1011 B 1,079,606 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND RELATED PROGRAMS APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1988 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND RELATED AGENCIES Y 4. Ap 6/1: F76/3/968/pt. 2 DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin, Chairman SIDNEY R. YATES, Illinois MICKEY EDWARDS, Oklahoma MATTHEW F. McHUGH, New York JACK F. KEMP, New York WILLIAM LEHMAN, Florida JERRY LEWIS, California CHARLES WILSON, Texas JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois JULIAN C. DIXON, California WILLIAM H. GRAY III, Pennsylvania ROBERT J. MRAZEK, New York TERRY R. PEEL, WILLIAM E. SCHUERCH, and MARK W. MURRAY, Staff Assistants PART 2 JUSTIFICATION OF BUDGET ESTIMATES Page Agency for International Development: Africa Programs Asia and Near East.... Latin America and the Caribbean. Centrally Funded Programs 1 457 835 1219 Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN LIBRARIES MAR 17 1987 The University of Michigan Documents Center DEPOSITED BY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AND RELATED PROGRAMS APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1988 HEARINGS BEFORE A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN OPERATIONS AND RELATED AGENCIES DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin, Chairman SIDNEY R. YATES, Illinois MICKEY EDWARDS, Oklahoma MATTHEW F. McHUGH, New York JACK F. KEMP, New York WILLIAM LEHMAN, Florida JERRY LEWIS, California CHARLES WILSON, Texas JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Ilinois JULIAN C. DIXON, California WILLIAM H. GRAY III, Pennsylvania ROBERT J. MRAZEK, New York TERRY R. PEEL, WILLIAM E. SCHUERCH, and MARK W. MURRAY, Staff Assistants PART 2 JUSTIFICATION OF BUDGET ESTIMATES Page Agency for International Development: Africa Programs...... Asia and Near East. Latin America and the Caribbean........ Centrally Funded Programs 1 457 835 1219 Printed for the use of the Committee on Appropriations U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1987 69-533 0 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Vi ashington, DC 20402 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JAMIE L. WHITTEN, Mississippi, Chairman EDWARD P. BOLAND, Massachusetts SILVIO O. CONTE, Massachusetts WILLIAM H. NATCHER, Kentucky JOSEPH M. McDADE, Pennsylvania NEAL SMITH, Iowa JOHN T. MYERS, Indiana SIDNEY R. YATES, Mlinois CLARENCE E. MILLER, Ohio DAVID R. OBEY, Wisconsin LAWRENCE COUGHLIN, Pennsylvania EDWARD R. ROYBAL, California C. W. BILL YOUNG, Florida LOUIS STOKES, Ohio JACK F. KEMP, New York TOM BEVILL, Alabama RALPH REGULA, Ohio BILL CHAPPELL, JR., Florida VIRGINIA SMITH, Nebraska BILL ALEXANDER, Arkansas CARL D. PURSELL, Michigan JOHN P. MURTHA, Pennsylvania MICKEY EDWARDS, Oklahoma BOB TRAXLER, Michigan BOB LIVINGSTON, Louisiana JOSEPH D. EARLY, Massachusetts BILL GREEN, New York CHARLES WILSON, Texas JERRY LEWIS, California LINDY (MRS. HALE) BOGGS, Louisiana JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois NORMAN D. DICKS, Washington HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky MATTHEW F. McHUGH, New York JOE SKEEN, New Mexico WILLIAM LEHMAN, Florida FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia MARTIN OLAV SABO, Minnesota BILL LOWERY, California JULIAN C. DIXON, California VIN WEBER, Minnesota VIC FAZIO, California TOM DELAY, Texas W. G. (BILL) HEFNER, North Carolina JIM KOLBE, Arizona LES AUCOIN, Oregon DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii WES WATKINS, Oklahoma WILLIAM H. GRAY III, Pennsylvania BERNARD J. DWYER, New Jersey BILL BONER, Tennessee STENY H. HOYER, Maryland BOB CARR, Michigan ROBERT J. MRAZEK, New York RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois RONALD D. COLEMAN, Texas ALLAN B. MOLLOHAN, West Virginia FREDERICK G. MOHRMAN, Clerk and Staff Director T 3 AGENCE: Seychelles Djibouti _Somalia LUganda -Kenya -Rwanda -Burundi Comoros Tanzania Malawi Sao Tome/ Zaire Princine COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS JAMIE L. WHITTEN, Mississippi, Chairman BOLAND, Massachusetts SILVIO O. CONTE, Massachuseta 1. NATCHER, Kentucky JOSEPH M. McDADE, Pennsylvania H, Iowa JOHN T. MYERS, Indiana YATES, Illinois CLARENCE E. MILLER, Ohio BEY, Wisconsin LAWRENCE COUGHLIN, Pennsylvania ROYBAL, California C. W. BILL YOUNG, Florida ES, Ohio JACK F. KEMP, New York Alabama RALPH REGULA, Ohio CLL, JR., Florida VIRGINIA SMITH, Nebraska NDER, Arkansas CARL D. PURSELL, Michigan RTHA, Pennsylvania MICKEY EDWARDS, Oklahoma R, Michigan BOB LIVINGSTON, Louisiana IRLY, Massachusetts BILL GREEN, New York SON, Texas JERRY LEWIS, California HALE) BOGGS, Louisiana JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Ilinois DICKS, Washington HAROLD ROGERS, Kentucky McHUGH, New York JOE SKEEN, New Mexico MAN, Florida FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia SABO, Minnesota BILL LOWERY, California LON, California VIN WEBER, Minnesota ifornia TOM DELAY, Texas CFNER, North Carolina JIM KOLBE, Arizona regon AKA, Hawaii Oklahoma RAY III, Pennsylvania NYER, New Jersey ennessee ER, Maryland higan ZEK, New York RBIN, Illinois LEMAN, Texas LOHAN, West Virginia FREDERICK G. MOHRMAN, Clerk and Staff Director Togo Congo Cameroon Ghana Equatorial Guinea Liberia Burkina Faso Mali Mauritania Guinea Gambia Senegal Guinea-Bissau Sierra Leone Cape Verde (II) 2 AFRICA Responsible Officer: Mard L. Edelman MARK L. EDELMAN Assistant Administrator Bureau for Africa AFRICA 2 Bureau for Africa Assistant Administrator MARK L. EDELMAN Mard l Edelman Responsible Officer: Niger Central African Republic Chad Sudan Djibouti -Somalia Mauritania Senegal Mali Cape Verde Gambia Guinea-Bissau Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Ghana Burkina Faso Cameroon Equatorial Guinea Togo -Seychelles LUganda -Kenya -Rwanda Burundi Tanzania Malawi SO Comoros Congo Sao Tome/ Zaire niinrine 2 AFRICA ТИЗМНО13V30 ЈА ИСЯТИ ЯО YОИЗОА ҮризоА Responsible Officer: месете ( MARK L. EDELMAN Assistant Administrator Bureau for Africa по праву істореотдоо 88ease lѕо iн УЗИИ Брій А $ 2 AFRICA Responsible Officer: Mare L Edelman MARK L. EDELMAN Assistant Administrator Bureau for Africa sydan Chad African anellu Niger ANNEX I Annex I presents to the Congress all Development Fund for Africa (DFA) and Economic Support Fund (ESP) programs proposed for Africa for which A.I.D. is requesting funds for FY 1988. It (The DFA is a new development account beginning in PY 1988. replaces all Development Assistance (DA) accounts and the Sahel Development Program.) The annex begins with a summary table which provides a breakout by country and appropriation account of the Africa region's funding requirements from PY 1985 to FY 1988. There is also a regional summary table showing economic and social data for African countries. Following these tables is a regional narrative which provides a summary statement of the Agency's programs in Africa. The DPA program is presented in the regional narrative. Thereafter follows a description of all programs, with country narratives describing the total A.I.D. program and listing projects for which funds are being requested in PY 1988. These narratives are followed by planned program summary sheets which present in detail requests for new projects in PY 1988. The narratives for Chad, Kenya, Liberia, Senegal, Somalia and Sudan include PY 1988 funding requests for both DFA and ESF. The narratives for Djibouti and Seychelles contain FY 1988 funding requests for BSP only. All other FY 1988 country and regional funding requests are for DPA only. Note that the regional projects presented in this annex are different from centrally funded activities, which are described in Annex IV. The final section of Annex I includes tables on terminating programs. 111 5 ANNEX I AFRICA - TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION.... ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA...... AFRICA BUREAU OVERVIEW. COUNTRY/REGIONAL PROGRAMS resents to the Congress all Development Fund for PA) and Economic Support Fund (ESP) programs proposed a for which A.I.D. is requesting funds for PY 1988. is a new development account beginning in PY 1988. It all Development Assistance (DA) accounts and the Sahel nt Program. ) begins with a summary table which provides a breakout " and appropriation account of the Africa region's quirements from PY 1985 to PY 1988. There is also a ummary table showing economic and social data for untries. Pollowing these tables is a regional which provides a summary statement of the Agency's n Africa. The DPA program is presented in the arrative. Thereafter follows a description of all vith country narratives describing the total A.I.D. 1 listing projects for which funds are being in PY 1988. These narratives are followed by planned imary sheets which present in detail requests for new PY 1988. ves for Chad, Kenya, Liberia, Senegal, Somalia and de FY 1988 funding requests for both dia and E$F. ves for Djibouti and Seychelles contain FY 1988 nests for esp only. All other FY 1988 country and iding requests are for DPA only. le regional projects presented in this annex are om centrally funded activities, which are described $ t t Botswana.. Burkina Faso..... Burundi....... Cameroon........... Cape Verde... Central African Republic. Chad.. Comoros...... Congo....... ** Djibouti... Equatorial Guines..... Gambia.... Ghana......... Guinea........ Guinea-Bissau. Kenya.... Lesotho....... Liberia..... Madagascar. Malawi... Mali... Mauritania...... Mauritius....... Mozambique.... Niger......... Rwanda. Sao Tome/Principe. Senegal........... ** Seychelles...... Sierra Leone... 街 ​Somalia.. South Africa (for disadvantaged South Afr * Sudan..... Swaziland. Tanzania.. Togo...... Uganda. Zaire......... Zambia.. ction of Annex I includes tables on terminating 事 ​iv 111 6 ARRICA SP TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Southern Africa Regional... Africa Regional... African Econonic Policy Reform Program... 419 433 459 TERMINATING PROGRAMS 467 * Receives both Development Fund for Africa and Economic Support Funds in FY 1988. **Receives only Economic Support Funds in FY 1988. V 6 7 AFRICA - TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Programs by Country and Appr PAGE ........... hern Africa Regional........ a Regional......... an Econonic Policy Refora Progra.. 419 433 459 NATING PROGRAMS.. 467 ceives both Development Pund for Africa and Economic Support Funds la FY 1988. ceives only Econondc Support Punde la F 1988. 1 001 19 | | 9 lo SUNSARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 2 02/02187 RESION: BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP-88 : UNTY AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION CHILD SURYIYAL TOTAL POPULATION PLANNING MEALTH EDUCATION SELECTED SANEL DEVELOPNENT ECONONIC AND HUMAN DEVELOPTENT DEVELOP SENT FUND FOR SUPPORT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAN AFRICA FUND DEVELOPMENT OTHER PROGRANS 700 Owc0 1985 1.000 675 812 475 130 1987 1933 SO 500 312 500 EJATORIAL GUINEA 1985 1,300 1926 1.300 1987 500 1933 500 1.000 1.000 SCO 500 QOROS 1.35 1986 1907 1986 403 750 600 700 603 750 600 J! BOUTI 1935 1936 1957 1983 3.500 2.950 1.900 3.000 1.500 2.950 1905 3.000 GABIA 10as 1996 1907 1955 4,561 4,000 4.581 4.000 2.300 סנכ,2 3.000 3.000 GHANA 1795 1986 2.190 3.000 - 2.190 3.0 :: 10 CUNTY AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION CMILD SURVIVAL TOTAL POPULATION PLANNING MSALTY EDUCATION SELECTED SEMEL AND HUMAN DEVELOPENT DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPPENT ECONONIC PUND FOR SUPPORT AFRICA PUNO OTHER PROGRAMS OCS 315 723 263 6.423 OSZ 25,000 16,662 15.000 17.000 19.000 10.000 CS 3.051 3.540 3.430 2.817 3.463 3.623 955 s CC6E כ1,37 63.000 29, 203 15,000 17.000 13.000 CCZ סככ,2 20.990 7,"? 1,033 95 1,500 2.50 300 1.920 1,309 15.000 436 SUANARY OF PROS ASS AY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/02/87 ISION: 3EAU FOR AFRICA C1-BB GUINEA-BISSAU 1935 2.503 3.320 2,220 1.78 ככ2,0 13? 1.760 ככג,2 2.000 1955 3.924 ככו,4 39,15 0.95 34,312 35,00 ܪ1ܕܪܐ 2.415 2.499 2.530 1967 1969 9,472 2.03? 005.9 1.200 CHICS: 10,300 1.294 1'S 1939 1997 دو دو 5,351 4.S?? 5,433 Crie 3.155 5.138 6.200 13,303 5.344 LIBER: 4 1035 1965 1937 132 53,385 41.25 23,730 5) 53 6.930 בככ,30 A JAGASCAR 1055 CCC's 2033 1527 2.3.4 3,285 4.30 2.230 3.000 2.366 Efet ססס,1 ככ4,3 1935 179 1937 26,700 24.00C 10,779 19.300 10.000 1983 23,894 OCC't 1937 7.333 16.000 10.455 9.000 7.350 1038 OCCO 8.000 11 CCCZ CCS 1995 1765 1967 39,159 0.35 36,012 5.924 15.30 6.500 CCI 7,472 2.03 OCCSS 2.000 € 2.415 2.49 2.300 L CHIC!:) 1985 1.200 315 250 723 243 6.423 OC 1997 10.300 9.555 9,000 13.300 5.851 4.522 25.000 14.4*2 15.000 17.00 1.294 CSO's 11.00 3.155 5.138 6.200 CS 53 3 10.30 CS 3.251 3.560 3.480 2.817 MADAGASCAR SSO! CC65 3.623 51 1.379 ,5 OCC's 2.00 1935 1997 1933 2.3.6 3.283 4,020 63.000 23,293 15.000 17.000 13.000 10 2.230 OCO :::: 3.000 2.946 1.000 CCO ССС) 853 1.500 2.300 1.920 1. 309 COSZ 300 15.000 1.5 29.896 10.000 OCC'e CSI 2 SCC 2 10.455 9.000 7.350 10.000 8.000 PAGE 6 02/02187 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP-38 DEVELOPNENT ECONONIC FUND POR SUPPORT AFRICA PUND RUSION: BUREAU FOR AFRICA OTHER PROGRANS EDUCATION SELECTED SANEL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CHILD SURVIVAL AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING MEALTH COUNTRY TOTAL 7.000 1.914 1.003 CO 13.030 9.570 10,000 COC'S -- 1v95 1983 137 193 53,395 41.25 23,730 isos 4.930 OCCO 1935 25,750 24,300 10.779 10.300 4,20 20.90 7.70 1937 1997 ilet 9.362 3.000 2.000 3.000 MAURITANIA 1995 1966 1987 1965 9.362 3.000 2.500 3,300 1.500 MAJRITIUS 1923 1986 1987 1988 7.000 1.914 CCCL 1.500 10.000 NOLAMIQUE 1935 15 1957 1938 13.000 9.570 10.000 10.300 OGO'S 20.000 16.000 67373 2.000 16,300 25.090 23.373 1355 1935 1726 1.500 1 LUU UU 12 REZION: BUREAU FOR AFRICA H. CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION SELECTED SANEL AND MUMAN DEVELOP SENT DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC UND FOR SUPPORT OTNER APRICA FUND PROGRANS AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPXENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING NE ALT4 OOOOOOO COUNTRY TOTAL ... 1.000 6,000 15 15.000 550 4,972 15.700 25.000 1.140 116.000 10.000 560 7,260 600 3.007 1.363 643 59 70 2.900 18.000 13.000 .. 65) 35 2.130 1983 2.000 3,997 5.428 5.000 SUVARY OF PROGRANS BY COUNTRY ANO APPROPRIATION SA1108 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 5 02/02/17 CP-98 SEYCHELLES 1985 1986 1987 1985 2.000 1.914 2.000 3.000 2.000 1.14 2.300 3.500 SIERRA LEONE 1995 1986 1967 1988 1.300 1.145 1.145 1.300 2.550 5.613 SALA 1985 1986 1987 1986 12.250 9934 9.123 2. 200 6,630 1.100 30.737 44.155 34,743 38.000 2.737 2.000 3.000 33.000 22.011 17.500 23.000 SOUIN APRICA 1985 1936 1987 1°39 5.522 15.700 29.000 SUDAN 1935 10! 1987 1988 149,260 41.586 22,472 36.000 23,313 29.625 1,712 SWAIILANO 1935 1986 1927 1989 1995 1,699 8.112 9,756 7.000 6.500 200 6,500 TANZANIA 1985 1986 1987 1983 !!! QOO 6.000 4900 12 13 1.000 2.000 3.000 2.200 6,600 1.100 2.737 2.000 3.000 1.009 15 33.000 22.011 17.500 23.000 15.000 6.000 560 6.972 15.700 1.140 -- 25.000 59 70 --- 2.300 3.007 1.363 643 116.000 10.000 1.260 600 35 18.000 2.130 1983 2.000 13.000 3.997 S. 428 5.000 6.000 PAGE 02/02/37 SUMMARY OF PROGRANS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP-88 DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FUND FOR SUPPORT AFRICA FUN OTWER PROGRANS REGION: BUREAU FOR AFRICA EDUCATION SELECTED SAMEL AND MUMAN DEVELOP TENT DEVELOPMENT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT CHILD SURVIVAL AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING MEAL TM COUNTRY TOTAL 1.830 1.608 500 3.000 911 400 6362 2.050 550 7.000 200 10,615 26,527 13.000 500 1,300 14 100 800 11.210 5.370 4.340 3.300 SISRRA LEONE 1995 1986 1987 1930 1.143 1,300 1.145 SOTALA 19 as 1986 1987 1986 50,737 44,155 34,743 38.000 12.250 9.934 9.123 2.530 5.610 1.300 SOUTH APRICA 1985 1936 1987 1989 5,522 15.700 25.000 SUDAN 1935 1925 1987 1986 149,260 41.588 22.472 36,30 23,313 29,625 19,712 SWAZILANO 1985 136 1927 1989 1.995 1.699 8.112 9.756 7.000 6,500 TANZANIA 1985 1986 1087 1939 6.500 4000 TOGO 1985 1986 1987 1988 3, 100 10.910 2.695 3.000 1.492 3063 1,384 UGANDA 1905 1986 1987 1986 5,890 8.482 5.350 7.940 13,394 5.550 7,000 2.373 33,000 ZAIRE 1985 1986 1987 1986 34,359 45.777 30,350 33,300 12,720 13.000 11,293 2.080 1.055 60.033 17.000 12,400 15.000 ZAIDIA 1985 1936 1987 40.000 19.149 15.500 2.149 3.100 28.000 14 PAGE 02/02/87 CP-35 SANEL AND MUKAN DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPNENT RESOURCES ACTIVITIES PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC FUXI FOR SUPPORT AFRICA PUNO OTHER PROGRANS 977 mu S8.554 70.581 82,200 O. 27.000 45.000 C00 103,300 84.636 72.621 617.139 68,250 245.173 76.0430) 212,8046) d 5.3000 100.000 ... 302.000 al Total includes $39.946 million of YY 1985 deobligated funds and $4.741 nullion of 7 1986 deobligated funda for a total of $44.687 million Di Includes $ 70.581 million for African Puaine Supplemental and $5.462 aillion for Migration and refugee Assistance for Africa (L. 97-121) In SUMMARY OF ROSRAMS AY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 7:3ION: UPEAU FOR ARICA CUNTRY TOTAL AGHICULTURE RJAL VELODENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING CNILO SURVIVAL MZALIM EDUCATION SELECTED AF? ICA RESIONAL 1995 119,492 1.26 1.4,157 1987 77.598 32,200 15,328 26.175 33,7:3 3.355 4,51 11,456 17.310 15,634 8.2.2 3.500 4.000 9,500 13,697 15.766 0.372 1,758 3.087 5,197 AF 2 ICA ECONOCOLICY REFORM PRORAN 1s 1925 1937 21.30 65.000 TOTAL 1995 17:5 1937 1958 835,272 720,3710/ 539,241 520.300 123.23 155,077 13.925 15.023 25.79 13,373 3.500 46.596 16.796 26.652 כככ.4 35.419 49,120 33.599 16,500 23.133 12.219 16.213 reobligated funds in FY 1986. YY 1986 and $5.3 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa OP.L. 97-121) in 77 1987. c! Total for ESF includes $3.113 million in local cost support and excludes $7.247 million in DA local coot support. d) The FY 1987 ESF level tntal includes $50 million for the TT 1987 supplementai request (see supplemental annex for details). 14 16 70.581 27.000 a 2.200 351 11.456 15.614 8,212 3.500 4,000 9.900 و به * 13,697 15.766 9.372 AFRICA ¿CONOMIC POLICY REPORT P20 RAN 7.755 8.087 5.107 1737 192 סנס,: 45,333 82,200 TOTAL 1995 173 1987 835.273 730.01a/ $33,994/ 520,300 123,233 153,977 138925 15.023 25.07% 13.373 46.506 36.796 26.652 49.000 3.500 6.003 14,500 35.419 49,120 33,599 23.133 12.219 16.215 103.300 84,686 72.621 reobligated funds in TY 1986. 300.000 417.139 66,250 245.173 76.04 212.8049 g 5.300 100.000 Total includes $39.946 11ton of 1985 deobliented funds and 94.741 RullSom of n 1986 deobligated funds for a total of 544.687 allll.com Includes $70.581 atlllon for African Paline Supplemental and $5.462 million for Migrat lon and Refugee Ageletance for Afries (P.L. 97-121) ia TY 1986 and $5.3 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. 17.121) in n 1987. c! Total for ESF Includes $3.115 million in local cost support and excludes $7.247 million in DA local coat support. d! The FY 1987 ESP level ental includes $50 aillion for the Y 1987 supplemental request (e. supplemental annen for details). Economic and Social Data (Regional Summaj 9 16 REGION: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUNWARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) % POP WITH PEOPLE ACCESS PER TO SAFE DOCTOR WATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KN) LITERACY RATE POP/AGRICUL - TURAL LAND POP/TOTAL LAND BOTSWANA BURKINA FASO 45% (71) BURUNDI 43% (75) CAMEROON 52% (80) CAPE VERDE 2 (84) 1 (76) 24 (84) 21 (76) 164 (84) 136 (76) 21 (84) 16 (76) BO (84) 70 (76) 47% (80) 42% (76) 48% (60) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD 37% (62) COMOROS 3 (76) CONGO 3 (76) 174 (14) 141 (76) DJIBOUTI 43% (14) EQUATORIAL GUINEA GAMBIA. THE 1. 110 (86) 3.5% (86) 742 (76) 5.1% (76) 8,078 (86) 2.3% (86) 6,568 (76) 1.8% (76) 4.862 (86) 2.9% (86) 3.736 (76) 1.9% (76) 9.986 (86) 2.7% (86) 7.706 (76) 2.4% (76) 335 (86) 2.5% (86) 283 (76) 0.8% (76) 2,605 (86) 2.4% (86) 2.076 (76) 2.2% (76) 4,534 (86) 2.0% (86) 3.919 (76) 1.7% (76) 402 (86) 3.3% (86) 281 (76) 2.9% (76) 2,013 (86) 3.4% (86) 1.406 (76) 3.5% (76) 305 (86) 2.5% (86) 217 (76) 4.4% (76) 294 (86) 3. 1% (86) 194 (76) -11% ( 76 ) 742 (86) 2.4% (86) 547 (76) 3.3% (76) 13,552 (86) 4.1% (86) 10. 209 (76) 2.0% (76) 6,200 (86) 3. 1% (86) 5.083 (76) 1.8% (76) 907 (86) 2.3% (86) 733 (76) 7.3% (76) 21.453 (86) 4.2% (86) 14, 171 (76) 4.0% (76) 1,579 (86) 2.7% (86) 1.223 (76) 2.3% (76) 2.307 (86) 3.3% (86) 1.675 (76) 3.1% (76) 10,402 (86) 3.1% (86) 7.806 (76) 2.6% (76) 7,207 (86) 3.1% (86) 5,352 (76) 3.6% (76) 8. 190 (86) 2.8% (86) 6.334 (76) 2.3% (76) 1,810 (86) 2.9% (86) 58 (86) 9,250 (83) 54 (76) 46 (86) 49,276 (81) 41 (76) 52,824 (76) 48 (86) 45,025 (74) 44 (76) 49 (86) 13.990 (80) 44 (76) 60 (86) 5,798 (80) 55 (76) 45 (86) 23.091 (80) 41 (76) 20.500 (76) 38 (86) 47,644 (78) 34 (76) 41, 136 (76) 54 (86) 15,950 (78) 50 (76) 55 (86) 5.507 (78) 50 (76) 7,468 (76) 46 (86) 1.970 (82) 43 (76) 4.218 (76) 45 (86) 5, 130 (68) 41 (76) 40 (86) 12.306 (78) 36 (76) 13.585 (76) 58 (86) 6,759 (81) 52 (76) 10. 148 (76) 41 (86) 17.223 (77) 37 (76) 18.285 (76) 44 (86) 7,491 (80) 41 (76) 8.959 (76) 60 (86) 7.544 (84) 55 (76) 9,094 (76) 59 (86) 18.642 (77) 55 (76) 20.678 (76) 54 (86) 8.544 (81) 49 (76) 50 (86) 9.931 (81) 46 (76) 10,279 (76) 47 (86) 52.961 (84) 42 (76) 50.509 (76) 44 (86) 25,375 (80) 40 (76) 41.847 (76) 44 (86) 14.505 (77) GHANA 45% (75) 68 (86) 41% (71) 84 (76) 30% (80) 146 (86) 9% (75) 170 (76) 24% (80) 119 (86) 27% (80) 139 (76) 26% (76) 131 (86) 41% (76) 26% (76) 157 (76) 41% (76) 50% (80) 72 (86) 37% (70) 96 (76) 17% (78) 151 (86) 33% (80) 16% (76) 179 (76) 30% (80) 146 (86) 6% (63) 171 (76) 98 (86) 58% (66) 120 (76) 25% (80) 114 (86) 16% (61) 24% (76) 133 (76) 45% (80) 128 (86) 50% (76) 140 (76) 132 (86) 37% (80) 154 (76) 12% (70) 180 (86) 20% (80) 200 (76) 47% (80) 73 (86) 30% (70) 98 (76) 17% (80) 156 (86) 9% (65) 181 (76) 10% (80) 136 (86) 19% (80) 157 (76) 26% (80) 76 (86) 47% (80) 96 (76) 14% (80) 87 (86) 59% (66) 111 (76) 20% (74) 126 (86) 25% (80) 149 (76) 21% (80) 105 (86) 127 (76) 41% (80) 139 (86) 25% (80) 33% (76) 166 (76) 6% (80) 157 (86) 9% (76) 9% (76) 177 (76) 9% (76) 84% (80) 102 (86) 17% (76) 2 (83) 2 (76) 51 (83) 46 (76) 201 (83) 179 (76) 63 (83) 52 (76) 485 (83) 432 (76) 49 (83) 43 (76) 10 (83) 9 (76) 342 (83) 290 (76) 16 (83) 13 (76) 171 (83) 95 (76) 108 (83) 96 (76) 160 (85) 231 (76) 192 (83) 165 (76) 127 (83) 111 (76) 54 (83) 42 (76) 310 (83) 236 (76) 63 (83) 52 (76) 337 (83) 270 (76) 26 (83) 21 (76) 158 (63) 130 (76) 22 (83) 19 (76) 4 (63) GUINEA 44% (70) GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA 4 (76) 16 (85) 11 (76) 13 (14) 11 (76) 64 (84) 49 (76) 52 (84) 43 (76) 24 (84) 21 (76) 24 (84) 18 (76) 34 (84) 24 (76) 49 (84) 40 (76) 19 (84) 15 (76) 17 (84) 13 (76) 58 (84) 45 (76) LESOTHO LIBERIA 45% (66) MADAGASCAR 42% (74) MALAWI 56% (75) MALI 46% (77) MAURITANIA 60% (76) 60% (76) 55% (78) 5 (76) 2 (84) 10 17 ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) A PUP WITH PEOPLE ACCESS PER TO SAFE DOCTOR WATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 LITERACY BIRTHS RATE MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE K) POP / AGRICUL - TURAL LAND POP/TOTAL LANO 43% (75) 2 (84) 1 (76) 24 (84) 21 (76) 136 (76) 21 (14) 16 (76) 80 (84) 70 (76) 37% (62) 3 (76) 16 3 (76) 174 (64) 141 (76) 2 (83) 2 (76) 51 (83) 46 (76) 201 (83) 179 (76) 63 (83) 52 (76) 485 (83) 432 (76) 49 (83) 43 (76) 10 (63) 9 (76) 342 (83) 290 (76) 16 (83) 13 (76) 171 (13) 95 (76) 106 (83) 96 (76) 160 (65) 231 (76) 192 (83) 165 (76) 127 (83) 111 (76) 34 (83) 42 (76) 310 (23) 236 (76 63 (o 32 6) 337 3) 270 1.110 (66) 3.5% (86) 58 (86) 742 (76) 9.250 (83) 45% (75) 68 (86) 41% (71) 45% (71) 5.1% (76) 54 (76) 8,078 (86) 84 (76) 2.3% (86) 6,568 (76) 46 (86) 49.276 (81) 30% (80) 146 (86) 9% (75) 1.8% (76) 4,862 (86) 41 (76) 52.824 (76) 170 (76) 2.9% (86) 3,736 (76) 48 (86) 45.025 (74) 24% (80) 119 (86) 27% (80) 52% (80) 1.9% (76) 9,986 (86) 44 (76) 2.7% (86) · 139 (76) 7,706 (76) 49 (86) 13,990 (80) 26% (76) 131 (86) 41% (76) 47% (80) 2.4% (76) 44 (76) 335 (86) 26% (76) 157 (76) 41% (76) 42% (76) 2.5% (86) 60 (86) 283 (76) 5,798 (80) 0.8% (76) 50% (80) 72 (86) 37% (70) 48% (60) 55 (76) 2.605 (86) 2.4% (86) 96 (76) 2.076 (76) 2.2% (76) 45 (86) 23.091 (BO) 17% (78) 151 (86) 33% (80) 4,534 (86) 2.0% (86) 41 (76) 20,500 (76) 16% (76) 179 (76) 3,919 (76) 1.7% (76) 38 (86) 47.644 (78) 30% (80) 146 (86) 6% (63) 402 (86) 34 (76) 41.136 (76) 171 (76) 281 (76) 98 (BG) 58% (66) 2.9% (76) 3.3% (86) 54 (86) 15,950 (78) 50 (76) 2,013 (86) 3.4% (86) • 120 (76) 55 (86) 1.406 (76) 5,507 (78) 25% (BO) 114 (86) 16% (61) 43% (74) 3.5% (76) 50 (76) 305 (86) 2.5% (86) 7,468 (76) 24% (76) 133 (76) 217 (76) 4.4% (76) 46 (86) 1.970 (82) 45% (80) 128 (86) 43 (76) 4,218 (76) 294 (86) 3, 1% (86) 50% (76) 140 (76) 45 (86) 5, 130 (68) • 132 (86) 37% (80) 194 (76) - 11% (76) 41 (76) 154 (76) 742 (86) 2.4% (86) 40 (86) 12,306 (78) 12% (70) 180 (86) 20% (80) 547 (76) 3.3% (76) 36 (76) 13,585 (76) 200 (76) 13.552 (86) 4.1% (86) 58 (86) 6,759 (81) 47% (20) 73 (86) 30% (70) 44% (70) 10, 209 (76)2.0% (76) 52 (76) 10,148 (76) 98 (76) 6. 200 (86) 3. 1% (86) 41 (86) 17,223 (77) 17% (BO) 156 (86) 9% (65) 5.083 (76) 1.8% (76) 37 (76) 18,285 (76) 181 (76) 907 (86) 2.3% (86) 44 (86) 7.491 (80) 10% (80) 136 (86) 19% (80) 733 (76) 7.3% (76) 41 (76) 8,959 (76) 157 (76) 21.453 (86) 76 (86) 47% (80) 4.2% (86) 60 (86) 7.544 (84) 26% (80) 14, 171 (76) 4.0% (76) 55 (76) 96 (76) 8.094 (76) 1.579 (86) 2.7% (86) 59 (86) 18.642 (77) 1,223 (76) 2.3% (76) 55 (76) 20.678 (76) 2, 307 (86) 3.3% (86) 54 (86) 8,544 (81) 1.675 (76) 3.1% (76) 49 (76) 21% (80) 10.402 (86) 3.1% (86) 50 (86) 7,806 (76) 2.6% (76) 46 (76) 10.27 7,207 (86) 3.1% (86) 5.382 (76) 3.6% (76) (BG) 8. 190 (66) 4 (76) 16 (85) 16 (76) 13 (64) 11 (76) 64 (84) 49 (76) 52 (34) 43 (76) 24 (2) 2: 76 24 45% (66) 14% (80) 87 (86) 59% (66) 111 (76) 20% (74) 126 (86) 25% (80) 149 (76) 105 (6) 127 (76) 25X (O) 42% (74) 56% (75) 46X (77) 9,937 47 (86) 42 (76) DO 2.8% (86) 2. 2x (76 x SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT VEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) EDUCATION IVIAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) BOTSWANA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMEROON CAPE VERDE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD COMOROS CONGO DJIBOUTI EQUATORIAL GUINEA GAMBIA, THE 23 1.Bio GHANA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU KENYA LESOTHO LIBERIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALI MAURITANIA $703 REGION: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES HEALTH --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KID) POPULATTON INFANT MALE DEATHS LABOR PER FORCE 1000 LITERACY PARTICI- BIRTHS RATE PATION X POP WITH PEOPLE ACCESS PER TO SAFE DOCTOR WATER POP/AGRICUL- POP/TOTAL TURAL LAND LAND TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) LIFE EXPECT- NCY (YEARS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE 1 (70) 932 (84) 486 (76) 17 (84) 14 (76) MAURITIUS MOZAMBIQUE NI GER 4 (76) 222 (04) 171 (76) TOS (84) 93 (18) 32 (14) 26 (78) 217 (84) 218 (76) 51 (14) 43 (78) RWANDA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 1.391 (76) 2.3% (76) 40 (76) 19.777 (76) 121 (76) 17% (76) 1.060 (86) 1.9% (86) 68 (86) 1,730 (81) 99% (80) 24 (86) 79% (80) 51% (721 898 (76) 1.4% (76) 65 (76) 2,658 (76) 40 (76) 14, 157 (66) 2.6% (86) 45 (86) 33, 342 (80) 10% (75) 150 (86) 33% (80) 53% (70) 10.770 (76) 3.2% (76) 43 (76) 164 (76) 6.609 (86) 3.0% (86) 45 (86) 38,791 (78) 33% (80) 142 (86) 10% (80) 50% (70) 4,686 (76) 3.0% (76) 42 (76) 44,550 (76) 166 (76) 6,375 (86) 3.6% (86) 50 (86) 29, 148 (81) 54% (80) 124 (86) 50% (80) 4,619 (76) 3.2% (76) 46 (76) 41,321 (76) 35% (76) 147 (76) 111 (86) 2.8% (86) 66 (86) 2,542 (01) 80% (82) 57 (86) 57% (81) 84 (76) 3.1% (76) 61 (76) 80 (76) 6,8BS (86) 3.0% (86) 51 (86) 13,047 (81) 42% (80) 100 (86) 6% (61) six (73) 5, 101 (76) 2.2% (76) 46 (76) 16,396 (76) 37% (76) 116 (76) 67 (86) 1.5% (86) 71 (86) 2,333 (79) 82% (80) 26 (06) 58% (71) 59% (80) 61 (76) 2.0% (76) 68 (76) 35 (76) 3,674 (86) 2. 1% (86) 39 (86) 17,674 (80) 16% (80) 188 (86) 7% (63) 56% (63) 3.062 (76) 1.5% (76) 35 (76) 216 (76) 7,512 (86) 1.9% (B6) 51 (06) 15,632 (80) 33% (80) 136 (86) 6% (80) 56% (75) 4,235 (76) 2.6% (76) 47 (76) 33% (76) 179 (76) 33,545 (86) 2.3% (86) 60 (86) 1,986 (73) 68 (86) 57% (60) 51% (70) 26.590 (76) 2.8% (76) 56 (76) 88 (76) 23,082 (86) 3.0% (86) 52 (86) 9,072 (81) 46% (78) 105 (86) 15% (66) 47% (73) 16, 502 (76) 3.0% (76) 47 (76) 10, 120 (76) 46% (76) 129 (76) 696 (86) 2.9% (86) 50 (86) 6.984 (83) 37% (80) 134 (86) 55% (76) 50% (76) 516 (76) 2.8% (76) 46 (76) 10.256 (76) 156 (76) 55% (76) 50% (76) 3, 125 (86) 3.2% (86) 53 (86) 18.547 (BO) 42% (BO) 119 (86) 16% (70) 43% (70) 2.317 (76) 2.8% (76) 49 (76) 22,267 (76) 138 (76) 15,331 (86) 3.4% (86) 49 (86) 25.000 (81) 35% (75) 105 (86) 52% (80) 11.417 (76) 2.8% (76) 47 (76) 116 (76) 0 175 186) 2.9% (86) 51 (86) 13,943 (78) 18% (82) 114 (86) 55% (80) 16% (76) 136 (76) 89 (86) 47% (69) 44% (77) SENEGAL 4 (76) 871 (83) 793 (76) 28 (03) 23 (76) 47 (83) 38 (76) 390 (83) 299 (76) 276 (83) 242 (76) 175 (84) 47 (76) 1.067 (83) 1.220 (76) 90 (83) 81 (76) 17 (83) 14 (76) 33 (83) 27 (76) 30 (83) 24 (76) 55 (83) 40 (76) 175 (83) 145 (76) 128 (83) 108 (76) 184 (83) 161 (76) 15 (83) 12 (76) SEYCHELLES 7 (76) 26 (84) 21 (76) SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SUOAN 7 (76) 42 (84) 32 (76) 52 (34) 41 (76) 63 (84) 48 (76) 13 (14) 11 (76) 9 (84) 1 (76) Ant SWAZILAND TOGO UGANDA nn) oo SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: AFRICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES HEALTH EDUCATION POPULATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KM) PEOPLE % POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE VATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) PER ANNUAL GROWTH RATE POP/TOTAL LANO TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS) POP/AGRICUL- TURAL LAND LITERACY RATE DOCTOR (60) ANGOLA 7,726 (86) 5,956 (76) 4. 189 (86) 2.0% (86) 1. 1% (76) 3.5% (86) 54% (79) BENIN 55% (75) COTE D'IVOIRE 42 (86) 16,645 (73) 21% (80) 170 (86) 38 (76) 200 (76) 48 (86) 16.980 (80) 20% (80) 131 (86) 28% (80) 33, 430 (76) 20% (76) 52 (86) 21.028 (75) 66% (80) 109 (86) 35% (80) 48 (76) 19% (76) 134 (76) 88, 124 (80) 15% (80) 13% (74) 99,576 (76) 6% (76) 58 (86) 79 (86) 38% (60) 53 (76) 102 (76) 47 (86) 10,543 (80) 126 (86) 34% (80) 43 (76) 15, 742 (76) 143 (76) 50 (86) 17.742 (77) 34% (80) 115 (86) 46% (78) 18,811 (76) 57% (78) 26 (83) 21 (76) 169 (83) 140 (76) 136 (83) 106 (76) 69 (83) 57 (76) 2 (83) 2 (76) 182 (83) 151 (76) 52 (83) 41 (76) 7 (84) 5 (76) 35 (84) 28 (76) 31 (84) 22 (76) 35 (84) 28 (76) 1 (84) 1 (76) 104 (84) 83 (76) 23 (84) 17 (76) ETHIOPIA 60% (60) NAMIBIA 49% (63) NIGERIA 50% (67) 105,448 (86) 79,473 ( 76 ) 22,745 (86) 16, 704 (76) 2.6% (86) 3.0% (76) 3.2% (86) 2.8% (76) TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLI 30% ! 36% 50%! NCP SUMMARY 91 74 12.240 . 16, 275. (MRY) (1976) 140, 108 • 102, 434 %, 34 26 47 42 . 2.7%. 2.9% , * 127 146 55 REGION SUMMARY (MRY) ( 1976) 50 ! 46. 418.860. 310, 322 15, 252. 19,051 . 2.9%) 2.8% ! 31% ! 28%. 115 136 50% ! 50% 158 139 36%. 27% ! 46 . . SUM. . ARITHMETIC MEAN, .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). .. MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 12 19 EDUCATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) PEOPLE PER DOCTOR % POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE WATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION -- POPULATION DENSITY- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KM) LITERACY RATE POP / AGRICUL- TURAL LANO POP / TOTAL LANO 26 (83) 21 (76) 169 (83) 140 (76) 136 (83) 106 (76) 69 (83) 57 (76) 2 (83) 2 (76) 182 (83) 151 (76) 52 (83) 41 (76) 7 (84) 5 (76) 35 (84) 28 (76) 31 (84) 22 (76) 35 (84) 28 (76) ANGOLA 7.726 (86) 2.0% (86) 42 (86) 16,645 (73) 21% (80) 170 (86) 5,956 (76) (60) 1.1% (76) BENIN 38 (76) 4,189 (86) 200 (76) 3.5% (86) 48 (86) 16,980 (80) 20% (80) 131 (86) 28% (80) 54% (79) COTE D'IVOIRE 33, 430 (76) 20% (76) 52 (86) 21,028 (75) 66% (80) 109 (86) 35% (80) 55% (75) 48 (76) ETHIOPIA 19% (76) 134 (76) 88, 124 (80) 15% (BO) 13% (74) 57% (78) NAMIBIA 99,576 (76) 6% (76) 58 (86) 79 (86) 38% (60) 53 (76) NIGERIA 105.448 (86) 102 (76) 2.6% (86) 79,473 (76) 47 (86) 10,543 (BO) 126 (86) 34% (80) 49% (63) 3.0% (76) 22,745 (86) TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLI 3.2% (86) 43 (76) 15, 742 (76) 143 (76) 50 (86) 17.742 (77) 34% (80) 115 (86) 46% (78) 50% (67) 16,704 (76) 2.8% (76) 18.811 (76) NCP SUMMARY (MRY) 140, 108 2.7% 47 12,240 30%. 127 . 36% 50%. (1976) 102, 434 2.9% 42 16,275 . 0, 146 REGION SUMMARY (MRY) 418,860 2.9% ! 50 31% 115 36% 50%. (1976) 310.322 • 2.8%. 46 # 28%. 136 27%. 50%. • • SUM, . . ARITHMETIC MEAN, ! . WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION), - MISSING DATA REFER TO EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 60% (60) 1 (76) 104 (84) B3 (76) 23 (84) 17 (76) 18 15, 252# 19,051 . 91 © 74 . 26 . 158 o 139 55 22 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMOLARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE REGION: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-00A AS A % OF GNP DEBT TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS ALL SOURCES GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS X OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID AS X GNP US AID $ MILLION TOTAL US GNP PER CAPITA, SUS 14.5% (84) 4.7% (05) 33.0 (85) 2.6% (85) 18.3% (84) 13.2% (84) 26.7 (85) 1.8% (84) 3.6% (84) 1.1% (84) 0.1% (84) BOTSWANA 0.7% (85) 5.6% (84) 2.6% (76) 14.0% (83) 4.7% (76) 15.6% (84) 4.5% (76) 15.0% (84) 6.2% (76) 7.0 (85) 2.5% (14) BURKINA FASO 960 (34) 459 (76) 160 (84) 113 (76) 220 (84) 150 (76) 800 (84) 359 (76) 320 (84) 0.5% (85) 35.3 (85) BURUNDI 5.0 (85) 17.1% (84) CAMEROON 0.7% (as) 0.3% (84) 4.9 (85) CAPE VERDE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 260 (84) 204 (76) 40.6 (85) 5.5% (84) 0.1% (84) CHAD 0.1% (es) (85) COWOROS 20.8% (84) 8.8% (76) (85) CONGO 1, 140 (84) 308 (76) 480 (82) 85) 37.3% (84) DJIBOUTI 6.3% (85) 6.7% (84) 9.5 (85) 49.0% (85) 0.4% (84) 124.2% (78) 50.5% (76) 0.5% (85) 25.5 (85) EQUATORIAL GUINEA GAMBIA, THE CHANA 6.7% (84) 6.2% (81) 6.1% (76) 0.2% (84) 12.8 (85) 0.7% (85) 260 (84) 221 (76) 350 (84) 271 (76) 330 (14) 207 (76) 190 (84) (65) 7.7% (84) 0.8% (84) QUINEA 8% (85) 98.6 (85) GUINEA-BISSAU 5.6% (84) 17.0% (84) 22.0% (84) 4.8% ( 76 ) 51.9% (83) 3.5% (85) 310 (84) 20.2 (85) 13.0% (84) A 20 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES DEBT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DISBURSEMENTS-ODA AS A % OF GNP GNP PER CAPITA, SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID $ MILLION US AID AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES 7.2 (85) 0.7% (85) 3.5% (84) MAURITIUS 14.7% (84) 1.0% (76) 0.1% (84) 0.3% (84) 38.8 (85) 0.8% (85) 5.0% (84) MOZAMBIQUE 1.090 (84) 662 (76) 397 (82) 311 (76) 190 (84) 135 ( 76 ) 280 (84) 151 (76) 330 (84) 56.2 (85) 4.6% (85) 1.6% (84) NIGER 13.2% (84) 18.3% (83) 4.5% (76) 3.0x (83) 0.9% ( 76 ) 24.8 (85) 1.5% (85) 1.1% (847 9.8% (84) 163.4% (80) 80.2% (76) RWANDA 0.1 (85) SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SENEGAL 275.9% (83) 56.7 (85) 2.3% (85) 2.9% (84) 13.8% (84) 380 (84) 274 (76) 32.5% (85) 6.1% ( 76 ) 3.8% (83) SEYCHELLES 2.7 (85) TERRA LEONE 9.2 (85) 0.7% (85) 15.5% (84) 17. 1% (76) 0.7% (84) 4.6% (84) OMALIA 116.8 (85) 15.8% (85) 6.9% (84) 49.2% (84) SOUTH AFRICA 35. 2% (82) 41.9% (76) 139.5% (82) 177.6% (76) ... SUDAN 350.0 (85) 4.4% (85) 1.5% (84) 7.8% (84) SWAZILAND 10.5 (85) 11.9% (79) 17.4% (76) 5.0% (83) 0.9% (76) 16.6% (83) 12.7% (76) 1.6% (85) 310 (84) 237 (76) 260 (84) 138 (76) 2,340 (84) 1.606 (76) 360 (84) 269 (76) 790 (84) 589 (76) 250 (84) 192 (76) 230 (84) 245 (76) 140 (84) 113 (76) 470 (84) 452 (76) 760 (84) 478 (76) 1,1% (84) .... 2.7% (84) 16.0% (84) so 498.3% (83) 8.5 (85) 1.2% (85) 1.0% (84) ANDA 9.0 (85) 0.3% (85) 0.1% (84) IRE 79.3% (81) 63.6% ( 76 ) 759.5% (81) 233.5% (76) 69.4 (85) 2.5% (85) 0.3% (84) 11.2% (84) MBIA 16.6% (84) 7.5% (76) 32.8% (84) 10.6% (76) 33.0% (83) 0.8% (76) 52.4 (85) 2.5% (85) 11.2% (84) > WBABWE 1.9% (84) 1.6% (84) 50,7 (85) 1.1% (85) 6.6% (84) CP SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 578 43.7% & 43.3% & 220.9% & 160.2% & 18.7% & 6.9% & 1402.5 - 2.4% & 1.7% & 10.8% & • • SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), !. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION) • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA" FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 14 21 DEBT GNP PER CAPITA, SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING AS % OF GNP FOREIGN ASSISTANCE AS % OF EXPORTS DEBT SERVICE RATIO TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS US AID $ MILLION US AID AS % GNP NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-ODA AS AX OF GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES 0.1% (84) 3.5% (84) 0.3% (84) 5. 0% (84) 1.6% (84) 13.2% (84) 1. 1% (84) 9.8% (84) 2.9% (84) 13.8% (84) 0.7% (84) 6.9% (84) 4.6% (84) 49.2% (84) 20 ... MAURITIUS 1.090 (64) 662 (76) 14.7% (84) 7.2 (85) MOZAMBIQUE 0.7% (85) 397 (82) 1.0% (76) 311 (76) 38.8 (85) NIGER 0.8% (85) 190 (84) 135 (16) 18 3% (83) 56.2 (85) RWANDA 4.6% (85) 280 (B4) 4.5% (76) 163.4% (80) 151 (76) 3. 0% (83) 24.8 (85) 1.5% (85) SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 80.2% (76) 330 (84) 0.9% (76) 0.1 (85) SENEGAL 380 (84) 275.9% (83) 32.5% (85) 274 (76) 56.7 (85) SEYCHELLES 2.3% (85) 6.1% (76) 3.8% (83) 2.7 (85) TERRA LEONE 310 (84) 237 (76) 15.5% (84) 9.2 (85) 0.7% (85) OMALIA 260 (84) 17.1% (76) 138 (76) 116.8 (85) 15.8% (85) SOUTH AFRICA 2.340 (84) 35.2% (82) 139.5% (82) 1.606 (76) SUDAN 41.9% (76) 177.6% (76) 360 (84) 11.9% (79) 269 (76) 350.0 (85) 4.4% (85) SWAZILAND 17.4% (76) 790 (84) 5.0% (83) 10.5 (85) 1.6% (85) 30 589 (76) 0.9% (76) 250 (84) 498.3% (83) 16.6% (83) 8.5 (65) 1.2% (85) ANDA 192 (76) 12.7% (76) 230 (84) 9.0 (85) 0.3% (85) 245 (76) IRE 140 (84) 79.3% (81) 759.5% (81) 16.6% (84) 69.4 (85) 2.5% (85) 113 (76) MBIA 63.6% (76) 233.5% (76) 7.5% (76) 470 (84) 2.5% (85) 32.8% (84) 52.4 (85) 452 (76) 10.6% (76) 7 WBABWE 1.1% (85) 50.7 (85) 760 (84) 33.0% (83) 0.6% (76) 478 (76) 2.47 10.7% 1402 CP SUMMARY (MRY) 578 43.7% & 220.9% 43.3% 160.2% & (1976) - MISSING - WE I GHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION DEFINITIONS SUMMARY • • SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). FOR INDICATOR AND REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA 1.5% (84) 7.8% (84) 1.0% (84) 2.7% (84) 16.0% (84) 0.1% (84) 0.3% (84) 1.9% (84) 11.2% (O) 11:2% (ani 6.6% (84 6X (84) SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: AFRICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-ODA AS A % OF GNP US AID US AID $ MILLION AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES DEBT GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO GNP PER CAPITA. SUS 0.1% (85) 4.2 (85) 0.1% (84) 0.3% (84) 1.3% (84) 7.4% (84) 2.2% (84) 0.3% (85) 3.3 (85) ANGOLA 1.8 (85) 0.0% (85) 7.7% (84) 102.3% (80) 10.6% (83) 3.2% (76) 29.6% (83) 9.1% (76) 13.7% (84) 6.5% (76) 1.9% (85) 888 (83) 610 (76) 270 (84) 161 (76) 610 (84) 494 (76) 110 (84) 83 (76) BENIN ........ 0.4% (84) 87.4 (85) COTE D'IVOIRE 29.3% (80) 20.0% (76) 283.2% (80) 206.6% (76) 0.0% (84) -0.0% (84) ETHIOPIA 9.7% (84) 0.4% (84) NAMIBIA 9.4 (85) 0.2% (85) 25.7% (84) 3.6% (76) 17.3% (84) 4.4% ( 76 ) 770 (83) 613 (76) 210 (84) 176 (76) NIGERIA 0.1% & 2.6%. TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC 0.2% & ·%& 106.' : on 23.3% & 5.6% & 130.0% & 206.6% & 9.3% & 29.3% 6 20.OX & 1.5% & 671 . 541 . 2.1%. % 1508.6 • NCP SUNTARY (MRY) (1976) REGION SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 19.4% 8 6.7% & 208.4% 161.9% 6 43.2% & 42.3% & 610 . 455 • • SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). I. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 22 REGION: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 2 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP % 1965-190 ) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-19 AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INF LATION 1973-190 GOVERNMENT EXPENDI - TURES AS % GNP ) ) TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT DEBT FINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENO ING AS X GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION BOTSWANA 8.4% (84) 10.7% (73) 9.8% (84) 1.2% (84) 2.9% (73) 10.6% (84) 1.9% (84) 16.4% (79) 14.6% (76) 219 (85) -11 (76) -233 (82) -84 (76) 3.6% (73) -6.4% (83) 12.2% (84) 139 (85) 14 (76) -92 (82) -33 (76) 7.1% (73) 12.8% (84) 21.6% (77) 23.3% (76) 2.6% (83) 3. 1% (76) 2.4% (77) 2.4% (76) 1.8% (84) 1.7% (76) 23.4% (81) 2.7% (76) -7.1% (84) 12.6% (76) 401 (84) 29 (76) 12.6% (84) - 165 (84) -92 (76) BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMEROON 2.9% (84) CAPE VERDE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC -0.1% (84) CHAD 0.7% (73) 13.8% (84) COMOROS 15.8% (81) -5.8% (73) 8.3% (83) -0.6% (83) -25 (84) -6 (76) - 19 (84) -15 (76) -10 (85) CONGO 12.3% (76) 12.3% (76) -31 (84) 5 (76) 7 (84) -5 (76) -14 (85) DJIBOUTI 8. 1% (73) 3.7% (84) -3.6% (83) 12.3% (84) 651 (84) -14 (76) 6.9% (83) EQUATORIAL GUINEA 3.9% (71) 213 (84) -227 (76) - 14.9% (80) GAMBIA, THE -32 (80) GHANA 1.0% (84) -1.9% (84) 10.4% (84) 16 (14) GUINEA -0.9% (73) 52.2% (84) -35 (83) - 16 (76) -36 (85) 89 (76) 25.9% (78) 12.3% ( 76 ) 1.1% (84) GUINEA-BISSAU 3.1% (73) 4.5% (84) -40 (83) - 17 (76) - 166 (85) -74 (76) KENYA 9. 1% (84) 2.1% (84) LESOTHO 4.4% (73) -41 (83) 10.8% (84) -26 (83) 5.9% (84) LIBERIA 5.0% (73) 11.9% (84) 0.5% (84) MADAGASCAR 0.2% (73) 6.7% (84) -1.6% (84) 20.4% (77) 19.8% (76) 51.2% (82) 33.0% (76) 18.2% (74) MALAWI 0.3% (73) 14.4% (84) 10.1% (83) 24.1% (76) 19.0% (84) 8.9% (76) 13.4% (74) 1.7% (84) 6.0% (82) 1. 1% (76) 0.8% (73) MALI -341 (85) -64 (76) - 305 (85) -171 (76) 132 (84) 98 (76) 13 (84) 28 (76) 41 (84) - 17 (76) -77 (84) - 17 (76) -8 (84) -88 (76) -23 (85) 3.3% (73) 9.4% (84) 1.1% (84) -211 (85) - 126 (76) 13 (85) -34 (76) 3 (84) 65 (76) -147 (84) -28 (76) -73 (82) -43 (76) -127 (84) -42 (76) 111 (84) -S4 (76) -26 (05) MAURITANIA 4.1% (73) 10.4% (84) 0.3% (84) MAURITIUS 2.3% (73) 7.7% (84) 2:7% (84) 3.6% (73) 26.6% (83) -0.1% (76) 13.2% (79) 16. 1% (76) 12.7% (84) 11.6% (79) ་བ 23 1965 - 19 > 1973-190 ) INILATION 1973-19 TURES AS X GNP BALANCE SUS MILLION TINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES DET ENSE SPENDING AS X GDP ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION BOTSWANA 8.4% (84) 10.7% (73) BURKINA FASO 9.8% (84) 1.2% (84) 2.9% (73) BURUNDI 10.6% (84) 219 (85) -ff (76) -233 (82) -84 (76) 16.4% (79) 14.6% ( 76 ) 1.9% (84) -6.4% (93) 139 (85) 14 (76) -92 (82) -33 (76) 3.6% (73) CAMEROON 12.2% (84) 2.9% (84) 7.1% (73) CAPE VERDE 12.8% (84) 2.6% (83) 3.1% (76) 2.4% (77) 2.4% (76) 1.8% (84) 1.7% (76) 21.6% (77) 23.3% (76) 23.4% (81) 2.7% (76) -7.1% (04) 12.6% (76) 401 (84) 29 (76) 12.6% (84) - 165 (84) -92 (76) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC -0.1% (84) 0.7% (73) CHAD 13.8% (84) 15.8% (81) -5.8% (73) COMOROS 8.3% (83) -0.6% (83) -25 (84) -6 (76) - 19 (84) - 15 (76) - 10 (85) 12.3% (76) 12.3% (76) -37 (84) 5 (76) 7 (84) -5 (76) -14 (85) CONGO 3.7% (84) 8.1% (73) DJIBOUTI 12.3% (84) -3.6% (83) 651 (84) - 14 (76) 6.9% (83) 3.9% (71) 22 213 (84) - 227 (76) EQUATORIAL GUINEA - 14.9% (80) GAMBIA, THE -32 (80) 1.0% (84) 16 (74) GHANA 10.4% (84) -1.9% (84) -0.9% (73) 52.2% (841 - 35 (83) - 16 (76) - 36 (85) 89 (76) 25.9% (78) 12.3% (76) GUINEA -40 (83) - 17 (76) - 166 (85) -74 (76) 1.1% (84) 3. 1% (73) 4.5% (84) GUINEA-BISSAU 9.1% (84) KENYA -41 (83) -26 (83) 2.1% (84) 4.4% (73) 10.8% (84) LESOTHO 5.9% (84) 5.0% (73) 11.9% (14) LIBERIA 0.2% (73) - 347 (85) -64 (76) - 305 (85) - 171 (76) 132 (84) 08 (76) 13 (84) 28 -211 (85) - 126 (76) 13 (85) -34 (76) 3 (84) 65 (76) - 147 (84) 20.4% (77) 19.8% (76) 51.2% (82) 33.OX (76) 18.2% (74) 6.7% (84). 10. 1% (83) 24.1% (76) 19.0% (84) 8.9% (76) 13. •% (74) 0.5% (84) -1.6% (84) 1.7% (84) 1.1% (84) MADAGASCAR 6.0% (82) 1. 1% (76) 0.8% (73) 0.3% (73) 14,4% (84) MALAWI 8.4% (84) MALI 3.3% (73) 4.1% (73) ..... 10.4% (84) 7.7% (34) 0.3% (84) 2.3% (7) MAURITANIA MAURITIUS SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 2 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) KEGIUN: AFRICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GOP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION 1973-19 AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP X 1965-196) GOVERNMENT EXPENDI - TURES ) AS % GNP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE $US MILLION GOVERNNENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS % GOP GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES TRADE BALANCE $US MILLION ) -36 (76) -43 (76) MOZAMBIQUE 11.5% (84) 5.2% (73) -1.3% (84) NIGER 10.5% (84) 5.4% (73) 2.3% (84) RVANO A 8.3% (84) -1.6% (B4) SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 2.6% (73) 9.0% (84) -0.5% (84) SENEGAL 14.8% (84) 3.4% (83) SEYCHELLES 1.8% (73) 15.4% (84) 0.6% (84) SIERRA LEONE 20.2% (84) 0.7% (80) - 476 (80) 0.7% (76) -20 (76) 1.9% (80) -42 (34) 1.6% (76) 18 (76) -8 (83) -1 (76) 2.5% (83) - 480 (81) -93 (76) -14 (84) -4 (76) -23 (64) -59 (76) -97 (86) - 69 (76) -1.013 (84) -1,873 (76) 152 (85) - 152 (76) -fi (04) 21 (78) 2.3% (84) -113 (85) -27 (76) 10 (81) 43 (76) 2.7% (82) 377 (84) 3.3% (76) -832 (76) - 98 (85) -125 (76) -97 (84) 2.8% (73) -0.8% (83) -69 (82) 24.6% (80) -27 (76) 15.2% (76) -55 (84) 12.0% (80) 10 (76) 15.4% (76) -7 (83) 1 (76) -252 (85) 22.0% (83) - 146 (76) - 69 (84) -30 (76) - 07 (34) -36 (76) -240 (85) - 72 (76) 2. 116 (84) 13.8% (82) - 260 (76) 23.2% (76) - 128 (85) -36 (76) - 79 (84) 38 (76) -19 (85) 7.1% (84) -22 (76) -48 (01) 117 (76) 940 (84) 10.8% (89) - 269 (76) 52.3% ( 76 ) 275 (85) 360 (76) 1R7 (84) SOMALIA 13.2% (84) 2.7% (73) 29.2% (92) 29.7% (76) 1.4% (84) OUTH AFRICA 19.3% (84) 5.5% (73) 1.2% (84) UDAN 14.0% (84) 4, 1% (84) JAZILANO 8.2% (84) 40.9% (79) 0.5% (84) 2.3% (73) GO 64.5% (84) -1.3% (73) 2.9% (84) SANOA 48.2% (84) -1.0% (73) 27.5% (83) 43.7% (76) -1.6% (84) 'AIRE 10.4% (84) 0.4% (73) - 4. 3% (84) 24 --- SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 2 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: AFRICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP % 1965-196) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION 1973-190 GOVERNMENT EXPENDI- TURES AS % GNP TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS % GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION ) 21.1% (78) 2.2% (79) 10.8% (84) 4.6% (73) 1.9% (79) 1.2% (80) 11.7% (84) 31.1% (80) - 156 (79) - 123 (76) 1,482 (85) 574 (76) -384 (84) -59 ( 76 ) -52 (79) -73 (76) 100 (85) -249 (76) - 130 (84) -28 (76) 3.7% (73) 1.9% (74) 4.4% (84) 2.3% (73) 25.4% (80) 19.7% (76) 17.7% (80) 27.5% (76) NAMIBIA NIGERIA 4,256 (85) 2,644 (76) -342 (81) -65 (76) 1.232 (85) -357 (76) - 270 (81) -35 (76) 11.5% (84) 2.6% (73) 24, 1% (81) 25.8% (76) TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC 26.8% (81 23.4% (76) 3.2% (81) 2.9% (76) 0.6% (84) ANGOLA 1.0% (84) BENIN 0.2% (84) COTE D'IVOIRE 0.4% (84) ETHIOPIA 9.6% • 23.9% & 22.2% 6 2.043 & 1,223 & 0.5% e 3.3% 22.1%. 26.4% & 1.8% & 2.9% & 469 - 237 & NCP SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 1.ΟΧΟ 2.8%. 14.6% 603 & 146 & 28. 2% & 27.6% & 11.7% & 19.4% & 3.3% & 2.0% & - 1126 -378 & REGION SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) . ARITHMETIC MEAN, & • VEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA" FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 18 ) 1973-191 TURES AS % GNP BALANCE $US MILLION PRING AS X GOVT EXPENSES DEFENSE SPENDING AS X GOP ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION 10.8% (94) 21.1% (78) 2.2% (79) 1.9% (79) 14.7% (84) 2.3% (73) - 156 (79) - 123 (76) 1.482 (85) 574 (76) -384 (84) -59 (76) 31.1% (BO) 4.4% (84) 1.2% (80) 25.4% (80) 19.7% (76) -52 (79) -73 (76) 100 (85) -249 (76) 130 (84) -28 (76) 17.7% (BO) 27.5% (76) 1.9% (74) 24.1% (81) 25.8% (76) 3.2% (81) 2.9% ( 76 ) 1.232 (38) -357 (76) -270 (61) -35 (76) 4,256 (85) 2,644 (76) TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC 0.6% (84) 2.6% (73) 11.5% (84) 26.8% (81) -342 (81) 23.4% (76) -65 (76) NCP SUMMARY (MRY) 9.6% 23.9% & 2,043 & ( 1976) 22.2% & 1,223 & REGION SUMMARY (MRY) 1.0% 2.8%. 14.6% 28.2% & 603 6 (1976) 27.6% & 1466 • ARITHMETIC MEAN, WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INOICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 1913-19 ANGOLA BENIN 1.0% (84) COTE D'IVOIRE 4.6% (73) 0.2% (84) ETHIOPIA 3.7% (73) 0.4% (84) NAMIBIA NIGERIA 0.5% 3.3% 22.1%. 26.4% & 1.8%. 2.9X & 469 - 237 6 24 11.7% 19.4% & 3.3% 2.0% & - 12 & - 37B & 18 OVERVIEW OF AFRICA 25 . 19 26 AFRICA Category FY 1988 (Reque:t) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 378,875 b/ 320, 880 el 8,460 3,405 370,415 317,475 500,000 212,804 f/g/ 100,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 245,173 c/ 245,173 76,043 dl 212,804 5,300 d/ TOTALS 700, 091 538, 984 600,000 P.L. 480 Title I al Title Il a (Food for Progress) TOTAL 311, 251 160,200 151,051 (8,600] 1,011,342 198, 029 135,000 63,029 (13,100) 737, 013 155,404 106,000 49,404 19,200) 755,404 al Title I excludes $12.7 million 10 FY 1986 and $8.8 million in FY 1987 for ocean freight financing and Title II excludes funding for World Food Program. See Main Volume P.L. 480 tables for country breakout of the World Food Program. b/ Total for Development Assistance includes $39.612 million deobligated FY 1985 funds and $2.117 million deobligated from FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $41.729 million in FY 1986. c/ Total for Economic Support Fund includes $.334 million of deobligated FY 1985 funds and $2.624 million deobligated from FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $2.958 million la FY 1986. d/ Includes $70.581 million for African Famine Supplementaļ and $5.462 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. 97-121) 10 FY 1986 and $5.3 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. 97-121) in FY 1987, 1 el Total for Development Assistance does not include $7.247 million in local cost support. El Total for ESF includes $3.115 million in local cost support. 8! The FY 1987 Economic Support Fund total includes $50 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request (see supplemental annex for details). 20 26 27 CA 1. African Development Progress Category lopment Assistance oan PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 378,875 b/ 320,880 el 8,460 3,405 370,415 317,475 FY 1988 (Requei . rant In the aftermath of the severe African drought of 1985, world has focused on Sub-Saharan Africa's growth potential and devel problems. In the Congressional Presentation for FY 1987, ve a some of the problems of previous years and offered an aggress program that would complement lodigenous African efforts. The program, which emphasizes economic stabilization and refora, agricultural production, and human resources development, rem- track. lopment Fund 500,000 omic Support Fund an 212,804 f/8/ 100,000 ant 245,173 c/ 245,173 76,043 dl 212,804 5,300 d TOTALS 700,091 538, 984 We believe that aot only will A.I.D.'a African development at become increasingly effective, but also that our efforts to that program will be greatly enhanced by the enactment of the Developuent Fund for Africa (DFA). In addition to eliminati functional accounts, which will lacrease programming flexibi: Development Fund for Africa will signal a special U.S. conni assisting our African frienda in their quest for a solution Sub-Saharan Africa's unique development problems. 600,000 180 a/ e il a for Progress) TOTAL 311, 251 160,200 151,051 (8,600) 1,011,342 198,029 135,000 63,029 (13,100] 737,013 155, 404 106,000 49,404 19,200) 755,404 with the exception of a handful of nations, any country in Africa can lose the momentum of positive growth in a matter Drought and its impact on agrarian economies as well as ince oll prices or the real cost of credit have powerful repercu the Sub-Sahara since the protective cushions of food reserv resources, fiscal stability and a diverse labor pool are no la soat of Africa. tle I excludes $12.7 million 10 FY 1986 and $8.8 million in FY 1987 cean freight financing and Title II excludes funding for World Food See Main Volume P.L. 480 tables for country breakout of the World Progran. ral for Development Assistance includes $39.612 million deobligated funds and $2.117 million deobligated from FY 1986 for a total gation of $41.729 million in FY 1986. al for Economic Support Fund includes $.334 million of deobligated FT unds and $2.624 million deobligated from FY 1986 for a total zation of $2.958 million 10 FY 1986. Catastrophic changes can be brought about by a lack of raio of locusts, or an interruption la land transportation link la the world are so many people held captive by circumstan their control, and nowhere in the world has the potential reversal in the current situation been more dramatically d During the past two years, we have continually re-examined developmental efforts in Africa -- - from the standpoint of donor community and African recipients. The results conf recent progran emphasis based on a mix of basic human nee targeted policy reforms is correct. Our F 1988 program continued als of project and non-project assistance to co country efforts. It is la portant to ensure that sufficie are available to allow committed African nations to exerc control of their own destinies. Eudes $70.581 million for African Famine Supplemental and $5.462 for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. 97-121) 10 FY d $5.3 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. in FY 1987. I for Development Assistance does not include $7.247 million 10 ist support. II. Stimulating Economic Growth and Development for ESF includes $3.115 million in local cost support. Our FY 1988 program, in addition to supporting ongoing e reemphasise food self-rellance (1.6., supplying food nee Y 1987 Economic Support Fund total includes $50 million for the FY plemental request (see supplemental annex for details). 21 20 28 combination of local production and commercial purchases). We will support those nations seeking growth with equity and the increased Involvement of the private sector in the developmental process. Our focus will encourage Africans to devote more attention to the kinds of programs that will result in self-reliance, rather than on the short-term relief efforts that have characterized a large share of the assistance programs of all donors since the 1984-1985 drought. Such relief programs, while necessary, have required an inordinate share of the meager resources available to African planners who are trying to fund long-term growth investments, The effort to ensure freedom from fear of food shortages will continue to be accompanied by an aggressive and coordinated program of traditional project and program support with considerable emphasis on policy reform. We believe such a program will facilitate the entire donor community's work with African countries, complement official government assistance efforts, and provide the continuing support and franework necessary for long-term growth. A. Current Status Report: Where Are We Now? In the 1984/1985 crop year, Sub-Saharan Africa reeled from food shortages unparalleled in recent history. As a result, ongoing reform efforts were sometimes diverted due to emergency considerations, and developmental dreams were supplanted by harsh survival realities. Nonetheless, the need for reform has never been more widely recognized both within Africa and among the international donor community. In the 1985/1986 and 1986/1987 crop years, coarse grain availabilities have increased. Concomitantly, reform efforts have gained wide acceptance throughout the sub-continent. For example, fertilizer subsidies have been reduced or eliminated in Senegal, Malawi, Zambia and Madagascar; and parastatals have been turned over to the private sector in Sierra Leone, Burundi, Guinea and Tanzania. These are only a few of the progressive changes being made throughout Africa. However, gross imbalances remain throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. In Sudan, a nation which produced a million metric ton cereal grain excess last year, the donor community was called upon to supply emergency food in western Sudan while there were large surpluses in the eastern part of the country. The Sudanese called upon the world community for help because they lacked the means to transport food across their own country. Internal transportation difficulties plague Tanzania and Mozambique, in the latter due partly to civil strife. 1 In Southern Africa, an area which has struggled to become more food self-rellant, food problems could return overnight. If the expatriate workforce currently in South Africa is expelled, families of workers 22 28 29 living in countries such as Lesotho will no longer have the re available to buy their food needs. In addition, the supply 1 moving emergency food supplies could be blocked as a result o strife. B. Prospects For The Future: Where Are We Golag? combination of local production and commercial purchases). We will support those nations seeking growth with equity and the locreased involvement of the private sector lo the developmental process. Our focus will encourage Africans to devote more attention to the kinds of programs that will result 18 self-reliance, rather than on the short-term relief efforts that have characterized a large share of the assistance programs of all donors since the 1984-1985 drought. Such relief programs, while necessary, have required an inordinate share of the meager resources available to African planners who are trying to fund long-ten growth Investments. The effort to ensure freedom from fear of food shortages will continue to be accompanied by an aggressive and coordinated program of traditional project and program support with considerable eaphasis on policy reform. We believe such a program will facilitate the entire donor community's work with African countries, complement official governaent assistance efforts, and provide the continuing support and framework necessary for long-term growth. Although harvests have been very good for the past two years capita cereal availabilities have_merely returned to pre-drou levels. For the long term, food availability 18 becoming mo problematic each year. Stunted marketing systems, populatio- increasing debt, environmental degradation, migration patter civil conflict steadily decrease the capacity of African far feed the continent. Africans must intensify efforts to solv food problems now. Fortunately, the 1985/1986 and 1986/1987 crop year harvests bountiful, and Africa has been given a reapite allowing the to devote its full attention to development concerns. A. Current Status Report: Where Are We Now? In the 1984/1985 crop year, Sub-Saharan Africa reeled from food shortages unparalleled in recent history. As a result, ongoing refon efforts were sometimes diverted due to energency considerations, and developmental dreams were supplanted by harsh survival realities. Nonetheless, the need for reform has never been more widely recognized Both within Africa and among the International donor community. However, by early in the 21st century, given existing popul growth rates, Sub-Saharan Africa's current population of 42 people will reach 700 million people, and by 2025, if curre continue, the population will be 1.5 billion people. Prov and services for this increasing number of people will bec more difficult to coming years due to the inability to eit or buy needed commodities. en the 1985/1986 and 1986/1987 crop years, coarse grain availabilities ave increased. concomitantly, reform efforts have gained wide cceptance throughout the sub-continent. For example, fertilizer ubsidies have been reduced or eliminated in Senegal, Malawi, Zambia nd Madagascar; and parastatals have been turned over to the private octor in Sierra Leone, Burundi, Guinea and Tanzania. These are only : w of the progressive changes being made throughout Africa, The current debt burden 18 a na for problem in many African In 1986, Liberia, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zambia have all bee Brooke amendment sanctions for their inability to remains their debt obligations to the United States while Madagas Zambia, Zaire, and Guinea have rescheduled their debts. Equally alarning 18 the impact of environmental degradati continent's ability to increase food availabilities. De E wind and soil erosion, as well as the encroaching desert all augur for a bleak future with regard to the productie the area. wever, gross imbalances remain throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Sudan, a nation which produced a million netric ton cereal gralo ress last year, the donor community was called upon to supply ?rgency food in western Sudan while there were large surpluses in | eastern part of the country. The Sudanese called upon the world munity for help because they lacked the means to transport food oss their own country. Internal transportation difficulties plague zania and Mozambique, in the latter due partly to civil strife. Finally, we are seeing that more and more people in rura unable to make ends meet and are moving to urban concent meager employment opportunities or for access to relief Often they quickly become part of the growing dependent that are of particular concern for plannera. Experience food shortfalls are much more immediate, as well as more urban residents than for rural farmera. Southern Africa, an area which has struggled to become more food -reliant, food problems could return overnight. If the expatriate force currently in South Africa 18 expelled, families of workers The combination of population growth, environmental deg urban migration has accelerated the urgency of supporti 23 22 30 developmental programs using all the project and non-project Instruments at our disposal. III. U.S. Foreigo Assistance Program For FY 1988 To meet the funding demands necessitated by the unique development situation in Africa, A.I.D. 18 requesting the creation of the Development Fund for Africa to replace the traditional functional account diviaions. The Development Fund for Africa will encompass all of A.I.D.'s FY 1988 Development Assistance activities as well as most of the activities previously funded with Economic Support Fuads. The total request for the Development Fund for Africa 19 $500,000,000. Our Economic Support Fund request will be limited to $100,000,000. In addition, we will be seeking $106,000,000 lo P.L. 480 Title I assistance and $77,107,000 in P.L. 480 Title II support. A. The Development Fund for Africa The Development Fund for Africa responds directly to the need for change as defined by the African community. This was outlined in May 1986 during the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on the Critical Economic Situation in Africa. The most notable aspect of the U.N. meeting was the unique degree of unanimity among African leaders with regard to their prognosis for the future and the developmental changes needed to produce positive African growth. African development must be led by Africans. It must encompass massive economic and financial policy reform which fosters market-based development. It must seek to stabilize chaotic economic imbalances and reduce the burden of massive debt. And, most importantly, it must offer the potential for real growth that will keep Investment capital on the continent and Africa's future leadership working at hone. We have been adapting and refining our assistance since 1981 to the realities of Africa's growing crisis. The elimination of functional accounts from A.I.D.'s Sub-Saharan African assistance program should allow for more flexibility in programming while facilitating a better response to development needs as defined by African leaders. We will be able to continue agriculture, health, population, child survival, education and environmental activities while stressing private sector and policy reform efforts. The U.S. will be able to offer more flexible support to those countries which are making a significant commitment to policy reforms. We are requesting that resources made available under the Development Fund for Africa remain available until expended. This will increase our negotiating leverage by enabling us to hold out the firm possibility of these funds until acceptable conditionality 18 negotiated. 24 30 31 B. De fining A.1.D.'s Assistance Strategy developmental programs using all the project and non-project Instruments at our disposal. III. U.S. Foreign Assistance Program For FY 1988 To meet the funding demands necessitated by the unique developaent situation in Africa, A.I.D. 18 requesting the creation of the Development Fund for Africa to replace the traditional functional account divisions. The Development Fund for Africa will encompass all of A.I.D.'s FY 1988 Development Assistance activities as vell as sost of the activities previously funded with Economic Support Funds. The total request for the Development Fund for Africa 18 $500,000,000. Our Economic Support Fund request will be limited to $100,000,000. I addition, we will be seeking $106,000,000 10 P.L. 480 Title I assistance and $77,107,000 in P.L. 480 Title II support. The major long-term objective of our assistance is to help African countries initiate and sustain market-led economic growth that allows them to attain food self-reliance and more equitable developmental progress. The major pieces of the strategy are: economic stabilizatio and reform, agricultural development and human resources development. In recognition of the diversity of conditions in Africa, A.I.D.'s assistance programs are tailored to the specific needs of individual countries. In general, our programs support economic policy reforms to create incentives for growth and to enable African farmers as well as businessmen to play a more dynamic market role. At the same time, they help develop the technologies, Institutions and human capital required for productive employment and sustained growth. 1. The Development Fund for Africa the Development Fund for Africa responds directly to the need for hange as defined by the African community. This was outlined in May 986 during the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on the ritical Economic Situation in Africa. The most notable aspect of the .N. beeting was the unique degree of unanimity among African leaders 1th regard to their prognosis for the futute and the developmental hanges needed to produce positive African growth. Over the past years we have been rethinking and refining this strateg based on a better understanding of Africa's crisis, our own experien with different assistance programs and modalities, and coordination with other donors. We have made policy reform the cornerstone of ou strategy and have moved to focus our assistance on key countries and specific problens. C, Economic Restructuring African governments speak with a unified voice with regard to the ne to bring about fundamental restructuring of their economies and institutional systems if they are to restore balance in their exter accounts, public finances, domestic markets, and in the roles of the state and the private sector. frican development must be led by Africans. It must encompass sassive conomic and financial policy refors which fosters narket-based velopment, It must seek to stabilize chaotic economic imbalances id reduce the burden of massive debt. And, most importantly, it must fer the potential for real growth that will keep Investment capital the continent and Africa's future leadership working at home. have been adapting and reflning our assistance since 1981 to the 111ties of Africa's growing crisis. The elimination of functional ounts from A.I.D.'s Sub-Saharan African assistance progran should low for vore flexibility in programming while facilitating a better poase to development needs as defined by African leaders. We will able to continue agriculture, health, population, child survival, ration and environmental activities while stressing private sector policy reforu efforts. The U.S. vill be able to offer more ible support to those countries which are making a significant 1tment to policy reforms. for years. A.I.D. has been supporting econonic restructuring activities throug ESF and P.L. 480 Title I assistance - as well as through some Developmental Assistance More recently, we have introduced the ESF funded African Economic Policy Reform Program (AEPRP) to support selected countries showing an interest in undertaking policy reform efforts. The breadth of the reform effor sponsored under AEPRP gives an indication of how we target our assistance for policy refor. te requesting that resources made available under the Development for Africa remain available until expended. This will increase Legotiating leverage by enabling us to hold out the firm bility of these funds until acceptable conditionality 18 Hated. of primary importance has been the effort in agricultural marketin 11beralization. In many African nations, the responsibility for agricultural markets -- both for the distribution of agricultural laputs as well as the sales of harvested production has rested solely with government entities. The result has been been costly cumbersome distribution systems that drain limited governmental resources along with artificially low prices that stifle agricult production. Recently, however, in Zambia, producer prices have b raised, fertilizer subsidies have been decreased and additional private competition has been encouraged. The initial result has 69-533 0 - 87 - 2 24 25 32 lacreased production with less government lavolvement. In Guinea, ve have sponsored reform measures to eliminate price controls and to move the marketing of agricultural loputs to the private sector. We have also been working with several African governments in trade reforms to reduce licensing requirements, tariffs and government regulation of trade. In Senegal, Zaire, Togo and Mauricius, this will result la lacreased availabilities of consumer and capital goods, as well as more competitive domestic products competing in foreign markets. Two other reform activities sponsored under the AEPRP program include civil service reforn in Mall and private sector development in Rwanda. The program in Mali is expected to see a reduction in the number of people on government rolls as well as the government's divestiture of laefficient parastatal organizations. In Rwanda, we are naklag $2 million available to support policy studies, and will supply seed money for Rwandan entrepreneurs. A.I.D. has also been sponsoring new reform-oriented and innovative programs with Economic Support Funds not associated with the ARPRP program. In Zambia, a foreign currency auction has served to make foreign exchange available at a market cost to bolster private sector production and commodity laporte. In Kenya, we have aupported the privatization of fertilizer distribution which has resulted in a more efficient, affordable and effective system of moving agricultural Inputs to farmers. In Senegal, A.I.D. has negotiated reform efforts resulting in private sector control of rice importation and discontinuation of fixed-price marketing of agricultural production. In Niger, we have been financing broad reform efforts in both agriculture and health which make both nore affordable and efficient. Similar kinds of reforms have been associated with commodity inport programs in Zaire as well as other P.L. 480 Title I recipients throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. D. Agricultural Development In agriculture, A.I.D.'s basic objective remains to help Africans achieve a reliable food supply through a blend of lacreased food production, market 11beralization, and more efficient food handling and storage. A key component of our strategy 16 the support for agricultural structural reforms such as pricing, market 11beralization and the privatization of parastatals. 1 Agricultural research to provide needed technology continues to be our highest priority in Africa. Much of our support for agricultural research 18 directed through a farming system orientation which seeks to address development constralats throughout the production process. In Gambia, we have made the Agriculture Research and Diversification 26 33 32 luction with less governacat lavolvement. In Guinea, ve E refora measures to ellalnate price controls and to move of agricultural inputs to the private sector. een working with several African governaents in trade uce licensing requirements, tariffs and government trade. In Senegal, Zaire, Togo and Mauritius, this will eased availabilities of consumer and capital goods, as bmpetitive donestic products competing in foreiga project, a major farming systems effort, the centerpiece of our country portfolio. Farming systems research projects are also active in Zaire, Zambia and Liberla. In addition, we have major agricultural projecte under way in Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Swaziland, Zambia, Botswana and Rwanda. Concurrently, we are strengthening schools of agriculture in Kenya and Cameroon, as well as improving agricultural faculties through participant training activities. in activities sponsored under the AEPRP progran include efona in Mall and private sector development in Rwanda. Mali is expected to see a reduction in the aumber of naent rolls as well as the government's divestiture of astatal organizations. In Rwanda, we are making $2 le to support policy studies, and will supply seed money repreneurs. We do not believe that every country needs or can support a large and comprehensive research program. In many cases, fundamental research 18 more appropriately suited for international agricultural research centers. Thus, we will continue to support the research of several international centers throughout Africa as well as use the resources of u.s. Mtle XII institutions on specific problems. Of particular interest is the development and testing of improved seed varieties and agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides, and water management methodologies. been sponsoring new reform-oriented and innovative Conoaic Support Funds aot associated with the AEPRP bia, a foreign currency auction has served to make available at a market cost to bolster private sector oamodity laporta. In Kenya, ve have supported the fertilizer distribution which has resulted in a more dable and effective system of moving agricultural We have found throughout Africa that often the dissemination of technology is quicker and better through informal or private sector channels than through formal or governmental means. If high-yield seeds are developed, or appropriate pesticides are made available, African farmers will use then and use them effectively. Of particula Interest is our emphasis on getting technology to wonen, as they are the major agricultural producers in much of Africa. Another key element to our agricultural emphagia 18 the support for market 110ks development. This includes both fostering policies conducive to Laproved trade as well as creating, rehabilitating and maintaining appropriate physical and market infrastructure. ), has negotiated reforu efforts resulting in private rice laportation and discontinuation of fixed-price cultural production. In Niger, we have been financing rts in both agriculture and health which make both od efficient. Slailar kinds of reforms have been ommodity laport programs in Zaire as well as other recipients throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, it has become increasingly clear that the improved manageme of Africa's natural resources, especially land, water and trees for fuelwood, must be an integral part of our agricultural assistance efforts. The depletion of soils, deforestation, and poor land management are having a major long-term negative impact on Africa's agricultural future. velopment I.D.'s basic objective remains to help Africans food supply through a blend of increased food 11beralization, and more efficient food handling e component of our strategy 18 the support for ural reforms such as pricing, market liberalization on of parastatals. We are currently focusing on four major area of concentration: agroforestry, soil and water conservation, fuelwood management, and energy. In Senegal, the $10.0 million Reforestation Project will mobilize local and private resources for treeplanting. The Ruhenge Resources Analysis and Management project in Rwanda 18 working with local farmers to reduce soil erosion and improve watershed stabilit within an environmentally sensitive water-ghed. In Sudan the $4.6 million Renewable Energy project has used a combination of U.S. do resources and local currency to promote both the production and conservation of fuelwood resources through local institutions and non-governmental organizations. The Africa Regional Energy Projec continues to expend funds working directly with African government h to provide needed technology continues to be our Africa. Much of our support for agricultural through a farming system orientation which seeks nt constraints throughout the production process. ade the Agriculture Research and Diversification 27 26 34 1 help demonstrate and dissealdate self-sustaining public and private sector Initiatives directed at de forestation, oil laport dependence, Loefficieat energy use, and the retarded development of indigenous African energy resources. In addition, we are sponsoring activities to learn more about trenda and effects of changes in datural resource and energy availabilities and their lapact on the quality of life for Africans. Our regionally funded repote sensing activities and famine early warning efforts allow us to provide short-term assistance as well as indicate the programmatic focus for long-term solutions. Our interest in the quality of life in not confined to the human experience. In the area of biological diversity, we have over 30 activities related directly to Section 119 of the Foreign Assistance Act, which in FY 1986 totaled about $6.0 million. Some examples of the kinds of activities we are currently funding include the loventory of endangered species in the Bururi forest area of Burundi, protecting the black rhino of Zimbabwe, environmental education La Swaziland, and 4 project with the World Wildlife Pund U.S. to inventory the animal 11fe in the Beza Mahafaly Reserve lo Madagascar. Many of our activities are funded through P.L. 480 generated local currency. of particular importance lo making sure that we keep up-to-date on trends and conditions in Africa are A.I.D.'s relations with private and voluntary organizations working throughout the continent. Although the contribution of private and voluntary organizations 18 often confined to projects when one considers their relationship to A.1.D.'s program in Africa, of equal interest is the daily contact, Information sharing, and feedback in the field, as well as seminars and working groups here in the United States which they provide. Our recent cooperative efforts relating to the drought are clear examples of the effectiveness of this union. E. Human Resource Development Africa has the highest population growth rate, the highest infant mortality rate, and the lowest literacy rate of any region in the world. The problems of malnutrition, disease, and ignorance significantly thwart realization of the region's growth potential. A.I.D. has been a partner of long standing with African nations la their effo: :8 to improve human resources and basic human needs in Africa. Although we place a major emphasis on policy reforn and structural adjustment, the maintenance of a system that allows growth with equity 18 of critical importance to U.S. efforts in Africa. One of the primary areas of concern in Africa is population growth. During the past several years, an increasing number of African nations have egun taking a serio Interest lo population growth and its 28 35 34 impact on the development process. Although we are planning bilateral development activities in 38 Sub-Saharan African countries, of particular interest is the proposed long-term regionally funded population project being considered for Nigeria. With a population in excess of 100 million people, Nigeria represents about one-quarter of the population in Sub-Saharan Africa. ve 'ate and dissealaate self-sustaining public and private atives directed at deforestation, oil luport dependence, nergy use, and the retarded development of Indigenous y resources. we are sponsoring activities to learn more about trends f changes in natural resource and energy availabilities act on the quality of life for Africans. Our regionally sensing activities and fanine early warning efforts rovide short-ten assistance as well as indicate the focus for long-ten solutions. Centrally funded programs are currently active and supporting the provision of contraceptives, commodities, technical assistance and training in Nigeria. The new project will put a major emphasis on tighter management systems and should increase the impact of the goods and services now available. We see a significant unmet demand for family planning services in Nigeria which we believe can be reached by a more effective and focused service delivery system. of equal importance with population 18 the improvement of health care and effective child survival activities. We are currently exploring ways to support more health care provided through the private sector ensure that services, once available, would continue to be affordable An example of one such activity can be seen in Ghana where the manufacture and distribution of oral rehydration salts have been take out of government and are now carried out in the private sector. 's the quality of life in not confined to the human in the area of biological diversity, we have over 30 ated directly to Section 119 of the Foreign Assistance FY 1986 totaled about $6.0 million. Some examples of ctivities we are currently funding include the inventory species in the Bururi forest area of Burundi, protecting o of Zimbabwe, environmental education in Swaziland, and the World Wildlife Fund U.S. to inventory the animal za Mahafaly Reserve la Madagascar. Many of our funded through P.L. 480 generated local currency. mportance to making sure that we keep up-to-date on 1tions in Africa are A.I.D.'s relations with private rganizations working throughout the continent. atribution of private and voluntary organizations 18 to projects when one considers their relationship to • in Africa, of equal interest 18 the daily contact, ring, and feedback in the field, as well as seminars 1ps here in the United States which they provide. Our Ive efforts relating to the drought are clear examples ness of this union. In addition, A.I.D. continues to work with several African nations an the Centers for Disease Control in establishing child survival programs. These programs include immunizations and the provision of oral rehydration salts, as well as maternal and child health and nutrition education. Since 1981, the regionally funded African Chil Survival Initiative has been working in 14 countries and has immuniz 8.3 million children against childhood diseases as well as two mill! women against tetanus. We are currently increasing support for maja child survival programs in Kenya, Niger, Sudan and Nigeria. In education, we continue to support primary, secondary and college level training and institutional support as well as vocational and non-formal educational efforts. A.I.D.'s participant training prog has had a major impact on development in Africa. We will continue support participant training efforts through bilateral efforts and regional activities such as the Human Resource Development project addition, in the Sahel region, by emphasizing shorter tern trainin Francophone countries, we will be increasing the number of partici and hopefully be able to include more women. e Development 1ghest population growth rate, the highest infant and the lowest literacy rate of any region in the lens of malnutrition, disease, and ignorance rart realization of the region's growth potential. partner of long standing with African nations la laprove human resources and basic human needs in we place a major emphasis on policy reform and sent, the maintenance of a system that allows growth critical importance to U.S. efforts in Africa. areas of concern in Africa 18 population growth. veral years, an lacreasing number of African nations 1 serious interest in population growth and its With regard to bilateral educational activities, we continue to su a multi-faceted program in Botswana which includes both formal ane non-formal training opportunities. In Cameroon and Swaziland, we na jor support programs for primary educational development. In Lesotho and Zaire, our human resource development projects cover formal and non-formal training efforts. 29 28 36 Ia all of our buman resource development activities, we are putting lacreasing emphasis on the private sector for the delivery of services. Given the high cost of supplying such services from public resources, and the limited tax base in most African nations, we believe that the only way for many services to be available on a continuing basis 18 through user fees. IV. Food Assistance and Development In recent years, we have been exploring several different ways to Increase the developmental impact of food assistance. Some of these ideas include the use of local currency proceeds associated with P.L. 480 Title I sales for support of development activities. In chronically food deficit nations, A.I.D. has negotiated multi-year P.L. 480 Ntle II (Section 206) agreements which make food available to those in need and provide funds to support needed policy reform activities Most receatly, we have carried out two na jor Food for Progress agreements in Guinea and Madagascar where policy reform concerns were addressed and private sector development has been encouraged. Each program provides 30,000 metric tons of rice and covers the cost of ocean freight. The primary policy concern will be the promotion of open and competitive markets for rice. It 18 hoped that this privatization will also be applied to other foodstuffs and consumer goods. Both our P.L. 480 Title II (Section 206) programs and Food Por Progress activities are made available on a grant basis. These and Blailar programg may be expanded in the future. We see the benefits of these kinds of food programs as three fold: the food itself; the Inhibition of further debt growth; and, in the short-term, the respite fron food worries which will allow African leaders to maintain their concentration on development policies and programs. We are always mind ful that the provision of large amounts of grant food to Africa could be a dangerous precedent, and we are careful to guard against the tendency of recipient nations to leave the provision of adequate food commodities to the donor community on a permanent basis. In addition, we are concerned about dependency at the distribution point, and will review along with other concems, the need for monetization of food resources in accordance with current law. 1 1 At the same time, there is an opportunity more than ever before to have food assistance take its place along side the other project and non-project resources available lo support of African development. V. Requirements for Growth in Africa There are five major tests for an economic growth strategy in Africa: 30 37 36 It must represent a truly long-term commitment from both the donors and the Africans, and take the foem of a mature development partnership; · human resource development activities, ve are putting phasis on the private sector for the delivery of services. h cost of supplying such services from public resources, ed tax base in most African nations, we believe that the sany services to be available on a continuing basis 18 fees. It must allow the cooperating governments to get through their cash and political crises as austerity measures hit hone; Reform must proceed at a pace that, although meaningful, is not politically destabilizing; stance and Development -8, ve have been exploring several different ways to levelopmental impact of food assistance. Some of these the use of local currency proceeds associated with I sales for support of development activities. od deficit nations, A.I.D. has negotiated multi-year II (Section 206) agreements which make food available to and provide funds to support needed policy reform It must sustain and reward performance, while penalizing the lack of it; and, The donor community must speak with one voice and work to common purpose within a common structure for development. Adherence to these principles will be difficult, but not impossible a we have carried out two major Food For Progress uinea and Madagascar where policy refore concerns were private sector development has been encouraged. Bach 9 30,000 metric tons of rice and covers the cost of The primary policy concern will be the promotion of 1tive markets for rice. It 18 hoped that this 111 also be applied to other foodstuffs and consumer Perhaps the most difficult task confronting the donor community is making coordination a reality. The United States is not the major donor in Africa, although it does provide over 50% of food aid assistance. If we are to achieve our goals, we must ensure that on developmental ideas are mirrored in the donor community. An immediate concern is the further refinement and coordination of U.S. Government efforts in Africa. We will attempt to tie develop resources, food commodities and other trade and commercial program Identifiable common goals. In addition, we will work closely with other donors including the World Bank and other international organizations to ensure that the donor efforts can achieve their maximum impact. 30 Mtle II (Section 206) programs and Food Por les are made available on a grant basis. These and may be expanded in the future. We see the benefits f food programs as three fold: the food itself; the rther debt growth; and, in the short-term, the respite 3 which will allow African leaders to maintain their development policies and programs. dful that the provision of large amounts of grant uld be a dangerous precedent, and we are careful to tendency of recipient nations to leave the provision commodities to the donor community on a permanent on, we are concerned about dependency at the :, and will review along with other concerns, the ion of food resources in accordance with current lav. there 18 an opportunity more than ever before to ce take its place along side the other project and es available in support of African development. Growth in Africa i teste for an economic growth strategy in Africa: 31 30 88 AFRICA Summary of PY 1986 Reobligations of PY 1985 and PY 1986 Deobligations by country Y (Actual) Country Account Botswana ARDN (G) EHRD (G) ESP (G) 811, 555 383,000 2,837,000 Burkina Faso EHRD (G) SDP (G) 527,000 4,291,000 Cameroon ARDN (G) 595,000 Cape Verde SDP (G) 587,000 Kenya ARDN (G) POP (G) EHRD (G) SDA (G) ESF (G) 2,234,178 1,672,341 65,593 57,359 86,901 Liberia ARDN (G) HE (G) 509,741 140,000 Senegal SDP (6) 285,000 Somalia ARDN (G) (G) 1,500,000 3,100,000 HE Sudan ARDN (G) 12,791,892 Swaziland ARDN (G) POP (G) HE (G) EHRD (G) ESF (G) 339,000 35,000 83,000 1,188,000 11,000 Uganda ARDN (G) 5,482,800 Zaire ARDN (G) 700,000 Sahel Regional SDP (G) 2,557,000 Southern Africa Regional ESP (G) 23,000 Africa Regional SDA (G) 1,793,681 TOTAL 44,687,041 1/ Above availabilities are included in country funding totals in the country narratives which follow. 32 38 39 AFRICA Botswana Sussy of 1986 Reobligations of FT 1985 and H 1986 DeoBllgations by Country 1! (Actual) County Account Botswana ARDN (G) EHRD (G) ESF (G) 811,555 383,000 2,837,000 Burkina Faso EHRD (G) SDP (G) 527,000 4,291,000 Cameroon ARDN (G) 595,000 Cape Verde SDP (G) 587,000 Kenya 33 ARDN (G) POP (G) EHRD (G) SDA (G) ESP (G) 2,234,178 1,672,341 65,593 57,359 86,901 Liberia ARDN (G) HE (G) 509,741 140,000 Senegal SDP (G) 285,000 Somalia ARDN (G) HE (G) 1,500,000 3,100,000 udan ARDN (G) 12,791,892 waziland ARDN (G) POP (G) HE (G) EHRD (G) ESF (G) 339,000 35,000 83,000 1,188,000 11,000 anda ARDN (G) 5,482,800 re ARDN (G) 700,000 el Regional SDP (G) 2,557,000 hern Africa Regional ESF (G) 23,000 ca Regional SDA (G) 1,793,681 TOTAL 44,687,041 bilities are included in country funding e country narratives which follow. 32 40 FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (633) BOTSWANA •FOREIGN TRADE BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 1, 110 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )DIAMONDS . CATTLE ANIMAL PRODUCTS (DOLLARS, 1984) 960 EXPORTS TO U.S. PER CAPITA GR. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 40 (1984) 03 (1985) 27 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GN GROVTH RATE.. ( 1965-84) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 7% (1984) 8% (1985) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)FOODSTUFFS , VEHICLES .TEXTILES NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1971) IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) (1984) 20 (1985) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1963) 1% (1984) 4% (1985) MALE 54.7 FEMALE 60.7 TOTAL 57.8 (1986) MALE 49.1 FEMALE 55.4 TOTAL 52.2 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)(1983) 25(84) (1970) 94(85) 210 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1971) TOTAL MALE 37% FEMALE 44% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM , ZIMBABWE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 31.7% AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)... (1984) 33 AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 5.6% *SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF COP. ( 1984) 6% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.1% (1978) 5.1% (1986) 3.5% POPULATION DENSITY / SO KW OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 2 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 10% ( 1986) 28% TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. YEAR .(1970) 7 ARABLE LAND ( 1986) MAJOR CROP(S) 7 SUBSISTENCE : SORGHUN ,LIVESTOCK ,MILLET 10% (1965) CASH: CATTLE , SORCHUN . CORN (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1984) 13% 28.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) MEATS ,HIDES AND SKINS ,OIL SEEDSPOPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 48.9% (15-64YRS) 47.4% (65 YRS) 3.77 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1988) CORN WEAT RAW SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 68 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( 1980) 78% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1983) 9, 250 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE C .) ..) ( ) DEATH..( .) : : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) ..(.) (.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) 92% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ) C.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1975) 45% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. % ( % (.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : X % ( ) . X PRIMARY. (1981) TOTAL 105 MALE 97.2 FEMALE 113 SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL 17.9 MALE FEMALE 18.3 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS ENO OF PERIOO, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL MALE FEMALE 0.6 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1963) 396 (84) 474 (86) 785 EQUIVALENT TO 13.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 34 AS OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES:: 1 :} :: 41 ICO! X9 27 TS (1983) 7% (1984) 8% (1985) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )FOODSTUFFS VEHICLES , TEXTILES NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1971) IMPORTS FRON U.S. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) (1986) 4 (1904) 20 (1985) (1970) TOTAL $7.8 MALE 64.7 FEMALE 60.7 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 1% (1984) TOTAL 52.2 4% (1985) MALE 49.1 FEMALE 56.4 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1971) TRADE BALANCE (8 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 25(84) 94(85) 210 TOTAL 41% MALE 37% FEMALE TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDON , ZIMBABWE •AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 31.7% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, % (S MILLIONS, U.S.)... (1984) 33 AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP.. .(1984) • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KW OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1963) 2 POPULATION GROWTH RATE ..(1970) 2.1% (1978) 5.1% (1986) 3.5% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 10% MAJOR CROP(S) (1986) 28X ARABLE LAND YEAR SUBSISTENCE : SORGHUN ,LIVESTOCK ,NILLET 10% TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 7 (1985) (1986) CASH: CATTLE SORGHUN . CORN 7 13% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1984) 20.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) MEATS ,HIDES AND SKINS ,OILSEEDSPOPULATION (1906) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) CORN, WHEAT , RAW SUGAR (0-14YRS) 46.9% (15-64YRS) 47.4% (65 YRS) 3.77 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) ...... (1980) 78% •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1963) 9.250 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE ( ..) DEATH. : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDINO (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) ..(.) C.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. 92% ( 1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY ( 1975) C.) • O.) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. FEMALE :3 ( 1901) TOTAL 10. 97.2 MALE AS X OP ON X PRIMARY... SECONDARY (1001) MALE TOTAL .. POST SECONO ARY (1000) TOTAL OrrICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES GROSS HOLDINGS ENO OF PERIOD 474 (2) 705 (MILLIONS. 0.3.) (1903) LOUIVALENT TO 13.0 MONTHS OP IMPORTS (1006) 40 { () {:} :: GROUP L. 7.9 MALE FEMALE FEMALE (0) DOC CONSORTION ENERGY PRODUCTION AS OF 34 Other Title 1 P.L. 480 Grant ueo Title 11 BOTSWANA TOTALS TOTALS Loan Economic Support Fund Grant Development Fund Bilateral d Category Development Assistance le (Actual) FY 1986 12,927 1,273 1,273 11,654 10,459 10,459 b/ 1,195 al AID 370-2 (886) prior FY. Regionale TOTALS Regionale Bilateral d bAcademic: degree seeking. U.S. Participants Third Country Participants Category during the FY & carryovers still in training from the on-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 108 105 107 Ab 2 16 (Actual) FY 1986 124 117 Total 7 2 35 148 151 А 150 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA 1 (Estimated) FY CLASP, AMDP). T 40 18 18 2 Participants funded under regio dParticipants funded under bilate Technical: non-degree seeking 1987 10 Total 13 166 23 168 162 161 A 9 Footnotes: d See Main Volume PL 480 table for country breakdown of World Foc c/ The above total for ESF includes $220,000 in local cost support from PY 1986 for a total reobligation of $2,837,000. bl Includes $212,588 of deobligated FY 1985 funds and $2,624,412 d- from PY 1986 for a total reobligation of $1,194,555. al Includes $48,629 of deobligated FY 1985 funds and $1,145,926 dec JOIALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 12 5 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG per PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE (Estimated) 12 5 F FY 1,195 (Actual) 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) (Estimated) SIT I 1 FY 1987 FY 1987 5,000 cl 5,000 ERN 161 191 (Request FY 1 8 3) 42 BOTSWANA Introduction As a "frontline" state la Southern Africa, Botswana today is a multi-party democratic nation; it has used its resources wisely and well and stands as a non-racial model for democracy and human rights. At independence la 1966, Botswana was ranked as one of the poorest nations in the world, with a per capita income of about $60 per annum. It had virtually no infrastructure, and economic prospects for the future were considered to be poor. Today, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is approximately $900. Botswana's remarkable achievement in this area is primarily due to the rapid growth of the mineral sector of the economy, now 32% of GDP. Agriculture, dominated by the livestock industry, contributes only about 7% of the GDP, but livestock ranks second only to mineral exports as an earner of foreign exchange. Over the past five years, drought has hampered attempts to increase agriculture production. The lack of productive land makes Botswana heavily dependent upon imported foods tuff. Botswana has maintained, as a matter of necessity, strong economic ties to the neighboring Republic of South Africa. Botswana has been virtually dependent upon South Africa's transportation links (railroads and harbors). About 85% of Botswana's total imports have come from South Africa. South Africa receives 15% of Botswana's exports, and more than 90% of the balance must pass through South Africa to reach its destination. Botswana is a member of the South African Customs Union (SACU), and approximately one-third of annual government revenues come from this source. Many Batswana are employed in South African mines and other activities, and their remittances are an important factor in the mixed wage earning/subsistence agriculture economy by which most family units live. Several South African companies hold significant equity and managerial influence in Botswana diamond, copper and coal production. Virtually all of Botswana's fuel and petroleum must be imported through the Republic. To reduce such overde pendence on South Africa, in 1980 Botswana joined together with eight other Southern African states to form the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), with headquarters in Gaborone. Botswana's Vice President is the Chairman of the SADCC Council of Ministers. Job opportunities for the uneducated and the untrained are limited in Botswana, and increasing unemployment is a critical concern. Through the end of the 1980s, Botswana's economy, as currently structured, is expected to generate enough jobs in the formal sector to employ only about 50% of the working age population. Others who enter the work force will have to find employment in the informal sector, characterized by low productivity and high underemployment. At the same time, the formal sector suffers from an acute shortage of skilled manpower. le To address these problems, the Government of Botswana is placing major em phasis on creating work opportunities in the private sector, and on attempting to increase arable crop production to raise small holder lacomes in le 缺 ​W 36 43 42 BOTSWANA the rural areas where most of the population still lives. In addition, formal education system is being further expanded, and attention is bein given to qualitative improvements in the system. state in Southern Africa, Botswana today is a multi-party sa; it has used its resources wisely and well and stands as a I for democracy and human rights. Botswana is playing a key role in SADCC and in regional affairs. What I in South Africa obviously has a major impact on economic growth and development in Botswana. In coping with current economic and political realities, Botswana is considering alternative transportation routes. also interested in developing storage facilities for building up grain petroleum reserves to meet future emergency needs. A.I.D.'s Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date in 1966, Botswana was ranked as one of the poorest nations lo a per capita income of about $60 per annum. It had virtually e, and economic prospects for the future were considered to be r capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is approximately $900. kable achievement in this area is primarily due to the rapid neral sector of the economy, now 32% of GDP. Agriculture, livestock Industry, contributes only about 7% of the GDP, but second only to mineral exports as an earner of foreign the past five years, drought has hampered attempts to lacrease action. The lack of productive land makes Botswana heavily aported foodstuff. Since 1984 A.I.D.'s development strategy in Botswana has emphasized sk: development, training and employment generation. This strategy aims t- increase rural incomes and productivity by improving basic educational systems, strengthen selected development institutions, and provide adv training opportunities for both the private and public sectors. Work continues on an A.I.D. project to improve dryland agriculture, on whic 85% of the population is greatly dependent. itained, as a matter of necessity, strong economic ties to the 11c of South Africa. Botswana has been virtually dependent 's transportation links (railroads and harbors). About 85% al imports have come from South Africa. South Africa otswana's exports, and more than 90% of the balance must h Africa to reach its destination. Botswana is a member of Customs Union (SACU), and approximately one-third of annual es come from this source. Many Batswana are employed in 28 and other activities, and their remittances are an in the mixed wage earning/subsistence agriculture economy by units live. Several South African companies hold and managerial influence in Botswana diamond, copper and Virtually all of Botswana's fuel and petroleum must be the Republic. To reduce such overdependence on South Africa, bined together with eight other Southern African states to frica Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), with orone. Botswana's Vice President is the Chairman of the nisters. In FY 1987 A.I.D. is continuing the assessment of program objectives present employment strategy. We plan to look at ways in which the pr sector can be more effectively used. We are looking also at other ar the economy in which U.S. assistance might play a constructive role. from possible aid for drought conditions and locust control, however are no "new starts" in FY 1987. Resources are devoted to ongoing act Agricultural Technology Improvement (633-0221), Primary Education In II (632-0240), Junior Secondary Education Improvement (633-0229), an Workforce and skills Training (633-0241). In FY8 1986 and 1987, nearly 300 Batswana participants have been pro advanced level training in the U.S., while 45 U.S. advisers have fil and senior level GOB positions. The Primary Education Improvement assisting the Ministry of Education in training and retraining prim. pre-service and in-service teachers, and in revising the curriculum Botswana's four Primary Teacher Training Colleges. In the last 10 number of primary classrooms has more than doubled (to 4,832), as I number of primary students (to 223,608). More than 85% of Botswana school children now attend school. Other donors are assisting with construction and technical training. of the uneducated and the untrained are limited in 1sing unemployment is a critical concern. Through the end ina's economy, as currently structured, is expected to ' in the formal sector to employ only about 50% of the Others who enter the workforce will have to find formal sector, characterized by low productivity and high t the same time, the formal sector suffers from an acute janpower. on. Providing solid junior secondary follow-on schooling for primary s leavers has been the overall objective of the Junior Secondary Edu project. As Botswana's entire education system and curriculum und revision and modernization, this project is training and retrainir secondary teachers at both the University of Botswana and the Coll Education, and is restructuring the curriculum through the Minist: Education. lems, the Government of Botswana 18 placing na jor work opportunities in the private sector, and on e arable crop production to raise spall holder incones in 37 36 44 BOTSWANA The Botswana Workforce and skills Training project, through the use of u.s. advisers and participant training (U.s., third country and in-country), 18 assisting the private and public sectors of Botswana. Over the life of project, overseas training will be provided to nearly 250 long-term, and over 100 short-term participants. Another 2,000 Batswana will receive in-country training. Under current agreements, more than one-third of these training beneficiaries come from Botswana's private sector. In support of Botswana's national food strategy, A.I.D. has continued assistance in applied research and extension for dryland farming systems and crop production technologies. Regional agricultural programs have been focused at the Southern African Centre for Cooperative Agricultural Research (SACCAR), an arm of SADCC. Other principal agriculture and development activities in FY 1986 Included PL 480 Title II emergency food assistance ($1.3 million), emergency drought relief ass18tance, and locust control activities ($1.2 million). FY 1988 Program A.I.D. requests $8,000,000 in FY 1988: Botswana Workforce and Skills Training II ($3.2 million); Primary Education Improvement II ($1.8 million), and Junior Secondary Education Improvement ($3.0 million) all of which are ongoing projects. -- Mission Director: John Hummon 38 45 2 32/34/7 Co 39 ana Workforce and skills Training project, through the use of U.S. and participant training (U.s., third country and in-country), is the private and public sectors of Botswana. Over the life of overseas training will be provided to nearly 250 long-ten, and over ten participants. Another 2,000 Batsvana will receive 10-country Under current agreements, sore than one-third of these training les come froe Botsvana's private sector. 50 1,179 1,17! --- 1,225 --- 50 529 - 3GA, Cos Occaa- -NCY: -!!160 2.100 2.100 4TIONS DIT?!S --- ... --- --- 마 ​of Botsvana's national food strategy, A.I.D. has continued applied research and extension for dryland faraing systems and ition technologies. Regional agricultural programs have been the Southern African Centre for Cooperative Agricultural Research a arm of SADCC. Other principal agriculture and development In PY 1986 Included PL 480 Ntle II emergency food assistance ($1.3 sergency drought relief assistance, and locust control activities on). CCS 21°ES 1.22 1,223 --- -ESTOVAT! FY37- -$!760 ATIONS --- ... --- ... --- --- 15 47 כוי 1.314 --- ... 1.724 1,724 sts $8,000,000 in FY 1988: Botswana Workforce and Skills Training lion); Primary Education Laprovement II ($1.8 aillion), and Junior ication laprovement ($3.0 million) -- all of which are ongoing & P:N OITURES -ACTUAL PYO- OLIS ATIONS 512 912 312 --- --- --- 33 SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOS! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 125 --- 126 126 557 --- 1,341 --- --- 1,993 1.998 -TUROUSM FY95- - OY - 1760 OTIONS DITURIS 1.710 C:CS 4,770 4,770 --- or: John Humnon 1.257 2.317 LOP CENA 76 1.710 2,47 5.372 3.372 5,532 5.5.2 9.365 1.257 1.090 9,241 .. 317 2:17 6,570 6.170 CCC, 6,300 21.595 24.075 21.595 22.078 9:76C 37 35 1 LEYFY O 1 INITIAL FINAL CIL! 93 5 18 :: 7:17 1 9 GRANTS 5 LOANS 324 ATS 3 3 > AGRICULTURE, RURAL Y. AN NUTRITION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT BUREAU FOR AFRICA RURAL SECTOR KANT AGRICULTURAL T:CUNOLCOY 431-0221 11POVEMONT SUCATION AND AUMAN RESOURCES 11 3 PINARY EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT 32 3 OTSANA WOKFORCE AND SKILLS 633-0231 TRAININ UNE Sice ; 56 PRONARY EDUCATION IMPROVININ SECONDARY EDUCATION 6 33-3229 PROVEMENT ORKFORC3 SKILLS TRAININO II 633-0261 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1290-559 2220-490 C20-55 633 38 46 SJ444?TOP 4XTY! AND PROPOS! PROJECTS CIN POUSANDS Se PCL. 425) 02/04137 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 83 --- --- --- --- --- ... 1.00. 1.000 7,341 --- --- --- --- ... 1.10 כ 5 71 -.?) 1,37 --- ... --- --- 50 3.29 --- --- --- --- --- ... 223 --- 22. دل نرد- فيزد ܕܕ 37 : .OCAL SUPPORT COST-BOTSWANA 220 220 72 --- -- 7,035 7 22 7,128 7.1.3 1.136 ... --- 31 315 7,395 1.535 5,779 752 4)) 197 ... 935 - --- --- 1.37 50 ?SO 35 6.723 5.7? 1,67 --- 522 --- 430 --- 234 33 815.4* FY !! INITIAL FINAL 31:; Ji.. ・THROUS735- L! ?XPEN- TIONS DITUROS LOP PLAN: SU112 -ACTUAL FY56- OLIG- ¿XPEX ATIONS SITUR! $ ESTIMAT!) FY!?- 21:;- PIN 4:33 21TUBES PRICI $0. av TIL -PASP35!? 'Yes- OLI- 4TIONS : TURIS JELP+1 FIX SF 63-322+ SECONDARY EDUCAT: 11PROVENT 533-0243 3 PRIMARY JUCATION : 1:01:49 ܐܐ > 531-0241 3 ORKFORCE: STILLS TE4NN ! 210): 1,000 פכ2,1 TOTAL FOR A CIUIT !!,361 11.30 2.13 RANTS 33,941 LC 4.15 ECONGIC SUPPORT PUN) 33-OJO SOUTHERN fica 4747 SEYCLOPAINT 533-0074 3 4;RICULTURE COLL!! ANSIO --752 5,447 633-0077 RURAL S: STOR RANT 3.330 2.594 333-3370 : 1:ALTH SIRVICES DEVELOP! 3.5?0 6,95 5,10 2.553 9.3.3 5. !) I-0221 4;RICULTURAL TECYL DIY IMPROVEMENT 433-3222 3 PRIMARY DUCATION PROVEMENT Return to the planned project my 40 Cavid tort activity Y of final obligation column - All eject in this column with a mobition tote before December 31,1000 od on the wuthor and done Ford proucts with initial abution date du Dober 31, 1800 the FY al final obligation and 02/04/97 46 47 --- 1 - &TIONS Oveis 12 Jucation Machine. " - ..37) --- --- --- 1,03 --- 3 DRLPORC : SUILLS TEANNI. .. ... --- .. - - TOTAL 02 COU47 . --- . 31.03 --- 1.2) --- 59 - 33.961 --- LE445 --- --- 5.00 ICONIC SUPPORT ON) 2. 199 2.150 37 220 ?? --- . 2 7.1) --- -- -- 7.12 22 .235 ܕܐ܀ 31 ... . .. 1,575 O. 7.5's 6,779 .7.2 315 --- 15417* Savicas I tvengono 32 --- --- --- -- 3.50 •.35 3.30 2.594 ) os 335 5.93 9,123 2.533 --- 1.0! 35 *.72 50 6.77 7,67 50 'heten to the Culoart 522 --- --- 40 SULUARY 3 CTIVE AND PROPOS: PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OR DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR APRICA 02/06/97 33 BOTSZANA CP 99 -PMROUN FY! OILIOEXPEN- #TIONS DITUR! 3 -ACTUAL TO OBLIS- EXP ATIONS DITURES -3511 Yar!! FY97- J9L!5- !XPEN &TIONS DITUS -20.3!) ! malli- ATIONS :TIES 492 293 135 6.527 22 2.000 1.017 793 2.930 1.90 > 11.741 11.741 9.15 433-0231 BOTSWANA WORKFORC: ANO SKILLS TRAINING 2.355 2.257 --- 2.232 --- 2.530 93 631-0233 3 JABOR ONE WEST MOUSING AND FACILITIES 653 692 340 153 -- 157 ... ... 533-0240 : 36 PRIMARY JUCATION IMPROVEMENT >1 3,464 3.464 --- --- 2.194 2: 1,230 "50 --- 400 633-0241 HORKFORCE 1 SKILLS TRAINING !! ניוס ... --- ܕܐܐܙܐ --- 2.753 6,073 1.0C --- 990 TOTAL 32 ACCOUNT 53,703 1.735 30.37 10.65 6.36 5.33 1,50 --- 1. 171 SRANTS 55,793 57.736 30957 10.45 9.)): o, 5.171 LOANS --- --- O. COJNIRY TOTAL TOTAL 126,711 127.757 31.011 11.696 7,195 9.923 11,435 12.24 GRANTS 124,711 127.757 56.!! 33.011 11,656 9,135 5,030 *** 11,635 9.00 12.04 LOANS --- --- 39-0241 هلند-زده ܐܕ وت-زده .)CAL SUOT COST-SOTSara SOUTR. PRICA AN-12 SeVELOPAIN 533-0074 RICULTURE COLL?! AAN 510 633-077 . RURAL 32STORANT 535-378 633-0221 * RICULTURAL T9 2.327 IMPROVEMENT 633-222 RIRT JUCATION PRONT PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LPY3 Y OF | INITIAL FINAL OLIG LOP PLANN!) AUTHD ::اذن 492 52 633-0228 * 92 32 SKALL ENTERPRISE JEV!LOPMENT (PVO) 631-3229 5 5 SECONDARY EDUCATION IMPROVEMENT 7.27 7.277 'n preto Groot FY of Phnolom - Ala Mohinderte Motore 48 Burkina Faso 43 48 43 Burkina Faso COUNTRY: (686) BURKINA FASO FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA "BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 8.078 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984)LIVESTOCK PEANUTS PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) SHEA NUT PRODS. 160 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-84) 1.2% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1980) o (1984) ox (1961) O (1985) 0% (1982) 5 ox ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.6% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984)TEXTILES FOOD CONSUMER GOODS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( . IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1980) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS ( 1986) TOTAL 45.7 MALE 43.8 FEMALE 47.6 (1970) TOTAL 38.3 MALE 36.9 FEMALE 39.7 27 (1984) 15% (1981) 30 26 (1985) 14% (1982) TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) - 200(81) ADULT LITERACY RATE - 189(82) -233 (1975) TOTAL 9% MALE 15% FEMALE 3% TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , COTE D'IVOIRE UNITED STATES AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 42.6% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 0.2% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) (1983) 22 14.0% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GDP . (1984) 39% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO ( 1983) 51 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.4% (1978) 1.9% (1986) 2.3% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 7% (1986) 12% 49 . MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) 6 (1986) 7 SUBSISTENCE: SORGHUM ,MILLET , CORN 84% (1985) CASH: COTTON , PEANUTS (1985) MARRIED VONEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON ,LIVESTOCK .SHEA NUTS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.3% (15-64YRS) 51.7% (69. YRS) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,RICE ,DAIRY PROOS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 146 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ........( .) .X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. ( 1981) 49,276 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) MALARIA . TRACHOMA-TRACHON, MEASLES-ROUGEOLE ( 198 1 ) 179 (82) 166 (83) 154 DEATH.. ( . ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 196 (82) 185 (83) 145 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A XOF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) - 17 (82) - 19 (83) 9 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 30% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENOITURES. (1981) 17.3% (82) 17.8% (83) 20.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP. (1977) 2.9% (78) 3.5% (79) 2.7% PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 24.9 MALE 30, 1 FEMALF 179 50 BURKINA FASO B FY 1096 FY Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000 FY 1987 (Actue!) (Estimatnd) €,318 1,CGO (Reques pe Development Assistance Loan Grunt Development Fund 6,8:84/ !,000 1,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grarit Other TOTALS 6,818 1,000 1,000 5,831 5,457 P.! 480 Title 6,153 6,153 Title :1 b/ 5,831 5,457 TOTALS 12,9712 6,831 6,457 al Includes $4,318,000 deobligaces from FY 1985 and reobligate, la FY 1986. b/ Sce Male Volume D.L. 430 Tabic for country breakout of World Food Program. FY 1987 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY Category 1986 FY 1968 (Actuali (Estimaced) (Request) U.S. National 8 S e 13 Foreign National 13 TOLAIS 21 2 21 u Freal full time equivaient workyears of employment. Include HIC, esceu property, and IC personnel Excludes TLP. One workyear * 2,087 hours FY 1986 Category A5 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA" FY 1937 (Actual) (Estimated) Total A 5 Total 1? 42 123 1: 12 35 15 7 10 17 5 27 16 ? 18 5 8 13 2 3 2 3 0 2 4 5 10 U.S. Participants Bilaterald Pasional Third Country Participent Bilateral d Regionale 30 8 22 3 1 2 ? A 16 4 12 uovo lavo who a FY 1989 (Rojuest) Total 25 11 2 14 19 19 4 6 12 Neorーい ​الا با ON TOTALS 33 14 47 28 2C 48 24 19 43 !n-training refers to the sum of participan: new starts Technicni: non-degree secking during the FY & certyorpo still in training fron the dpartiwipanto fundad under binteral programs. bAcademic: degrer serking. Participana frnded under regiona' program(e.fr, C.ASP, AMDP). AID 370-28) priory. 45 50 51 PROGRAM SUMMARY ($0001 FY1090 BURKINA FASO FY 1987 Assistance Actuell 6,818 FY *6.98 (Estimated) 1,CGO ( Request t Fund 6,8:8a/ 1,000 pot Fund 1,000 Introduction with a per capita GNP of $160 (1984), an infant mortality rate of 15%, an a literacy rate of less than 10%, Burkina Faso cannot be considered to be even on the threshold of meeting the basic human needs of its people. Th situation 18 further exacerbated by accelerating environmental degradatio burgeoning population and severe periodic drought. Most recently, like other Sahelian states, Burkina Faso has suffered a serious grasshopper lafestation. LS 6,818 1,000 1,000 6,153 6,153 5,831 5,457 5,831 .5 5,437 12,971./ 6,831 6,457 $4,318,000 ce3511gaces from FY 1985 and recbligated 19 FI 1986. Volude P.L. 430 Tabic for country breakout of World Food Progra. Landlocked, with little support Infrastructure and a low natural resourc endowment, Burkina's development prospects are severely constrained. Marginal solla and low rainfall, exacerbated by excessive deforestation relatively high population densities, linit agricultural growth 10 most regions. Burkina's 2.4% population growth rate lapedes economic growth Increasing the investment needed to simply nalotain the neager status qu la education, health care, and food availability per capita. Despite this gria situation, the Government of Burkina Faso (GOB), in i recent development plan, 18 proposing programs which are both decentral and targeted toward rural areas and Burkina's poor majority. The GOB streases self-reliance and self-sacrifice at all levels -- themes both practical and in line with the country's limited resource base. The country-wide vaccination campaign agalast childhood diseases in 1985 wi prine example of almost total popular mobilization and high impact at cost. A similar effort for the December 1985 census and a six-month campaign to build and equip dispensaries in each village were equally successful. MiSSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1987 PEPSONNEL DATA FY 1986 (Actuali 8 13 21 FY 1988 (ROJEKT) Estimated). S 13 vncient rorkyear of employmena. Tnclude HIC, exceur property, and IC peronmał. SNO 20 he workyear = 2,087 hours. v.s. Interests in Burkina Faso are both developmental and humanitariar Economic laterchange 18 minimal and there are no na for natural resour Burkina of strategic value to the United Statea. A.I.D.'s immediate priority le to respond to the human suffering caused by two successiv years of drought and the more recent grasshopper infestations. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.1.D. assistance strategy la to laprove the quality of life of Burk rural poor majority by focusing on health, population planning and re developuent. Strong emphasla is on Institutional and human resource development, areas where the United States has a comparative advanta providing specialized assistance. The Institution-building Agricultural Human Resources Development pr (686--0221) has had a significant impact on reorienting agricultural training and research at the University of Ouagadougou away from a theoretical, classroon-based aystem. The current two-year extension emphasizing the transfer of practical agricultural education patter FY 1586 А A 30 8 22 PARTICIPANT TZAINING DATA' FY 1 C37 (Actuell 'Estimated T Total A 5 Total 12 42 123 12 35 15 7 10 17 27 16 18 2 5 13 2 3 1 2 3 0 2 4 5 10 UN sܣ ܬ ܚ ܝ ܝ دنیا به ۵ | FY 1985 (Request) T Total 25 11 14 venta NCO.Jois 16 4 12 ته و بیا الا نیا 13 2 6 4 6 12 46 33 14 47 28 2C 48 24 19 43 e sum of participun, neu starts Technicri: nun-degree secking org. still in training fro.n the dParticipants funded under büsteral programs. Participan: frnded under regions' program. le.fo, CAS, LMDP). ing. 45 52 BURKINA FASO after the v.s. land-grant system model, with a special focus on the systematic upgrading of the University's Gampela training and research farn. The Rural Water Supply project (686-0228), which has financed over 600 wells to date, terminates in early FY 1987. Although budget constraints have precluded a planned second phase, the project's successes in the integration of health and water componente, development of village health worker handbooks adapted to each ethnic group, the training and hiring of private craftsmen for pump maintenance, long-term provision of spare parts, and the levylag of user charges to cover recurrent costs are serving as important models for other donors and the GOB to replicate in the country. Previous A.I.D. training, pilot efforts and policy discussions prepared the way for the new Population Planning project (686-0260), which is planned as the first phase of a long-term intervention in this critical area. The Strengthening Health Planning Capacity project (686-0251) continues to address important gaps in the organization of health care delivery and has already paid dividends lo helping the Ministry of Health to plan and manage both regular and emergency public health interventions. of special note was A.I.D.'s impact, with support from the v.s. Bureau of the Census, on the 1985 Burkina decennial census. The result will be the first West African sub-Saharan census to be developed and analyzed using personal computera. Th18 technological choice, moreover, has significantly reduced costs and will assure rapid and on-time delivery of census data. Complementing its regular project portfolio, A.I.D. will continue its policy dialogue efforts to promote the adoption of sound economic policies that foster private sector development. An A.I.D.-sponsored assessment led to last year's successful private sector symposium, hosted by the Burkina Chamber of Commerce. This was the first chance for the business community to discuss in depth with the new government the role of the private sector in Burkina's development. Analyses and recommendations from that A.I.D.-financed symposium formed the basis for the private sector reforms and incentives being promulgated under the 1986-91 five-year development plan. In addition to its government-to-government activities, A.I.D. will continue to support initiatives of private voluntary organizations (PV08), primarily through the use of available central and regional funds. PVOS such as Africare, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and Save the Children Federation (SCP) will continue their village-level development and drought-recovery efforts. Emergency multi-donor-funded operations were all highly effective io minimizing damage to cropa in 1986 and reducing this year's potential high 108ect populations. Plans are being formulated in collaboration with the GOB to address anticipated problems in 1987. FY 1988 Program The requested $1,000,000 will fund the first tranche of the Agricultural Research and Training Support project (686-0270), thus continuing A.I.D.'s long-term efforts in Burkina to upgrade the quality and productivity of selected institutions and human resources in the agricultural sector. 47 52 .SO 53 BURKINA FASO U.S. land-grant system model, with a special focus on the upgrading of the University's Gampela training and research farn. Water Supply project (686-0228), which has financed over 600 ite, terminates in early PY 1987. Although budget constraints aded a planned second phase, the project's successes in the 1 of health and water components, developnent of village health books adapted to each ethnic group, the training and hiring of ftsmen for pump maintenance, long-tern provision of spare parts, ying of user charges to cover recurrent costs are serving as odels for other donors and the GOB to replicate to the country. Additionally, the P.L. 480 Ntle II resources, estimated at $5,457,000, wi continue to support the CRS program activities in maternal and child healt school feeding, food for work and humanitarian assistance. Mission Director: Herbert N. Miller I.D. training, pilot efforts and policy discussions prepared the new Population Planning project (686-0260), which 18 planned as lase of a long-term intervention in this critical area. The 18 Health Planning Capacity project (686-0251) continues to rtant gaps in the organization of health care delivery and has e dividends in helping the Ministry of Health to plan and manage and emergency public health interventions, Of special note impact, with support from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, on kina decennial census. The result will be the first West Saharan census to be developed and analyzed using personal This technological choice, moreover, has significantly reduced assure rapid and on-time delivery of census data. Its regular project portfolio, A.I.D. will continue its ue efforts to promote the adoption of sound economic policies rivate sector development. An A.1.D.-sponsored assessment led 8 successful private sector symposium, hosted by the Burkina merce. This was the first chance for the business community depth with the new government the role of the private sector development. Analyses and recommendations from that d symposiun formed the basis for the private sector reforms being promulgated under the 1986-91 Elve-year development PVOS 1ta government-to-government activities, A.I.D. will pport initiatives of private voluntary organizations (PV08), igh the use of available central and regional funds. re, Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and Save the Children ) will continue their village-level development and y efforts. Emergency multi-donor-funded operations were all e in minimizing damage to crope in 1986 and reducing this 1 high lasect populations. Plans are being formulated 10 1th the GOB to address anticipated problems in 1987. ,000,000 will fund the first tranche of the Agricultural Ining Support project (686-0270), thus continuing A.I.D.'s 3 in Burkina to upgrade the quality and productivity of tions and human resources in the agricultural sector. 48 47 54 SUMMARY 35 *CTIV AV PZ9CS) PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 32/34/37 Buildu 02:02 CP es LC? ::: -4RCU. FY99- 2LI;- EXPEN- ATIOSOITURES - ACTUAL FY:- OL!)- BURKE PASJECT NO. 1:11: في A 37 327 5:7 65-227 ; 4 RICULTURE HUMAN DESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 1.17) ܕ ܐ 90 1.1? 1,730 639-022 VON-FORM4LucaTiON WOMEN: SAHEL GRANTS LOANS 6.7 -0221 3 RICULTURE UMA 380URSES DEVLUPT RURAL WATCR SUPPLY 031-3231 i 73 SOUBAAR? AFRICAR(VO? 3 035 - هذه 4,272 6656 33 5.73 38 STAY U2UCATION AV) DEVELOPMENT 637-0243 3RAIN MAKET: 3 DEVELOPMAT بز 1,395 2.611 21:11 Cr11 37! 63-0265 3 SUADAT:2* 3:52 PRODUCTION 2.300 2.036 63:- 3242 SNALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EV II (PVO) 2.530 6.50 Petons to the planned programmery hot 49 Curl orttivity NY of fint obligation - Al project in this wokama with a nitial obligation des before December 31,1900 on bed the storied to Formats with an initial obligation date otter December 31, 1900FY of timel obligation is bedon planned date siswi SUMMAPY • ACTIVE AND PROOS! ROJ!CTS CIN THOUSANDS OF OCLLARS) 54 55 زاني به دده SALI ܕ $ ;.rܙܐܐ Wis $ori15 $1. 97 3 4,RICULTUR: JAYSOURCS DEVELOPMENT 527 --- 225 --- 527 --- . 63)-0220 79 VON-FORMAL EDUCATION/WOMENON SANEL 1.1' 1.17 SC --- 75 192 .. ... TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT -227 1.1°C 705 327 329 --- 1,97 227 1.17) ܙܐܐ LUNS 504 527 7! Sanel DEVELOPMENT DURA 23 Cu 1.!25 3 RURAL WATER SU>LY 35 11.10 13,49) 12.357 . 193 75 SECUENA !aAFRICARO (VO) 35 --- 2.525 5.525 3.525 :595T2T JUCATION AN) DEVELOPMENT 33 Sit's 6.772 --- ... --- TRAIN ***KET: DEVELPAT 2.611 375 1.00 87 2.3 CC 2 2.36 233 AL nator podpory Culotto ozioni SUMUT 3 ACTIVE AND PRO°OS!" "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOÁ AFRICA iedo Ciscella- -TEC نوزده -ACTUAL SY - liar Cile.Si. -૦૬૮ siei SSO: -TM2 DUSH PY39- *1:35 2:TUR! BURKINA 665 -Nie; -91160 hieri -:760 DITUAIS L37 PLANN AUTH SY OPFY 3 | INITIAL FINAL c!lia Olis OITUS ATIONS STIONS UZTUROS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1. 20C 3C7' 1.023 1.750 519 6.09 3.1!3 5.755 26 : --- . --- 15 60 17 120 SKALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE-AIDI C 163 150 350 OC 1.041 ... ... 997 1.341 1.250 --- ... ... 399 596 כככ,1 950 o 1.333 1.003 051 32 --- ... OCCO Si $6 1.00 1.033 665-0221 *, CULTURE HUMAN RESOUR:35 DEYSLUPT 5.57 6.0°C 5.512 2.230 ܀ ?32- ܕ ܪ 6 35-0231 SE20-550 63-3263 2 st 2.611 1.30 1.52 639-0245 3 2UN SATION SEED PRODUCTION 685-324 > SALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DEV II (PVO) 2.33 635-0231 STRENGTHENING MEALTH PLANNINS 3 MANAGE DE 685-325 0920-569 PATILY PLANNING SUPPORT 627-3271 8 RURAL DEV. AFRICAR! (PVO) !-09) SOUTHWEST 723. R2702! STATICA PROJECT 3.269 - -0. 3,94 1.92 3.575 1.21 12.962 41.274 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT .3.355 52.1.1 1,241 1,033 5,"34 3.575 $.291 32.92 41,276 GRANTS 43.56 5 $3.301 --- COO --- --- LOANS 1.099 590 ... .. DEVELOPMENT FUNS 3 AFRICA ... --- --- 5.503 --- 077-0273 4: RESEARCH TRAINING SUPPORT 1.30 530 --- --- 3.903 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT לכן,1 03 GRANTS LO 2*5 56 BUSE FOR AFRICA CP 38 695 SURKIVA -THROUM FY39- Olije EXPSY 11:395 :TURES -4C7UAL FY26- OSLIG- EXPIN- ATIONS JITURES -ESTONITE FY37- 3LI;- EXPEN 2TIONS ITUPES LOP PLANN:) AUT) -PROPOSED FY29- 3L: EX! AT:CUS 2 TURS . PROJECT NO. AND TITLE I ISIT: LINAL 3 OL! Lii 3.4 1.33 3,95 1.09 3.747 1.023 0.36 3.95 :כן,1 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSEJ PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS JF DOLLARS) PAGE 02134137 33.547 0315 COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 53.752 5.2529 33.947 6.315 GRANTS 5!.752 LOANS Motore to the planned from 51 Currently Yonel boton son - A proti sot within closion sous baton Derber 31,10 with an inte blonde se 31. 16th othersion on a pared dote 56 RECI N. ND Title 1 INIT.LY * * * * * * Ilir Ar- 41:55:しあき​] -4C1jat 126- OLI:- #TIONS JITURES CO JSTRI TOTAL EST: IT!? 19. BLI !!! TIONS !1wees -I95€ 13. IL: - 41::15 9:TURES TOTAL 53.1 31.547 5.31% 1.30 3. Sa Los 6.81. 1.03 1.33 --- Burkina Faso PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Wido Funding AG, RD IN moroED OBLIGATION Agricultural Research and Sovro ftatuendo Training Support DFA FY 1988 Lite of Project Funding 1.000 2.500 Number 686-0270 NEW Population ED. & HR Sol. Act Initid obligation Estimated Find obligation Erromated Completion Date of Point SARAM O LOM CONOMVANG FY 1988 FY 1992 FY 1993 Purpose: To strengthen Burkina's indigenous agricultural research Host Country and Other Dodors: The project purpose and related capacity through the developmeot of the scientific human resource objectives colocide with Government of Burkina priorities con- base, support for local agricultural research, and development of ceraing rural development and agriculture to general, and agri- 11okages vith institutions serving the agricultural sector. cultural research developaent, planning and coordination in specific. For its 1986-1991 National Development Plan, Burkina Project Description: The project provides support to Burkina's Faso has made agriculture its dumber one developuent priority with National Institute for Agricultural Studies and Research (INERA) heavy emphasis on locreasing agricultural production, la its efforts to develop the country's agricultural research capacity to provide small faraers with techoical packages adapted This project is being developed to full coordination with the to the local environment. Specifically, the project will provide Government of Burkina aod other donors and vill forn part of a short and long-term training for Burkinabe agricultural scientists multi-donor agricultural research effort to Burkina 1o which the and technicians, techoical assistance for laproved manageaeat and World Bank vill be the lead donor and leader. coordination of national research programs, equipment and lofra- structure support, and research grants to local scientists. Beneficiaries: Farmers and their families who receive the benefits of improved varieties and practices will be the ultimate Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D. beneficiaries. Initial direct beneficiaries will be the young strategy in Burkina bas focused on improving the country's human agricultural research scientists and techoicians who vill assume resource base in the agricultural, health and population areae. the leadership and coordination of agricultural research to The project will enlarge the pool of skilled persons working 10 Burkina. agricultural research, as well as improve their efficiency and productivity through management improvements, thereby promoting Ma for Outputs: A strengthened national agricultural capability the development and diffusion of agricultural research packages to vith emphasis on key agricultural research staff trained to the small farmer na jority. develop, adapt, and diffuse technical packages for small farmers. 57 A.I.D. Financed loputs: Life-of-Project (5000) - Short and long-term academic training to the United States and short-tera training lo 1,000 Burkina and third countries. - Infrastructure and equipment 1,500 The project is a logical complement to the Agricultural Human Resources Developeent Project (686-0221) which has bad a significant impact on the implantation of practical agricultural education and research at the University of Ouagadougou modeled on the U.s. land-grant system of agricultural education. As both the University and the National Agricultural Research Institute are under the umbrella of the same albistry, this project provides the same excelleat opportuoity to develop the linkages between research and academics as 18 being successfully carried out by A.I.D. 10 Camerooo. The eventual tripartite linkage with extension is the next step to the 10stitution-building process. Future Year Obligations 1 000 - Short and long-tera U.S. technical assistance to research and prograg sanagement. TOTAL Principal Contracton or Agencies Unliguidated 1,000 3,500 To be selected Estimated Total Cort 3.500 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 2.500 en Cienal Year 58 Burundi 53 58 53 Burundi FV 68 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (698) BURUNDI COUNTRY: . COTTON . TEA BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 4,862 2 (1984) 2 (1985) ( 909} (DOLLARS, 1984) 220 PER CAPITA QNP. •FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )COFFEE EXPORTS TO U.S. (S NILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) A5 % OF TOTAL EXPORTS I MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984)TEXTILES IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( .) TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) . TRANSPORT EQUP. 1.9% ( 1965-84) . FOOD STUFFS ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 12.2% (1985) (1984) 10 .* % ( · % NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( .X 1909 .(.) .(.) .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 47.6 (1970) TOTAL 41.8 MALE 45.7 MALE 40.5 FEMALE 49.4 FEMALE 43.1 TRADING PARTNERS: GERMANY, FEDER UNITED STATES IRAN 39% FEMALE 15% MALE 35.8% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DENT AS % OF GNP (1984) 27% TOTAL (1980) ADULT LITERACY RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) (1984) 16.6% AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) -1.3% •SOCIAL DATA 53% 59 .(1983) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP...... POPULATION DENSITY / $0 KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 201 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.8% (1978) 2.4% (1986) 2.9% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 2% (1986) 3% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 ( 1986), 7 SUBSISTENCE : BANANAS ,CASSAVA , SWEETPOTATOES 73% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,COTTON , TEA (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.08 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1989) COFFEE TEA .COTTON POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.3% (15-64YRS) 52.2% (65+ YRS) 3.5X MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WEAT ,RAN SUGAR .DAIRY PRODS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 119 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1974) 45.025 *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF nr 11 MILIONS, U.S.) DISEASE C : DEATH.. ( 179 103% (1977) O PEOUTREMENTS. 60 BURUNDI BUF Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 2,019 1,760 FY 1988 (Request) In Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 2,019 1,760 BU d 2,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 2,019 1,760 2,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title II al 1,502 1,502 TOTALS 3,521 1,760 2,000 Footnotes: a/ See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. 1 H PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) U.S. National 5 Foreign National 4 4 4 TOTALS 9 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. 8 8 Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. FY 1988 (Request) 4 Category АБ 18 U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale TOTALS A 18 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATAS FY 1986 (Actual) FY 1987 (Estimated) TC Total А T 7 Total 25 13 4 18 31 1 5 10 3 17 15 20 3 13 13 16 13 5 10 1 15 1 5 12 5 12 5 7 31 38 18 28 46 1 VITI WA ایم و سبا ب | LO با ما 8 10 FY 1988 (Request) T Total 15 33 5 15 10 18 10 5 5 5 15 25 53 noua umocou w 20 Ն 10 10 28 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the b Academic: degree seeking. AID 3702 18-86) 55 prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (e.g., CLASP, AMDP). 60 61 gory PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) 2,019 FY 1987 BURUNDI int Assistance FY 1963 (Request) 1,760 2,019 Introduction lent Fund 1,760 upport Fund 2,000 Burundi is a small, landlocked country with the second highest population density in Africa. It is approximately 95% rural and has limited land resources. Vatil recently, Burundi was one of the few African countries the was marginally self-sufficient in food. However, per capita food productio- has fallen since 1981 and Burundi now has a get food deficit. With only a limited capacity to generate internal financial resources for development, the majority of Burundi'a development Investment 18 financed by external donor assistance. ALS 2,019 1,760 2,000 1,502 1,502 Ma for overall development problems include: a 3% population growth rate; declloing agricultural productivity; a high lafant mortality rate; a high 11literacy rate; a shortage of skilled personnel to implement developaent activities; a weak private sector; a growing debt-service burden; and a declining budgetary resources. LS 3,521 1,760 2,000 in Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food . PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) 5 4 4 4 9 8 8 valent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excess property, and IG personnel ve workyear = 2,087 hours, In May 1986, Burundi became the first International Monetary Fund (IMF) member to benefit from the World Bank/IMF Structual Adjustment Facility's (SAP) economic reforu progran establlahed for Africa. A three-year recov program vas approved to tackle the economy's over rellance on coffee, whi accounts for 85% of export earninga, recent negative Gross Domestic Produ (GDP) growth and escalating debt service. The objectives of the program to restore real GDP growth to about 4% a year, reduce inflation from the forecast for 1986/87 to 7% by 1989, and improve the nation's balance-of-payments position. La the context of this economic reform progran, the Government of the Republic of Burundi (GRB) has formulated policy changes to: 1) llmit expenditures for the civil service and infrastructure; 2) rehabilitate o privatize certain parastatals and liquidate others; 3) 11beralize the in tariff system; 4) Introduce producer domestic pricing and industrial la loceative policies which wili lacrease reliance on the private sector ar market forces; and 5) ad just exchange rates. These policy reforms are already having an impact domestically and could serve as a model for ot African countries to demonstrate the benefits of economic reform. FY 1988 4 A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Total A5 7 4 3 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TO A T Total 18 25 13 18 31 5 5 15 17 20 13 16 13 13 5 10 15 1 1 5 S 12 12 5 5 10 31 38 18 28 46 А 18 با ح ا 3 FY 1988 (Request) T Total 15 33 15 10 18 10 20 5 5 5 15 nts! The A.I.D. program is designed to support efforts to: 1) lacrease food production for domestic consumption; 2) promote fanily planning and her and 3) train Burundi managers and technicians to support the progran o "Burundization of the public and the private sector. In health, the centrally-funded combatting Childhood Communicable Dise project (698-0421) 1a providing technical and commodity support to per extension of health delivery services to the entire Infant population. In agriculture, under the Basic Food Crope project (695-0101) substant measurable progress is being made in lacreasing the production of imp 10 10 7 28 25 53 Hum of participant new starts ers still in training from the CTechnical: non-degree seeking d Participants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs (6.g., CLASP, AMDP). . 56 55 62 BURUNDI seeds for corn, wheat and potatoes. A recent evaluation of the project found that project objectives are being economically met and recommended that the acreage under cultivation be increased. The Bururi Forestry project (695-0106) met its initial objectives during its second year. Following an evaluation, the project turned its attention to agro-forestry to encourage farmers to plant trees for erosion protection and firewood. The Small Farming Systems Research project (695-0106) is strengthening the institutional linkages between agriculture research, extension organizations and the farring community and is upgrading the professional skills of the research and extension staffs through training, field trials and on-station research. Under the Alternative Energy Peat II project (695-0103), peat production and sales have now reached the point of commercial viability (11,000 tons annually). As a result of increased production and recent devaluations, wood charcoal is now more expensive than peat for Industrial and institutional use. A.I.D.'s participant training activities have been particularly successful with more than 145 Burundi participants having completed training. Eight participants are currently in the United States studying health, family planning, agriculture, and other priority subjects; and an additional 20 participants will begin training in FY 1987. The Human Resources Development project (695-0121) begun in FY 1987 will provide technical training for Burundi personnel who need additional skills in their jobs. Particular attention is being given to skills training in agriculture, health, and the private sector, and to involving women more effectively in the economy of the country. In FY 1987, A.I.D. will review the country's development environment with special attention to agriculture. Progress in the agricultural sector and advances under the 1986 IMF/ I BRD economic reform program will be reviewed in coming to a decision concerning any new activities in Burundi. FY 1988 Program In FY 1988, a total of $2 million from the Development Fund for Africa account is requested to fund ongoing training activities under the Human Resources Development project (695-0121). A.I.D. Representative: Donald F. Miller 57 62 NDI 63 02/04/17 PAGE CP BB for corn, wheat and potatoes. A recent evaluation of the project found project objectives are being economically set and recommended that the ige under cultivation be increased. The Bururi Forestry project 0106) met Its initial objectives during its second year. Following an ation, the project turned its attention to agro-forestry to encourage re to plant trees for erosion protection and firewood. The Small ng Systens Research project (695-0106) is strengthening the tutional linkages between agriculture research, extension organizations ne farning community and is upgrading the professional skills of the Ech and extension staffs through training, fleld trials and on-station .ch. 70 1.13 1.500 2.959 រំ 2.959 -PROPOSED FYO. -NådX: 91760 ATIONS DITURIS ... : ; 1 31 20 the Alternative Energy Peat II project (695-0103), peat production and have now reached the point of commercial viability (11,000 tons ly). As a result of focreased production and recent devaluations, wood al is now more expensive than peat for Industrial and institutional use. OITURES 1.100 1.500 2.21 2.921 114 ៨ - ESTINATED FY17- -Nici -51760 4TIONS ; 1.010 . JITURSS 1,726 1,724 -ACTUAL FY26- -N7dX; -91160 1 's participant training activities have been particularly successful re than 145 Burundi participants having completed training. Eight pants are currently in the United States studying health, family 8, agriculture, and other priority subjects; and an additional 20 pants will begia training in FY 1987. an Resources Development project (695-0121) begun in FY 1987 will technical training for Burundi personnel who need additional skills - jobs. Particular attention 18 being given to skills training in ure, health, and the private sector, and to involving women bore ely in the economy of the country. 37, A.I.D. will review the country's development enviroasent with Ittention to agriculture. Progress in the agricultural sector and under the 1986 IMF/IBRD economic reform program will be reviewed in a decision concerning any new activities in Burundi. ATIONS 1,350 1.350 i 1.350 1 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 6,342 5.594 7695 215 216 216 58 TMR051 -N1X3 -91720 ITIONS OITUR! 00905 1.144 5,460 1.097 15.351 15,351 LOP 0970 LIG AUT1) 1.144 1.144 1,700 7.793 1.991 gras , a total of $2 at 111on from the Development Fund for Africa requested to fund ongoing training activities under the Human development project (695-0121). 17,651 10,711 17,451 1.01) 10 do scho 1 CANAVEC TUNI: 1111INI 32 33 35 87 91 93 95 52 35เi: រ"។ GRANTS LOANS GRANTS SN707 27 3 G AGRICULTURE, PURAL DEV, ANI NUTRITION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT sentative: Donald F. Miller TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT SUREAU FOR APRICA 695 BURUNDI SMALL FARMING SYSTEMS RESEARCH 673-0100 BASIC FOOD CROPS 695-0101 COMMUNITY WATER AND sanciar EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES Wordpreda PROJECT NO. BURURI FOREST 695-0105 HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 695-0121 RURAL ROADS II 695-0112 ini1 CNT 57 Creath HEALIN COLO-569 64 PAGE 02/04/97 DUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 98 395 SURUN): PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L 1:1:1:4L FINAL 29L1: EL!: LOP PLANNIO 4 JTD TM2 DUOM FY95. OBLI;- 51P EV- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYES- OILIO- EXEN ATIONS OITURES OSTAT! V87- LI; EXPEN- ATIONS JITU?! 5 -PROPOS!) -793- SLIP- ET IN- ATIONS DITUDES --- --- 1.01. 600 41 400 61 --- DOO SELECTED DEVELOPHEVASTI:TIFS 3.3:1 659 S,293 1.26 3. 1.!)0 --- 1,139 . 95-0103 ALTERNATIV ENER: PEAT I! 7.000 .000 669 1.25? --- 1.300 --- 1.13 SRANTS 8.331 5.293 .69 1.20? JOC ",000 . 1.350 1.13! LJANS --- --- . 97 91 --- -.. --- --- --- 2.93 .. TOTAL FOR ACCOUAT --- --- --- --- 2.00) 90 GRANTS "70 --- --- --- --- --- --- כככ.2 27 LOANS --- DO 4,735 2.900 4,697 --- --- 59 SURAY 7 *CTIVE AV PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS - JOLLARS) 1.313 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.010 GRINTS 1,010 LOANS --- زدن من TOTAL POR ACCOUNT $.331 5.293 2.300 DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA 695-0121 3 HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 32.71 20.1.1 26.022 11, 203 2.010 3,193 1.790 4.735 2.00: GRANTS 33.71 2., 041 24,022 11.203 2.319 3.13 1,753 LOANS -- dodon Muut * .tu 64 65 • ONS Orfu! 1.313 ATIONS XIN ITU!! --- 3:7 Yj- Il- 411JYS JITUDES --- --- --- 1,010 1.01: 439 LOANS $13 SELECTED DEVELOPEUT ACTIV:7195 1.312 400 --- --- 613 30 1,003 9,30 5,293 659 1.26 ... 5.293 669 GRANTS 1.25 - JOC "JOO 1.100 LOANS 5.293 --- 1.13 .. --- -- 1,261 1. JO 1.139 --- 97 91 . --- ... --- --- --- 2.3: 9 --- --- --- --- --- 2.00 ככ2,3 --- 24.022 11.203 POR ACCOUNT SAINTS 695-0103 ALTERNATIVE ENRST PEAT II TOTAL FOR ACCOJNT 1.?) 9.000 7.300 $.331 1.13 DEVELOPMENT PUND FOR AFRICA 695-0121 3 HUMAN RESOURCES OVELOPAT TOTAL FOR ACCOUAT GRANTS 5.90 LOADS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 52.71 26.1.1 26.022 11.203 2.01 3.193 GRANTS 1.740 4.735 2.00 32.71 29.041 LOANS 2.1 3.1.3 1.793 : 4.733 *** 59 Cameroon 61 66 FY OR CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 9.906 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984) CRUDE OIL . COCOA . COFFEE PER CAPITA GND. 800 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 248 (1984) 126 (1906) 300 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965-84) 2.9% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 58% (1983) 42% ( 1904) SOX ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) 12.8% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1904 ) CONSUMER GO00$ MACHINERY . TRANSPORT EQUIP NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( .) % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1963) 99 (1984) (1985) 75 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 7% (1963) 7% (1904) ( 1986) TOTAL 48.7 MALE 47.0 FEMALE 50.4 (1970) TOTAL 41.9 MALE 40.9 FEMALE 42.8 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 181(83) 26(84) 401 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 41% MALE FEMALE 25% TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE UNITED STATES , NETHERLANDS EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 24.7% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) (1964) .. (1984) 222 15.0X -1.8% (1984) 22% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 63 POPULATION GROWTH RATE .(1970) 2.1% (1978) 2.6% (1966) 2.7% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 20% (1986) 43% (1988) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) SUBSISTENCE: ROOTS AND TUBERS ,CORN , MILLET MEN AG (1985) MARRIED, VOWEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1978) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE ,COCOA BEANS .COTTON POPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.0% (19-64YRS) $2.9% (65+ YRS) 3.1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,RICE ,DAIRY PRODS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ( 1966) 131 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1981) 70% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1980) 13.990 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( .) ( 1982) 1, 188 (83) 1,763 (84) 1,820 DEATH.. ( .) : TOTAL EXPENOITURES ANO NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 1,356 (83) 1.674 (84) 1,699 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. ( 1977) 103% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) - 168 (83) 121 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1976) 26% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1981) 5.0% (83) 8.2% (84) 7.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP (1979) 1.6% (80) 1.5% (82) 1.8% PRIMARY (1902) TOTAL 106 MALE 1 16 FEMALE 97.0 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 23.4 MALE 26.3 FEMALE 14.2 POST SECONDARY.. (1979) OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. TOTAL 1.3 MALE 1.0 0.3 FEMALE (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) 61 (83) 170 (84) 63 ENERGY PROOUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION ( 1004) 220% EQUIVALENT TO 0.5 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 62 COUNTRY: (631) CAMEROON .BASIC DATA (DOLLARS. 1984) 55% AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP 28% ( 1985) CASH: COFFEE , COCOA BEANS , COTTON 15% 89 (84) 66 . COCOA XOS (GOO.) 401 1984 ICRUDE OIL corret EXPORTS TO US ( SILLIONS. US. FOB) (1993) 240 (1984) 128 (1998) 300 NOVIH RATE (1968-4) 2 9% AS X OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 50% (1963) 42% (1994) Sor wat RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 12 8% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1964 )CONSUMER 2000S .MACHINERY . TRANSPORT EQUI! NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( ) X IMPORTS FROM U.S. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS, (3 MILLIONS. us. CIF) (1983) (1984) 79 (1986) TOTAL 46.7 MALE 41.. AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 7% (1993) 7% (1004) ( 1970) FEMALE 504 TOTAL 41.. MALE 40.9 FEMALE 42. TRADE BALANCE (8 WILLIONS, U.S.) (1962) 181(03) 29(84) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL MALE FEMALE 25% TRADING PARTNERS : FRANCE , UNITED STATES , NETHERLANDS * AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF BNP (1994) 24.7% AMWAL PER CAPUA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROUTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (1976-1985) (S MILLIONS. U.S.). .... (1964) 222 AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 19.0% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF SOP (1984) 22x • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY I$K OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1963) 63 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2. 1% (1978) 2.8% (1000) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 20% (1906) 437 MAJOR CROPS) ARABLE LANO YEAR SUBSISTENCE : ROOTS AND TUBERS , CORN ,MILLET TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 28% 6 (1985) CASH: COFFEE .COCOA BEANS .COTTON 15% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1978) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS : ( 1985) COFFEE .COCOA BEANS .COTTON POPULATION ( 1966 ) IN. AGE GROUP: MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT .RICE .DAIRY PRODS. (0-14VRS) 44.0% (15-GAVRS) $2.0% (65• VRS) 3.1% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INFANT DEATHS IN PIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 131 ( 198 1 ) 70% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES (1980) 13,000 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1982) 1.188 (83) 1,763 (84) 1.820 DEATH.. TOTAL EXPENO I TURES AND NET LENO ING (MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) 1.356 (83) 1.674 (84) 1.699 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS AX OF REQUIREMENTS. ( 1077) 100% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY(1070) 26X (1982) - 168 (83) 89 (64) 121 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE DEFENSE EXPENDITURES 7.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AOC FEMALE AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES ( 1981) ..2% (84) TOTAL MALE AS X OF ONP (1970) .6% (80) 1.5x (32) 1.6X PRIMARY SECONDARY OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES POST SECONDARY GROSS HOLDINGS ENO or PERIOD 170 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1962) EQUIVALENT ... MONTHS OF IMPORTS (re) (eo) XO'S to (c) OL C OD 2 ( COLOS GROUP Peo000 AL ALG ALS Title 11 Title P.L. 480 Other Grant V807 TOTALS TOTALS Economic Support Fund Loan De brand puent Fund Development Assistance Category CAMEROON al 13 ܕܚܕ ܚ ܣܝ ܘܝܐ $ 23,014 b/ 23,014 9 AID 370-200) prior FY. Regional TOTALS Bilaterald Regionale Bilateral d b Academic: degree seeking. Third Country Participants U.S. Participants Category during the FY & carryovers still in training from the a{n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 79 Ab 0 FY (Actual) 1986 115 Total 109 71 1 63 A 109 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA 29 107 78 2 2 CLASP AMDP). (Estimated) FY T 29 15 4 9 5 20 1987 Technical: non-degree seeking Total dParticipants funded under bilateral programe. 138 11 44 6 83 127 s Participants funded under regional programs (e.g., А 98 FY T. 20 25 (Request) 0 1988 Total 123 54 118 TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Escludes TDP: One workyear = 2,087 hours. (Actual) 37 FY 1986 22 15 •Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and IG personnel. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE: 36 FY 1987 15 FY 36 15 21 1988 Program. Footnotes: 1986 of $595,000. _ $500,000 of funds deobligated in FY 1985 for total reobligation in FY DI Above total includes $95,000 of funds deobligated in FY 1986 and al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food (Actual) 14,554 DI 23,014 8,460 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) (Estimated) 16,595 20,000 3,405 FY 1987 0 67 Tportwns) 20,000 20,000 9 ܡܶ££ܘܘܘ ovo (isenbay) 20,000 20,000 20,000 FY (Request) 1988 over 68 CAMEROON Introduction The Government of the Republic of Cameroon (GRC) 18 committed to development and 18 taking appropriate steps to laprove economic growth. These include development of a market-oriented pricing system, an emphasis on agriculture us the country's true basis of national wealth, and support for private business activity. Encouragingly, per capita gross national product (GNP) Increased from $460 to over $800 in the past six years. The basic u.s. Interest in Cameroon 18 seeing that a moderate, pro-western, private enterprise-oriented African country has the opportunity to succeed. There are several elements of this interest. First, it 18 in the U.S. laterest to demonstrate that a commitment to economic development within & democratic context pays off la concrete gains la living standards. Cameroon is a country where this can happen. It has sufficient human and natural resources plus the policy environment to generate significant economic growth. Second, it is in the U.S. Interest to maintain access to Cameroon for U.S. businesses. Americans are now lavolved primarily in petroleum and banking. However, as demonstrated by several trade and lavestnent missions 1a 1985 and 1986, 0.s. Interest exists in many other sectors as well. It seems likely that an increase in commercial contacts: will take place. Pinally, Cameroon le a country that generally supports U.S. positions laternationally. The A.I.p. program encourages Cameroon to continue this support. 1 ; A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s development strategy la Cameroon 18 to concentrate on three areas: agriculture, education and rural health. A.I.D.'s goal is to increase food production and to improve the environment in which rural Cameroonians live and work. A.I.D.'s approach is to address technical constraints while simultaneously developing an institutional capacity to provide services. The foundation of the A.1.D. program in Cameroon 18 agriculture. It is the sector where most Cameroonians work and which generates approximately 25% of GNP. Withia the agriculture sector, A.I.D. 18 working lo three separate areas: (1) policy making, (2) technology transfer, and (3) food production. Each of these areas has an element of institution building. With regard to policy making, the basis of A.I.D.'8 lavolvement is the Agriculture Management and Planning project (631-0008), which 18 developing the capacity within the Ministry of Agriculture to collect and analyze data for better decision making. Information provided by the project was of substantial assistance to the GRC in preparing its sixth five year plan. Technology transfer 18 the second area of A.I.D. concentration within the agriculture sector. The na jor tool of implementation is the Agricultural Bducation project (631-0031), which 18 assisting Cameroon to develop a university that produces graduates capable of transferring modern agricultural technology to Cameroonian farmers. An evaluation of this 64 68 100N 69 duction CAMEROON project is scheduled for FY 1987. yvernaent of the Republic of Cameroon (GRC) to comitted to developneat 4 taking appropriate steps to leprove econoaic growth. These include prent of a market-oriented pricing systen, an emphasis on agriculture country's true basis of national vealth, and support for private 18 activity. Encouragingly, per capita gross national product (GNP) ved from $460 to over $800 in the past six years. 1c 0.s. Interest to Cameroon lo seeing that a moderate, pro-vestem, enterprise-oriented African country has the opportunity to succeed. re several elements of this laterest. Plrst, it in the U.s. to demonstrate that a comitment to economic developeent vithio e 1c content pays off la concrete gains in living standarde. Cameroon otry where this can happen. It has sufficient human and natural & plus the policy environment to generate significant economic Second, it is in the U.s. Interest to maintain access to Cameroon businesses. Americans are now lovolved primarily la petroleua and However, as demonstrated by several trade and lovestment adesions nd 1986, 0.s. Interest exists in many other sectors as well. It uly that an increase in commercial contacts will take place. Cameroon 18 a country that generally supports U.S. positions nally. The A.1.D. prograa encourages Cameroon to continue this A second activity concerning technology transfer is the Tropical Roots and Tubers project (631-0058). This project is being implemented by a consortium of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) led by the University of Maryland, Eastern Shore. Research will be conducted to speed up multiplication of plant sets from roots and tubers and to identify ways to extend storage time and to improve processing of root aad tuber crops. Success in transferring this technology will directly affect over one million Cameroon lan farmers who grow these crope. Pood production 1s the third area of sectoral concentration and A.I.D. finances three projects in this area. The North Cameroon Seed Multiplication Il project (631-0023) 18 designed to provide farmers in northern Cameroon with high-yielding peanut, corn, sorghum and cowpea seed. Multiplication of certified seed 18 beginning to be carried out under contract with private farmers. During FY 1987, increased emphasis will be placed on marketing, extension and promotion of laproved seed varieties. The National Cereals Research and Extension II project (631-0052) is continuing the development of Cameroon's agricultural research system. Paphasis 18 being placed on adaptive research for naize, sorghum, sillet and rice. The combined efforts of on-station research and on-farm trials have identified five new varieties of com, two of rice and two of sorghun. Increased yields of 50% for corn, 30% for rice and 25% for sorghun have resulted. Up to 20% of the farmers in northern and western Cameroon have adopted these varieties. loppent Strategy and Accomplishments to Date velopment strategy la Cameroon 18 to concentrate on three areas: education and rural health. A.I.D.'s goal 18 to Increase food ad to Laprove the environment in which rural Cameroonians live -.1.D.'s approach 1s to address technical constraints while ly developing an institutional capacity to provide services. a of the A.I.D. prograa la Cameroon 18 agriculture. It is the bost Cameroonians vork and which generates approximately 25% of the agriculture sector, A.I.D. 18 working in three separate icy making, (2) technology transfer, and (3) food production. areas has an element of Institution building. The third activity is the Credit Union Development II project (631-0057), which 18 the second phase of an ongoing project that has concentrated on western Cameroon and has obtained considerable results. Over 58,000 people are now credit union neabers in that area. The 116 registered credit unions they belong to have total deposits of $20 million. A study undertaken in FY 1986 found that credit unions have had a positive impact on the economic well-being of their neabers. For example, monthly incomes of members increased by over 16% from 1982 to 1984. The study also indicated that other regions of Cameroon are ready to accept credit unions. The Phase II project vill assist in that effort. policy making, the basis of A.I.D.'s lavolvement is the agement and Planning project (631-0008), which is developing thin the Ministry of Agriculture to collect and analyze data 1100 making. Information provided by the project was of stance to the GRC la preparing its sixth five year plan. In the education sector, A.I.D. 18 assisting in the reform and expansion of rural primary education through the support to Primary Education project (631-0033). Assistance is geared to expansion of teacher training colleges The to enable them to graduate additional and better trained teachers. construction of flve teacher training facilities is expected to begin in FY 1987. fer 1s the second area of A.I.D. concentration within the 1. The sa for tool of implementation is the Agricultural (631-0031), which is assisting Cameroon to develop a roduces graduates capable of transferring modern hology to Cameroonian farmers. An evaluation of this In the health sector, the GRC has provided a 12% increase in funding for rural health care services since 1984 and has requested A.I.D. to become lavolved in that sector. A.I.D. plans to laititate the Maternal and Child Health Support project (631-0056), which will be designed to Laprove rural 64 65 70 CAMEROON health care in two of Cameroon's ten provinces. The project will provide for 10-service training, essential drugs and equipment and basic services through existing health service centers. PY 1988 Program A.I.D. 18 requesting a total of $20 million in the Development Fund for Africa account for the Cameroon program in FY 1988. A. I.D. 18 requesting $14,876,000 to fund ongoing agricultural projects as well as a new project: Agricultural Management and Planning II project (631-0059). This project will assist in the strengthening of the Ministry of Agriculture's sector planning and analysis capability. In the health sector $2,000,000 18 budgeted for incremental funding of the Maternal and Child Health Support project (631-0056). In education and human resources activities $3,014,000 18 requested for the ongoing Support to Primary Education project (631-0033). This project plays a central role la A.I.D.'s efforts to improve the rural environment. Mission Director: Jay P. Johnson 1 1 66 70 ROON 201301 88 Director: Jay P. Johnson 99 role 10 A.I.D.'s efforts to laprove the rural environment. Support to Primary Education project (631-0033). This project plays ition and human resources activities $3,014,000 18 requested for the I and Child Health Support project (631-0056). health sector $2,000,000 18 budgeted for lacremental funding of the ture's sector planning and analysis capability. 059). This project will assist in the strengthening of the Ministry of sa new project: Agricultural Management and Planning II project 18 requesting $14,876,000 to fund ongoing agriculturel projects as account for the Cameroon program in FY 1988. 1s requesting a total of $20 aillion in the Development Pund for ing health service centers. rvice training, essential drugs and equipment and basic services through h care in two of Cameroon's ten provinces. The project will provide for SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOS PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PASS 10 02/04/97 BUREAU FOR APRICA 631 CAMEROON CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -TMROUGM PYSS - ESTIMATED PY37- L FY OPPY OF I INITIAL SINAL 6 OBLI: LOP PLANN! AUTNO - Nicx; -9176C -9116C : -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -9110 -PROPOS! FYES- LIS- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES 9:160 ATIONS DITURIS 4TIONS OITURES AGRICULTURE RURAL QEY. AND NUTRI:0N 5.100 5.100 5. 6.926 151 23 631-0004 78 MORIN CAMEROON LIV! STOCK AND 46 DEV --- --- 007 37 9,700 5.859 4.913 2.000 496 900 1.100 --- 1.401 631-0006 3 ALLICUL TJRAL MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING ace. 3 7 31 1.300 5.16 1.25 1,743 --- --- --- 55 --- 631-0012 JANDARA MOUNTAINS WATER RESOURCES --- 7.627 6.635 --- 7.677 7,677 135 --- 27 --- --- 31-0013 3 7 NATIONAL CEREALS RESEARCH ANO EXTENSION 33 631-0022 3 30 SIALL PAZIER PISM PRODUCTION 597 5° 7 495 .. 6 --- --- ... 757 . 92 37 . 130 2.040 7.451 2.352 599 1,345 1.14) 1.140 --- 631-0023 NORTM CATEROON SHED MULTIPLICATION !! 1.200 | 71 L 7 32 37 5.670 --- 9.000 5.600 --- --- :ככ,2 --- •31-0023 NORTH CATEROON SEED ULTIPLICATION II 2.000 9 26 1.325 1. 119 1.325 1.42 122 631-0324 79 VATIONAL POO CROP P2OT!CTION --- ... 73 --- 3 SE 29 16,210 15,210 7.810 3.036 2.400 3,104 6.30 1,026 31-0331 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION --- OGG L 32 93 25,351 00 25.331 26351 1.077 --- 631-0031 AÖRICULTURAL POUCATION 9.491 3.291 CG 33 1.600 631-0046 3 CREDIT UNION DEVELOPMENT (PV) 1.650 1.225 27 105 CCS 1-035وه si ! २७ 2.950 19 2.700 ,175 9.195 1,275 1.455 1.900 2.203 NATIONAL CEREALS RS. AND EXTENSION 67 72 SULLARY | ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 92/04/87 OUTEAU FOR APRICA CP 88 531 CAMER IN • L Y FFY IINITLINAL 3 OLI: L! LOP PLANNIO ALTH -THROUGH PY99- 3L! Go !XPEN- ATIONS JITURES .ACTUAL PYS.- OBLID !XPEN- ATIONS OITURES PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -ESTINATIO FY7- !L: EXP 9- ATIONS PITUS -PROPOSED FY99- LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 3.625 50 600 555 718 --- 3.795 530 --- P00 ! 35 5.795 3.775 355 97 331 321 ? 21 --- 27 . 31-05 10 PROGRAJEV. A) SUPPORT-CAMEROON TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 79.05 26,407 12.1.7 5.51) 20.427 20,697 191,453 125.330 9,630 9,574 --- 12,91 13,391 HEALTH 323 320 8? 92 NORTNEN ELLS P145: :: (PVO) SO? ... 231 --- --- --- 3 7 3.013 --- --- ... 3.01 1.225 --- 1.500 3 55 C --- --- ... 30 ... --- 135 --- 150 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.93) 320 820 EZ 4 30 507 3.010 1.555 --- 1.500 GRANTS 2.910 &? 82 400 SO? 3.010 1.556 --- ܕܐܪ 1.500 LOANS --- --- EDUCATION AND NUMAN RESOURCES 68 3 3.609 3,325 $31-0032 L NATIONAL SPREALS 295. 49) 9XTENSION II 631-9357 . CREDIT UNION DEVELOPMENT II 56. 1,224 26 93 1.790 1.790 JIJOSB 3 TROPICAL ROOTS AND TUSERS RESEARCH ORANTS 43.53 29.4 12.167 7,735 11.04 55,957 70.73 15.55 15.555 LOSS 35.555 1.077 631-051 . 31-OUSO MATERNAL & C2LD HEALTH SUPPORT (PVO) 31-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-CAMEROON ' Comen PYRA 11,0 Yudono 12 02/04787 OSEP PROJECTS 72 oli.- #TIONS 3.65$ -35!! TI. ** TRIALS !5. **> Atsio !! 631-). 57 CREDIT UNION VELOPANT ! 3.925 3:12 at!ONS -DOCS.- e ITues او بود ATIONS Ivais 1.7°C 1,730 312056 tusses TROPICAL ROOT3 AN TUSES . 3.779 1,224 959 3.79 31-010 ROGRADIV. ) SUPPORT CAMEROON 353 --- 700 TOTAL OR COUNT 321 121 121,43! 125,03 --- 79.09 7 26,437 GRANTS 12.1.7 65,37 $.11! 43.53 11.34 29.407 20.427 15,550 !5,355 33.555 12.1.7 1,735 22.4 ,436 9,574 323 ? כיר 13.91 $ 37 37 5.213 --- --- ܙܙܐ 1.013 1.223 :: --- --- 1,500 .30 ... TOTAL OR ACCOUNT כנו --- 3. 33) 32 & 20 150 € €2 RANTS 30 3.31) #? LOANS 1.556 32 SO? 1.500 EDUCATION AND MUNA RISOURCES 3.10 1.556 Con 1.500 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAG! 12 02/04/07 JURLAU POR AFRICA 631 CAMEROON CP 36 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OF FY O 1 INITIAL FINAL . OBLI: 03LIG LOP PLANNES AUTM THROUGN PYBS- ILI - EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PT36- OOLID EXP EN ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- 9LI: EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOS!) PY&S- LIS- #XPEN ATIONS OITURES 37 6.365 567 2.000 976 1.769 2.509 3.200 NEALTA 631-0.51 ORIMIN ELLS PAS! :: (PV) و دو-اد MATERNAL CHILD LALT SUPPORT (PVO) 31-0510 PROGR** Dev. AND SUPPORT-AVERION 631-0033 3 SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION 631-0033 L SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION 6.093 3.03 15, 265 16.263 39 4,90 8.460 3.405 :כז,• 6.700 552 415 59: 631-0053 3 35 DICI VOCATIONAL TRAINING (PVO) 532 2.766 ; 95C 2 2 7 7 55 40 --- 10 631-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-CAMEROON TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.747 S6 10.667 31 5.755 24,910 27.124 7.655 GRANTS 6,347 2.027 569 --- 981 2.350 2.955 3,798 8.645 13.859 15,255 15.265 LOANS --- 3,660 3,495 4."? 4,709 SELECTED DEVELOPAINT ACTIVITI! 73 ; 95 C --- ... --- --- 195 25 --- 100 631-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT CAMEROON TOTIL FOR ACCOUNT --- 175 25 100 GRANTS 195 95 פכו LOANS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA 92 2.640 G 500 631-0031 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION 2.460 2.690 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ... --- --- 3,214 סככ,2 631-0033 3 SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION 3.271 3.271 74 3 JitdU FOR AFRICA SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOS! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) .31 CAMER IN 13 02/34187 FY GF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL . OLI: LOO PLANN:O AUT) زاد 3 -THROUSM FYSS- cs::::: ATIONS DITUROS -ACTUAL PY26- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATSI FY37- OBLIC EXPEN- ATIONS ITUDES 35 23.317 26.317 --- -2005) Y!! olii EXPEN ATIONS OITURES --- --- :7 5.790 --- --- 5,293 --- 2.20 ... --- --- 2. 10) 710 715 --- --- --- --- --- 30 33 71. --- --- 20C 2.035 2.325 --- --- --- ... --- 2.005 --- 91 12.000 --- --- --- --- 3 95 C --- --- --- ... 3.00 --- ... 1,500 --- --- 511 501 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- --- ... --- --- --- --- כנכ.20 9.531 20.02 9.301 COUNTRY TOTAL 15,591 70 n. PROJ:CT NO. AND TITLE 631-0052 3 NATIONAL CERE ALS ROS. AND SATENSION IT 6 31-005 SATERNAL CHILD MEALTH SUPPORT (PVO) ככ1.5 531-9057 CREDIT UNION DEVELOPST :: 631-0053 TROPICAL 200TS AND TUSIRS RESEARCH 631-0057 AGRICULTURE MANAS: ENT !! 631-0510 PROGRAM DEY, ANO SUPPORT CAMEROON 52,753 36.753 GRANTS 92,753 1,753 LOANS TOTAL 192,796 166.573 23,526 27.58 23,314 12,331 23.03 GRANS 21.232 39,194 63,673 27.056 14,554 LOANS 131.135 115.172 $1,321 51,321 7,22% 19,595 99,56 16, 142 --- 23,32 3,660 29,95 1,077 3,435 15,671 don, N. 74 75 #TIONS DITUR! Oui. ATIONS 35 3 DITURIS #TIONS 2.317 26.317 Iue es ->S!).. DIN- ATIONS DIT IS 2 5.90 - --- 2. 209 --- --- --- 2.90 1.) 710 . NATIONAL CEREALS RIS. ANO ATENSION 13 • 31-005 KATERNAL CHILD SALT SUPPORT (PV) 51-0057 CREDIT UNION OVELOST :: 631-Oos a TRICAL ROOTS AND TUBING RESEARCH 61-005 *GHI Cultuae manassunt it 631-0510 PROGRAM Dev. AN SUPPORT-CAMEROON 715 --- --- --- 2.993 2.53 --- --- .. . 200 --- --- --- 12.300 2.005 95 --- --- --- --- --- ... --- --- 3.003 1.500 . --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 52.753 611 --- --- GRANTS --- 52.753 J..753 --- --- -- --- LOANS --- 20.20 9,531 COJNTRY TOTAL 22.333 9.331 TOTAL 192."96 168.573 19.526 27.558 23.014 SRANTS 12.301 23.33 69.673 LOANS 131.135 115.772 51.321 31. 321 27.058 23.33 ,224 19.55 3.660 16, 147 1.077 23.00 3,435 2!. 15.691 15.591 70 CAMEROON PLAINED NOORMY SHEET Agriculture Management and unding AG, RDIN moroso OBLIGATION Sourg Planning II the added DPA FY Lito of Project Funding 1988 3,000 12,000 Maribor 631-0059 G NEW Population ED.HR Sol. Act Inidd Obloudon Estimated Hindi Soton Estimated completion Doto of Proin ORANT LOAN CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1991 FY 1993 Project Purpose: To develop the Ministry of Agriculture's to stimulate agricultural growth, continuing policy analysis is sector planning and policy analysis capability by strengthening required. This project is critical to the Mission's objective to the analytical capacity within the Planning and Statistics unit increase food production and farmer productivity in Cameroon. of the Ministry's Department of Studies and Projects (DEP). Phase I has developed a more efficient and accurate data collec- tion capacity. Phase II vill increase emphasis on Institutional- Protect Description: The Ministry of Agriculture, with the ization of the capacity to perfon sector policy analysis. assistance of A.I.D., 1s enhancing its capacity to produce accurate statistics, design and evaluate projects and perfor Host Country and Other Donors: Agriculture is the sector of sector analyses. By strengthening the institutional capabilities concentration for most donore in Cameroon, which include the of the DEP, the project will laprove the basis for agriculture World Bank, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (PAO) policy decisions. and Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). All donors actively support the government's major policy objective to main- An evaluation of the Agriculture Management and Planning I project tato food self-sufficiency. Both Government and other donors are will further refine the focus of the second phase. Annual agri- strongly supportive of the Agriculture Management and Planning cultural surveys, data processing and economic policy analysis project and regularly use the information it generates. will continue to be the primary activities of the DEP throughout Phase II. Eaphasis vill be placed on identifying agricultural Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries of this project will be policies which need change. Phase II will assist the government the senior administrators of the Ministry of Agriculture who will in developing a package of policy adjustments that promote stable gain a deeper insight into the policy questions facing the country growth in the sector. Phase I established a sector monitoring ultimately, farmers will benefit significantly. capability in the DEP through the introduction of statistical collection and analysis methods. The DEP initiated collaboration Ma lor Outputs: The DEP will have established an with agricultural economists to other Ministries, the Agricultural Institutionalized capacity to collect and analyze data that meets University at Dschang, various agriculture projects, and the the needs of Cameroonian policy aakers. A.I.D. Mission to become a focal point of information on the agriculture sector. Through these 11nkages DEP plays a key A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life of Project analytical role in formulating agriculture policy. ($000) The project will produce professional and technical staff capable of collecting data and doing econoaic analysis on the agricultural sector from which more effective strategy can be developed. The project will provide technical assistance, training computers and ancillary software. Technical Assistance Training Commodities Construction 5,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 Total 12,000 Principal Contractor or Aanales Unlilouldete Relationship to 4.1.D. Counts Strategy: In order for Cameroon U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Your Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligations U.S. Departaent of Agriculture 1987 Estimated Total Cost 76 Cape Verde 73 76 73 FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (686) CAPE VERDE BASIC DATA 335 . BANANAS . SALT TOTAL POPULATION. PER CAPITA OND. •FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1004 )FISH EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1972) (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) (DOLLARS, 1904) 320 MANUAL PER CAPITA REAL ANP GROWTH RATE.. (1905- .) % :* {*°733 .X :* {1973 . ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) 12.6% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)PETROLEUM PROD., CORN RICE MTIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S NILLIONS. US, CIF) (1979) (1900) 4 (1981) :* ( * {} LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS ( 1906) TOTAL $9.8 MALE 57.9 FEMALE 61.3 ( 1970) TOTAL $1.6 MALE 49.9 FEMALE 53.2 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) .(.) .(.) AOULT LITERACY RATE (1970) TOTAL 37% MALE 30% FEMALE TRADING PARTNERS: PORTUGAL NETHERLANDS FRANCE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GMP (1984) 69.5% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) apar...:) ) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GDP ..... . (1984) 23% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 405 POPULATION GROWTH RATE... ( 1970) 2.7% ( 1970) 1.1% (1986) 2.5% LL POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. . (1970) 20% (1986) 27% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. .(1970) 7 ( 1966 ) 7 SUBSISTENCE : CORN 30% (1985) CASH: BANANAS 24% (1905) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) BANANAS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.3% (15-64YRS) 49.9% (65+ YRS) MAJON AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1988) CORN , WEAT ,RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 72 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ..... .X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1980) 8,796 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S WILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1980) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, INTESTINAL INF. , HELMINTHIASES .) . (.) .(.) DEATH.. (1980) DIARRHOEAL DIS. .OTHER HEART DIS. ,CEREBROVASCULAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING (S NILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) (.) ( ) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 102% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) . (.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) SON DEFENSE EXPENO I TURE S. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES.. .) • XC.) % (.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : lens AMD X (.) % PRIMARY......... (1980) TOTAL 113 MALE 117 FEMALE 124 78 CAPE VERDE Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 2,587 Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund FY 1988 (Request) 1,000 2,587 1,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 2,587 b/ 1,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 3,923 1,000 Title 11a/ 1,650 1,366 TOTALS 3,923 6,510 1,650 2,650 1,366 2,366 See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Program. b/ Above total includes $587,000 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 and reobligated in FY 1986. de 20 T. 31 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 3 2 2 Foreign National 1 1 1 TOTALS 4 3 3 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 11 LI Category U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale Ab 48 9 39 | | ܗ ܗ ܣ| ܩܐ PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) TC Total A T Total 56 50 11 61 13 10 6 16 43 40 5 45 12. 12 844-- die А 45 11 34 FY 1988 (Request) T Total 10 55 5 16 5 39 10 10 Irrt 12 hect 12 8 10 10 TOTALS 48 56 Gin-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the bAcademic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 18-86) 75 prod tech prior FY. 50 23 73 45 20 65 Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (e.g., CLASP, AMDP). 78 IE 79 any CAPE VERDE PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) Estimated) 2,587 1,000 t Assistance FY 1988 (Request) Introduction 2,587 int Fund pport Fund 1,000 LS 2,587 b/ Cape cde is made up of nine inhabited islands, located about 400 miles west of Senegal. The main productive activity 18 subsistence agriculture. Although leasing of offshore fishing rights and airport fees have provided some limited foreign exchange earnings, remittances from Cape Verdeans working overseas and donor contributions are the mainstay of the economy. The 1slands have a meager natural resource base, limited lofrastructure, lack of trained manpower and a generally arid climate. Soil and water needed for agricultural production are being progressively lost through excessive runoff. Development 18 further inhibited by the poor road system and limited transport between the islands. These problems have placed stress on the rural-based economy, provoking further environmental deterioration and lacreasing rural migration to urban areas. Underemployment and unemployment are estimated at 50% or more on some 1slands. 1,000 1,000 3,923 1,650 1,366 3,923 6,510 $ 1,650 2,650 1,366 2,366 blume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Program. ul Includes $587,000 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 and din FY 1986. Cape Verde's present four-year development plan places top priority on agriculture, Agricultural development focuses on labor-intensive soil and water conservation, reforestation, development of groundwater resources and agricultural research and extension. Under present drought conditions, which have continued over 18 years, Cape Verde has produced only 3% to 10% of its cereal needs. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual (Estimated) (Request) 3 2 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 ment work years of employment. Include HIG, esceu property, and IG personnel workyear * 2,087 hours. U.S. Interests in Cape Verde sten from: (1) the country's strategic geographic location; (2) its position as an lafluential neaber of the non-aligned group of nations, particularly relating to negotiations on Southern Africa issues; (3) humanitarian concerns; and, (4) strong historical and family ties between the United States and Cape Verde because of the large community of Americans of Cape Verdean descent. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date 5 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) T Total А T Total 8 56 50 11 61 4 13 10 6 16 4 43 45 12 12 A.I.D.'s strategy focuses on the agriculture sector with the goal of maximizing productivity and revitalizing the agricultural resource base. A.I.D.'s primary progran objective is to halt environnen tal degradation and laprove agricultural production poteatial. Through u.s.-funded technical assistance under the Watershed Development project (655-0013), the Cape Verdeans are constructing small dikes to aid lo conserving soil and water needed to develop the resource base of the rural economy. These small dikes lapede erosion, enhance infiltration of rainfall and augment recharge of underground water reserves needed for human and animal use and for irrigated agriculture. U.S. funds have provided for construction of 3,400 dikes and 640 kilometers of contour terraces, as well as the planting of more than 87,000 trees in a watershed area encompassing more than 2,000 hectares. Supportive of watershed development and increased food production, the Food Crops Research project (655-0011) 18 improving technological packages and expanding the trained manpower base. The 48 9 39 А 45 11 34 FY 1988 (Request) T Total 10 55 5 16 39 10 10 no 12 12 10 10 48 8 56 participant new starts still in training from the 50 23 73 45 20 65 Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs leg, CLASP, AMDP). 76 75 80 CAPE VERDE University of Arizona, mder Title XII, 18 the prime contractor providing technical assistance, participant training and institutional linkages. A.I.D. 18 an laportant contributor to training Cape Verdeans, with 56 participants in training in FY 1986. Under P.L. 480 Title II. Section 206 the United States supplies naize and other cereals to help alleviate a chronic food deficit. Couplementing the agricultural program, food sales proceeds fund the local currency costs of Labor-latensive dike construction in the watershed area. LA FY 1986, lo addition to the regular P.L. 480 Section 206 program, A.I.D. provided 1,500 MT of ploto beans and 500 MT of navy beans 10 emergency assistance to make up for the wexpected crop loss due to late and inadequate ralos in 1985. PY 1988 Program Requested for ry 1988 18 $1 million for Watershed Development (655-0013) to satisfy the remaining institutional development objectives. P.L. 480 Title II Section 206 for Cape Verde 18 proposed at 15,000 metric tons of maize at an estimated value of $1.366 million. Training will continue under the Africa Regional Human Resources Development Project and APGRAD III, which Includes special fellowships for Portuguese-speaking Africans. A.I.D. Representative: Thomas H. Ball 77 80 81 VERDE aigars? 975 375 1,311 3 rsity of Arizona, under Title XII, is the prime contractor providing ical assistance, participant training and institutional linkages . is an important contributor to training Cape Verdeana, with 56 1 panta in training in my 1986. Under P.L. 480 Title 11. Section 20 ited States supplies maize and other cereals to help alleviate e c food deficit. Complementing the agricultural progran, food sales ds fund the local currency costs of labor-Intensive dike construction watershed area. 1986, in addition to the regular P.L. 480 Section 206 prograa, 4.1.D. d 1,500 MT of plato beans and 500 MT of navy beans to emergency nce to make up for the wexpected crop loss due to late and ate rains to 1985. -jika Ciscord- -XieX -91760 11:945 DITUTES i ; : 17 597 2,200 -2640 Sinoniisi. -::18C Aticus iure ; ; : 1.095 Progra id for FY 1988 1# $1 million for Watershed Development (655-0013) to the remaining lastitutional development objectives. P.L. 480 Title on 206 for Cape Verde 15 proposed at 15,000 metric tons of maize at a ted value of $1.366 million. Training will continue wder the egional Human Resources Development Project and APGRAD III, which special fellowships for Portuguese-speaking Africans. Sir! 1,422 -ACTUAL FYS- 0511 : ; SACTIV presentative: Thomas 1. Ball SUMMARYSE ACTIV! ANO PROPOS PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS O: OCLLARS) -SF11 Fonoami. -Kier; -9:16C 525 ITIONS 1.500 3.5.15 9.611 WN 5,611 $.911 or611 5.511 2,037 2,337 2006 3,593 ticos 5.511 SiNAL 7 82 GRANTS :!1E05 92 LOANS IRANTS 79 LOANS 5 3 LOO PLANN!! JLI: AUTH) INITIAL AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITIOA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE TOTAL FOR ACCIUAT TOTAL 202 ACCOUNT BUREAU FOR AFRICA 655 CAPE VERO! wenzo DEVELOPMENT SAL DESALINATION/POWER 653-0005 San!! DEVELOPENT PROGRAM SAL DESALINATION/ POWER *O0D COOP RESEARCH 635-0005 655-0011 JATERSHED DEVELOʻ587 R!ALTM 055-0013 77 82 SUNDAY ACTIVE AND PROPO5!3 PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) OSS CAPE VERDE 15 32/347 97 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LEY OF FY OF INITOL FINAL OBL! JéLI: LOD PLANN: Aut1 -TOUCH FYS- 9L!;. XDY- #TIONS DITURES Cº -ACTUAL FY. 5 L!:- EXPON- ATIONS JITURSS -OSTIMAT!! FY37- 32LI; :XN- AT ONS DITURES -PROPOSSOSY! 9. 09LI3- !1IN- ATSONS !TURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12.536 11,330 3.799 2.935 2.537 2.077 1.230 3.737 2.196 .7 2,335 2.337 2.077 1.CO 3.97 --- 2.125 --- 3 1.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.000 102 --- --- --- --- 1.000 150 לכן,1 13 1.00 3.924 1.55 3.151 i 126 1.000 3,034 נכס,1 --- 3.151 --- --- SU? AU FOR AFRICA GRANTS 11,336 11,380 LOSS DEVELOPMEXT FIX 2 AFRICA 035-0013 AT: 25-) DEVELOPMENT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.030 GRANTS 1.300 LOIAS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 20.922 17.522 9.374 2.795 2.527 2.124 S22STS ?),522 17.322 9.324 2.795 LOSS 2.557 --- 'Roten to the proceder 79 Cuoreldoorly Yol talchions Alpraco vnteam non, Poprad 21. 103PY finalionai Central ATELCA Republic 28 PLANY? دو بود -T27inFY- 23-11+ c • ATIONS DITUR!S - ACTUAL FYS- SC! ATIONS SITUA! - #57147!) 19?- Ir- HEN- ATXOS "Itu?! 12.336 11.356 3.799 -DOOS93 Y OLI:- !1IN- AT:OKS TURAS 2.136 2.537 2.077 18.136 1.00 2.335 2.1!. 2.387 2.077 1.CJO -- 2.186 93 1,050 -- --- --- -- --- 1.000 1,005 102 --- --- 1.0c --- 1.000 1 JO ינ1,3 130 .374 2.773 2.587 2.126 1.00 7.524 ככ4,3 BL! IVAL TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 624NTS LOIS DEVELOPMENT PURC "OR AFRICA 635-0013 41:RS &VELOPMENT 3 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT GRANTS LOINS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 2)..22 11.522 SRASTS ?), 522 17.522 LOANS 2.95 3.151 2.537 2.126 1.070 1.33 3.151 Central Africa Republic 83 81 86 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Introduction 1.5. ETE The Government of the Central African Republic (GOCAR) has recently shown the political will and courage to pursue programs of economic reforms for the stabilization and recovery of its economy. То stimulate its flagging economy, the government raised producer prices for cotton and coffee, reduced fertilizer subsidies, froze civil service wages and reduced government employment. In its drive to address the problems of the public sector enterprises and to reduce the pressures on budgetary resources, the government liquidated six state enterprises and initiated steps to privatize five others. Progress has also been achieved in the area of public finance, where budgetary deficits have been drastically reduced. T LE 2 BE Despite the remarkable progress of the CAR's economy, GDP growth remains marginal, export growth 18 limited, and domestic savings are negative. To address these problems, in August 1986 a $30 million World Bank structural adjustment program was approved to carry out the objectives of the government's first five-year development plan. The plan's principal aims are: to achieve an annual 4% real GDP growth through an agricultural-led growth strategy based on comparative advantage and progressive opening up of the economy to the interplay of market forces; to reduce the burden of the public sector; and to improve the policy environment within which the private sector operates. A.I.D.'s progran seeks to work in coordination with other donors in developing the agricultural sector and in reinforcing the generally positive policies adopted to date by the government. These policy modifications include the Government's progressive disengagement from the productive sector and the expansion of the private sector. Bilateral relations between the United States and the CAR are excellent. The country has a moderate foreign policy and has a strong pro-western voting record in international fora. The CAR has consistently opposed both Libyan terrorism and communist loterference in Africa. Bordered by war-torn Chad to the north, unstable Sudan to the northeast, and a Marxist-oriented Congolese government to the south, the salatenance of a stable, pro-western CAR 18 important to the United States. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s development strategy for the CAR continues to focus on the agricultural sector, which 18 the engine of economic growth under the GOCAR's five-year development plan. The strategy 18 aimed at locreasing rural incomes and employment opportunities principally through increased farmer productivity, reduction of post-harvest losses and improved marketing of foodstuffs, 1n-country training and short and long-term academic training in the United States. Aga corollary to A.I.D.'s development focus on the agriculture sector, 84 87 86 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC REPUBLIC A.I.D. will continue to collaborate with the World Bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and other donors to bolster the GOCAR's efforts at reforming the civil service. A.I.D. and other donors will also continue to support and encourage the government's actions to expand the role of the private sector in the developmer of the country. of the Central African Republic (GOCAR) has recently ical will and courage to pursue programs of econonic stabilization and recovery of its econony. To lagging economy, the government raised producer prices coffee, reduced fertilizer subsidies, froze civil nd reduced governsent eaployment. In Its drive to blems of the public sector enterprises and to reduce a budgetary resources, the government liquidated slı es and initiated steps to privatize five others. 80 been achieved in the area of public finance, where its have been drastically reduced. U.S. assistance to the CAR since the resumption of aid in FY 1982 has been modest. In agriculture and rural development, the Rural Development project (676-0015) has completed its rice and agriculture components; the fishery activities, transferred to the Peace Corps, are now being lmplemented. Phase I of the Post Harvest Food Systens project (676-0016) continues to gather baseline data on food crop availability, prices in rural markets, insect infestation, and traditional food crop processing. A study of the constraints of existing nille has been undertaken and the testing of an animal-powered mill and the initiation of a village extension program are under way. The Rural Enterprise Development project (676-0017) 18 being implemented by Africare. The project 18 designed to increase rural Incomes and improve agricultural productivity through the development of marketing structures and the provision of technical and management assistance to small farmers. A.I.D. also will provide funds in FY 1987 through the regional Human Resources Development project for short and long-tern traloing. arkable progress of the CAR's economy, GDP growth 1, export growth is llaited, and domestic savings are idress these problems, in August 1986 a $30 sillion ctural adjustment program was approved to carry out of the government's first five-year development plan. cipal alns are: to achieve an annual 4% real GDP in agricultural-led growth strategy based on antage and progressive opening up of the economy to f market forces; to reduce the burden of the public improve the policy environment within which the perates. A.I.D.'s program seeks to work in ch other donors in developing the agricultural sector ing the generally positive policies adopted to date by These policy aodifications include the Government's ngagement froe the productive sector and the private sector. FY 1988 Program A.I.D. is requesting $2 million in Development Fund for Africa assistance in FY 1988 to fund the continuation of the Rural Enterprise Development project (676-0017). Mission Director: Jay P. Johnson (Resident in Cameroon) ons between the United States and the CAR are country has a moderate foreign policy and has a rn voting record in International fora. The CAR has osed both Libyan terrorism and communist Interference ered by var-torn Chad to the north, unstable Sudan to ad a Marxist-oriented Congolese government to the enance of a stable, pro-western CAR 18 Laportant to 3. it Strategy and Accomplishments to Date lent strategy for the CAR continues to focus on the or, which is the engine of economic growth under the development plan. The strategy 18 aloed at Incomes and employment opportunities principally farmer productivity, reduction of post-harvest ed marketing of foodstuffs, in-country training and rm acadeaic training in the United States. As a ).'s development focus on the agriculture sector, 85 84 86 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Introduction 3.6. * The Government of the Central African Republic (GOCAR) has recently shows the political will and courage to pursue programs of economic reforms for the stabilization and recovery of its economy. To stimulate its flagging economy, the governnent raised producer prices for cotton and coffee, reduced fertilizer subsidies, froze civil service wages and reduced government employment. In its drive to address the problems of the public sector enterprises and to reduce the pressures on budgetary resources, the government liquidated six state enterprises and initiated steps to privatize five others. Progress has also been achieved in the area of public finance, where budgetary deficits have been drastically reduced. Despite the remarkable progress of the CAR's economy, GDP growth remains marginal, export growth is limited, and domestic savings are negative. To address these problems, in August 1986 a $30 million World Bank structural adjustment program was approved to carry out the objectives of the government's first five-year development plan. The plan's principal aims are: to achieve an annual 4% real GDP growth through an agricultural-led growth strategy based on comparative advantage and progressive opening up of the economy to the interplay of market forces; to reduce the burden of the public sector; and to improve the policy environment within which the private sector operates. A.I.D.'s program seeks to work in coordination with other donors in developing the agricultural sector and in reinforcing the generally positive policies adopted to date by the government. These policy modifications include the Government's progressive disengagement from the productive sector and the expansion of the private sector. Bilateral relations between the United States and the CAR are excellent. The country has a moderate foreign policy and has a strong pro-western voting record la international fora. The CAR has consistently opposed both Libyan terrorism and communist interference la Africa. Bordered by var-torn Chad to the north, unstable Sudan to the northeast, and a Marxist-oriented Congolese government to the south, the maintenance of a stable, pro-western CAR 18 Important to the United States. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s development strategy for the CAR continues to focus on the agricultural sector, which 18 the engine of economic growth under the GOCAR's five-year development plan. The strategy is aimed at increasing rural incomes and employment opportunities principally through increased farmer productivity, reduction of post-harvest losses and laproved marketing of foodstuffs, in-country training and short and long-tern academic training in the United States. As a corollary to A.I.D.'s development focus on the agriculture sector, 84 87 86 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC - REPUBLIC A.1.D. will continue to collaborate with the World Bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and other donors to bolster the GOCAR's efforts at reforming the civil service. A.I.D. and other donors will also continue to support and encourage the government's actions to expand the role of the private sector in the development of the country. of the Central African Republic (GOCAR) has recently Ecal will and courage to pursue programs of economic stabilization and recovery of its economy. To agging economy, the governaent raised producer prices coffee, reduced fertilizer subsidies, froze civil ed reduced govemaent employment. In its drive to lems of the public sector enterprises and to reduce budgetary resources, the government liquidated six 8 and initiated steps to privatize five others. 10 been achieved in the area of public finance, where its have been drastically reduced. U.S. assistance to the CAR since the resumption of aid in FY 1982 has been modest. In agriculture and rural development, the Rural Development project (676-0015) has completed its rice and agriculture components; the fishery activities, transferred to the Peace Corps, are now being implenented. Phase I of the Post Harvest Food Systems project (676-0016) continues to gather baseline data on food crop availability, prices in rural markets, Insect infestation, and traditional food crop processing. A study of the constraints of existing mille has been undertaken and the testing of an animal-powered m111 and the initiation of a village extension program are under way. The Rural Enterprise Development project (676-0017) 1s being implemented by Africare. The project 18 designed to lacrease rural incomes and improve agricultural productivity through the development of marketing structures and the provision of technical and management assistance to small farmers. A.I.D. also vill provide funds in FY 1987 through the regional Human Resources Development project for short and long-term training. FY 1988 Program rkable progress of the CAR's economy, GDP growth , export growth 18 limited, and domestic savings are dress these problems, 1a August 1986 a $30 aillion tural ad justment program was approved to carry out f the government's first five-year development plan. 1 pal ains are: to achieve an annual 4% real GDP n agricultural-led growth strategy based on atage and progressive opening up of the econoay to market forces; to reduce the burden of the public mprove the policy environment within which the perates. A.I.D.'s program seeks to work la h other donors to developing the agricultural sector ag the generally positive policies adopted to date by These policy modifications include the Government's ngagement from the productive sector and the private sector. A.I.D. is requesting $2 million in Development Fund for Africa assistance in FY 1988 to fund the continuation of the Rural Enterprise Development project (676-0017). Mission Director: Jay P. Johnson (Resident in Cameroon) ons between the United States and the CAR are country has a moderate foreign policy and has a m voting record la international fora. The CAR has osed both Libyan terrorism and conmunist Interference ered by war-torn Chad to the north, unstable Sudan to ad a Marxist-oriented Congolese government to the Dance of a stable, pro-westero CAR 18 Laportant to 3. 10 Strategy and Accoaplishments to Date 85 ent strategy for the CAR continues to focus on the or, which is the engine of economic growth under the development plan. The strategy 18 aised at Incomes and employment opportunities principally farmer productivity, reduction of post-harvest ed marketing of foods tuffs, 1a-country training and o academic training in the United States. Aga ). 's development focus on the agriculture sector, 84 88 SUMMARY 0 ACTIV! AND PROPOS! PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 16 02106/97 CP 03 BUREAU POR APRICA CENTRAL APR RIPUBLIC 675 - PROPOSSO RYB9- 9LIG. SIPEN- ATIONS !!TURSS -ACTUAL FY&S- OSLIO ATIONS DITURUS . -ISTIATI FY97- SLIS- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES - ROUGN FYS3- OBLIŽ EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L PY OF FY OF I INITIAL OVAL 5 OL!G L! 7 LOP PLANA: AUT) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 100 150 292 --- --- 1.000 32 1.000 . 32 730 ܐܘܪ ... COO COS ils 20 --- 500 --- 1.013 1.640 CE 2,640 2.440 --- 1.330 1.960 6,270 1.361 1,350 1.940 639 1.000 1.061 --- -- --- --- --- LOANS DEVELOPMENT FUND POR APRICA 2.000 OCS --- --- --- ... --- --- . 36 ) 3,100 1.000 OCS 2.900 --- --- --- --- 2.300 OCS LOANS 2.009 1.930 1.52 667 1.02 2.30 1.953 1.330 1.000 6.200 1,061 1.940 675-0015 CAR • RUZAL DEVELOPRINT ССС" 3,200 673-0016 G RURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 3.70) 3.700 675-2017 AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT (PVO 1,950 1.000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1,160 7.140 1.330 GRANTS 6.200 1.140 7.140 673-0017 AGRICULTURAL ENTEPRIS! DEVELOPMENT (PVO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.000 1.550 GRANTS 3.330 1.050 COJNTRT TOTAL 1940 1,061 4.279 TOTAL 12.140 3,200 GRANTS 13.140 1.200 --- DOO --- O. LOANS cudert AC PAS n. IPY 88 68 1.000 --- 1.000 1.03 **KICULTUR, RURAL EV. AND NUTRITION 671-0015 82 32 CAR - RURAL DEVELOPN! 67-0016 G RURAL ENTERORISE DEVELOP 4147 22 150 100 3.703 3.700 3.270 513 COS COO 730 --- 2.440 2.440 1.440 O. 1.03 AGRICULTURAL ENTERORISE DEVELOPMENT (VO CC --- 005 TOTAL PO ACCOUNT 6,290 1.561 1.960 OCO 1.950 7.140 1.330 GRANTS 7.140 1.140 6,290 1.261 1.940 65 1.025 1.350 --- 1.330 LOANS -O. --- --- --- --- DEVELOPMENT PUND OR APRIC & -- 5,000 1.060 --- AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRIS! DEVELOPMENT (PVO 2100-$29 615-0017 --- --- --- --- 2.00 OCS ) TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.000 1.00 2.00 OCS GRANTS 5.300 1.050 2.300 OCS LOANS --- COSUTRY TOTAL TOTAL 12.140 9.200 4.299 1.261 1.960 1.02 1.5 2.00 1.930 GRINTS 12.140 ) 6.200 . 1.°40 1-09 1.53 2.000 CO2. **? " LOANS Chad 87 90 COUNTRY: (677) CHAD FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA X 12% () BASIC DATA *FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) 4,534 MAJOR EXPORTS 1984 )COTTON MEAT .FISH PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, EXPORTS TO V.S. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 64 ( 1965- .) (1984) o (1985) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 0% (1983) 94% (1984) os ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-83) 8.3% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984)CEMENT . PETROLEUM FLOUR NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) (1984) 19 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1985) 28 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 3% (1983) (1986) TOTAL 37.9 16% (1984) 16% MALE 37.0 FEMALE 38.5 ( 1970) TOTAL 32.3 MALE 29.6 FEMALE 34.9 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -24(83) -21(84) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1963) TOTAL 6% MALE FEMALE "X TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE ,CAMEROON , UNITED STATES EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1982) 38.3% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, AMUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.). 1984) .) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) • X AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP (1982) 40% SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY | SO KW OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 10 POPULATION GROWTH RATE... ( 1970) 1.5% (1978) 1.7% (1986) 2.0% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) (1986) 22% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) 5 (1986) SUBSISTENCE: MILLET , SORGHUN ,PEANUTS 37% (1985) CASH: COTTON 5% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , RAW SUGAR (0-14YRS) 43.6% (15-64YRS) 54.7% (65+ YRS) 1.7% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 146 .) .X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES (1970) 47,644 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1974) DISEASE (1978) MALARIA AMOEBIASIS 69 (75) SCHI STOSOMIASIS 85 (76) 85 DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1974) 80 (75) 95 (76) 97 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. DEFICITI - OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1977) 76% (1974) 11 (75) -10 (76) - 12 DEFENSE EXPENDITURES POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 30% AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1974) 19.1% (75) 19.9% (76) 25.8% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP ..... . XC.) . %.) . % PRIMARY ...... (1976) TOTAL 33.7 MALE FEMALE 18.0 SECONDARY (1976) TOTAL 3.7 NALE 7.4 FEMALE 0.0 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, QROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY.. (1976) TOTAL 0.2 MALE 0.3 FEMALE 0.0 (SMILLIONS, V.S.) (1992) 17 (83) 32 (84) EQUIVALENT TO 3. 1 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 88 (1974 X 90 16 KATE.. X 0% (1983) OX 94% (1984) FLOUR .PETROLEUM AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1924 )CEMENT IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) .) (1965- .) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-83) 8.3% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LON 20% OF POPULATION..! LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS. (1986) TOTAL 37.9 MALE 37.0 (1970) TOTAL 32.3 MALE 29.6 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1963) TOTAL 6% MALE 12% . X 19 (1985) 16X (1964) 28 3% (1983) 16% FEMALE 38.5 FEMALE 34.9 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -24(83) -21(84) FEMALE TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE CAMEROON , UNITED STATES (***} • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1982) 38.3% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE :-) (3 MILLIONS, U.S.).... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS * OF GOP. (1982) 40% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SG KW OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 10 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.5% (1978) 1.7% (1986) 2.0% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) ( 1986) 22% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... . (1970) (1986) SUBSISTENCE: MILLET , SORGHWM , PEANUTS 37% (1985) CASH: COTTON .... 5% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( 1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( 1985) COTTON POPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP (0-16VRS) *3.6% (15-64VRS) 54.7% (65• VRS) 1.7% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , RAW SUGAR PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) *** .) X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1978) 47.644 *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ( MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1970) MALARIA (1974) . SCHI STOSOMIASIS : AMDEGIASIS :SCHISTO (187) 60 (75) 85 (76) DEATM.. ( ) 06 TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (MILLIONS U.S.) (1974) so (75) 95 (76) 97 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS AX OF REOUIREMENTS (1977) 70X DE 1CIT(-) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS. U.s.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE Access To SAFE WATER SUPPLV 100) 20 (1974) 11 (79) - 10 (76) DEENSE EXPENDITURES, TOTAL EXPENDITUNES. RATIO 0 ***3 TOTAL SCHOOL *** 2 ** - 12 POPULATION ENROL INAOE GROUPE {"*723 19.1 ECCAR - SOAL CHAD Title 1 P.L 480 Other Grant UBOT Title 11a/ Category TOTALS TOTALS Economic Support Fund Grant Loon Development Fund Development Assistance Category AIO 370-24) Academic: degree seeking during the FY & carryover stili in training from the en-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 39 18 57 A5 1 1 14,990 1,471 17 I 39 JOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 9 9 (Actual FY 1986 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excess property, and IG personnel. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE (Estimated) 9 FY 1987 9 (Request) FY 1988 Program. al See Main Volume P.L. 480 b/ The above total for ESF includes $250,000 in local cost support. ble for country kout of ld Food 17 T (Actual) FY 1986 18 Total A PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA Estimated) FY 1987 10 Total 68 FY 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) 4,000 (Estimated) FY 1987 S7 37 00 100 10,589 1,589 1,589 9,000 5,000 5,000 b/ 4,000 37 CLAS AMDP) 39 84 Participants funded under regional programs (eg, Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programe 45 27 72 36 ävio 10,482 10,000 5,000 482 482 5,000 5,000 1 5,000 (Request) FY 1988 T (Request) FY 1988 14 Total 58 1 92 CHAD Introduction at 27 . 1 With an estimated per capita income of about $130 in 1985, Chad 18 one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Development 18 constrained by (1) the country's landlocked position, which creates high commercial transportation costs; (2) great internal distances, which hinder political and economic lategration; (3) climatic variability, which leads to fluctuations in agricultural production; and (4) the heavy cost of resisting Libyan ailitary aggression. Chad does have, however, a number of factors in its favor. Its economic system is noteworthy for its liberal pricing and marketing policies which have created a dynamic informal sector. The country is also blessed with considerable agricultural potential, with extensive areas of arable land in the south, two perennial rivere (Logone and Chart) and low population density. There is considerable potential for irrigation, and in years of normal rainfall, agricultural production has reached self-sufficiency levels. In this respect, Chad is among the better off countries of the Sahel. However, the continued Libyan military occupation of the northern 40% of Chad discourages potential investment in the country, thereby hindering economic growth. 2 Although foreign military assistance 18 still required to prevent further Libyan expansion, relative peace and security exist in southern and central Chad, where 97% of the population lives. Chad's economy is agriculturally based. The good harvest of 1985 and the same prospect for 1986 would have Improved economic conditions if not for the locust infestation in the deficit-prone Sahellan zone and a 50% decline in the world market price for cotton, the country's key foreign exchange earner. The Government of Chad (GOC) relies upon cotton export earnings to provide 25% of its revenues. Cotton 1s also a source of income for over two-fifths of Chad's population of 5 million people. Other industrial activities associated with cotton production, 1.e., ginning, oil extraction and textile manufacturing, were also adversely affected by the fall in cotton prices. This precipitous price drop, coupled with the costs associated with resistance to Libyan aggression, triggered a severe budgetary crisis for Chad which the International Monetary Pund (IMF) predicts will last at least to the beginning of the next decade. The Chadian response has been three-fold: (1) to maintain its current development program as agreed upon with the donors at the Geneva Roundtable Conference held in December 1985; (2) to revitalize its cotton sector with assistance from the World Bank and the French; and (3) to seek temporary external relief in the form of budgetary support. France and the United States have taken the lead in providing budgetary support; however, Chad 18 also requesting further IMF and World Bank assistance, The United States' primary political objective is to help assure the territorial lotegrity and national independence of Chad. with the threat of further Libyan expansionism, it 18 important that the United States continue to assist Chad to maintain its status as a sovereign nation and to 1 90 92 93 CHAD on direct as much of its energies as possible toward development. U.S. interest ia Chad is humanitarian as well as developmental. The United States, in response to crop losses due to locust infestation and Insufficient rainfall lo the Sahellan zone, is providing emergency food assistance in addition to emergency short-tern assistance to control the locusts. Developmental assistance is focused on strengthening the GOC's capability to malatalo its road network and revitalizing the agriculture sector. A.I.D. Developent Strategy and Accomplishments to Date tinated per capita lacone of about $130 in 1985, Chad 18 one of t and least developed countries in the vorld. Developent 18 d by (1) the country's landlocked position, which creates bigh transportation costs; (2) great internal distances, which hinder and economic integration; (3) climatic variability, which leads tlons la agricultural production; and (4) the heavy cost of Libyan ailitary aggression. Chad does have, hovever, a number of its favor. Its econonic systes 18 notevorthy for its liberal marketing policies which have created a dynaaic Informal le country to also blessed with considerable agricultural with extensive areas of arable land in the south, two perennial one and Chart) and low population density. There 18 Ce potential for irrigation, and to years of normal rainfall, 1 production has reached self-sufficiency levels. In this ad 16 among the better off countries of the Sahel. However, the 1byan ailitary occupation of the northern 40% of Chad potential loves taent in the country, thereby hindering economic In response to drought conditions in Chad, A.I.D. provided substantial food and other relief assistance in the past. A.I.D.'s emphasis has now shifted from relief to longer-term economic development, based on improving productivity within the agricultural sector, with the small farmer as the pivotal force, To design and apply appropriate technology, A.I.D., under the Private and Voluntary Organization (PVO) Development Initiatives project (677-0051), 18 supporting the introduction of inexpensive Irrigation and drainage systems on heretofore unused productive land. Taking advantage of Chad's relatively high water table, fertile wadis and two major rivers, the Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) will focus on efforts to develop small-scale Irrigation along the Chari River and in vadis north of Lake Chad. Africare will undertake construction of water catchment dans around Abeche in Eastern Chad, while Organization for Rehabilitation Through Training (ORT) and International Human Assistance Programs (IHAP) launch agricultural production activities east of Lake Chad and southeast of Ndjamena, respectively. Both ORT and IHAP plan to utilize Peace Corps volunteers to work directly with the village farmers. Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA) 18 continuing its private enterprise program of loans to small farmers and businessmen in the Nd Janena area, but will also play a role la agriculture development in the area contiguous to the capital. reign military assistance 18 still required to prevent further ision, relative peace and security exist in southern and central 971 of the population lives. Chad's economy 18 agriculturally good harvest of 1985 and the same prospect for 1986 vould have nomic conditions if not for the locust infestation in the ze Sahelian zone and a 503 decline in the world asrket price for country's key foreign exchange earner. The Government of Chad upon cotton esport earnings to provide 251 of its revenues. 90 a source of income for over two-fifths of Chad's population people. Other industrial activities associated with cotton t.e., ginning, oil extraction and textile manufacturing, vere by affected by the fall lo cotton prices. This precipitous Foupled with the costs associated with resistance to Libyan riggered a severe budgetary crisis for Chad which the Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts will last at least to the the next decade. A.I.D.'s largest project, Strengthening Road Maintenance (677-0050), 18 providing technical assistance to the Ministry of Public Works lo roads nalatenance. The project will partially fund the rehabilitation of the road to Lake Chad to improve both farm-to-market transportation and to furnish access to the country's only rock quarry. 28 ponge has been three-fold: (1) to maintain its current ogran as agreed upon with the donors at the Geneva Roundtable d to Decesber 1985; (2) to revitalize its cotton sector vith o the World Bank and the French; and (3) to seek temporary f in the fon of budgetary support. Prance and the United ken the lead in providing budgetary support; however, Chad 18 3 further IMP and World Bank assistance. ces' primary political objective is to help assure the egrity and national independence of Chad. With the threat an expansionism, 1t 18 laportant that the United States 1st Chad to maintain its status as a sovereign nation and to In 1986, the critical and unexpected loss of cotton export earnings combined with the resumption of Libyan aggression has dealt serious blows to Chad's fragile economy already weakened by 20 years of civil strife and devastating droughts. As a result, revenues are insufficient to keep the government functioning effectively. To assist in redressing this severe deficit (estimated at about $22 million), A.I.D. provided $7 million 10 Economic Support Funds (ESF) in FY 1986 to fu salaries of the civilian aloistries. A.I.D. is also lnvolved in health care, population planning and oral rehydration therapy. A Harvard University tean is gathering statistics to enable the Maistry of 'Health to plan for modest expansion of health 91 90 94 CHAD services. The Regional Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) project (625-0963), laplemented by Africare in cooperation with other donors, is training Chadian personnel to administer ORT sachete. Integral to the ORT activities 18 a pilot family planning program. Under the Africa Regional Human Resources Development project (625-0960), 90 Chadlans have returned from long and short-term training in the U.S. and other African countries and are now working in the areas of agriculture, planning, health and public works. Bight are occupying senior-level positions within the government. Chad's P.L. 480 progran has shifted from an emergency to a development phase. Using Title II commodities valued at $1.471 million in FY 1986 and $1.589 million in FY 1987, CARE 18 managing Food for Work projects in the prefectures of Kanen and Batha. PY 1988 Program One new project, Support to Development Ministries III (677-0053), will be funded from the Econonic Support Pund at a planned level of $5 million. The Development Fund for Africa (DFA) vill provide $5 million 10 FY 1988 for the ongoing Strengthening Road Maintenance project (677-0050). Also, $.482 million of P.L. 480 Title II resources are planned for Chad. Mission Director: John Woods 92 94 96 or: John Woods of P.L. 480 Title II resources are planned for Chad. 18 Strengthening Road Malatenance project (677-0050). Also, 10 Pund for Africa (DFA) will provide $5 million in FY 1988 he Econotic Support Pund at a planned level of $5 atillon. ct, Support to Developaent Ministries III (677-0053), vill be of Kanes and Batha. o in FY 1987, CARE 18 managing Food for work projects in the Title II commodities valued at $1.471 million 10 YY 1986 and 480 program has shifted from an emergency to a development thin the governaent. alth and public vorks. Bight are occupying senior-level a countries and are now working to the areas of agriculture, have returned from long and short-tern training in the U.S. and rica Regional Husan Resources Development project (625-0960), 18 a pilot fanily planning progra. #onnel to administer ORT sachets. Integral to the ORT by Africare la cooperation with other donors, 18 traloing The Regional Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) project (625-0963), SUOMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN MOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 17 02/06/07 BUREAU FOR AFRICA ܐܐܘ CP 33 -THROUGH FY:9- 69-533 0 - 87 - 4 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L INITIAL FINAL 03LI: PLANNED -NO 1766 -!:760 -ACTUAL PYS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -OSTAT! Y37- 24LI; EXPEN- ATIONS DITUS -OROPOSED FY49- Lii- EXEN- 4TIONS DITURES .:76C CHI ATIONS OITURES SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 12.30 --- C6 --- ... .. --- ܕܪܪܘܐܐܘ --- 3.752 i STRENGTNNING. 204) MAINTENANCE TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.023 --- -- --- 3.750 --- --- GRANTS 12.000 3.750 LOANS SAMEL JEVELOPMENT PROGRA 322 3 43 077-0022 RURAL SANITARY ATIR 65 1.657 3 5.500 1.200 133 35 2.75? 1.507 $ 677-3041 ELIF 6 REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES I 5.500 5.520 5.02 --- --- OCC'S --- 3 les 1.002 4.000 677-0053 3 STRENGININIW; ROAD MAINTENANCE כמנהל ... 3,725 35 4. JOG 10. CCOO, 5.500 300 39 677-0051 OVO DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES 11.725 16,725 95 CSS --- 350 25 10 203 75 077-034 3 JRAL FEMYDRATION 1-2247 350 15.54! 3.597 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9,97 2.419 4.000 OCC 3,95 21,543 23.2. 15.543 3.597 GRANTS 4.000 2.619 42C 9,597 6.296 11.543 25.246 --- --- DOO --- LCAS --- DEVELOPMENT FUN FOR AFRICA --- --- ... --- --- --- ) 5.00 1,"52 13.00 7,991 077-0053 3 STRENGTHENIN 2942 MAINTENANCE "Rater to the banned project womery hot 93 26 98 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PRCJECTS (IN MOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 29. 18 32/34/37 SUREAU FOR APRICA 077 CMAD CN CP 89 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -THROUGH FY 35 - LY OF ET OP 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 OBLIG OL! LOP PLANNID 4UTMD -NjaX - SI780 .ACTUAL F786 OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIHATID HY37- EXPON- JITURES -SIC SROI11 ITIONS DITURSS -PROPOS!D*Y83- OSLI; - EXPEN- ATIONS 3 TURS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- --- --- , CCCS 9.750 --- ... --- 5.102 --- --- 1,759 --- --- DOO ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- -- 250 259 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 93 12.517 12.319 5.000 2.519 173 4,7%) 4,000 6.900 --- --- 2500-229 93 STRENGTHENSUS DEVELOPMENÍ *INISTRI23 11 1.000 1.000 --- 7.000 --- --- 003s --- 0002 98 5.300 --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.00! 5.099 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.173 5.00 9,230 5.000 13.000 --- --- COUNTRY TOTAL 10.000 39.197 13.000 9.951 GRANTS 10.000 LOANS 677-000A LOCAL SUPPORT COST-CHAD 37 97 250 29 3.000 677-0047 . STRENGTHENINO DEVELOPSEN! SINISTRIES 3.000 2.000 1.900 OGOS 677-0050 0 STRENGTHENIN: ROAD MAINT!NANCE 677-0055 SUPORT TO DEVELONENT INISTRIES 111 : 27.769 22.769 OCCO COG2 9,519 1.173 3.023 °,250 9.02 13,009 PRANTS 27,769 22.76 8.000 2.000 9.519 LOANS TOTAL 71.312 57.6 21,563 5.597 13,319 3.592 9.00 15.966 10.000 33,197 ORANTS 71.312 37,774 23,543 3,597 13.51 3,592 7.003 15.964 LOANS . --- APASO'ne 96 97 OBLIG 36: AUTO VOLI- EXPIN- ATIONS DITURss OBLIG- ATIONS DITURUS -Utiert - DILIS- ATIONS OIRES 2005:0 •**- OILI;- XN- ATIONS ):7veis TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 13.000 --- GRANTS --- --- 10.000 9.33 9.750 LOANS --- --- --- --- 3.10 9.750 250 230 --- --- --- 290 677-0047 STRENGTHENIN: DEVELOPMENT INISTRIES 3.000 3.300 --- --- 3.000 2.000 1.000 --- --- --- --- 12.31 12.319 5.000 --- 2.319 STRENGTNININ 3 ROAD NAINTINANCE 677-0052 STRENGTHENINS DEVELOPMENÍ MINISTRIES II 4,793 4.000 --- 7.000 1.000 6.000 7.300 --- 5.000 --- 2.900 5.390 --- --- ; 5.000 5. 002 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 27.769 22.769 3.000 2.203 9.51 1.173 :נ3,0 GRANTS 9.250 9.00 13,200 27.769 22.76 8.020 2.000 LOANS 9.51 1.173 5.00 O. 9,250 5.00 13.000 TOTAL 71.312 57.96 23.343 5.597 13.51 3.392 9.00 SRANTS 10.000 32. 197 71.312 37.4 23.343 3.5.7 LOANS 3.32 "S? 19.966 10.000 10.17 " NEW PONED PROGRAM SUMMARY CHEET Funding NG, RD IN moronto OBLIGATION Source the towards Support to Development Ministries ESF FY 1988 Ute of Project Funding III 5,000 5,000 Nund 677-0055 Population ED. & HR Sol. Act Inida Obligation Estimated Find obligation Emmotud Completion Det of Proin GRANT LOAN CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1988 FY 1988 Purpose: To assist the Government of Chad (COC) to maintain maintenance of effective civil administration and the continued financial, political and social stability during a difficult provision of public services. Budgetary support for the period of national reconstruction and economic adjustment. operation of civilian ministries will contribute to this objective. Project Background and Description: The priæ of cotton, Chad's principal source of foreign exchange and tax revenues, Host Country and Other Donors: The GOC is attempting to expand collapsed in 1985 and is expected to remain low until the its tax base, Timit expenditures, and improve its financial 1990's. Since 1985, the already austere GOC budget has been management. France is expected to provide $10-15 million in frozen and tax revenues have fallen by 10 percent, which will budget support, and will also provide technical assistance to produce deficits of nearly $22 million in both 1986 and 1987. improve the efficiency of the Ministry of Finance. Pinal These economic problems are compounded by the Libyan invasion negotiations are underway for an IMF $17 million structural of the northern Chad. adjustment facility for balance of payments assistance for 1987-89. The World Bank is expected to lend $20 million from The GOC is taking necessary corrective action. For the short the Special Pund for Africa to provide investment capital term, the GOC is implementing an IMF adjustment program to during the adjustment period. reduce the financial deficits through development of new sources of tax revenue and strict ceilings on public Beneficiaries: GOC employees and Chad's citizens who will be expenditures. Specific measures include sale of land and other recipients of government services. GOC assets, a freeze on the level of civil service employment, and reform of budget and treasury operations. In the longer Major Outputs: ($ 000) term, the QOC has embarked on a program with the assistance of Payment of Civilian Salaries 5,000 the World Bank and other donors to restore the cotton sector to profitability as well as diversify into other activities. TO ($000) help the QOC make the necessary adjustments while maintaining A.I.D.-Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project essential services, A.I.D. will provide $5 million in budgetary Budgetary Support 5,000 support to pay salaries and other related expenses of civilian ministries. These funds will be released in quarterly tranches Total $5,000 in coordination with French budgetary assistance. This will partially compensate for the lost revenues from the cotton sector. ECONONIC SUPPORT UNO 677-000A LOCAL SUPPORT COST-CHAD 677-0050 477-0053 SUPPORT TO DEVELOPMENT INI STRIUS III COUNTRY TOTAL CYAD Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The United States government's cojective in Chad is to promote stability in the face of external aggression. Implicit in this is the Principal Contractono Agondoa Unliguidated U S FINANCING (In thousands of dolları) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuna Year Obligations Proposed Fiscal Yes 1988 5.000 None Estimated Total Cort 5.000 86 Comoros 97 98 66 Comoros FV 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (602) COMOROS •FORE I GN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )PERFUME OILS , VANILLA . COPRA 402 TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) (1984) 22% (1984) 2 (1985) 28% (1985) 39 PER CAPITA GNP ......... (DOLLARS. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-83) -0.6% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) CEMENT FUELS MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)RICE & FOOD IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( .) % O (1984) 0% (1984) (1985) 2% (1985) 2 6% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 54.2 (1970) TOTAL 47.9 MALE 52.5 MALE 46.6 FEMALE 56.1 FEMALE 49.2 TRADE BALANCE(S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -23(85) -5(84) - 10 52% TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM ( 1966) TOTAL ADULT LITERACY RATE 58% MALE 66% FEMALE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1982) 64.1% COUNTRY: BASIC DATA 'AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS. U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) 3 (1984) .) ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( .) X AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP ........ ( .) • SOCIAL DATA .% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.8% (1978) 3.0% (1986) 3.3% POPULATION DENSITY / SO K OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 342 (1970) BX (1986) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 25% (1996) 7 MAJOR CROP (S) SUBSISTENCE : COCONUTS ,CASSAVA , BANANAS CASH; COCONUTS , VANILLA .CLOVES ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 71% (1985) 71% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION ( .) 3.6% 98 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: ( 1985) PERFUME ESSENCE VANILLA ,CLOVE SPOPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 47.9% (15-64YRS) 48.5% (65+ VRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) RICE , WHEAT RAW SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ( 1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1978) 15.950 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( (.) DEATH..( : TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ( ) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (.) (.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY .) 89% .X 100 COMOROS Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) 750 600 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 750 600 700 Development Fund Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 750 600 700 P.L. 480 Title 1 alTitle 11 E TOTALS 750 600 700 Footnotes: al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Progran. FY 1987 FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY 1986 (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS o Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear - 2,087 hours. FY 1988 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) Ab TC Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regionale Third Country Participants 1 2 2 2 Bilateral d 1 2 2 Regionale TOTALS 1 1 2 2 2 2 a ln-training refer to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. bAcademic: degree reking Participants funded under regional programs (6.g., CLASE, AMDP). AID 370-2 (880) NN INNI - prior FY, 99 100 101 COMOROS egory PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actua) (Estimated) 750 600 ent Assistance FY 1988 (Request) Introduction 750 600 nent Fund Support Fund 700 The Comoros archipelago consists of four volcanic islands located in the Mozambique Channel halfway between Madagascar and Tanzania. Three of the islands form the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros and one remains associated with France. Comoros has a population of 450,000, with a growth rate of 3% and a per capita income of $310. The economy 18 overwhelmingly agricultural and exports consist mainly of vanilla, copra, cloves and ylang-ylang, an oil used for perfumes. These exports do not provide enough foreign exchange to cover imports of rice, fuel and other consumer goods. Thus, there 18 a chronic deficit in the balance of payments which is covered by substantial assistance inflows. TALS 750 600 700 : The Comoros are strategically located at the northern entrance of the Mozambique channel. The Government is openly friendly to the United States, and we geek to encourage the Comoros' pro-Western orientation through economic and humanitarian support. CALS 750 600 700 lain Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food 23. While the Government is aware of the need for development, its options are limited. Maize production as a substitute for imported rice is being encouraged, but the results will take time. Fishing 18 constrained by the lack of even rudimentary port facilities and the agricultural sector suffers fron major deforestation problems. Viable export alternatives are extremely limited. The Industrial base 18 practically nonexistent, in part because of the relatively small market and inter-island transportation and communication difficulties. Also, the internal road network and transportation infrastructure are insufficient. Although health care 18 provided free, It 18 limited by the lack of facilities and trained manpower. Since independence in 1975 the Government has not had sufficient time and resources to develop and retain an adequate cadre of trained personnel. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actuell (Estimated) (Request) is equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and IG personnel !: One workyear - 2,087 hours. The economic outlook for the immediate future remains bleak. Possible la port substitution effects of increased naize production will take several years to improve the balance of payments. Food importe, mostly in the form of rice, account for over 30% of total imports. The government must reduce this share to free foreign exchange resources for critical development needs. The major exports, vanilla and cloves, have good prospects in international markets. But prices for secondary exporta, copra and ylang-ylang, remain severely depressed with little prospect for early recovery PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) Aъ TO Total A T Total FY 1987 FY 1988 (Request) T KI А Total 11 A.I.D Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D. 18 providing assistance in the Comoros through the private and voluntary organization (PVO), CARE. CARE has established a local headquarters operation with a country representative. A.I.D. 18 coordinating its activities with the World Food Program which is carrying out a complementary food-for-work program in the Comoros. A.I.D.'s objectives are to increase Comoros's agricultural production and . articipants NN 2 2 2 2 1 2 N 2 2 2 2 3 i 1 to the sum of participant new starte carryovers still in training from the 100 Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programa Participanta funded under regional programs lengo CLAS, ANDP). seeking 99 102 COMOROS Laprove the government's ability to provide public services to its citizens. It 18 accomplishing this by financing a project with CARE. Total A.I.D. funding for this project is expected to be $3.5 dllion over a five-year period (I 1984-89). Two sub-projects are directed toward garage maintenance training and land conservatioq. An evaluation completed in 1986 concluded that both activities show promising signs of accomplishing their objectives. CARB anticipates attracting contributions from other countries to expand activities. If successful, the overall prograa would then exceed $3.5 uillon. N 1988 Progru A.1.D requests $700,000 under the Development fund for Africa to continue funding the CARB project at the planned levels. Director, Regional Econoaic Development Services Office, East and Southern Africa (REDSO/ESA): Arthur M. Fell (Resident in Nairobi) 101 102 rthur M. Pell (Resident in Nairobi) ononic Development Services Office, East and Southern ect at the planned levels. 100 under the Developaent Pund for Africa to continue · If successful, the overall progran vould then exceed ticipates attracting contributions from other countries activities show promising signs of accomplishing the le and land conservation. An evaluation completed in 1986 1984–89). Two sub-projects are directed toward garage for this project is expected to be $3.5 bilion over a omplishing this by financing a project with CARE. at's ability to provide public services to its SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 19 02/34787 SUZEAU FOR APRICA CP 86 602 COMOROS -THROUGH FY 35- PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP PLANNED AUTNO • LPT OF FT OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLOG -NX3 -9 1780 -ACTUAL FY36- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURSS -91760 -91760 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIB EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS -ESTEXATEJ FY97- #XPEN- ATIONS OITURES 91160 4TIONS DITURES ASRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AVD NUTRITION 998 --- 1.377 600 560 227 1.100 750 89 5 602-0001 CARE (PV) 2.530 2.530 095 1.190 227 865 1,077 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 750 600 2.530 2.530 360 1.100 227 GRANTS 866 750 CC 9 1.077 2.530 2.530 --- --- --- LOANS --- DEVELOPNENT FUND FOR APRICA ... --- --- --- --- 700 005 36 3 --- . 973 39 602-0001 CARE (PV) 970 103 --- --- 700 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 500 970 779 700 500 GRANTS 970 970 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL 096 709 TOTAL OCS 1.377 COLI CO9 750 227 3.500 960 GRANTS 1.180 COSOS 703 750 600 227 1,077 SOE 5,500 --- DO --- --- LOANS -a. 101 104 Congo 103 104 106 Congo FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (679) CONGO •FORE I GN TRADE BASIC DATA MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984) LUMBER TOBACCO . VENEER TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, MIO 1986) 2,013 (DOLLARS. 1984) 1, 140 PER CAPITA GNP EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( 1982) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MACHINERY 781 (1984) 959 (1985) 587 55% (1983) B4% (1984) 79% TRANS. EQUIP. MNFD CONSUM GOS ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL CNP GROWTH RATE ( 1965-84) 3.7% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 12.3% .) • % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 17 (1984) 13 (1985) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 14% (1983) 3% (1984) TRADE BALANCE ($ MILLIONS, U.S. (1982) 445(83) 417(84) 32 2x 651 FEMALE 56.9 FEMALE 48.7 TRADING PARTNERS : UNITED STATES , FRANCE , ITALY 3% FEMALE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 76.2% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 54.6 (1970) TOTAL 47.2 MALE 523 MALE 45.8 (1961) TOTAL 30% ADULT LITERACY RATE 16% MALE • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 251 20.8% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE % 7% (1984) •SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.6% (1978) 3.5% (1986) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 16 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 38% ( 1986) (1986) 1 MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE : CASSAVA ,PLANTAINS , BANANAS CASH: COFFEE , PEANUTS ,PALM OIL ARABLE LANO 13% 2x YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 (1985) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION ( .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE .COCOA BEANS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 46.1% (15-64YRS) 51.5% (65+ YRS) 2.4% INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 114 PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN ( 1978) 5,507 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT MEATS .DAIRY PROOS. PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( .) *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES , INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, INTESTINAL INFEC MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1978) MALARIA DEATH.. ( . ) . 799 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1981) 798 (82) B06 (83) TOTAL EXPENO I TURES ANO NET LENO ING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 751 (82) 1. 105 (83) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 48 (82) -298 (83) 103% 858 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 25% -59 106 CONGO Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 475 500 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 475 500 500 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 475 500 500 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 al . . TOTALS 475 500 500 Footnotes: al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours 2 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) A5 TC Total A T Total А T Total U.S. Participants 30 30 2 30 32 8 40 48 Bilaterald 2 5 7 8 16 Regional 30 30 25 25 32 32 Third Country Participants 24 25 25 33 33 Bilaterald 5 5 6 6 Regionale 24 24 20 20 27 27 TOTALS 54 54 2 55 57 8 73 81 ain-training refers to the sum of participant new starto Technical: non-degree weking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programs b Academic: degree seeking Participants funded under regional programs lenge, CLASP, AMDP. AD 3702 868) prior FY. 105 108 107 GO PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) CONGO Category FY 1986 Actua) 475 opment Assistance FY 1987 (Estimated) 500 FY 1983 (Request) Introduction #lopaent Pund 475 500 500 imic Support Fund The Government of the Congo (GOC) began its first Five Year Plan 10 1982 with two principal priorities: improved Infrastructure and increased agricultural production. These priorities are closely related to the country's overall goal of developing an alternative economic base to sustain the country after its known petroleum reserves are depleted in the 1990s. Reduction in petroleum revenues has forced the Government to reassess its plan, to undertake locreased budgetary austerity and to seek ways of attracting foreign capital and expertise. TOTALS 475 500 500 80 Agricultural productivity gains remain a high priority for the Congo due to continued heavy dependence on imported foodstuffs. Much of the public lovestment planned for infrastructure is designed to eliminate serious farm-to-market transportation bottlenecks. The Congo 18 also addressing the serious development obstacle presented by lack of trained managerial and technical personnel by locreasing training opportunities for both the private and public sectors with the help of A.I.D. and other donors. : OTALS 475 500 500 otes: ee Mala Volune P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food rogram. U.S. objectives in the Congo loclude: encouraging the country to play a moderating role in central Africa and to exercise responsibility in international fora, especially since the President of the Congo 18 the 1986/87 Chairman of the Organization of African Unity; supporting Congolese initiatives to develop sound economic development policies; pursuing further trade and Investment opportunities; and maintaining access to the Congo's reaources. U.S.-Congolese commercial relations have grown since diplomatic relations were re-established in 1977 after a twelve-year hiatus. This has been due la part to the Congo's efforts to diversify its economic partners. FY 1988 A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE: FY 1986 FY 1987 egory (Actue) (Estimated. (Request) ma ational IALS i time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exces property, and I personnel TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours Since 1981 the A.I.D. strategy in the Congo hay focused on (1) reducing dependence upon imported foodstuffs through increased agricultural production and improved infrastructure, and (2) improving the quality of rural and urban life through the strengthening of Congolese health care and delivery programs. Beyond these specific sectoral concerns, A.I.D. strategy in the Congo has been to support GOC policy reform initiatives necessary to develop national resources and to provide for long-term multi-sectoral economic growth. The current A.I.D. program to the Congo consists of two agriculture projects, a regional health project, and two modest regionally-funded training programs. An expanded bilateral training project 18 now being designed. ory A5 A 8 8 tants 1 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) Total A T Total 30 30 2 30 32 2 7 30 30 25 25 24 24 25 25 5 5 24 24 20 20 54 54 2 55 57 Qı iro FY 1988 (Request T Total 40 48 8 16 32 32 33 6 6 27 21 73 81 In the agriculture sector, CARE 18 Dearing completion of two bilateral projects, Smallholder Agricultural Development projects I and II (679-0001 and 679-0002). Project resources have been directed at improving the crop marketing system, providing improved seeds (peanuts, rice and corn), enhancing crop preservation (including improved and expanded storage facilities), and training of agricultural sector personnel. These two projects have also provided A.I.D. an access to the GOC in regards to y Participants - 8 ILS fers to the sum of participant new starta Y & carryovers still in training from the 106 Technical: non-degree reking d'Participants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programas Infan CLASE, ANDP) free meeting 105 108 CONGO 1 policy dialogue and some tentative steps towards relaxing state marketing monopolies hve been taken. It remains to be seen if there will be sufficient political will to raise producer prices or to permit direct marketing by private farmers. In the health sector, the centrally funded Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases project (698-0421.79) 18 A.I.D.'s main instrument, in collaboration with UNICEF, France and the GOC, to focus primary health care In the Congo on child survival. Project activities continue to emphasize six vaccine-preventable diseases, diarrhea treatment using oral rehydration therapy, and malaria treatment for children and pregnant women. The project was temporarily suspended in January 1986 due to a lack of financial contribution by the GOC. In July 1986 the GOC resumed project funding, and all parties are currently revising project targets to fit the Congo's austere financial situation. To support A.I.D.'s objective of strengthening management and technical skills of Congolese administrators and technicians, limited short-term training is provided through the regional African Manpower Development Program (AMDP) (698-0433) and limited advanced degree training in the United States 18 being supported through the African Graduate Fellowship program (AFGRAD) (698-0455). The new Manpower Training project (679-0007), a new bilateral activity which will quadruple A.1.D. training activity 10 the Congo, 18 under design for initial obligation in FY 1987. The project will provide advanced and specialized training to continue A.I.D. support of the government's development efforts in agriculture, health and human resource development. It will be the only bilaterally funded A.I.D. project at the end of FY 1988. Accomplishments of former participants are indicative of the value of u.s. training in the Congo. For example, of the seven APGRAD participants that have received degrees to date, three have returned to responsible positions in the Ministry of Agriculture, three have resumed teaching positions at, the National University and the National Center for Management, and another has become an Economic Advisor to the Office of the Presidency. . FY 1988 Program FY 1988 funding of $500,000 18 requested from the Development Fund for Africa account to finance the ongoing Manpower Training project (679-0007). The requested funds will pay for in-country training, advanced degree training in the United States and third countries, and the costs of an A.I.D. contract liaison officer resident in Brazzaville, who will exercise oversight over the training activity. Mission Director: Dennis M. Chandler (Resident in Zaire) 107 108 ) 109 AG! 20 0210478 CⓇ 88 23 3! y dialogue and some tentative steps towards relazing state sarketing olles hve been taken. It remains to be seen if there vill be cient political will to raise producer prices or to peralt direct ting by private farmers. health sector, the centrally funded Combatting Childhood hicable Diseases project (698-0421.79) 1a A.I.D.'s balo Instrument, ta oration with UNICEF, France and the GOC, to focus primary health care # Congo on child survival. Project activities continue to eaphasize ccine-preventable diseases, dlarrhea treatment using oral rehydration y, and malaria treatment for children and pregnant vomen. The was temporarily suspended in January 1986 due to a lack of Tal contribution by the GOC. In July 1986 the GOC resumed project $, and all parties are currently revising project targets to fit the i austere financial situation. -PROPOSED FY38- -NjeX -!INFO ATIONS ITUR! 265 700 COL -NaX; ៖ DITURES ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- 47IONS 198 312 362 616 OITURES 1.301 1.301 -Nidxa ort A.I.D.'s objective of strengthening aanagement and technical of Congolese administrators and technicians, llaited short-ten % is provided through the regional African Manpower Developeent (AMDP) (698-0433) and llaited advanced degree tralaing to the States is being supported through the African Graduate Fellowship (AFGRAD) (698-0455). The new Manpower Training project (679-0007), lateral activity which will quadruple A.1.D. training activity to -0, is under design for initial obligation in PY 1987. The project vide advanced and specialized training to continue A.I.D. support overaent's developeent efforts in agriculture, health and human development. It will be the only bilaterally funded A.I.D. it the end of PY 1988. -ACTUAL FYE 6- OBLIG- ATIONS 475 ; SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS 2.953 108 EXPEN- THROUGH FY85- ATIONS DITURES 3.000 2.812 5,912 5,812 hoents of former participants are indicative of the value of U.S. in the Congo. Por example, of the seven APGRAD participants that Ived degrees to date, three have returned to responsible positions 118try of Agriculture, three have resumed teaching positions at al University and the National Center for Management, and another ! an Economic Advisor to the Office of the Presidency. LOD 3,475 3.75 3,000 CCC 6,475 $29.9 5.475 0,475 :: 9176C ograa AUTHO • LFY OF PY OF | INITIAL FINAL PLANN!. G COLIS 37 35 GRANTS LOANS GRANTS SN101 FOR ACCOUNT 16 26 GRANTS ding of $500,000 18 requested from the Developaeat Fund for sunt to finance the ongoing Manpower Training project The requested funds will pay for in-country training, advanced ning in the United States and third countries, and the costs of ootract 11aison officer resident in Brazzaville, who will ersight over the training activity. LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT TOTAL 9 83 SMALL HOLDER AGRICULTURE DEV. SMALL HOLDER AGRICULTURE DEV. (PVO I (PVO) 679-0001 679-0002 3 35 NUTRITION EDUCATION II (VO) 679-0000 BUREAU FOR AFRICA EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES ctor: Refer to the pioned project mary het MANPOWER TRAINING Dennis M. Chandler (Resident in Zaire) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 677 CONGO HEALTH 2000-19 107 110 PAG! 21 02/04/97 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 579 CONGO PROJECT NO. AY TITLE LFY OF FY O | INITIAL INAL 3 09LIG 35L 16 LOP PLANNID AUN -IMROUGN FY35- 33LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- 03LIO &XPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINAT!) PV7- oslije EXPIN 4TIONS 217UPSS -PROPOSE EY- Olijo !XPON- ATIONS JITURAS --- --- --- --- --- OB:LOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA 679-J337 : ANPOEA TRAINING 500 350 37 1,693 1 50: --- --- 399 35 --- 475 5.812 1.301 3,943 S90 793 1.061 537 13.153 5,475 475 3,943 1,701 5.412 5) 1.051 783 539 O. --- --- OD --- --- SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 1.633 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 50. GRANTS 1.532 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL ORANTS 13,153 6,475 LOANS 'nolon the pred project 109 Curd dotter motivi FY lobo con Arcon with Indian coton Decorator 11,0 Pod prihodom 21. 1000 Yobtenido 110 111 --- ) CCS UST --- $?? OS LOANS COS CS6 COUNTRY TOTAL 475 1.901 530 1.061 53 703 475 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.693 3RANTS 1.538 TOTAL 10.143 5.475 5.812 RANTS 13.153 6.473 5.912 3.943 LOANS 1.301 93) 1.51 ככל 703 --- A. 10% Djibouti 112 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (603) DJIBOUTI • FOREIGN TRADE •BASIC DATA MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) HIDES & SKINS . TRANS OF COFFE,REEXPORT TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 305 (DOLLARS, 1982) 480 EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1982) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( ) o (1984) (1985) O PER CAPITA GNP :* (este * 3 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE ( 1965-83) -3.6% . MACHINERY MAJOR IMPORTS(1984) FOODS , TRANPORT. EQ. ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( .) IMPORTS FROM U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( .) 9 7 (1984) .% ( .) On (1986) .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 45.6 MALE 44.3 (1970) TOTAL 41.3 MALE 40.8 FEMALE 47.1 FEMALE 41.8 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) .(.) .(.) TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , ETHIOPIA , JAPAN ADULT LITERACY RATE .% FEMALE ( .) TOTAL % MALE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1982) 7.5% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS. U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) ( ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( .) X SOCIAL DATA .X AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP ( .......... POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 7.1% (1978) 2.5% 8.1% (1986) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 171 (1970) 62% (1984) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 72% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 ( 1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE: VEGETABLES FRUIT , GRAINS 99% (1985) CASH: LIVESTOCK . (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. 1 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) HIDES AND SKINS,... POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 42.4% (15-64YRS) 55.7% (65+ YRS) 1.8% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) GRAINS ,DAIRY PROOS , RAW SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 128 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ...... .) .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1982) 1.970 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1977) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, INTESTINAL INFEC, DERMATOMYCOSIS .) (79) 126 (80) 177 DEATH.. ( ..) TOTAL EXPENOITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) (79) 115 (80) 154 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( ) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) • (79) 11 (80) 23 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY( 1980) 45% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES % (79) 27.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : 19 ) • % PRIMARY (1982) AS % OF GNP ..... TOTAL MALE 37.1 42.2 FEMALE 34.2 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 13.3 MALE FEMALE POST SECONDARY.. ( GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES .) MALE TOTAL FEMALE PERIOO. (SMILLIONS. U.S.) ( .) ) (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS 112 {:} :: 112 113 0 {reen} *. ) ) o * * 3 ? > (1909} (3 MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1982) (198 AWAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-83) -3.6% ( * * ANNUAL JAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984) FOODS MACHINERY . TRANPORT. EQ. NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S. (8 MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 7 (1984) 9 (1986) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( ) (1986) TOTAL 45.6 MALE 44.3 FEMALE 47.1 (1970) TOTAL 41.3 MALE 40.8 FEMALE 41.6 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) ADULT LITERACY RATE .) TOTAL % MALE FEMALE .X TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE ETHIOPIA JAPAN AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1982) 7.5% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE on") (S MILLIONS, U.S.)... • X AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP .X • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY ISO KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 171 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 7.1% (1978) 8.1% (1986) 2.5% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) 62% (1984) 72% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO VEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE... SUBSISTENCE: VEGETABLES FRUIT GRAINS (1970) 99% (1986) (1985) CASH: LIVESTOCK .X (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) HIDES AND SKINS POPULATION (1986) IN 40C GROUP MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) GRAINS ,DAIRY PRODS (0-14YRS) 42.4% ( 15-64YRS) 55.7% (65. YRS) 1.8% .RAV SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 120 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1982) 1.070 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GAANTS ( MILLIONS, U.S.) DESFASE (1973INFLUENZA -GRIPPE: INTESTINAL INFEC.DERMATOWYcosis .) (79) 126 (80) 177 TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (5 MILLIONS, 0.s.) > REQUIREMENTS (79) 115 (BO) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS AXOF DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS. U.s.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER > (79) (BO) DEFENSE EXPEDITURES AO TOTAL EXPEDITURES 3 () 9 () 9 X. > (0) 23 SUPPLYCOBO Title 11 Title P.L. 480 DIIBOUTI AID 3702 1840) bAcademic: degree seeking. TOTALS TOTALS Other Grant Loan Economic Support Fund Category Grant Loan Development Fund Development Assistance TOTALS Regionale Bilaterald Regionale Bilaterald Third Country Participants U.S. Participants Category A6 priorme FY & carryoveri stii in training from the @ In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 9 FY 1986 PERSONNEL DATA 2,950 2,950 2,950 2,950 TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. (Actual) 2 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. 2 2 (Actual) FY 1986 Total А PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA (Estimated) FY 1987 Total Footnotes: al The above total for ESF Includes $50,000 for Local Cost Support. (Actual) FY 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) (Estimated) FY 1987 113 7 polews) اما به نام بیا یہ FY 1987 MISSION DIRECT HIRE 1,900 1,900 al 006'1 1,900 WORERNE CLASE, AMDP). • Participants funded under regional programs (eg, dParticipants funded under bilateral programe. Technical: non-degree seeking А 6 (Request) FY 1988 Total (Request) FY 1988 3,000 3,000 3,000 FY (Request) 1988 3,000 114 DJIBOUTI Introduction The Republic of Djibouti is situated between two aggressive neighbors with a history of belligerence toward one another. Djibouti's strategic location and facilities make it important to u.s. security interests in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. ME Only recently independent, the country is small and lacks resources and trained manpower. Djibouti has no permanent surface water flow; land under cultivation 18 limited to a few small garden plots and experimental tracts. Practically all food 18 imported. There 18 sone artisanal fishing Nomads tend cattle, sheep, and camels in the hinterlands. Industry is limited to bottling plants and a dairy products reconstitution facility. Despite these handicaps, the Government of the Republic of Djibouti (GROD) has established a remarkable record of stability, an open economy, and a humane policy towards refugees from war and drought. The economy is service-oriented and consists of four sub-units: Djibouti city proper, with its transport terminals and government services; a French military Installation, which is the largest single source of economic activity in the country; substantial intraregional commerce, particularly re-exportation of consumer goods; and the sparsely populated back country which has little contact with the first three sub-units. The service sector dominates the economy, providing about three-quarters of the gross domestic product, while agriculture, livestock, fisheries and industry together account for the other one-quarter. Given the poverty of resources, Djiboutian development strategy aims at expanding the service sector further by manpower development and infrastructure upgrading. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The United States has encouraged Djibouti to assess its own situation objectively and exploit potential strengths, and the Government, as noted above, has adopted a strategy in line with these principles. A.I.D. tactics are changing to focus on improving Djibouti's economic base and financial stability through non-project assistance (scheduled to start in FY 1988). Specific project activities, representing accomplishments during the earlier stages of assistance, are being phased out as they are completed. These are: Fisheries: Strengthening the fishing Industry by improvement in marketing and production techniques continues in Phase II of the Fisheries Development project (603-0015). Complementary Initiatives are planned with UNICEF to upgrade nutritional standards. Manpower Development and Training: Through the Human Resources Development Project (603-0017), a PVO activity, A.I.D. intends to upgrade the capability of GROD cadre to manage the National Development Program. 114 114 115 JIBOUTI ntroduction DJIBOUTI the Republic of Djibouti 1s situated between two aggressive neighbors vlo history of belligerence toward one another. Djibouti's strategic ocation and facilities make it important to U.S. security interests to be orn of Africa and the Middle East. Renewable Energy: The ongoing Energy Initiatives project (603-0013) lovolves institution building, prototype development, and education. The GROD hopes to continue this activity after direct U.S. support to concluded, promoting energy conservation techniques and energy-efficient construction. aly recently independent, the country is small and lacks resources el Fatned sánpower. Djibouti has no permanent surface vater flow; læd siz ultivation is limited to a few small garden plots and experimental Facts, Practically all food 18 lnported. There is some artisanal shing. Nomads tend cattle, sheep, and camels in the hinterlands. _dustry is lleited to bottling plants and a dairy products reconstitutla cility. Despite these handicaps, the Government of the Republic of 1 bouti (GROD) has established a remarkable record of stability, an open onomy, and a humane policy towards refugees from war and drought. Residential Laprovement: A.I.D. has approved a five-year, $5.5 allion Housing and Urban Development activity (603-0020), in cooperation with IBRD, to upgrade the urban environment for about one-third of the city's population. Childrens' Health: Djibouti benefits frou a centrally-funded worldwide Child Survival progra through a grant made by A.I.D. directly to UNICEF. IT 1988 Program e economy is service-oriented and consists of four sub-units: Djibouti ty proper, with its transport terminals and government services; a French litary installation, which is the largest single source of econoaic tivity in the country; substantial intraregional conserce, particularly exportation of consumer goods; and the sparsely populated back country Ich has little contact with the first three sub-units. The proposed ESP funding level of $3 ullion is latended to finance the first tranche of a non-project assistance activity. The Program Support Graat will provide financial resources to improve Djibouti's economic base and financial stability. The change will increase the flexibility of A.I.D.'s support to Djibouti without making undue demands on manpower and will be tacitly linked to continuation of Djibouti's relatively liberal econonic and social policies. service sector dominates the economy, providing about three-quarters of gross domestic product, while agriculture, livestock, fisheries and ustry together account for the other one-quarter. Given the poverty of =ources, Djibout tan development strategy aims at expanding the service tor further by manpower development and infrastructure upgrading. A.I.D. Representative: John Lundgren .D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date United States has encouraged Djibouti to assess its ovo situation ctively and exploit potential strengths, and the Governsent, as noted e, has adopted a strategy in line with these principles. A.I.D. ics are changing to focus on improving Djibouti's economic base and ocial stability through non-project assistance (scheduled to start to 988). Specific project activities, representing accomplishaents darle arlier stages of assistance, are being phased out as they are eted. These are: ries: Strengthening the fishing Industry by improvement in sarketing roduction techniques continues in Phase II of the Fisheries opment project (603-0015). Complementary Joitlatives are planned with i to upgrade autritional standards. ler Development and Training: Through the Hupan Resources Developeest t (603-0017), a PVO activity, A.I.D. latends to upgrade the lity of GROD cadre to manage the National Developeent Progras. 115 114 116 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR AFRICA PAGS 22 22134137 003 DJIBOUTI CC1 Co 39 -THROUGH FY3S- 3911G- PIPE ATIONS SITU23 PLANNI AUTMO -ACTUAL FYO OLIS EXPEN ATIONS DITURES .SIC - STIMATE FV37- KPS ATIONS -PROPOSE CYB- -!1760 -NEX Sion. 10 4TIONS 3ITURE 27 --- --- 50 53 50 --- --- S100-400 5 *.430 6.000 2.311 400 775 314 --- 3 FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT MASS II --- --- 3,203 1.293 2,20 733 1.275 --- --- --- 901 555 --- 676 --- Cli 101 37 5,502 2.000 CCS s 1.052 1.350 2,232 - 22 ما - 5 5.320 PROGRAM SUPORT GRANT --- --- --- --- CCC s 902 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 21,150 15.163 13,330 66C 2,950 3,323 1.933 4,123 CCC 2.52 660 2.950 3,323 1,000 3,330 2.250 DO COJNIRY TOTAL 0562 3.323 1.930 4,123 3.000 2.250 --- 116 Moottore Decinthe PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LF OP FY 3 1 INITIAL FINAL . 917ec 51760 ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 633-000A LOCAL COST SUPPORT-DJI30311 ENERGT INITIATIVES 60 3-0015 601-06 17 UMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT : (PVO) 1,932 1,700 1.920 SU3-0020 10USING AN JR344 DEVELOPMENT GRANTS 21,150 13.143 10,390 LOANS TOTAL 21,150 13,148 10.? 2.950 3.323 1.930 4,123 i 1.000 2.250 GRANTS 21,150 15.143 10,320 4,099 LOANS 'notem to tedy coton 'A DJ bere 116 117 ATIONS OITURES TSONS OITUS OSLI- XIN &TIONS DITURES $3 50 --- SC 400 5.520 6.000 2.311 400 775 omise ISMERTES DEVELOPMENT OMÁSe t'i 3.29% 1.293 2,490 33 393 1,275 EVELOPMENTS 501 1.933 1.900 --- --- 1.920 555 676 901 HOUSING AN JRBAN DEVELOPMENT 97 5.502 5.320 2.000 1.652 --- --- 604 1,550 2.250 --- 5.000 --- 3.3 ככל ACCOUNT 21.150 15.143 19.30 6.99 2.950 3.323 1.920 GRANTS 4.123 3.13 21,150 15.149 10.300 2.257 4,099 LOANS 2.950 3.323 1.05 3.10 2.250 TOTAL 21.150 13.168 ככ!סו 2.950 3.329 1. GRANTS 4.12 1.00 21.190 15.145 10.330 2.SO LOANS 1.30 *-722 1.00 2.290 NOUN moro ID OLUKATION FY 1988 Udont Funny 3.000 EIRO RO Program Support Grant ESF D. TV 603-0022 mu Purpose: To provide continuing assistance to the Republic of Djibouti through employment generation and trade enhancement. Project Description: Djibouti's desert-type terrain makes emploitation of agriculture tapractical, while humanitarian assistance is being addressed by numerous other donors. The other possibilities for establishing econonic self-sufficiency depend on development of Djiboutian trade and Industry 10 a fler ble sanner, addressing rapidly changing trends. The activity now under design will support further progress in this direction. It will comprise: 1988 FY 1989 FY 1992 could be developed. By using non-project delivery modes, the proposed activity delivers support which will address Djibouti's critical development needs without using management Intensive methods. Host Country and Other Donors: The project will be laplemented through the National Ministry of Planning of another Djiboutian government agency to be designated, and through a variety of non-governmental entities including private coapanies, universities and research institutions, and possibly voluntary agencies. The project will be designed to complement the noa-project assistance provided by France and Saudi Arabia and project-type assistance provided by a number of bilateral donors. A. Continued Institutional developuent and support to maintain Djibouti', stable economy, the only one in the Horn of Africa region which practices free trade and has a convertible currency Beneficiaries: The ultieste beneficiaries of this project will be the nation's 200,000 non pastoralists, who will find employment opportunities increasing both in total numbers and in quality. B. Training support to address Djibouti's serious shortage of qualified managers. Ma for Outputs: Laproved service infrastructure, especially as reflected by numbers trained and improvenent in in-country training capacity. Improved economy, reflected by increased foreign investment and local employment. C. Development of linkages, through contract or statlar mechanisas, vith relevant organizations elsewhere, especially to public and private sources of advisory support and investaent. These will include but not be liaited to academic 1nstitutions, labor unions and management societies, trade Associations, etc. The overall purpose in this development of linkages will be to laprove Djibouti's position as a trading center for the Horn of Africa, and, in the future, a center for the Middle East and East Africa. A.I.D.-Financed loputs: Life-of-Project (3000) Cash Grant $6,000 Relationship of Protect to A.I.D. Strategy: The A.I.D. strategy In Djibouti is based on the need to nourish the country's econoay in the absence of physical resources which Principe Contructono analo U. L FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Oblation Expenditure Unligulda To be selected 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1982 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 Future Your Odiyadona 3.000 Estimated Total Cort 6.000 SUPPORT FUND 633-000A > LOCAL COST SUPPORT-DJIBOUTI 603-0013 ENERGY INITIATIVES 633-0017 1JMAN RESOURCES BEY (PVO) 603-0020 633-0022 PROGRAM SUPPORT GRANT TOTAL FOR COJNTRY TOTAL DJ I bout Thrown September 30, Propond Fiscal Y 1988 200 118 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 119 118 119 EQUATORIAL GUINEA FY 90 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (653) EQUATORIAL GUINEA •BASIC DATA •FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1906) 294 MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984 )COCOA .COFFEE .WOOD PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965- .) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1981) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1971) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)FOODSTUFFS o (1983) 10% (1972) X 0 ) ix (19733 11 ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) FUELS & LUBRICA, MANUF ACT'D COS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( . X IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1903) ( O ( 1964) .% (1971) (1905) 10% (1972) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 44.9 (1970) TOTAL 38.8 MALE 43.3 MALE 37.3 FEMALE 46.6 FEMALE 40.5 TRADE BALANCE ( S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1978) 7(79) 86(80) ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1980) TOTAL 37% NALE .X FEMALE TRADING PARTNERS: SPAIN , NETHERLANDS GERMANY, FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1977) 30.8% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1964) 1 RATE .' AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP........ (1979) 47% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 108 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.1% 1.5% (1978) '1.1% (1986) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ( 1970) 39% (1986) 81% ( 1986) MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE: CASSAVA ,PLANTAINS , COCOYAMS CASH: COCOA BEANS , COFFEE .. ARABLE LANO 26% 35% YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 (1985) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1988) COCOA BEANS ,COFFEE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.7% (15-64YRS) 64.0% (65 YRS) 4.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT RICE RAV SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 132 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE . (1968) 78% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1968) 5, 130 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( .) 3 ( 1981) 13 (82) 17 (83) 21 DEATH.. ( : : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENO ING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 20 (82) 26 (83) 24 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( .% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) -3 (82) -9 (83) -3 POPULATION VITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY .) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. ( % ( . ) (80) 21.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP AS % OF GNP ... • % ( ) % ( ) • % PRIMARY...... (1973) TOTAL 79.4 MALE 8.2 FEMALE 70.1 SECONDARY ... (1975) TOTAL 11.4 MALE 10.1 FEMALE 3.0 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1981) TOTAL 3.0 MALE 5.6 FEMALE 0.6 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) ( • (.) .(.) EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 7 120 {:} 120 EQUATORIAL GUINEA PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 500 Category FY 1988 (Request) 1,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 1,000 500 500 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 1,000 500 500 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 . - al TOTALS 1,000 500 500 Footnotes: al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 FY 1987 Category 1988 FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 1988 Aъ PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants 7 7 10 10 13 13 Bilateral d Regionale 7 7 10 10 13 13 Third Country Participants 2 2 2 2 2 Bilateral d Regionale 2 2 2 2 TOTALS 7 9 10 2 12 13 15 a/n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipante funded under bilateral programs b Academic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programu (e-ga, CLASP AMDP). AID 370-2 (886) INNI N N 1 Nina NN 1 N N prior FY. . 121 120 121 RIAL GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA _tegory PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) 1,000 500 RRUR nent Assistance 500 1,000 52 pment Pund Support Fund Introduction At the time of independence from Spain in 1968, Equatorial Guinea (BG) had an efficient export-oriented economy in cocoa, coffee and hardwoods. That economy was dependent upon expatriate labor and management. With & comparative economic advantage in the production of cocoa, BG inported foodstuffs to supplement itens produced locally. Education and health systems were highly developed, featuring a literacy rate of 89% and five hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants. During the despotic Macias regime in 1968–1979, BG's highly organized econoay disintegrated completely. Total population dropped by fully one-third, from 300,000 to 200,000. By the August 1979 coup, EG was in social, political, economic and administrative chaos. The shattered economy inherited by the new government was characterized by abandoned cocoa and coffee holdings, a decaying transport infrastructure, a decimated fishing fleet and an agricultural sector that had reverted to subsistence faring. Public finances were in disarray and the currency was virtually worthless. 500 TALS 1,000 . al SW 500 TALS 1,000 es: ? Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food ogram. FY 15 FY 1986 (Request PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1987 eory (Actual (Estimated) al jonal ALS ime equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, esceu property, and I personal "DP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Despite government efforts to introduce discipline in the budgetary process, large deficits occured because of several factors including: slow economic recovery; the lack of a well-defined, centralized system to control expenditures; and haphazard and lateruittent revenue collection. The Government is aware of the fact that its very limited administrative and managerial capacity represents the most serious obstacle to economic reconstruction. It has asked for and received technical assistance from bilateral donors and from international organizations so that it can pursue its ad jus theat efforts more rigorously and use foreign economic assistance productively. Spain and the World Bank are the largest contributors. Given EG's rich endowment of natural resources, there 18 considerable potential for econonic recovery and growth. The United States has an interest in providing tangible support to those countries which are prepared to embark on serious efforts toward political and economic reform. EG 18 such a country, Pollowing the overthrow of Macles to 1979, the new Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (GREG) requested the United States to establish a diplomatic presence and provide assistance. More importantly, it has taken concrete steps to Laprove economic performance. BG has joined the Central African Customs Union and the Central Bank of Central Africa and has adopted the Central African Franc as its currency. Having a convertible currency and being linked to comparatively stronger economies has brought some difficulties typically associated with austerity programs. The most difficult of these is the set out flow of cash. 1987 FY 1940 (Request T Tea PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATAO FY 1986 FY (Actuall (Estimated) TC Total A T Total 7 10 10 A 13 ry A5 7 ints 13 10 2 2 10 7 2 2 2 2 y Participants Na 2 A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accoaplishments to Date A.1.D.'s development strategy in EG 18 to help the GREG revive the 2 2 2 2 12 13 2 9 10 7 2 LS 122 fers to the sum of participant new starts & carryoven still in training from the Technical: non-degree veeting dparticipants funded under bilateral programi Participants funded under regional programs that CLASE, AKDP free seeking. 121 122 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 31*-- agriculture sector. In support of that strategy, A.I.D. 18 concentrating on cooperative development. A.I.D. also finances degree-level agriculture training in the United States for Ministry of Agriculture officials. A.I.D. has operated a very modest development program in EG since 1980. Project activity is concentrated exclusively on developing the agriculture sector. Results to date have been encouraging. Initial emphasis was on reviving an abandoned poultry center. The Ministry of Agriculture later requested A.I.D. to finance an expanded effort to develop agricultural cooperatives. The Cooperative Development project (653-0002) was designed to meet this requirement. The implementing agency, the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), a U.S. private and voluntary agency, determined that the critical limitation in agriculture production and marketing was the lack of transportation of products from farn to market and established truck routes link ing rural cooperatives and the urban centers. An evaluation in 1986 demonstrated that the transport system had both increased farmers' incones and availability of food in Malabo and Bata, the principal cities. In 1986, a second phase activity, Cooperative Development II (653-0003), was initiated. A collateral element of the emphasis on cooperatives 18 funding for U.S. degree training in agriculture. Seven Equato-Guineans are studying for BS degrees in agriculture science at Western Illinois University. An additional two will begin MS degree training in the 1986/87 academic year. Upon completion of their training, they will be the first individuals from their country with advanced degrees in agriculture. FY 1988 Program A.1.D. 18 requesting $500,000 in FY 1988 Development Fund for Africa assistance fund the ongoing Cooperative Development project (653-0003). Mission Director: Jay P. Johnson (Resident in Cameroon) 123 122 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 123 0210unii i910 CP 88 1.272 1,272 1,272 1,272 -991, QIS 0.034- -Niel: -91780 ATIONS DITURES 17 1.103 200 1761 1,344 :: 1,346 agriculture sector. In support of that strategy, A.I.D. 18 concerts on cooperative development. A.I.D. also finances degree-level agria's training in the United States for Ministry of Agriculture officials. A.1.D. has operated a very aodest developeent progran in 3 slace 133 Project activity is concentrated exclusively on developing the aglako sector. Results to date have been encouraging. Initial eaphasis vas a reviving an abandoned poultry center. The Ministry of Agriculture iz requested A.I.D. to floance an expanded effort to develop agriculteu cooperatives. The cooperative Development project (653-0002) was design to meet this requirement. The laplesenting agency, the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), & U.S. private and voluntary agency, determined that the critical limitation in agriculture productia and aarketing was the lack of transportation of products frow far to market and established truck routes llaking rural cooperatives end the urban centers. An evaluation in 1986 demonstrated that the transport systen had both locreased farsers' lacones and availability of food is Ma iabo and Bata, the principal cities. In 1986, a second phase activity, Cooperative Developeent II (653-60)', vas initiated. A collateral element of the emphasis on cooperatives 18 funding for t... degree tralaing in agriculture. Seven Equato-Gulaeans are studying for degrees to agriculture science at Western Illinois University. He additional tvo viu begin MS degree training in the 1986/87 scadeale per Upon coapletion of their training, they will be the first ledividuals fra their country with advanced degrees in agriculture. DITURES -!STIMATED FY97- ATIONS NadX -91180 SOO : - ACTUAL FY86- -Nidx3 -91760 ATIONS DITURES 1,500 1.000 1.000 : : 1,000 1.000 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) 1.684 312 2.496 2,496 1 2,496 2.496 - THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES popA 2.000 OOGS 5.000 5.000 1 1 ; 5.000 5.000 PY 1988 Progra A.I.D. 1s requesting $500,000 la FY 1988 Development Pund for Africa assistance to fund the ongoing Cooperative Development II project (653-0003). 124 FY al obligation - All In the cashirektion does bestone Down the hosted 'Roten to the planned predot Forhinol on December 31, 1909FY Carolo Monty 2.000 2,000 3.000 3.000 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 0051 1.500 3.000 9.000 1.000 0009 LOP PLANNED 53L16 AUTHO · L FY OF FT OP I INITIAL FINAL Ś DOLIG Mission Director: Jay P. Johnson (Resident in Cameroon) 82 35 се 93 . GRANTS 96 SNVO1 GRANTS LOANS TOTAL GRANTS LOANS ADRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION TOTAL POR ACCOUNT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT EQUATORIAL GUINEA BUREAU FOR APRICA AGRICULTJRE DEVELOPMENT (PVO) 653-0001 3 33 COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT (PVO) 633-0002 COOPERATIVO DEVELOPMENT i. DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA 05 OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT ir (PVO) ON igarcea AND TITLE f000-159 (OAS) COUNTRY TOTAL 653 123 124 Gambia 125 124 125 Gambia FY sa CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (39) GANDIA, THE •FORE I ON TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )PEANUTS & PROOV, FISH .PALN KERNELS BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1906) 742 PER CAPITA ONP. (DOLLARS. 1984) 260 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GAP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) O (1984) 1% (1902) 1 (1985) Ox (1983) 1.ox EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( 1981) MAJOR IMPORTŞ( 1984)TEXTILES IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1981) . FOOD STUFFS . TOBACCO ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.4% NATIONAL INCONE RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( · X 12 6 (1984) 4% (1982) 16 (1985) 8X (1983) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1906) TOTAL 40.1 (1970) TOTAL 34.0 MALE 37.7 MALE 32.3 FEMALE 42.8 FEMALE 35.7 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) -79(82) -35(83) -36 ADULT LITERACY RATE TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE ,CHINA (1980) TOTAL 20% MALE 29% FEMALE 12% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 101% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE .- .) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1965) 7 49.ox AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GDP (1982) 27% SOCIAL DATA 3.3% ( 1986) 2.4% POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1985) POPULATION GROWTH RATE/..(1970) 2.5% (1978) 160 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS . (1970) 15% ( 1986) 30% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ..(1970) 6 ( 1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE : RICE MILLET MAIZE 16% (1985) CASH: PEANUTS .. 60% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) PEANUTS .... POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.4% ( 15-64YRS) 51.2% (65+ YRS) 3.4% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: ( 1985) RICE, WHEAT INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 180 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1984) 70% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1978) 12,306 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS (8 MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1980) MALARIA GONOCOCCAL INFEC, SCHI STOSOMIASIS .) (83) 50 (84) 50 DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENO I TURES AND NET LENO ING (S NILLIONS, U.S.) .) (83) 73 (84) 69 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A X OF REQUIREMENTS. (1983) 86% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) (83) -23 (84) - 19 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY( 1970) 12% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( .) % (.) % (.) • % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP ... · % (.) • % PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 51.2 MALE 64.9 FEMALE 37.3 SECONOARY (1982) TOTAL MALE 16.7 FEMALE 6.& OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 0.5 MALE 0.8 FEMALE 0.2 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 3 (84) 2 (85) EQUIVALENT TO 0.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1983) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 3 126 THE GAMBIA FY 1987 FY 1988 Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) 4,000 2,000 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 4,000 2,000 3,000 Development Fund Economic Support Fund Loen Grant Other TOTALS 4,000 2,000 3,000 2,599 P.L 480 Tide 1 Title 11 a/ 2,080 2,066 2,599 6,599 2,080 4,080 2,066 5,066 TOTALS al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Program. FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 (AT) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 6 5 5 Foreign National 4 4 4 TOTALS 10 9 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Includo HG, exceu property, and IG personnah Escludes TDP. One workyear - 2,087 hours FY 1988 Category U.S. Participant Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regional PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimeed) AI ro Total А T Total 25 36 61 35 22 57 13 23 36 21 11 32 12 13 25 14 11 25 14 10 24 9 32 2 6 8 6 4 10 4 17 5 22 ou A 41 31 10 35 15 20 (Request) T Total 16 57 41 16 12 7 22 5 25 16. TOTALS 39 46 85 a/n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryopers still in training from the bacademie: degree rooking AID 3702 045) 127 58 31 89 76 28 104 Technical: non-degree weeking d Participants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs lengo, CLASP, AKDP). prior TY. 1 126 127 IA THE GAMBIA egory FY 1987 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) 4,000 2,000 FY fagar Introduction ent Assistance 4,000 2,000 The Gambia, with a per capita income of $260 in 1984, faces serious economic and financial difficulties which the Government (GOTG) 18 fully committed to improve under its Economic Recovery Program (ERP). The Gambia's budgetary situation improved substantially over the last year as a result of measures taken in early 1986 under the ERP. 3,000 ment Fund Support Fund TALS 3,000 4,000 2,000 Small-holder, mixed farning is the primary economic activity. Groundnuts, the main source of cash income, supply 90% of foreign exchange earnings. Domestically grown naize, millet, sorghum and rice provide 60% to 80% of The Gambia's food needs. There is a small tourism industry, a few processing plants (groundnuts, fish, beer and soft drinks), and some small-scale import substitution enterprises. The location of Ban jul's harbor, The Gambia's position as a long, narrow enclave within Senegal, its free-trade policies and the overvalued exchange rates and inefficient trade policies of neighboriag countries have made transshipment trade and transport important elements of The Gambian economy. 2,066 2,599 2,080 / 2,066 2,599 6,599 2,080 4,080 5,466 ALS Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Pood ram. The causes of The Gambia's economic crisis have been ineffective policies, low groundnut prices, poor management, recurring drought, grasshopper infestation and declining terms of trade. Heavy Investments in government and parastatal activities in past years failed to generate sustainable Increases in production and revenue. Increased recurrent, import and debt-service costs associated with massive investment in basic 1nfrastructure led to an external debt exceeding 200% of GDP. These financial burdens eroded the GOTG's ability to sustain adequate producer prices or to assure efficient supplies of seed, fertilizer and pesticides. As a result, groundnut production declined by 50% and attempts to develop alternative sources of cash income, government revenue and foreign exchange have not succeeded. FY 1988 (Request 5 4 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 y (Actual) (Estimated 6 S 4 4 9 10 LS te equivalent workyears of employment Includo iG, escaw property, and I personnel P. One workyear = 2,087 hours The GOTG 18 attempting to improve its economic and financial position through a World Bank and IMF-assisted structural ad jus tment program. Key features of the Government's ERP include reduction and redirection of public sector involvement in the economy, removal of consumer subsidies, laplementation of Incentive pricing for farmers and exchange-rate adjustments. Several strong measures have been implemented, including removing retail price cellings on rice, privatizing the rice trade, floating the currency, freezing government salaries and reducing government staff levels. Other measures, concerning parastatal and civil service reform, are underway. U.S. Interests in The Gambia are based on humanitarian and development considerations as well as a desire to maintain stability in the region. These compel support for one of the world's poorest countries with a history of parliamentary democracy and a strong orientation toward private enterprise. FY 1988 FY 1987 (Raquard A AG 25 13 12 Participants 14 2 12 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 Actuall (Estimated) А Total Total T 36 61 35 22 57 36 21 11 32 25 14 25 9 32 10 24 6 8 10 4 5 22 17 16. 4 41 31 10 35 15 20 T 169 10 6 / 16 12 7 1 3 76 28 ! 85 128 39 46 S I to the sum of participant now starts carryover still in training from the 58 31 89 Tochnical: non-degree weking dParticipan farded under bilateral programa Participent funded under regional programa 14 CLAS, ADP I seeking 127 69-533 O 87 - 5 128 THE GAMBIA A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date 1 A.I.D.'s strategy 18 to help The Gambia achieve financial stability and economic restructuring, while continuing efforts to increase agricultural production for local consumption and export. As a result, A.I.D. assistance is concentrated in two complementary areas: (a) agricultural development and (b) financial stabilization and econonic reforn. Agricultural Development: A.I.D. agricultural projects have helped expand The Gambia's maize, sesame seed, forage and rice production, laprove range management and reclala land lost to salt water intrusion. They have also introduced treelots in villages and grazing and intercropping on forestry plantations. In FY 1986, as several A.I.D. projects in support of these activities were phased out, the seven-year, $18 million Agriculture Research Diversification project (635-0219) began. Building on the achievements of the earlier projects, the project concentrates on the development and management of a farming aystem research program to offer alternative approaches to the traditional dependence on groundout production, Stabilization and Reform: Initiated in my 1985, the Economic and Financial Policy Analyses project (635-0225) has provided training to personnel 10 the GOTG Ministry of Finance and Trade (MOTF) in macroeconomic analysis. Project consultants, working with IMF and IBRD staff, helped the GOTG develop its ERP. Efforts to institutionalize analytical capabilities in the MOFT will continue in FY 1987 with the establishment of a Statistics and Special Studies Unit. In FY 1986 a three-year, $6.14 million P.L. 480 Title II Section 206 Program in support of the two-pronged strategy mentioned above was approved. To commence the program the GOTG ended retail rice and fertilizer subsidies, opened the rice and fertilizer trade to private merchants and removed the parastatals from these trades. Further policy measures under this program include divestiture and privatization of the Gambia Produce Marketing Board, the largest atate-owned enterprise in the nation, over the next five years, In the lateria, proceeds from Section 206 rice sales will help the Gambia Produce Marketing Board offer fair market prices to groundnut producers. Other potable accompllahments in promoting private sector initiatives have been A.I.D.'s asssistance to the National Investment Board in developing and laplementing a privatization strategy for the entire public sector, the privatization of a sawmill enterprise and through the auspices of Catholic Relief Services (CRS), the establishment of commercial oli seed crushing and export cooperatives. On October 14, 1986 the U.S. Ambassador to The Gambia declared a disaster because of heavy grasshopper infestation which threatened crops in an area covering approximately 320,000 hectares. The United States agsisted with aerial and ground spraying operations in the affected area, thereby significantly reducing potential crop loss. 129 128 129 THE GAMBIA Fopment Strategy and Accomplishments to Date ategy 18 to help The Gambia achieve financial stability and tructuring, while continuing efforts to increase agricultural For local consumption and export. As a result, A.I.D. 8 concentrated in two complementary areas: (8) agricultural and (b) financial stabilization and economic refon. Development: A.I.D. agricultural projects have helped espant maize, sesame seed, forage and rice production, teprove range and reclala land lost to salt water Intrusion. They have also reelots lo villages and grazing and Intercropping on forestry In FY 1986, as several A.I.D. projects in support of these 2re phased out, the seven-year, $18 allion Agriculture ersification project (635-0219) began. Building on the of the earlier projects, the project concentrates on the ind management of a farning systea research progras to offer ipproaches to the traditional dependence on groundout I 1988 Program of the $3 million from the Developaent Pund for Africa (DFA) requested in FY 1988, $1,960,000 will be added to the ongoing Agriculture Research and Diversification project (635-0219) and $40,000 will finance village self-help activities under the Small Project Assistance A.I.D./Peace Corps project (635-0221). The remaining $1 million will fund the second phase of the Econonic and Financial Policy Analyses project (635-0227). This project to the foundation of A.I.D.'s policy dialogue efforts and has been a critical factor in the achievement of many of the policy reforms noted above. It will focus on further measures to open marketing, Increase privatization of state-owned enterprises and encourage lovestment in agricultural production. The main challenge will be to sustain ERP morentun and build the more elaborate policy development and monitoring apparatus that the ERP requires. In addition, the FY 1988 Food for Peace program, valued at approximately $2,066,000, will continue support to the Catholic Relief Services Maternal Child Health program ($625,000), and the P.L. 480 Title II 206 program ($1,441,000). A.I.D. Representative: Byron Bahl E and Refora: Initiated in FY 1985, the Economic and Financial es project (635-0225) has provided training to personnel 10 stry of Finance and Trade (MOTP) in macroeconoaic analysis. Itante, vorking with IMF and IBRD staff, helped the GOTG RP. Efforts to Institutionalize analytical capabilities 10 continue la FY 1987 with the establishment of a Statistics tudies Unit. three-year, $6.14 alllon P.L. 480 Title II Section 206 pport of the two-pronged strategy mentioned above vas coanence the prograa the GOTG ended retail rice and sidies, opened the rice and fertilizer trade to private removed the parastatals fron these trades. Purther policy - this progran include divestiture and privatization of the Marketing Board, the largest state-owned enterprise to the he next five years. In the lateria, proceeds from Section will help the Gambla Produce Marketing Board offer falr to groundnut producers. accomplishments to promoting private sector initiatives have 1899 18tance to the National Investment Board in developlas ng a privatization strategy for the entire public sector, the of a saveill enterprise and through the auspices of Catholle 1 (CRS), the establishment of commercial oli seed crushing eratives. 1986 the U.S. Ambassador to The Gambla declared a disaster y grasshopper lofestation which threatened crops la deres imately 320,000 hectares. The Daited States assisted with od spraying operations in the affected area, thereby educing potential crop loss. 130 129 130 SUNSARY 3 ACTIVE AND PROOS! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP JOLLAPS, •AGE 26 02/04/17 BUREAU FOR AFRICA .35 GANDIA -PROPOSLO YLI. -51100 -Nioxi - ESTIMATIO FY37- IBLIS- !XP!N- DITUR!S L SY OP PT OP I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG -THROUGH PYSS- 99LI3- EXPEN- ATTONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG" EXPEN ATIONS DITUR! S LOP PLANNED AUTMD • PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE AT ONS DITUE!S SNOI IN AÖRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 1.000 --- --- --- --- --- C6 SP 6120-589 $ 3.120 $ 120 AGRICULTURAL RESARCH ! DIVERSIPICATION . 40 -- --- -- .. --- CO --- 40 --- 1.040 --- LOANS SANEL DEVELOPNENT PROSRAN 26 ... --- CLE . --- 225 2.135 2.747 --- --- ... 743 ... 7,038 9.000 7 9.000 7.000 --- 139 82 C. € 77 . 1.575 --- --- 1.575 1.575 --- --- --- 270 . 2.061 6.213 CO 6,346 79 3 23 5.344 --- 3,100 1.582 CSS 1.50 3.760 --- 93 OSS'e € 56 3.960 9.30 639-0221 6 33 36 SMALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE-AID/P C TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 3. 160 &160 1.041 GRANTS 8.150 9. 150 7533 635-0202 3 SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES SANAGENENT UNIT 2.767 2.747 1.19 635-0203 3 IXED FARMING AND RESOUR: 2 MANAGEMENT 635-0205 SANDIA PRESTRY 635-0206 RURAL ROADS MAINTENANCE SWIISAS 635-0219 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 3 DIVERSIFICATION --- 20 43 40 3: 59 120 i 33 66 633-0221 SMALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE 203 230 . 131 PA 130 131 OBLIG OSLIG AUTMO ATTONS DITURIS VOLI- ATIONS EXPEN OITURES BLIS- ITIONS OPIN- DITUR!$ UPUEU TIS OBLI- EXPEN- AT: ONS DITURIS ARRICULTURE. RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 93 3.120 $. 120 --- --- -- --- --- --- 1.000 * as AGRICULTURAL RESEARCN ! DIVERSIFICATION 635-0221 6 33 SHALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE TO C 6 --- - --- --- --- --- --- 40 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 3.160 8.160 --- --- --- 1.040 GRANTS 8.150 0.160 LOANS 1.049 SANEL DEVELOPNENT PROSRAN 75 33 635-0202 3 SOIL ANO JATER RESOURCES VANAGEMENT UNIT 2.747 2.747 2.767 2.135 --- 310 --- 226 --- 26 7 635-0203 IXED PARNING AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 9.000 7.000 סכ9,0 7.038 --- --- 1.01 --- 635-0205 SANBIA PORESTRY 2 7 7 1.575 1.575 1.575 1.336 7 33 635-0206 RURAL ROADS MAINTENANCE SYSTENS 4.344 4.913 2.041 270 --- 3.60 3.10 43 SUNARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) PIS! 25 02/04/87 SULAU POR AFRICA C 88 635 GAM824 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF / INITIAL FINAL OLI: OL: LOP PLANN20 AUTO -THOUGH FY 35- OLIG- :XPEN- STIONS DITUR:S -ACTUAL FY8C- OLI:- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -STAT! FY 97- 2Li ?XDIV- STIONS ITURES -PROPOS FY:9- CELI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUres 70- 272 2.000 15 2.000 2.) 635-0219 .830 3.60 635-021 95 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH S DIVERSICATION 63-0221 all'"-ostct ASSISTANCE!! 635-0225 3 ECONOMIC FINANCIAL POLICY ANALYSIS 635-0934 OIL SEEDS PROMOTION (PVO) 253 251 30 95 531 SO 35 S#1 26.327 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.30 14,714 4300 5,045 2.32 5.72 32.327 32.327 26.327 4.000 14,714 دودز 2.13? 2.220 GRANTS !,732 12.327 327 --- --- LOANS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA --- --- --- --- 1,74 1.300 --- --- 3 35 ?) 635-0219 AGRICULTJRAL RESEARCH 3 DIVERSIFICATION 9.120 2.12 -- --- --- --- 43 --- --- 635-0221 SMALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE-AI DIP C --- --- --- --- --- --- בננ,1 590 2.300 cs 2 635-0227 ECONOMIC FINANCIAL POLICY ANALYSES 11 --- --- --- 3.00 1,54 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.100 3.163 נננ,3 1.54 GRANTS 1..150 2,150 LOANS 132 SUVACY OⓇ ACTIVE AND PROPOS! POJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF OSLLAS) 26 02/04/17 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 5.72 1.000 4.419 2.323 5,245 כיס.4 1.03 6:19 ܕܕ",: 2.000 1.045 14,714 430 DO. DO --- --- -DO ازه GAN3:4 -iܐܬܪ ܕ eye OF | INITIAL FINAL 3 OSL:3 OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -735P5!) Eyºg- 05LI;- IPO- 4TIONS 3:TJES -THROUGH FY99- SILIS. SPIN- TOYS DITURIS - ACTUAL FY56- 03LIG ¿XDUR ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNID AUT -EST: ST!) HY37- :IPIN ITRONS 2.UP!S COJNTRY TOTAL 25.327 14,714 TOTAL 50.47 65.947 ?..327 ORAN'S 52.947 LOANS 133 132 133 TOTAL 50,647 25.327 4,00 5.245 2.32 9,732 !.000 4,61 SRANTS 52.47 ?6.327 14,714 4,303 5.045 3.CO !,32 LOANS !. 6.61 --- --- --- 2,000 NEW THE GAMBIA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD IN norOSED OBLIGATION Souro the modo de Economic and Financial Policy FY 1988 Life of Project Funding Analyses II DFA 1,000 Number 635-0227 ED. & HR Population Estimated Completion Sel. Act Estimated Find Obligation Initial obligation Doto of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1990 FY 1992 Purpose: To institutionalize The Gambia's economic policy Host Country and Other Donors: The Gambia has already made the development and monitoring capacity at a level commensurate with commitment necessary to achieve successful policy reform and is its needs. moving to establish its independent institutional capacity to manage this and subsequent programs. The United Kingdom is Project Description: This project provides technical assistance assisting with operational experts in the Accountant General's and training to support development of The Gambia's economic Office, Customs, and the Central Bank. International financial policy apparatus. It helps The Gambia meet its needs for institutions and multilateral donors are assisting with experts in increased policy development and monitoring capacity in nearly all the Ministry of Planning and also in the Central Bank. Combined areas of economic policy - fiscal, monetary, price, trade, and with U.S. assistance for basic policy development, they constitute investment. This project is a continuation and refinement of a comprehensive, multi-donor-supported policy development and activities commenced under an earlier project (Economic and management effort. Financial Policy Analyses (EFPA I). That project is centered in the Ministry of Finance and Trade (MOFT). It has helped the Beneficiaries: The primary thrust of the policies supported by Government make decisions in support of the wide-reaching reforms this project is to correct The Gambia's previous policy bias in encompassed in The Gambia's Economic Recovery Program (ERP). The favor of urban consumers. Consequently, the initial beneficiaries first project was limited to the Ministry of Finance and Trade and of the project are the rural producers, who comprise over eighty focused on basic macroeconomic policy reform. This project, in percent of the population. Eventually, all Gambians will benefit conjunction with such entities as the National Investment Board through greater economic stability and productivity. and the Ministry of Agriculture, will focus on the development of refined macroeconomic policies and credit, agricultural pricing, Major Cutputs: development policy and privatization of government commercial enterprises. 1. Ten to fifteen analysts qualified in various aspects of policy analysis. Relationship of_Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: The U.S. 2. Policy-related issues analyzed and well defined and supported assistance strategy in The Gambia is to commit a combination of policy recommendations presented to Cabinet. food assistance, budgetary relief, and project assistance to two 3. Policies developed to restructure economy of The Gambia, mutually-reinforcing development areas: (1) agricultural especially in finance and monetary areas, agricultural development; and (2) financial stabilization and economic reform. development, trade, and privatization of publicly held The strategy component encompassed by EFPA I and II is the enterprises. foundation of the U.S. Mission's policy dialogue efforts in ($000) support of financial stabilization and economic reform. It A.I.D.-Financed Inputs: Life of Project reinforces the policy reform efforts in process under the $6.14 million P.L. 480 Title II Section 206 Program and complements the Long and short-term training 750 agricultural development efforts in process under the $18 million Technical assistance and Equipment 1,250 Gambia Agricultural Research and Diversification Project. Total $2,000 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contracton or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 To be determined Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yee 1988 000 1,000 2.000 134 # Ghana 135 134 至 ​135 Ghana FY 86 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (641) GHANA •FOREIGN TRADE BASIC DATA . WOOD MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )COCOA . GOLD TOTAL POPULATION 13,552 (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 350 (DOLLARS. 1984) PER CAPITA GNP EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 86 ( 1984) 30% (1984) ( 1985) 9% (1985) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. (1965-84) -1.9% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984) TEXTILES . F000 . FUEL ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 52.2% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 131 (1984) 30% (1984) 50 (1985) 10% (1985) 59 9% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 58.0 (1970) TOTAL 48.5 MALE 56.1 MALE 46.9 FEMALE 60.0 FEMALE 50.2 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -61(84) 33(85) - 36 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER (1970) ADULT LITERACY RATE TOTAL 30% MALE 43% FEMALE 18% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 23.4% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1981) 81 6.2% -2.5% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP (1984) 52% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 192 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.6% (1986) -2.5% (1978) (1970) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 29% (1986) 40% an MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 ( 1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE : CASSAVA ,CORN.COCOYAMS 40% (1985) CASH: COCOA BEANS 30% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1979) 10.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COCOA BEANS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 43.6% ( 15-64YRS) 53.4% (65+ YRS) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT MEATS ,RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 73 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .......( .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 6,759 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) MEASLES-ROUGEO'.c. CHICKENPOX . WHOOPING COUGH ( (.) DEATH. TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENO ING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) ( ) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) 85% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ( ) ( ) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 47% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES % (.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP % ( ) % PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 72.5 MALE 80.9 FEMALE 63.9 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 45.9 MALE 51.2 FEMALE 30.2 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 0.8 MALE 1.4 FEMALE 0.2 ( $MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 217 (84) 393 (85) 525 FRUTYALENT TO 6.5 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 35.2% ( :} 136 GHANA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 3,000 1,820 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 3,000 1,820 2,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 3,000 1,820 2,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 al 12,901 6,000 6,901 14,342 8,000 6,342 11,869 6,000 5,869 TOTALS 15,901 16,162 13,869 Footnotes: al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program . FY PERSONNEL DATA- MISSION DIRECT MIRES Category FY 1986 FY 1987 1988 (Actuell (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 5 4 4 Foreign National 10 10 LOIALS 14 14 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Category A5 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total А T Total 28 28 63 63 5 6 23 23 57 57 12 12 А U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regionale Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale FY 1988 (Request) T Total 68 68 8 60 60 15 15 15 12 75 75 83 83 TOTALS 28 28 a n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the b Academic: degree seeking AJO 1702 180) prior FY. Technical: non-degree seekingo dparticipant funded under bilateral programa Participants funded under regional programs lengan CLASE, AMDP). 137 136 137 GHANA PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 3,000 1,620 FY (Request Introduction Assistance 3,000 1,820 2,000 t Fund Since April 1983, Ghana has pursued a series of profound economic policy reforms with extensive foreign donor assistance. Ghana's Economic Recovery Program has put the country in the forefront of current efforts by African governments to liberalize their economies and take advantage of the developmental dynamism of a free market orientation. The first phase of the program (1983-85) focused on improving production incentives; providing Inputs, spare parts and essential rehabilitation equipment; and developing better macroeconomic sanagement. ort Fund 3,000 1,820 2,000 ES 12,901 6,000 6,901 14,342 8,000 6,342 11,869 6,000 5,869 13,869 16,162 15,901 Ghana has succeeded in achieving virtually all of its own targets as well as those imposed by two International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby arrangements. Reforms have reduced inflation from 120% in 1983 to 15% in 1985; achieved a more realistic exchange rate (the foreign exchange auction rate 18 around 150 cedig to one U.S. dollar compared to the official rate of 2.75 cedis to the dollar before April 1983); increased government revenues to 19% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1986 from the inordinately low level of 4% of GDP in 1982; mobilized domestic savings, from 2% of GDP in 1982 to 4% in 1985; and removed price controls to the point where only 11 items, primarily consumer goods, still remain under loose controls. As a follow-up to prior IMF standby arrangements, Ghana 18 negotiating a three-year Extended Pund Facility with the IMF to be finalized in early 1987. The World Bank is orchestrating multi-sectoral structural ad justment initiatives with bilateral support (particularly from Japan, Germany, England and Canada). S Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food FY 1988 (Request) 4 10 14 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actuell (Estimated 5 10 14 uivalent workyears of employment Include HIC, excess property, and I personnel 'ne workyear = 2,087 hours 5 Much in the way of further reform remains to be accomplished. During 1986-88, phase two of the Economic Recovery Program will focus on improving the basis for growth through sectoral reforms, particularly in agriculture, Industry and the social sectors; higher pay for skilled personnel; higher Investment levels; better project selection; and greater private sector participation in production, including privatization of public enterprises. U.S. national security and economic Interests in Ghana are modest. Nevertheless, Ghana's return to economic deprivation and political Instability would contribute to instability throughout the region, discredit the current leadership's pragmatic approach to resolving economic issues, and provide an opportunity for disruption by those internal elements which are opposed to the economic reform program and a market-oriented economy. It is In the long run interest of the United States that Ghana's economic reform effort succeed. Its success could serve as an inducement for other countries in the region to initiate programs of economic reform. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s development strategy in Ghana over the next three years 18 to support Ghana's program of structural, economic and social reforms. A.I.D.'s support of the reform effort Involves dialogue on sacroeconomic and agricultural policy reforms, efforts to privatize state-owned enterprises, social marketing of family planning commodities, restructuring of the health PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) T Total A T Total 28 28 63 63 FY 1988 ( Request Total A T 68 A 8 60 5 23 6 57 12 6 57 12 23 ' zipants 12 12 75 33 75 28 28 138 the sum of participant new starts Tyoven still in training from the Technical: non-degree meeting - Participants funded under bilateral programu Participants funded under regional programu llegir CLAS ANDP. sking. 1 137 138 GHANA and education sectors, and skills training for middle level technical and management personnel in the public and private sectors. A.I.D. provided $6 million in P.L. 480 Title I assistance in FY 1986 and will provide $8 million 10 PY 1987. Title I self help measures commit the Government of Ghana to privatizing state-owned enterprises in the agriculture sector, increasing credit to small scale farmers and agri-businesses through privately owned financial institutions, and reappraising Its graia silo storage program in light of an evaluation critical of the existing progran. The Government has also agreed to conduct economic policy studies related to A.I.D.'s policy dialogue agenda and has expressed a willingness to consider future distribution of imported P.L. 480 rice through private trading houses, depending on the results of an upcoming local currency-funded study of the domestic market for imported rice. A.I.D. provided $6.9 million in P.L. 480 Title II food commodities in FY 1986 and plans to provide $6.3 million in FY 1987 for maternal child health feeding and food-for-work programs, currently reaching 350,000 beneficiaries. The Contraceptive Supplies project (641-0109) received $3 million 10 FY 1986 and will be fully funded in FY 1987 with the proviaion of a final transfer of $1.8 million. The project is designed to help Ghana naintain an equilibrum between its population growth rate and its economic growth rate by Increasing the voluntary use of contraceptives by Ghanaian couples. The project focuses on social marketing of contraceptives through numerous privately owaed pharmacies, small peddlers, kiosks and other outlets throughout Ghana. The country's first nationwide mass media advertising campaign for contraceptives was launched under the project in the summer of 1986. The project also ls Intended to upgrade the family planning skills of Ministry of Health service providers. A.I.D.'s training program in Ghana has been carried out under the regionally-funded African Manpower Development Project II. The project provided $813,000 for skills training in PY 1986, lacluding the reobligation of $530,000 from deobligated funds of an earlier training project. The new regional training project, Human Resources Development, 18 expected to provide $300,000 for skills training in FY 1987. FY 1988 Program In FY 1988 A.I.D. proposes to provide $6 million in P.L. 480 Title I funds foc cotton and rice. The Title I program will place Increased emphasis on local currency financing of private enterprises, privatization efforts and economic policy studies. Under the P.L. 480 Title II program, $5.9 million will be provided for the traditional program to improve child nutrition and encourage rural development and self-help activities. The extended Managed Input Delivery and Agricultural Services (MIDAS) II project will receive an additional $2 million under the Development Fund for Africa to finance activities involved in a restructuring of the Ghana Seed Compaay. Mission Director: William B. Lefes 1 139 138 139 ASE21 22/04/07 CP 88 sectors, and skills training for adddle level technical and sonnel in the public and private sectors. 252 34 ; 1,234 252 - DROP9590 FY? 3- -NOX; -!1760 ATIONS DITURES 1 1 d $6 aillion in P.L. 480 Mtle I assistance in FY 1986 and vill 111on la PY 1987. Mele I self help measures comade the Ghana to privatizing state-owned enterprises in the agriculture 1sing credit to small scale farmers and agri-businesses thrasp id financial institutions, and reappraising its grain bllo in in light of an evaluation critical of the existing prograt. : has also agreed to conduct ecopoalc policy studies related to y dialogue agenda and has expressed a villingness to consider pution of laported P.L. 480 rice through private tradias houses , he results of an upcoming local currency-funded study of the et for laported rice. 21: OITURES 1.629 כסכ,1 2.500 2,599 2.500 -ESTINATED FY97- -Niels -!ITEC ATIONS 1.820 1,623 1.820 d $6.9 million in P.L. 480 Title II food combodities in F9 1988 rovide $6.3 afllion in FY 1987 for maternal child health od-for-work prograns, currently reaching 350,000 beneficiaries. 15S 435 147 113 SC DITURES -ACTUAL FYBO- 4TIONS - Nä&x3 -$1760 1 3.000 סככ,3 3,000 Ive Supplies project (641-0109) received $3 allloa 10 17 1986 lly funded in FY 1987 with the provision of a floal transfer of The project 18 designed to help Ghana maintain an equilibrium pulation growth raté and its economic growth rate by lacreasta ise of contraceptives by Ghanaian couples. The project focuses eting of contraceptives through punerous privately owned i11 peddlers, kiosks and other outlets throughout Ghana. The t nationwide nasg sed la advertising campaign for contraceptives ider the project in the summer of 1986. The project also 18 grade the family planning skills of Ministry of Health service ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECT 5 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAR) 116 1,283 3,334 1,369 969 6,617 1,369 -THROUGH FY 95- -Niels - 9:760 ATIONS DITURIS 1.656 9.50 OCO", 11.136 7.130 000" 2.180 2.180 2.100 1,356 SUTARY LOO 1.555 16056 CS6 0795 1.000 11.106 16,276 7,136 7.296 OCO'. C002 1,000 1.390 7.003 1,300 סכנ.? 7,020 1383 10 91760 ng program in Ghana has been carried out under the ed African Manpower Development Project II. The project 00 for skills training la FY 1986, including the reobligatie o deobligated funds of an earlier training project. The new ng project, Human Resources Development, 18 expected to O for skills training in FY 1987. • LPT ORT OF ; ::1: יו .:יעו ܕܐ GRANTS OBLI; LOANS GRANTS 9 9357 LOANS . AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION DEV APPLICATIONS DE INTERMEDIATE TECH SANAGED INPUT OLLIVERYTAS WANASED INPUT DELIVERIA; 641-008- **1-0102 SERVICES 11 641-0102 SERYICES IS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT D. proposes to provide $6 million in P.L. 480 Title I funds fer The Mtle I program will place increased emphasis on local Ing of private enterprises, privatlantion efforts sad economie Under the P.L. 480 Title II program, $5.9 al lllon vill be ? traditional program to laprove child autrition and encourage and self-help activities. The extended Managed Input 'icultural Services (MIDAS) Il project will receive an 111on under the Development Pund for Africs to floance ved in a restructuring of the Chana Seed Coapaay. . ; 62 52 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES INJUST CENTER 6.1-0108 OUTEAU FOX AFRICA POPULATION PLANNING CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLIES 641-0139 OPPORTINA (PVO) *O2 ; William B. Lefes 139 140 PAG! 25 12/04/97 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPCS90 PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 65 BUREAU FOR APRICA GHANA -957: AT! FYS7- Ligo ELPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSIO FY99- OGL15- SYPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH FYS- LIG. SIDEN- ITIONS OITURES :ܐܬܪܘ -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES LFY OF FY O. I INITIAL INAL GOSLI: OLI: LO PLAYN! AUTH) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 354 --- 1.363 971 971 356 DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA :ככ,1 2.00) --- --- --- --- --- --- i33 2.300 --- 1.90 --- --- --- כככ.2 1,333 --- 1,957 6,17 1,823 --- 1.9 147 P TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.365 1.353 1.368 GRANTS 1.363 1.353 LOANS 30 38 561-0102 SANASED INPUT DELIVERY/A; SERVICES II TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.050 2.000 GRANTS LOANS ככ2,2 4,736 5,19 1.820 1.224 1.000 CONTRY TOTAL 7,457 TOTAL 21,474 22,064 נננ,2 3,152 3.000 10,654 5.588 GRANTS 17,474 15,066 4.000 7.000 4.000 1.96 LOANS 141 TOTAL a DEVELOPIT UND arenca >*1-0192 HANDLO ! *u* peuverai SERVICES 11 **? --- * ܕܕ ܀ TOTAL POR ACCOUNT .... &. LOANS CONTRY TOTAL TOTAL GRANTS LOANS .000 .30 5.000 Guinea 142 FY S8 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA . ****.) •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 6, 200 MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984 )BAUX ITE . ALUMINA .DIAMONDS PER CAPITA GNP 330 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S WILLIONS, us, FOB) (1993) 126 126 ( 1985) 127 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1969-84) AS X OF TOTAL EXPORTS .) .% ( .) ANUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)PETROL. PRODUCT. METALS MACH. STRANSP. E NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( .) . % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 24 36 86 (1986) Lire EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS 2* (***) ***** AS % OF TOTAL INPORTS .) . (1986) TOTAL 40.7 KALE 38.8 FEMALE 42.6 (1970) TOTAL 34.7 NALE 33: 1 FEMALE 36.3 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)( .) .(.) .(.) AOULI LITERACY RATE (1965) TOTAL FEMALE 4% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES FRANCE GERMANY, FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF ON (1984) 59.ox • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYHENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. (1984) 10% ( 1976-1985) -0.8% AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). •SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (675) GUINEA BASIC DATA (DOLLARS, 1984) 9% MALE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP . (1984) 1.9% (1986) 3.1% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.6% (1978) POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KW OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 127 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) (1986) 23% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE...... .(1970) ( 1986) SUBSISTENCE : RICE .CASSAVA ,MILLET (1989) CASH: COFFEE ,PALN KERNELS 10% ( 1985) MRRIED WOMEN AGED 18-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( 1077) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) PALM KERNELS COFFEE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 42.7% (15-G4YRS) 54.4% (63• YRS) 2.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) RICE WEAT .. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ( 1986) 186 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ..... .) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1977) 17,223 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (6 MILLIONS, V.S.) DISEASE (1979) MALARIA .GONOCOCCAL INFEC, INTESTINAL INF. (1979) 432 (82) 787 (89) 427 DEATH.. (1967) PARASITE & INFEC, FLU S PNEUMONIA TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .(.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) 89% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) C.) .(.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN ADE GROUP : AS % OF GN.. (1982) TOTAL 26.6 KALE 38.2 FEMALE 20.4 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 12.3 RULE 19.0 FEMALE ..2 POST SECONDARY OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, (1900) TOTAL MALE FEMALE PERTO (SMILLIONS, U.S.) 2. EQUIVALENT TO . ENERGY PROOUCTION AS X OF CONSU OPTION MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( 144 : : : : : : : issons le 142 143 1MPORTS FROM U.S. (S WILLIONS, us. CIF) (1963) 24 .X 36 2.* (***) LOV 20% OF POPULATION. X LITE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 40.7 MALE 38. FEMALE 42.6 TOTAL 34.7 MALE 23.1 FEMALE 36.3 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1965) TOTAL MALE 14% FEMALE swali mi (OLGI) % TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) .) X8 ..) TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , FRANCE GERMANY. FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF ONP (1984) so.ox -0.8% AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1986) AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS X OF GOP..... .(1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (6 MILLIONS. U.S.).... As % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE Rajio). {***} 10% * () () MAJOR CROP(S) ARADLE LANO SUBSISTENCE: RICE CASSAVA MILLET CASH: COFFEE .PALN KERNELS ... 10% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) PALM KERNELS COFFEE MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1088) RICE WEAT PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. .) •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S WILLLONS. 0.5. (1970) 432 (na) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDINO MILLIONS, U.S. C otr ICIT(-) on SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS. U.S.) DEFENSU EXPENDITURES, 0 TOTAL ECOITURES.. :: 091AAL RESERVES So. • SOCIAL DATA 127 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.6X (1070) 1.9% (1906) 3. 1% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 23 YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE.... (1970) (1986) o (1905) MARRIED WOMEN AQED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% POPULATION (1966) IN AGE GROUP: 10-14VRS) 42.7% (15-64VRS) 54.4% (65• VRS) 2.0 INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 186 . PEOPLE PER PYSICIAN. (1977) 17.223 MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1970) MALARIA .QONOCOCCAL INFEC. INTESTINAL IN. 427 DEATH.. (1967) PARASITE • INFEC. LU PNEUMONIA PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS AX OF REQUIREMENTS.. POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLYCIDO) AS RATIO OOOULAVIONI TOTAL SCHOOL (co) LOL > - ' ENROLLEN quium V 081 7d Grant W07 GUINEA Tide 1 TOTALS Title 11 a/ (Food for Progress TOTALS Economic Support Fund Grant Lom Development Pund Development Assistance Category ? 17,715 {5,4003 1986 6,000 000-9 11,715 10,000 FY 1986 10,000 1,715 NO 370204 prior Fy. Regionale Regional Bilaterald TOTALS Bilaterald "loademic: degree socking Third Country Participants U.S. Participants Category during the FY & carryover still in training from the In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 36 32 Ab 36 4 FY TC 22 1 (Actual). 14 3 4 8 1986 Total 145 A PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' 47 (Estimated) FY CLASE ANDPA т 19 1987 Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipante funded under bilateral programs Total 51 Participants funded under regional programs lengan 4 А 43 43 FY 18 (Request) Total 1988 TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Esseludes TDP. Öne workyear - 2,087 hour FY (Astud) 2 Toral full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES (Estimated) FY 3 1987 FY 8 3 1988 Progran. Footnotes: al See Malo Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food (Actual). 1,715 PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) (Estimated) FY 4,665 1987 nuwe 4,665 5 64 9 9 1 (isonboy) 6,500 FY (Request) 1988 lica, 1 144 GUINEA Introduction Guinea, one of the world's least developed countries, 1s confronted by enormous development problems. A number of these problems are the result of the previous government's adoption of inappropriate economic policies shortly after the country gained its independence in 1958. These policies emphasized State economic domination with highly centralized decision-making and enforced collectivization of individual enterprises, especially in the agricultural sector. As a result, the country's economic growth levels fell to those of the pre-independence era. After 28 years, the physical infrastructure has completely deteriorated; public services are among the worst in West Africa; and the industrial sector operates at less than 20% of installed capacity. The level of school enrollment 18 one of the lowest in Africa and the quality of instruction at all levels can be characterized by continued deterioration. Life expectancy rates are among the lowest in the world at 37 years, while infant mortality 18 estimated at 158 per 1000 live births. The health status of the average Guinean is inferior to that of the citizens in most other African countries. Despite these development problems, Guinea has sufficient natural resources to make it anong Africa's richest countries. The country has substantial bauxite, Iron ore, gold, and diamond deposits and rich marine resources in Its territorial waters. The rivers and streams of the country's middle highlands offer vast hydroelectric power potential and are the headwaters of West Africa's principal rivers. Guinea has under-cultivated fertile agricultural areas which, combined with its favorable climate, could allow the country to be self-sufficient in food production and an exporter of cash crops. es lo 19 e 15 to The present government, which came to power in April 1984, recognized the country's poor economic situation and began, in the fall of 1985, an economic policy reform program to aggressively address Guinea's development problems. Since then a number of measures have been adopted to reshape the country's monetary system and encourage the development of a free-market economy. The Government of Guinea has also rescheduled its official debt with OECD countries at the Paris Club and is negotiating similar agreements with its other creditors. Through these efforts the Government hopes to stimulate economic growth and diversify its modern sector from its overde pendence on the mining and export of bauxite. The depth of Guinea's economic problems suggests that several years will be required before the economic reform program will generate the economic diversification needed to lead to growth above the estimated annual rate of population increase of almost 3%. Present per capita Gross National Product is $300. The economic reform program will reach its first anniversary in December 1986, but much work remains to be completed before the effects of over two decades of neglect and the inappropriate economic policies from which Guinea suffered will be reversed. 8 146 144 145 GUINEA GUINEA Encouraged by the country's considerable potential, the present government, assiated by the International donor community, is attempting to address its formidable development problems. Central to this strategy is the focus on structural adjustment and the expansion of agricultural production to diversify the economy. The Government of Guinea will need considerable support and encouragement to continue to implement its rigorous reform program. Introduction Guinea, one of the world's least developed countries, 1s confronted by enormous development problens. A number of these problems are the result i the previous governaent's adoption of inappropriate econonic policles sir. after the country gained its independence in 1958. These policies esplats State economic domination with highly centralized decision-saking and enforced collectivization of Individual enterprises, especially in the agricultural sector. As a result, the country's econoaic growth levels i to those of the pre-independence era. After 28 years, the physical infrastructure has completely deteriorated; public services are along the vorst in West Africa; and the Industrial sector operates at less the it! installed capacity. The level of school enrollzent 1s one of the lowest a Africa and the quality of instruction at all levels can be characterised by continued deterioration. Life expectancy rates are akong the lowest in the world at 37 years, while infant mortality is estimated at 158 per 10 Liz births. The health status of the average Guinean is inferior to that of the citizens in most other African countries. U.S. Interests and the short-term assistance strategy are centered on supporting the economic reform program as a model for the rest of Africa. The objective of Guinea's economic reform program is in line with U.S. Interests and policies to encourage the development of the private sector in the economy. Continued support to Guinea's reform program promotes a more sympathetic recognition of U.S. global and regional concerns while encouraging the Government of Guinea to develop its relations with the international community in a more neutral manner. It 18 in the interest of the U.S. Government to provide tangible support to a government and people who have shown themselves prepared to embark on a serious political and economic reform program. The failure of Guinea's political and economic 11beralization program would discredit the present leadership and could setback economic and political reform efforts across the continent. Despite these development probleas, Guinea has sufficient natural resources to make it among Africa's richest countries. The country has substantial baurite, iron ore, gold, and diamond deposits and rich narine resources so its territorial waters. The rivers and streans of the country's niedle highlands offer vast hydroelectric power potential and are the headraten e West Africa's principal rivers. Guinea has under-cultivated fertile agricultural areas which, combined with its favorable clinate, could alle the country to be self-sufficient in food production and an exporter of cael cropa. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s strategy in Guinea 18 to support the policy reforns that are essential for Guinea's economic stabilization and growth, Central to this strategy 18 support for the expansion of private enterprise development and the encouragement of liberal market policies to lay the foundation for long-term economic diversification through increased agricultural production and export. The present government, which case to power in April 1984, recognized the Fountry's poor econoaic situation and began, in the fall of 1985, an ecose': policy refons program to aggressively address Guinea's developeest problems face then a number of seasures have been adopted to reshape the country's Fonetary system and encourage the developaent of a free-market ecotoay. overnaent of Quiaea has also rescheduled its official debt vith OECD ountries at the Paris Club and 18 negotiating similar agreements vith its ther creditors. Through these efforts the Governsent hopes to stimulate cosoaic growth and diversify its modern sector from its overdependence a se aining and export of bauxite. le depth of Guinea's economic problens suggests that several years will be quired before the economic reform prograa vill generate the economie versification needed to lead to growth above the estimated annual rate of pulation facrease of almost 3%. Present per capita Gross National Product $300. The economic reform program will reach its first anniversary to eader 1986, but much work remains to be completed before the effects of !f two decades of neglect and the inappropriate econonic policies from ch Guinea suffered will be reversed. A.I.D. provides food assistance for balance of payments support for the economic reform program. The local currency generations from program a9818tance, both African Economic Policy Reform Program (AEPRP) and food aid, are used to help alleviate the effects of credit and infrastructure constraints. Increased participant training will emphasize short-term training and seminars to quickly provide selected Guinean officials and members of the private sector with the skills required to develop Guinea's human resources to implement and manage the reform program. A.I.D.'s strategy also includes focusing on increased policy dialogue with the aim of accelerating economic and administrative reforms affecting the agricultural and private sectors. In FY 1986, an African Economic Policy Reform Program (AEPRP) grant for $10 million of ESP funds and a $10.5 million three-year Food for Progress grant for approximately 30,000 MT of rice per year was nade available in recognition of the Government of Guinea's initial progress in the area of economic policy reforu and to provide additional support for the continued implementation of additional reforms, especially in the areas of agriculture and trade liberalization. The continuation of the implementation of the 147 146 146 GUINEA reform effort is assured by the conditions precedent the government must meet before the AEPRP funds are disbursed. The Food for Progress Program has targetted specific support for policy reform measures with performance evaluation factors. A total of $1.6 million from the Agriculture, Rural Development, and Nutrition (ARDN) account was made available to the Econonic Policy Reform Support project to finance participant training in those areas essential to the government's continued implementation of its reform program and to finance technical assistance in support of the Guinean economic refora program. PY 1988 Program In FY 1988, funds will be used to continue A.I.D.'s support of the economic reform program. It is currently planned that all $6.5 million will be used to fund the Agribusiness Investment Promotion project (675-0213), which will build on a previously financed A.I.D. project to assist private Investors. The Pood for Progress program will continue Into its third year and provide 30,000 metric tons of rice at a cost of $5.4 million. Another $3 million in P.L. 480 Title I food commodities will be provided as balance-of-payments support while the Government of Guinea continues its efforts to increase domestic rice production. A.I.D. plans to continue to use the proceeds from this and previous P.L. 480 Title I programs to address credit and Infrastructure constraints and to support an increased role for the private sector in the economy. A.I.D. Affairs Officer: Mark G. Wentling 148 146 147 TINYA 32/04/87 1910 CP 95 1,500 005 2.000 2.000 1.50? 1,500 1,500 efon effort is assured by the conditions precedent the goverraent mest et efore the AEPRP funds are disbursed. The food for Progress Progran has argetted specific support for policy refors measures with performance valuation factors. A total of $1.6 million from the Agriculture, ketel evelopment, and Nutrition (ARDN) account vas sade available to the iconime: olicy Refor Support project to finance participant training la those tw agential to the government's continued laplementation of its refon para nd to finance technical assistance la support of the Guinean economic relia rograa. -Nida -861 Cascoord- Sianic S1031 -SI110 COS CCS 0059 --- | 1988 Program 135 os Ссг 1.121 מכל SiONIC 2.517 ; 2,517 EXPEN- -ESTITATEO FT37. ITIONS 35 Gil's .31180 5999 --- 599, | PY 1988, funds will be used to continue A.1.D.'s support of the ecsende for progra It is currently planned that all $6.5 million vill be use tund the Agribusiness Investeent Promotion project (675-0213), which wil 118 on a previously financed A.1.D. project to assist private lovestors, e Pood for Progress prograa vill continue lato its third year and provide ,000 betric tons of rice at a cost of $5.4 million. Another $3 aillie L. 480 Title I food comodities will be provided as balance-of-paraents pport while the Governsent of Guinea continues its efforts to increase mestic rice production. A.1.D. plans to continue to use the proceeds fra Is and previous P.L. 480 Title I programs to address credit and frastructure constraints and to support an increased role for the private itor in the econosy. 9 CO2 250 : 2,916 2.915 EXPOK DITURES -ACTUAL FY&S- ATIONS --- 150 --- -91160 1.715 00 1.565 1.715 SURSARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (sar 100 0 SONUSNON NI) 633 168 1 196 16,232 15,667 15.667 149 .D. Affairs Officer: Mark G. Wentling -TMR DUGM PYSS- -A3X; -91100 ATIONS DITURES OCO COS 3.300 1.399 ; COS.CZ 20. 509 CINNV10 AUTNO 009' C59 059 3.300 3.800 14,400 LO CCA 1.800 3.733 2.500 2.500 25.393 23.150 PAS 26,880 23.196 13.165 13.755 13.765 .:160 82 35 35 1 25 lo LPY OF FY OF INITIAL SINAL SS 93 76 19 27 30 GRANTS 91160 LOANS 37 SRANTS LG 43 . ! 9 19 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT u . AÖRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION N- 46 PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND 675-0201 TRAINING G SMALL MOLDER PREPARATION 573-0204 BUREAU POR APRICA APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY (PVO) 675-0238 AORIOUSINESS PREPARATION 673-0212 SSIN AGRIBUSINESS INVESTMENT .75-0213 PROMOTION D!VELOPMENT PUND AFRICA ECONONIC POLICY REP02 675-0218 PROGRANTA 43RY BUSINESS INVESTAAT 675-0213 PROMOTION Morena dator FY GUINEA PROJECT NO. 1111 ON .75 148 148 SUR442Y OF ACTIVE AND PRIOOSE >OJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR AFRICA PAGE 30 02/04787 075 GUINEA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 23 FY OF FP OE 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG L! LO? PLANN: AUTH -THROUGH FY 35- OBLIG- S XEN- ATIONS DITURAS -ACTUAL FY 36- OBLI;- EXPEN ATIONS DITUROS -SSTIMATED FY37- OLI;- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED CY?9- OBLI; - EXDEN- ATIONS SITURES ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUN 075-0217 PROMOTION OF PRIVATE KAPKETIN-APP 35 10.000 10.000 10.000 --- 2.000 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT - 2.000 2.000 10.000 2.0.0 2.000 --- --- COUNTRY TOTAL 10.000 16.000 10.000 GRANTS 13.300 13.000 LOANS TOTAL 47.645 33,150 20.500 15,667 11,715 2.910 4,665 4.517 5.55 9.500 GRANTS 47,045 33,153 23.520 15,667 11,115 2016 4.665 6.517 6,500 5,500 LOANS 150 Guidance Pon- Adhocolon, dute. 149 --- --- 10.000 --- --- 2.000 --- 2.000 --- 10.000 --- 2.000 --- 2.000 2.0.0 2.000 --- --- 15.667 11,715 2.16 6.665 4.917 6.500 5.500 148 675-0217 PROMOTION OF PRIVATE APRETINO-ALPRP 10.00 10,000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.000 10.30 GRANTS 10.000 13.000 10.000 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 47.645 33.150 20.500 15.667 11.715 2.916 4,665 4.517 6.502 5,500 GRANTS 47.645 33.150 23.590 LOANS --- --- 1 Guinea-Bissau 150 F FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (657) GUINEA-BISSAU • FOREIGN TRADE BASIC DATA PALM KERNELS MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) PEANUTS SHRI MP TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 907 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS. 1984) 190 EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS. US, FOB) ( AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( ( :3 C .( ) .) ist .) .) X .% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE ( 1965 - .) MAJOR IMPORTS(1984) FOODSTUFFS , MF RO GOOOS . FUELS ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 9. 1% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S ($ MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1979) O (1981) (1980) .% ( .) The LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 442 (1970) TOTAL 38.7 MALE 42.6 MALE 37.2 FEMALE 45.9 FEMALE 40.2 TRADE BALANCE ( $ MILLIONS, U.S.) .) .(82) -50(83) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TRADING PARTNERS: PORTUGAL , ITALY , FRANCE TOTAL 19% MALE 25% FEMALE 13% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 112% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( (1984) ( .) 3 X AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1983) 43% SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION GROWTH RATE 54 1.7% (1986) (1970) 2.3% 0.7% (1978) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 18% (1986) 28% . (1970) 6 (1986) 6 MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO SUBSISTENCE: RICE , SORGHUM .CASSAVA 27% CASH: PEANUTS ,PALM KERNELS ,CASHEWS IN SHELL 30% YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1995) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS USING CONTRACEPTION (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) PEANUTS ,PALM KERNELS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.9% (15-64YRS) 51.5% (65• YRS) 3.6% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1985) RICE , WHEAT INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 136 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1980) 7.491 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1981) MALARIA DEATH PROTOZOAL INTEST. GONOCOCCAL INFEC PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) 95% POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 10% TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) ( ) ( ) TOTAL EXPENO I TURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) (.) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) (.) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES, · X > AS X OF GNP. .) .) OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, PERIOO. (SMILLIONS, V.5.) > EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( 37.4 : % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : % PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 54.9 MALE 71.1 FEMALE SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 7.6 MALE FEMALE POST SECONDARY.. TOTAL MALE FEMALE PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) ENERGY 152 151 TON (1973-84) 9.1% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984) FOOD STUFFS MF RD GOODS . FUELS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( IMPORTS FROM U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1979) ..) 1 ( 1980) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 44.2 ( 1970) TOTAL 38.7 0 % " MALE 42.6 MALE 37.2 x (1983 FEMALE 45.9 FEMALE 40.2 TRADE BALANCE ( S MILLIONS, U.S.) ADULT LITERACY RATE .) (82) (1980) -50(83) TOTAL 19% MALE 25% FEMALE 13% TRADING PARTNERS: PORTUGAL ITALY , FRANCE • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE - .) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP ..... (1983) EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 112% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS. U.S.).... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) % (1989) 3 X 43% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / $Q KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 150 MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND SUBSISTENCE: RICE SORGHUM .CASSAVA 27% CASH: PEANUTS PALM KERNELS CASHEWS IN SHELL 30% 54 POPULATION GROWTH RATE .. (1970) 0.7% (1978) 1.7% (1986) 2.3% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS . (1970) 18% (1986) 26% YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) (1986) 6 (1985) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.07% POPULATION (1906) IN AGE GROUP (0-14YRS) 44.9% (15-64YRS) 51.5% (68. VRS) 3.6% INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 136 % PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN, (1980) 7.491 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) PEANUTS ,PALM KERNELS MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) RICE . WHEAT PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE -CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OP DISEASE (108) MALARIA DEATH.. ..) :PROTOZOAL INTEST: GONDCOCCAL INFEC TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (MILLIONS, U.S.) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LLNO ING (1 MILLIONS DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ( MILLIONS. 0.5 DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS A EXPEDITURES 3 CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A OF REQUIREMENTS POPULATION SVO 3 Inser *** SEO." ** OS Other Tide 1 081 78 Grant 1807 Title 11 a/ TOTALS TOTALS Economic Support Fund Grant Loan Development Fund Development Assistance Category GUINEA-BISSAU 9 7 2,000 2,000 2,000 FY 1986 2,000 AIO 370-2003) prior Ty. Regionale TOTALS Bilateral d Regionale Bilateral d Academic: degree seeking Third Country Participants U.S. Participants Category during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the Ola-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 27 21 27 A5 TC (Actual) 3 7 FY 1986 PARTICIPANT Total 153 A CLASE AMDP) т FY 1987 TRAINING DATA' Technical: non-degree seeking Total Participande fondod under regional programs (eg, dParticipants funded under bilateral programa А 28 (Request) 3 FY 1988 Total TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Excluder TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours (Actual). FY 1986 PERSONNEL DATA 4 Tosal full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and IG personnel Estimated) FY 1987 MISSION DIRECT HIRE 4 (Request) FY 1988 Program. Footnotes: a/ See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food (Actual) PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) (Estimated) FY 1,760 1987 SE (partupi53) ܝܝܙܬ ܝܝܕܝܝܐ S 2,583 823 823 1,760 09LʻT 서 ​6 (Request) 1988 ساااا 0 2,000 7 ܝܕܣ ܚ ܗ ܚ ܚܐ ܝ 152 GUINEA-BISSAU Introduction Guinea-Bissau ranks among the 20 poorest countries in the world. Per capita Gross National Product (GNP) stands at v.s. $190 per annun, the population growth rate is 2.4% per annum, inflation 18 9.1% per annum, and the country's negative trade balance is made up largely of food and fuel imports. These factors suggest that improvement from this level will be Blow and difficult. Progress, and a lack thereof, must be measured from 1974 when Independence was won and the present government inherited a country and an economy tom by war. From a starting point marked by poor or nonexistent tostitutional and physical infrastructure, the Government attempted to bring about economic and social development within the confines of a socialist model. Where such experiments elsewhere have brought about economic decline, It brought Guinea-Bissau to a virtual economic standstill. In 1984 the Government tempered its ambitions and instituted reforms designed to reverse the economic decline. These included a 100% devaluation of the local currency, consumer and producer price measures, and tax increases. While all are sound policies, a lack of completeness in their coverage and delays in their implementation, exacerbated by a fall in world commodity prices and a severe drought, have resulted in 11ttle measurable progress over the past two years. The Government, rather than reverting to its previous centrally controlled and restrictive modality in the face of these setbacks, has accepted the challenge to go further along the path of liberalization. The first steps have been the announcements that the private sector will be encouraged to compete with state-owned concerns. In the area of exporting, for example, actions have been undertaken to reduce employment and investment in the public sector, while consumer prices and the value of the local currency have already been allowed to move in the desired directions. In addition to restoring fiscal responsibility within the public sector, the Government 18 exploring a wide range of measures by which it can encourage growth within the private sector, most markedly by seeking to increase private investment in the lead sectors of agriculture, forestry and fishing. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Guinea-Bissau has good potential for development with rich solls, favorable rainfall, as well as vast forestry and fishery resources, but 18 hindered from utilizing these resources by a serious lack of appropriate institutions and human resources. A.I.D.'s strategy is to promote agricultural development and food self-sufficiency through institution building, technology transfer, and development of the private sector. In the Agricultural, Rural Development and Nutrition sector, the Rice Production project (657-0009) continues to disseminate improved production 154 152 153 INEA-BISSAU GUINEA-BISSAU troduction Inea-Bissau ranks among the 20 poorest countries in the world. Per pita Gross National Product (GNP) stands at U.S. $190 per annum, the pulation growth rate 18 2.4% per annun, inflation 18 9.11 per anta, el country's negative trade balance is sade up largely of food and feel ports. These factors suggest that laprovesent fron this level vill be w and difficult. technology. Following a planned FY 1987 evaluation, A.I.D. intends to support the replicability of this technology. The South Coast Agricultural Development project (657-0010) has contributed to the institutional development necessary to increase agricultural production by providing training and equipment to Guinea-Bissau's land reclamatioa agency. The provision of the technical assistance component of the project over its remaining 11 fetime will accelerate the development of the Institutional capacity of that agency. The Food Crop Protection III project (657-0012) has provided training and the physical resources (vehicles and a laboratory) needed for the development of a National Crop Protection service, The Agricultural Industrial Development Fund project (657-0013) will be designed for implenentation in FY 1987. ->gress, and a lack thereof, must be seasured from 1974 when Independen von and the present government inherited a country and an econany te var. Prom a starting point narked by poor or poneristent Institutional physical Infrastructure, the Governaent atteapted to bring about maonic and social development within the confines of a socialist model. re such experiments elsewhere have brought about economic decline, it jught Guinea-Bissau to a virtual economic standst111. 1984 the Governsent teapered 1ts ambitions and instituted reforms igned to reverse the econoaic decline. These included a 100% aluation of the local currency, consumer and producer price beasures, tax increases. While all are sound policies, a lack of completeness their coverage and delays in their laplementation, exacerbated by a 1 in world commodity prices and a severe drought, have resulted in tle measurable progress over the past two years. Within the Education and Human Resources sector, the Technical Skills Training project (657-0011) 18 financing tralaing, sector surveys and feasibility surveys. It was designed to instill within appropriate public and private sector institutions the ability to identify, design, fund, and implement investment activities in the agricultural sector. In addition, A.I.D. plans to contiaue to provide training funds from the new regional Human Resources Developrent project (698-0463). Under the previous regional project, African Manpower Development Program (698-0433), A.I.D. has been able to provide long-term training and short-term training abroad and has conducted to-country training programs designed to support the A.I.D. strategy la Guinea-Bissau. A.I.D. 18 preparing a P.L. 480 Title II program for inplementation coanencing in FY 1987. The proposed $823,000 program would replace emergency food shipments that were provided until 1994. This will help Guinea-Bissau to overcome some of the most pressing problems caused by its food deficits while the private sector increases food production. FY 1988 Program Governsent, rather than reverting to its previous centrally controlle restrictive modality to the face of these setbacks, has accepted the ileage to go further along the path of 11beralization. The first stepa been the announcements that the private sector will be encouraged to pete with state-owed concerns. In the area of exporting, for example, lons have been undertaken to reduce employment and Investment to the lic sector, while consumer prices and the value of the local currency already been allowed to sove in the desired directions. In addition restoring fiscal responsibility within the public sector, the Trobent is exploring a vide range of seasures by which it can encourage sth within the private sector, bost markedly by seeking to increase ate fnvestment in the lead sectors of agriculture, forestry and ing In PY 1988, A.I.D. is requesting a total of $2 million for the continuation of the Agricultural Industrial Development Fund project (657-0013). Having set in place the structure essential to effect private lavestnent in the agricultural sector, the project will provide the catalyst which will support far greater flows of financial resources than could be sustained by A.I.D. alone. The P.L. 480 Title II program will continue at a level of $799,000. D. Developeent Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D. Representative: Gueste Daniels, III ea-Bissau has good potential for development with rich solls, rable rainfall, as well as vast forestry and fishery resources, bat !! red from utilizing these resources by a serious lack of appropriate Etutions and human resources. A.I.D.'s strategy is to promote Cultural developaent and food self-sufficiency through institution ing, technology transfer, and development of the private sector. e Agricultural, Rural Development and Nutrition sector, the Rice ction project (657-0009) continues to disseninate improved productice 155 154 154 SUMMAT OF ACTIVE AND PROPCS!! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/14/07 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 39 657 GUINEA-BISSAU PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L FY OFFY OF LO ! INITIAL FINAL LANN:D LG AUTHO -THROUS FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY:7- OSLI SYDEN- 41IONS JITUNES -PROPCS. FY29- OBLIG SYDEN- ATIONS DITORES ܪܐܬܪܘ AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV, AYD NUTRITION --- G 75 1.842 77 83 1,714 1.942 1.!53 1,230 224 1.979 ... 195 73 93 3 1.839 1.239 117 543 529 -- 972 212 1.533 1,500 17 955 1,500 ככ1,0 700 132 --- --- 250 35 420 1.250 1.250 --- -- 700 93 1.573 100 97 --- 1,57 --- 3,428 3,42% 3,74 2.300 1.735 1.76 --- --- --- --- LOANS --- --- EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 10 103 1.530 597 35 :50 --- --- --- 1.500 1.500 597 103 000 10 --- 597 $33 103 10 657-0002 AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT 657-0007 FOOD CROP PROTECTION II 4,500 2.541 3 90 36 657-0009 RICE PRODUCTION 517 6.617 3,720 93 37 657-0010 3 SOUTH COAST RICE PRODUCTION 5.540 5.500 657-0012 3 FOOD CROP PROTECTION III 657-0013 AGRI. INDUSTRIAL DEV. FUND 5.597 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12,931 2.000 1,233 1.750 16.661 15.096 GRANTS 5.697 12.901 10,551 15.050 657-0011 TECHNICAL SKILLS TRAININ: 1,500 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.500 1.500 GRANTS 1.500 1.500 1.500 LOANS DEVELOPMENT PUND FOR AFRICA 156 155 ATIONS OITURES ATIONS EXPEN- DITURES SKICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION DOLI 4TIONS DIN- SIUS -PRO"$) PY- OLI: - - ATIONS OITURES AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT o 77 30 1.442 1.550 1.842 1,714 75 F000 CROP PROTECTION II 3 78 93 99 1.83 1.239 1.99 1,230 224 RICE PRODUCTION 90 86 95 .617 4.617 4.500 2.541 117 83 37 92 5.540 5.500 3.720 3 SOUTN COAST RICE PRODUCTION 657-0012 3 FOOD CROP PROTECTION III 529 212 1.533 955 85 35 1,500 1.250 1.250 1.00 1.500 250 13? 3 AGRI. INDUSTRIAL DEV. PUND 37 3 420 1.5?! 700 1.373 100 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 790 16.661 15.056 12.931 5.597 2.000 1.933 154 GRANTS 1.750 1.561 15.05. 12.931 --- 5.697 3,428 LOANS 2.000 1.933 1.760 e JUCATION AND 3.429 MUMAN RESOURCES TECHNICAL SKILLS TRAININA 85 1.500 SOO 1.500 10 103 ! TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1. SCO 1.500 10 103 1.500 10 • SUNARY - ACTIVE AND PROPOSEROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 32 02/04/87 JUREAU POR AFRICA CP 06 657 GUINEA-$15 SAU -PROPOSED FYS- OLIS SXPON- ATIONS DITURIS -THROUGN FYSS- ILI - EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LFY OP PY OP I INITIAL SINAL G OBLI: LIG ܪܐܬܘ -EST!YAT Y37- OLIS SIPEN- ITIONS DITURUS -ACTUAL FY36- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOD PLANNID AUTH) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 2.009 700 97 93 2.437 657-0013 AGOT. INDUSTRIAL DEV. FUN? ܘܘܘܐܐ 700 --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2003? 2.09 700 GRANTS 2.437 CO. LOANS 4.196 2.000 4.715 COJNTRY TOTAL 1.750 9,707 2.036 16.431 2.000 TOTAL 23.593 16.556 6,715 2.000 5,707 16,4?1 1.760 2.000 2.230 GRANTS 20.598 16.556 --- --- --- 200 --- -0. LOANS 657-0002 657-0007 657-000 657-0010 657-0013 657-0011 157 Cottorty PYion commentation beton D31, on the world.com nastawie to Dec 31, 100th Yellom to deep 156 - Kenya 159 156 157 Kenya FYI CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (016) KENYA •FORE I ON TRADE BASIC DATA . TEA TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, NID 1906) MAJOR EXPORTS(1984)REEXPORT PETROL, COFFEE 21.453 PER CAPITA ONP.. (DOLLARS, 1984) 310 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1963) 63 (1988) 6% (1905) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 10% 2.1% 6% (1984) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1904 ) MACHINERY . TRANSPORT EOP ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.8% . CRUDE OIL NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) 2.7% IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S NILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 76 (1984) (1985) 106 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 7% (1984) 6% (1988) (1906) TOTAL 59.7 MALE 57.7 FEMALE 61.6 (1970) TOTAL 52.2 MALE 51.0. FEMALE 53.4 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) - 279(04) -315(BS) -347 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 47% MALE 60% FENALE 35% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM , GERMANY, FEDER JAPAN EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GAP (1984) 45.6% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 348 (1976-1985) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 22.0% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF QDP. (1984) 27% •SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / $0 KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 310 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.5% (1978) 4.1% (1906) 4.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 10% ( 1966) 17% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) (1986) SUBSISTENCE : CORN CATTLE ,PUL SES 87% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,TEA ,BEEF AND VEAL 10% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1984) 17.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE .TEA ,PINEAPPLES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 51.5% (15-64YRS) 46.4% (65+ YRS) 2.1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT CORN .PALM OIL INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ( 1906) 76 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1984) 7,344 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1976) MALARIA MEASLES-ROUGEOLE, INFLUENZA-GRIPPE C (.) DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .(.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) 94% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( (.) (.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 26% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, . % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : X GNP %.) . % PRIMARY....... (1982) TOTAL 125 MALE 137 FEMALE 113 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 18.0 KALE 36.3 FENALE 0.4 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 0.7 MALE 0.4 FEMALE 0.1 ($MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 393 (84) 403 (85) 403 EQUIVALENT TO 2.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 11.3% 160 AS OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.: ( :} :: 158 KENYA FY 1988 (Request) Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 26,543 19,012 Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 26,543 19,012 18,000 - 17,000 14,442 15,000 b/ 17,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 14,442 15,000 34,012 35,000 TOTALS 40,985 a/ P.L. 480 Title 1 Title II c 12,668 10,000 2,668 9,718 8,000 1,718 7,480 5,000 2,480 42,480 TOTALS 53,653 43,730 Footnotes: al Above total includes $4,050,779 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 and $65,593 deobligated from FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $4,116,372 in FY 1986. b/ Above total for ESF includes $505,000 in local cost support. c/ See Main Volume P.L. 780 table for country breakdown of World Food Program FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 25 25 25 22 Foreign National 22 22 TOTALS 47 47 47 •Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Category Ab 135 sa 68 57 11 U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regionale Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total А T Total 48 116 64 60 124 39 96 50 45 95 9 20 14 15 29 23 23 25 25 5 5 23 23 20 20 71 139 64 85 149 A 75 60 15 ܗ݇ܗ ܘܝ FY 1988 (Request) т Total 60 45 105 15 30 25 25 5 20 20 85 160 75 TOTALS 68 o]n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs lega, CLASP, AMDP). b Academic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 (888) 1 161 158 159 KENYA PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 26,543 19,012 FY (Request Introduction ssistance 26,543 19,012 28,000 Fund 14,442 15,000 b/ -rt Fund 17,600 14,442 15,000 35,600 The Government of Kenya's temperate stance on potentially explosive Third World 188ues, its role as peacemaker in the region, and its prestige in the Organization of African Unity are important manifestations of Kenya's influence in Africa. Kenya is one of a few of nearly 50 African states in which the private sector operates with limited interference from government. Taken together, its policies make Kenya an important model to demonstrate what can be accomplished in Africa with a pragmatic, free enterprise parket-oriented approach to nation-building. While Kenya's achievements are laudable, na for unresolved problems threaten to overwhelm the progress achieved thus far. The most serious of these 18 the 4% annual population growth rate (the world's highest) which erodes Kenya's positive GNP growth rate causing a steady decline in the well-being of the average Kenyan. A large number of unemployed and underemployed people, whose situation 18 complicated by increasing rural to urban aigration, continue to represent an intractable, growing social problem. Government's role in the economy is still too large and its bureaucracy inefficient. 34,012 S 40,985 al 5,000 12,668 10,000 2,668 9,718 8,000 1,718 43,730 ES 53,653 tal includes $4,050,779 of deobligated funds froe Fy 1985 ad deobligated from FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $*, 216,J 86. tal for ESF includes $505,000 in local cost support: Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakdown of World Food FY 1986 FY 1987 (Request) 25 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) 25 25 22 22 22 42 47 47 uivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, esces property, and IC perrossel ne workyear = 2,087 hours. In recent years, the Government of Kenya (GOK) nade some progress toward reform. The budget deficit has been reduced and government borrowing in domestic financial markets declined due to successful IMF programs. The first parastatal divestiture occurred in 1985 and two more parastatals were offered for sale in 1986. The government will no longer guarantee employment to all university graduates or diplona-holders. Family planning programs are now receiving increased priority within the political arena. In the agriculture sector, the GOK decisions to market donor fertilizer through the private sector and to offer imported U.s. wheat for immediate sale to private millers are important new developments which may signal a stronger commitment to reform. U.S. Interests in Kenya are served by helping to maintain stable political institutions and promote the country's ability to provide an acceptable standard of living for its people. Kenya's proximity to the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean oil routes, together with its excellent port and alsport facilities, makes the bilateral security relationship central to U.S. regional planning. U.S. businesses have invested about $350 million in Kenya and 120 u.s. firms maintain an in-country presence. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The primary U.S. development objective in Kenya 18 to promote economic gro leading to increased per capita productivity, employment, and hence to greater Income. The strategy to attain this objective focuses on Increased resources channeled through the private productive sector; a larger, more concentrated effort to reduce the rate of population FY 1988 ( Request T Too 60 A5 А 75 60 15 45 68 57 11 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total 48 124 64 116 60 96 39 50 95 45 20 14 15 29 25 23 25 23 5 5 20 231 20 23 71 139 64 85 15 23 5 20. 其​乃​5 Butit 2 cipants 61 75 85 149 68 162 the sum of participant new starta ryovers still in training from the Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programu Participants funded under regional programu lako CLASA AMDP). eking. 69-533 0 - 87 - 6 - 161 160 02 KENYA BAT 1 3 expansion; and a more sharply defined attack on the impediments to agriculture production. Policy dialogue successes, focusing on private sector orientation as an engine of growth, have been manifested in the Private Sector Family Planning (615-0223), Agriculture Management (615-0221), and National Agricultural Research (615-0229) projects. Additionally, the most recent agreement provides that P.L. 480 Title I wheat will also be sold to the private sector. These bilateral agreements are being cited by the Kenyan government to guide program assistance provided by other donors. A.I.D.'s strategy in Kenya for the remainder of the 1980s 18 to make lacreased use of private enterprise. The private enterprise segment of A.I.D. resources will include more commercial credit for small and medium-sized firms, business advisory services, venture capital, and training in management, finance, and marketing. Policy dialogue will continue to focus on improving the climate for the private sector, laproving the export and import regimes and reducing the participation by government in private enterprise. Over the past two years GOK leaders have made family planning a key public 18sue. Kenya seeks to lower the population growth rate to 2.5% by the year 2000. However, GOK budgetary commitment to this new priority remains an area for intense policy dialogue. A.I.D.'s $43 million Family Planning Services and Support project (615-0232) 18 the flagship for this effort and has become a central feature of the Gok's approved strategy for fertility reduction. Increased growth in total and per capita agricultural production 18 the other top priority for A.I.D. resources. In this area, the emphasis 18 shifting to the Kenyan entrepreneur for the supply of agricultural laputs and for domestic processing and export. A revitalized Kenyan agricultural research system, as well as management and technical training for public employees and private individuals, will also improve effectiveness. Economic Support Fund. A new multi-year ESF program (615-0240) supporting the GOK's structural adjustment effort began in FY 1986. It is based in part on the findings and recommendations of a policy refor evaluation conducted in early 1985. The ESP programs for FY 1987 and 1988 will also finance fertilizer imports and additional consultant services. Population. The Family Planning Services and Support project (615-0232) finances the provision of family planning supplies, training for hundreds of para-professionals and enhanced community-based and commercial sector delivery of services and supplies. The FY 1982 Family Planning II project (615-0193) made this large expansion in services possible by providing the research and organizational base necessary for this new phase of GOK commitment. An additional grant of $2 atillon in FY 1986 to the Private Sector Family Planning project (615-0223) reflects the eagerness of 20 nev companies to expand in-plant health services to encompass family planning. 163 161 KENYA disents to Lentation as a ctor Pantly und National the most recent be sold to the ed by the Reagan donors. Agriculture and Rural Development. The Rural Private Enterprise Project (615-0220) supports agro-industrial, export-oriented rural enterprises and contributes directly to establishing a market-oriented rural economy. The project is helping to build a foundation for the PY 1987 Private Enterprise Development Project (615-0238), which will provide assistance to private enterprise in the four broad areas of improved technology, investment, skills development and marketing. The purpose of the project is to improve the productive capacity of Kenya's private sector and maintain a policy environment conducive to private enterprise. The Agriculture Management Project (615-0221), begun in FY 1985, focuses on management constraints faced by private and public organizations that service smallholder agriculture. The FY 1986 National Agricultural Research Project (615-0229) addresses the problems of the moribund governmental agricultural research system. The project focuses on food production, enhanced management system, training and greater private sector and Kenyan university Involvement needed to revitalize Kenya's agricultural research system. 1s to make Ise segment of small and apital, and alogue vill sector, articipation by Lag a key public 2.5% by the fear Ity reasins an atly Planning this effort and - for fertility Education and Human Resources Development. Under the Institutional Development for Agricultural Training Project (615-0239), the ties established between Egerton College, Kenya's premier agricultural education 1nstitution and a U.S. Title XII land grant university (University of Illinois) will assure that its growth as a center for agricultural training excellence will continue. A.I.D.'8 PVO Co-Financing Project (615-0236) channels development funding and supporting services through an indigenous PVO umbrella organization. This $12 million project provides support to a consortium of U.S. and Kenyan PVOs in agriculture, health, education, family planning and in selected income-generating activities. An FY 1987 new start, Training for Development (615-0234), will further expand the 0.5. training of Kenyan professionals, stressing training for Kenya's emerging leaders. ction is the eaphasis is cultural laputs an agricultural 28 for public Iveness. 240) supporting is based 10 evaluation 988 vill also 8. P.L. 480. The FY 1986 P.L. 480 Title I program provided $10 million for wheat to help fill a gap averaging 160,000 MT per year, and for a small amount of rice. The FY 1987 Title I program, at $8 million, provides additional wheat as the basis for continued policy dialogue. FY 1985-87 Title I agreements ensure that private sector millers purchase and distribute a progressively larger share of the imported wheat. Other food aid donors are accepting this GOK policy of sharing the costs of balotaining national food security with the Kenyan private sector. The Title II program for FY 1987, of about $1.7 million, will support voluntary agency activities in naternal/child health and Institutional development. (615-0232) for hundreds cial sector Lag II project providing the of GOK the Private ess of 20 sev Hy planning. Housing units being constructed under the Housing Guaranty program (HG-005), Uno ja II, will be completed in PY 1987. Under the Small-Towns . 164 162 KENYA Program, urban development projects as well as low-incone housing will be constructed in nine secondary towns throughout Kenya. FY 1988 Program Eighteen million dollars 18 requested for the Developaeat Pund for Africa primarily for ongoing projects. During FY 1988, $17.0 zillion 10 Econonic Support Punds will continue 0.8. balance of payments and budgetary assistance to support of the GOK's econonic restructuring progran through the purchase of fertilizer, with a small amount for technical assistance for policy studies to facilitate policy reforms. The proposed FY 1988 P.L. 480 Title I program of $5 million will finance an estimated 45,000 MT of wheat, as well as further strengthen the privatization policy initiated in FY 1985. The local currency generated fron the wheat sales will floance self-help programs la agricultural statistics, research, education, production and storage, and activities that foster greater involvement of private enterprise in agriculture. A P.L. 480 Ntle II program of approximately $2.480 million in FY 1988 vill continue support to PVO prograas in maternal and child health and for community development activities. Self-help food-for-work programs will also be supported under the Ntle II program 10 PY 1988. During FY 1988, lmplementation will continue on two Housing Guaranty (HG) programs, HG-006 (Small Towns) and HG-007 (Private Sector Housing). Under the Small Towns program, urban development and housing projects will be completed in an additional five towns. Under the private sector program, approximately 1,000 additional housing units will be started by private developers through building societies. A second follow on $20 million AG to the HG-007 program, as Phase II of the Private Sector Housing program, 18 expected to be started during FY 1988. Mission Director - Steven W. Sinding 165 163 * ITA fute BUREAU FOR APRICA 615 KENYA L PY OF YO 1 INITIAL FINAL JOL!: OOLIS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP PLANNID AUTH) -THROUGN PYSS- OLIG- FXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OLIO EXP IN ATIONS OITURES -ESTITATIFY 97- OLI;- SPV ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSE PY8- GOLI; EXPEN- ATIONS DITURAS AGRICULTURE RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 553 --- --- 597 25,200 26.15 re 25, 200 25.200 --- --- --- --- 21,716 1.015 ?1.679 75 93 23,600 23.600 --- --- 1.'16 1.430 10.900 33 77 13.950 13903 203 --- --- --- 134 129 3,897 6.099 79 4,233 4,233 --- 3! --- 891 80 3 93 3.575 2,461 3.575 3.575 --- SO) 1,000 937 91 31 1.800 7. 300 7.303 2.22 1.390 2.657 --- 23 11.000 1,384 103 38 11, 100 11,100 OO. 6.00 --- --- !.90 --- 26.000 93 24.C 2.000 1.392 1,500 --- 2.000 1.000 3 55 3.000 3.000 --- --- --- $.712 --- 7.422 סככ,2 37 7.422 7.422 --- --- 1.726 1,823 13.000 5,553 ,243 36 L 16.724 14,725 1.153 ... 200 --- --- --- 500 ככ1,0 --- 100 1.153 --- SUNNARY O ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 33 02/96/97 615-0169 3 ASRICULTURAL SYSTEN SUPPORT PROJECT 615-0169 L AGRICULTURAL SYSTEN SUPPORT PROJECT 7,265 615-0172 : ARIO ANO SENI-ARID LAND DEV (KITUI) 615-018 DRYLANDS CROPPING SYSTEMS RESEARCM 615-3189 RURAL PLANNING II 2.292 615-01 90 ON-FARM ORAIN STORAGE 615-0220 3 RURAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 615-0220 เ RURAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 615-0221 AGRICULTJRAL MANAGEMENT 615-3229 3 NATIONAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH 615-0230 AGRICULTURE SECTOR LOAN 1.100 615-0234 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPUENT : 1.223 2339 . 13-0236 (ENTA PV CO-FINANCING 2.300 2.300 166 Melody Contoh You - Amoeba como data nr 31, 1 bed 164 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/04/17 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 65 .13 KENYA . PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OP FY OF | INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGN FY85- OLIGEXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- 03LI:- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSE 3 FY88- O9LIS- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES 2.000 6.000 3.300 91 6.000 600 750 2.000 85 2.000 2.000 529 --- 219 717 397 633 500 --- 615-0510 3 35 C PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-KENYA --- 16.569 3.769 6.603 16,236 --- 6,191 5.900 POPULATION PLANNING --- ... 71 --- --- 2.000 ODO 1,400 .15-0223 83 PRIVATE SECTOR FANILY PLANNIN: 6.500 t. 500 --- 7.400 6.000 ... 2.950 1.000 --- 35 11.00 11.00 --- . --- 500 --- --- 2.000 97 --- --- --- ... 1.917 --- 351 5 350 36 95 ܐܐ --- ... ... 1.919 1.17 --- --- ... 123 151 615-0510 6 35 C PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-KENYA 167 -No 615-0238 G 97 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPNENT 615-0239 6 86 INSTITUTE DEV. POR AGRI. TRAINING 127.391 6.600 69,703 15.120 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 22.477 14.309 145.954 143.555 59.691 12.235 40,042 6919 GRANTS 75,630 70.730 70,124 70.125 7,201 1.726 63.490 LOANS 29,661 1.122 : 82 82 1.207 2,400 615-0193 PANILY PLANNING II 2.400 2.400 1.591 2.000 4.500 615-0232 PANILY PLANNING SERVICES & SUPPORT 615-0234 3 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT 615-0236 KENYA PVO CO-FINANCING code N1, IFY 165 : : PROGRAN DEV. C 1.91 ANO SU ORT-KENYA --- 331 --- 390 כ12 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 86 .15 KENYA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FYOFY OF 1 INITIAL SINAL G OPLIG OLIS LO PLANNSD AUTMO -IMROUGH FYS- OLIG- &XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLI;- EXPEN ATIONS JITURES -STIMATE FY37- SLI SIPIN- ATIONS DITURES -POOPOSED FY88 OBLI; - EYEN ATIONS DITURES O. 2.039 3.850 2.713 ,672 1,293 6,523 --- --- LOANS HEALIN --- --- --- 2.550 --- 3 79 2.361 1 133 2.550 2.550 --- --- 310 33 23 --- --- 297 --- 310 310 33 500 --- --- --- 255 32 --- 165 500 500 -.. --- 35 2.479 250 נכ5 --- 1 1.550 1.394 6.123 4,123 --- ... --- 2.000 --- --- 500 87 --- --- --- --- --- 400 197 900 2.000 3 35 39 3.000 3. 65 7 33 100 20 155 21 2,99 --- 603 2.500 1,479 2.539 2,499 2,900 603 1.473 2.50 SUN 1407 3. ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS CIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 35 02/04/97 -- 3,950 4,923 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.900 2.713 2.039 9.472 1,293 26,219 22.21 13.990 GRANTS 24,219 22.219 615-0187 MEALTH PLANNING ANO INFORMATION 615-0216 FAMILY PLANNING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (PVO) 615-0219 3 33 KITUI PRIMARY HEALTH CARE II (PVO) 615-0232 3 FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 3 SUPPORT 615-0234 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPENT 615-0236 KENYA PVO CO-FINANCING 15-0510 3 95 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-KENYA TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.575 2.589 2.699 12,493 13,433 GRANTS 5,675 12,483 10.433 --- --- ... --- LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL FUND Refers to the planned project way sheet 168 166 SUNVARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/04787 BUZEAU FOR AFRICA CP 88 615 KENTA . L FY OF FY 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIS OLI: LOP PLANNED AUTMD PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -THROUGM FY35- OILIO- EPEN- ATIONS DITURES PROPOSEDY88- OBLIO- XEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86. OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUROS ESTINAT!! FY87- OBLIG- EYDEN- ATIONS DITUCES 1,200 --- 300 SOC 37 87 1.200 1.29 --- --- 500 100 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT ככ1,2 ככ1,2 300 500 GRANTS 1.200 --- . LOANS E OJCATION AND HUMAN RESOURC95 115 150 --- 250 250 --- --- --- 55 31 C 115 315 136 --- 252 31 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT SOO 322 -- 315 31 25) 194 115 --- LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 26? --- --- --- 772 3,760 91 4.300 900 6.900 --- --- --- 31 --- --- : 31 35 726 295 239 920 119 202 171 32 251 579 : 32 $23 --- ISO --- --- --- --- --- 1.945 169 cadenton why Wohn- Acollintora Decembed the hortodonte 91, PYPvtonome date 615-0241 G CORAT/COMMUNITY BAS! CHILD SURVIVAL 3 2597 615-0236 KENYA PVO CO-FINANCING 505 590 615-0310 j 95 PROGRAM JEV. AND SUPPORTERINYA GRANTS 500 533 615-025 6 20 RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPNENT 515-0212 SMALL TOINS MG-TA .15-0225 RIVATE SECTOR MOUSINS FINANCE 1.123 615-0226 MASENO 5O. ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT (OPG) 37 37 615-0236 . TRAINING POR DEVELOPMENT 'Watero dodo 167 ܫܝܺܚܪܙܘ 71 TRAINING DEVELOPE 1.99 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAG! 37 02/04/97 BUREAU FOR AFRICA .15 KENYA CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OF FY 0 INITIAL FINAL OBLIO BOLIG LOD PLANNID AUTMD -THROUOMFVXS- OLIG- EXPON- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYCO- OSLIO - EXP IN ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMAT! FY87- OSLIG ERPEN ATIONS DITURES -POOSE FY 98- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS I TURIS 220 57 24 223 190 100 S90 500 5.000 P1 9.003 1.00 6,000 C 1 1.1 174 150 90 257 243 1.293 --- 0.423 2.212 4,975 248 1.299 0.423 2.212 4.975 --- --- LOANS --- --- --- DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA --- 902 50 83 33 900 970 --- --- --- --- ... --- --- --- --- --- ... --- --- 5. 2.000 35 91 27,477 27.477 --- --- --- --- --- 3,991 1.350 97 672 700 --- 35 G 99 3,709 3.709 .. --- ... --- --- ... ... --- --- -.. ... --- 702 ?כי C 615-0236 3 95 KENYA PVO CO-FINANCINO 615-0238 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT ܐ ܕ ܐ 615-0510 3 55 PROGRAM DEY. AND SUPPORT-KENYA TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6.51 4,150 13,326 7.506 5.51 GRANTS 6.150 13.120 7.596 615-0220 7 RURAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 615-0229 36 87 NATIONAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH 4,00 2,195 9,079 •15-0232 3 FANILT PLANNING SERVICES S SUPPORT 615-0234 3 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT 15-02J. CENYA PV CO-FINANCING 1,35 15,333 1.000 615-0238 3 97 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 615-0510 3 95 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-KENYA "Motorola 170 underort out nel on soome - All the show what to do beton Documber 31, do te thorund diese Pewichwabon December 31, 100th Yunaloton to do and come 168 SUNRAY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 35 32/34727 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 39 615 KENYA LIP LFY OP SY 0 1 INIT: AL EINAL . 0?lis . - ESTIMATIO FY37- Lig- EXPON ATIONS Us PROJECT NO. AND TITL: -PROPOS:) FY! C3L:;- EXPEN- 1!IONS CITURES -4CTUAL FY6- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -THROUGM FY35- LIS. EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES OLANN: AUTA --- 18.00 8,947 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 13.00 --- --- --- --- LOANS E.ON NIC SUPPORT UND 55 --- --- --- --- --- 505 37 97 535 505 --- ... --- 15,711 24.36 6.177 70,000 29, 974 5,202 --- 1.350 14,455 --- 16,442 1 75.00 76,000 29,716 29,716 33,141 17.00) 7,727 15.000 --- DO OOO DOO LOANS 55.624 59,571 39.00? --- 5.!) 191 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 62.124 61.134 GRANTS 62.124 61.154 615-000 3 LOCAL COST SUPPORT-KENYA כככ,75 15-0213 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PRIORA URANT 73.000 לכב,13 17.00: 615-0260 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTENT PROGRA SRANT II 17.12 30.341 15.000 14,442 7.727 23.976 76.CO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 150,505 153.395 29,376 כככ,5? 14.442 GRANTS 153,595 158.505 11.'15 55,371 35.333 COUNTRY TCTAL 34,012 27.077 109.131 225,195 4095 TOTAL 412.311 37.232 34,012 76.470 17,275 157,795 39,261 GRANTS 343.197 30.127 72.124 0,123 7,231 1.724 29,661 53,00 LOANS 171 den 169 Lesotho 170 1 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (632) LESOTHO FOREIGN TRADE "BASIC DATA MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) WOOL . MOHAIR WHEAT 1.579 TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANOS. NID 1986) (DOLLARS, 1984) 530 1 PER CAPITA GND. EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 1 (1984) 3% (1984) 1 (1985) 3% (1965) ...... ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. (1965-84) 5.9% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)CORN .BUILDING MATLS CLOTHING ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 11.9% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( .) . % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 8 (1984) 2% (1984) 13 (1985) 3% (1985) 8 2% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 59.2 (1970) TOTAL 51.8 MALE 57.4 FEMALE 60.9 MALE 50.0 FEMALE 53.7 -305 -453(84) TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -388 ( 85 ) TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER , UNITED KINGDOM ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1966 ) TOTAL 68% 44% FEMALE 59% NALE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 24.9% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1983) 21 51.0% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE .) . (1983) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP 21% SOCIAL DATA 2.7% 2.3% (1978) .(1970) 2.4% (1986) POPULATION GROWTH RATE 63 POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) ( 1970) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 3% (1986) 15X MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 ( 1986) $ SUBSISTENCE: CORN ,LIVESTOCK , SORGHUN 57% (1985) CASH: CORN GREASE WOOL , GREASE MOHAIR 37% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 7.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) GREASE NOHAIR , GREASE WOOL ,CATTPOPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 42.7% ( 15-64YRS) 52.9% (68+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT CORN , RAW SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 07 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ...... .(1970) 87% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1977) 10.642 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S NILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1979) INTESTINAL INF . GONOCOCCAL INFEC, MEASLES-ROUGEOLE (1976) 46 (77) 81 (83) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1976) 61 (77) 84 (83) 175 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 102% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1976) -15 (17) -3 (83) - 18 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP. X .) . % PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 120 NALE 110 FEMALE (1982) SECONDARY TOTAL 16.2 MALE 11.0 FEMALE 10.4 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY (1978) TOTAL MALE 1.0 FEMALE (SNILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1983) 67 (84) 49 (85) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. ( 1004) EQUIVALENT TO .I HONTHS OF INPORTS (1985) 174 157 DESFASE (1979) :3 :: :: 171 LESOTHO Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (9000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 9,660 9,660 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 9,660 9,660 10,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) TOTALS 9,660 9,660 10,000 3,692 3,420 2,816 P.L. 480 Title 1 * Title 11 3,692 3,420 2,816 TOTALS 13,352 13,080 12,816 Footnotes: See Main Volume PL 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. од ско PRIMARY PA04 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 9 10 10 Foreign National 7 7 7 TOTALS 16 17. 17 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HTC, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. ܗܗܕܕܕܒܕܝ ܚܞܛܕܝܚ ܕ ܪܪܢܣ' 3 FY Ab 。 - - PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total А T Total U.S. Participants 74 4 78 40 4 44 42 6 48 Bilateral d 74 4 78 40 4 44 42 6 48 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS 74 4 78 40 4 44 42 6 48 a n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the dParticipantu funded under bilateral programe. bAcademic: degree reking Participants funded under regional programs (eg., CLASP, AMDP). AID 3702 840) 175 A* TOTAL EXPENDITURES ***** prior FY. 172 ASE LESOTHO Introduction One of the world's least developed countries, Lesotho is approximately the size of the State of Maryland and is landlocked within the Republic of South Africa (RSA). The country's mountainous land bass, all above 5,000 feet, holds few natural resources that can be exploited. Approximately 85% of Lesotho's 1.57 million people live in rural areas, yet less than 13% of the land is arable, of which some 75% 18 under cultivation. Lesotho's population engages primarily in subsistence agriculture, small-scale production of cash crops and livestock breeding. These efforts are hampered by severe land erosion, overgrazing, the lack of apropriate policy incentives to production, and a traditional land tenure system. Limited job opportunities outside the agriculture sector encourage approximately 40%-45% of the labor force to find work in the RSA. Over 120,000 Basotho men work in South African aines, but this number could decrease at any time in the next few years given the nature of the political crisis in South Africa. Remittances from mine workers provide over 54% of Lesotho's gross national product (GNP). Meanwhile, the population grows at 2.7% annually and the labor force by about 12,000 people per year. Lesotho 18 economically dependent on the RSA, which supplies all of its electricity, gasoline and coal, and much of its food supplies. Over 98% of Lesotho's imports come from or through the RSA and wages and prices reflect the state of the RSA economy. Participation in the South African Customs Union and in the Rand monetary area provides sone revenue, but these same ties limit Lesotho's fiscal and nonetary policy options. Other 11mitations on investment opportunities in Lesotho come from the easy availability of South African goods and competitive advantages offered to RSA domestic and "homelands“ firms. The decline in the value of the Rand/Maloti, inflation and price increases, declines in agricultural output and earlier failures of costly agricultural promotion efforts have produced a severe economic climate. It is expected that secondary effects of global sanctions on South Africa will further exacerbate the country's financial difficulties. To improve economic performance, Lesotho has strengthened measures to curtail government wage growth, improved management of development projects, controlled financial commitments and improved debt management and tax collection. Lesotho may also seek IMF assistance. New enployment opportunities for 2,000 to 3,000 Basotho are expected from the Highlands Water Project, now in the final approval stage at the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The project will enable Lesotho to sell water - one of its few natural resources - to South Africa and earn significant exchange revenues over the next several decades. It may also provide Lesotho with 108 own electricity supply. To become less dependent on the RSA, Lesotho 18 focusing its efforts on increasing incomes and employment opportunities, particularly in agriculture. Agriculture and 11vestock currently provide only 12% of GNP, and substantial imports of fresh vegetables and grains are required each year. Nevertheless, 176 173 LESOTHO ely the of South feet, 5% of agriculture and livestock are the only sectors where Lesotho en joys potential comparative advantages and where relatively quick Increases in output and eventual surpluses are possible. Ad justments and reforms are needed in existing government policies, marketing and price structure, and the need for divestiture of some government-controlled agribusiness companies 18 foreseen. The challenge continues to be one of transforming Lesotho from an economy based on migrant labor and subsistence agriculture into a more modern, self-reliant production and market-oriented economy providing a reasonable standard of living for its people. of the population of cash lasd oductios, cside the ce to find des, but be patate cers le, the 0 people 981 of reflect ston 8&te der 08 00 of South A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D. strategy for Lesotho 18 to increase income and employment opportunities for long term self-sustained development and 18 concentrated on two key sectors - agriculture and human resource development. A.I.D.'s goals are to assist Lesotho to transform subsistence agriculture into a commercial market-oriented sector, to provide opportunities to establish light industries based on agriculture, and to help the Govemment of Lesotho (GOL) enhance the relevance of its education system to crucial development needs. Improvement in both sectora will contribute to a more self-sustainable economy, decrease dependence on South Africa, and provide greater social and economic viability. In FY 1985, the second half of A.I.D.'s two-sector development strategy was Initiated with the start of the Lesotho Agricultural Production and Institutional Support (LAPIS) project (632-0221). This multi-component project 18 designed to increase small farmer agriculture production by expanding production and marketing assistance, and strengthening agriculture research and in-country training capabilities. LAPIS builds on predecessor activities in farming systems research, agriculture planning and land conservation and range development. Principal components are as follows: more productive mixes of agricultural inputs which are acceptable to farmers and appropriate to their management abilities and available resources; research and experimental trials on production, marketing and utilization of livestock and its by-products; research on ways to improve district- and village-level marketing of grains, fruit and vegetables; study of weather variables and crop production; and strengthening the capacity of the government to plan and implement conservation measures, crop and land use planning, and range management practices. The Basic and Nonformal Education Systems (BANFES) Project (632-0222), which consolidates all A.I.D. education assistance efforts, 18 modifying national efforts to improve and expand skills in training and basic education. Iaprovements in primary education are being initiated through changed curricula, teacher training and Instructional materials. More than 100 Basotho professionals have been trained by A.I.D. since 1979. In 1987, 10 participants will return to Lesotho to fill key positions. A.I.D. 18 also providing management training to newly appointed officials at the ministerial level. Teases, ultural pected het vage acial Ayala 7 Basotho wal stage oject - to eral 00 culture. tantial theless, 177 174 LESOTHO 1 A.I.D. 18 examining the feasibility of privatizing portions of the Rural Water and Sanitation project (632-0088), which has exceeded its goal of bringing clean water systems to the rural areas. Over 330 village water systems bave been completed, providing laproved water supply to about 186,000 people. By 1988, 250,000 people will benefit. Pour rural centers for maintenance and repair of vell-drilling rigs and vehicles have been built, staffed and put into operation. Eight hundred demonstration latrines have been built in six areas of the country. In child survival, the regional Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases project (698-0421) bas lncreased Immunization coverage for children aged 1-5 to over 65% nationwide. It is expanding the use of oral rehydration therapy and provides support la data collection and analysis, training and planning. In FY 1987 project assistance includes programs in neasles eradication and health communications. The training and employment of 58 nurse clinicians under a predecessor health project have successfully demonstrated a concept of paramedical training which relleves physician workload and improves rurai health care. P.L. 480 Ntle II resources are contributing through both Catholic Relief Services (CRS) and the World Food Program (WFP) food-for-work programs to the construction and maintenance of rural access roads, so11 and conservation works, and Income-related infrastructure projects such as fish ponds. Food and also provides nutritional supplements and nutrition education la maternal and child health (MCH) clidics. Peeding programs in schools, hospitals and rural work programs are also being supported by WFP with P.L. 480 Title II assistance. CRS and WFP will continue over the next few years to target feeding programs on more seriously deficient and remote mountain regions. FY 1988 Program Funding of $10 million 18 requested for ongoing programs: $5.9 million to continue the LAPIS activity (632-0221) and $4.1 niillon to continue the BANFES project (632-0222). Approximately 12,852 metric tons, or $2.8 million, of P.L. 480 Ntle II resources are required to support MCH and food-for-work activities through CRS in FY 1988. Mission Director: Jesse L. Snyder ។ 178 175 ork Jo e BANTES SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOS 20 ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/06/97 OUREAU FOR AFRICA 632 LE SOTMO L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLI: 33L !6 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LOD PLANNED AUTO -TMROUGN FYS- OSLIG- EXDEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OULIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATIO FV 37- Jolis- EXPON ATTONS ITUS -ROPOS Y 98- OBLIS TEN- ATIONS OXTURES ASRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AVD NUTRITION 166 --- 1.93 -- 8.146 10.199 20 992 115 957 2 972 --- 075 3.532 7,665 12.000 30 12.000 12.000 ... 620 253 586 349 5307 3,223 3 39 27 6. 200 5.200 --- 2.373 6.620 1. 196 6,259 5, 125 ; 35 1.363 91 13.742 13.742 --- 3,293 0.226 4,761 5,455 6,761 8.925 5.463 4.522 --- OOO ODO LOANS 60? --- 1,775 --- 1.512 .-- $.248 12.142 35 12.142 12.142 999 1.773 1.512 1.512 5° 0.242 OD --- --- --- LOANS EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 179 78 85 632-0065 3 PARNING SYSTENS RESEARCN 10.199 11,196 632-0216 30 CREDIT UNION DEVELOPMENT (PV) 632-0215 3 LAND CONSERVATION AND RANGS DEVELOPMENT 632-0216 AGRICULTURE PLANNING 632-0221 AGRI. PRODUCTIONS INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 4.522 53,151 19,599 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 43.133 41,128 3.293 19,669 30.151 GRANTS 40.133 61,128 KEALIN 632-0088 3 RURAL WATER ANO SANITATION 12.142 3,249 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12.1.2 12.142 1,773 12.142 GRANTS 12.142 12.142 'noforte de outon Non- Abo Pedro, FYN 176 PAG 40 327047e7 SUMMARY OF 4CTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) CP 3 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 632 LE SOT 10 -PROPOSED EY?8- OBLIS- EXPEN- ITIONS DITUROS -:ܐܬ ܪܕ ESTIMATED FY87- EYON- ATICS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- O9LT: EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -THROUGM FYSS- 39L: 3- SADEN- ATIONS DITURES L FY OF SY OF | INITIAL FINAL G 09LT: JLIS LOP PLAN: AUTH PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 39 244 3,331 3.098 77 3,331 3331 --- --- 473 632-0061 3 INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS RESOURCE CENTER 632-0009 3 WANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING 3.203 7,197 73 8,203 9,77 --- --- 1.221 553 4,621 2.350 35 632-0080 6 77 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LESOTHO 4,621 5.971 2.29 --- 4.60 4,230 377 2,576 5.000 5.138 93 15,339 15.333 632-0222 BASIC AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS 2,200 3.343 5139 4,230 6.753 13,522 22,205 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 31.543 3.560 2.200 3,343 5.136 6,753 4,250 13,522 22.205 GRANTS 31,543 3,560 . --- --- LOANS DEVELOPNENT FUND FOR AFRICA 2.290 5.993 --- --- --- --- --- --- 3 35 15.353 15,359 21 632-0221 AGRI. PRODUCTIONS INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 6,109 2.100 --- . --- --- --- --- 3 99 1 3,412 10,412 632-0222 SASIC AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION SYSTES כככ,10 4,100 --- --- --- --- --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 25,770 25.773 ככככו 6.100 GRANTS 25.773 25.770 LOANS E SONORIC SUPPORT PUNO 180 - otevu. Colton YA 177 --- --- "-35 SURSARY 3. ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLAIS) PAGE 1 02/04787 SUREAU FOR AFRICA 632 LESOTHO LOD PY OF PY OF | INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OILIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -ESTITATED FY91- JOLI: EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOS! PRO- OSLI:- EXP EN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY85- OBLIG- 2XPEN ATIONS OITURES -THR JUSM PYSS- OULISEXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PLANNED AUTO --- 50 21 --- --- 59 21 1.686 --- 1,757 TOTAL FOZ ACCOUNT 21 60 --- 17,412 כככ.10 10.137 9.660 43.125 9660 65,265 --- --- --- DOO DO 23.70 LOAN COOLC SUPPORT 1.767 1.686 632-006 ANPOWER DEVELOPENT AND TRAINING 1.767 1.767 1.767 1.757 1.747 1.686 GRANTS 1.767 1,767 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL 10.000 10202 17,612 9,650 10.137 43.125 9660 66, 265 TOTAL 111.355 115.367 13, 202 GRANTS 111.355 115,357 LOIAS 'Return to the planned any sont 181 a lottantoti FY final abition calon - Al projects in this com a inicial obligation date totoro December 31, 1000 both the for project with a ton dotash Docent 31, 10th FY of fine london planned 178 Liberia 183 179 FY 30 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (669) LIBERIA •BASIC DATA • FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 2. 307 PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS. 1984) 470 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 0.5% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 6.7% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1970) 5.3% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 53.5 (1970) TOTAL 47.1 MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984) IRON ORE . RUBBER .DIAMONDS EXPORTS TO U.S. . (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1963) 98 (1964) 107 ( 1985) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1902) 21% (1983) 26% (1984) 25% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )MACHINERY . TRANSPORT EQUIP. PETROLEUN PRODU IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 121 (1964) 106 (1985) 80 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 40% (1983) 38% (1984) 35% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 94(83) 66(84) 132 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER , KOREA, REPUBLI EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 77.4% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1984) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 8.6% MALE 52.1 KALE 45.6 FENALE 56.1 FEMALE 48.6 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 25% MALE 42% FEMALE 9% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) -1.0% 32% • SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP. . (1983) POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ( (1983) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 337 3.1% (1986) 3.3% 3.0x (1978) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 26% (1986) 37% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) ( 1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE: RICE SOX (1985) CASH: COFFEE . RUBBER COCOA BEANS 45% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RUBBER POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.1% (15-64YRS) 52.7% (65+ YRS) 3.2% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) RICE WHEAT INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 126 DROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1974) 72% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE C .) (1982) 278 (83) 263 (84) 260 DEATH.. ( .) : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1962) 395 (83) 366 (84) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS., (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1962) -117 (83) - 103 (84) -61 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1974) 20% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1982) 12.7% (83) 7.3% (84) 7.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP (1980) 1.9% (81) 4.6% (82) 6.5% PRIMARY. (1980) TOTAL 80.2 MALE 100 FEMALE 60.6 SECONDARY (1980) TOTAL 22.9 MALE 32.9 FEMALE 12.8 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. . POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 2.0 MALE 2.0 FEMALE 1.1 (SNILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 20 (84) 3 (85) 2 EQUIVALENT TO 0.1 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) $.$X 184 99% 321 180 LIBERIA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 13,722 13,780 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 13,722 b/ 13,780 13,000 28,203 15,000 c/ 17,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 28,203 15,000 17,000 TOTALS 41,925 28,780 30,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 al 11,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 TOTALS 52,925 b/ 38,780 / 40,000 Footnotes: al See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. bl Above total includes $649,741 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 reobligated in FY 1986. c/ Above total for ESF includes $415,000 in local cost support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 20 20 20 Foreign National 24 TOTALS 46 44 44 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 26 24 FY АБ 四 ​15 م بيا مع | 1 W PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants 39 36 75 27 23 50 25 9 34 Bilateral d 22 28 50 14 29 12 8 20 Regionale 17 8 25 13 8 21 13 1 14 Third Country Participants 2 1 4 Bilateral d 4 4 Regionale 1 1 2 2 1 3 TOTALS 40 40 80 29 23 52 26 12 38 0]n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryoveri still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe. bAcademic: degree seeking. e Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2 (886) 185 12 prior FY. 181 LIBERIA Introduction 13,00 The United States and Liberia have unique cultural and historical ties dating back to the country's founding during the early 1860s by former slaves and freedmen from the United States. Equally important are special u.s. Interests, which include strategic rights at the airfield and port, the most laportant concentration of u.s. Government communications facilities in Africa, and one of sub-Saharan Africa's largest blocks of u.s. private lavestment. U.S. objectives are to foster economic, financial, and political stability during a period of considerable national stress. 40,000 d Food 985 Liberia continues to experience severe economic problems which have plagued the country for almost a decade. The Liberian economy 18 heavily dependent on & snall range of primary exports, chiefly iron ore and rubber. The almost 25% decline la export earnings over the last five years has had a marked impact on the econoay. Unproductive government lavestments in facilities for the 1979 Organization of African Unity Conference, the establishment of inefficient public corporations which drain governsent finances, large and uncontrolled lacreases in public expenditures and related borrowing since 1980 and rapidly expanding debt servicing requirements are among the major factors contributing to the economic crisis. The country is also plagued by crippling foreign exchange shortages, liquidity problems and related 1ssues that have their or1g10s to the unsustainable expenditures of the Government and associated public sector management and policy deficiencies. The Government recently announced a series of measures to deal with the econoaic crisis. Nevertheless, such measures as a 25% reduction 10 government vages, additional reductions in governaent employment, llaiting the amount of cash that can be repatriated and a 25% hard currency export earnings surrender requirement have done little to arrest the economic decline and to restore confidence. Unless government confidence 18 restored expeditiously through appropriate policy reforms and comprehensive læplementation of those reforms, the economy will continue to deteriorate, placing increasing strains on the social and political fabric of the nation. Liberia's estimated 1986 per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $425 masks severe lacone distribution disparities. Approximately 75% of the population lives on an equivalent of less than $225 a year. Rapidly escalating prices for many consuner itens are straining existing Incones severely. Unemploynent, concentrated in Monrovia, exceeds 50% of the labor force; 75% of the adult population is bulterate; fewer than 20% of the population have access to clean water supplies, and fever yet have access to basic health services. While Liberia's population is small in comparison to other African countries, it has one of the highest population growth rates (3.3%) on the continent. Its institutional and human resource base is extremely 11alted. About 72% of the population 18 Involved in traditional agriculture. Between 1980 and 1985, per capita GDP declined by as much as 352, and overall Dod-agricultural private sector employment declined by about 15%. Regist 24 44 a Y 1998 Request T 9 14 8 1 3 3 12 186 182 LIBERIA A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.1.D. strategy continues to focus on Liberia's immediate economic crisis. In coordination with other donors, A.I.D. 1s encouraging the Government of Liberia to establish effective expenditure control mechanisas and to adopt the policy changes and structural ad fustments that will lead to economic stabilization and an improved balance of payments situation. In this connection, A.I.D. 18 encouraging the implementation of policies to (1) improve fiscal management and revenue generation, (2) reduce public sector expenditures, (3) encourage structural refon and privatization and (4) enhance the Government's planning capabilities. At the same time, A.1.D. 18 continuing priority development projects, some of which were recently adjusted to reflect the severe impact the current economic crisis is having on their implementation but, nonetheless, are deemed essential for maintaining productive infrastructure and vital social services. Significantly more emphasis 18 being placed on private voluntary and non-government organizations in channeling 1.S. development assistance. At the close of FY 1986, approximately 40% of A.I.D.'s Development Assistance budget was directed toward private voluntary and non-government recipients. A survey of private voluntary organizations active la Liberia, commissioned by A.I.D. and completed in early FY 1987, 18 expected to lay the groundwork for even greater non-government participation in the A.I.D. program during coming years and will be valuable in the design of a new Private Voluntary Organization and Non-Government Organization (PVO and NGO) Support project (669-0211) scheduled for initial funding la FY 1987. Program grant resources are providing critical balance of payments support to help the Government of Liberia achieve some stability in the economy. A.I.D.-financed technicians assist in revenue generation efforts and in improving budget management and control practices. The P.L. 480 Title I program provides rice imports and contributes to the short-term recovery effort by making much needed counterpart resources available for the Government of Liberia's development budget. A.I.D. continues to emphasize the agriculture sector through activities that encourage appropriate agricultural policies and programs, development of sound Institutions and increased agricultural productivity. These involve projects lo agriculture research, rural communications, road maintenance, agriculture planning and agriculture training. The Rural Development Training II (669-0185) and the Agricultural Research and Extension II (669-0188) projects are currently being evaluated to determine how they can be restructured to make them more responsive to Liberia's economic crisis. The Rural Information Systems project (669-0134) has established a community-oriented radio network to broadcast important development-related information in major tribal dialects to the rural inhabitants of Liberia. A.I.D. 18 also encouraging improved basic health care through its Primary Health Care project (669-0165), which was amended following an evaluation in PY 1986 to incorporate a $3 million private sector component. This project continues to develop primary health care services by improving Liberia's 187 183 LIBERIA e econotic aging the trol Dechants hat vill Ituatia. bs les to (1) public sector 00 and (0) tiae, A.L.5 recently sving on the ataistas antly mare int orgalutis I 1985, s directed vey of pole .D. and for even great 22 years old nization and -021) schedule public and private Institutional capability to provide low-cost, preventive and curative health services throughout the country, particularly in two of Liberia's Bost underdeveloped and isolated countles. In support of Liberian efforts to establish a more cost-efficient and effective primary education system, A.I.D. 18 financing the Improved Efficiency of Learning II project (669-0166), which expands the use of self-paced learning materials developed over the first five-year phase of the project. A series of evaluations of the Phase I project concluded that the new instructional methodology was a more cost-efficient alternative to traditional ways of delivering primary education to rural areas. The Phase II project is being evaluated to determine how to better utilize its resources in support of Liberia's primary education system within the context of the current economic crisis. The Manpower Development and Skills Training project (669-0206) 18 addressing critical manpower needs. The Small and Medium Enterprise Development project (669-0201) 1s strengthening the Small Enterprise Plaancing Organization's capability to advise and assist indigenous entrepreneurs in establishing or expanding businesses through credit and technical assistance. FY 1988 Program ats support odony 8 and to Title I recovery : the Por FY 1988, A.1.D. requests an overall program level of $40 million consisting of $17 million in Economic Support Funds, $13 billion in Development Fund for Africa (DFA) assistance, and $10 million in PL 480 Title I resources. The Economic Support Fund and P.L. 480 Title I assistance, along with selected (DFA) Development Fund assistance resources, will play a vital role in supporting (GOL) economic stabilization efforts by providing balance of payments support, essential food laports and local currency resources for the Government's development budget. Technical assistance will be provided in support of (1) economic and financial management reforms, (2) more appropriate and productive revenue generation policies, (3) privatization initiatives and public corporation management improvements and (4) the adoption and laplementation of more appropriate policies. Incremental DFA assistance will be given to a number of ongoing projects. Initial funding will be provided for projects in Agriculture Infrastructure Rehabilitation (669-0212) and Economic Stabilization Support (669-0213). Program Development and Support (669-0510) funds will be used for project analyses, design and evaluation activities. Ivities that pment of com olve projects agricultere 8 II B8) projects ctured to Informie dio sebral -ibal Mission Director: Mary C. Kilgour Primary utio project ria's 188 184 42 321047 97 SUMARYJE ACTIV AV PEP059) PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLL4-5) CP 89 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 1.000 1,200 1.93: 1.07 50 5,00 9,500 23 952 5.37 1,711 0,700 --- --- L :: cry: 6.732 --- .-- 173 6,497 4,239 3C 6.97 6,97 --- --- --- --- 2.503 417 3,255 --- .. --- --- --- 199 5.979 5,583 77 S." 5,330 --- --- ככו --- --- 6,243 3,514 6.253 32 --- 1.3 1,300 997 527 75 1.100 1,200 --- 1.500 1.C!2 1.099 153 4,37 1.276 533 2.309 1.095 2,767 --- --- 6.100 300 --- ... 500 נכל 20 --- 300 --- 3 !02 232 250 100 257 201 26 3 35 289 -PROPOS! Eye- 66? LIOCRIA -: ): -:از2 Le CF SY O -TUM FY39- OLI;- EXPON- 2TIONS JITUR:S -ACTUAL FYS- Lii- EXP:N ATIONS ITURES -OSTI AT:0 FY??- OLI; STIONS P: TU5 เง” PLANN!) AJ142 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE AT:CNS 5! TURIS اد : ا ::: OSL:: 03L1: . AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEY. ANO NUTRIT:31 3.551 657-313 RURAL INFORMATION SYSTEM 5,313 1,200 667-0134 RURAL I*FORMATION SYST 657-0135 3 AGRICULTURAL 235:4RCH AND ATENSION 657-3137 AGRICULT JRAL ANALYSIS AND PLANNING 3.25 3,253 691-0153 RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRAININ: (PVO) 697-0133 3 VI84 CO RURAL TOCMAILOGY (PV) ܕܕܐܙ 067-01 35 RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRONIY6 II (PV) 267 3.257 1.630 1.430 609-0183 . AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH A3 SATENSION II 7.246 7.24 85 67 : 657-0230 PURAL FOA NAINTENANCE 66?-3211 PVO AND NO SUPPORT 667-0510 ROGRAM EV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA neturer when some wo De 185 כני LI 3 Oo SUNMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/54/87 BUREAU FOR APRICA LIBERIA C36 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LEY OF PY OF INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG SLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH PYSS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- I SLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYB8- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 5.558 352 POPULATIOT PLANNING --- 200 100 --- 300 --- 50 50 SO --- SO DO . 250 50 SO --- 100 so 300 100 so 250 SO SO 390 Co OS --- LOANS WEALTN --- 1.570 3.227 3.500 5,033 2.327 3.510 7.353 3 93 37 16,700 14,700 ... 200 100 --- 100 --- 200 G 87 --- --- 53 23 --- 30 30 : --- 3.923 --- DO COO LOANS 190 60-01 S. UP- 36,787 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 21.709 5.933 7,856 6.990 7.627 6.010 46.692 4.33 35,087 GRANTS 19.996 5.633 6.21 4.990 6,627 39,092 38.193 6 700 6.700 6.700 1.711 3.637 LOANS 1.009 83 33 669-0165 PRINARY HEALTH CARE 300 300 3 55 C 669-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 300 300 GRANTS 300 300 669-0165 PRINARY HEALTM CARE 667-0211 PYO AND NGO SUPPORT 669-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA 1.570 3.489 9,130 1.963 3.940 2.327 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 14.900 16,700 3.523 1.570 3, 480 3.640 5.130 2.327 7,863 GRANTS 16,900 14.700 --- - 'moothe per wurden Y de conco- Achiedlon dote alone Podprowadu Dr 31, the You 186 PAG! 02734787 SUSARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP98 BUREAU FOR AFRICA -PROPOS!: Y95- O?LI; EYDEN- ATIONS OITURES 750 --- 1.2.3 2.00C 2.020 2.350 93 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOU? CE 5 667-016 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF SARNING 11 3.559 5.5.0 754 --- 1.22 1.245 5!2 3,614 4,889 1.000 1.097 1.099 --- --- --- --- 293 203 --- 200 --- --- ? 38 --- --- 203 1.02 1,300 100 59 JO 232 222 163 ; 3.092 2.506 * 3,956 1.10? 7,111 3,577 GRANTS --- --- LOINS 757 --- 1.)3 --- 222 430 9.2°3 73 6 36 3,583 $.633 75 --- --- 1,273 78 81 1,34 € 1. 342 1.343 --- --- ... 259 750 517 2.51 251 1.250 25 2.757 2.15 20 293 1.02) --- --- --- 1.12. 6.? LIBERIA ESTIMATED FY37- J'LI; SIPAN 21:05 ITUS -THROUGH FY35- 03L13- SYDEN- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES L FY CY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLI: JOLIE LO PLANN:D PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 667-0134 2 37 :CONOMIC FINANCIAL MONTANO TANG 667-0200 37 91 MANPOWER DEV. AND SKILLS TRNO. 659-0211 OVO ANO NO SUPPORT 667-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.03 12.639 2.596 3.394 1,13? 13.!! 7.111 3.577 5.ECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!5 6,136 657-0132 INCREAS:) REVENUS FOR DEVELOPMENT 657-0146 LOW INCOTE MOUSING PHASE I 667-0201 3 5 SNALL MEDIUN :NTEPR:59 J&V. (PVO) • 37 ) 667-0211 DVO AND V:O SUPPORT Nation the poor 192 Clo Acte ne durere Do 31. hori 187 SUMAY ACTIVE AND PROPOSZD PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/04/07 SUZ LAU FOR APRICA CP 18 300 393 167 75 125 500 2.014 2.525 951 8.645 1.375 1.60 12.272 2.925 8,645 951 1.370 1,409 --- --- --- LOANS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA --- --- 1.000 500 93 33 1.003 --- --- --- ... --- --- --- --- .. --- 2.000 1.000 3 95 O 7.000 ככ.9 609 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 89 2.133 2.133 --- 1.580 --- --- --- --- --- --- 12.744 12.744 . 200 200 91 300 --- --- 2.500 1,380 --- ... --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ... 3,280 97 3 --- 2.220 500 92 12.000 2.453 1,300 --- ?? 13.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 350 230 66? LIBERIA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OR SY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 09LIG OILI: เOP PLANNID AUTO -TMROUGM PY95- OOLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL PY- GILIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURIS -ESTAT! FY87- OLI SKPIN ATIONS JITURES -PROPOSEY88- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS OITURES 3 35 C 662-0510 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 13,313 12.046 2,014 12.272 GRANTS 13.913 12.946 60-0134 RURAL INFORMATION SYSTEN 657-0166 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF LEARNING II 669-0135 G 35 RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING !! (PVO) 96 92 667-0138 3 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION II 667-0206 97 MANPOWER DEV. AND SKILLS TRNS. 667-0211 PVO AND GO SUPPORT 669-0212 3 AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE REMABILITATIO 667-0213 33 ECONONIC STABILIZATION SUPPORT 3 35 c 607-0510 PROGRAM JEV. AND SUPPORT-LIBERIA 192 donc 1,10 9,10 Med 188 SUMMARY J ACTIVE ANO PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAPS) 92/94/97 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . :0 LFY OF EY 0 | INITIAL FINAL OBLI; OLIO -THROUGH FYES- LOD PLANNED AUTO -ACTUAL FY35- 9 Ajo: -9:760 -!:760 STIONS OOTUS -Nax? ATIONS DITUR: 5 -957: ATI) FY??- こう​し​たら​、 SYDSN- ATIONS UITURES tܪܐܬ -SAS CISO Ced- ACY TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT ATIONS OITURES 53,757 23,977 --- CCC il 4,310 --- --- --- --- COC it 6,310 --- 37 97 : :13 415 --- --- --- 415 415 --- . . LO. INCOME MOUSING PLASS II ܕܐ C% 3.000 5.000 CCCS --- --- ... 1.133 ... 121 35 23.203 23,203 --- --- 29,293 15.000 13.20 sisany 14,595 14,35 --- --- 33 93 17.03 --- --- --- 17,002 1',?? 17,00 300.5 17,191 3L2EAU FOR AFRICA LIBERIA GRANTS 52.57 23.07 LOANS ECONJOIC SUPPORI SUND 67-000A LOCAL COST SUPPORT-LIRIA 567-0107 $070-600 3 PROGRAM SRANT VI: 1 607-0207 20;RAM SRANT IX i 37 37 667-0210 PROGRAM RANT X TOTAL 02 ACCOUNT 63.223 31.013 5.230 3,74 23.203 CEL.ch 15,372 25.124 GRANTS 35,233 35,513 5.000 3.49 23,293 19,152 LOANS 15.3? 25.24 17.00 11,00 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 235,7) 142.77 39,250 41.725 31.31 25,7% 4,652 CCC CS RANTS 60C.det 52.433 37,53 41.925 29,294 LOANS 13.273 5.7:) 25,7 42.652 13.00 נג5,7 37.00 סני, כ 1.711 3.637 1.000 352 . note to the Coffee For colon-AB 193 emo.O . 1 189 *** . NEW DRAMA LIBERIA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET nde Funding AG, RON PROPOSED OBLIGATION Agriculture Infrastructure Source tiethoofd Rehabilitation DPA FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 2,220 Number 669-0212 Population 12,000 ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1991 Purpose: To rehabilitate critical sections of the rural road FY 1993 network to maintain the marketing capacity of Liberia's most rapidly deteriorating macroeconomic environment. This project wiil contribute by increasing access to the country's laportant agriculturally productive areas. The project will also develop the capacity of Liberian private sector contractors to undertake agricultural areas and production centers, privatizing costly and Inefficient government road maintenance and procedures, and road maintenance work. preserving a substantial portion of the road network. Project Description: Liberia's continuing economic crisis has Beneficiaries: Depending on the sites selected, between 400,000 led to greatly reduced road saintenance budgets and a precipitous and 500,000 people located along project roads may benefit from decline in the ability of the existing road network to service this activity. The Government of Liberia (GOL) will benefit by key agricultural areas and to ensure access to principal markets maintaining the country's agricultural base and by encouraging and sources for vital agricultural inputs. This has had a the private sector contracting industry. negative impact on Liberia's agriculture base. Host Country and Other Donors: The World Bank is promoting road In recognition of the road maintenance problea and the need to maintenance through its Fifth Highway Project, which is scheduled Increase the level of government resources available for road to end in 1987. The GOL will begin funding road regraveling and maintenance purposes, A.I.D. authorized a Road Maintenance maintenance contracts under the project, and will be responsible project in FY 1985 which, among other things, is encouraging the for adopting national policies and procedures relying on the government to reduce its permanent road malatenance workforce in private sector for all rehabilitation and routine maintenance favor of private contractors. This has had a positive impact, activities. The project will be designed in close coordination both on the quality of road maintenance and rehabilitation and on with the various World Bank and German-funded area development reducing the recurrent cost laplications of road maintenance. projects operating in the proposed project areas. This project will address the access constraints limiting the Major Outputs: Approximately 300 miles of laterite national agriculture sector's production and income-generating highway and secondary roads will be rehabilitated and upgraded, capabilities by rehabilitating critical road links between and the Ministry of Public Works will have completely privatized Liberia's most productive agricultural areas and their respective such activities nationwide. markets. Technical assistance provided by a private voluntary organization will complete the process of redirecting government A.I.D.-Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project road maintenance activities from work carried out by ineffective 3000) and expensive force account procedures to that undertaken by seasonal private contractors. Maintenance Contracts 9,000 Technical Assistance 2,000 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: One of the Other Costs, Inflation, contingency 1,000 objectives of the A.I.D. country strategy is to preserve essential infrastructure and basic government services in a Total 12,000 US FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligation Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yee 1988 2,220 9.780 12.000 194 AID 370-7 (11-85) 190 Life of Project Funding DFA 10,000 Number 669-0213 Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project X GRANT O LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1993 Purpose: To assist the Government of Liberia (GOL) economic taxpayer compliance and expected improvements in the overall stabilization program through (1) economic and financial reforas; investment climate. On a broader level, efforts will be (2) privatization and public corporation divestiture; (3) undertaken to assist the government with policy reform analysis, adoption and implementation of more appropriate policies; and (4) implementation and divestiture possibilities. more responsive and productive revenue generation mechanisms. Relationship of Project to A.1.D Country Strategy: The A.I.D. Protect Description: Liberia continues to experience severe country strategy is to assist the GOL with the laplementation of economic problems which have plagued the country for almost a its economic stabilization program through technical, policy, and decade. In recent years these problems have been exacerbated by structural adjustment efforts. This project will focus on unfavorable export market conditions, severe structural and fiscal enhancing government expenditure controls and increasing revenues problems and managerial and policy weaknesses. While unfavorable as well as related structural and policy reforms. market conditions for Liberta's exports are essentially beyond government influence, structural, fiscal, sanagerial and policy Beneficiaries: The GOL will be the immediate direct beneficiary. weaknesses can be addressed through conscious and we11 Indirect beneficiaries will be the people and businesses which coordinated reform efforts. will benefit from improved government financial practices and taxation policies. During the early 1980s, the GOL, in cooperation with A.I.D., undertook two projects to improve the financial management of Host Country and Other Donors: In addition to the United States, government resources and to expand the revenue base. Structural the IMF, World Bank, and African Development Bank have been sa for ad justseat and macro economic policy reform were financed by the contributors to Liberia's development program. The Federal World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) until debt Republic of Germany, the European Econobic Comunity, and the arrears and other problems brought these efforts to a United Nations have also made substantial contributions. standst 111. While the two prior A.I.D. projects vere successful in bringing on 11 ne the technical resources needed to improve the Ms for Outputs: Adoption by the GOL of policy and structural financial sanagement and revenue collection efforts of the SOL, reforms, financial management controls and revenue generating they were unable to offset the momentum of a deteriorating policies that will contribute to econoaic stabilization. economy and related structural and policy deficiencies. A.I.D.- Pinanced Inputs Life of Protect This project will build on earlier 4.1.D. efforts la conjunction $ 7,000 management problems confronting government operations. Eaphasis Equipment and Commodities 2,000 will be placed on improving the technical and managerial controls Training 2,000 of the expenditure process and on exploring alternate revenue generating policies based on overall lower tax rates, increased $20,000 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Title 60 NEW NOGRAM LIBERIA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source (in thousands of doiler Economic Stabilization Support FY 1988 2,450 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act. FY 1988 FY 1992 (3000) with policy laitiatives and privatization efforts based on prior World Bank and IMF work, to address a range of sacroeconomic Technical Assistance Total Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditure Unliquidstad Through September 30, 1966 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 To Be Determined Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 2,450 7550 10,000 195 AIO 370-7 011-05) 1 191 1 NEW 69-533 0 - 87 - 7 LIBERIA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Title Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Siouro la mode or door Program Grant X ESF FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 17.000 17,000 Numer 669-0210 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act. Initia Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1988 FY 1988 Purpose: To assist Government of Liberia (GOL) economic to economic stabilization and will be conditioned on progress la stabilization efforts by encouraging policy reforms and providing addressing economic problema critical to Liberia's future. resources to spur domestic economic activity. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D.'s Protect Description: Liberia has been experiencing serious long-term strategy is to promote economic growth and development economic difficulties since the late 1970s. The GDP declined by for all segments of the population, especially the poor, most of over 23% between 1979 and 1985, and recent est inates suggest that vhoa live in rural areas. So that past economic gains are not this decline has accelerated, primarily as a result of sacrificed and to expedite the eventual resumption of long-tera unfavorable market conditions for Liberia's exports, severe development and growth, Liberia's short-run economic crisis 18 structural and fiscal problems, and managerial and policy being addressed through an economic stabilization and recovery weaknesses, all of which are expected to continue over the program. This project is the key component of A.I.D. efforts to short-to-medium term. Over the past five years, large budget apsist the GOL in dealing with its fiscal and economic problems. deficits have limited the GOL's ability to maintain adequate and also demonstrates continuing u.s. support for Liberia during development budgets and to meet external debt service payments. a period of pressing economic decline. Debt servicing requirements for the 1986/1987 period are expected to reach $280 million, about 150% of government revenues. Host Country and Other Donors : In addition to the United States, Political and economic uncertainties have virtually ellainated the IMF, the World Bank, the Federal Republic of Germany, the private sector capital formation. To deal with some of these European Economic Community, the African Development Bank and the problems, the COL had entered into a series of stand by agreements United Nations Development Program (UNDP) have been the largest with the International Monetary Fund (IW) which focused on contributors to Liberia's development program. An effort is reducing budget deficits, instituting expenditure controls, being made to coordinate donor assistance and to elicit greater laproving public sector management and restricting domestic and donor interest in Liberia's economic stabilization and recovery. International credit expansion. These agreements had little lasting lapact on laproved financial managemeat. The most recent Beneficiaries: The immediate direct beneficiary of the grant agreement was suspended in late 1984 because of non-compliance will be the GOL and the general populace. and because of debt servicing arrears to the Pund. In 1985 the GOL'financial and economic management deteriorated sharply. Major Outputs: Adoption and laplementation by the GOL of a off-shore resources were often used to meet domestic salaries and series of policies leading to economic stabilization and recovery other obligations, thus decreasing the GOL's ability to meet through refona efforts. international obligations. The economy declined about 10%, debt service arrears mounted, and net capital outflows rose to about A.I.D.-Financed Inputs Life-of-Project 28% of monetary GDP. 73000) 17,000 This project will provide the GOL vith the foreign exchange resources needed for economic stabilization. It vill contribute U. S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 17.000 Grant to assist Liberia in econoaic stabilization and recovery efforts. Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Not Applicable Estimated Total Cost 17.000 196 AID 370-7 (11-85) 192 Madagascar 197 193 FV 90 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (687) MADAGASCAR •BASIC DATA. FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS. MID 1986) 10,402 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984)COFFEE . VANILLA . SUGAR PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 260 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-84) -1.6% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 14.4% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1960) EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 69 (1984) 49 (1985) 50 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 18% (1983) 25% (1984) 15% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )RAW MATERIALS . INTERMED GOODS , FOODSTUFFS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 26 (1984) 36 (1985) 36 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 6% (1983) 8% (1984) 12% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) - 137(83) -61(84) 13 5.2% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 50.4 ( 1970) TOTAL 43.4 MALE 48.9 FEMALE 52.0 MALE 42.3 FEMALE 44.4 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( .) TOTAL .% MALE FEDER .% FEMALE . TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , UNITED STATES , GERMANY EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 73.0% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1980) 117 11.9% -1.5% AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GOP. (1984) 42% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ( 1983) 26 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.2% (1978) 2.6% (1986) 3.1% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 14% (1986) 22% (1986) 7 MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE: RICE CASSAVA . CORN CASH: COFFEE .CLOVES .. ARABLE LANO 65% 35% YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 (1985) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS, USING CONTRACEPTION. MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE VANILLA .CLOVES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.6% (15-64YRS) 31.0% (65+ YRS) 3.4% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) RICE , WHEAT , VEGETABLE OILS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 105 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 90% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN ( 1981) 9,937 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INTESTINAL INFEC, MALARIA . INFLUENZA-GRIPPE (1980) 630 (81) 525 (82) 4 17 DEATH.. ( . ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1972) 224 (73) 276 (74) 280 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) 108% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1972) -27 (73) -33 (74) - 38 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 21% DEFENSE EXPENO I TURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( .) % (72) 3.5% (73) 4.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP. .) · % (72) 0.7% (73) 0.8% PRIMARY (1978) TOTAL 94.9 MALE 97.7 FEMALE 89.2 SECONDARY (1973) TOTAL 12.7 MALE 15.0 FEMALE 11.6 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY ( 1960) TOTAL 2.3 MALE 2.5 FEMALE 1.0 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) 20 (83) 29 (84) 59 EOUIVALENT TO 1.5 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 6. 1% 198 194 MADAGASCAR Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actuell (Estimated) 2,280 FY 1988 (Pequeo) Development Assistance Loon Grent : 2,280 4,000 2,844 1,000 o/ Development Pund Economic Support Fund Loon Grant Other 2,844 1,000 TOTALS 2,844 3,280 4,000 CE P.L 480 Tidal Tide II Food 9,649 8,000 1,649 (3,200) 12,493 9,397 8,000 1,397 15,900) 12,677 6,374 5,000 1,374 (3,800] 10,374 PE . Algsress lo ret al Above total for ESF Includes $25,000 in local cost support. 4 res ci RE PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT WIRE" Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Astu (Esrimated (Recuest) U.S. National 1 2 2 Foreign National 1 1 LOIALS Total full time equivalent workyear of employment Include HIC, excene pre and I personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours A ܝܐ 4. D 18 1. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category Actual) (Estimated) (Request) AV TC Total A T Total A I Tool U.S. Participants 8 10 18 8 4 12 8 4 12 Bilateral d 2 2 2 2 2 Regional 16 10 Third Country Participants 18 18 54 54 54 54 Bilaterald 16 16 50 50 50 50 Regional 2 2 TOTALS 8 28 36 8 58 66 8 58 66 a{n-training rofar to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non degoue weking during the FY & carry ouers still in training from the d'Participante funded under bilateral programa prior Ty. Academic: degree seeking Participante fundad under reglanel programu logo, CLAS DEL AND 3704 ) 1 NO ON 12 ta 199 MADAGASCAR Introduction Madagascar, the fourth largest island in the world and nearly the size of Texas, has unusual--but underutilized economic potential. of Madagascar's 10.4 million people (1984) 85% are engaged in agriculture and 70% of all farmers are active in rice production. Rice and beef are the most important foodstuffs. The 1sland's cool central highlands and tropical coastal regions, combined with varying soil conditions and rainfall, perait a rich diversity of crops. Coffee, cloves and vanilla are the leading exports. The fish and shellfish sector is promising. Moderately rich in mostly unexploited minerals, Madagascar is also endowed with a largely untapped network of rivers which provide posaibilities for Irrigation and hydroelectric power. Despite real potential Madagascar renains a very poor country with per capita GDP of $260 (1984). Economic development has been retarded in recent years in part by diminished demand for the island's exports and government policies and practices which led to widespread nationalization, regulatory intervention and neglect of agriculture. Unsually heavy borrowing in the late 1970s has left Madagascar with a debt service ratio, after rescheduling, of 50%. The Malagasy Government (GDRM) began to correct these policies in 1982 with assistance from the IMF, World Bank, France and other donors. Heavy debt, sluggish economic growth and diminished foreign exchange for essential imports have caused the serious deterioration of the national infrastructure, most notably roads and irrigation dikes. This has bade fara supply and marketing extremely difficult. Dwindling forest resources and s011 erosion require urgent attention. Population growth, officially 2.8%, is outstripping food production. 1 U.S.-Malagasy relations have improved considerably in recent years. The GDRM's efforts, in close cooperation with the IMF and World Bank, have provided a solid ground for U.S. support, Moreover, Madagascar's strategic location on Indian Ocean shipping lanes and its long-term potential as an African trading partner make the further strengthening of bilateral ties mutually advantageous. Consequently, after more than a decade of inactivity A.I.D reopened a development program with Madagascar in FY 1985. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The overall purpose of the new A.I.D. program in Madagascar 18 to help achieve higher per capita agricultural production and rice self-sufficiency in ways consistent with improving soil and forest resources. The chief objectives of the program have been to: a) ease Madagascar's severe foreign exchange shortage by providing for the importation of essential equipment and spare parts required for agricultural production and transport; b) provide techn cal ace to the GDRM or divestment of many parastatals and privatization of many operations; c) 11beralize rice production and distribution; and d) improve rice variety and yields. Under the Madagascar Agricultural Rehabilitation Support project (687-0101) 200 196 MADAGASCAR loitiated in April 1985 (MARS I) and aneaded in June 1986, Madagascar 18 Laporting $6 million of Caterpillar road repair and Ford fara equipment. This project also provides technical assistance to the GDRM to liberalize the econony and divest itself of many paraatatals and foster private enterprise activities. Concurrently, beginning in FY 1987, A.I.D. will be assisting Madagascar in its efforts to assess specific parastatal organizations in the agriculture sector for divestiture and encourage the national private sector to run key services for rural producers. To date A.I.D. has provided $2.2 allion to the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to help Introduce new rice varieties that may produce up to 40% higher yields. In addition, the A.I.D program has designated P.L. 480 Nitle I counterpart funds, totaling $40 million (FY 1981-85), for use primarily lo farm-level rehabilitation activities. 联 ​ME ET R Policy and lnstitutional reform are also essential to reklodle the atrong growth which Malagasy agriculture en joyed la the 1960s and early 1970s. In August 1986, Madagascar signed the first agreement under the food for Progress Progran. This will grant 72,000 netric tons of rice over a three-year period in partial support (with the World Bank and the World Food Program) of GDRM efforts to remove all controls from the production and marketing of rice. Through centrally-funded programs, A.I.D supports activities to increase Malagasy planning and competence in child spacing practices. Using counterpart funda, A.I.D will support, with UNICEF, Madagascar's Child Survival Oral Rehydration Program. Energy and natural resource practices which will laprove agriculture production and processing will also use P.L. 480 counterpart currencies. PY 1988 Program The three-year food for Progress program, which supports GDRM 11berallzation of the rice sub-sector, will conclude with a final grant of 21,000 MT of rice. P.L. 480 Title I valued at $5 million will provide added balance of payments support for the importation of essential food stuffs (e.g., vegetable oil) which are still in short supply and high demand la Madagascar. A new project, successor to MARS, will reloforce the double emphasis on balance of payments assistance combined with policy reform. Entitled Agriculture Liberalization and Production Support (ALPS, $3 million), the project will continue to provide imports needed to improve faru production and transport through the private sector, as well as to encourage entrepreneurs to improve essential services to farmers. At the same time, A.I.D. will allow IRRI'a applied rice research program to continue ($1 million per year) until y 1988, with phase-out scheduled in 1990. Tbat will conclude the sir-year period considered necessary to introduce, test, multiply and mass market carefully selected lmproved varieties from around the world. 201 197 MADAGASCAR erall U.S. counterpart funds, accruing from the P.L. 480 Title I program and from laports financed under the MARS and ALPS projecte, will continue to support the repair of infrastructure and to atem soil erosion linked with food (especially rice) production. Counterpart funds, through credit schemes, will also be used to encourage agro-industrial entrepreneurs to expand their operations. A180 U.S. counterpart currencies will continue the support scheduled to begin 10 FY 1987 for the Government's Child Survival Oral Rehydration Progran with UNICEF. Research Luce pt A.I.D. will continue to support certain well-defined and carefully chosen population activities, including the franing in 1987 and 1988 of Madagascar's first national population policy and its integration into the country's next five-year Development Plan. terpart rlere strong Director, Regional Economic Development Services Office, East and Southern Africa (REDSO/ESA): Arthur M. Fell (Resident in Nairobi) 70s. b or a orld Food and Tease ctices use ?.. ullustio Cof Lace of 00 d , the uction tise, $1 test, iroud 202 198 .16! 92/94/97 SUMAPY JF ACTIVE AND P?OPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) SU*** OUPE AU FOR AFRICA ADA SASCAR .87 -POS!? FY!3- วรเก: 97! STIONS !TURES -5TIT!) FY37- OLIS :X &TIONS 3:Tues -ACTUAL TO O 3L 16 EXIN ATIONS DITUROS -THROUGH FY35- OIL:;: !1EN- 4110'S OITURES L er CF FY O INITIAL PINAL 5 LI: LIG LO PLANN! AUT) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1.000 1.530 --- 396 2.295 OO. 1.09 2.2!) 1.905 095 2.003 6 1,009 2.212 1,303 --- --- --- SO DEVELOPMENT FUND FO AFRICA 1.03 נכ1,3 --- --- --- --- --- --- 95 93 ככל,! מכנ,1 --- ... --- --- --- --- 3,322 ככג,4 2.30* --- --- --- 4.000 . --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 4,333 2.31 ... 25 25 --- --- --- --- 37 87 LOCAL CUST SJPPORT-XA45C42 25 25 ככ9 774 079 1.52 i 34 כככ,3 5 97 6,319 5.370 203 AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 2.009 627-0101 ; 95 AGRICULTURAL REMABILITATION SUPPORT 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT *293 2.300 2.000 GRANTS *.230 2.000 LOANS 1.303 +37-9101 i 4RICULTURAL RE44BILITATION SUPPORT 637-0102 ARI. LIBERALIZATION • 200. SUPPORT GAINTS 6,303 LCANS CONOMIC SUPPORT IV) 037-0004 637-0101 3 AGRICULTURAL 2 SILITATION SUPPORT 'Ron the med calon -All the contenuto teren. 1000 199 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP OCLLARS) PAGE 22/04/97 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 33 687 MADAGASCAR FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OLI: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP PLANNED AUTMD TMROUSH FYSS- CILIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY96- OSLI EXPEN ATIONS SITURES -ESTIMAT 93 87- LI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PRODUS: FY OBLIO" EN- ATIONS DITU !5 900 799 209 1,052 799 1.000 2.846 3.902 2.599 003 1,290 1.943 2.366 46 2.599 3.900 4.03 3.230 1968 2844 46 --- --- --- 204 1.000 2.344 1.352 3.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6844 5.305 3.000 GRANTS 5.995 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL 5.000 TOTAL 15124 1.395 5.000 GRANTS 15.124 7.575 LOANS we concefore 21,1 ohore 11. field M redu 200 ED PROORWAY SWEET Funding AG, RD IN MOTORED GLUCATION Agriculture Liberalization Sourde file and Production Support (ALPS) DFA 1988 3,000 Ulod Project Funding 3,000 687-0102 Population ED.HR InitOslordion modnosition Emon Completion Dowot Project ORANT A LON cos FY 1988 FY 1988 FY 1989 Purpose: This project will help to ensure the continued carefully coordinated with the World Bank program in Madagascar. nomen tun of Madagascar's liberalization progres in the agriculture sector, especially in rice production for home Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries will be a) private sector consumption, as new technologies are adopted and food operators serving the interests of farners; b) the farmers production and Incomes rise. themselves who will receive better inputs and services, as well as higher prices for their produce; and, c) the consumer Project Description: The ALPS project is designed as the next through greater food production. phase to the current agriculture rehabilitation project, which was evaluated in Septeaber 1986. ALPS vtll be an extension to Ma Jor Outputs: the present project and 18 designed to: a) include key 1. 60 key Individuals from public and private sectors (at officials at the local and regional levels in the regional and local levels) oriented towards Uberalization 11beralizution policy dialogue (including observation visits); policies; b) support Indigneous private operators in delivering critical 2. identification of key services which private sector can services to fara producers; c) peralt, through matching grants, perform for farmer but which are now reserved for state action; two or more PVO's to demonstrate the production effect of 3. various PVO activities utilizing rice varieties and other improved rice varieties Introduced by IRRI; and d) continue laproved technologies; commodity taports for rural agricultural production and repair, 4. laproved roads, fara production, and private sector with closer links to private sector services such as willing, services as a result of commodity imports; warehousing, etc. for fara producers. A. I.D.-Financed Inputs: Life of Project Relationship of project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This 1. two agriculture policy workshops (APAP) project 18 consistent both with A.1.D.'s major emphasis on food 2. a series of action oriented studies production for the Africa region, as stated in the CDSS, and to identify services vill ensure the success of the agriculture policy reform 3. various operational progran grants measures now undervay. with PvO's for agriculture development 4. commodity laports. Host Country and Other Donors: The U.S.A.I.D. program Total $3,000 accounted for about eight percent of total official development assistance to Madagascar and is an Integral part of the donor aid package agreed to at periodic consultative group meetings chaired by the IBRD and hosted by the Malagasy Minister of Finance. The U.S. effort to support liberalization of rice production and marketing has been, and will continue to be, Placional Contraton Apni To be selected 2.000 Madagascar U. FINANCING On how Obieten Throu Leptomber, 1986 Estimeed For You 1932 Estimuud Through September 30, 1982 Fun y hropould Yos 1988 2.000 AD 3707 11 ZOS 201 UTT LWF LUNA Malawi 207 202 COUNTRY: (612) MLAVI FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA 180 *BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 7.207 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1084 ) TOBACCO TEA . SUGAR PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS, us. FOB) (1983) 13 (1004) 20 (1985) 27 ANUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 1.7% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( 1980) 20% (1981) 30% (1962) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-8A) 0.4% MAJOR IMPORTSI 1984)FRO. 2000$ PETROLEUM PRODS.BLOQI CONST.MAT. NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1967) 10.4% IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 9 (1984) (1988) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1980) 8% (1981) (1986) 8% (1982) TOTAL 46.7 MALE 45.3 FEMALE 48.1 (1970) TOTAL 40.0 MALE 39. 1 FENALE 40.8 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S. )(1981) 30(82) 20(84) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 25% MALE FEMALE TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM , SOUTH AFRICA , UNITED STATES •AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF CUP (1964) 49.0% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANWAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (6 MILLIONS, U.S.).. (1984) 82 (1976-1985) 0.4% AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1904) 32.3 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF COP (1944) SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY ISO 1o Of AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 150 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.3% (1978) 3.0% (1906) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. .(1970) (1904) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 6 SUASISTENCÉ: CORN PULSES , SORGHUN (1906) 10% (1983) CASH: TOBACCO ,TEA , SUGARCANE (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 18-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) TOBACCO , TEA RAW SUGAR POPULATION (1906) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,DAIRY PRODS. ANIMAL PROOS (0-14YRS) 40.0% (18-SAVRS) 48.2% (88* YRS) 2.0% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( 1981) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1966) 130 PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES (1984) 52,481 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANT$ (8 MILLIONS, U.S.) C MEASLES-ROUGEOLE, INTESTINAL INFEC DISEASE (1981) MALARIA C.) DEATH.. :) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND MET LENDING (S WILLIONS. U.S.) ( PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A X OF REQUIREMENTS. ( 1983) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS, U.S.) ) ..) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1900) 41% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES {:} X (13) AS X OF ON.. 6.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : 2.0X PRIMARY. (1903) TOTAL 63.0 NALE 73.0 FEMALE 52.0 SECONDARY (1983) TOTAL 8.0 MALE FEMALE POST SECONDARY.. (1900) TOTAL OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. 0.3 MALE 0.4 FEMALE o.1 (SHILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) ENEROY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUWOPTION *.613 EQUIVALENT TO 1.1 NONTHS OF INPORTS (1004) 208 : : 203 MALAWI Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 24,000 10,779 FY 1988 (Request) 10,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 24,000 10,779 10,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other GORABLE access To SAF wave surve .DRO TOTALS 24,000 10,779 10,000 ....., il... P.L. 480 Title Tide II al TOTALS 24,000 10,779 10,000 Footnotes: a See Main Volume PL 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program ------- 8 : ASCO ******** PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY Category 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 8 8 8 Foreign National 4 4 4 TOTALS 12 12 12 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. XX Ab PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants 47 18 65 79 32 111 102 44 146 Bilateral d 30 16 46 59 27 86 76 37 113 Regionale 17 19 20 5 25 26 7 33 Third Country Participants 2 18 20 2 26 28 2 25 27 Bilateral d 2 1 3 2 11 13 2 5 7 Regionale 0 17 17 0 15 15 0 20 20 TOTALS 49 36 85 81 58 139 104 69 173 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers stúl in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. prior FY. b Academic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programa lengo, CLASE, AMDP). AID 3702 (848) 209 204 MALAWI Iatroduction 0 1 Malawi's development story 18 in sharp contrast with auch of the rest of the African continent's experience over the past two decades. Government saw its role as encouraging national development, not controlling it. Strategies were realistic and appropriate, reflecting the country's natural and financial resource base, and policies were pragmatic. Development planners and managers earned reputations for being effective, hard-working and honest. While most African econonies stagnated, Malawi en joyed steady economic growth, with the exception of the worldwide 1980–81 recession. While most countries were unable to feed themselves in the early 1980s, Malawi was producing sufficient maize for export. The fruits of national development have been broadly shared, iacluding the rural populace who comprise 84% of the population, as indicated by rising literacy, longer life expectancy and falling lafant and child mortality rates. IA Malawi's "success story," however, has not been without na jor obstacles, laterruptions and shortcomings. At independence in 1964, Malavi was undoubtedly one of the poorest countries in Africa -- - small, landlocked, without sa jor mineral resources, with little trained manpower, only rudimentary lndustrial development and a skeletal transportation system. The economic downturn in 1980, while caused largely by external factors, showed underlying weaknesses in the structure of the economy and shortcomings in its management. Despite the significant growth that has occurred in the last 20 years, with an average gross national product (GNP) per capita of $180 Malawi remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Several major problems lapede sustained economic and social development around which A.I.D. has built its assistance strategy. Pirat 18 the critical shortage of financial resources, both foreign and domestic. response, the Government of Malawi (GOM) has embarked on an extensive structural adjustment program. In agriculture, this program includes price Incentives for producers, removal of fertilizer subsidies, decontrol of consumer prices and promotion of exports. The GOM has also set firm limits on public sector expenditures, Improved revenue collection, undertaken tax reforms and begun divestiture of parastatal holdings. The single developaent, however, with the most devastating effect on the economy, has been the closure of rail lines through Mozambique which traditionally carried 90% of Malawi's imports and exports. The new routings are estimated to cost the economy as much as $100 million annually la additional, scarce foreign exchange. The second major development problem 18 low smallholder productivity 10 agriculture and limited off-farm employment opportunities. An estimated 85% of the rural population live below the absolute poverty Income level. The annual per capita agricultural production growth rate over 1 210 205 MALAWI the last decade has only been 0.4%, largely caused by the high population growth rate but also due to weak extension packages. A heavy proportion of the GOM budget 18 directed toward agricultural development to redress this situation. Research 18 focused on increasing productivity of traditional crops while producer prices are being realigned to encourage farmers to shift to higher value cash crops. Rural credit and business advisory services are being expanded to encourage development of small- and medium-scale rural enterprises. The third major development problem includes the high population growth rate (3.1%), low child survival rates and overall poor rural health standards. To address these problems the GOM has recently developed an expanded five-year primary health care program which emphasizes family planning and child survival activities. As a matter of policy, the GOM openly advocates child spacing and actively encourages private sector participation in health care delivery. The fourth problem impeding sustained growth 18 insufficiently qualified tanpower Greater technical know-how and stronger analytical and management capacities are required to plan and implement public programs and private businesses. The GOM will address these needs at every level of the education system and by in-service training of civil servants. The GOM also plans to establish a management institute to train both public and private sector people. The development problems facing Malawi are complex and require a major Infusion of aid. The policy environment, however, is very positive and the Government has shown itself to be a prudent and effective manager of domestic and foreign financial resources. Malawi has an open-market economy and welcomes private domestic and foreign Investment. Since independence, the country has remained politically stable. The GOM 18 staunchly anti-communist, consistently pro-West in foreign policy and generally supports the U.S. position when important 188ues come before international bodies. U.S. Interests are best served by encouraging the GOM to continue its political and economic orientation. Sustained U.S. financial assistance is required to reinforce Malawi's sound policies and programs. Malawi, as a stable, vibrant and growth-oriented nation, can serve as an important model within the region and the continent. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The goal of the A.I.D. investment program 18 to contribute to the loprovement of national economic growth and the enhancement of social and economic well-being. A.I.D.'s strategy 18 focused on resolving the four Bajor problems described above which impede sustained growth and social development. Investments in agriculture and private sector development are helping develop the necessary technologies and services to increase smallholder productivity and rural income and expand off-farm 211 206 MALAWI employment opportunities. Through the Agricultural Research Project (612-0202), Now coming to a close, the Institutional capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture was greatly strengthened: on-faru (adaptive) and on-station (applied) research teams were established nationwide to develop appropriate and affordable technologies for amall farmers; 39 Malavians received advanced degrees (M.Sc. and Ph.D.) from 0.s. universities; and 60 research station structures were constructed and equipped. Onder the new Malawi Agricultural Research and Extension project (612-0215), the focus will be on intensifying traditional food crop production and encouraging diversification into new, higher value cash crops such as pulaes, fruit trees and nut trees. Extensive technical assistance and training are being provided by Title XII universities to assist in this follow on agricultural institution- building effort. 2. if A.I.D. has been working to expand the role of the private sector lo Malawi's development. Programs being implemented under the Rural Enterprise and Agribusiness Development Institutions (READI) project (612-0214) by Africare and the Credit Unions National Association (CUNA) are helping strengthen the operations of two rural credit Institutions: loan appraisal and credit recuperation systems have been established; and fifteen rural businesses and innumerable small farmer loans have been funded to date. Indigenous business advisory services are being laproved under the Management Assistance to Rural Traders project (612-0219). A.I.D. is helping address the critical shortage of foreign and domestic financial resources through two transport projects and two policy reforı programs. The severe transport problem facing Malawi 18 the single most important drain on already scarce resources. The Commercial Transport project (612-0218) 18 providing equipment and operating credit and training to establish a private sector national haulage capacity, along with technical assistance to improve national transport planning and monitoring. Developmen of the Blantyre-Dar es Salaan route or "Northern Corridor" transport system, which is intended to provide a more reliable, le88 expensive route for Malawi's imports and exports, is getting underway. A.I.D. has contributed to this high-priority, multi-donor financed project (690-0237), which will have a region-wide benefit, through our Southern Africa Regional Program. These transport investments are locreasingly critical given the political and economic uncertainties in the region. Under an Economic Policy Reform Program (612-0225) initiated in 1985, excellent progress is being made in removing the fertilizer subsidy and shifting to more cost-efficient, concentrated fertilizers. Performance targets were exceeded in the first two years, resulting in savings of government revenue that previously covered the subsidy and in conservation of scarce foreign exchange. The Paras tatal Divestiture Program (612-0227) 18 encouraging the transfer of investments in agro-industry, manufacturing, transportation, finance and farming estates from the public to the private sector. This will ensure a more efficient 212 1 2 207 MALAWI utilization of resources, stleulate the development of a local capital market and inject critically needed foreign exchange into the economy. Progress is being made through several A.I.D.-funded projects to address the child survival, health and population problems. The Health Institutions Developaent Project (612-0211), being lmplemented by a Howard University tean, 18 strengthening maternal child health/family planning services through curriculum development, training of trainers, and training of over 900 Malawian health personnel. The regionally-funded Combatting Childhood communicable Diseases project (698-0421.12) 18 expanding childhood Immunization, diarrheal control (ORT) and malaria prevention services and 18 accelerating acceptance of these interventions by mags motivational campaigns la the various media. To date, over 300 ORT centers have been established and some 2,000 health care workers have received training in malarial and diarrheal disease control, nutrition monitoring and epidemiology survey. The self-help Rural Water project (612-0207) 18 supplying low-cost, clean water and health education to 400,000 Malawians. A recent evaluation recommended 1ts replication throughout the country. Lastly, A.I.D. 18 making an important contribution to Malawi's cap ity to plan, implement and evaluate public and private investments and to identify new solutions for its development problems. There are substantial human resource development components in most of the previously mentioned projects. In addition, under the Polytechnic Institute Expansion Project (612-0201), seventeen University of Malawi faculty members have done advanced degree programs, & science laboratory and 100,000 volume 11brary have been constructed and equipped, and an engineering degree program has been greatly strengthened. The new Human Resource and Institutional Development project (612-0230), which commences in FY 1987, will provide training and technical assistance to key Malavian Institutions, la both the public and private sectors. FY 1988 Program of $10 million requested for FY 1988, $3.5 million 18 requested to commence the Multiple Assistance Schemes in Health project (612-0226) to improve overall rural health standards and to slow the population growth rate. A.I.D. also requests $4.5 million to continue the Human Resource and Institutional Development project (612-0230), $1.5 million to continue the Malawi Agricultural Research and Extension project (612-0215) and $500,000 to complete the Rural Enterprise and Agribusiness Development project (612-0214). Mission Director: John F. Hicks 213 208 SUMMARY CP ACTIVE ANO 305) PROJECTS IN THOUSANDS OF CLLARS) BUREAU FOR AFRICA 612 32104787 MALAWI L FY 3 FY OP | INITIAL INAL 3 OLIG 33LIS LO PLANNID -THROUGH FY35- O?!- EDEN- 4TIONS DITURES ۲۹۵يد -ACTUAL PY- OBLI; MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:(1985) COFFEE .COTTON TEA POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 48.2% (15-64YRS) 49.4% (63+ YRS) 2.4% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) DAIRY PROOS. WHEAT ,RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 105 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1986) 90% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 25.000 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1981) MALARIA MEASLES-ROUGEOLE, GONOCOCCAL INFEC (1983) 191 (84) 251 (85) 272 DEATH.. (1986) MALARIA MEASLES TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1983) 191 (84) 252 (85) 341 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 86% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1983) -60 (84) - 59 (85) -101 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1975) 35% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1984) 15.6% (85) 7.5% (86) 5.7% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP .... .) . %(.) • % (.) · * PRIMARY .... (1982) TOTAL 68.1 MALE 79.0 FEMALE 57.4 SECONDARY ( 1982) TOTAL 7.8 MALE 6.8 FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 0.5 MALE 0.7 FEMALE ( SNILLIONS, U.S.) (1978) .53 (79) 23 (80) 17 EQUIVALENT TO 0.4 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1980) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. . (1984) 22.2% 388 2.7 0.2 376 Uganda Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 9,032 5,550 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant Development Fund 9,032 9,032 5,550 5,550 7,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 4,362b/ 13,394 cl EN TOTALS 5,550 7,000 P.L. 480 Title: Tide II al le TOTALS 13,394 5,550 7,000 footnotes: al See malo volume P.L. 480 table for countrybreak out of World Food Program. B/ Includes $4,362 million for Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa, P.L. 97-121. sh Above totals includes $5.483 million of deabligated FY 1986 funds reobligated in FY 1986. PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Astue!) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 7 7 4 4 Foreign National TOTALS 11 11 11 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Category A5 A PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total 7 15 22 6 32 38 13 13 22 22 7 2 9 6 10 16 2 2 FY 1988 (Raquest) T Total 6 22 28 7 7 6 15 21 U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional ما با ا ا 4 2 2 24 TOTALS 9 15 6 32 38 6 22 28 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryoven still in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programu • Participants funded under regional programs lengo CLASP, AMDPA Academic: degree reeking. AIO 37020 s) 389 377 UGANDA Introduction Uganda has gone through 15 years of decline due to war, previous government brutalities, and disruptive economic and social policies. There has been loadequate lovestment during this period. War damage 18 videspread and refugees live in practically all parts of the country. The physical plant has deteriorated to the point where productive capacity is only a small percentage of former levels. By 1985 per capita Incone was only about 56% of the 1971 level. Upheaval, destruction and negative policies have also hurt agriculture which is the key to economic growth. During the 1960s Uganda had one of the best health services in Africa, however, it fell apart as hospitals and health clinics were destroyed or sacked by various armies, and medical personnel departed the country. By 1983, lamunization coverage for children under two years of age had fallen to 5%. A 1984 study in one district found that 40% to 60% of the deaths of children aged 1-o could be associated with diarrhea, measles, or both. The nev oral rehydration and reconstituted national inaunization programs are reant to overcome this health crisis. U.S. Interests in the stability and growth of Uganda are both humanitarian and geo-political la nature. Uganda 18 wedged among three countries of high concem to the U.S. -- Kenya, Sudan, and Zaire. Instability in Uganda spills over into its neighbors, and there are now more than 150,000 Ugandan refugees 1a Sudan and Zaire. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accoaplishments to Date The A.I.D. strategy focuses on resettlement and rehabilitation leading to longer-tern development, primarily in the agriculture and agro-industry sectors. Uganda's economic potential lles in its agricultural sector. The A.1.D. progran focuses on 108 rehabilitation. The progran has also supported basic health, child survival and population activities, largely through UNICEF. Through the Food Production Support project (617-0102), A.I.D. 18 working with the Government of Uganda (GOU) to restore the independence of the cooperatives. This has been the avenue for getting private banks involved 1o lending to small farmers, a na jor policy breakthrough. Under the Rehabilitation of Productive Enterprises Project (617-0104), the GOD has agreed to anend the banking lava in order to establish a small farmers' guaranty scheme and a rediscount facility which was necessary before commercial banks would directly finance small farmer agriculture. This project also provides foreign exchange for loan packages needed by commercial farmers and agro-industry to transform their operations to profitable enterprises. 2 3 w 390 878 UGANDA var. The Rural Economic Recovery project (617-0108), to be laplemented through a pvo, concentrates its resources in the parts of the country most danaged by The project, working with three lending Institutions, will set up a rural loan progran designed to help small farmers and businessmen re-establish their farns and commercial enterprises. The project will also provide tools, agricultural lnputs and building materials to farmers and businessmen living in the rural areas. A.I.D.'s Manpower for Agriculture Development project (617-0103), being carried out by Ohio State University under Title XII, 18 designed to help restore and upgrade what was once one of the finest research systems in Africa. Highly qualified Ugandans are available to staff this research system and the sister faculty of agriculture at the University, but they have been cut off fron the mainstreas of technical innovations in their respective fields during the past 10-15 years. A.I.D. vill provide technical assistance and short-tern U.S. training to upgrade their skills. Using regional funds, A.I.D. 18 working with the GOU to develop a long-term strategy to meet the population problem. Such a strategy would have to include off-farn employment and women's education, as well as laprovements to health facilities and family planning programs. FY 1988 Program The situation in Uganda la fluid and evolving. The FY 1988 program will depend on GOU progress on economic policy reform. Although significant backsliding has occurred in recent years, recent decisions by the GOU indicate a more pragmatic approach to its economic needs. A.I.D.'s resources will be concentrated in the on-going Rehabilitation of Productive Enterprises project. This project provides a basis for additional activities with the private sector and for policy dialogue. The policy dialogue would continue to emphasize the role of the private sector and how 1t 18 best able to meet key GOU goals and priorities. Other key elements of our longer-range program-agricultural research and cooperatives are under reviev. Population activities will continue to be carried out with regional funds, and child survival activities will be carried out in conjunction with the UNICEF program, which has made significant progress in expanding Immunization coverage and in improving water supplies. Mission Director: Richard L. Podol ...- APO Enna- 391 379 SUNA ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) AGO 102 02704707 SUR LAV POR FAICA .17 UGANDA CP 06 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE ! LYOP PT 0 INITIAL INAL 09LIS OSLIG LO PLANNED AUTMD -I ROUG PYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL Y36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTI SAT: PV7- DILIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ROPOSE - DILIS ATIONS DITUROS ASRICULTURE RURAL DEV. ANO NUTRITION 377 35 9.900 1.000 1,557 6.900 9.900 15.100 6.000 13 99 91 2.000 5.950 --- 5.000 11.350 11.350 --- --- 1.100 1.700 COD 5.482 3 36 -0. 16 5,602 5,482 --- 3.620 246,899 1,003 3.350 2.492 16, 200 3.620 2.983 co LOANS --- --- --- HEALTH ... 615 1.300 1.087 --- 550 90 36 6 3,050 95 3.633 3.600 98 615 --- --- 350 1.300 1.097 550 1.0 93 615 1,90 C00 --- -0 --- --- LOINS -- CHILD SURVIVAL FUVO --- --- ... --- 203 100 100 ... 392 6 9.999 S.990 3000 1.332 617-0102 POOD PRODUCTION SUPPORT 11.990 11.99 617-0103 : JANPOWER POR AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT 617-0104 PEMA OILITATION OF PRODUCTIVE ENTERPRISES 617-0108 RURAL ECONOMIC RECOVERY TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 7.003 8,482 26,99 2.900 16.200 5.350 38,731 41.931 GRANTS 35.731 41.731 617-0107 JRAL REHYDRATION (PVO) 3.OSO TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 3.600 3,600 3.050 GRANTS 3.600 3.000 1.200 $17-0110 CWILD SURVIVAL PROJECT 11,100 Puchonba 380 ON OOO ... --- .00 13.100 25000 CSS's coo 3,595 40821 12.107 CCC CSSOS 15.133 565 --- ... O OCS2 7.900 000 OSE OSO TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.500 O. --- 7.000 --- --- --- 3 1.200 28 OCS -- -- --- 1.00 --- *** --- 1 CCO 9 0002 ; --- ... --- --- DEVELOPMENT SUND POR APRICA ... O. ... ... OC ... OC? 100 109 ... CCZ 100 .O. SNTO7 32.381 GAANTS 1.101 ISS15 21,949 Les 25 US 15 2806 TOTAL 27.949 7.101 COUNTRY TOTAL LOANS 6.35C OSCA GRANTS sorond WALAUNS OTIN 0110-19 ENTERPRISES REHABILITATION OF PRODUCTIVE C599 *010-21 6.330 LOANS 1.200 GRANTS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.200 --- ** ATIONS 4TIONS DITURES ATIONS OITURES AUTNO Sho:11 !1160 Si anato .NIONS . Sianira -NTAX SINEC 91190 9 QINNT 10 TVNT WILINI ! ANG TITLE -91160 -91110 GA. GIS Oa0ad- -Niani - 9116C -SIA. WONOUNI- ON igarcia STIUT!D 117- 001 -ACTUAL PYI6. UGANDA CI 33 BUREAU POR AFRICA (IN NOUS ANOS OP DCLLARS) 02/04/B1 103 $idarond OIS01016 ORI JATJ 10 ANINKAS 381 Zaire 395 382 FY I CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (0) ZAIRE BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1086) 31,423 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) COPPER . COBALT .D1 ANONOS PER CAPITA ON (DOLLARS, 1984) 140 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S NILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 344 (1984) 471 (1965) 371 ANWAL PER CAPITA REAL AND GROWTH RATE.. (1965-86) -1.6% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 2% (1963) 26% (1984) 25% ANWAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-86) 48.2% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)CONSUMER GOODS .FOODSTUFFS , MINING & MACHINR NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( .) IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 92 (1984) 91 (1985) 115 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 7% (1983) 9% (1984) 9% (1986) TOTAL 51.3 MALE 49.7 FEMALE 52.8 (1970) TOTAL 45.0 MALE 43.4 FEMALE 46.6 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 326(83) 409(84) 940 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 35% MALE 74% FEMALE 37% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER FRANCE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 132x • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 352 ( 1976-1985) -0.4% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 16.6% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF @OP. (1902) 36% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / 50 KM OF AGRICUL TURAL LAND (1983) 184 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.7% (1978) 2.6% (1986) 2.9% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) 22% (1986) 45% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. .(1970) C (1986) SUBSISTENCÉ: CASSAVA ,CORN , BANANAS 59% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,PALM OIL .COTTON 10% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS : ( 1985) COFFEE RUBBER .PALM OIL POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.5% (15-64YRS) 51.7% (65+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,RICE ,CORN INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 114 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .) .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1979) 13.943 •CENTRAL GOVERNIENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANT$ ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( .) (1001) 1.347 (62) 1,249 (83) 1,077 DEATH..( : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1901) 1.839 (62) 1.850 (83) 1, 208 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A X OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 100% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1961) - 492 (82) -610 (83) - 130 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1982) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1960) 8.5% (81) 3.9% (62) 7.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF ON (1980) 2.6% (01) 1.4% (82) 2.9% PRIMARY.. (1978) TOTAL 87.4 MALE 103 FEMALE 20.3 SECONDARY (1977) TOTAL 20.4 MALE 30.0 FEMALE 11.3 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY., (1979) TOTAL 0.9 MALE 1.0 FEMALE 0.1 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) 256 (84) 279 (86) 335 EQUIVALENT TO 2.2 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1964) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1964) 396 383 ZAIKE Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 20,750 19,550 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan 20,750 19,550 Grant Development Fund 33,000 24,527 10,000 c/ Economic Support Fund Lom Grant Other 10,000 24,527 500 d/ 1,300 d TOTALS 45,777 30,850 33,000 P.L 480 Tite! Title 11 a! 18,963 18,800 163 14,127 14,000 127 13,137 13,000 137 TOTALS 64,740 44,977 46,137 Footnotes: See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout for World Food Program. Above total includes $700,000 of funds deobligated in FY 1986 which were reobligated in FY 1986. c/ Above total for ESF Includes $185,000 in local support costs. / Migration and Refugee Assistance for Africa (P.L. 97-121). FY 1986 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1987 Category FY 1988 (Asturu Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 21 20 20 Foreign National 16 16 TOTALS 37 36 36 "Total full time equivalent workyear of employment Include HIC, excem property, and IC personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear * 2,087 hour. 16 N Nous *** ... 1097.. ด PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category Actuel) (Entimated) (Request) Ab TC Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants 49 103 79 43 122 88 40 120 Bilaterald 45 46 91 65 37 102 70 35 105 Regional 9 12 14 6 20 18 23 Third Country Participants 20 22 27 28 19 Bilateral d 19 21 1 25 26 2 15 17 Regional 1 1 2 2 2 2 TOTALS 56 69 125 80 70 150 90 57 147 Con training refer to the sum of participant new starte Technical: non degree reking during the FY & carryovero stili in training from the prior TY. d participant funded under bilateral pragrama Participants funded under regional programs lengan CLAS AKDPL NO 3702) T Academie: degree making 69-533 0 87 - 13 397 384 ZAIRE . Introduction The Republic of Zaire found itself at an economic crossroads in 1983. Difficulties of the preceding decade, attributable in large part to deteriorating terms of trade but exacerbated by economically unsound policies, culminated in a financial crisis. This forced a rethinking of Zaire's economic policy and lo turn encouraged economic reforn. Implemented in collaboration with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (IBRD), A.I.D., and other donors, these reforms have begun to show lapressive results. Zaire has: 1) removed price controls from nost agricultural crops; 2) ellainated all but two agricultural marketing paras tatals; 3) liberalized its foreign exchange regime by floating the Zaire currency; 4) decontrolled interest rates; 5) reduced the budget deficit as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 6.3% to 1.22; 6) reduced money supply growth from 65% per year in 1982 to 26% fo 1986; 7) reduced government personnel rolls fron 395,000 in 1982 to 245,000 in 1984; and 8) eliminated price controls on all manufactured goods. Inflation, running at over 100% prior to 1983, has been reduced to be tveen 20 and 40%. Exports and the trade surplus have increased despite a continuing decline in copper and other export prices. Real growth has returned with the GDP rising at rates of 2.8% and 2.57 respectively in 1984 and 1985. However, even with these econonic advances, the World Bank continues to rank Zaire as the world's fourth poorest country. It faces formidable obstacles in its economic development resulting from: 1) a deteriorated physical infrastructure, particularly lo transport and communications which will require enormous amounts of capital to revitalizė; 2) a weak institutional environment; 3) a critical lack of professional, technical and managerial capability; 4) an overall shortage of Investmeat capital, both external and domestic; 5) a serious foreign debt service burden; 6) an inadequate but laproving tax and customs administration; 7) a decline in real incomes; a lack of employment opportunities; and 8) an estimated 2.8% annual population growth rate. These problems have contributed to worsened living standards for Zaire's population. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments To Date The success of the Government's effort to create a stable economic environment conducive to growth and development is of critical taportance to the political stability of Central Africa and to Western laterests in the region. In support of this effort, A.I.D.'s development strategy for Zaire consists of economic policy refora, agricultural production, and human resource development. Two key components of this strategy are: 1) a reliance on voluntary organizations, private enterprise and local government to provide timely and effective service delivery; and 2) concentrated assistance in training and in strengthening the departmental capacities of the Government in policy formulation and Internal management. 398 885 zam zaire's efforts toward fundanental economic reform emphasize the establishment of a favorable environment for Individual enterprise and self-sustaining development. 1.1.D. 18 assisting Zaire with these efforts through meaningful policy dialogue, and through leveraged ad justments via policy-conditioned, non-project assistance. This strategy 18 coordinated with the efforts of the MMP, the IBRD and other donors and is directly supported by A.I.D.'s Economic Support Fund (ESF) African Economic Policy Reforu Program project (660-0121), authorized in 1986. A.I.D. is similarly promoting continued econoaic liberalization by vay of self-help measures through its P.L.-480 Pood for Peace Mtle I program. While agricultural production generally has increased in recent years, per capita food production has remained basically stagnant since Zaire's Independence in 1960. Inasmuch as agriculture is the major economic activity and the primary means of livelihood for 75% of the population, revitalization of the agricultural sector 18 critical to Zaire's long-term development. A.I.D.'s assistance in policy reform in the agricultural sector occurs through the Agricultural Policy and Planning projec (660-0019) which finances technical assistance and training in free market policies for the Department of Agriculture. A second project, the Private Sector Support project (660-0120), proposed for funding in FY 1987, 18 designed to: 1) lmprove the availability of credit, particularly in the Bandundu and Shaba regions, for the development of small and mid-size agricultural marketing and processing enterprises, and 2) effect policy changes that will encourage capital mobilization. Institutional support for sectoral planning and policy development, applied food crop research and extension, and farm-to-market road rehabilitation la also emphasized 10 A.I.D.'s agricultural development program. Extension activities and farm-to-market road construction activities are concentrated la the Shaba region and the Kvilu bubregion of the country. Policy reform efforts in agriculture lead to and support other general econonic reforms being sought under the African Economic Policy Reforn project (660-0121). I 1 The ESP-financed Central Shaba Agricultural Development project (660-0105) represents the latest phase of a long-term commitment to stimulate self-sustaining agricultural development in the Shaba region. Project elements include: 1) the establishment of a private sector seed multiplication and marketing enterprise; 2) the developaent of farmer-based extension services; 3) the construction of village storage facilities; and 4) the rehabilitation of 1,000 kn's of regional roads and up to 2,000 kn's of feeder roads. The Central Shaba project builds upon a predecessor project which ended in 1986. This earlier project, the North Shaba Rural Development project (660-0059), exceeded overall objectives la road construction and bridge building. Through the agricultural development component of the project new technologies vere latroduced with selected cropa, increased yields by 100 to 300%. This lacreased production has encouraged private corn buyers and other entrepreneurial activity to locate in the area. 399 386 ZAIRE Pour Interrelated projects, the Agricultural Marketing Development project I (660-0026), II (660-0028), and III (660-0098) and the Area Pood and Marketing Development project (660-0102), are rehabilitating roads and introducing la proved techniques in production and marketing in the Bandundu region. In addition, A.I.D. 18 supporting the Applied Agricultural Research project (660-0091) which specializes in basic food crops and the development of varieties which contribute to long-ter productivity increases. The Cassava Outreach project (660-0077) which ended in 1986 and the ongoing applied Agricultural Research and Outreach project (660-0091) have developed and disseminated: 1) two disease resistant, regionally specific cultivars of cassava, vith a highly promising third cultivar for a third region expected within 2-3 years; and 2) three open pollinated ecologically adapted corn varieties. These projects are also responsible for the successful release of a predator and parasite which attacks a major cassava pest, thereby reducing crop damage and loss from this particular pest. The Plsh Culture Expansion project (660-0080) has expanded from one region to six, encompassing a growth fron 50 to 1,000 farmers and average production of fish per farmer fron 200 kilograms to two tons per hectare. A. I.D's human resources development program la Zaire focuses on the priority areas of child survival, population management and training, emphasizing the transfer of low-cost technologies, laproved management, and financially viable approaches to service delivery. Through the Basic Rural Health I and II projects (660-0086 and 660-0107), A.I.D. focuses on developing and sustaining the primary health care system needed to deliver child survival services. The School of Public Health project (660-0101) complements the basic rural health activities by educating public health managers in the management of an inproved health services systen. The A.I.D. P.L. 480 Title II progran also strengthens the technical capacity of Zaire's health system to deliver key services such as oral rehydration therapy, immunizations, growth monitoring and nutrition education, birth spacing, water and sanitation and malaria treatment/prophylaxis. A.I.D.'s population progran assists with the delivery of services and encourages creation of a favorable population policy climate. In policy development, A.I.D. 18 coordinating efforts with other donors to launch a National Population Committee whose primary ala will be to coordinate family planning activities and to channel efforts toward the adoption of population policies appropriate to Zaire. In service delivery, the Pamily Planning Services project (660-0094) 18 supporting the rural health zones with training, contraceptives, and educational materials. The Development Manpower Training project (660-0068) provides technical assistance and commodities to develop local capabilities for management training. The major focus 16 on Lostitution building and improving progras management la agricultural production, research, extension, and related 400 387 ZARE priority areas. In coaing years attention will be directed to the training seeds of the private sector. Refugee support focuses on the rebuilding of the economic and social Infrastructure of the Lualaba region of Shaba province where half the population consists of refugees. I 1988 Progras In FY 1988 fundlag totalling $33 million 18 requested from the Development Prand for Africa (DFA) account to support siz projects and collateral Tesearch, planning, and evaluation activities. No new project or program Initiatives are proposed for FY 1988. of the total, $17.6 million 1s proposed for the five ongoing agriculture projects: (1) the Area Food and Marketing project (660-0102) to continue agricultural production assistance activities in the Bap dundu region; (2) the Agricultural Policy and Planning project (660-0119) which 18 addressing sectoral policy development in agriculture; (3) the Applied Agricultural Research and Outreach project (660-0091) because of its high Investment potential; (4) the Fish Culture Expansion project (660-0080) which 18 a highly successful project being implemented with Peace Corps collaboration; and, (5) the Private Sector Support project (660-0120) which assists private enterprise la agricultural production and agro-industry. Three million dollars 18 to support the Basic Rural Health II project (660-0107). The development of regional and national coordinating mechanisms locluding supervision, health information systems, and the establishment of regional drug supply systems are emphasized in this effort. In addition, the project provides basic support for the installation of community-supported primary health care systems. Tvelve million dollars is to support the Central Shaba Agricultural Developaent project (660-0105), which 18 replicating successful components of the recently concluded North Shaba Rual Development project (660-0059), and the Private Sector Support project (660-0120). Pour hundred thousand dollars 18 to cover program development and support CoBt8. Pood and through the P.L. 480 Titles I and II programs of $13.127 million 18 requested to meet domestic food supply gaps and provide balance-of-payments support. Ntle II commodities support maternal and child health activities in Kinshasa In FY 1988 A.I.D. will consolidate its assistance to 23 projects from a PY 1986 total portfolio of 31 projects. A.I.D. will continue to focu attention on the policy refors environment and make special efforts to support private enterprise development activities. Mission Director: Dennis M. Chandler 401 388 SUMVART je ACTIVE AND PROOS!O PROJECTS (IN MOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAG! 104 02/04/87 DURLAU FOR AFRICA ZAIA CP 53 AGRICULTURE. RURAL EV. AND NUTRITION --- 155 --- 650 --- 35 300 60 --- 49 --- 305 355 59 -- 111 L 81 95 כככ.4 6.000 771 ... 523 --- 1.000 --- 1.714 4. 405 35 16,525 12.303 1.377 345 --- 1.525 15.125 --- --- --- . ... .. 77 95 4,90 ..999 --- --- --- --- ... 3.172 1.'15 503 --- 126 --- : --- 35 4.300 1,245 332 - --- 6.300 4,300 1.93 1.196 --- --- ... 396 115 --- 275 359 2.300 2.013 4.000 2.000 --- 2.000 36 3.300 133 4.200 800 --- 2.000 --- 3,000 8.000 2.000 293 2.000 ... 1.976 1.683 196 SO --- 25 ... 59 --- --- 402 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OR Y OF 1 IXITAL PINAL 3 OBLI: JOLI: LOP PLANNID AUTMO -IMROUG PY85- OBLIGE ! PIN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYS.- OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMAT: FY17- OBLIO- ! XPEN IT ONS DITURES -P?COS! #498 OILI; #XPON- 4TIONS DITJRIS L 77 79 5.000 3.196 66)-0026 AGRICULT JRE MARKETING DEVELOPMENT LOAN 3.000 5.000 660-0028 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT 663-0026 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT 63-005 3 76 NORIN SHAB 4 RURAL DEVELOPMENT 6.)-0059 NORIM SNAGA RURAL DEVELOPMENT !.990 3.439 أو 3.500 3.500 660-0070 . AGRICULTURE SECTOR STUDY : 73 32 2.922 2.579 663-0077 CASSAVA OUTRVACN 2.02 3.027 653-0079 ARLA NUTRITION PROVEMENT 66)-3080 PISN CULTURE EXPANSION 1.196 1,136 6,532 66)-0091 APPLIED RESEARCH AND EXTENSION 12.802 10.000 66 )-0098 AGRICULTURE MARKETING DEVELOPMENT ܐܐ 3.300 3.000 665-0102 3 33 AREA FOOD AND MARKETING JEV. 9.300 3,300 653-010 3 APPROPRIATE RURAL TECMNOLOGY COPG/PVO) 134 134 con YA 91.000 come 389 PAGE 105 02/04/67 SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR APRICA -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATEO FY87- 06LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS ?ITURES -ACTUAL FY26 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ZAIRE 66 -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHD 1 FY OF PY OP 1 INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG LIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 500 600 600 91 600 --- 128 465 660-0105 CENTRAL SNABA AGRICULTURAL DEV. 665-0113 3 PVO MANAGEMENT SUPPORT 200 793 793 1.464 35 35 794 1.900 06) 2.600 --- --- --- 2.000 3 6550 4.500 663-0119 AGRI. POLICY & PLANNING 3.000 --- 3.000 S 95 --- 37 200 390 669-0120 PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORT 233 300 16 71 C --- 13.552 11,290 11,975 3,922 13.000 23.026 55,303 11.165 O 73,832 76,161 13,264 11,239 8,147 13.000 20.620 2.713 62.893 1,711 --- 675 66.332 61,256 12.500 12.905 12,500 7,406 LOANS --- 1.949 1.000 900 717 --- 1.375 3,940 510 37 32 4,940 3,940 G 725 --- --- 2.080 --- --- --- --- 30 85 8 2.000 2.080 50 30 .. --- --- C 1,538 95 PROGRAM PEV. AND SUPPORT-ZAIRE 669-05 10 3 SS PROGRAM JEV. AND SUPPORT-ZAIRE TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT GRANTS POPULATION PLANNING 660-0094 PANILY PLANNING 667-0101 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTM 669-0510 1.060 1.555 717 2.080 1.375 3,960 1.58 DO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 7,020 6.320 1.555 717 1.053 2.030 1.375 3.940 -O. --- GRANTS 7.020 0.023 --- DO LOANS WEALTM 403 on the horiesdor. on Million for Do 31.10 donc 31,100FY fondo For 390 PAGE 106 32/34/87 BUREAU FOR AFRICA CP 9. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PY OF FI OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 OLI: OBLIG LO PLANNID AUTO -THROUGM FY $5- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -STINAT!) FY37- JOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUPES -PROPOS!! Y8B- OLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 95 6,975 3,362 1.325 286 6.975 4.975 359 335 01 399 323 6 3 6.000 --- 2,235 1.000 1.000 5,275 5.235 --- --- : 4250 2.500 436 6.000 --- 3.500 1,200 13.750 10.750 --- 2.50) 200 3 85 ... 953 53 550 2.50 2.500 85 35 2.250 180 --- 220 432 2.250 2.250 400 --- 750 350 C 100 ** 35 37 49 74 --- --- --- 97 1,123 2.544 293 --- 300 1.131 3.344 2.544 900 C 11 100 23 ... 15 SUMMARY O ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 263 ZAIRE 660-008. 8 91 BASIC RURAL MEALTN 660-0093 81 INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT (PVO) 660-0101 SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 660-0107 BASIC RURAL HEALTH II 053-0114 SMAGA REFUGE! MEALTH 663-0116 2 SHABA REPUGEE WATER SUPPLY . 750 750 653-0122 (IN ANGUIST HOSPITAL ASSISTANCE (OPS) 662-0510 i 35 PROGRAM JEV. AND SUPPORT-24IRE TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 13,664 4,129 5.570 3,956 4,043 6.32 27.847 27.947 9.192 ORANTS 13,454, 6.129 5,970 3,565 4,043 5,032 27,34 27.549 5,992 LOANS EDUCATION AND HUMAN RO SOURCES 663-0065 80 DEVELOPMENT MANPOWER TRAINING 663-0510 335 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT.ZAIP 3 'Noten to the pred pray 404 Cuddlton final in the whole De 91.1 Perth in 1,000 to Ylebin tone done ***.. 220 16& 107 02/04/07 SUNNARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR AFRICA -PROOSEO PYO3- OILIS- 9XPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIS EXPEN ATIONS JITURES ZAIRE -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EAPEN ATIONS DITURES -TMROUSN PY&S- OSLIG- PIPEN- 4TIONS DITURES • LPT OP FY OF INITIAL PINAL OOLIS ISLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 900 1.235 100 313 1.134 909 1,206 902 313 1.134 100 --- LOANS 1.000 --- 2.100 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ... --- ... 2.100 100 57 9 --- --- 3 --- --- 100 270 --- C 1.100 2.370 100 --- --- --- 1. 100 20 190 --- --- --- 1.002 --- --- --- --- --- 1.002 2.193 --- 2.198 33 1.50? --- --- ... --- 12.309 2 6.700 6.700 --- --- --- 30 91 13.965 13,965 1.300 CENTRAL SNAJA AGRICULTURAL DEV. --- --- --- --- --- 2.000 : --- --- 9.900 9.300 35 3 96 660-0119 1641. POLICY I PLANNING 2.556 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.544 2.559 GRANTS 3,344 2.544 660-0120 PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORT 669-0510 6 35 PROGRAN DEV. AND SUPPORT-SAIRE 2.100 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.370 2.100 GRANTS LOANS DEVELOPMENT PUND FOR APRICA 78 53 5 663-0080 PISN CULTURE EXPANSION 660-0091 3 83 APPLIED RESEARCH AND EXTENSION 685-0102 35 AREA FOOD AND MARKETING DEV. 667-0105 669-0107 JASIC RURAL MEALTN ?1 13,000 10.000 405 392 SUMMARY ON ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 106 02/04/87 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 663 ZAIRE CP 98 90 12.900 --- 10,00 C 401 450 --- --- --- --- --- --- סס33,3 400 409 LOANS ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- 185 135 --- --- ... --- --- --- ... L 31 SS 65 405 345 --- 59 ܕܕܪ : 430 15 49 --- --- 454 --- --- 3 83 23 סככ,5 5.000 2.516 1.450 1.016 --- 5.000 .. --- --- --- - 204 5,224 2.200 --- --- --- 2.372 651 1.950 2.300 26 3 1,342 19,342 --- --- 9.527 9.915 3.000 --- 3.900 --- --- 19.10 ... --- 5.503 9,500 406 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OR FV 0 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIS OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM) -THROUGM FY3S- JOLIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY 86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DXTURES - 55TIMATE FY37- LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ROPOS SY - LIS- EXPON- ATIONS DITURES 6.)-0120 3 37 RIVATE SECTOR SUPPORT 6.) -0510 3 PROGRAM DEV. AND SUPPORT-TAN! TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 55.755 3,665 GRANTS 55.755 39.65 33,00 97 97 1.5 135 663-000A 3 LOCAL COST SUPPORT-IAIRE 663-0028 AGRICULTURAL MARKETIN DEVELOPMENT 663-0030 HISM CULTURE EXPANSION 660-007 ECONONIC SUPPORT - (PV) 860-0135 3 AGRICULTURAL INPUTS SUPPORT 13.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 663-01 03 o AGRICULTURAL INPUTS SUPPORT I: 10.000 12.000 665-0105 2 CENTRAL SMABA AGRICULTURAL DEV. 5 % 85 15.000 6.3-0121 STRUCTURAL ADJUSTNENI SUPPORT-ALPRP כננ,15 donc PV-A confor 1.100 M.PY 393 109 021 34/67 SUMMARY O. ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR APRICA -PROPOSED PY98- OLIS EXEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED Y97- OLI: EXPN ATIONS OITURES 665 ZAIRE LOP -ACTUAL FY 36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -THROUGN FY39- OBLIG- XEN- ATIONS DITURES . LPY OP FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 03LIG LIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PLANNED AUTHO 17.172 10.000 15.25 7.704 26.327 3.120 25.359 17.572 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 60.396 63.396 15.950 10.393 7.356 24,527 3,120 5 405 33.000 60.900 36,727 29.550 21.127 45.277 37,784 126.134 COUNTRY TOTAL 38. 137 31.000 235.306 210.635 TOTAL 34,57 29,550 20, 105 407 25.464 GRANTS 57.991 59.991 435 605 LOANS 45.277 30.375 2.713 3,229 1,770 --- GRANTS 1,021 -0. 222,401 197,325 12.905 13,313 12.995 7.606 LOANS 'hoto Conch YocoAlb wanneer dince 31,0PY 394 Zambia 409 395 FY 68 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FORE I GN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )COPPER . COBALT .ZINC EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) (1984) 6% (1984) 62 (1985) 7% (1985) 7% 470 FOOO STUFFS . TRANS, EQUIP. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) -1.3% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) 10.4% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MACHINERY NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) 3.6% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 38 (1964) 43 ( 1985) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 6% ( 1984) 7% (1985) 13% (1986) TOTAL 54.2 MALE 52.9 FEMALE 55.6 (1970) TOTAL 46.4 MALE 44.8 FEMALE 47.9 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 212(84) 281(85) 276 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1969) TOTAL 47% NALE 61% FEMALE 35% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGOOM JAPAN UNITED STATES EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 1 16% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1984) ( 1976-1985) -1.0% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 32.8% • SOCIAL DATA 2.8% (1986) 3.7% (1984) 15% 3.0% (1970) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) (611) ZAMBIA COUNTRY: BASIC DATA (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 7,015 TOTAL POPULATION.. (DOLLARS, 1984) PER CAPITA GNP. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1986) 15 31% POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) (1970) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .. (1970) 7 (1986) 7 SUBSISTENCE : CORN ,CASSAVA ,MILLET 28% (1985) CASH: COTTON , PEANUTS , SUGARCANE (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 1.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON , TOBACCO ,RAW SUGAR POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 48.6% (15-64YRS) 48.9% (65+ YRS) 2.4% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , VEGETABLE OILS , CORN INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 89 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1969) 15% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 7, 105 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) TB, RESP. SYSTEM, LEPROSY .TB, OTHER FORMS (1980) 100 (81) 957 (82) 927 DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) 1.722 (81) 1,475 (82) 1.647 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 102% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S WILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) -720 (81) -518 (82) -720 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 67% DEFENSE EXPENOITURES AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. . % (.) % (.) • % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP: AS % OF GNP · % ( ) % ( ) • % PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 101 MALE FEMALE 99.1 SECONDARY (1980) TOTAL 12.8 MALE 16.5 FEMALE 8.8 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 1.2 MALE 2.0 FEMALE 0.6 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 129 (84) 55 (85) 201 EQUIVALENT TO 3.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 79.6% 410 {:} : 396 ZAMBIA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 2,149 3,100 FY 1966 (Request) Development Assistance Loon Grant Development Pund 2,149 3,100 15,000 17,000 12,400 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 17,000 12,400 a/ TOTALS 19,149 15,500 15,000 P.L. 480 Titel Tide 11 b/ 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 TOTALS 29,149 25,500 25,000 Footnotes: a/ Includes $185,000 in local cost support 51 See Main Volume PL 480 table for country breakdown of World Food Program. PA . Puulet PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Astur!) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 8 8 8 Foreign National 6 6 6 TOTALS 14 14 14 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 1272 Category 2. ೩gx U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) A6 Total А T Total 76 32 108 75 23 98 50 24 74 60 15 75 26 8 34 15 8 23 0 2 2 0 7 0 2 2 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 76 34 110 75 30 105 FY 1988 (Request) А T Total 57 28 83 50 20 70 7 8 15 13 16 3 10 13 0 3 3 60 41 101 TOTALS a[n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryoveri stili in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking d Participants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE AMDP). b Academic: degree veeking AIO 3702 1840) 411 397 ZADIA Introduction Zambla is the most urbanized society in sub-Sahara Africa, with 47% of its estimated population of seven million people living in urban areas. A high degree of dualism exists in Zambia with sharp incone disparities between the urban-oriented modem sector, dominated by mining, and the rural agriculture sector. Mining has been the most important sector since independence and has accounted for approximately 32% of gross domestic product (GDP); however, revenues from mining have been reduced drastically since 1976 due to depressed copper and cobalt prices, as well as declining production. Nevertheless, mining remains the primary determinant of Zambia's economic and financial performance since it earns approximately 90% of Zambia's foreign exchange. The fundamental development problem in Zambia 18 to diversify the economy by reducing dependence on the mining sector and increasing production in the largely unexploited agriculture sector. At currently projected rates of extraction, the country's known copper reserves will last about 15 more years. Over this period, financial resources generated by the mining sector must support efforts to diversify the economy, especially in agriculture and rural development. At present only a small percentage of the country's arable land is under production. Subsistence farmers using traditional practices account for approximately 70-85% of total cereal production and 90% of all cattle slaughtered. Significant production increases are therefore possible through both the expansion of the area under cultivation and through increased yields as traditional farmers adopt more modern farming practices. Notwithstanding its potential, Zambia faces formidable development constraints. The country must deal with significant external and internal financial imbalances, a large external debt, past policies of subsidizing the large number of urban consumers, and the inefficiencies of parastatals. Transportation, a major problem for landlocked Zambia, 18 expensive and routes are affected by regional political and security problems, and maintenance difficulties. Another major constraint facing Zaabia 18 the lack of adequately trained personnel. The Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) has undertaken a series of corrective measures to stabilize the economy since the onset of the economic crisis in the mid-1970s. These measures have included a series of stabilization prograns with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the decontrol of a significant number of prices, increases in the floor prices for agricultural products, and the implementation of new tax measures. In 1985 the GR2 adopted a number of bold economic reforms. These reforms included a sharp reduction in the subsidies for naize meal and fertilizer, the decontrol of Interest rates, and an auction system for allocating foreign exchange and determining a more realistic exchange rate. The various agricultural policy and price reforms, new technological packages, and good rains have all contributed to a significant increase in food 412 398 ZAMBIA production. For example, during the 1984/85 and 1985/86 crop years, for the first time since the mid-1970s Zambia has been almost self-sufficient in naize production, the principal staple crop. While the reform process to date has made progress toward opening the way for exploiting Zambia's development potential over the long term, the success of these efforts depends on the GRZ's ability to implement many difficult and politically sensitive reforms. U.S. objectives are to encourage Zambian stability and self-reliance so that the country can achieve economic growth and development despite the political and economic turmoil in the region. Given its strategic position, a secure and prosperous Zambia will help to stabilize southern Africa as a whole. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date 3 1,111 Given Zambia's severe economic difficulties, the A.I.D. strategy has been to support economic stabilization measures as well as increased food production and small farm income. . The bulk of Zambia's agricultural production 18 derived from approximately 600,000 smallholder farmers. A.I.D.'s strategy has been to Increase smallholder productivity by encouraging the GRZ to adopt incentive policies such as increased prices paid for produce. In addition, A.I.D. 18 encouraging the GR2 to reduce the subsidy on maize meal and fertilizer and to 11beralize the agricultural marketing system through the Multi-Channel Agricultural Marketing Program (611-K603). The A.I.D. program, in close coordination with the GRZ and other donors, has concentrated on reforms to liberalize the policy environment in the agriculture sector. The program has also been very active in institutional strengthening and development. The Agricultural Training, Planning and Institutional Development project (611-0075) contributes to increased GRZ capacity in the agriculture sector for analysis, planning and management. The program includes extensive training of relevant GRZ agricultural personnel and analysis of critical problem areas constraining agricultural development. The Human and Institutional Resources Development project (611-0206), through the provision of training and technical assistance, 18 helping the GRZ to manage more effectively critical areas of the economy which currently hinder Zambia's economic reform and development process. The Agricultural Development, Research and Extension project (611-0201), working directly with smallholder Zambian farmers and the GRZ, 18 developing more appropriate technological packages for agriculture and increasing the productivity and self-sufficiency of smallholder farmers. The A.I.D. program in Zambia is also addressing policy constraints affecting the private sector. A.I.D. will contioue to emphasize agriculture and foreign exchange support in our efforts to help the GRZ achieve economic growth. The program will finance agricultural training, planning and institutional development, and provide technical support for farmers and decision makers. P.L. 480 and program support for the foreign exchange auction will provide a basis for 413 399 ZAMBIA continuing policy dialogue with the GRZ, support Zambian policies and loitlatives, and complement technical assistance resources. A.I.D.'s program should help to draw some of the urban unemployed back to the land, reduce the rural-urban migration, and create an economic environment to reduce urban unemployment. In FY 1986, A.I.D.'8 na jor contribution in Zambia was through a program support grant (611-0757) which provided resources ($17 aillion) to support the foreign exchange auction system. This program support grant and the P.L. 480 Ntle I program ($10.0 million) provided short-term balance of payments relief, while contributing to the GRZ's longer term objectives to accelerate agricultural development and diversify the structure of the economy In FY 1987, A.I.D. is providing both economic support funds and development assistance to Zambia to help the GRZ sustain their economic refora program, liberalize the market, and move the economy away from dependence on declining copper revenues. A program support grant of $12.2 million will finance this effort through the ongoing Zambia Auction Program Support project (611-0757), PL 480 Title I funding totaling $10 million will also be provided. Project activities include initial funding ($3.1 million) for the Agricultural Training, Planning and Institutional Development II project (611-0207), which builds upon a successful predecessor project. The 1981stance provided under this project further develops GRZ capacity in the agricultural sector for analysis, planning and management. F 1988 Program In FY 1988, $15.0 million 18 requested from the Development Fund for Africa and $10.0 million for PL 480 Title I. The funds will support economic stabilization measures to increase food production and small faro income, and will contribute to Zambian stability, self-reliance and overall development. It is the view of A.I.D. and the GRZ that the program and project assistance provided by the United States to Zambia in the past, and now being requested for FY 1988, 18 the proper mix of assistance to achieve mutual U.S. and GRZ objectives in Zambia. A.I.D. will continue the current major focus on balance of payments support and agricultural development. The program will assist Zambia's economic restructuring and policy reforn efforts through an $11.0 million program grant in support of the foreign exchange auction. Funds totaling $10.0 aillion will be requested from P.L. 480 Title I to bridge the gap in foods not yet produced locally. The FY 1988 program will also support GRZ policy implementation with funds for the Human and Institutional Resources Development Project (611-0206--$1.5 million) and the ongoing Agricultural Training, Planning and Institutional Development II Project (611-0207--$2.5 million). Ted Morse Mission Director: 414 APP ! 11.1 RP 1917. #enama RT TATT OF A3 ** 401 --- SUNNART ACTIVE AND PROPOSEORDJE (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) BURLAU POR APRICA -PROS! '70- OLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS : TURIS -!STIMAT! HY37- OSL16- EXPIN ITIONS DITUS 611 ZANB: -ACTJAL FY6 OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH FYS- LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LY OP SY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL s OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 6.500 --- --- . --- 11.000 --- 6.900 . TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.000 GRANTS LOANS 1.500 700 --- DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA --- --- --- --- 6.133 5.138 2.500 2.300 611-0206 WUNAN AND INSTITUTIONAL RESOURCES DEV. --- - .. --- --- --- 3.313 91 כככ,11 5.500 611-0207 : 87 AGRI. TRNS. PNG/INSTITUTIONAL DEV 11 --- --- --- --- --- --- 11.390 99 15.03 9, 200 611-0757 ZAMBIA AJCTION SUPPORT PROGRAN ... - .. --- --- 19.003 7,200 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 25. 151 6.133 OOO --- GRANTS 25.151 5.138 LOANS --- 253 2.733 ... ... ECONONIC SUPPORT SUND 15.000 12.014 77 87 15,000 15.000 2.556 611-K01 2 CONNODITY IMPORT PROGRAM 1,465 13.000 4.000 --- .. 35 13,000 13.00 --- --- 611-K602 3 • ONMODITY INPORT PROGRAM 19.000 25.000 ... --- 35 35 25.000 25,000 611-6603 7 SULTI-CHANNEL AS AKINI-CORP 195 195 --- 37 135 195 --- 97 --- .39 611-000A 3 LOCAL COST SUPPORT-244974 332 133.534 --- 136,975 77 35 611-0070 CONNODITY INPORT PROGRAM 136,975 136,975 416 31,1 den Nah Dec 31,00 Puchon PY > ! I 4403911 1 1 11 11 il WITH A Rutes MINT 403 Southern Africa Regional 419 404 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 Category FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) Development Assistance 3,000 FY 1988 (Request) Loan 3,000 Grmt Development Fund 73,000 d/ 28,475 al Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 60,304 b/c/ 60,304 28,475 TOTALS 31,475 60,304 73,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 TOTALS 31,475 60,304 73,000 Footnotes: al Above total includes $23,000 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 for total reobligation of $23,000 in PY 1986. b/ Above total for ESF Includes $140,000 in local cost support. C/ Above total includes $36,000,000 supplemental request for Southern Africa Regional Initiative. See separate annex for additional details. d! Above total includes $57,000,000 for Southern Africa Regional Initiative. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) ( (Request) 13 U.S. National 12 12 Foreign National 5 5 5 IQIALS 18 17 17 Total full time equivalent workyear of employment Include HIG, excen property, and IG personnel Excludos TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours Ab 1 - * PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants 13 13 26 26 63 63 Bilaterald Regional 13 13 26 26 63 63 Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS 13 13 26 26 63 63 a{n-training refers to the sum of participant new starte Technical: non-degree veeking during the FY & carryovara stili in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programa b Academic: degree rocking Participante funded under regional programs lenga, CLAS ADP MD 3702 000) م ، به اوای prior FY. 420 405 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL Latroduction The southern region of Africa, as defined by membership in the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), consists of the nine majority ruled states of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. In addition, Zaire is associating Itself more closely with SADCC and with economic 18gues in the region. The region's total population (consisting of the nine SADCC members) 18 approximately 70 million and the combined gross national product (GNP) equals $30 billion per year. In aggregate, the nine countries possess significant amounts of untapped mineral deposits, including strategic metals. Poreign exchange earnings stem malaly, however, from exports of uaprocessed winerals and agricultural commodities such as tobacco, tea, coffee and sugar. Even the relatively low average annual per capita income of $428 masks significant disparity among countries. In Botavana, Swaziland and Zlababve per capita lacones exceed $700, whereas in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania they are wder $250. The majority of people in the region live in rural areas where they engage in small-scale farning. Agriculture represents, on the whole, 34% of gross domestic product and accounts for 26% of export earnings. For Lesotho, Mozambique, and Botswana remittances from substantial numbers of workers in aining and other sectors of South Africa represent an important share of GNP. O.S. lnterests in Southern Africa are based on the region's strategic location, mineral resources, political dynamics and economic relationships with the West. The physical breadth of the region, which la almost as large do the continental Doited States, 18 inposing. The southern Africa region 18 a critical source of essential minerals for u.s. Industrial production and offers a largely untapped market for u.s. goods and services. Racalation of the struggle in South Africa to dismantle apartheid and achieve a governaent by consent of all of the governed 18 threatening the political and econonic stability of the entire region. It 18 in the laterest of the United States and the free world that a peaceful, negotiated settlement to the conflict in South Africa be achieved. A protracted and violent struggle will be econonically debilitating not only for South Africa but also for its majority ruled neighbors. & Rcodonic growth to the region has been lapeded by a variety of external and laternal constraints. The region depends heavily on South Africa'a rail, road and port systems for the shipment of internationally traded goods, particularly importa of consumer goods, raw materials 'and production Inputs. Por eight of its neighbors, South Africa now provides the outlet for 25% to 100% of their export trade. The Angolan route to the Atlantic Ocean has not carried laternational traffic aince 1975. In Mozambique, which provides alternative transportation routes for Zlababwe, Zambia, Botsvana, Malavi and southern Zaire, insurgency continues to slow, and in some cases to prevent, progress to rehabilitate vital transport links to the sed. 421 406 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL An average 3% population growth continues to outstrip food production in the region. The region will need to double food output over the next 15 to 20 years to keep up with the population growth. Job creation 18 a major challenge to the region, and it will be aggravated by the possible reduction of the migrant labor force in South African nines. The export performance of the countries has been lethargic and intra-regional ties are weak. Less than 5% of total SADCC trade is within the region and half of that is with Zimbabwe. Por rany SADCC countries, South Africa remains the major trading partner. Confronted with these lesues, and with serious political and security problems in the region, the nine states of southern Africa formed the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) in 1980 with the twin goals of coordinating regional development and reducing their economic dependence on South Africa. To avoid the creation of a cuabersone bureaucracy and to maximize the organization's impact on economic development, a decentralized system of regional planning and coordination was established. Each SADCC member was assigned responsibility for specific sectors of development: Angola -- energy conservation and development; Botsvana- agricultural research and animal disease control; Lesotho tourism, 8011 and water conservation and land utilization; Malawi fisheries, forestry and wildlife; Mozambique transportation and communications; Swaziland - manpower development; Tanzania - Industry and trade; Zambia - mlping; and Zimbabwe - food security. Within these sectors each member country is responsible for initiating project proposals and strategies, for seeking financial assistance from laterested donors and for implementing programs. - 250 From the outset, SADCC established transport outlets independent of South Africa as a priority goal. One of its first actions was the creation of the Southern Africa Transport and Communication Commission (SATCC) to assist Mozambique with its transportation coordination responsibilities. SATCC has identified several transport corridors as crucial to achieving SADCC'S goal. Among these are: (1) the Beira Corridor, which connects Ziababve with the port of Beira by rail; (2) the Northem Corridor which links southern Africa with Dar es Salaan via the Tazara Railway and the Zambian railways system' and (3) the corridor from Malavi to the Mozambique port of Nacala. To date, member states and donors have committed about $700 million toward the rehabilitation of these corridors. Principal donors in this sector are the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Bconomic Community, the Nordic countries, and the United States. faced with a serious shortage of trained people in the agricultural sector and a pressing need to increase food production, SADCC formed the Souther African Center for Cooperation 10 Agriculture Research (SACCAR) to Laprove agriculture research systems within the region. SACCAR's mandate is to stimulate effective land use, leprove agriculture productivity and lacrosse revenue for farmers. At present only Zimbabwe and Malawi produce a surplus of staple crops; the other countries in the region continue to import substantial amounts of food. Io the realization that regional cooperation will be necessary to provide food for all, SADCC has initiated a major La 422 407 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL effort to develop a regional food security strategy under the leadership of Zimbabwe. An area of groving concern among SADCC countries is trade, especially latra-regional trade. Recently, at two separate meetings, SADCC endorsed the idea that vore enphasis must be placed on the developaent of trade and industrial growth in the region. Such noves are positive and encouraging as opportunities exist for expanding trade. For eraaple, agricultural ladustries la Zaabia, Malawi, and Zimbabwe partially complement each other. Botswana's beef, Mozambique's fish, Zimbabwe's furaiture and textiles, and Zambia's netal fabrication and cheaical Industries could find expanded markets within the region. The SADCC regional market of 70 million people can be served by the region's large, partially untapped labor force and a diverse natural resource endowment. With application of sone economies of scale as well as laproved infrastructure, technology and management, significant new private investment and trade are possible. In an effort to increase trade and Industrial growth in the region, A.I.D. 18 working with SADCC to design programs to promote private investment and caployment and to help stipulate trade in the region and within the Preferential Trade Area of Eastern and Southern Africa (PTA), a 16-member body formed in 1981 with the goal of fostering intra-regional trade. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The regional development strategy for southern Africa stresses several areas of taportance for A.1.D. assistance through FY 1987, including: (1) laproving economic efficiency in regional transportation; (2) supporting SADCC sector coordination units; (3) improving developaent performance through better management; (4) Increasing economic returns from agriculture; and (5) promoting intra-regional trade and business development. la transport, A.I.D. has provided $42.5 million through FY 1986 and 18 committing an additional $10.9 million in FY 1987. Procedurally, regional transportation activities are mutually agreed upon by SATCC, the donor and the host country in which the projects are implemented. Pive A.I.D. regionally-funded transportation projects are currently being laplemented: (1) rehabilitation of the trunk road connecting Zambia and Zimbabwe; (2) rail line repairs and locomotive rehabilitation on corridors leading to Mozaabican porte; (3) assistance to improve the locomotive fleet of Zambia Railways; (4) the upgrading of two transhipment ports and one maintenance port on Lake Malawi which will help establish a link between Malawi via the Tazara railway to Dar es Salaan port; and (5) technical assistance to address critical transport problems in the region (e.8., cargo tracking, transit agreements, systems management and maintenance). Most of these efforts are well under way and the prospects for improving the capacity on as for transport corridors 18 promising. Lo agriculture, A.1.D. 18 continuing to fund research aimed at developing laproved varieties and increasing production of two crops grown by small holders - sorghum and millet. Over 7,000 varieties of sorghum and 3,000 varieties of pillet have been collected from around the world and are being 423 408 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL tested and cross bred. Students have begun training in the United States as part of a 10-year program to tralo 65 agricultural scientists from the southern Africa region in sorghua and millet improvement. A.I.D. is also lovolved in a multi-donor program which provides assistance to SACCAR to promote better coordination of agricultural research within the region. SADCC, with support fron A.I.D. and Australia, has recently made important progress in the area of regional food security. A.I.D.-funded technical assistance has played a pivotal role in the development of a regional food security strategy which was endorsed by SADCC Ministers of Agriculture in October 1986. In FY 1987, the U.S. Government is proposing a new initiative aimed at accelerating the economic development of southern Africa by helping the countries of the region to laprove transport, expand trade and private lovestment, and promote economic policy reform. This initiative is in addition to approximately $175 million 1o U.S. economic assistance and food aid which is provided annually to the southern African countries through bilateral and regional programs. The FY 1987 supplemental budget request lacludes $36 million as a first installment on this program to finance projects 10 transport, trade and lovestment. Because of the continuing political crisis in South Africa, the U.S. Government has substantially increased assistance to South Africa's disadvantaged majority population. In FY 1987, $9.3 milion out of regional funda 18 budgetted for laportant assistance programs in South Africa. Projects funded include secondary and university level scholarships, labor union activities, and teacher training programs. This program component is fully described in a separate section of the Congressional Presentation, titled "South Africa (Disadvantaged South Africans)." FY 1988 Program A.I.D. requests $12 million la FY 1988 to continue Its support to SADCC's number one priority, the transportation sector. This effort will support the Dar es Salaam port rehabilitation and equipment purchase and repair of the port's lighter wharf. The FY 1988 program also includes a new project to develop selected facilities of agriculture throughout the region. Food and agriculture production remain key econonic factors in a region where 70% of the labor force 18 engaged in farming. Activities to improve agriculture research and regional food security will continue. The Regional Agricultural Faculty Development Project (690-0242) ($2 million 10 PY 1988) will assist in the development of agricultural teaching and research institutions. In addition to the core budget, the Southern Africa Regional Initiative (690-0243) will require $57 million in FY 1988. These funds will permit 424 409 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL continuation of transportation projecta ($12 ellion) for Tazarı and Dar es Salam. In addition, the initiative will contribute ($20 million) to economic policy reforms in the region. The major thrust of the initiative in TT 1988 vill be to support a ne SADCC priority, trade promotion and Investment. A ne regional trade promotion activity ($25 million) will help stimulate intra-regional trade and promote private sector investment through the provision of foreign exchange and related trade promotion services. Director: Allison B. Herrick (resident in Zimbabwe) 425 410 SUNTARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS ON DOLLARS) PAGE 119 02/04/87 BUREAU POR APRICA CP 88 SOUTNERN APR REG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY 3 FI OF INITIAL FINAL ODLIG 33L26 LOP PLANNED AUT- -TMROUSM FY3S- OBLIG- OPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- 09LIG EXP EN ATIONS DI TURES - ESTIMATED FY87- DILIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PRO OSED FYUI. OOLIG• EXON- ATIONS JITURES EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES 79 1,707 --- 1.778 --- --- --- 71 1.778 1.955 32 92 12.050 6.547 3.000 2.079 1.000 --- 1.000 15.050 15.050 8.256 --- 3.000 2.07 1.000 1.071 ... --- --- --- --- SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES S 30 --- --- C --- --- --- --- --- 1.000 . --- 0 50 --- 1,300 1.300 --- --- --- 3.000 2.000 87 1 --- --- .. --- --- .. --- --- --- --- 87 S5 10.300 --- --- --- -- ... --- --- 2.200 100 --- --- --- --- --- --- ... ... --- 500 691-0083 6 77 SOUTNERN AFRICA ACADENIC AND is Tevi 695-0213 3 TRAINING OF DISADVANTAGE SOUTH AFRICANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 13,828 8,256 3.500 2.079 --- 1.071 15.B23 16.905 1.000 GRANTS 13,828 16.829 15905 LOANS 693-0206 SOUTHERN AFRICA PLNG MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 693-0235 S SS AFRICA PRIVATE ENTERPRISE FUND 690-0239 ; REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEV. III 693-0240 3 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEV. IV 77 C 693-9801 HUMAN RIOTS PUNO 93 C 695-9901 3 SPECIAL SELF-NELP DEV-ESR ewiden 426 Mbotones och 31, Realob.com 411 SUNNAR .CTIVE 01 TOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) sirov. Caso .0.. ON AIA A. 120 0210.17 vụ Tài 11:1 .9 SOUTHERN APP IC PROJECT NO. AND TITL! INITIAL TINAL GOBL:: OSLIS LOP PLANNID -IMROUGN PY- OBL:*- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91750 -ACTUAL FU- EXPER- ATIONS DITURIS -NCX -USTINAT!) - SLI- &TIONS DITURES -Niora -POOSE Y!! OILI- ATIONS DI TURIS Chiny --- ... --- --- 5.350 LOANS --- -- --- --- --- .. 1.15? 90 ; . 11 .)-0206 SOUTHERN AFRICA LM: SANAGEMENTIRISEACH 25 CS . 58 כי --- 1.300 1.390 OCS --- --- --- 37 37 , CCCG --- ... . . --- --- --- ... --- --- --- ... --- --- --- ... 13.30 --- ... --- 2. 200 !7 $3 10.000 --- 2.002 250 53 90 5.000 ... --- --- 57.000 40,000 ( 39 57.300 67)-0243 37 50. AFRICA 25:10NAL INIT:ATIVE 69)-9801 i 77 1JMAN RIÖRTS FUND --- --- --- --- --- .. 100 100 . --- ... -- .. :: --- ... --- --- OCS 509 8) C ... --- --- .. --- COC2 45.100 --- TOTAL OR ACCOUNT 16.333 1.300 --- GRATS OSTS 14.300 1.300 DEVOLOPNENT FUND FOR AFRICA 1.000 697-0235 AFRICA PRIVATS ENTERPRIS: FUN 2.000 2.000 €120-CE 3 ¿GIONAL TRANSPORT DIV. 111 693-0240 . REGIONAL TRANSPORT DIV. :v 693-0242 AGRICULTURE PACULTY DEVELOPMENT 1066-069 3 SPECIAL SELF-REL DEV-55 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 76.300 1.300 73.003 65.100 GRANTS 73,300 1.300 LCANS :00 IC SUPPORT UND 427 we Yo Marlon D31,00 11.00 412 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 121 02/34/37 FY OF SY O | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -TROUS PYSS- 03LIS. EXPEN- AT:ONS DITUROS -ACTUAL FY OBLI; EXPEN ATIONS DITURIS - 5STINATO #Y97- JULIO EXPIV STIONS DITURIS -DROPOSED TV 88 OSLIO OPEN ATIONS DITUR! 149 140 140 3 27 87 OCAL COST SUPPORT -SO. AFRICA REG. 63-0063 --- --- 12.623 --- --- 12.661 -.. 162 --- 12.623 12.565 78 82 8.000 7,929 --- --- --- 71 --- --- 0,320 3.000 80 C 6,038 1.353 3 4,353 2.237 956 1,200 --- 1.00 .. 675 317 500 9 --- 709 --- 17,249 ... 5,356 --- 31 92 633 L 6.129 --- 6,127 17,249 17.300 82 4,831 2,790 3.000 1,35 4,250 1.000 כככ.2 11.331 1.831 37 2.672 64 175 775 1.025 1.150 3,447 6.300 35 כככ.3 373 1.336 כנג,1 3.000 3.000 --- 1.939 1.955 169 --- 71 2.373 2.232 33 3 1.303 926 --- 1.065 509 900 500 2.693 1.943 --- 2.087 16,300 2.69 ... 6,550 --- 2.230 BUREAU FOR AFRICA 693 SOUTHERN AFR RES PROJECT NO. AND TITLE .)-000A 376 32 DEVELOPINT TRNG FOR SOUTHERN AFRICANS 693-007 SOUTHERN PERINSTER ROAS 699-026 SOUTNERN AFRICA PUNG MANAGEMENT/RESEARCH 32 36 693-0207 3 4 ORICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT 1.175 1.175 695-5209 TRANSPORT AND STORAG! DEVELOPMENT 695-0213 3 TRAINING OF DISADVANTAGE SOUIN AFRICANS 690-0215 SADCC TECHNICAL SUPPORT 67)-0220 3 33 ENTREPRENEURIAL TRNG/DISADV. 53. APR. 695-0222 ; 3330 UNIVERSITY PREPARATION PROGRAN 670-0223 LABOR UNION TRAINING FOR SOUTH AFRICANS 93 $5 3 699-0224 RESIONAL SOK MUNNILLET RESEARCM 16,300 16.800 dan 428 CM, 10th *. a. 22:21 413 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS CIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGO 02:04187 CP 6 -THROUGM FY 35- OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY6- OBLIG EXPIN- ATIONS OITURES -9 STIMATED PY87- JBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUROS -PROPOSODYS.- OBLI:- SKEN- ATXONS I TURIS 1.500 .. 335 300 860 6.000 *.000 1.163 1.360 2. 10.540 .. 2.000 287 os 12.15a 12.540 13.040 590 423 200 72 --- 200 125 77 59 15 2 SO 325 90 50 700 1.000 --- --- --- --- 10.500 --- --- 7.587 2,13 3 36 85 13,500 10,500 --- --- --- --- 500 --- 1,500 375 1.500 1.500 --- --- --- 2.000 --- 2.300 37 2.000 33 --- ... --- 9.000 --- 5.00 87 95 7.000 --- ... --- --- --- --- 36.003 --- כככ,25 10.000 --- 57.000 35 --- ... --- --- 500 --- --- 07 91 200 3 553 935 S90 )ין,1 676 ככו 3 1.700 500 7 C --- ... 3.078 423 750 2.527 998 503 30 C 750 429 SUR LAU POR APRICA SOUTMERN APR RIS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L PY OP SY OP INITIAL FINAL OOLIG OLI: LOP PLANNID AUTN) 1.500 1.500 693-0223 REGIONAL AGRI. RESEARCH COORDINATION 690-0230 G SOUTN AFRICA BURSARIIS PROGRAM 13.360 10,360 693-0231 G 05 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT 899-0234 IMPROV SLAYNTYRE TETE-MARAR: ROAD 700 709 690-0235 35 APRICA PRIVATE ENTERPRISE SUNS 69)-0237 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT II 6?)-0233 3 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEV. II (TA) 693-0239 3 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEV. III 693-0240 3 REGIONAL TRANSPORT DEV. IV 691-0243 3 97 SO. AFRICA REGIONAL INITIATIVE 69 )-0308 SECONDARY SCHOLARSMIPS ACHER TRNG 693-9801 HUMAN RIOTS FUN) 693-9901 SPECIAL SELF-HELP DEV-ESF den Podenco-Alch 31,10m od on the therland dete anton 31, 10th You 414 SURKART ON ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 123 02/06737 BUREAU FOR APRICA SOUTNERN AFR RES CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OP FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLI: OBLIG LOP PLANNZD AUTNO -TMROUGN FYS- DOLIG- EXPEY- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FT 86- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMAT! FY37- JOLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS - PROPOSE PY!- OBLIS- EXEN- ATIONS OITURES 9.213 50.34 57,394 37.517 --- 639 4.120 6,127 SECURITY SUPPORTIN: ASSISTANCE 78 6 82 25.000 22.755 --- --- 1.373 1,372 26.000 20.000 7 2.374 2.31 - --- 55 2.374 2.374 OOO 1,373 --- 1,427 1,627 ODO --- 13,165 40.306 59.882 73.00 95.667 639 6.123 4,127 430 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.147 45,047 20.475 9.351 60.306 61,512 36.544 133.336 11.. 356 GRANTS 76,893 36571 23.675 166.587 97.066 17.269 17.300 LOANS 17.269 8.356 690-0076 SOUTHERN PERIMETER ROAD 690-0083 3 77 SOUTHERN AFRICA ACADENIC AND SULL TRNS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 29,376 25.076 23.374 29.374 GRANTS 29.374 25.076 1,373 23.374 23.374 LOANS --- COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 136,349 73.375 31,475 13, 303 50.306 64.010 73,000 89.594 31 9.638 162.265 GRANTS 117. 100 70.019 31,475 302.339 146.965 17.269 17.329 LOANS 17,249 8.356 den P-Adre ed 31,00dentro 31, PVR FUTOT 415 ROO 69-533 0 - 87 - 14 SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL unding AGRO PLANNED FROON Regional Agriculture Faculty DEV. Development OBLIGATION FUND FY Number 690-0242 1988 Population D NEW ED. & HR Tule of Project Funding 2.000 Sel. Act In de obligation 5.000 Estimated Fine Obligation 60 GRANT LOAN Estimated Completion CONTINUING FY 1988 Date of Project PURPOSE: FY To expand and improve the capability of selected 1990 FY 1993 faculties of agriculture in Southern Africa to train agricultural Research) directs has recently been expanded to include agricultural training. professionals. Under the on-going SACCAR and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropica PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Agriculture, including food production, (ICRISAT) projects progress is being made to establish regional accounts for the primary economic activity in the SADCC region. agricultural research networks and develop improved varieties of Fifty to eighty percent of the population and labor force in basic food grains. This project is part of the regional agricultural strategy to reinforce the capacity of member States member States derive their livelihood from the agricultural to feed their people, to provide productive employment, to reduce sector. As a group these countries have imported over one food dependence on South Africa and to mobilize the capacity of million tons of food grain annually during the past decade. the agricultural sector to speed up the economic transformation Improved agricultural productivity can be achieved through of SADCC member economies. technological change, market incentives, research, planning and a supportive policy environment. One essential step 1s the training HOST COUNTRY AND OTHER DONORS: The European Economic Community of agricultural personnel. and Finland are assisting with training in veterinary sciences and forestry. The Germans, Canadians and Dutch have been The Agriculture Faculty Development project will focus on assisting with regional agricultural research programs. Seven regional aspects of agricultural education through the provision Faculties of Agriculture and two Colleges of Agriculture in the of support to university research, teaching and linkages to SADCC region are being supported by member States. agricultural production. Sharing of regional agricultural research and agricultural policy analysis findings that can be BENEFICIARIES: The agricultural producers of the region will incorporated into agricultural curricula will be an laportant benefit from the improvement of technical and managerial component of this activity. resources to implement agricultural programs. Scholarships and fellowships to support regional specialization MAJOR OUTPUTS: Outputs will include faculty scholarships and will be provided under this project, and institution building fellowships directed at sharing regional agricultural research grants will be made to selected faculties which can serve as policy analysis, curricular development and specialization. regional centers for a particular discipline. This institution Faculties and staff with accepted and functioning regional building support will include staff development and physical specialization will be a principal output of the project. improvements at selected faculties. A.I.D. FINANCED INPUTS: LIFE OF PROJECT RELATIONSHIP OF PROJECT TO A.I.D. COUNTRY STRATEGY: Two (3000) Interrelated components, research and training, of the Southern Scholarship, fellowships 2,000 Africa regional food and agricultural strategy up to the year - Staff training 1,000 2000 will be further strengthened by the proposed project. The - Regional workshops & seminars 500 regional agricultural research coordinating role that SACCAR - Physical plant improvement 1,500 (Southern Africa Center for Coordination of Agricultural Total 5.000 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 To be selected Estimated Fiscal Year 1986 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort Propowd Fiscal Yee 1988 2.000 3,000 5,000 431 AD 3707 (11-05) 416 Africa Regional 433 TE B 417 AFRICA REGIONAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 93,044 b/ 99,051 el FY 1988 (Request) 93,044 (20,433) 99,051 (21,463) 82,200 Development Assistance Loan Grant of which Sahel Development Fund Economic Support Fund Loan Grant of which Sahel Other TOTALS 1,655 1,655 (678) 70,581 d/ 165,280 99,051 82,200 82,432 6,176 4,617 P.L 480 Title Title Il al cl 82,432 6,176 4,617 TOTALS 247,712 b/d/ 105,227 86,817 See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Program. b) Above total includes $3,091,528 of deobligated funds from FY 1985 and $1,259,153 deobligated from FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $4,350,681 in FY 1986. d Includes programs for Angola, Benin and Ethiopia. d African Famine Supplemental. el Includes $2,774,000 in Sahel Development Program prior year funds. FY 1988 84 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 85 84 Foreign National 51 51 51 TOTALS 135 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IC personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear - 2,087 hours. 135 434 418 AFRICA REGIONAL Introduction 11 The Africa Regional Program serves 46 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, addressing common problems that require coordinated action on a broader scale than bilateral efforts. Assistance to regional institutions and programs, coordinated where possible with other donors to maximize benefits fron liited and resources, is an effective means of approaching development problems that are common to large portions of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is in the interest of the United States to promote cooperation among African states and donors to deal with such 188ves as drought, pest infestations (1.e., locust/grasshopper lavasions), rapid population growth and environmental degradation. . Regional objectives are: to identify regional problems that inhibit economic and technical cooperation and rational utilization of scarce resources; to strengthen the institutional and resource capabilities of selected African regional organizations to deal with the identified problems; to facilitate regional and multi-donor linkages in areas where loter-country networks are essential, as in the case of agricultural research; to provide direct support to A.I.D. bilateral missions where similar problems and economies of scale favor a regional umbrella approach, as 10 the case of general training and childhood communicable diseases and; to address problems which cross national boundaries and must be dealt with regionally, such as the onchocerciasis control program. In addition to projects aimed at these objectives, the Africa Regional Program also includes general support activities: funds for program development and design; private sector development activities; the Special Self-Help Development Activities fund which demonstrates U.S. Interest in the welfare and self-help efforts of local communities; the Peace Corps Small Project Assistance program which finances small self-help activities at the community level; the African Strategic Studies project which addresses program 18sues that have broad significance within the Africa region; and the Human Rights Pund which seeks to expand the political, economic and social rights of the urban and rural poor. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomp11shments to Date In agriculture, the Africa Bureau strategy stresses policy reform, research, dissemination of technology, and related activities, with emphasis on small holders. The Africa Bureau's principal thrust in agriculture 18 through bilateral programs. The Regional Program provides support to the bilateral effort by strengthening national and regional research Institutions which have the potential to help increase 435 419 NUCA ROCIONAL 588 12-holder productivity. This is done chiefly through the co-financing af projects with other donors under the Cooperation for Development la Africa (CDA), a group made up of seven Westem donors, and the Special Program for African Agricultural Research (SPAAR), which is led by the World Bank. The Regional Program also assists agricultural production through efforts in rice research and semi-arid food grains research networking, pre-investnent study grants to the African Development Bank, fanine early waming, development of private enterprise, training and small-scale assistance activities. The Strengthening African Agricultural Research (SAAR) project (698-0435), la collaboration with African regional and national research organizationa and other CDA member governments, has completed long-ten agricultural research plans for the Sahel and for Southern Africa, while Canada has completed a similar plan with East African countries. Selected activities to respond to these plans, such as research networking, root crops research and strengthening of faculties of agriculture, will be designed and Luplemented by A.I.D. and other donors. These activities will augment assistance currently being provided, such as training in agricultural research sanagement, research on farming systems and crop insect-resistance, and commodity improvement networks. This process provides excellent opportunities for policy dialogue anong donors and recipient countries. The Semi-arid Food Grains Research and Development II (SAPGRAD II) project (698-0452) addresses food production problems in 26 countries in the drought-prone, semi-arid regions of Africa and concentrates on the generation and dissemination of improved technology for millet, sorghum, naize and cowpeas. An evaluation in 1984 identified major accomplishments of SAPGRAD I, including development of drought and peat resistant varieties and luportant moisture conservation practices. The program emphasis of SAPGRAD II 18 the networking of national programs involved in research and application of improved technology for the above crops. Technology developed with partial SAFGRAD support at two international agricultural research centera, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropica (IQISAT), 18 being fed into the networka. Center personnel assist in setvork coordination. The Parine Early Warning Systems (FEWS) project (698-0466) will provide decision makers with early warning and targeting of nutritional emergencies in Africa, provide advice and technical assistance to nascent African early varning systems and coordinate with other international and national early varning ayateme. Monthly reports are currently published in air-to-eight countries, Integrating sociomeconomic data with the more traditional physical and agro-meteorological data. Major FEWS activities will loclude: collection and reporting of country-level data from the field in five-to-aix countries; analysis/interpretation of data and publication of reports; and strengthening of the capacity of national early warning lostitutions to provide tibely and credible early warning indicatora. 436 420 AFRICA REGIONAL The Natural Resources and Energy Management 1n Africa project (698-0467) will be initiated in FY 1987 as a successor to the Energy Initiatives for Africa project (698-0424) and the Environmental Training and Management for Africa project (698-0427). The new project will provide technical assistance to A.I.D. missions and host countries in support of policy dialogue and the design and implementation of natural resource and energy activities. 建​划 ​CUT 12283 TELE 233 The African Private Enterprise Fund project (698-0438) provides economic, business and management consultants and other technical services to improve national business climates and stimulate private enterprise development. The project, which also receives Selected Development Activities (SDA) funds, has placed teams in Madagascar, Guinea, Mauritania and other African countries to review business climate factors and propose ways that A.I.D. missions, country governments and private African firme can expand business growth. In FY 1987 the African Emergency Locust/Grasshopper Assistance project (698-0517, 625-0517) will begin providing technical assistance and financial support for control activities in approximately 15 African countries which have recently suffered from ma for locust/grasshopper infestations. The African Strategic Studies project (698-0507) 18 addressing key research and analytic 1ssues in African development through study grants and contracts. Studies undertaken to date include policy options for African river basin development, strategies for implementing African small-scale Irrigation efforts and magnitudes of food gaps in key African countries. RE tease Under the African Development Bank II project (698-0434), A.I.D. finances grants for the preparation of pre-investment studies by U.S. finns, which may lead to African Development Bank investments in the agriculture/rural development sector. Eligible countries that have Peace Corps programs receive support from the Peace Corps Small Project Assistance program (698-0506) for projects in such areas as food production, small-scale enterprise, education and health. Projects will be identified and implemented by Peace Corps volunteers who are knowledgeable about local conditions and have established working relationships at the community level. The Bureau's population planning strategy is focused on assistance in developing, in close collaboration with host governments, population policies and implementation programs to reduce population growth through voluntary family planning projects. This strategy responds to, and has furthered, a remarkable rise in the awareness and acceptance by African governments of the need for family planning. “上位​”产 ​The Family Health Initiatives II (FHI II) project (698-0462), authorized in FY 1986, 18 a follow-on to the FHI I project which began in FY 1980. It provides assistance to demographic studies, family planning services, and information and education programs in sub-Saharan Africa. This includes support for country-specific initiatives as well as for multicountry 437 421 MICA REGIONAL activities managed by U.S.-based service providers. The first major taltlative under FHI II 18 a progran to consolidate and expand population 1881stance activities in Nigeria. In the area of health, the Africa Bureau focuses on programs and projects which address child survival. Such activities include immunization, oral Tehydration therapy (ORT), autrition, birth spacing and presumptive treatment of malaria, as well as participation in multilateral efforts to address endemic African health problens such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), onchocerclasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis (bllbarzia) and dracuncullasis (guinea vorm). Comtry-specific and regional projects in child survival will be designed to address health problens individually or in clusters, as a means of Institutionalizing sound prin:ry health care measures within ministries of health. As these measures achieve results, the program can be expanded to cover other health problems. the regional program has as its primary vehicle the African Child Survival Initiative - Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (ACSI-CCCD) project (69-0421) which seeks to reduce Infant and child mortality. Currently, prograns are under way in 13 countries with the Centers for Disease Control (CC) providing management and technical personnel. The findings from a veries of country-level and project-vide evaluations have formed the basis for nodifications, such as greater use of nase bedia in health education, establishment of simplified indicatore demonstrating project results upon beneficiaries, greater emphasis on management training, and design of cost recovery plans to assist host countries in sustaining project activities after A.I.D. financing terminates. la 1987 the Health Training and Managenent Initiatives project (698-0470) will begia a comprehensive effort to institutionalize training support for health and child survival programs in the region. Through child survival activities the Africa Bureau will seek to reduce the bigh Infant and child mortality rates in Africa. An important element of this program 18 oral rehydration therapy (ORT), a relatively inexpensive method of restoring body fluids and salts lost during attacks of diarrhea. The World Health Organization estimates that five million children die each year of diseases preventable by immunization. ACSI-CCCD (698-0421) 18 also a vehicle for support of in-country training to waistries of health to carry out disease control programs and for provision of vaccines, rehydration salts, choloroquine and the necessary equipment and supplies to deliver these services to the population. Cost recovery mechanisms for health care delivery are designed into each project. In countries being served, recent data indicate that inaunization tates have climbed 24%, with ORT being provided in 60% of government clinice. da Africa Regional Child Survival Support project (698-0469) will be developed to enhance child survival through specialized activities, 438 422 AFRICA REGIONAL including financing of local production and social marketing of oral rehydration salts, social marketing of Immunization services, improvement of rural water supplies and support for nutrition efforts such as child growth monitoring. In education and human resources development, the Africa Bureau strategy Identifies four areas of program emphasis: primary education, non-formal education, skills training, and the development of African training institutions that serve more than one country. The emphasis of the Regional Program in this sector 1s participant training and institutional development, aimed at expanding the reservoir of technical expertise in Africa and providing better managers for the development process. The Human Resources Development for Africa (HRDA) project (698-0463) supports short and long-term training in the United States for about 300 new and 300 continuing participants, and training in Africa for about 450 participants. Public and private sector training 18 geared to A.I.D. and host-country priority programs. Many of the returned participants assume important positions in their respective Institutions, facilitating technological transfer and influencing policy. The African Graduate Fellowship Program III (AFGRAD III) (698-0455) funds graduate training la U.S. schools for qualified men and women to staff key African development Institutions. In addition to graduate fellowships, APGRAD III Includes B.A. and B.S. degree training in the United States for students from seven small countries in Africa which have very limited post-secondary national training capacity and, for various reasons, have difficulty placing students for undergraduate training in other African countries. Approximately 700 new students, including 530 graduate and 50 post-graduate scholars, will receive A.I.D. support for training at U.S. universities through academic year 1989-90. The universities will contribute tuition-free scholarships for the graduate students. The African Labor Development II project (698-0442) supports training programe, organizational development and related activities of the African-American Labor Center which cooperates with African trade unions to promote free labor movements in Africa. Activities in the energy and natural resource sanagement area support the Africa Bureau's priorities of economic policy reform, agricultural productivity and human resource development. The Bureau's emphasis is on Belected problems: desertification and deforestation, energy inefficiencies in the agricultural sector, high oil-import dependencies, increasing biomass depletion, and energy factors in the deteriorating quality of 11fe. The Regional Program promotes agro-forestry activities, Institutional strengthening in energy and forestry and increased understanding of fuelwood and energy markets and pricing. The program also explores issues related to African agriculture, as es human resource needs in the energy sector, fosters Improvements in energy policy and planning by African governments, assists in development and management of fuelwood resources and supports the dissemination of technological improvements. EHHI 439 423 FRICA REGIONAL To accelerate economic growth and private enterprise, Bureau policy 16 to stimulate and expand the dialogue with African states on macro-economic policies affecting performance of government and business sectors, encourage governments to consider alternatives to policies and regulations chat inhibit economic growth and encourage and assist African leaders to augsent the role of the free market by improving national business climates and expanding market facilities and small business activity. The Regional Progran supports this strategy through projects that provide technical assistance to integrate private enterprise elements into country policies and development programs, and to foster growth of self-sustaining, income- and job-producing private enterprise. The Africa Project Development facil1ty (698-0516), managed by the International Finance Corporation (IPC) and supported by a consortium of donors, vill work directly with private African entrepreneurs in their efforts to rehabilitate, expand or start businesses and find investment capital. This effort will complement the assistance provided under the African Private Enterprise Fund project (698-0438), The Regional Program also promotes local resident participation in the development process by assistance to strengthen small-scale cooperative savings and credit lastitutions. The World Council of Credit Unions 1s participating in this effort. The Sahel development program supports regiona. activities in the eight countries of the Sahel under a separate special account through 1987. Io early 1986, A.I.D. and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) evaluated the two earlier phases of the Sahel Water Data and Management concluded that the program 18 meeting target expectations and should be continued. Acknowledging the laportance of the AGRHYMET system from the standpoint of 1nstitutionalizing an "early warningcapability within Africa, A.I.D. plans to initiate a Phase III (625-0973) five-year extension. de and Based upon the results of an evaluation of the Sabel Regional Financial Management project (625-0950), a four-year Phase II (625-0974) effort began 10 TT 1986. Punding will support short- and long-term 10-country technical issistance, workshops and seninars for host country employees, and will develop an lastitutional capacity for improved f1scal management within host goveroment institutions. To continue to strengthen fanily planning in the Sahel, the Sabel Population Initiatives project (625-0969) has been a catalyst in developing Sabellan awareness and action in addressing population growth as an Integral component of national primary health care extension activities. After a favorable evaluation of the first two phases of the Onchocerciasis Control Program, A.1.D. agreed to fund a six-year Phase III 7625-0966) of tho laternational effort to reduce river blindness in the river basin areas of West Africa. 440 424 1 AFRICA REGIONAL 2:50PARTE Responding to the results of a 1985 evaluation of Sahel Manpower Development II, which recommended an increase lo tralning in Francophone African institutions and strengthening A.I.D.'s role in participant monitoring, A.I.D. has published a directory of relevant training programs in over 100 schools. Under the Phase III project, now called Sahel Human Resources Development III (SHRD III) (625–0977), A.I.D. will emphasize training Africans in Africa as a means to develop institutional capabilities of Francophone academic and technical schools, reduce cost s and encourage the training of wonen. 18 The Sahel Regional Aid Coordination and Planning Activity (625-0911) has provided the means to strengthen the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) and Club Secretariat's capacity for planning, coordination and policy analysis. In recognition of successes to date, and in response to the recommendation at the Club/CILSS Brussels Conference of 1984, the Sahel Regional Institutions project (625-0975) will provide continuing support to the Club and CILSS based upon a Donor Advisory Group's regular monitoring of Club and CILSS annual work plans. The Organization for Development of the River Senegal (OMVS) Planning and Policy Development project (625-0621) will finance studies needed to attract new lovestments in the river basin and to strengthen the capacity of the OMVS to plan and coordinate development of the Senegal River Basin. The African Private Enterprise Pund project (625-0971) will provide economic, business, and management consultants to improve national business climates and stimulate private enterprise development in the Sahel. PY 1988 Program The entire FY 1988 Regional Program consists of ongoing projects, including the Sahel Regional projects formerly submitted under the Sahel Development Program (SDP), except for the initiation of a follow-on project in remote seasing discussed below. Underlying the specific sectoral and project purposes of the program as discussed in the previous section is the objective of supporting A.I.D.'s bilateral programs through (a) a focus on multi-country problems and (b) the provision of cost-effective, centrally coordinated umbrella projects under which A.I.D. field missions may participate in common activities. To support the Africa Regional Program, the total request from the Development Fund for Africa (DPA) in FY 1988 18 $82,200,000. In FY 1988, funding is requested for the following ongoing projects in the agriculture, rural development and nutrition sector: Semi-arid Food Grains Research and Development II (SAFGRAD II) (698-0452), Strengthening African Agricultural Research (SAAR) (698-0435), AFGRAD III (698-0455), East Africa te Sensing II (698-0456), African Development Bank II (698-0734), Famine Early Warning Systems (698-0466), Natural Resources and Energy Management in Africa (698-0467), Peace Corps Small Project Assistance 698-0506), African Strategic Studies (698-0507), Sahel Water Data and Management (AGRHYMET) III (625-0973), Sahel Regional Institutions T625-0975), OMVS Planning and Policy Development (625-0621), and Africa 441 425 AFRICA REGIONAL Inergency Locust/Grasshopper Assistance (698-0517), and National Council for Negro Honen (698-0461). The new West Africa Remote Sensing II project (698-0457) succeeds the current Regional Remote Sensing (West Africa) project (698-0420). A.1.D. vill continue to support training for African technicians in remote sensing and survey techniques, production of images for users, and assistance to users in remote sensing technology. Puoding 18 requested for the following population planning sector activities in PY 1988: Family Health Initiatives II (698-0462), and Sahel Population Initiatives (625-0969). Bealth sector activities in FY 1988 will include: African Child Survival Iultiative - Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (698-0421), African Regional Child Survival (698-0469), Health Training and Management Initiatives (698-0470), and Onchocerciasis Control Program III (625-0966). Puds are requested for the following ongoing projects in the education and human resources sector: Human Resource Development for Africa (HRDA) 1898-0463), Sahel Human Resources Development (SHRD III) (625-0977), and African Labor Development II (698-0442). Punds are also requested for other ongoing development activities: Africa Project Development Facility (698-0516), African Private Enterprise Fund (698-0438), Sahel Regional Financial Management II (625-0974), Program Development and Support (698-0510), Special Self-Help Development Activities (698-9901), the Human Rights Fund (698-9801), and African Development Support (698-0464) Africa Bureau Office Director, Technical Resources: Keith W. Sherper 442 426 SUNNARY 0 ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAG! 126 02/04787 QUILAU FOR AFRICA AFRICA REGIONAL CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L PY OF PT OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANN! AUTMO -THROUGH FYS- OLIG- EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ESTIMATED FY87- OBLI EPIN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY!:- OOLIS- EXPEN- AT TONS OITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTITION 95 89 2.500 2.500 --- --- -.. --- --- 200 91 6,450 --- --- --- . --- .. 200 76 31 è.100 3.130 &.190 7.945 235 --- -.. ... --- --- L 76 13.000 13.30 10.000 9,463 -- ... --- .. --- --- 937 --- ... ... 35 4,810 4,810 6.310 6,726 $4 --- 31 6.500 4.530 4.500 3.138 --- . ... 1,452 --- --- 36 22.159 22.169 21.346 19,367 323 2.474 --- 928 --- ... 73 92 2.763 6.100 2.763 2.691 7 ... 65 --- 77 32 $10 6.935 6.310 3,945 --- --- ... 455 639 --- ... --- --- 195 ... 30 --- : 77 87 3,625 3.!75 3,375 2.589 --- 495 250 +06 250 --- $17 --- --- 443 625-0621 3 JAVS PLANNING AND OLICY DEVELOPMENT 623-0973 3 87 SANEL MATER DATA AND MONT. III 620-0203 ENTENTE FOOD PRODUCTION 622-023 ENTENTE 2003 PRODUCTION 626-0204 3 76 INTENTE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION II 625-0204 1 76 ENTENTE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION II 69$-0393 77 SENI-ARI) FOO GRAIN RESEARCH AND DEV 93-0407 IAPROVED RURAL TECHNOLOGY 693-0.10 3 ACCELERATED IMPACT PRIORA • 77 8 3.36 699-0414 REGIONAL REMOTE SENSIN (EASTERN AFRICA) 6.36 63-04 20 REGIONAL REMOTE SENSING (ESTERN AFRICA) 679-0429 8 31 TEST AFRICA RICE DEVELOPINT 11, ,759 3,433 2.230 2.796 כפכ,12 'mon Cu TY le oootor Doc "Ito -O. 427 AUUNns or ( ACTIVE ANO PoroseO POJECTS THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS OUR EAU POA APRICA oiro. APRICA REGIONAL CI SO PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L PY OP SY OP | INITIAL PINAL OILIO LOP PLANNED AUTNO -TMR DUGM PYOS- OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY66- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURES -ESTINATe var- OPLIT- EXPON- 4TIONS DI TURIS -IRAJ OscaOda- - 1160 9 EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES 91760 36 2.312 632 2.651 645 5.163 7.067 1.303 OCSL 93 1.000 006 1.000 1.500 1.000 2.900 2.900 28 9.023 5.238 6,959 ... 974 8.445 4.000 0009 22.706 17.302 262 600 450 --- 700 600 OS ODO --- --- 331 --- 1.213 --- 882 32 $2 1.213 1.213 -.. --- -- 5.203 2.500 --- 3.350 2.500 89 8.550 3,550 ... --- 642 --- --- 95 436 26 960 963 3 95 096 --- 1.900 286 3.350 1.000 --- 750 1.090 9 69 550 83 OCS 1.750 1.750 EAST AFRICA REMOTE SENSING II --- --- . -- 192 368 007 26 159 CO OSS OSS .. --- --- 25 כפ!,1 --- 1.300 ... 37 100 C6 --- --- --- .. COS 103 --- 200 ; 87 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT (TR) ... --- 1.120 --- --- ... 650 005 693-0433 G 92 AFRICAN MANPOWER DEVELOPNENT 693-0434 3 APRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK II 698-0435 3 STRENGTHENING AFRICAN AGRI. RESEARCH 06 So 693-0438 AFRICAN PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PUND 1.900 1.900 3 FARMING SYSTENS RESEARCH (CINNYT) 2590-369 3 SENI -ARID GRAIN RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT II 695-0456 CECAF 1.050 1,500 95 22 698-04SS APRICAN GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROG III 5.000 6.000 950-869 693-0461 3 NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR NEGRO ONEN 693-0463 S MUMAN RESOURCES DEV. FOR APRICA ; 3$ 35 693-0465 ISRAELI AFRICAN SUPPORT 1.12C 1.125 444 UPAJ 1 UAAVIAN! 18*AIN .. 11 ont 0 RE N****** ***** ****** 1840 waua 104 华语 ​1 ) 三​: 670 SUNNARY O. ACTIVE A FROmoseOJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -PROPOSED PYO- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED PY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 26 237 261 5.326 200 5.824 12.305 11.109 --- --- --- --- --- 1.273 3.395 26,676 22. SOS 300 27,176 27.176 --- --- ... --- --- 6,182 18.916 23,098 2.299 35 --- 23.098 23.100 --- 3.927 --- 824 709 7.353 81 BS 7.353 7.353 19 MEALTN CONSTRAINTS TO RURAL PRODUCTION 57 3,249 --- ... --- 3,325 3.325 9 77 82 621 --- 3 ACCELERATED INPACT PROGRAM 5,685 5.055 6,000 78 5.695 5.963 35 3 13.00 4,781 6,497 11.491 29,428 13,719 600 45.700 45.700 --- 79 5 . 200 10 880 --- --- 100 --- 175 300 --- --- --- --- BUREAU POR APRICA APRICA REGIONAL -THROUGH PY85- JOLIG- EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHD 1 PY OP PY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL BOLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 698-9701 6 7° C SPECIAL SELF-HELP POPULATION ACTIVITIES 6.550 11.454 2.434 6.951 11.109 18,305 51.555 42.000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 6,350 11.454 2.456 6.051 51.555 42.000 GRANTS LOANS HEALIN 698-0398 G 77 STRENGTHENING WEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEMS II 691-0399 676 ONCNOCERCIASIS CONTROL PHASE 692-0408 699-0410 693-0412 NEALTH INSTITUTIONS INPROVEMENT 122 (D) 698-0421 APR. CHILD SURVIVAL INITIATIVE-CCCD 880 1.045 691-0433 6 82 AFRICAN NANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 6 87 C APRICAN DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT (TR) 446 , 10.Nonto. 430 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 125 02/34/37 BUREAU FOR APRICA 698 AFRICA REGIONAL -ESTINATE FY37- OBLIG- SXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY98- 09LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES : 90 86 380 So 150 G 85 35 380 330 1.000 1.DOC 1.000 25 400 2 2.000 --- 2.000 750 --- 750 679-05 10 54 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TI C 1.78 665 1,333 1.052 1.151 550 --- 550 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- 10.769 66,918 15.634 16.641 3,232 16,393 10.768 --- --- --- CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 7? 2 11.710 11.710 --- --- 6.000 --- 7.713 1,500 --- 1.500 3 07 כי 1.300 --- --- : --- 1.800 500 --- 500 699-0510 . PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT II C . --- --- 99 40 --- 50 699-0513 AFRICAN MILD SURVIVAL --- --- 609 1,500 1.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- 4.000 609 9.50 3.540 --- 3.OSO 4.000 603 9.600 3.540 3.00 --- --- --- 447 addome. CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LEY OF Y OP 1 INITIAL INAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUIMD -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO EXP2N- ATIONS DITURES 693-0465 ISRAELI AFRICAN SJOPORT 693-0468 AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM (H7AF85) 699-0.70 3 37 TEALTH TRAINING 3 MANAGEENT INITIATIVE 115.577 115,061 97.363 34.518 15.634 16.541 9.232 15.999 GRANTS 115.597 115.061 97.363 LOANS 699-0421 AFR. CHILD SURVIVAL INITIATIVE-CCCO 98-0469 REGIONAL CHILD SURVIVAL SUPPORT 3.500 5,500 3.500 17.310 15,213 3.590 GRANTS 17.310 15.210 3.590 LOANS 'n Clarion Yo-Alk teda 21, PYN NO TITA ATTOP3 DETURES 431 129 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS CINTHOUSANDS OF DOLLAIS) BUREAU POR APRICA -PROPOS!? Y88- OBLIG- EXPON AT ONS DITURES -ESTINAT!Py87- BLIO- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES APRICA REGIONAL -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIS EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGH PY35 OSLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTMD L FY OP FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OLIS OSLIG PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 200 EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES 625-0977 S SAMEL MUMAN RESOURCES 111 93 7,025 7.025 205 --- --- 22.199 21.950 31 22.199 23.397 --- 450 350 6,750 0.350 1,200 7.200 --- 5.000 --- 4.000 7.286 5, 441 11,459 23.396 33,337 36.237 --- 2.000 2.225 3.500 4,250 3.523 4,221 904 -- --- 39 15.606 10,696 LOS --- ... 1,265 5.000 3.330 83 5.000 13.500 --- 1,700 1,205 3.000 4,248 350 7,578 7.593 --- 472 655 --- --- --- 472 455 36 937 1.500 ... 500 450 2.930 --- --- --- --- 2.930 87 92 100 ... 50 300 --- --- --- --- 97 C --- 317 500 1.096 917 1.323 1.003 1.502 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 11 693-0384 3 76 AFRICAN NANPOWER DEVELOPMENT ܪܐ 698-0405 G REGIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING 693-0433 582 AFRICAN MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT II 693-0442 . 35 AFRICAN LABOR DEVELOPMENT II 698-0453 : OPPORTUNITIIES INDUSTRIAL CENTERS INTERN 693-0455 i S 92 AFRICAN RADUATE FELLOWSHIP PROG III 3 85 695-0458 SUPPORT TO REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS II 693-0463 G MUMAN RESOURCES DIV. FOR AFRICA 693-0464 3 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT (TR) 691-0510 18 n, 432 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 1 30 02/04/17 CP 65 LOP PLANNID AUTNO -THROUGN FYS- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OOLI EXPEN ATIONS DITURSS -STIVATED PY97- OLIS- EXPEN 4TIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PY8 OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 15.764 16,103 9.372 10.775 20. 10.389 --- --- --- 100 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- . 97 3.000 --- --- --- --- 100 53 33 1.561 7.561 6.721 1.011 --- 5.630 ... ... 91 . --- --- ... --- --- 77 82 6,985 ..907 6.053 4,015 --- 62 798 0.615 13,193 8.917 6,426 1.170 --- 1.589 --- 433 -- --- --- --- 95 36 6,794 7.329 1.625 6.556 625 ... 230 --- 563 85 250 250 --- 250 S --- So --- 100 795 1.000 2.000 1.000 --- --- 85 0 1.104 1.000 336 90 241 300 250 100 den 449 B.10 BUREAU FOR AFRICA APRICA REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1 PY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G ODLIG OBLIG TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 7,612 107,153 58.973 51.416 13,764 14.103 9.372 10,775 10.339 GRANTS 97,412 107.153 58.973 51.616 LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!S .25-0976 6 96 SANEL PINANCIAL MANAGEMENT II 5.005 5.000 623-0975 2 SANEL RESIONAL INSTITUTIONS 695-0127 APRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 698-0340 . 72 ECONONIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA 691-0410 3 ACCELERATED INPACT PROGRAM 618-0413 SUPPORT TO REGIONAL JRGANIZATIONS 5.716 698-0424 . 82 36 ENERGY INITIATIVE POR AFRICA 6.916 13.500 3,740 1.130 1.206 1.70 693-0427 : ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING FOR AFRICANS 691-0433 82 APRICAN MANPOWER DEVELOPNENT 11 95 90 699-0436 3 APRICAN DEVELOPMENT SANK II 2.750 2.664 6.414 691-0438 AFRICAN PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PUND i-o.. 433 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROOSDROJE - (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLASS) C. 38 QUI EAW FOR APRICA -PROPOSED PYS.- OSLIG- 9XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OSLIG- ATIONS DITUSES APRICA REGIONAL -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 690 -THROUGN PY83- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO L PY OP PY OF I INITIAL INAL OBLIG OOLIS 200 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 5,500 50 87 91 2 50 200 350 250 250 350 947 528 1.026 306 --- 200 C 698-0510 3 PROGRAR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT II 500 700 ... OOO --- --- 89 700 87 --- 300 300 335 316 225 1.593 2.066 --- 1.300 1,300 698-9801 : 79 MUNAN RIONTS FUND FOR APRICA 1.700 1.903 4,776 DOC 5,197 8.914 6,776 3.916 5.107 --- --- --- 57.724 57,819 GRANTS --- --- --- --- LOANS 1.500 200 --- -- --- DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR AFRICA --- ... --- 35 2.300 2.500 500 2.500 --- --- --- 1.005 400 91 36 10.000 13.000 3 623-0966 ONCHOCERCIASIS CONTROL 1.003 200 88 1.000 1,000 100 6,450 2.500 91 . --- --- 89 691-0467 NAT'L RESOURCESTENERGY NAMAGENENT 691-0507 3 APRICAN STRATEGIC STUDIES 698-0516 : AFRICAN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FACILITY 1,721 9,706 8.696 698-9901 3 77 C SPECIAL SELF-HELP DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 7.188 3.087 38,861 49,499 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 57.724 57,819 7.139 8.097 38.261 625-0621 3 ONVS PLANNING AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT 623-0969 85 SAMEL POPULATION INITIATIVES 625-0973 87 SANEL MATER DATA AND NGNT. III 623-0976 6 SANEL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT II 5,700 6.700 450 ad 31.10FYddo 434 -- । । .! 1 . - . । . 1,609 1.090 100 . 459 250 *** . --- 1,500 1.500 + 491 EN :: 435 SUNNARY OP ACTIVe AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) C. $$ -PROPOSED FY36- OULIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURIS -ESTINATED PY87- Lii- EXPEN ATIONS DITUPES ACTUAL P786- OLIO EXP EN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTNO PY OP PY OP 1 INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG 2.500 609 400 36.200 1.000 --- --- 92 --- --- .. 87 --- --- 87 C .. 2.000 500 --- --- --- --- ... .. --- --- 559 13.000 2.500 --- --- --- --- 92 6 97 HANINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS 1.500 92 2.399 500 --- --- --- --- .. --- 5.200 37 93 2.033 250 : ... .. .-- --- --- --- 3.000 92 200 509 ... TEALTN TRAINING $ NANAGETENT INITIATIVE ... --- --- --- C 1.003 300 6 33 SNALL PROJECT ASSISTANC ET PEACE CORPS --- --- .. --- ... --- ... .. 0.550 2.000 G 34 89 AFRICAN STRATEGIC STUDIES --- ... ... 1.750 1.750 --- --- . 73? 201 C --- ... . 6 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT II --- 1.400 500 :7 2.000 23 AFRICAN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FACILITY --- --- --- --- --- 12.000 87 93 350 300 G APR:CAN EMERGENCT/LOCUST GRASSHOPPER --- --- --- ... ... .. ... -- 2.400 1.399 --- ... C 3 79 NUMAN RIONTS FUND POR APRICA --- 452 BUREAU FOR APRICA AFRICA REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 691-0463 3 MUMAN RESOURCES DEV. POR APRICA 3 AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT (TR) 691-0466 691-0467 NAT'L RESOURCES/ENERGY SANAGENENT 691-0459 REGIONAL CNILO SURVIVAL SUPPORT 698-0470 693-0506 693-0507 693-0510 691-0316 691-0517 691-9801 691-9901 3 77 C SPECIAL SELF-MEL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES modo coton PYcoba der YOU 436 SUNSARY 5 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 136 02/04787 BUREAU FOR AFRICA APRICA REGIONAL CP 80 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! L Y OF PY OF I INITIAL PINAL G OOLIS JBLIG LOP PLANNID AUTHD -THROUGH FY 35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY97- USLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED FY98 OBLI3- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- -- --- 82,200 21.549 LOANS ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- --- 375 --- --- 75 1 --- 100 86 --- --- 602 602 602 585 --- 17 --- ... --- --- 977 SSS --- 92 --- 100 977 585 92 100 LOANS --- 00 73.538 55.462 77,538 66,536 82. 200 74.668 DOO 200 1.999 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 234,624 9.930 GRANTS 256,624 96.930 82,200 21.569 691-0433 G 32 APRICAN NANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 375 500 693-0510 6 35 PROGRM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT II TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 977 1.102 GRANTS 977 1.102 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 739.921 375.710 335.611 243.390 73,568 55.462 77,536 63,553 32.200 76.668 GRANTS 321.111 231.089 725,421 556.210 16,500 16.500 LOANS 16,500 12.501 453 ondore ...to 437 OZIOSIO SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -PROPOSED FY98- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OILIG- EXPIN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN FYS- OSLIG- EXDEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNCO AUTND LPY OP PY OP I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OSLIG --- --- --- 113 151 --- 1.350 1.086 76 1.350 1.350 --- --- 113 --- 151 1.086 1.350 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.350 1.350 113 151 20 1.350 1.986 GRANTS 1.350 1.350 --- LOANS 1.555 ... 1,300 626 15,365 12.387 250 35 --- ... 15.865 15.865 6 81 GAMBIA RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT 1.000 750 OOO --- 87 87 1.000 1.000 --- 1,500 1.005 OOO 1.500 103 --- 2.000 85 89 3.500 3,500 --- --- 1.000 1.000 657 10.475 11.596 78 86 12.596 12.596 --- --- 55 --- ... --- 500 442 76 81 500 500 -- 522 1, 117 673 --- --- 4.315 6.932 6.932 6.32 2.394 4,533 6,000 --- 33,347 22.415 2.750 OOO 8S 33,347 33,347 2.400 2.136 2.965 3.906 31,432 27,458 SULLAU FOR APRICA SANEL REG PROGRAM PROJECT NO. AND TITLE SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 625-0913 6 NIGER RIVER BASIN DEV ANO PLANNING SANEL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAN 625-0012 625-0517 6 APRICAN EMERGENCY/LOCUST GRASSHOPPER 623-0621 8 ONYS PLANNING AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT 625-0911 SANEL RE: AID COORDINATION AND PLANNING 623-0915 G SIGER RIVER BASIN DEN AND PLANNING 625-0927 S 77 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 625-0920 78 REG. FOOD CROP PROTECTION-IP 79 C 623-0929 6 PLANNING, MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH NY Nh ad 438 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGS 116 02/04787 BU 2 LAU FOR AFRICA 625 SANEL REG PROGRAM CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LPY OF FY OR 1 INITIAL FINAL . OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM) -TMROUGM PYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY36 03LIS- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- JBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSSO E798- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 79 82 9.621 8.747 213 --- 651 79 7,621 9.21 3,230 3230 32 3.230 2,677 39 154 35 1.000 4,259 700 1,237 D. 1.500 625-0940 3 32 SANEL MATER DATA AND NGNT. 1 1.700 7.730 704 30 33 310 310 210 --- 103 --- --- --- --- 310 95 6.714 6716 355 --- 789 --- 5.570 --- --- 0,714 35 7,476 4.963 309 --- 625-0930 5 92 REGIONAL PINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2.609 313 7.785 7.735 --- --- : 95 13.335 1,819 5.775 19,335 1 3.335 --- 5.000 5.741 6 84 750 217 750 750 533 --- --- --- --- 3 1.057 1.057 1.057 11 150 300 --- 400 --- --- --- --- .. --- G INVS GROJNDWATER MONITORING 83 97 6.651 6,651 6,651 419 1.00 1.000 1.000 --- ... 3 93 SANEL MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 11 85 12,649 12.650 12.649 5,211 --- 2.66 3.500 1,278 3 3485 2.300 359 2.300 2.300 1.073 --- 1.500 --- 573 5 91 --- --- 5.300 5.000 --- 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.559 --- ... 527 272 --- 255 --- 105 ... 455 623-0936 G SANEL MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 623-0937 3 ACCELERATED IMPACT PROGRAMS (SANEL) 625-0942 ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT 625-0944 382 NIGER RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT 625-9955 MANANTALI RESETTLENENT &25-0956 ENERGY INITIATIVES 625-0957 OAVS AGRIC RESEARCM 625-0958 625-0760 625-0963 JRAL REKTORATION THERAPY-PRITECH 625-0966 INCNOCERCIASIS CONTROL G 96 36 625-0967 DRAL REMYDRATION CCCO 527 527 wide PY n, coba 439 AGE 22/04/7 SUMMARY •CTIVE AMO ROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS CP 3 POR AFRICA SUR LAU -PROPOSEO PY38- OSLIT- EXEN- ATIONS DITUROS SANEL REO PROZRAN -ESTINATIO FY97- BLIS EXPEN ATIONS DITUES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EIPEN ATIONS DITURES 625 -THROUGH PYSS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO • 1.000 L FY OF PY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 700 1.177 392 1,620 399 881 1.600 1.300 88 3.678 2.501 3,464 981 623-0969 3 55 SANEL POPULATION INITIATIVES 625-0970 35 SANEL POLICY PROJECT 200 37 100 91 250 250 300 500 500 625-0971 3 AFRICA PRIVATE ENTERPRISE FUND 200 620 600 --- 700 : 86 87 1,200 1.200 2.550 100 625-0972 SAMEL APGRAD III --- --- 1.300 2.550 91 1.309 2.500 26 2.300 590 39 5.300 5.300 500 --- --- --- --- 1.000 --- --- --- --- 1.000 1.000 37 91 500 39 4.500 3.675 50 90 7,975 7.975 50 SO 625-0977 5 SANEL MUSAN RESOURCES III 225 147 95 --- 500 G 79 C HUMAN RIGHTS PUND FOR APRICA 600 600 769 697 3.564 3,932 80 C --- 23,201 SPECIAL SELF-HELP DEV-SAMEL 27,785 21.463 39,978 110.918 20.433 192,263 23.231 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 180.036 175,310 38,978 21.453 27,785 20,433 --- 110,918 102,263 GRANTS --- 180.036 175,310 --- --- LOANS --- --- --- 123 550 678 --- 623-0973 S 97 SAMEL NATER DATA AND MONT. III 625-0974 3 36 SANEL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT II 625-0975 2 SAMEL REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS 625-9801 625-9901 ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND 36 36 673 678 625-0929 5 PLANNING, MANAGETENT AND RESEARCH 456 OMD81,16 ncoba doc Mohd 害 ​. PA 11 441 TAG, RD EN FLANEONOGRAMUARY GEET POSED OBLIGATION West Africa Remote Sensing II DFA flech FY 1988 400 Like of Project Funding Population ED. & HR Sel. Act 3.500 In de obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion 6:7 GRANT LOAN CONTINUING Date of Project FY 1988 FY 1992 FY 1993 Purpose: To enhance the viability of the West African Regional Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Regional Strategy: It 18 Remote Sensing Center (CRTO) by making institutional Laprovements consistent with A.I.D.'9 strategy in support of agricultural focused on staffing, marketing and financing. development, drought and famine early warning, and improved natural resource management. Background: Since 1979, under project 698-0420, A.I.D. has assisted the West African Regional Remote Sensing Center (CRTO) Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries include the staff of CRTO and located in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, to provide the countries of up to 100 participants annually who are technicians in planning, West Afica with the ability to use remote sensing technologies for water development, mining, agriculture and forestry. Indirect development purposes. CRTO offers training programs in remote beneficiaries include the people of the region who will benefit sensing and survey techniques, assistance with natural resource from early warning and improved planning in natural resource surveys, products, photographs and images. CRTO serves 14 member utilization. countries of West Africa, non-member countries in the region, donors and investors. Host Country and Other Donors: Member states contribute to the financing of CRTO, and income derives from the sales of services An evaluation of the project is underway. Findings indicate and products in the region. As is true of most remote sensing continued high-quality photo work and progress in Africanizing facilities of this type, however, CRTO is not self-sufficient. staff but a need for additional training and management France is a major contributor to the center and also provides improvements. By mid-1986 CRTO had trained 221 Africans, assisted technical assistance and financing for training programs. German in over 50 applications projects and effectively supported the and World Bank support are planned. Introduction of remote sensing to West Africa. The appropriate nature of future support to CRTO - whether indirect and Major Outputs: Improved capacity and services provided by CRTO task-oriented through other projecte, direct and institutional, or and greater demand and support from its regional membership a combination of the two -- is being considered with other donors resulting in a greater contribution to sanagement of agricultural in light of the importance of remote sensing to famine early and natural resources in the area. warning, agricultural development and natural resource planning. Below is the current conception of continued Institutional support. A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life of Project ($000) Project Description: This project will focus on African Technical Assistance 1,500 hnician staffing, improvements in management and in marketing Training and Training Support 1,000 of products and services, and ways to increase funding from CRTO'S Equipment and Supplies 1,000 member states. It will provide technical assistance for the photo lab, for training CRTO staff and clients and for improving Total 3,500 management and marketing/promotion of the center's services, Material and equipment for production of satellite imagery will also be provided. U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligation Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 West African Regional Remote Sensing Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Center (CRTO) Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yer 1988 3,500 458 ding Number 698-0457 X NEW AZRICA REGIONAL 400 3,100 AID 370 7 (11-85) 442 Africa Economic Policy Reform 459 ใช10. 443 AFRICAN ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM PROGRAM Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1987 (Actual (Estimated) FY 1986 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Lom Grmt Development Fund 45,000 47,850 27,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grmt Other 45,000 TOTALS 47,850 a 27,000 45,000 P.L 480 Tide 1 Tide 11 TOTALS 47,850 27,000 45,000 al Funds were made available from AEPRP and were reallocated to the following programs: Guinea $10 million, Senegal $15 million, Togo $7.85 million, and Zaire $15 million. 460 444 AFRICAN ECONOMIC POLICY REPORM PROGRAM 2 A.I.D.'s assistance strategy in Africa 18 based on the belief that a fundamental cause of economic stagnation in Africa has been the practice of most African states of following unsound economic policies. These policies derive from a belief that economic development is best achieved when it is closely guided and directed by the State. The result has been highly regulated, inflexible economies which have not only wasted resources through unsound investments, but have stifled human initiative by providing inadequate Incentives for work, investment and risk-taking. As a result Africa's economies have experienced neither growth nor equity. Econonic restructuring is the centerpiece of our assistance effort helping African governments restructure their econonies to make them more open, more liberal, more decentralized, more flexible. And the centerpiece of our econonic reform program is the African Economic Policy Refom Program (AEPRP). The AEPRP, a new initiative to help African countries refon policies which were causing economic stagnation, was announced by the President in 1984, with an PY 1985 program level of $75 aillion. - GA One of the most important aspects of the AEPRP 18 that country allocations are separate from normal budgetary procedures. This allows us to develop fairly sizable, discrete prograns which are additional to normal budgetary levels. Por example, the FY 1985 programs in Malavi, Zambia, Mali, Rwanda and Mauritius led to a doubling of the total assistance levels (including P.L. 480) lato those five countries. Such a dramatic change in funding leads to the AEPRP being highly valued by recipient countries. The following criteria were developed for determining the types of programs that could be designed for the AEPRP. 1) Programs were to be preferably non-projectized; 2) Programs could be developed in any sector, as long as there was an laportant relationship to A.I.D.'s strategic objectives; 3) All programs would be designed so as to assist in the laplementations of key policy changes. As for country selection criteria, the AEPRP was to be limited to those countries with a demonstrated commitment to policy reform. Excluded, because they were already receiving a large share of U.S. assistance, were the four largest recipients of u.s. assistance (Sudan, Somalia, Kenya and Liberia). The application of the country selection criteria led to the development of a list of 16 countries that were eligible for the first tranche of assistance: 461 445 AFRICAN ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM PROGRAM Mali Cameroon Zambia Ghana Senegal Madagascar Malari Botsvana Guinea Uganda Zimbabwe Mauritius Niger Zaire Rwanda Togo As originally planned, $75 aillion was allocated in PY 1985 to five AEPRP prograns; budget stringencies limited A.I.D. to four programs totaling $47.85 million 10 PY 1986 and an expected three programs totaling $27 million in PY 1987. The existing programs are: POLICY ARBAS COST IN MILLION $ Zambia Mall Malavi Ruanda Mauritius PY 1985 25.0 18.0 15.0 12.0 5.0 Agricultural Marketing Public Pinance Fertilizer Subsidies Industrial Incentives Trade Policy Senegal laire Quinea Togo PY 1986 15.0 15.0 10.0 4.8 Tar and Tariff Reform Trade Reform Agricultural Laput Marketing Export Liberalization AEPRPs have several common characteristica: (a) they are designed to be fast-disbursing progran assistance, once conditionality 18 net; (b) disbursements are tranched, with periodic disbursements based on the meeting of certain policy reform conditions; and (c) they are alaed at helping governments laplement policy reform through the use of technical assistance and the programming of dollars and local currency counterparts. Most programs are undertaken la a multi-donor framework, often la conjunction with the Implementation of World Bank Structural Ad jus taent Credits (SACs). Despite these laportant similarities, each AEPRP 18 a discrete prograa, tailored to the problems and prospects of each recipient country. It 18 much too soon to evaluate the performance of the ABPRPs. Since the first set were obligated in September 1985, we have barely 18 months' experience. The FY86 AEPRP began laplementation only last fall. Given the political costs and the difficulty of laplementation, policy reform efforts in Africa have not followed a mooth one directional path. There have been some setbacks. Moreover, ve have learned that some programs were too complicated, 462 446 AFRICAN ECONOMIC POLICY REFORM PROGRAM with too many reforms and very difficult laplenentation requirements, while others had conditionality that was too general. of the nine programs in place, five (Malawi, Mali, Zaire, Togo and Senegal) are proceeding successfully, two (Guinea and Mauritius) are proceeding somewhat more slowly than we had hoped, and two (Zambia and Rwanda) may be in need of substantial restructuring. Among the accomplishments to date: successive reductions in fertilizer subsidies in Malawi; tax reform and laproved Investment climate 1o Mali; tariff refon in Mauritius; reduction of controls on agricultural exports in Togo. By and large, we are pleased with recipient country responses. We knew that these programs would be high-risk, high-galo propositions. But they are designed with a very laportant monitoring and evaluation component which would allow for sufficient flexibility in revising the program. Africa Bureau Assistant Administrator: Mark L. Edelman 1 463 447 AG: 135 02/04/7 BUREAU POR APRICA -PROPOSED YO8- OOLI:- EXDEN- ATIONS OITURES APLICA ECONOMIC POLICY REPORN PROGRAM -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUG PYSS- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PY OP FY OP LOP INITIAL PINAL PLANNED OBLIG JOLIG AUTND PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 45.000 --- --- SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES --- --- 69-533 0 . 87 - 15 95 C 11 45.000 691-0511 3 APRICAN ICONONIC POLICY LEPOLN PROGRAN --- 43.000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT GRANTS LOANS 45.000 45.000 --- --- --- --- --- 45,000 45,000 ... --- --- 45.000 65.000 --- --- 27.00 --- --- --- .. e 27.000 27.000 --- 27,000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 000 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) DEVELOPMENT PUNO POR AFRICA 85 C 691-0511 APRICAN ECONONIC POLICY REPORN PROGRAM TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT GRANTS LOANS 27.000 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND 6 85 691-0311 APRICAN ECONONIC POLICY ROPORN PROGRAM 27,000 GRANTS LOANS M.Yobt 800 OOO ... LOANS 90.000 COO'S 27,000 GCO21 ... GRANTS 90.000 ... COCOS 27.000 27.000 TOTAL COUNTRY TOTAL ATIONS OITURES OITURES OITURES SNOILU .:1760 -Noli -51180 .OGAGaso.out. Nix SNOT AV -1110 AUTNO -NICI SauniiO SNOSTI •NI II -91160 •STITATUD 787- 1160 91100 . TVNT. 111 INI 1 • ACTUAL PII 6- CINNV10 101 AND TITLE INROUSN FYIS Y OP 'T OP ON srcu CP 35 APRICA ECONOMIC POLICT REPJIN POSRAN COO SUR CAN FOR APRICA 29/90/20 136 PAGE (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) sirovo ci$0401. GNV JATI JO MANOS 449 Terminating Program 467 450 Benin 469 MA 451 FY 68 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FORE I GN TRADE (680) BENIN COUNTRY: MAJOR EXPORTS .) (1985) on •BASIC DATA નર 26 (1984) 0% (1960) 4.189 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS X OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1979) TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 270 ( 1965-84) 1.0% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. MAJOR IMPORTS 74 7% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.8% X IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. CIF) (1983) 14 (1988) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1977) 8% (1978) 7% (1979) FEMALE 49.7 FENALE TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1977) - 126(76) - 159(70) FEMALE 17% TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE UNITED KINGDOM , NETHERLANDS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 48.2 (1970) TOTAL MALE 46.7 MALE . . 39.8% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GAP (1984) 28% MALE TOTAL SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.).... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) (1903) 10.0% (1980) ADULT LITERACY RATE • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 3.8% % (1986) -0.8% • SOCIAL DATA % (1970) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) (1906) . (1984) (1970) 13% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP. 169 POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) ( 1986) o SUBSISTENCE : CASSAVA ,VANS .CORN 22% (1985) CASH: COTTON ,PALM OIL ,PALM KERNELS (1985) MARRIED VONEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1981) 20.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON .PALM OIL POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 31.8% (15-B4YRS) 45.1% (65+ YRS) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1985) WHEAT , RICE , TOBACCO INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 131 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ...( .) .X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1980) 16,980 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) MALARIA MEASLES-ROUGEOLE, SHIGELLOSIS (1977) 171 (78) 180 (79) 216 DEATH.. .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1977) 165 (78) 158 (79) 221 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 92% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1977) 6 (78) 22 (79) -5 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 20% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1977) 5.2% (78) 5.6% (79) 7.8% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP . % (77) 1.4% (78) 1.2% PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 67.9 MALE 94.5 FEMALE 42.9 SECONDARY (1980) TOTAL 3.8 MALE 18.5 FEMALE 7.5 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY.. (1979) TOTAL 0.8 NALE 1.5 FEMALE 0.3 (SMILLIONS, V.5.) (1983) : (84) 6 (85) & EQUIVALENT TO 0.4 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1979) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION. .) . % (1979) 470 452 1) SUMVART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PASS 1 02/06/07 BUREAU FOR APRICA 683 SENIN CP : Si PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OP FY OP | INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTO -THROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91760 9 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -9116C - STINATED FY: EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -!1780 -PROPOS! Y88- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES WEALIN 1020-089 80 81 6,707 6.707 459 SENIN RURAL WATER SUPPLY --- --- ?כן,5 --- 2.500 --- 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6.707 6707 6.707 459 --- --- --- 2.000 2.000 GRANTS 6,707 6.707 6,707 459 2.900 2.000 LOANS --- --- ... COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 6,707 6,707 5.797 459 --- --- 2.000 --- 2.000 GRANTS 6.707 6.757 6707 439 2.300 2.000 LOANS ... i ... --- Noc 453 Zimbabawe 473 454 COUNTRY: (613) ZIMBABWE FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •BASIC DATA •FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 9.041 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1985) GOLD REEXPORTS , TOBACCO ,COTTON LINT PER CAPITA GNP ..... (DOLLARS, 1984) 760 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) (1984) (1985) 49 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL ONP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 1.5% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 0% (1963) 6X (1964) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 11.4% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1905) MACHINERY .PETROLEUN PROD., WEAT NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 10% OF POPULATION.. (1968) 3.2% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1993) 100 (1984) 70 (1908) SO LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IKPORTS (1982) 12% (1963) 12% (1964) (1986) TOTAL 59.2 MALE 57.4 FEMALE 61.1 (1970) TOTAL 31.3 MALE 49.6 FEMALE 53.0 TRADE BALANCE (8 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) - 167(83) 87(14) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 69% MALE 77% FEMALE 61X TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDON , SOUTH AFRICA GERMANY, FEDER • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 23.7% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICUL TURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. (1976-1985) -1.6% (1984) 276 AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO).... (1963) 33.0% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF COP (1994) 12% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 104 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.0% (1978) 2.0% (1986) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) 17% (1986) 27% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. SUBSISTENCE : CORN , MILLET , SORGHUM ( 1970) 75% 7 (1985) (1906) 7 CASH: COTTON , TOBACCO ,SOYBEANS 10X ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AQED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1904) 38.ox MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1983) TOBACCO COTTON , RAW SUGAR POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1985) WEAT ,RICE . CORN (0-14YRS) 49.9% (15-G4YRS) 47.5% (68+ YRS) 2.0% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1981) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1906) 60X •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1996) 6,650 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE ( DEATH.. ( TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U. ( ) C.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1902) der DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) .) .) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 31% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. ( ) • % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP .. • X PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 134 MALE - IES FEMALE SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 21.6 MALE 17.4 FEMALE 12.3 POST SECONDARY OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. (1980) o.1 TOTAL 0.2 MALE 0.3 FEMALE (SNILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 187 (84) 156 (05) 221 (1904) EQUIVALENT TO ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 71.4% 1.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 474 : : :: :3 :: . PP?PIC 455 ONI OF IMPOR TOTAL SECONDARY (OOO EEROY PRODUCTION FEMALE 90: AD OF SUNNARYO NI) •CTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) . AGO 1 13 02/04/07 SUCEAU FOR APRICA .13 ZINDAINE • H. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L PY OR Y OP 1 INITIAL FINAL LOP PLANNED AUTM -TNROUGH PYSS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL 786- OILIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMAT!PY87- ODLI EXPEN- TIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FYI- OSLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURIS 9 91160 91760 DUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES --- 2.000 --- --- 750 --- 009 613-0229 ZINDAINE MANON OR DEVELOPMENT 2.000 9.000 11 --- 600 --- 2.000 --- 750 750 600 0 200 2.000 OOO --- LOANS ! ONONIC SUPPORT FUND --- 26 --- CSL CSL 692 165 82 750 6,577 10. 200 23,626 & 2 37359 5.000 6.155 46,369 45.000 6,633 --- --- 2.000 OOO 26,714 7.313 45.00 . 65.000 3 32 $4 TINSABWE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ASSISTANCE COC'S 5.000 2.801 2.373 --- --- --- 3.525 000 5,292 ܀: 2; --- 1.756 --- 2.293 82 0.542 95 2.488 5.542 2959 5 33 600 OG 400 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.000 3.000 GRANTS 2.000 2.000 5 32 613-0235 LOW COST SNELTER 613-0205 3 SASIC EDUCATION SKILLS TRAINING 613-0207 eil's 13,13 2.965 613-0213 : 2 ZIMBABWE TANPOWER DEVELOPMENT 13.139 88,709 . 77.000 613-0216 2 SOMODITY IMPORT PROGRAM 07.000 07.000 613-0219 3 CNILO SPACIN: AND FERTILITY 613-0224 BOOKS FOX NEW LITERATES (PVO) SE SE ! 613-0227 EPWORTH LOW COST SMELTER CCO 475 456 SUNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN TNOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR AFRICA PAGE 02/04/87 613 JNE VENIT PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PY CP TO I INITIAL PINAL : LOP PLANNED CP 88 :1100 91160 TMROUGN FYIS- OILIG. EXPEN ATIONS DI TURIS CNN) -1100 -ACTUAL PT36. EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -91100 •! STILATED FI7- !XPEN- ATIONS DITURES PROPOSEO FTOI- -51100 ATIONS OITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 207.700 207.131 232,790 144,794 5.000 22.023 27.511 0565 ÖRANTS 207.700 207.331 202.700 5.000 22.023 LOANS 27.511 OO 20. -0 -0. S.950 .. COJNTRI Total TOTAL 279,700 213,331 202.700 7.000 li323 DO. 26.261 9.550 GRANTS 207,700 215.331 202.7) 7.000 22.025 LOANS 19262 OSS 6 DOO .00 ... .. O. --- dl INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 457 AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Congressional Presentation Fiscal Year 1988 ANNEX II Asia and Near East e ASIA and the NEAR EAST Responsible Officer: . h. 盘 ​CHARLES W. GREENLEAF, Jr. Assistant Administrator Bureau for Asia and the Near East 1 ( 459 Ireland and Northern Ireland o पर Turkey Spain Portugal -Tunisia Cyprus Israel Egypt Lebanon Morocco Jordan Oman Asia and Near East DA: $ 349.9 million ESF: $2,787.5 million Yemen/ Arab Republic FY 1988 Development Assistance MFY 1988 Economic Support Fund 11 460 Afghanistan Nepal Pakistan DA & ESF Bangladesh India Burma South Pacific Philippines -Cambodia Sri Lanka Thailand Fiji Mutta Asia and Near East ESF DA: $ 349.9 million ESF: $2,787.5 million Indonesia FY 1988 Development Assistance FY 1988 Economic Support Fund 461 ANNEX II - ASIA AND NEAR EAST Annex II presents Economic Support Fund (ESF), Development Assistance (DA) and PL 480 food aid programs in Asia and the Near Bast for which A.I.D. requests funds in PY 1988. The Annex begins with a budget summary table, which breaks out by country and appropriation account funding trends from py 1985 to PY 1988 for ESF, DA and International Disaster Assistance. A regional statistical summary table provides economic and social data for countries that receive A.I.D. assistance as well as for selected non-aid recipient countries such as China. Pollowing these tables is a regional overview of active and proposed programs. Country narratives for twenty-five countries and two regional programs describe u.s. interests and objectives and the projects for which funds are being requested. Planned program summary sheets present detailed descriptions of all proposed new projects for FY 1988. A summary of active and proposed projects is also presented for each country in the region. Pinally, terminating programs are presented. The regional projects presented in Annex II are different from centrally funded activities, which are described in Annex IV. manera mot A D **** ALS 1v 462 ANNEX II ASIA AND NEAR EAST TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 21 Summary of Programs by Country and Appropriation.... Selected Social Indicators, Regional Summary..... Regional Overview of Asia and Near East Programs. Afghanistan Humanitarian Assistance. Bangladesh.. Burma... Cambodian Resistance. Cyprus. Egypt. Fiji. India.. Indonesia. International Pund--Northern Ireland and Ireland. Israel. Jordan.. Lebanon. Morocco. Nepal.. Oman, Pakistan. Philippines. Portugal.. South Pacific Regional Spain.... Sri Lanka. Thailand. Tunisia... Turkey. Yemen Arab Republic. Regional Projects... Terminating Programs Italy... Poland. 33 45 61 71 77 83 107 113 133 155 161 169 181 189 205 219 227 247 265 273 285 291 307 325 339 345 355 377 381 463 Summary of Programs by Country and Appropriation 1 464 SUMMARY OF PROGRANS SY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/03/27 - CD-35 TOTAL AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING NEALTM CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION AND MUNAN R! SOURCES DEVELOPMENT SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIIS ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND OTHER PROGRAMS AP SNANISTAN 6230 6.000 3.369 543 15,308 12.152 15.000 5.000 2.000 2.500 2.000 300 3.000 3.000 1.000 1.500 2.500 Сcs 1.000 570 15.000 14.355 15.000 10.000 400 40 CO 957 1.40 1.500 2 RUSION: BURLAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 5861 1906 1987 3.912 18.303 33.000 30.000 4.255 8.000 5.923 BANGLADESN 1935 390 3.000 47,770 1987 1983 85.070 75.000 $3,000 60.000 COLC 32.000 29.000 25.000 20.000 2.000 31.000 31.000 ссе JURNA 1985 1.500 1907 16.930 704 8.000 3.000 2.100 12.750 180 5.503 5,500 1.300 2.000 2161 CALLODIAN RESISTANCE 1985 1936 3, 350 3.350 5.000 3.350 3.350 CYPRUS 1935 1986 1987 CCO'S 15.000 16.355 15.000 10.000 10191 1905 1986 1907 1.065.000 1.061, 434 815.000 815.000 Iris 1.065.000 1.068.434 315.000 315.000 1.397 1.400 1.350 TOTAE 465 PAGE 02/03/57 OP PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION C- ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUNO SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OTHER PROGRAMS EDUCATION ANO MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CHILD SURVIVAL 35 6.000 6,576 2.000 5.000 1.656 1.427 13,775 15,901 6.957 303 303 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUMMARY REGION: SUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING HEALTN TOTAL OPICE 23,905 6.500 19,700 11.500 13, 261 6.000 3.500 2.239 1,500 53,600 56.300 36.003 23.500 INDIA 1985 1930 1987 1988 25.000 36.611 53,000 50.000 1.500 2.500 3.555 3.000 3,290 6.760 5.880 750 5,621 1,500 15,125 9,400 5,400 5.050 42.380 45.322 31,350 23,749 INDONESIA 1985 1986 1987 1968 55,303 56.355 45.000 45.000 4.000 7,500 50.000 35,002 35.000 INTERNATIONAL FUND-NO. IRELAND & IRELAND 1985 1986 50.000 1987 35.000 1988 35.000 1.950.000 1.393.400 1.200.000 1.200.000 ISRAEL 1935 1986 1937 1988 1.950,000 1.89 3.403 1,200.000 1.200.000 1.656 ITALY 1985 1986 1987 1988 100.000 5.02? 106,000 18.000 000,ככו JORDAN 1985 1986 1987 1988 95.022 104.000 18.03 LEBANON 1995 1986 1987 1988 20.232 15,931 5.967 3 466 SUMMARY OF PROGRANS OY. COUNTRY, ANO. APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 3 02/05/87 CP-88 MEALTN CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND OTHER PROGRAMS 500 3.850 4. 200 3,000 1.500 2.000 1.500 500 1.800 2.373 1.000 1.000 3,420 2.500 1.750 500 15.000 16.494 20,000 20.000 2.600 2. 100 1,229 1,500 2.600 1.825 1,699 1.650 106 2.219 20.000 19.556 20.000 20.000 12,203 5,500 9,500 17,455 6.500 5.000 5.000 7.500 200.000 239,259 250.000 250.000 2.553 713 6,500 12.553 6901 3.422 2.000 300 3.756 1.350 330 3,767 2.313 1.000 2.973 140.000 300.093 250.000 126.000 976 355 AR REGION: BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST OFFICE TOTAL AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING MOROCCO 1985 1986 1987 1988 36.545 37.957 36.370 35,000 9.975 10.400 9,120 11.500 NEPAL 1985 1986 1987 1988 19.123 16.139 13.000 13.000 12.329 9,251 9,465 9,200 1.493 627 650 ONAN 1985 1986 1987 1988 20.000 19.556 23.000 20,000 PAKISTAN 1935 1986 1987 1988 253,035 263, 250 275.000 303,000 37.300 11.00) 5.500 22. 503 PHILIPPINES 1985 1936 1987 1988 175,376 339.00 263.000 137,003 25.333 10,304 5,79 6,303 POLAND 1985 1986 1987 1988 6.000 6.000 PORTUGAL 1995 1986 1987 1988 נכט,כ3 75,37 79,612 P2.003 80.00 16,407 79.112 90.00 TOTAL 467 PAGE 02703/87 C-8 SUNNART OF PROGRANS Y COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUNO SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OTMER ROGRANS COUCATION AND NUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CHILD SURVIVAL MEALTN 12.000 11.486 12.000 12.000 25 306 200 100 13,200 3.200 .O. -0. 20.300 8.000 5.000 CCO'S 5.000 200 905 700 1.700 200 200 90 "Il es|| ||||*|| 9789 20.000 22.624 16.203 20.000 2.500 ... OOO DOO 173.003 119.625 100.003 125.000 ... 6816 7.900 0055 001 10.600 6.459 6.100 3.400 495 957 2.123 1.000 COS 11.700 006 300 400 400 400 800 RESIONI BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST AGRICULTURE. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION LANNING TOTAL 12.000 SPAIN 1985 1986 1987 12.000 12.000 1161 23.956 20.445 17.000 11.540 SRI LANKA 1985 1986 1987 1988 36,662 26,321 13.050 16,790 1.303 THAILAND 1985 1986 1987 1988 1.609 16,443 13. 100 12.600 32, 109 23.313 21.000 21.050 TUNISIA 1935 1986 1987 1988 22.630 22.664 15.253 20.000 TURKEY 1985 1936 1987 1988 175.000 119.625 190.000 125.000 YETEN 1935 12.070 11.555 10.100 3.000 27,449 23,549 22.000 22.000 9161 1987 1988 SO PACIFIC REGIONAL 1915 6.023 6.398 1987 4.500 1988 15.700 2.800 2.400 2.600 2.200 9961 468 SUNTARY OP PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE s 02/03/07 CP-31 ASRICULTURE. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CHILO SURVIVAL EDUCATION AND HUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPNENT ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND NEALTN OTNER PROGRANS 11.473 9.530 5.662 2,976 1.934 2.163 4,206 1.800 1.733 6.101 6.113 6.325 4.733 2.723 2.723 26.146 14.406 20.000 7.109 3,229 6.360 3.992 200 ... 658 2.018 332 1.342 1.038 18,202 200 REGION: SUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST OPICE TOTAL 20.000 ASIA ANO NEAR EAST REGIONAL 1985 1986 55,655 1987 36,506 1986 42.100 19,333 ASIA RLGIONAL 1985 1936 1987 1988 NEAR EAST REGIONAL 1985 23,640 1930 1987 6.336.968 TOTAL 1985 1996 1987 1988 299,639 263.969 190.799 180, 231 3,297. 108 3.137.390 79.711 46.835 51,586 53.610 51.666 66.343 42.780 35.616 5.000 10.000 12. 500 12.239 26.517 28.266 22.780 36.146 40.359 26.694 15,873 29.028 7.556 976 3,837,325 6.006.369 2.960.790 2.787,500 y en 1966 total includes the following: $84.917 million c n 1985 duobligated funds and $99.013 million of n 1986 deobligated funds for a total of 1183.930 dllia reobligated in n 1986, 4.* dulian Be local conto upport and $3.961 milion eu local costo upport for a total of 45.323 milions 4,194.099 illion of n 1983, n 1995 and n 1906 ® supplemental lppropriations 1974 thousand International disaster Aristana. y the n 1967 total includes the following: 4.720 dilion 282 local conta nuport, $6.407 wllion no-year fundo tra the n 1983 eurplemental propriation for banon 190.0 wllion from the n 1805 supplemental Ippropriation for Jordan, 137.0 illon me for the r 1907 supplemental request. Bu ropletal area for detall, en 1991 total do not include 5.337 million DA local costs rapport. 6 469 Economic and Social Data (Regional Summary) 1 470 SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUNARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: ASIA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KN) TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS) LIFE ANNUAL EXPECT- GROWTH ANCY RATE (YEARS) PEOPLE PER DOCTOR X POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE VATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE LITERACY PARTICI- RATE PATION POP/AGRICUL- TURAL LANO POP/TOTAL LANO AFGHANISTAN 54% (79) BANGLADESH 53% (74) GURMA FIJI 49% (76) 49% (76) 52% (71) INDIA INDONESIA 13,981 (86) 0.7% (86) 14.501 (76) 2.6% ( 76 ) 104. 240 (86) 2.7% (86) 77.920 (76) 2.2% (76) 38.024 (86) 2.1% (86) 30,864 (76) 2.1% (76) 712 (86) 2. 1% (86) 385 (76) 1.5% (76) 783.940 (86) 2.0% (83) 634,391 (76) 2.1% (76) 176, 764 (86) 2. 1% (86) 140, 838 (76) 2.4% (76) 6.390 (06) 2.2% (86) 6,191 (76) -0.3% (76) 17.386 (86) 2.4% (86) 13, 385 (76) 2.4% (76) 101, 769 (86) 2.8% (86) 76, 456 (76) 2.3% (76) 59.884 (86) 2.7% (86) 45.650 (76) 2.7% (76) 10.000 (86) 1.3% (84) 13,887 (76) 1.6% (76) 52,699 (86) 1.8% (86) 43,219 (76) 2.2% (76) 41 (86) 13.467 (81) 37 (76) 22.679 ( 76 ) 50 (86) 7.810 (81) 48 (76) 14,824 (76) 53 (86) 4.657 (81) 50 (76) 5.411 (76) 67 (86) 2,232 (80) 62 (76) 2,250 (76) 56 (86) 2.611 (61) 49 (76) 2.981 (76) 57 (86) 11,317 (80) 51 (76) 14.846 (76) 46 (86) 15.913 (71) 33 (76) 48 (86) 30.062 (80) 44 (76) 53 (86) 3,438 (85) 51 ( 76 ) 3,885 (76) 65 (86) 2,144 (81) 62 (76) 2.930 (76) 70 (86) 7.618 (61) 66 (76) 6, 102 (76) 64 (86) 6,765 (80) 61 (76) 8, 135 (76) KAMPUCHEA 10% (80) 180 (86) 20% (80) 6% (76) 207 (76) 38% (80) 138 (86) 29% (81) 53% (76) 147 (76) 21% (80) 104 (86) 66% (80) 17% (76) 123 (76) 77% (80) 22 (86) 79% (76) 69% (76) 33 (76) 79% (76) 41% (80) 99 (86) 41% (81) 33% (76) 131 (76) 23% (01) 86 (86) 67% (80) 12% (76) 112 (76) 141 (86) 42% (63) 236 (76) 14% (80) 106 (86) 19% (75) 9% (76) 126 (76) 35% (81) 123 (86) 26% (81) 29% (76) 132 (76) 73% (83) 51 (86) 83% (80) 64 (76) 70% (81) 30 (86) 86% ( 20% (76) 42 (76) 63% (80) 54 (86) 88% (80) 22% (76) 67 (76) 51% (77) 54% (76) 51% (62) 45 (83) 38 (76) 981 (83) 830 (76) 340 (83) 298 (76) 227 (83) 198 (76) 407 (83) 347 (76) 483 (83) 420 (76) 188 (3) 191 (76) 382 (83) 321 (76) 351 (83) 295 (76) 494 (84) 401 (76) 763 (79) 538 (76) 250 (83) 245 (76) 27 (84) 22 (76) 681 (84) 561 (76) 53 (14) 46 (76) 37 (84) 32 (76) 228 (84) 191 (76) 83 (84) 69 (76) 39 (84) 38 (76) 114 (84) 94 (76) 116 (84) 91 (76) 178 (84) 144 (76) 242 (84) 209 (76) 97 (84) 82 (76) NEPAL 59% (71) PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES 52% (81) 52% (76) 48% (76) 48% (76) 51% (71) SRI LANKA THAILAND 51% (78) 42% (76) CP SUSTRY (CRY (1976) 1,371.709 1.088.096 2.1% 2.1%. 56 SO ! 4.964 7 6,029 . 39% . 30% . 99. 124 47% 79%. 52% 51%. 409 343 . 158 132 • • SUM • ARITHMETIC MEAN, ! . WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). ... MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMLARY DEFINITIONS 8 E ATT 471 REGION: ASIA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY, FYBB (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISTON YEAR) POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) PEOPLE PER DOCTOR X POP INFANT WITH DEATHS ACCESS PER TO SAFE 1000 WATER SOBIRTHS MALE --POPULATION DENSITY-- LABOR (PERIONS PER SQUARE KM) FORCE LITERACY PARTICI- POP/AGRICUL POP/TOTAL RATE SPATION TURAL LAND LANO NUT 33 CHINA 1.059.716 (86) 1.0% (86) 66 (86) 1.724 (84) 50% (82) 38 (86) 66% (82) 264 (83) 108 (84) 30 3.014 (76) 240 (76) 97 (76) KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE 20,915 (86) 2.6% (86) 69 (86) 429 (79) 34 (86) 829 (83) 165 (84) 732 (76) 135 (76) KOREA, REPUBLIC OF 41.350 (86) 1.5% (86) 68 (86) 1.441 (81) 78% (80) 27 (86) 88% (70) 47% (79) 1.787 (83) 407 (84) 2,009 (76) 62% (76) 1.579 (76) 364 (76) MALAYSIA 15,738 (86) 2.1% (86) 66 (86) 3,917 (80) 63% (80) 35 (86) 58% (70) 48% (77) 339 (83) 46 (84) 6,974 (76) 62% (76) 47% (76) 295 (76) 38 (76) SINGAPORE 2,587 (86) 1.1% (86) 73 (86) 1, 101 (81) 100% (80) 10 (86) 83% (80) 59% (BO) 41,700 (83) 4,218 (84) 1.345 (76) 100% (76) 54% (76) 28.666 (76) 3,954 (76) VIETNAM 62 (86) 4, 113 (81) 57 (86) 84% (79) 745 (83) 182 (84) 57 (76) 5,437 (76) 80 (76) NO 459 (76) 149 (76) NCP SUMMARY (MRY) 1, 134, 306 1.1% .661,719 51% 38 66% 47% 7,611 73 854 (1976) # 5,329 .. 789 REGION SUMMARY (MRY) 2.506,096 101.7% 61.50 3.495 45% 71 55% 52% ! 2,810 0 390 (1976) 1.098,096 2.1% e 506,0291) 30% . 124 79% 51%. SO2,005 351 36 .. SUM... ARITHMETIC MEAN, .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION), (.. MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS (2) 300 51) Oe 020 CLOSE ABO LV ECLIO ESC 2000 CL 9 472 SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUNARY, FYSI (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: NEAR EAST AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KM) TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT - ANCY (YEARS) PEOPLE PER DOCTOR % POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE WATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI - PATION LITERACY RATE POP/AGRICUL- TURAL LANO POP/TOTAL LAND CYPRUS (90) $25 EQYPT (99) 8 IRELAND ISRAEL (90) ITALY (00) XSS JORDAN 70 (84) 66 (76) 46 (84) 38 (76) 50 (84) 46 (76) 202 (84) 170 (76) 189 (84) 185 (76) 35 (B4) 27 (76) 262 (14) 267 (76) 48 (84) 39 (76) (98) 09 ) LEBANON 1.3% (06) 76 (86) 1.060 (81) 100% (80) 9 (86) 89% (76) 61% (74) 613 (76) -0.9% (76) 73 (76) 1.222 (76) 21 (76) 89% (76) 50,826 (86) 2.8% (06) 50 (86) 798 (01) 75% (80) 102 (86) 44% (76) 47% (79) 37,737 (70) 2.1% (76) 82 (76) 1. 184 (76) 66% (76) 141 (76) 44% (76) 54% (76) 3,837 (86) -0.0% (06) 74 (86) 775 (51) 79% (71) 53% (77) 2,237 (76) 1.6% (76) 72 (76) 848 (76) 14 (76) 4, 146 (86) 1.7% (06) 76 (86) 403 (31) 10 (06) 88% (72) 43% (80) 3,424 (76) 2.0% (76) 73 (76) 20 (76) 44% (76) 57,246 (06) 0.2% (86) 76 (66) 740 (83) 9 (86) 94% (71) 68,838 (76) 0.5% (76) 73 (76) 1. 109 (76) 20 (76) 52% (76) 2.663 (86) 3.6% (86) 1, 172 (82) SOX (12) 50 (86) 65% (79) 36% (76) 1.870 (16) 3.6% (76) 65 (76) 2,984 (76) 56% (76) 68 (76) 68% (76) 36% (76) 3,310 (16) 0.2% (86) 67 (86) 536 (79) 94% (79) 83 (86) 68% (70) 42% (75) 3,220 (76) 2.2% (76) 66 (76) 95 (76) 23,762 (06) 2.7% (86) 62 (86) 17,232 (61) 69% (76) 87 (86) 35% (12) 45% (71) 18, 880 (76) 2.6% (76) 36 (76) 10,828 (76) 68% (76) 116 (76) 1,189 (80) 3. 1% (06) 84 (86) 1.679 (01) 32% (76) 114 (86) 802 (76) 4.6% (70) 49 (76) 1.038 (76) 32% (76) 143 (76) 37,473 (80) 0.7% (86) 70 (86) 47% (70) 21 (86) 99% (78) 57% (78) 34,200 (70) 1.0x (76) 71 (76) 616 (76) 23 (76) 10.239 (06) 0.0% (86) 74 (86) 487 (83) 78% (80) 17 (86) 71% (70) 9.622 (70) 2.2% (76) 60 (76) 016 (76) 65% (76) 33 (76) 38,792 (06) 0.5% (86) 71 (16) 12 (86) 93% (81) 51% (79) 35.007 (70) 1.2% (70) 74 (76) 17 (76) 1.387 (86) 2.4% (86) 68 (86) 3.624 (61) 63% (82) 49 (86) 47% (80) 47% (80) 5.863 (76) 2.7% (76) 63 (76) 4,010 (76) 70% (76) 74 (76) 46% (76) 31.810 (06) 2.3% (86) 63 (86) 1.498 (82) 76% (80) 89 (86) 69% (80) 51% (78) 41.485 (76) 2.3% (76) $7 (76) 1.749 (76) 75% (76) 121 (76) 2.9% (86) 47 (86) 7.071 (84) 27% (00) 140 (86) 9% (80) 45% (76) 4,800 (76) 2.8% (76) 42 (76) 17.000 (76) 4% (76) 172 (76) MOROCCO 124 (83) 116 (76) 1.806 (83) 1.345 (76) 60 (83) S6 (76) 327 (83) 287 (76) 329 (03) 318 (76) 632 (03) 541 (76) 880 (83) 775 (76) 100 (63) 06 (76) 105 (83) 77 (76) 194 (83) 179 (76) 248 (13) 234 (76) 123 (83) 114 (76) 89 (83) 77 (76) 133 (03) 108 (76) OLUN () POLAND (10) cse PORTUGAL (18) X98 SPAIN (20) 296 (92) OSS 3 (76) 116 (64) 110 (76) 110 (14) 105 (76) 17 (84) 71 (76) 43 (84) 35 (76) 62 (84) 52 (76) 40 (94) 32 (76) TUNISIA TURKEY VEREN ARAB REPUBLIC (90) ont' (co) OL 64 (76) GWILY 200, 103 199 (27) (1970) 2,310 2,200 GGX 66% . 02 67 72% 46%. 67% 52% • ser 'L9Z 65 . 292 . .. ARITMETIC MEAN .. VEICHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION), . MISSING DATA REFER TO EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUNDLARY DEFINITIONS 10 473 10 SELECTED SOCIAL INO I CATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY. FYOI (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) HEALTH --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KN) EDUCATION MALE LABOR FORCE LITERACY PARTICI- RATE PATION X POP. WITH ACCESS TO SAFE VATER PEOPLE PER DOCTOR INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS POP/AGRICUL - TURAL LANO POP/TOTAL LAND 40% (77) 56% (79) 48% (76) 48% (76) 42% (77) 2.629 (79) 85% (80) 84 (86) 45% (82) 4.785 (76) 77% (76) 956 (80) 100% (75) 26 (86) 63% (81) 1.411 (76) 2,634 (01) 60% (76) 113 (86) 37% (76) 60% (76) 112 (76) 37% (76) 1.792 (81) 70% (80) 86 (86) 24% (65) 2.511 (76) 62% (76) 599 (82) 85% (76) 68% (80) 860 (76) 85% (76) 659 (81) 98% (80) 50% (73) 989 (76) 100% (76) 1.796 (81) 91% (80) 81 (86) 25% (80) 1.832 (76) 72% (76) 124 (76) 2, 159 (81) 71% (80) 44 (86) 40% (70) 2,717 (76) 75% (76) 50% (75) 53 (63) 30 (75) 6,517 (83) 4,750 (76) 74 (83) 57 (76) 155 (83) 123 (76) 1. 152 (83) 793 (76) 22 (83) 18 (76) 12 (83) 9 (76) 69 (83) 54 (76) 9 (84) 7 (76) 670 (04) 460 (76) 27 (84) 21 (76) 35 (84) 26 (76) 93 (84) 60 (76) 2 (84) 1 (76) 5 (84) 4 (76) 55 (84) 41 (76) 42% (73) 41% (79) (19) ***; 35% 72%. 75% . 93 124 1,007 730 113 70 . 63 . 578 98 REGION: NEAR EAST SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES POPULATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) ANNUAL OROWTH RATE ALGERIA 63 (06) 22, 744 (86) 16,696 (76) 448 (86) 3.1% (86) 3.0% (76) 3.6% (86) BAHRAIN 70 (86) IRAN 40,762 (86) 3.4% (86) 57 (86) 57 (76) 62 (86) IRAQ 16,377 (86) 3.6% (86) KUWAIT LIBYA 14, 185 (86) 7,653 (76) 10. 744 (86) SAUDI ARABIA 5.1% (86) 5.9% (76) 3.7% (86) 63 (66) 52 (76) 67 (86) SYRIA NCP SUNARY (MRY) (1976) 113,261 24,288 • 3.6%. 3.9% 60 / 52. 2, 355 3,833 . 66. REGION SUMMIARY (MRY) (1976) 412,366 . 281,774 • 2.1%. 1.8%. 2.329 2.344 ) 68% 66% ! 62% . 45%. 49% 52% . 68 • •SUM, • • ARITHMETIC MEAN, • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION) . - MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 11 474 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FO: MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-ODA AS A % OF GAP GNP PER CAPITA. SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID $ MILLION US AID AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES 3.4 (85) 18.6% (84) 205.6 (85) 1.3% (85) 1.4% (84) 7.9% (84) BANGLADESH BURMA FIJI 20.7 (85) 0.3% (85) 0.1% (84) 3.9% (14) ... 130 (84) 70 (76) 180 (84) 87 (76) 1.810 (84) 1.086 (76) 260 (84) 128 (76) 540 (84) 261 (76) ... 0.2% (84) 2.8% (84) 36.3% (84) 16.3% (76) 7.7% (13) 2.6% (76) 10.3% (83) 11.0% ( 76 ) 14.2% (84) 9.2% (76) INOIA 191.2 (85) 0.1% (85) 0.0% (84) 46.8% (83) 38.5% (76) 31.7% (83) 22.8% (76) 976.3% (83) 619.0% (76) 0.8% (84) 0.8% (84) INDONESIA 148.7 (85) 0.2% (85) 0.1% (84) 0.8 (85) 0.9% (84) 8.5% (84) 2.1% (94) 1.2% (84) 0.4% (84) 1.3% (84) 8.1% (84) 1.3% (84) 1752.3 • 0.7% & 0.3% 2.7% REGION: ASIA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES DEBT AFGHANISTAN KAMPUCHEA NEPAL 3.4% 23.2 (85) 1.0% (85) 204.9% (78) 102.2% ( 76 ) 632.9% (84) 641.9% (76) PAKISTAN 665.2 (85) 2.0% (85) 0.3% (84) 49.7% (84) 54.9% (76) PHILIPPINES 281.9 (85) 0.9% (85) 160 (84) 113 (76) 380 (84) 182 (76) 660 (84) 412 (76) 360 (84) 157 (76) 860 (84) 394 (76) 27.5% (84) 19.9% (76) 16. 1% (84) 7.8% (76) 11.6% (84) 12.2% (76) 12.2% (84) 2.5% (76) SRI LANKA 67.5 (85) 1.2% (85) 81.9% (83) 70.4% (76) 32.6% (84) 22.6% (76) 394.8% (83) 373.9% (76) 178.5% (84) 125.3% (76) THAILAND 144. 1 (85) 0.4% (85) 0.1% (84) CP SUMMARY (ORY) ( 1976) 335 167 44.0% 36.4% & 407.3% & 324.2% & 13.0% & 6.6% & . • SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR ANO SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 12 475 12 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART . REGIONAL SUMMARY, FYRO (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISTON YEAR) REGION: ASIA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES DEBT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-ODA AS A X OF GNP GNP PER CAPITA, SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS X OF AS X OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID $ MILLION US AID AS X GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES AENEN Yoric 0.3% (84) CHINA 310 (84) 126 (76) 0.3% (BS) -0.0% (84) 231.9 (85) SO 5.0 (85) 0.0% (85) -0.0% (84) KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE' KOREA, REPUBLIC OF MALAYSIA SINGAPORE VIETNAM 14.6% (84) 10.3% (76) 8.0% (84) 4.6% (76) 1.1% (84) 2,110 (84) 901 (76) 1.980 (84) 578 (76) 7.260 (84) 2,530 (76) 17.8% (84) 13.5% (76) 55.8% (81) 47.8% (76) 75.8% (83) 57.4% (76) 49.3% (84) 50.0% (76) 114.9% (81) 96.0% (76) 56.7% (83) 50.7% (76) 0.1 (85) 0.0% (85) 1.0% -0.0% %& 0.2% 2.2% NCP SUMARY (MRY) 61.5% 6 65.4% & 237.0 0.1% & (1976) 57. 1% & 8.1% & REGION SUMMARY (NRY) 372 58.5X6 12.3% 1989.3 0.2%. (1976) 167 . 44.0% & 109.3% & 7.1%. SUM, & • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), 1. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION) .. • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUNARY DEFINITIONS OK LDUSED CE SOCO 13 476 REGION: NEAR EAST AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SULARY. FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) DEOT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS GNP PER CAPITA, SUS QOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS X OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-00A AS A % OF GNP US AID $ MILLION US AID AS X GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES 0.1% (14) 0.7% (24) 5.6% (84) 4.0% (84) . 3.7% (14) 6.0x (14) 0.6% (04) 17.0% (84 MOROCCO 13.8 (85) 0.1% (86) PORTUGAL 20.4% (83) 5.8% (76) 208.0 (85) 0.9% (86) 0.2% (84) 0.4% (84) SPAIN 414.9 (85) 0.2% (86) TUNISIA 1,970 (84) 1,232 (76) 4.440 (84) 2.868 (76) 1.270 (84) 668 (76) 1.160 (84) 749 (76) $50 (03) 272 (76) 28.2% (83) 13.1% (76) 30.0% (82) 32.5% (76) 31.9% (33) 20.0% (76) 223. 1% (83) 161.2% (76) 157.7% (82) 182.5% (76) 193.0% (84) 439.3% (76) 96.3 (85) 1.2% (85) 0.2% (84) TURKEY 25.1% (84) 7.5% (76) 20.7% (61) 11.3% (76) 28.6% (84) 15.1% (76) 879.5 (85) 1.7% (as) 2.2% (14) 0.5% (94) 6.4% (84) YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC 47.1 47.1 (85) 1.3% (85) 0.0% (04) CP SUNUARY (CRV) (1976) CYPRUS 36.6% (83) 18.9% (76) 169.9% (83) 61.5% (76) 0.6% (68) EGYPT 10.3% (84) 15.0 (85) 3.6% (76) 26.3% (84) 2468.8 (OS) 24.3% (76) 7.8% (85) IRELAND ISRAEL 3.650 (34) 1.525 (76) 720 (84) 314 (76) 5.000 (33) 2. 789 (76) 5.080 (84) 3.775 (76) 6,420 (84) 3,590 (76) 1.570 (84) 542 (76) 202.ox (78) 172.9% (76) 79.5% (84) 10.0% (85) 683.3% (78) 910. 1% (76) 373.8% (84) ITALY 18.0% (84) 3350.1 (85) 10.6% (76) 1.7 (85) 0.0% (85) JORDAN 16.7% (84) 5.0% (76) 191.9 (85) S. 1% (85) LEBANON 21.1 (88) 155.2 (85) 1.3% (88) 0.5% (14) 2.4% (84) OMAN 670 (84) 455 (76) 6.490 (84) 3.825 (76) 2. 100 (84) 79.6% (83) 30.7% (76) 21.8% (94) 30.4% (76) 530.7% (83) 235.3% (76) 30.2% (83) 41.4% (76) 36.9% (83) 9.1% (76) 4.8% (84) 2.5% (76) 60.2 (as) 0.9% (OS) POLAND 2.762 1.013 289.6X 339.5X & 7923.6 63.9% & 3.15 : 2.2% 7. 1% & • • SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), I. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 14 CORP GAETA, GS OF 477 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS. PART . REGIONAL SUMARY, FVO: (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION VEAR) DEOT ON PER CAPITA, SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEOT AS X OF AS X OF SERVICE ON EXPORTS RATIO FOREION ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-ODA AS A % OF CNP US AID US AIO WILLION AS X GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES 24.9% 11.6% 0.6: 2.1% RDION SURURY (ORY) (1976) 3,003 ROOION NEAR CAST SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES ALGERIA BAHRAIN 0.4 (OS) 2.410 (84) 1,252 (76) 10.470 (24) 4,607 (76) 32.3% (83) 14.1% (76) 0.0% (06) -0.0% (84) 0.2% (84) 10.5% (84) 3.7% (76) IRAN IRAQ KUWAIT LIBYA SAUDI ARABIA 16,720 (94) 11.689 (76) 6,620 (84) 6, 156 (76) 10, 530 (14) .. 136 (78) 1,620 (34) 808 (76) SYRIA 13.7% (84) 8.5% (76) 0.0% (84) 4.9% (04 KCP SUSURY (ORY) (1976) 7,702 3,421 . 10.5X 3 3.7% . 0.0% 0.0% 216.6% 254.6% & 63.9 10.946 7.7% & 7924.0 2.0% 1.8% • • Sun, I. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), I. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • NISSINO DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 15 1 478 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 2 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: ASIA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL OROWTH GNP PER CAP % 1965-190 > AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION 1973-190 GOVERNMENT EXPENO I - TURES AS % GNP TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT DEBT FINANCING AS X GOVT EXPENSES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS X GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE $US MILLION ) ) AFGHANISTAN 0.5% (03) 2.4% (73) BANGLADESH 0.6% (84) 5.0% (73) 9.9% (14) BURMA 2.3% (84) 6.0% (73) 6.0% (84) FIJI 3.1% (84) 9.0% (84) -1.300 (85) - 419 (76) -235 (84) -40 (76) - 174 (85) -106 (76) - 4.360 (85) 790 (76) 5,876 (85) 1,796 (76) -580 (85) -278 (76) -237 (84) - 34 (76) -7 (85) -51 (76) 3.0x (83) -1.961 (63) 3.0% (76) 1,572 (76) 2.6% (83) -1.632 (85) 3.6% (76) -910 (76) INOIA 1.6% (24) 4.1% (73) 7.8% (84) INDONESIA 20.7% (83) 17.8% (76) 24.8% (83) 24.3% (76) 34.2% (83) 25.9% (76) 10.9% (83) 18.9% (76) 6.8% (73) 4.9% (84) 17.4% (84) KANPUCHEA NEPAL 0.2% (84) 3. 1% (73) 3. 1% (84) 30.5% (82) 22.6% (76) 29.3% (83) 39.4% (76) PAKISTAN 2.5% (84) 5.6% (73) 10.8% (84) 20.9% (83) 23. OX (76) 2.6% (84) 4.8% (73) 12.9% (84) PHILIPPINES SRI LANKA THAILAND -286 (85) -52 (76) -3,289 (85) -1,025 (76) 482 (85) -1, 113 (76) -659 (85) -20 (76) -2, 140 (85) - 194 (76) 0.9% (82) -126 (85) 0.8% (76) 19 (76) 6.7% (83) -1,117 (85) 6.1% (76) -780 (76) -1,257 (04) -1, 101 (76) 0.8% (83) -559 (85) 0.6% (76) -6 (76) 3.8% (94) -1.564 (85) 3.0% (76) -441 (76) 2.9% (14) 5.2% (73) 14.9% (14) 33.6% (83) 32.1% (76) 19.7% (84) 16.9% (76) 32.3% (83) 30.6% (76) 19.5% (84) 24.4% (76) 4.2% (84) 6.8% (73) 8.2% (84) CP SUNUARY 2.3% 5.0% (CRV) (1976) 10.5% X. 23.2% & 21.8% • -289 & - 107 & 23.1% 26.2% & 3.3% 6 3. 1% & -813 - 305 & • ARITHMETIC MEAN, • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUNDARY DEFINITIONS 16 . ANNA. 479 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS. PART 2 REGIONAL SUMARY, FYRO (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: AS1A SELECTED NON-AIO RECIPIENT COUNTRIES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS X GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS X GOVT EXPENSES AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP % 1965-196) GOVERNMENT EXPENDI- TURES AS % GNP TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION ) ) 417 (85) -13, 123 (85) 1.8% (84) 69-533 0 - 87 - 16 6.6% (73) 4.8% (84) CHINA KOREA • DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE' 17.6% (84) -924 (85) -307 (76) - 668 (85) 580 (76) -253 (85) -567 (76) 5.3% (84) 5.6% (76) 5.8% (81) 4.0% (76) 4.3% (83) 5.4% (76) 6.3% (84) 7.6% (76) 35. 1% (81) 24.4% (76) -4.6% (83) 0.1% (76) -56 (85) -588 (76) 3,671 (85) 1.464 (76) -3.035 (85) -2,224 (76) 20.6% (84) 18.1% (76) 43.7% (61) 30. 1% (76) 32.1% (83) 24.2% (76) 7.2% (73) 7.3% (73) 6.6% (84) .5% (84) 6.2% (84) KOREA, REPUBLIC OF 4.4% (84) 8.2% (73) MALAYSIA 7.8% (84) -742 & -343 6 SINGAPORE 4.3% & 5.3% & 5.2% & -1.625 a -1,324 8 VIETNAM 32.0%. 23.7% & 7.5%. -7646 -327 & 7.3% • %. 4.5% 4.7% & 7.8% & 10.2% 6 -1,205 & -814 & (KRY) (1976) NCP SUMMARY 30.4% 23.3% & 9.6% 3.6% 3.3% REGION SUMTARY (RY) ( 1976) • • ARITHMETIC MEAN, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA) • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONONIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS . X 17 480 REGION: NEAR EAST AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS. PART 2 REGIONAL SUNULARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP X 1965-190 ) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN COP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL GOVERNMENT RATE OF EXPENDI - INF LATION TURES 1973-190) AS X GNP ) TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS % GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION CYPRUS 5.5% (83) EGYPT 10.4% (84) 4.3% (04) IRELANO 8.5% (73) 13. 1% (84) ISRAEL 31.4% (83) 30.4% (76) 53.0% (84) 62.4% (76) 61.9% (83) 45.5% (76) 88.9% (82) 80.3% (76) 57.9% (84) 43.8% (76) 19.7% (83) 24.8% (76) 17.3% (84) 38. 1% (76) 28. 1% (75) 2.7% (84) ITALY 3.1% (73) 84.4% (84) 2.7% (84) -705 (85) - 148 (76) -5,385 (84) -2.233 (76) 240 (84) -608 (76) -2.430 (85) -2,580 (76) -6,054 (84) - 4,238 (76) -1.720 (84) -701 (76) JORDAN 2.1% (73) 4.8% (84) 1.7% (83) - 163 (85) 2.3% (76) -13 (76) 7. 1% (84) -2,081 (84) 5.0% (76) -1.430 (76) -916 (84) -428 (76) 24.5% (83) 999 (85) 32.0% (76) -634 (76) 1.8% (84) -2.902 (84) -2.890 (76) - 269 (84) 36 (76) 26.2% (82) 22.6% (76) 26.5% (84) 29.0% (76) 17.2% (84) 9.6% (84) 9.6% (73) LEBANON MOROCCO 2.8% (84) OMAN 4.5% (73) 8.3% (84) 1% (84) POLANO 6.1% (73) 16.4% (84) 33.7% (83) 39.3% (76) 59.3% (84) 76.0% (76) -1,407 (84) -1,061 (76) 1.781 (84) 596 (76) 23.9% (83) 42.9% (76) 22.2% (84) 15, 1% (76) 1.5% (84) PORTUGAL 19.4% (84) 4.9% (83) -988 (84) 6.2% (76) -1.397 (76) 23.9% (84) 148 (84) 30.7% (76) 37 (76) 3.5% (84) SPAIN 20.5% (84) 2.7% (84) TUNISIA 1.6% (73) 16.4% (84) 4.1% (84) 5.5% (73) TURKEY 9.9% (84) 2.9% (84) 35.5% (77) 39.2% (76) 32.0% (83) 21.7% (76) 39.4% (82) 31.9% (76) 24.3% (83) 23.3% (76) 36.9% (84) 17.5% (76) 4.1% (73) - 1.458 (85) -2. 169 (76) -3,981 (84) -7,312 (76) -923 (85) -644 (76) -2.937 (85) -2,912 (76) -1.229 (85) -462 (76) 18.7% (77) 29.8% (76) 19. 1% (83) 4.2% (76) 13.0% (82) 10.3% (76) 7.5% (81) 8.4% (76) 51.8% (84) -13.4% (76) 42.4% (84) YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC 4.4% (75) 379 (85) -1,280 (76) 1.4% (83) 2,323 (84) 1.2% (76) -4,296 (76) 4.0% (82) -536 (85) 1.4% (76) - 406 (76) 2.9% (84) -1.006 (85) 3.7% (76) -2,028 (76) 14.0% (84) -335 (85) 6.8% (76) 296 (76) 5.9% (84) 8. 1% (73) 12.6% (84) CP SUNARY CRY) (1976) 3.8% 5.3% • 21.6% 53.6%6 SO. 6% & -1.903 -2,324 & 23. 1X & 19.5% & 10.4% 17.6% - 291 & -1.350 & • • ARITHMETIC MEAN, & • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 18 ARO..OV AVEC ANAAL AVERAGE ANAAL AGE ARRA MP AOI02 -O! 481 2 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART REGIONAL SUMMARY, FYOB (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENDING AS X GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS % GOVT EXPENSES AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INF LATION 1973-19 GOVERNMENT EXPENDI - TURES AS % GNP TRADE BALANCE SUS MILLION > ) 12.2% (84) 6.4% (73) -2.9% (84) 16.2% (76) 21.9% (83) 1.9% (76) 27.9% (83) 41.2% (76) 4.223 (85) 528 (76) -41 (84) 8 (76) 8,532 (77) 7,988 (76) 4,970 (77) 3.585 (76) 5, 473 (85) 6.320 (76) 4.640 (85) 4,470 (76) 7,553 (85) 25, 246 (76) -1.942 (84) -1,037 (76) 1.015 (85) -887 (76) -11 (84) -341 (76) 2.4% (83) 5.081 (77) 12. 1% (76) 4,717 (76) 2.990 (77) 2,495 (76) .5% (84) 5.616 (05) 6.929 (76) 2.520 (BS) 2.844 (76) - 12.965 (85) 14.360 (76) 14.4% (61) -852 (84) 14.6% (76) - 772 (76) - 46.0% (72) 45.4% (84) 9.2% (84) 1.5% (73) 10.8% (84) 3.0% (73) 14. 1% (84) 16.4% (81) 19.3% (76) 6.0% (73) 11.9% (84) - 402 & 6,455 & 7.0% (73) 14.6% & - 26.8% 16.7% & 4,320 9,339 6 25.4% . % - 353 3, 272 6 REGION: NEAR EAST SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL GROVTH IN GOP 1973-19 AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP % 1965-19 > 3.6% (84) ALGERIA BAHRAIN IRAN IRAO -0.1% (84) KUWAIT -1.1% (84) LIBYA 5.9% (84) SAUDI ARABIA 4.5% (84) SYRIA 11.6% 9.2% 17.5% & 2.6% 1.6 1.602 6 4,583 & 18.8% & NCP SUMMARY (KRY) (1976) 51.1% & 50.6% & 18.8% • 5.15 3.5% REGION SUMMARY (CRY) (1976) • • ARITHMETIC MEAN, & WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 19 482 OVERVIEW OF ASIA AND THE NEAR EAST 21 12 3 WA 483 REGIONAL OVERVIEW ASIA AND NEAR EAST FY 1988 (Request) 349,890 54,040 295,850 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 442,105 336,318 90,636 58,554 351,469 277,764 Category Development Assistance Loan Grant 2,787,500 27,069 2,760,431 2,960,790 125,235 2,835,555 4,006,360 95,556 3,910,804 3,137,390 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaste: Assistance TOTALS 3,297, 108 974 4,449,439 516,008 396,000 120,008 513,715 392,500 121,215 654,754 506,900 147,854 P.L 480 Title Title 11 3 / 3,653,398 21 1/ 3,810,823 5,104,193 TOTALS Title II levels do not include the World Food Program. See Main Volume PL 480 tables for country breakout of the World Food Program. 11 The FY 1986 total includes the following: $84.917 million of FY 1985 deobligated funds and $99.013 million of PY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $183.930 million reobligated in FY 1986; $1.362 million ESF local costs support and $3.961 million DA local costs support for a total of $5.323 million; $1,198.899 million of FY 1983, FY 1985 and FY 1986 ESF Supplemental Appropriation; $82.0 million PL 480 Title III for Bangladesh; $974 thousand International Disaster Assistance. 21 The FY 1987 total includes the following: 56.720 million Esf local costs support; $6.467 million no-year funds from the FY 1983 Supplemental Appropriation for Lebanon; $90.0 million from the FY 1985 supplemental Appropriation for Jordan; $37.0 million ESP for the FY 1987 supplemental request. supplemental annex for detail; See $52.0 million PL 480 Title III for Bangladesh. The FY 1987 total does not include $8.337 million DA local costs support. 3) The FY 1988 total includes $60.0 million PL 480 Title III for Bangladesh. 21A 484 ASLA AND NEAR EAST REGIONAL OVERVIEW th A.I.D.'s Asia and Near East Bureau administers programs which serve a broad range of political and economic objectives. Geographically, the Bureau 1 responsible for a span of countries from Western Europe through the Middle East to Asia and the Pacific. These countries' econonies differ greatly and they confront very different development problems, from those of the very poor countries of South Asia to Middle Eastern countries with severe balance-of-payments problems to comparatively sophisticated middle-income countries in Europe. In much of the region, the United States' own economic interests are growing rapidly as these countries are becoming more important trading partners. Countries in the region also provide vital support for many of the United States' most important foreign policy objectives. ate Nevertheless, the FY 1988 foreign economic assistance budget for Asia and Near East is austere, with reduced levels proposed for many countries in comparison to FY 1987. de u.s. Interest and objectives In virtually all countries of the region, the United States has multiple policy objectives, ranging from peacemaking to narcotics control to child survival. These objectives are often interrelated and interdependent. Por example, programs which promote economic growth can support U.S. foreign policy by assisting a friendly government and can also encourage increased exports of 0.s. agricultural commodities. Thus, successful foreign assistance programs such as those of the Asia and Near East Bureau can have a significant impact on diverse U.S. Interests. llet Foreign Policy Interests and Objectives In the Asia and Near East Region, foreign assistance serves important U.S. foreign policy objectives, including: Middle East Peace. In furtherance of the objectives of the Camp David Accords, Israel and Egypt are the largest recipients of U.S. economic assistance. Programs for the West Bank and Gaza demonstrate U.S. concern for the quality of life of the people living in those areas, while the Middle East Regional Cooperation Program promotes improved relations between Israel and surrounding Arab nations. Assistance to Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Oman and Yenen supports the economic development and political stability of moderate Arab nations and indirectly supports the Middle East peace proceso. ez #1 01 Southern NATO Economic Stability. Turkey, Portugal and Spain have be 22 485 ASIA AND NEAR EAST democratic governments which need economic growth to help ensure continued political stability. As members of the NATO alliance, these countries also provide access to bases and other facilities for the U.S. military. Southwest Asian Independence, including assistance to Pakistan and humanitarian assistance to Afghan freedom fighters. The Soviet lavasion of Afghanistan poses a substantial threat to U.S. Interests in the region which include access to the Persian Gulf for free world shipping. A.I.D.'s programs support Pakistan's development and provide support for resistance to Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. Philippines Democracy. The transition to the new government of President Corazon Aquino has created an opportunity for the Philippine people to participate not only in an open democracy but also in market-oriented economic development. The United States also maintains strategic bases at Subic Bay and Clark Field wilch are essential to the U.S. military position in East Asia. Southeast Asia and Pacific Security, including assistance to Thailand, Indonesia and the South Pacific. The United States supports the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' and other nations' attempts to check expanding Soviet influence and presence in the region. The United States also provides political and financial support to non-communist resistance efforts to displace Viet nanese occupation forces in Cambodia. Development and Humanitarian Interests and Objectives Just as the diverse countries of this region are the focus of many of the United States' most important foreign policy concerns, they also present A.1.D. with its most important development challenges. A successful response to these challenges will greatly enhance prospects for long-term peace and stability in the region and in the world as a whole. Development programs in this region can also affect by far the greatest numbers of poor people and thereby have the greatest impact on important related issues such as natural resource use and preservation of the environment. Our most laportant developmental objectives in the region include: Increased economic growth to help ellminate the poverty which 18 80 widespread in the region. The economies of this region, excluding Europe, encompass 1.4 billion people with an average per capita income less than $380 per year. While there is great diversity among countries and even within countries, the overriding developmental concern must be the vast numbers of people trapped in deep and oppressive poverty. Economic growth has provided the basis for improvement in countries such as 23 486 ASIA AND NEAR EAST Malaysia and Korea and is essential to reducing poverty in others. 15. leo Elimination of hunger and malnutrition depends on the creation of productive employment in rural areas and the growth of rural incones. While many of the countries in the region have made remarkable strides in increasing agricultural productivity, employment and output, hunger and malnutrition continue to be significant problems, particularly among the unemployed and underemployed. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's definition, over 500 million people in the region receive less than enough calories to sustain an active working life. the Improved access to family planning services will enable couples who so desire to control the size of their families. Most of the countries in the region recognize the intense demand on already scarce resources created by rapid population growth. In some, the rate of growth 18 beginning to be reduced. Thailand's growth rate has fallen from 2.9% per year in 1970 to 1.8% in 1986 and Indonesia's from 2.7% to 2.1%. In others, however, rapid growth continues. Bangladesh, which is smaller than Georgia, continues to expand at 2.7% per year, a rate which will double Its 104 million population in 26 years. Yemen 18 growing at 2.92 per year. In many cases, this population growth is driven by unwanted births in poor families and results in more hunger, higher infant mortality and reduced productivity of rural wonen. Reduced child and Infant mortality would enhance the lives of millions of families throughout the region. Many of the countries continue to have very high annual infant mortality rates, with Yemen at 140 infant deaths per thousand live births and Bangladesh at 138. For the region as a whole, over 7 million children under 5 years of age die each year, primarily in the densely populated countries of South Asia. Most of these deaths could be prevented by comparatively simple, inexpensive means. The potential humanitarian impact of successful programs 1s tremendous, and the Improved family security and productivity would have a significant economic Impact as well. Improved systems for generating and using energy are essential for agricultural and Industrial growth. More efficient use of energy also helps to conserve scarce foreign exchange for development investments. In rural areas, access to fuelwood 18 important for heating hones and for cooking. Energy use must continue to grow rapidly throughout the region to permit economic growth and to accommodate increased population growth. At the same time, it will be important that this expanded energy use take place in ways that preserve the environment. 24 487 ASIA AND NEAR EAST U.S. Economic Interests and Objectives Foreign aid to Asia and the Near East 18 designed to serve v.s. foreign policy objectives and to help poor people in developing countries. It also directly serves U.S. economic interests: the growing economies of Asia and the Near East offer prospects for advancement of our own economy. Our foreign economic assistance programs will contribute to future growth in the U.S. economy by: Providing new markets for U.S. manufacturing exports. Between 1975 and 1985, the value of u.s. manufacturing exports to A.I.D. recipient countries in Asia and the Near East nearly doubled, to over $8 billion. Growth in these economies will permit further expansion of u.s. trading relationships. Our foreign assistance programs stimulate such growth in recipient countries and also provide acces8 for V.S. manufacturers. Given the size of their economies, their productivity, and their potential for future expansion, the importance of u.s. programs in this region 18 clear. Por comparison, the Japanese in 1984 provided 20% more economic assistance to these countries excluding Europe, Israel and Egypt than the United States did; and the Japanese ere increasing their assistance. Providing new markets for U.S. agricultural exports. As the countries of Asia and the Near East grow and as their rural incomes expand, the demand for, agricultural exports from the United States will also expand. These countries already take over $2 billion of u.s. agricultural exports. Though their own agricultural output is also growing, hunger and malnutrition continue to be problems. Purthermore, population growth in this region will inevitably add hundreds of millions of new mouths to be fed by the end of this century. The potential for further expansion of V.S. agricultural exports to the region 18 great, but competition is also growing exports to these countries from the European Economic Community were slightly higher in 1985 than u.s. exports The Helping to control the flow of 11legal drugs to the United States. Significant progress has been made in recent years. countries of Asia and the Near East no longer represent the principal source of illegal drugs in the United States, Nevertheless, production and transshipment remain important problems, and continued support to countries in the region, particularly Pakistan, Burma and Thailand, 1s essential to efforts to control 11licit drug traffic. Alle's Strategy and Prosrang Since there is so much diversity among countries in the Asia and Near East Region, A.I.D.'s strategy and programs must be tailored to each situation. 25 488 ASIA AND NEAR EAST A.I.D.'s unique field mission structure adapts broad policy guidance to the economic needs of individual recipient countries and develops country- specific strategies and programs. This field mission structure also permits continuous dialogue with recipient governments and facilitates coordination of programs with other donors. To focus these individual country programs to best serve U.S. foreign policy, developmental and economic Interests, the Asia and Near East Bureau concentrates on programs which will help recipient countries: Ad just to the changing international economy. Many countries in the region have pursued policies which have left their economies so distorted they are unable to grow and therefore to provide employment and basic necessities for their people. Balance-of-payments deficits have been financed by heavy external borrowing, and the resulting debt service burden has choked off development investment. Domestic Industries have been protected by trade barriers and subsidies; but as a result these industries cannot compete in international markets and can survive only with government financing. Budget deficits have soared as countries have attempted to ensure minimal living standards by subsidizing such services as health and controlling prices on basic commodities such as food. The end result has been rampant Inflation A poorly designed policy framework has left many countries in the region with sharply limited prospects for economic growth and has undermined the impact of development Investments, including those from foreign donors. A.I.D.'s objective is to help these countries ad just their policies so their economies respond efficiently in international and domestic markets and provide for the economic growth which is essential to development and improved living standards. In many cases, structural adjustment programs take place in the context of a formal International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreement and are supported by ma jor donor and creditor countries: the Philippines, Morocco and Tunisia are examples. The World Bank usually participates as well, with A.I.D. using its resources to support a specific and important policy refom, such as rationalization of trade or credit policy. In Bangladesh and Nepal, the IMF 18 developing the first in Asia of 1t8 Structural Adjustment Facility credits to support the Baker Initiative for assistance to the least developed countries. In other countries such as Turkey and Israel, direct balance-of-payments support 18 used by A.1.D. to assist formulation of improved policies or to bolster measures already adopted and being implemented by the countries themselves. In others, such as Pakistan and Egypt, large A.I.D. programs contribute to ongoing consultations on an appropriate policy framework. In all cases, however, A.I.D. and 26 489 ASIA AND NEAR EAST recipient countries are working toward a policy framework which vill encourage econonic growth. Strengthen the role of the private sector. The private sector must provide the resources and managerial expertise necessary to accelerate development in the region. Governments have reached and in some cases exceeded the limits of their ability to tax and bore frequently to borrow as means of generating revenue. As important, the private sector responds more efficiently to market signals, helping to ensure an economically rational allocation of scarce resources. There are three elements to successful programs to strengthen the role of the private sector. First, the policy structure must permit free operation of marketo and must provide appropriate incentives for entrepreneurs and Investors, both domestic and foreign. In Bangladesh, for example, price controls on fertilizer have been progressively relaxed and private distributors admitted to the market as part of A.I.D.'s fertilizer distribution project. Second, governments are being encouraged to privatize state-owned enterprises so the efficiency of their operations 1s Increased and they no longer drain government resources. In Tunisia, A.I.D. 18 helping to sponsor a conference of nations from Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to exchange Information and experience on privatization, which is an important element of Tunisia's new economic reform program. In Jordan, A.I.D. has transformed its program to focus on promotion of the private sector, including support for privatization. Third, the private sector must participate directly in A.I.D. and government-sponsored development programs. In Pakistan, A.I.D. and the government have proposed that at least 50% of mining operations under the Lakhra coal project be owned by the private sector. A.1.D. is also developing a project to support the government's policy of encouraging private investment in power generation for sale to the national grid. In Northern Ireland and Ireland, the United States has reached agreemeat with the British and Irish Governments that the new International Fund will give priority to private sector projects. In most countries in the region, A.I.D. has had a long and successful cooperative relationship with u.s. and host country private voluntary organizations. The PVOB will continue their important private sector development ro in Asia and the Near East. Improve rural living standards. For many countries in the region, the single factor which will lwprove the lives of the most people 18 more productive employment and higher rural incomes. This will 27 490 ASIA AND NEAR EAST mean increased ability of the poor to procure food and thereby reduce hunger. It will mean increased effective demand for domestic agricultural output. As an important corollary, it will mean growing demand for agricultural exports of the United States. 0 The key to increasing rural incomes must lie with the private sector, and new employment must come both in agriculture and do labor intensive enterprise. In agriculture, crop diversification and intensification of land use offer the best promise for increasing the incones of marginal farmers. In Bangladesh, A.I.D.'s Agricultural Research project is working on new farming systems for corn and vegetables which can be double cropped with rice on small plots irrigated by tubevells. In Thailand, A.I.D. will provide credit for rural Industries, especially in agribusiness. The policy environment 18 also critical to success of rural productivity programs. Farmers are good businessmen; they will not produce if they cannot make a profit. In many countries la the region, including Egypt, A.I.D. 18 encouraging goverments to eliminate artificially low official procurement prices. Similarly, entrepreneurs in rural areas will not employ substantial additional labor if government policies, including exchange rate policies, are biased in favor of capital. In Sri Lanka, the new Rural Development project will support policy reforms designed to promote the introduction of small, labor- intensive businesses in the Mahawelt Basin development area. pre 1 BE 1 Enhance the effectiveness of development Institutions. In most countries of the region, development progress has been hindered by ineffective performance of critical institutions from private capital markets to agricultural research institutions to government ministries. Frequently, inefficient and irrelevant basic educational systems fail to furnish the human resources which are essential for development. Indonesia, Nepal and Yemen have recently assessed their programs and are currently developing policies to improve the efficiency and quality of their educational systems. In some cases, lack of skilled manpower 18 the critical element which is missing. In response, A.I.D. vill train over 6,500 participants from the Asia and Near East Region during FY 1987. In other cases, effective performance depends on a complex set of relationships between Institutions and the private sector, including farmers and agribusinessmen. New information and knowledge must pass efficiently so it can be utilized in the marketplace. In Pakistan, a new project will strive to improve the performance of the many important developmental institutions which have been created since independence. In Yemen, A.I.D. will continue support for the governmental and research institutions which help guide diversification and modernization of a very rudinentary € 28 491 ASIA AND NEAR EAST agricultural system. Ensure availability of fanily planning and child survival services. Simple, inexpensive means already exist for preventing unwanted births and for saving the lives of millions of young children. In many cases, however, delivery systems do not exist to ensure that pills and condone, oral rehydration salts, and Immunizations are widely available in rural areas. A.I.D. has helped develop social marketing systems--use of private distributors and shopkeepers--as a cost-effective system for delivering both family planning and child survival supplies in Egypt and Bangladesh. In Morocco, a new program of Immunization for neo-natal tetanus has been introduced through the government health system, while in India A.I.D. intends to work with UNICEF to expand its immunization program. In addition to strengthening distribution systems and in some cases actual provision of goods and services, A.1.D. 18 stressing the importance of public education. For example, it is essential that families be fully informed of family planning alternatives and that mothers understand when and how to use oral rehydration salts. In Nepal village health workers are being used to provide training, and mass media advertizing 18 being used in both Egypt and Bangladesh. Adopt new technologies for development. Sustained increases in productivity and output in both agriculture and industry will depend on Introduction of new technologies. To some extent, developing countries have been able to rely on developed countries and international Institutions to provide new technologies. However, these technologies must be appropriate to conditions in the country in which they are introduced, and this process of adaptation is best managed by local institutions and scientists. In addition, the sustained growth of local industry, including agribusiness and labor-intensive manufacturing, depends on an effective science and technology infrastructure for invention and innovation. In India and Thailand, where science and technology 18 an important focus of our programs, A.I.D. 18 assisting with the commercialization of new technologies and helping to improve the effectiveness of the substantial scientific resources which already exist in both countries. In addition, agricultural research to introduce new farming systems and encourage agricultural diversification is a common focus of many country programs in the region. Conserve natural resources and protect the environment. Economic growth and population expansion will combine to create substantial additional demands on resources in most countries in Asia and the 29 492 ASIA AND NEAR EAST Near East. The ability of these countries to sustain development progress and to maintain an acceptable quality of life for their people will depend in large measure on their ability to manage their natural resources effectively and protect the environment. The Asia and Near East Bureau 18 helping countries address specific problems such as water resources management, tropical deforestation and biological diversity and is providing assistance for Institutional development and training in natural resources and environmental management. Working cooperatively with the U.S. Plsh and Wildlife Service, a new Biological Diversity Small Grants Program will assist Morocco and Jordan with parks and wildlife preserves, will provide biological surveys in Nepal, Oman, Philippines, Thailand and Sri Lanka and will introduce biological diversity training programs in India, Pakistan and Turkey. In Egypt, Jordan and Oman, water supply and wastewater treatment projecte protect water resources and improve environmental health. Forestry programs in India, Pakistan and Nepal help protect and restore forests through community participation to preserve watersheds and control erosion In Thailand, a new project will help the government and the private sector adopt modern planning and resource management techniques. unt Progress and Accomplishmente In many ways, the countries of Asia and the Near East have made remarkable developmental progress, and U.S. foreign assistance has played a critical role. Most countries have expanded food production rapidly through the Introduction of irrigation and high-yielding varieties of seeds. As a result, many are now near market self-sufficiency in food, though substantial additional food must be made available through production and imports to reduce hunger and malnutrition and to feed growing populations. Most of these countries have accepted the importance of providing family planning services, and several such as Indonesia and Thailand have been able to reduce birth rates significantly. Most have recognized the benefits of the new child survival technologies and have begun programs to substantially reduce infant mortality. Unfortunately, this progress has been stymied by poor economic policies which have left most of the countries in the region vulnerable to a rapidly changing international economy. Even in terms of policy reforn, however, the past year has resulted in important progress. Most countries now recognize the need for effective debt management, control of government spending and the need for economic growth. Tunisia, Morocco, Turkey, Beypt, Israel, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Indonesia are all Implementing economic reform programs with A.I.D.'s assistance. Once an These 30 493 ASIA AND NEAR EAST appropriate policy structure is in place, developmental progress will accelerate. In supporting policy reform, A.I.D. has found commodity import programs, cash transfers and other fast-diabursing assistance mechanisms to be invaluable. Por example, in Pakistan, the Agricultural Commodities and Equipment program finances imports of fertilizer and agricultural equipment to be used in che rehabilitation of Pakistan's large irrigation network. In conjunction with the program, major policy reforms in fertilizer distribution have been introduced during the past five years. Private sector distribution of laported phosphate fertilizer increased from 33% to 50% and will soon increase to 60%. Urea production and distribution was deregulated, resulting in nearly $41 million in subsidy savings. As a result of increasing efficiencies in the fertilizer sub-sector and favorable weather, urea offtake has increased 20%. In agriculture it will be increasingly important to emphasize rural productivity and employment. A.I.D. is working on new approaches in several countries, including Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The Bicol River Basin Development Program in the Philippines provides one model for success. The Bicol region was one of the poorest in the Philippines, with declining per capita income averaging 49% of the national mean in 1974 and with high rates of malnutrition, morbidity and mortality. A.I.D. provided $29 million over a ten-year period for basic and productive Infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and irrigation facilities. The Philippines government and other donors contributed extension and health services. As a result, incomes in many areas increased by over 25%, rice production more than doubled, sugar cane production tripled, and Infant mortality was reduced by nearly 33%. It will also be essential to create viable institutions which can ensure the long-run austainability of developmental progress. In Morocco, A.I.D, 18 working with the Agronomic and Veterinary Institute of Hassan II University to help establish a university-level training and research institution which can provide the managers, scientists, and technicians required to modernize the agriculture sector. By 1990, this project will have financed training for 140 doctoral candidates, 28 M.S. degrees and 152 of the Moroccan equivalent of B.S. degrees. One of the most impressive achievements of the Institute, which is modeled along the lines of the v.s. Land Grant Colleges, 18 the degree of "Moroccanization" of the staff -- over 90% of its staff of 350 18 now Moroccan. Already, the Institute has been instrumental in improving research on disease-resistant barley varieties, on crop viruses, and in the development of a comprehensive so118 capability nap. Graduates have identified eight promising high-yielding cereal varieties for on-farm testing. In family planning and child survival, social marketing through the private sector has proven a very successful innovation for delivering commodities. These programs use existing market infrastructure and commercial sector techniques to achieve greater contraceptive prevalence at low cost. 31 494 ASIA AND NEAR EAST Programs in Bangladesh, Egypt and Nepal have been especially successful. In Nepal, contraceptive sales have increased every year since the program's Inception--by 20% in 1985 over 1984. In Bangladesh, net operating costs per couple year of protection were $28 in 1975 and at present are under $2. In large measure, the ability to replicate successful prograns depends on an effective system for evaluating programs and projects. The Asia and Near East Bureau has developed a comprehensive evaluation process which permits assessment of project performance and of the impact of A.I.D.'s programs in recipient countries. As a result, available resources are used as effectively as possible to achieve U.S. foreign policy, developmental and economic objectives. 32 495 Afghanistan 33 961 COUNTRY: FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (306) AFGHANISTAN BASIC DATA *FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 13.981 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) ASPHALT .BITUMEN .PETROLEUM PROOS EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( ) (1984) 13 . PER CAPITA ON (DOLLARS. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. (1965-83) 0.5% ANNWAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOU 20% OF POPULATION..( (1985) .) house MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984 ) MACHINERY MACHINE TOOLS , IRONA STEEL PROD IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( ) 8 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 41.3 MALE 42.1 (1970) TOTAL 35. 3 MALE 36. 1 6 (1984) .% ( ) (1985) .) FEMALE 40.4 FEMALE 34.3 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)( .) .(.) .(.) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 20% MALE 33% FEMALE 6% TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , GERMANY FEDER, PAKISTAN EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP ( ) X AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) -2.3X {:} • SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 45 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.5% (1978) 2.6% (1986) 0.7% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) (1986) 19% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 (1986) 7 SUBSISTENCE: WEAT ,CORN ,BARLEY 85% (1985) CASH: COTTON ,VEGETABLES .. 8% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1972) 2.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON .NUTS FRUIT POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 43.7% (15-64YRS) 53.7% (65+ YRS) 2.6% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) VEGETABLE OILS ,WEAT INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 180 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1979) 60X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 13,467 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1982) INTESTINAL INFEC,FOOD POISONING PULMONARY TUBERC .) . (.) C.) DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) • (.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) dox DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S WILLIONS, U.S.) .) C.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 10% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( .) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF CNP .) · XC . XC.) X PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 16.2 MALE 71.1 FEMALE SECONDARY (1901) TOTAL 7.1 MALE 10.2 FEMALE 2.2 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 1.3 MALE 2.2 FEMALE 0.4 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 450 (84) 474 (B5) 295 EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION .( 1964) 393x :pul 34 2 3902533) 497 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) 17,848 FY 1988 (Request) 15,000 Development Assistance Loon Grant 17,848 15,000 18,308 12,152 15,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other" 18,308 12,152 15,000 TOTALS 18,308 30,000 30,000 P.L. 480 8,897 2,966 Titel Title 10 8,897 2,966 31 TOTALS 27,205 11 32,966 21 30,000 1 F 1986 total excludes $20 thousand in ESF local costs support, includes $3.550 million of FY 1985 deobligations from Syria reobligated in FY 1986. 21 FY 1987 total includes $145 thousand ESF local costs support, 31 If the current Title II program is successful, we would anticipate providing PL 480 assistance in FY 1988, and such funds would come from the PL 480 reserves. FY 1987 (R0q4.298 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY Category 1986 FY Actuall (Estimated) U.S. National 4 6 7 Foreign National ILIALS 6 7 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear + 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA: FY FY Actual) (Estimated) TC Total А T Total FY (Request) T A Total Category A5 U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral de Regional TOTALS In-training refer to the sum of participant new starto during the FY & carryovera stůl in training from the prior FY, Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programa Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE, AMDP). Academic: degree soeking AIO 370-2 (8 . 35 498 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 8 Introduction 1 The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, aroused innediate worldwide opposition. The war continues today in the forn of a nationwide insurgency against the Soviets and the Najibullah regine (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan-DRA). Despite widespread military action, bombings of villages, hanlets and nomad camps, destruction of crops and livestock, and reprisals against non-combatants as a means of wearing down civilian support for the resistance, the "mujahidin' have continued their staunch resistance effort, inflicting serious losses on the Soviet Invaders and the DRA forces. A large majority of the Afghan civilians in the countryside and many of the towns and cities continue to support the mujahidin, but have increasing need for humanitarian assistance in order to sustain themselves in Afghanistan and their support for the resistance. 1 In their fight for national survival, the Afghans are paying a heavy price. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNECR), more than 4.6 million people -- one quarter to one third of the 1979 Afghan population -- have become refugees in Pakistan, Iran, and elsewhere. The Government of Pakistan estimates that some three million Afghan refugees are in Pakistan, constituting the world's largest refugee population. LE 2 The Soviet invasion has seriously disrupted economic life in Afghanistan, one of the world's most 180lated and economically underdeveloped countries. As war has raged through the agricultural valle's, infrastructure, including vitally important irrigation systems, has been severely damaged, in some cases irreparably. Resulting food shortages in some areas have required foodgrains to be imported in order to fill the gap, but distribution problems are serious, A very high percent of the public transportation vehicles, all communication cables, and significant numbers of other public installations remain unusable, and Afghans displaced in the countryside by combat are particularly vulnerable to food shortages and disease. 10 19 it Ic $ 1 16 The medical situation is especially serious. In Afghanistan, thousands are killed, maimed, and wounded each year. Public health care was never adequate in Afghanistan, and even that poor standard has declined sharply. 1 1 Education has deteriorated considerably from substandard to nonexistent in most areas since the Soviet invasion. The public schools run by the regime have closed everywhere except in a few major cities. Some 80% of the pre-war Afghan teachers are no longer in their classrooms, having been executed, imprisoned, or forced to flee the country. Thousands of Afghans have been sent for "study' to the Soviet Union or other Eastern Bloc countries. ! 12 36 499 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE The outlook for the immediate future is grin. The expectation is that the fighting will continue for the forseeable future. The Soviets seen intent on a long-tern strategy based on maintaining the current regime in Kabul, vearing down the resistance, and 'Sovietizing' the Afghan government, economy, society, and people. The mujahidin appear willing to pay the heavy cost of continuing their struggle. The United States publicly opposes the continuing Soviet occupation and strongly supports the United Nations General Assembly's calls for a negotiated political settlement based on four principles: (1) complete withdrawal of Soviet troops; (2) restoration of an independent and nonaligned Afghanistan; (3) self-determination for the Afghan people, and (4) return of the refugees in safety and honor. U. S. actions are aimed at keeping the pressure on the Soviets to negotiate a political solution. the ground the resistance fighters maintain this pressure. Humanitarian assistance to the civilian population enables them to continue to live inside their own country and support the resistance fighters. On 1.1.D. Hunanitarian Assistance Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The lunediate objective of 1.1.D. humanitarian assistance for the Afghans le to leprove the ability of the Afghans to sustain themselves inside Afghanistan, In alleviating the suffering of the people in 'free' areas of Afghanistan, 1.1.D. seeks to address some of the factors forcing rural Afghans to emigrate to Soviet-DRA controlled urban areas in Afghanistan, or to refugee camps in Pakistan or Iran. Bventually, we hope to reduce the flow of refugees and ultimately to encourage the voluntary repatriation of Afghans to resistance-controlled areas. Through our assistance to the Afghan resistance to develop networks of social services, the mujahidin will be able to offer essential services to the population that supports then. The Afghan refugees in Pakistan are supplied with food, shelter, fuel for cooking and heating, health care, water, education and vocational training, and a variety of income generation opportunities. The expense is borne by Pakistan and the international community, primarily through the UNHCR and the World Pood Program. Major contributors to the relief program are Japan, Western European countries, the United States, Saudi Arabia and other Arab states of the Gulf. The 0.s. Government contributed about $65 million for the Afghan refugees in fiscal year 1986, including $42 million through the World Food Program. This was approximately one third of the total International contribution for Afghan refugee relief. Including PY 1987 pledges, 0.s. contributions to the Afghan refugee relief program total almost $500 aillion. la by 1986, 1.1.D. made $10 million available to Buropean and 0.s. private voluntary agencies (PVOS) to implement grants in health, education, food ald, and agricultural production for war-affected Afghans. In PY 1986, 1.1.D. also initiated a long-term program of humanitarian assistance, 37 500 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE mu beginning with the establishment of a separate A.I.D. Afghanistan Affairs office in Islamabad, Pakistan. The program developed in PY 1986 included an Bconomic Support Fund (ESP) program ($14,758,000), a PL-480 Title II emergency relief food grant for war-affected Afghans, and the implementation overseas of the Department of Defense-funded 'McCollum Amendment" program. This program finances transportation costs for humanitarian commodities and war-affected Afghan patients needing treatment abroad ($10,000,000). RED TO the In PY 1986 the program funded from new appropriations included three new projects in health, education, and commodity support as described below. They are being implemented with the seven party resistance Alliance which has formed health, education, and logistics committees to guide the implementation of these projects. As a part of its total program, A.I.D. continued to support the existing private voluntary agency programs of support to war-affected Afghans and provided funding to a new PVO, Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA), which will work with the newly-formed Alliance Agricultural Committee to increase agricultural production. The A.1.D. program now includes the following projects: tes 1.08 Health: The Health Sector Support project (306-0203) 18 developing extensive curative health services for war-related injuries as well as normal medical needs and preventive services for basic public health, including maternal and child care (MCH). These services will greatly expand what is now available in-country, and will include systems to provide logistics support for health units in Afghanistan, and commodities required for emergency health interventions, immunization equipment, medicines, and bandages. The project is implementing a training program for medics and nurses for emergency care, and establishing mobile health clinics and hospitals for urgent care. The Management Sciences for Health, a 0.8.-organization, provides technical assistance to the seven party Alliance Health Committee and also to the Pvos active in the health sector. vetected Education: The Bducation Sector Support project (306-0202) will be implemented through the Education Committee which will be assisted by A.1.D.-financed technical assistance from the Center for Afghanistan Studies of the University of Nebraska at Omaha. The project is developing an Bducation Center for Afghanistan and providing direct support (textbooks, supplies, teacher training and stipends) to the Afghan resistance primary education system. The project will eventually support twenty-one primary schools in Afghanistan. ::.* Commodity support: In response to widespread destruction of the basic means of production in cural Afghanistan, the 1.1.D. Commodity Export Program profect (306-0205) 18 making available a wide range of humanitarian goods. The American Manufacturers Export Group (AMEG), under contract to 1.I.D., will develop a supply system for humanitarian goods to war-affected Afghans. Requests for commodities will be coordinated through the Alliance logistics committee. AMBG will handle procurement, logistics, and commodity accounting within Pakistan. The majority of goods will be 38 501 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE supplied from Pakistan, but some will be procured in the United States and other countries. A wide range of basic humanitarian goods will be furnished, such as food, agricultural commodities, medical supplies, transport items, shelter, and animals. Private Voluntary Organizations PVOS): The PVO Co-Financing project (306-0201) Includes funding Eor a variety of PVO sub-projects. These humanitarian activities are relatively simple in design and lend themselves to quick implementation. They fall within priority sectors for A.I.D. assistance such as health, food and nutrition, education and human resource development, and agricultural production. In PY 1986, the A.1.0./REP office nade 19 grants for programs in health, eduction, food aid, and agricultural production. Support is provided to PVO8 from 0.s. private sources, Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and international organizations. In the Technical Services and support project (306-0200), A.I.D. assists the Afghanistan resistance to identify, develop and evaluate priority humanitarian assistance projects which will improve the ability of Afghans in 'free' areas to sustain themselves within Afghanistan, This project provides the needed technical advisory services, auxiliary equipment and local institutional support needed for the effective development and Implementation of discrete projects. The project also funds small activities which do not warrant separate project status. Seed money to establish relationships between 0.$. institutions and resistance Institutions and agencies are also considered. A PL-480 Title 11 grant of wheat (20,000 metric tons) and soybean 011 (12,000 metric tons) was made to the Government of Pakistan in PY 1986 to assist the Government in offsetting its contribution to war-affected Afghans. The PL-480 wheat is being used directly for support of war-affected Afghans, while the vegetable oil is sold to provide funds for transporting the wheat. An additional grant is planned for FY 1987. The A.1.D. Representative's office also administers the Department of Defense McCollum Amendment" program for the purpose of providing transportation for humanitarian relief for persons displaced or who are refugees because of the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union." (Section 305 of PL 99–245). Surplus Department of Defense (Denton Anendnent) and donated humanitarian supplies are being transported for use by war-affected Afghans. Transportation of Afghans for medical treatment 18 also financed with McCollum funds. In PY 1986, 132 wounded Afghans were sent to the United States for specialized treatment unavailable in Pakistan hospitals. The medical services are being donated by 0.s. and European medical specialists and institutions. The International Medical Corps and the Intergovernmental Committee for Migration are assisting in the screening and placement of these patients respectively. 1 d 39 502 AFGHANISTAN HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE FY 1988 Program A.I.D. will continue funding for the projects implemented through the Afghan resistance Alliance, and for a variety of PVO activities being financed through the PVO Co-Financing Project. The program will consist of the following activities begun in FY 1986: Technical Services and Support project (306-0200), PVO Co-Financing (306-0201), Education Sector Support project (306-0202), Health Sector Support project (306-0203), and Commodity Export Program (306-0205). If the current PL 480 Title II program is successful, we would anticipate providing PL 480 assistance in FY 1988 and such funds would come from PL 480 reserves. AID REP: Larry Crandall 40 503 SUNKARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE POJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -91100 -PROPOSED FYSI- XPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ISTIKATED PY17- EXPEN- *TIONS DITURES -91100 -ACTUAL -186- OILIG- EXPEN- ATSONS DITURES -ANNOUGH FYIS- DILIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES LPY OF PY O! 1 INITIAL SIKAL OBLIG OBLIG 306 6.000 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 1.000 2.255 --- 2.000 --- --- 2.000 91 9 ... 3.661 2.000 6.000 6,255 odo --- --- 6.000 3,665 --- . 3.000 255456 4,235 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT OOO GRANTS CO. Siji 900 009 1.923 2.000 --- --- --- 2,200 1.923 00005 --- --- --- --- 2.300 000's 3,000 16 6923 --- 2.500 --- --- DOGS 6.923 -0. 0.923 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.000 29905 LOANS 2.100 4.290 -- 4.000 3.000 --- --- 1.000 0006 2 2.000 --- ... . 36 --- 2.300 41 OUTLAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST AFGHANISTAN LOP PLANNED AUTKO AGRICULTURE AURAL DEY. AND NUTRITION 9,532 305-0201 Vo CO-FINANCING 305-0203 OMNOOITT EXPORT PROGRAN 11.392 LOANS POPULATION LAXNINS 305-0201 PVO CO-FINANCING 305-0203 TEALTN SECTOR SUPPORT $26-5 GRANTS 305-0201 Pro CO-FINANCINO W35-033 TEALTH SECTO SUPPORT 'Roterored project Cofotlar y FY fine button columo - Alcoh the colonial biondolo corto 3,10 fer el projecte Inicie obligation Doctor 31,0 FYtinition 504 SUNSARY 9e ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 305 AFGHANISTAN . PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFT OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 09LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGM FYSS- OLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -4CTUAL FY86- OSLO- 5XPEN ATIONS 2:TURES -ܪܐܬܪܕ - ESTIMATED FY87- EXP ON- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FYO.- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- --- --- 6,293 3.100 6.00 5.552 GRANTS 17.300 . 6,290 3.100 6.000 6.662 LOANS --- EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 36 39 3.900 --- --- --- --- 393 390 3.000 2.750 --- --- --- --- 390 390 3.000 2.750 i 390 390 :: 3.500 2.750 LOANS ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND 87 37 165 .. -- 145 145 --- ... --- --- с : 56 TECHNICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORT 3.500 3,500 548 260 85 550 300 750 3 86 1 15.300 15.000 --- 5,350 2.32) 2.032 5.373 2.000 2.189 --- ... ... ... --- --- 86 3 EDUCATION SECTOR SUPPORT 5.300 8.900 1.100 --- 15 1.000 3 36 39 3.300 15,600 3.500 21 --- 3.000 2.100 2.100 36 39 3 COMMODITY EXPORT PROGRAM 23.035 24.500 --- 3.760 25 9.175 9,000 10, 100 12.000 : 85 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 17.300 305-0202 3 EDUCATION SECTOR SUPPORT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.900 GRANTS 3,000 305-OLCS LOCAL COSTS SUPPORT 305-0200 305-0201 PVO CO-FINANCING 306-0202 304-0203 1LALIN SECTOR SUPPORT 306-0205 393-0290 AFGANISTAN PVO SUPPORT 6.000 6.000 451 24 3.550 3.525 --- 345 --- 'hoten 12 Y Goochie on the author é 505 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATTONS DITURES GUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES APGHANISTAN -THROUGN FY85- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 306 17.039 LOP PLANNED AUTHD • LFY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG 15.000 19, 413 12.152 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 18.308 6,261 17.039 24 15.000 451 19,413 12.152 --- 53980 72.500 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6,261 18.306 24 451 OC GRANTS 58.930 72.500 30.000 32.612 LOANS 23.903 30.000 5,261 18.308 30,000 32.612 24 451 28,903 93,655 72.500 COJNTRY TOTAL 30.003 TOTAL 6,261 18,308 --- 24 --- 451 --- 98,655 72.500 --- GRANTS --- LOANS on the authorlod done 'Roten to the myth 13 Culoart PY al find thon colon-Al projecte de colon with initial obligation data boton December 31, for project with Intel bootlon do to Ducaber 31, 10th FY of function is dan planned det 506 Bangladesh 45 . 507 FY00 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (380) BANGLADESH COUNTRY: BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS. NID 1986) 104, 240 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) JUTE .LEATHER .TEA PER CAPITA ONP... (DOLLARS, 1984) 130 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S NILLIONS. US, FOB) (1983) 104 (1984) 0.6% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 129 (1965) 180 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 16% (1984) 19% (1985) 19% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 9.9% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)FOOD-GRAINS . FUEL . RAV COTTON NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1974) 6.8% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 272 (1984) 256 (1985) 258 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 16% (1984) 12% (1966) 12% (1986) TOTAL 50.2 MALE 51.4 FEMALE 49.0 (1970) TOTAL 47.1 MALE 48.0 FEMALE 46.1 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -1,207(84) -1,408(85)-1.300 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1981) TOTAL 29% MALE 40% FEMALE 18% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES JAPAN , SAUDI ARABIA EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 39.6% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ($ MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 172 ( 1976-1985) -0.3% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 10.6% 3.1% (1986) 2.7% • SOCIAL DATA 2.9% (1978) POPULATION GROWTH RATE... .(1970) (1984) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP ..... 981 POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ( 1970) (1986) . 14% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 (1986) SUBSISTENCE: RICE , WHEAT .BARLEY 83% (1985) CASH: JUTE , SUGARCANE 6% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( 1983) 19.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) JUTE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.2% (15-64YRS) $2.0% (65• YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,RICE , VEGETABLE OILS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 138 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 74% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 7,810 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) LEPROSY , INTESTINAL INFEC, PULMONARY TUBERC ( ) C.) DEATH.. ( . ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ) .C.) C.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) 75% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) .(.) (.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 38% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES ( .) · % (.) . %(.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP. .) % (.) % PRIMARY......... (1983) TOTAL 58.1 MALE 66.3 FEMALE 41.0 SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL 19.8 MALE 31.0 FENALE 7.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 2.3 MALE 3.8 FEMALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 542 (84) 406 (85) 349 EQUIVALENT TO 1.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 63.2% 0.7 46 508 BANGLADESH FY 1988 Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 75,000 63,000 (Request) 60,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 75,000 63,000 60,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 75,000 63,000 60,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 97,979 82,000 15,979 67,476 52,000 15,476 73,915 60,000 13,915 TOTALS 172,9791/ 130,476 2/ 133,915 31 * 1/ FY 1986 total includes $82 million in PL 480 Title III. 2/ FY 1987 total includes $52 million in PL 480 Title III. 31 FY 1988 total includes $60 million in PL 480 Title. III. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE. FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 36 32 32 Foreign National 58 58 58 IIALS 94 90 90 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total Category FY (Request) T Total A5 A U.S. Participants Bilateral d 25 77 102 23 64 87 3 128 131 2 269 271 28 205 233 25 333 358 Regionale 18 45 63 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 13 Regionale 52 65 TOTALS 31 97 128 oIn-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the prior FY. bAcademic: degree seeking. AID 370-21888) Technical: non-degree veeking d Participants funded under bilateral programe Participants funded under regional programs lengan CLASS, AMDP). 47 509 BANGLADESH Introduction Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. Its per capita Gross National Product (GNP) is estimated at $ 130 per year, and a Bangladeshi's physical quality of life ranks among the lowest in the world. Nearly 148 of infants die before the age of one year, life expectancy is 50 years, and literacy is estimated at only 29t. Malnutrition is endemic, especially in chronic food deficit districts. Bangladesh is already the world's most densely populated agrarian country, with over 1,854 people per square mile (1986). Continuing population growth of about 2.78 per year (doubling every 26 years) vitiates recent gains in agricultural production and forces postponement of the Bangladesh Government's (BDG's) goal of food self-sufficiency. Overcrowding in rural areas has increased the number of rural households that are landless, now estimated at over 50 percent and pressures on the land base have resulted in a rapid urban growth rate of about 5.68 per year. Estimates of unemployment range from 234 to 428, and each year about one million people enter the labor force. The agricultural sector cannot absorb significant additional labor, and non-agricultural employment opportunities are also extremely limited. An unskilled human resource base, limited physical infrastructure, lack of natural resources, and inadequate capital combine to retard Industrial growth rates. The country suffers from recurrent climatic disasters, ranging from excessive flooding to drought, which impedes development. Still, there have been some encouraging signs in recent years. A rapid expansion in irrigation has led to increased cropping intensity, and adoption of higher yielding crop varieties and improved agricultural technology. In addition, sound pricing policies have somewhat mitigated the damaging effects of weather on agricultural production. The superior performance of non-governmental organizations in delivering family planning services 18 setting a good example for the Bangladesh Government's population program which has also shown significant improvement in recent years. The BDG is thoroughly aware of the significance of the unemployment problem. In its Third Pive-Year Plan, the government places highest priority on the need to generate off-farm employment opportunities, addition, the continued willingness of the government to make sound sacro-economic policy decisions has increased the country's ability to utilize both domestic and external financial resources more efficiently. However, given the low base from which the country is starting, Bangladesh will continue to be heavily aid-dependent for the foreseeable future, Economic assistance to Bangladesh 18 the 0.s. Government's (USG) principal means of supporting the inter-related objectives of sustained economic growth and stability. Stability 18 a necessary condition for continuing In 48 510 BANGLADESH equitable development and contributes to the important 0.8. goal of regional stability in South and Southeast Asia. America's historic humanitarian concern requires our involvement in meeting the most basic needs of Bangladesh. But beyond the humanitarian aspect the United States has an interest in demonstrating that it is prepared to work effectively with those poor countries that are adopting sound econonic policies in pursuit of development. The present government maintains a moderate foreign policy, friendly to the 0.8., and continues to implement a far-reaching economic reform program including realistic budgets, reduced subsidies, and greater reliance on market mechanisms. The government is making significant progress in implementing an ambitious decentralization program and has just restored constitutional government and lifted martial law. Parliamentary elections were held in May 1986 and presidential elections followed five months later. Continued U.S. assistance is a critical element in supporting the government's pragmatic development policies and its efforts to move in a sustained fashion toward strengthening democratic institutions. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.I.D. Development Strategy in Bangladesh is not able for its consistency and stability over the past decade. Recognizing that rapid population growth compounds the difficulties in meeting agricultural production and employment needs, A.I.D. accorde highest priority to supporting Bangladesh in its goal of reducing human fertility. The goal is addressed by increasing the availability of modern family planning methods delivered by governmental and nongovernmental programs. Secondly, agricultural productivity must be increased to raise rural incomes. A.1.0. approaches this goal through the development and dissemination of improved agricultural technologies, by improving the supply and distribution of inputs, through development of key infrastructure, and through development of human resources. A third critical objective is the expansion of employment opportunities, through development of rural enterprises, dissemination of appropriately labor-intensive agricultural technologies, a Pood Por Work public works program, and development of selected infrastructure. A.1.D. will assist the BDG to create and sustain a policy and institutional environment that encourages the development of labor-intensive enterprises. Infusing the basic strategy is an active multi-faceted policy dialogue with particular emphasis on strengthening the role of markets and increasing the scope of private sector participation in the economy. Significant levels of assistance, combined with policy analysis and quality technical assistance, have created an atmosphere of mutual confidence that permits A.I.D. to advise and consult with the government on many of the most critical economic policy issues it faces. The current A.I.D. program advances the Mission strategy in the following ways: 49 511 BANGLADESH Reducing Pertility and Mortality: Onder the Pamily Planning Services project (388-0050) and the follow-on Family Planning and Health Services ippas) project (388-0071), A.I.D. will continue to emphasize increased access to family planning information and services, while broadening support to include other health services, such as immunizations and oral rehydration therapy. This assistance will be channeled both through government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Assistance in the public sector will include financing of commodities (contraceptives, surgical supplies, and equipment) demographic and applied research, training, communications, and local financing of voluntary sterilization and IUD services. Under the PPAS project, A.1.D. also expects to support a major effort in the municipal areas to expand the availability and use of immunization services, Through the NGOs, A.I.D. will continue efforts to make quality clinical and non-clinical contraceptives more widely available, Currently 91 NGOS receive 1.1.D. support for both community and clinic-based service delivery at 528 sites throughout Bangladesh. Under the Urban Volunteers program (388-0073), 4.1.D. is working through an NGO to deliver a package of key child survival services in the Dhaka municipality. In addition, in PY 1987 the Mission will begin to incorporate other important maternal and child health services into NGO subprojects where feasible and appropriate. A new Under the Social Marketing Project or SMP (a subproject of 388-0050), A.1.D. will continue to support the distribution of pills and condoms through retailers, thereby increasing access to family planning services. To enhance female access to such services, A.I.D. will also finance a pilot effort to deliver contraceptives through local female sales agents. initiative to distribute Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) through retail outlets is underway and is expected to be expanded under our new project. The SMP will also employ modern marketing and communications strategies to promote improved infant feeding practices, especially during and after episodes of diarrhea, Collectively, it is anticipated that these interventions will have a measurable impact on maternal and child mortality, as well as fertility. In the context of Bangladesh, family planning is especially important to bringing about a reduction in the rate of mortality figures. A.1.D.'s major investment in this area has contributed substantially to the increase in family planning use, now reported to be 288 nationally. Increasing Agricultural Productivity: The Agricultural Research II Project (388-0051), begun in FY 1981, is an integral part of A.I.D.'s long-term commitment to developing agricultural research capabilities in Bangladesh. The project develops more productive crop varieties and cultivation practices by strengthening the institutional capacity necessary for technological advances and by decentralizing research to regional substations and to farmers' fields. The objective is to diversify crop production and increase crop yields and land use intensity. 69-533 0 - 87 - 17 50 512 BANGLADBSH ! in PY 1985 the Mission conducted an external evaluation of the Agricultural Research Program. This evaluation resulted in a revised Mission proposal for a project supplement to extend the Agricultural Research II project (388-0051) until 1991, focusing on a farming systems research approach. The evaluation team found that, while most of the project's objectives were being set, A.1.D.'s commitment to institutionalizing a national agricultural research capability requires sustained support over a longer period than originally envisaged. Beginning in 1987, the supplement 18 enabling the Mission to continue existing programs in grain production and improved irrigation techniques, as well as strengthen efforts recently begun in horticulture, livestock feed and tillage practices. Parming systems research field trials are being more closely linked to the national extension system. Curricula at the agricultural university and training Institutes are gradually being updated to incorporate farming systems research as a research and extension methodology. The deforestation rate in Bangladesh is estimated to be 431 higher than the average for the Asian region. The domestead Agro-Porestry Project (388-0062), to begin in FY 1987, addresses the critical problem of rapidly depleting fuelwood supplies, especially for the rural poor. The project aims to develop the BDG's capability to provide the assistance needed by small farmers to significantly increase their production of trees, shrubs, bamboo and other ground cover. Bangladesh's forestry efforts have, until recently, focused on the protection of reserve forests. The 1.1.D. project emphasizes homestead forestry, which provides 90% of all fuelwood used, and vill introduce an agro-forestry component at existing cropping systems sites, . 5 The Fertilizer Distribution Improvement II project (388-0024), initiated in PY 1984, continuea efforts begun in its predecessor project to increase fertilizer use through improvements in the marketing systen, provision of adequate fertilizer supplies, and increased national storage capacity. A.I.D. has successfully negotiated the removal of government constraints on the operations of private sector fertilizer retailers, the elimination of officially administered retail prices, and the closing of a large number of governnent fertilizer sales centers. The project focuses on the entry of private sector wholesalers into large-scale fertilizer distribution and marketing, elimination of fertilizer subsidies, and fertiliser dealer development and sales promotion. A.1.D. is supporting the new distribution system by providing credit for private distributors, technical assistance in distribution and marketing, and funding for minor infrastructural improvements to increase access to ports, factories, and warehouses. A.1.D. will continue to fund the feeder Roads Maintenance i Imrovement project (388-0056). Serving as the link between tarrto-market (food-for-work) roads and the national highway system, these roads facilitate farmers' access to production inputs, credit and markets as well as providing immediate employment benefits. The project is demonstrating the benefits of a road maintenance system that can be replicated throughout the country. 51 513 BANGLADESH In FY 1987 A.I.D. plans to initiate a PVO Co-Financing project (388-0072). The project will fund activities of both indigenous and u.s. private organizations that provide a broad range of services directly to the most economically and socially disadvantaged. The large local PVO community has worked effectively with the poor, and direct grants will be made to expand and strengthen PVO activities. While agriculture, rural development and nutrition will be emphasized, education and selected development activities will also be funded. PL 480 programs in Bangladesh provide essential support to A.I.D.'s strategy to increase agricultural production and provide rural employment. The Pood for Work III (PFW) project (388-0061), begun in FY 1985, will continue a successful program of upgrading local foot paths and seasonal roads into farm-to-market roads that are accessible throughout the year. The PFW activity is an excellent example of how food commodities can be fully integrated into A.I.D.'s development program. The sales proceeds of supplemental PL 480 shipments finance a program of bridge and culvert construction on PPW roads, increasing their utility and development impact. The bridge and culvert construction program will continue in both PY 1987 and PY 1988. A new, multi-year PL 480 Title III program beginning in FY 1987 finances wheat, rice and other agricultural commodities. In FY 1986, the Mission performed a comprehensive Food and Agriculture Policy Study that formed the basis for the new PL 480 program. The current program provides support to elicit key policy reforms that are designed to encourage domestic food production both in food grains and other crops, ensure that adequate food is provided to the country's most nutritionally disadvantaged population, and stimulate the effective demand for food. Under the title III agreement, the BDG has increased significantly the price levels for rationed foodgrains above the procurement price, has adopted a procurement program that supports producer prices and acquires domestic commodities for the reserve system, and has strengthened the use of open market sales. Local currency generated from Title III sales are used to finance agricultural research, irrigation, employment and other projects that are essential to the BDG's goal of food self-sufficiency and increased incomes that will increase effective demand for food. Expanding Rural Employment: An extremely high rate of unemployment and under employment, fueled by a high population growth rate and slow growth in per capita agricultural productivity, is one of the most critical problems confronting Bangladesh. A.1.D. will continue to fund projects that seek to address the unemployment problem. Enterprise Policy Reform (388-0067), initiated in PY 1985, is designed provide both 1.1.D. and the BDG with a better understanding of policy and institutional constraints that may hinder the development of labor-intensive small and medium size off-farm enterprises. The project constitutes the initial phase of a long-term A.1.0. commitment to 52 514 BANGLADESH Pati enterprise development in Bangladesh, and is providing A.1.D. with Information reguired to engage the BDG in a policy dialogue to remove those constraints. Ia 1987 A.I.D. is financing an economic cenfus performed by the langladesh Bureau of Statistics, with the support of the 0.8. Bureau of the Census. The census will generato benchmark and other data that can be used for further surveys of labor-intensive enterpriset, Technical assistance funded under the Technical Resources project (388-0027) vill be provided to the Bangladesh Planning Comalosion and the Ministry of Labor and Manpower to conduct studio and recommend policia that will encourage the expansion of mall, labor-intensive enterprises. Enterprise Development (388-0066), which began in PY 1986, significantly expands the pilot activities of the nongovernmental organisation NIDAS, begun under the Rural Industries project (388-0042). A.I.D. believes that prospects for mall enterprise development have greatly improved over the past few years as the BDG bas moved tovard greater reliance on private sector production and free markets. This project is providing technical assistance and credit to establish and expand mall labor-intensive enterprises, many with backward linkages to agriculture or forward linkages to export marketı, Evaluations of the predecessor project clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of MIDAS as a business consulting and credit Institution. Evaluations of A.1.D.'. Rural Electrification I i II projects demonstrate a significant immediate increase in econonic activity and productive employment when rural areas gain access to electricity, as well as the expansion of irrigation. Seventy percent of power distributed in the Rural Blectrification II Project (388-0054) is consumed by rural Industries and commercial businesses. The Rural Electrification III project (388-0070) is extending this successful progran and provides greater access to electricity in those areas where rural electrification cooperatives have already been established. Increasing the number of connections for household, agricultural and commercial use will strengthen the financial viability and long-term impact of these cooperatives. Technical assistance provided under the project focuses on improving the financial viability of the rural electrification cooperatives by reducing price subsidies, increasing the density of service, and improving nanagement capability. *** Buman Resources: The A.I.D. program is addressing constraints to development by strengthening financial and agricultural research institutions, and is seeking to build a human resource base to ensure the long run viability of those institutions. Acknowledging that policy and institution-building efforts can only be effective if supported by a strong human resource base, A.1.D. continues to finance, through its Technical Resources project (388-0027), a limited number of participants in the 0.8. and third countries for training in areas that are not directly related to our bilateral projects, such as economics and public administration To more adequately address the existing fragile human resource base, A.I.D. plans to initiate in PY 1987 a Development and Management Training project TA 53 515 BANGLADESH (388-0068). Participant training is a critical investment in Bangladesh's future and will ensure that the policy dialogue A.1.D. has initiated will be sustained in the future. Training participants will be selected from those managers within indigenous organizations, both in the public and private sectors, who are responsible for planning and management. Training vill focus on those technical and managerial skills which are in particular shortage, e.g, public administration, management, economics, entrepeneurship and business administration. PY 1988 Program Development Assistance will fund increments of ongoing projecte. Reducing Fertility: A.I.D. will continue activities under the family Planning and Health Services project (388-0071), designed to increase the use of modern family planning methods and support maternal/child health and child survival activities. Increasing Agricultural Productivity: Additional resources will be used to support Agricultural Research (388-0051), Homestead Agro-Forestry (388-0062), Fertilizer Distribution Improvement (388-0024), Peeder Roads Maintenance and Improvement (388-0056), and PVO co-financing (388-0072) activities. Bypanding Employment Opportunities: A.I.D. requests funds for three projects designed to expand employment opportunities: Enterprise Policy Reform (388-0067), Enterprise Development (388-0066) and Rural Blectrification (388-0070). To address the employment problem, the Mission will also be exploring approaches to improve the policy and institutional environments that affect the expansion of labor-intensive enterprises. Human Resources: 1.1.D. also requests funds for two activitie to improve the planning and management capabilities of the Bangladesh government and private sectors: Technical Resources (388-0027) and Development and Management Training (388-0068). PL 480: The Mission also plans to support two PL 480 activities: Food for Work III_(388-0061) and the PL 480 Title III program. During PY 1988, the Mission will be examining follow-on activities for the food for Work III project, which is scheduled to be completed in FY 1989. In order to better assess the impact of our program, specially designed project monitoring and evaluation systems will be in place for each project by PY 1988. The Mission will then begin using the output of these systems to improve project implementation. In addition, the Participant Training Management Information System begun in FY 1987 should be providing information which will enable the Mission to improve its participant processing and monitoring system and increase the Mission's capacity to support in-country and overseas training. In FY 1988, consistent with the private sector and Women in Development (WID) strategies developed in FY 1987, the Mission will begin to improve coordination between private sector and WID initiatives in various projects. MISSION DIRECTOR: John Westley 54 516 Technical Resources II PLANED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RDIN DA 1,500 FY 1988 Population ED.HR 300 A PROPOSED OBLIGATION file de Life of Project Funding $8,000 ARDN 10,000 $2,000 EUR Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Proinde FY 1993 FY 1998 Initia Obligation O CONTINUING FY 1988 Puspose: To improve the policy research and project development, management and evaluation capabilities of the Bangladesh Government (BDG) and private agencies engaged in agriculture, rural development, women's development, and employment generation. issues of USAID program emphasis (population, agriculture and employment generation.) Training will continue to focus on management, economic and analytical skill development within the BDG and the private sector. Workshops and seminars will be held to foster dialogue and disseminate information on issues of national concern. Relevant planning activities such as food planning and policy analysis will continue to be supported by a new TRP-II, as will activities such as the IPSA project to foster donor coordination. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The proposed project will support research and special studies that directly relate to the program concentration on family planning, food production and employment generation, as identified in the current country strategy. Project Description: The BDG has a continuous and important need for policy and project related research, evaluative studies, feasibility studies, and seminars and workshops. These activities provide the BDG the means to ta) identity, design, manage and monitor development projects, and (b) conduct policy dialogue and implement policy reforms. Through the Technical Resources project, the Mission has been assisting the BDG since 1979 to undertake development-related research, studies and evaluations through provision of technical assistance and training. Since the beginning of the project more than 24 studies in various fields have been performed, several workshops on matters of national importance have been organized and more than 1000 BDG and other officials have been trained. Major on-going and planned activities include: (a) assistance to the Institute of Post-Graduate Studies in Agriculture (IPSA) ($1.8 million); (b) employment planning studies ($1.0 million), (c) assistance to the BDG's Food Planning and Monitoring Secretariat ($.96 million)) (a) Winrock Pellowship Program ($.82 million); and (e) a planned series of studies on the BDG decentralization process ($.50 million). Punds under this project are now almost fully committed. Host Country and Other Donors: The BDG will provide for salaries of counterpart personnel, office tent and local transportation. Other donors like the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, UNDP and Canada provide substantial amounts of assistance for feasibility studies, and training in various fields. Beneficiaries: Though initial or direct beneficiaries of the project will be the government and private agency officials who receive training and technical assistance under the project, the long-term beneficiaries will be farmers, landless laborers, the unemployed and women -- the major target groups of the BDG's development efforts. The new Technical Resources project is to continue to improve BDG capabilities in identification, planning, implementation and evaluation of development initiatives, particularly those related to policy reform. As with TRP I, research, special studies, evaluation and training will continue to focus on A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs Technical Assistance Training Total Principal Contractors or Agencies Unblouldete PY 1988 (000) 1,500 300 800 U.S FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation Exponditaires Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 23, 1988 1,800 Future You Obligatione 3,200 Edmt Tot Com 10,000 BANGLADESH Tide 388-0070 O COUNTD LOAN hropoid Finca Y ND 3787 (11 55 517 200 200 10000 SUMMARY CIN ACTIVE AND PEOPS) PROJICTS 1 OUSANOS 0 DOLLARS US a) NE EAST BANGLADESH LO PLANNED AJT) -THROUCM FY85- OBLIG- EXPON- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OSCI EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY97- 39LI3 & XP 4TIONS OITURES -PROPOSE OY89- OBLI>- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES | INIT: ALPINAL i 3LIG L:6 RICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION --- --- 33.558 --- 73 36,500 L 3) --- --- --- --- 36.000 6,236 1.248 193.213 137,726 --- 3 ܕܐ 193.213 233.000 --- --- --- 1.645 --- 30, 356 32.000 73 33 32.000 32.300 --- 2.35 2.500 1.095 2.53 2.300 7.350 2.937 . ܕܐ . 17.6.0 1.650 500 713 --- --- 75.000 75.000 33 3 95 טכני --- --- --- --- 237 2.362 1,916 6.513 6,513 31 3 35 ... --- --- --- $9 39 ... 2.572 i 33 95 2.572 3.17 Sri Chorinancang :: 1.615 --- --- 151 1,530 5.900 נכון 5.534 31 90 16,925 22.000 31 71 01573 27.000 ... 30 3.159 3.116 33 3.19 3,175 : 31 35 -لي-::: 50.000 50,000 2.5L ELECTIFICATIJA :1 4.000 1,674 3.203 5.000 5.JOO 9.200 6.752 37 21.700 21.700 7,90 --- 10,300 15.000 1.00 15.J0C :: ܐ :: 1 ܊ ܃ ܃ ܕ - ܐ PROJECT NO. 4N TITLE 30-321 2.4L ELECTRIFC11:04 33?-032 FERTILIZ! J!STRIBUTION PROVAT 369-01? :RTILIZA OISTRIBUTION IPCVSTENT 139-0927 1:CHNICAL 2: SOURCES 1.114 72,773 30:00 37 ?PAL FINANCE 331-00-6 RURAL INJUSTO ES כפנ,5 2,394 333-2045 ::.. در 1,400 i 10-CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENTAL AICR 6,500 5,500 5.00 כככס 3,963 4,400 333-331 ARCULTURAL RES! 1864:1 3 39.-0352 33 FOR A :: 12.303 9,734 27, 403 50.000 339.000 . ::::3.25 KAINTENANCE 29 ITPROYEKET > "? :: - 553 .:21:1::2 2:57?:?01:39 52.300 32.00 56 'Roters to the planned project summary these Curel of attort activity FY of fine, beton colon-Al proch in this colume with wilial obligation date blore December 31, 1986 we besed on the authorind dau for all practs with an initiat obligation des e December 31, 1988 the FY of tal obligation is based on planned dors 518 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 389 BANGLADESH • LFY OF SY OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIS LOP PLANNED 91TEC Chiny -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG• EXPEN- 1110NS DITURES -91180 -ACTUAL FY36- EXPEN" ATIONS DITURES -9116C -OSTINATED FY3?- EXPEN *TIONS DITURES ា -51100 -PROPOS!! 'Y88 EXIN ATIONS DITULIS 13.000 13.000 13.000 13.000 5 85 39 7,400 1.045 006 266 1.500 1.223 1,590 1,500 . 87 1.990 1.000 14.530 16,530 --- 1 4,000 1503 3,000 9900-888 2.000 5 01 005 --- --- --- SOO OC . 35 200 3.000 3.000 1.500 2 1.550 1.345 OO. 1,050 . 93 סככ,60 60.000 9.300 10.000 10.330 10.000 9 15.000 37 NSO DECENTRALIZATION SUPPORT ie 3.500 --- 1,500 300 005 COS 88 93 3.000 --- --- --- 1.509 500 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 31.000 46.100 POPULATION PLANNING 31 36 146,778 153,336 115.640 76,479 29.000 20.663 33.200 10.36* HEALTH 97 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . 383-0050 FERTILIZER DISTRIBUTION IPROVEMENT II 333-0061 FOOD FOR WORK II 385-0062 TOMESTEA) AGRO-FORESTRY RESEARCM ENTERPRISE DEVELOPENT 333-0067 ENTERPRISE POLICY REFORM 383-2070 G RURAL ELECTRIFICATION III 385-0072 339-0074 TECMNICAL RESOURCES 11 651.614 $23.014 456059 391,759 40.700 24.675 31.000 66.994 GRANTS 377,05 327,745 40.700 572.616 544,004 77.000 77.00 26,571 LOANS CGGIS 52,369 31.000 79,000 OC 1.91 64,014 14.545 385-0050 SAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 383-9371 AMILY PLANNING AND HEALTM S2Rvices P2 160.000 --- D. בכט,25 2.3 23.00 23.000 57 nelor prayer Cu o ore ན རྒྱུན 519 SUMMARY ACTIVNO POPOSE "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) ANO EX EAST ORDJECT NO. AV TITLE LEYFY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 つるし​ここ ​OLIO LO PLANNED 4UTHO -TMROUGM PYB5- DILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL OBLIO- ATIONS FY86- EXPEN- OITURES -ESTIMATS PY87- OBLIS- EXPON- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- O9LI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- LOANS 90 351 35 --- 149 --- 699 950 --- --- --- --- 91 55 1.530 1,272 --- 239 1.530 1.530 --- --- --- --- ... ?7 5.000 --- 92 1.500 --- --- 2.300 --- 700 --- 900 167 3 1,500 1.300 ... --- --- 939 1,300 1,500 -- CIL SURVIVAL FUV) 21 $6 5.000 S --- 2.517 475 2.000 5,700 5.300 97 72 סככו --- . --- 2.000 SOD 2.000 1.000 --- --- 2.000 --- 500 --- 50 SOO 9?@AU FOX 457a BANGL4SN TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 334.773 153.335 115.540 74,479 29-003 23,463 25.00 37.000 20.00 35.364 GRANTS 115.640 76,479 29.330 20, 463 25.000 37.000 20.000 35,364 324,779 153,336 ALTH 3:3-5.-5 ?VO CO-FINANCING !! 331 -1050 3 FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 39:-)71 3 AMILY PLANNING AN :ALT 5VICES 3 35 87 332-0073 SAN VOLUNTEER PROS?* 2.000 2.300 2.029 1.523 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12.329 4,423 GROVTS 2.029 1.623 2.90 16" 12.029 6.-30 LOANS 33*-0.93 ILY PLANNING SERVICES 591-0071 ; AILY PLANNI'3 SV WEALTH 3:8YXCES 20 37 13-9373 13:N VOOUNTEER 3 ? 2.50 2.500 58 Rotors to the planned project way to Cofort activity FY of lil obligation column-Al projecte in this column with minif obligation de te belon December 31, 1900 ar bend on the author and dete For all project with an initial obligation douter December 31, 1988 the FY of linal abigation is bed on planned dete 520 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 333 BANGLADESH PROJECT NO. AD TITLE • LFT OF PY ON I INITIAL PINAL LO PLANNED -TMROUGM PYSS- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91760 -ACTUAL FY36- XP SN- ATIONS JITUR! S -OSTIMAT!"Y87- JBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS VITUS -DROPOSED FY23- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS JITURES 91160 21780 CHINT 5,000 3 0002 475 CCS2 COCOS 090 , 6.317 16,500 5.000 . 2.000 *75 CCSO2 פני,3 כני.2 6,017 COS --- 3 37 3,350 1.350 1.050 487 300 113 --- 250 300 9900-ils . 97 92 15.000 --- . --- 3.000 005 2.500 1.000 DEVELOPN!NT AND MANAGILENT TRAINING --- --- --- --- --- 200 200 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 309 100 487 300 3.000 750 3.000 1,500 487 300 113 3.000 750 3.000 1.600 ... --- CC. --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16,500 OCSL GRANTS LOANS EDUCATION AND MUMAN RESOURCES 383-0027 TECHNICAL RESOURCES 381-0072 G 30 DECENTRALIZATION SUPPORT 1.000 383-0074 TECHNICAL RESOURCES II 33 93 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 21.350 1.350 1.050 GRANTS 21.350 1.350 1.050 LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 333-0318 (ARNAPMULI TMIRO UNIT 5 76 31 700 700 700 502 --- 139 --- --- --- --- 96 91 !.000 8090 1.000 O. 1.500 730 2.300 2.000 301-006o ENTERPRIS! DIV!LOPMENT 381•3072 37 1:0 bec:uTRILIZATION SUPPORT - 1.300 ... OGS 400 59 521 JUARY - ACTIVE CIN ANO ROposeOvects THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUPEAU POR ASIA AND VARAST 33 BANGLADESH PROJECT NO. AND T TL! / IAIT AL FINAL LI LIO LO PLAYED AUTHO -THROUGH FY85- OPLIO- ! XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OSLI EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ESTIVATID PY37- SLIG- !XON ITIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 700 502 1.000 139 1.500 700 2.500 2.400 700 502 סככ,1 1 39 1.500 700 2.500 2.400 --- --- LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 13.29 9.703 FRONTS 13,200 2.700 COJNTRY TOTAL 458.358 75.000 46,32 53,478 60,000 63.000 TOTAL 109.983 0,781 1.01,471 7?5.370 531,478 75,00 406.844 46,32 53.000 GRANTS 90.781 94,739 50.00! 735, 671 717,370 79,00 79.000 LOANS 79,000 14,645 54,014 60 Refers to the planned project womery theet Curl of offon activity FY of final obligation solum - All projects in this man with an initial obligation des belon December 31, 1000 or bead on the author and done. for all projets with an initial obligation des alter December 31, 1906 the FY of final obligation to bend on planned dote 5222 Burma 61 523 AND SOCIAL DATA FY 6 CP ECONOMIC • FOREIGN TRADE (482) BURMA COUNTRY: MAJOR EXPORTS(1964) TEAK RICE .PULSES EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 11 (1984) 13 (1965) 13 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 5% (1983) 3% (1984) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)MACH. &TRANS. EQ.BLDG. MATERIALS.01L INDUSTRY EQ IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 17 (1984) 17 (1985) 12 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 5% (1983) 3% (1984) 3% 38.024 •BASIC DATA (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) TOTAL POPULATION.. 180 (DOLLARS, 1984) 2.3% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) PER CAPITA GNP ........ -352(84) - 235 6.0% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1972) 8.0% -491(83) TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , SINGAPORE , GERMANY, FEDER. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 53. 1 MALE 51.5 (1970) TOTAL 47.5 MALE 46.0 FEMALE 54.6 FEMALE 49.0 34.8% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 56% FEMALE 150 36.3% (1984) (1984) 76% MALE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.)... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) TOTAL 66% (1980) ADULT LITERACY RATE 2.1% (1986) 2. 1% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 1976-1985) 3.7% • AGRICULTURE • SOCIAL DATA 1.9% (1978) 31% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) (1986) 48% ...(1984) 23% (1970) (1986) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP 340 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. .. (1970) 6 (1985) (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. 10.0% (1983) ARABLE LANO 46% 6X MAJOR CROP (S) SUBSISTENCE: RICE CASH: PEANUTS, MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RICE ,PULSES , RUBBER MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) MILK , ANIMAL PROOS. COTTON 1 POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 38.6% (15-64YRS) 57.5% (65+ YRS) 3.9% INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 104 PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 4,657 MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1982) MALARIA . INTESTINAL INFEC, T8. ALL FORMS DEATH.. (1978) ILL-DEFINED COND, PNEUMONIA . ENTERITIS & OTH. PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 96% POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) . % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : · % PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 83.1 MALE 77.4 FEMALE 73.2 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 25.7 MALE 24.2 FEMALE 19.5 POST SECONDARY.. (1978) TOTAL 3.4 MALE 3.4 FEMALE 3.4 63% (1983) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE 21% CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) C) (.) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) ( .) , ( ) . (.) DEFICIT( - ) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ) (.) .(.) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. % (.) · %(.) AS % OF GNP. % ( ) 121% (1984) 6 :} :3 & ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 99 (84) 71 (85) EQUIVALENT TO 1.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 62 510 BANGLADBSH equitable development and contributes to the important 0.s. goal of regional stability in South and Southeast Asia. . America's historic humanitarian concern requires our involvement in meeting the most basic needs of Bangladesh. But beyond the humanitarian aspect the United States has an interest in demonstrating that it is prepared to work effectively with those poor countries that are adopting sound economic policies in pursuit of development. The present government maintains a moderate foreign policy, friendly to the 0.s., and continues to implement a far-reaching economic reform program including realistic budgets, reduced subsidies, and greater reliance on market mechanisms. The government is making significant progress in implementing an ambitious decentralization program and has just restored constitutional government and lifted martial law. Parliamentary elections were held in May 1986 and presidential elections followed five months later. Continued U.S. assistance is a critical element in supporting the government's pragmatic development policies and its efforts to move in a sustained fashion toward strengthening democratic institutions. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.1.D. Development Strategy in Bangladesh is not able for its consistency and stability over the past decade. Recognizing that rapid population growth compounds the difficulties in meeting agricultural production and employment needs, A.I.D, accords highest priority to supporting Bangladesh in its goal of reducing human fertility. The goal is addressed by increasing the availability of modern family planning methods delivered by governmental and nongovernmental programs. Secondly, agricultural productivity must be_increased to raise rural incomes. A.1.D. approaches this goal through the development and dissemination of improved agricultural technologies, by improving the supply and distribution of inputs, through development of key infrastructure, and through development of human resources. A third critical objective is the expansion of employment opportunities, through development of rural enterprises, dissemination of appropriately labor-intensive agricultural technologies, a Pood For Work public works program, and development of selected infrastructure. A.I.D. will assist the BDG to create and sustain a policy and institutional environment that encourages the development of labor-intensive enterprises. Infusing the basic strategy is an active multi-faceted policy dialogue with particular emphasis on strengthening the role of markets and increasing the scope of private sector participation in the economy. Significant levels of assistance, combined with policy analysis and quality technical assistance, have created an atmosphere of mutual confidence that permits A.I.D. to advise and consult with the government on many of the most critical economic policy issues it faces. te ogic sertion The current A.I.D. program advances the Mission strategy in the following vays: 49 511 BANGLADESH Reducing Fertility and Mortality: Under the family Planning Services project (388-0050) and the follow-on Family Planning and Health Services (PPHS) project (388-0071), A.1.D. will continue to emphasize increased access to family planning information and services, while broadening support to include other health services, such as immanizations and oral rehydration therapy. This assistance will be channeled both through government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Assistance in the public sector will include financing of commodities (contraceptives, surgical supplies, and equipment) demographic and applied research, training, communications, and local financing of voluntary sterilization and IUD services. Under the PPHS project, A.1.D. also expects to support a major effort in the municipal areas to expand the availability and use of immunization services. Through the NGOs, A.I.D. will continue efforts to make quality clinical and non-clinical contraceptives more widely available. Currently 91 NGOS receive 1.1.0. support for both community and clinic-based service delivery at 528 sites throughout Bangladesh. Under the Urban Volunteers program (388-0073), A.I.D. is working through an NGO to deliver a package of key child survival services in the Dhaka municipality. In addition, in FY 1987 the Mission will begin to incorporate other important maternal and child health services into NGO subprojects where feasible and appropriate. A new Under the Social Marketing Project or SMP (a subproject of 388-0050), A.1.D. will continue to support the distribution of pills and condoms through retailers, thereby increasing access to family planning services. To enhance female access to such services, À.I.D. will also finance a pilot effort to deliver contraceptives through local female sales agents. initiative to distribute Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) through retail outlets is underway and is expected to be expanded under our new project. The SMP will also employ modern marketing and communications strategies to pronote improved infant feeding practices, especially during and after episodes of diarrhea. Collectively, it is anticipated that these interventions will have a measurable impact on maternal and child mortality, as well as fertility. in the context of Bangladesh, family planning is especially important to bringing about a reduction in the rate of mortality figures. A.1.D.'S major investment in this area has contributed substantially to the increase in family planning use, now reported to be 28+ nationally, X2 Increasing Agricultural Productivity: The Agricultural Research 11 Project (388-0051), begun in FY 1981, is an integral part of A.1.D.'s long-term commitment to developing agricultural research capabilities in Bangladesh. The project develops more productive crop varieties and cultivation practices by strengthening the institutional capacity necessary for technological advances and by decentralizing research to regional substations and to farmers' fields. The objective is to diversify crop production and increase crop yields and land use intensity. 69-533 0 - 87 i 17 50 512 BANGLADESH In PY 1985 the Mission conducted an external evaluation of the Agricultural Research Program. This evaluation resulted in a revised Mission proposal for a project supplement to extend the Agricultural Research II project (388-0051) until 1991, focusing on a farming systems research approach The evaluation team found that, while most of the project's objectives were being met, 1.1.D.'s commitment to institutionalizing a national agricultural research capability requires sustained support over a longer period than originally envisaged. Beginning in 1987, the supplement 18 enabling the Mission to continue existing programs in grain production and improved irrigation techniques, as well as strengthen efforts recently begun in horticulture, livestock feed and tillage practices. Parming systent research field trials are being more closely linked to the national extension system. Curricula at the agricultural university and training Institutes are gradually being updated to incorporate fanning systems research as a research and extension methodology. The deforestation rate in Bangladesh 1. estimated to be 431 higher than the average for the Asian region. The Homestead Agro-lorestsy Project (388-00627, to begin in FY 1987, addresses the critical problen of rapidly depleting fuelwood supplies, especially for the rural poor. The project aims to develop the BDG's capability to provide the assistance needed by small farmers to significantly increase their production of trees, shrubs, bamboo and other ground cover. Bangladesh's forestry efforts have, until recently, focused on the protection of reserve forests. The 1.1.D. project emphasises homestead forestry, which provides 900 of all fuelvood used, and vill introduce an agro-forestry componeat at aisting cropping systems aites. The fertiliser Distribution Improvement II project (388-0024), initiated in PY 1984, continues efforts begon in its predecessor project to increase fertiliser use through improvements in the wrketing system, provision of adequate fertilizer supplies, and increased national storage capacity. A.1.8. Mes sucessfully negotiated the removal of government constraints on the operations of private sector fertilizer retailers, the ellaination of officially administered retail prices, and the closing of a large number of government fertiliser sales centers. The project focuses on the entry of private sector wholesalers into large-scale fertiliser distribotice and marketing, elimination of fertiliser subsidies, and fertiliser dealer development and wles promotion. 1.1.9. is supporting the new distribution ysten dy providing credit for private distribetors, technical assistance in distribution and wrteties, and testing tez xisor ikraracterul iprorekeats te iwrease recess to ports, lactories, and warebosses. A.1.. will cutise to send the Feeder bets seistesse i Iscorenees project (388-20so). Servix as de link betweez faorto-meztet ifad-for-wi) made and the national Highway system, these conde trilitate furnis' **** to pralactise ispets, credit and matets as well a proridix immediate employment benefits. The project is demonstrating Ese Penfics of a red wintenance syke that can be replicated throughout the evento. $1 513 BANGLADESH In PY 1987 A.1.D. plans to initiate a PVO Co-Financing project (388-0072). The project will fund activities of both indigenous and u.s, private organizations that provide a broad range of services directly to the most economically and socially disadvantaged. The large local PVO community has worked effectively with the poor, and direct grants will be made to expand and strengthen PVO activities. While agriculture, rural development and nutrition will be emphasized, education and selected development activities will also be funded. PL 480 programs in Bangladesh provide essential support to A.I.D.'s strategy to increase agricultural production and provide rural employment. The Pood for Work 111 (PFW) project (388-0061), begun in PX 1985, will continue a successful program of upgrading local foot paths and seasonal roads into fath-to-market roads that are accessible throughout the year. The PFW activity is an excellent example of how food commodities can be fully integrated into A.I.D.'s development program. The sales proceeds of supplemental PL 480 shipments finance a program of bridge and culvert construction on PFW roads, increasing their utility and development impact. The bridge and culvert construction program will continue in both PY 1987 and FY 1988, A new, multi-year PL 480 Title 111 program beginning in PY 1987 finances wheat, rice and other agricultural commodities. In PY 1986, the Mission performed a comprehensive food and Agriculture Policy Study that formed the basis for the new PL 480 program. The current program provides support to elicit key policy reforms that are designed to encourage domestic food production both in food grains and other crops, ensure that adequate food is provided to the country's most nutritionally disadvantaged population, and stimulate the effective demand for food. Under the Title III agreement, the BDG has increased significantly the price levels for rationed foodgrains above the procurement price, has adopted a procurement program that supports producer prices and acquires domestic commodities for the teserve system, and has strengthened the use of open market sales. Local currency generated from Title III sales are used to finance agricultural research, irrigation, employment and other projects that are essential to the BDG's goal of food self-sufficiency and increased incomes that will increase effective demand for food. Expanding Rural Employment: An extremely high rate of unemployment and underemployment, fueled by a high population growth rate and slow growth in per capita agricultural productivity, is one of the most critical problems confronting Bangladesh. A.1.D. will continue to fund projects that seek to address the unemployment problem. Enterprise Policy Retorn (388-0067), initiated in PY 1985, is designed to provide both A.1.D. and the BDG with a better understanding of policy and institutional constraints that may hinder the development of labor-intensive small and medium size off-farm enterprises, The project constitutes the initial phase of a long-term A.I.D. commitment to 52 : 1 514 MIGLADESH enterpris development in Bangladesh, and is providing A.I.D. vith information required to engage the BDG in • policy dialogue to remove those constraints. in 1987 A.I.D. 16 financing an economic consus performed by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, with the support of the 0.8. Burepu of the Census. The census will generate benchmark and other data that can be used for further surveys of labor-intensive enterprises. Technical assistance funded under the Technical Resource project (388-0027) vill be provided to the Bangladesh Plaaning Commission and the Ministry of Labor and Manpower to conduct studies and recommend policies that will encourage the expansion of mall, labor-intensive enterprises. Enterprise Development (388-0066), which began in PY 1986, significantly expands the pilot activities of the songovernmental organisation MIDAS, begun under the Rural Industrie project (388-0042). A.I.D. believes that prospects for mall enterprise development have greatly improved over the past few years as the BDG has moved toward greater reliance on private sector production and free markets. This project is providing technical assistance and credit to establish and expand small labor-intensive enterprises, many with backward linkages to agriculture or forward linkages to export markets, Bvaluations of the predecessor project clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of HIDAS as a businous consulting and credit institution. Offiore Evaluations of 1.1.D.'s Rural Electrification I & II projecto demonstrate a significant immediate increase in economic activity and productive employment when rural areas gain access to electricity, as well as the expansion of irrigation. Seventy percent of power distributed in the Rural Blectrification II Project (388-0054) 1s consumed by rural Industries and commercial businesses. The Rural Blectrification III project (388-0070) is extending this successful program and provides greater access to electricity in those areas where rural electrification cooperatives have already been established. Increasing the number of connections for household, agricultural and commercial use will strengthen the financial viability and long-term inpact of these cooperatives. Technical assistance provided under the project focuses on improving the financial viability of the rural electrification cooperatives by reducing price subsidies, Increasing the density of service, and improving management capability. Human Resources: The A.I.D. program is addressing constraints to development by strengthening financial and agricultural research institutions, and is seeking to build a human resource base to ensure the long run viability of those institutions. Acknowledging that policy and institution-building efforts can only be effective if supported by a strong human resource base, A.I.D. continues to finance, througb Its Technical Resources project (388-0027), a limited number of participants in the 0.8. and third countries for training in areas that are not directly related to our bilateral projects, such as economics and public administration 125er storat *3638 fupport To more adequately address the existing fragile human resource base, 1.1.D. plans to initiate in PY 1987 a Development and Management Training project 10 ESSION 53 515 BANGLADESH (388-0068), Participant training is a critical investment in Bangladesh's future and will ensure that the policy dialogue A.I.D. has initiated will be sustained in the future. Training participants will be selected from those managers within Indigenous organizations, both in the public and private sectors, who are responsible for planning and management. Training will focus on those technical and managerial skills which are in particular shortage, e.g. public administration, management, economics, entrepeneurship and business administration. PY 1988 Program Development Assistance will fund Increments of ongoing projects, Reducing Fertility: A.I.D. will continue activities under the Family Planning and Health Services project (388-0071), designed to increase the use of modern family planning methods and support maternal/child health and child survival activities. Increasing Agricultural Productivity: Additional resources will be used to support Agricultural Research (388-0051), Homestead Agro-Porestry (388-0062), Fertilizer Distribution Improvement (388-0024), Feeder Roads Maintenance and Improvement (388-0056), and PVO Co-Financing (388-0072) activities, Expanding Employment Opportunities: A.1.D. requests funds for three projects designed to expand employment opportunities: Enterprise Policy Retorn (388-0067), Enterprise Development (388-0066) and Rural Blectrification (388-0070). To address the employment problem, the Mission will also be exploring approaches to improve the policy and institutional environments that affect the expansion of labor-intensive enterprises. Human Resources: A.I.D. also requests funds for two activities to improve the planning and management capabilities of the Bangladesh government and private sectors: Technical Resources (388-0027) and Development and Management Training (388-0068). PL 480: The Mission also plans to support two PL 480 activities: Pood for Work III (388-0061) and the PL 480 Title III program. During PY 1988, the Mission will be examining follow-on activities for the Food for work III project, which is scheduled to be completed in FY 1989. In order to better assess the impact of our program, specially designed project monitoring and evaluation systems will be in place for each project by PY 1988. The Mission will then begin using the output of these systems to improve project implementation. In addition, the participant Training Management Information System begun in FY 1987 should be providing information which will enable the Mission to improve its articipant processing and monitoring system and increase the Mission's capacity to support in-country and overseas training. In FY 1988, consistent with the private sector and women in Development (WID) strategies developed in PY 1987, the Mission will begin to improve coordination between private sector and WID initiatives in various projects. MISSION DIRECTOR: John Westley . 54 516 BANGLADESH Technical Resources II Noor TOIN WEET moronto OLULATION DA 1,500 J00-0077 FY 1988 DEHR 300 na Indodon C D LONG Undhold 38,000 ARON 10,000 $2,000 EHR Endodon warm Ooh FY 1993 FY 1998 FY 1988 Purpose: To improve the policy research and project dovelopment, management and evaluation capabilities of the Bangladesh Government (BDG) and private agencies engaged in agriculture, rural development, women's development, and employment generation. issues of USAID progr an emphasis (population, agriculture and employment generation.) Training will continue to focus on management, econoaic and analytical skill development within the BDG and the private sector. Workshops and seminarı will be held to foster dialogue and disseninate information on isoves of national concern. Relevant planning activities such as food planning and policy analysis will continue to be supported by a nev TRP-II, as will activities such as the IPSA project to foster donor coordination. Protect Description: The BDG has a continuous and important need for policy and project related research, evaluative studies, teasibility studio, and seninars and workshops. These activities provide the BDG the means to fa) identity, desiga, manage and monitor development projects, and (b) conduct policy dialogue and implement policy reforms. Through the Technical Resources project, the mission has been assisting the BDG since 1979 to undertake development-related research, studies and evaluations through provision of technical assistance and training. since the beginning of the project more than 24 studies in various fields have been perforred, several workshops on matters of national importance have been organized and more than 1000 BDG and other officials have been trained. Major on-going and planned activities include: (a) assistance to the Institute of Post-Graduate Studies in Agriculture (IPSA) ($1.8 million); (b) employment planning studies ($1.0 million); (c) assistance to the BDG's Food Planning and Monitoring Secretariat (3.96 million), (d) winrock Fellowship Program (S.82 million), and (el a planned series of studies on the BDG decentralization process 13.50 million). Punds under this project are not almost fully committed. Relationshis of Project to A.ID, Country strategy: The proposed project will support research and special studies that directly relate to the progran concentration on tasily planning, food production and employment generation, as identified in the current country strategy. Host Country and Other Donors: The BDG will provide for salaries of counterpart personnel, office rent and local transportation. Other donors like the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, UNDP and Canada provide substantial amounts of assistance toc feasibility studies, and training in various tields. Benet Iclarlo: Though initial or direct beneficiaries of the project vill be the government and private agency oflicials who receive training and technical assistance under the project, the long-ter beneficiaries will be tarnete, landless laboreri, the unemployed and women -- the major target groups of the BOG', development efforts. The new Technical Resources project is to continue to improve BDG capabilities in identification, planning, implementation and valuation of development Initiatives, particularly those related to policy refon. As with TRP 1, research, special studies, evaluation and training vill continue to focus on A.1.D. Pinanced Inputa 2005 Technical Assistance Training 1,500 300 U. FINISICING Indien be Uur IY 1988 1800 10,000 AID 3707 (11 55 517 ACTIVE ANO PROPOS:) PROJ!CTS THOUSANDS OF DOLL 428) SUM 1RY CZN -PROPOSE O9LIS EXPEN- STIONS OZTURES NEAS 37 -25T2TeO PP97- 39L1j- ATIONS OITUS -ACTUAL FY36- USLIU ATIONS OITURES -THROUGH FYS- OLIO EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES PLANNIO AJT 3 I v11:41 VAL 3 31:6 L: --- ... --- AMRICULTURE, PUR AL DEV. AVO NUTRITION 33.558 --- 14,320 --- --- 6,236 5.039 3,000 --- 1243 7 L 197,726 --- 193.213 --- 193.210 203,000 1.665 ܕܐ 3 --- --- 30,356 2.500 32.000 --- 32.000 32.000 2,330 ܕܕ 33 2.53 2.300 1.095 400 2,037 7.353 1.114 17.6.3 9.650 7 31 --- ..- --- ... i 72,773 75.000 2.362 --- --- --- --- 75.000 3,390 35 237 33 --- 3 1,914 6,313 99 .. --- --- 6,513 5,390 35 39 31 --- 2.396 2.572 1.515 --- 2.972 3.17) 131 i 33 1.530 5.534 5,000 5.900 4.500 1,-) 7,400 or JJ3 90 5.00 1963 6,400 43-0-LITIC ENVIRONMENTAL TOPICK 16,925 22.010 - 4533 27.023 --- --- --- .-- 30 31 --- --- --- ; 4 BROCULTURAL R:5:28CM1 3.116 3,149 93 J.159 3.175 12. 303 4,000 3 27,409 50,000 3.301 9.000 35 50.000 50.000 1.676 5.300 6,752 2.4L ELECTRIFICATION :: 15.000 9.200 13.300 21.790 21.733 7,500 --- --- *. N.25 KAINTENANCE 3 I POVES17 15,JOC 1.00 5229 2.30 3 3SU FJR 45:14 AGLAJM P23CT NO. AN) TIT. 352-321 RAL ELE:721F C21:00 33? - 2 *:47IL!!! J! STRIBUTION I POVESEAT 33?-? RTILITER 3!STRIBUTION I PROVEMENT 133-0027 r:CHNICAL 2: SOURCES 393.037 2.PAL FINANCE 13.-20. 3:45 ڈال داشت، ? 33:-2:45 V C3-12:46 !: هد. و در SS502251 33.-05 *03 FOR :: ورد :: 339-55 از درد - :: 771.:::2 3:57RIUTION ܐ: ܕ ܬ : ܟ !;c ܝܳ ܕ - ܕ 56 Refer to the planned project summary sheer Curcio allort activity HY of linas obligation column - Al pocts in this columns with an inilist abigation des tetora December 31, 1986 teed on the authored tase forast projects with minitial oilgosion des efter December 31, 1985FY of luna obligarionis bened on planned date 518 SUMMARY ON ACTIVE ANO PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FORASIA AND NEAR EAST 389 BANSLADOS • LFY OF SY OF | INITIAL FINAL 33L13 LOP PLANNED 911EC -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES כא דט4 -91100 -ACTUAL FY36- XPSN- 41 IONS DITURES -9115C -NOX - STINATIO FY?- # *TIONS DITURES -PROPOSTO '188- L -51100 13.000 13,000 13.000 ATIONS DITULES 13.000 85 39 7.400 9.400 1065 264 1.500 1.223 1.500 1,500 3 87 16 1.500 1.000 16,500 16.500 --- --- t 6.000 COS 3.000 2.000 3 005 --- --- --- .. 300 330 9 SS 36 200 3.000 3,000 1.500 2 OCS 1,500 1.049 1,950 g OCC09 -- 60.200 9,300 --- 369) RURAL ELECTRIFICATION TIL 389-0072 3 87 NSO DECENTRALIZATION SUPPORT 10,000 10,300 10.000 15.000 3.500 --- ... --- OCSI 300 005 33 93 900 3.000 --- COS) 005 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 31.000 46.100 11.023 32,349 35.000 66.130 ... 16.545 POPULATION PLANNING OOO 35 36 164,778 153.336 115.640 74,47 29.000 20,463 35.300 10.366 SE PLANNING AND HEALTH 37 ܐܕ 160.000 O. כנ25,3 2.00 23.00 25.900 PROJECT NO. AND TITL2 383-0060 FERTILIZER 0157213UTION IAPROVEMENT 11 333-0061 FOOD FOR WORK II 383-0062 10ME STEA) AGRO-FORESTRY TESEARCH 383-0066 INTERPRISE DEVELIPSENT 333-0067 ENTERPRISE POLICY REFORM 333-0070 385-0074 TECHNICAL RESOURCES 11 651.614 623.024 * 36,059 391,759 40.703 24.671 31.000 GRANTS 371,039 327,745 40.700 572.614 544,024 77.000 79,00 24.671 LOANS 79.000 66,014 -0. 386-0050 G FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 333-0071 SERVICES 57 'Rotondays Clooney Foton co-A po incoheminino de teto com 31.100 holdere Podoth anothed Dec 31, Yol od dat 519 -PROPOSED FY86- 113- t1PEN- ATIONS OITURES 25.000 --- 29.330 --- --- LOANS --- 145 --- --- --- --- 351 69 239 499 950 1 --- --- . G 500 1,272 --- .. 1,500 1,530 ... --- 91 1.530 1.530 53 i CANILY PLANNING $29VICES --- --- --- 3,000 750 92 ܕ ܐ --- --- i EMILY PLANNING AN ALTY 5:27C85 --- 2.300 --- 1,300 1,500 67 2.C 2.300 --- 167 2.100 1,300 1,423 1.500 2.029 939 ... TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12.32 4,423 16" 2.100 1.623 2.029 12.02 --- 2.517 2.000 --- 473 --- 1.000 2.009 5 5.000 900 --- 2.000 5.000 5.000 1 $ --- --- 500 --- --- 1,330 SU 2 --- 500 --- 2.000 --- 36 37 2.533 2.500 SUSARY 5 ACTIVO ANO PROPOS ROJIC75 CIN THOUSANDS OF YOLLARS) SSST - ESTIMAT! PY97- SOLIS EXPON- 4TIONS OITURES SE4U FOR ASIA AND -ACTUAL PY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES SANGLADESH THROUGH FYSI- 09L16- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 35,364 LO PLANNO 4 UTMO OYF FY3P IVITI AL RIVAL OIL: 20.900 37.000 25.03 RICT NO. av TITLE 23, 663 29.303 35.366 14.679 20.000 115.540 37.000 336.77? 153,335 TOTAL OR ACCOUNT 20,463 76,479 115.640 GAANTS 334.779 153, 336 ALIM 33-0.45 "VO CO-FINANCISC 1: 33-0033 31-1371 332-3073 123AN YOSUNT: PR0334 GRENTS 17.30 LOANS CILJ SURVIVAL FUV? 3.-0:33 3 MILY PLAIN SERVICES ?$1.0071 MILT PANNIV AV HEALTH 5:VICES 13.-:73 124 VOLUNTEER 923; ?* 58 "Reten to the penned project met Cunetol eftert cavity FY of fine abition columns - Al projects in this column mah initial obligation dere belone Decante 31. 1988 we tend on the author and done For al projects within the bortion doudDecember 7, 1908 th FY al final ation is bed.plored dece. 1 1 1 520 SUNNARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOS!D PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) OU PEAU FORASIA AND NEAR EAST 333 BANGLADESH -ACTUAL PY36- -ESTINAT!) Y37- -91760 -NCY? -S1190 ATIONS -Nid; JITURIS ATIONS -91160 OITUR! -DROPOSED FY82- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES 8 2.000 475 2.503 3.000 2.000 475 2.539 OCCO CCC 2 --- EDUCATION AND NUNAN RESOURCES --- 300 113 250 --- 300 37 26 15.000 --- ... --- 000's 005 2.500 1.000 --- --- --- --- --- -.. 200 200 .. --- --- .. --- --- COR 100 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 487 COS 118 1.000 750 3.000 1,500 407 300 3.003 750 3.000 1.800 --- O. --- SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 31 700 700 700 502 ... --- --- --- . PROJECT NO. AND TITL! LPY OF PT OP | INITIAL FINAL G OILIG LO PLANNED AUTM -IMROUGN PYS- OILIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 91780 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16,300 7.590 5.000 GRANTS 16.500 1,500 5.000 . 2.000 LOANS 383-0027 TECHNICAL RESOURCES 3.350 1.350 1.050 30! -006. DIVELUPAINT ANT VANAGISENT TRAINING 383-0072 1:0 DECENTRALIZATION SUPPORT 1.000 383-0074 TECHNICAL RESOURCES II 33 93 2.000 21.350 1.350 1.350 GRANTS 21.350 1.350 1.050 LOANS 383-0316 CARNAPMULS TWIRD UNIT 303-06 INT! PRIS! 0:V!LOPMENT 9.500 8.000 O. 1.000 1.500 750 2.000 2.000 220C-SBS 1.500 --- OSO 30 DECENTRALIZATION SUPORT 500 600 59 PAJ'ir 521 SUSARY O ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -USTIAT!0 P737- OSLIG- XEN- STIONS DITURES -PROPOSE PYUR BOLIS 9XPEN ATIONS OITURES - ACTUAL PY36- OLI: EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGM FY85- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 2.400 2.500 LOD PLANNID UTM 700 1.500 139 2.400 1.000 2.590 SOZ 700 700 1.500 139 13.23 9.703 סכ1,3 502 700 13,220 2.700 90.781 63.000 109,393 63.000 46,092 90.781 --- E 4 ST 90? EAU PORSAAN VAR BANGLADESH LEY OF YO III.IT AL FINAL OLI; OLIO PROJECT NO. AND TITL TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT CRITS LOANS כפט,75 50.00 462,355 94.758 S!), 478 נכס,53 45,232 1.01.,471 795,370 TOTAL 14,645 75,00 COUNTRY TOTAL 404,844 501.478 54,014 GRANTS 39,471 717,370 7,020 79.000 79,000 LOAVS 60 the author and dece. "Retorns to the planned project womery Clot of effort activity FY el final obligation coloma - Al propeen in the column with an initial obligation de botone Documber 31, 190 for projects with an initial obligation don December 31, FY of final obligation to bed on plan 522 SMA* ES ou 19 Burma 523 SOTAL (402) BUNA COUNTRY •BASIC DATA (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 38.024 TOTAL POPULATION. 180 (DOLLARS, 1984) PER CAPITA GNP .......... (1965-84) 2.3% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. -FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS 1984 )TEAK RICE .PUL SES EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 11 (1984) 13 (1985) 13 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 5% (1983) 3% (1964) MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984 )MACH, &TRANS. EO,BLDG. MATERIALS.01L INDUSTRY EQ IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 17 (1984) 17 (1985) 12 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 5% (1983) 3% (1984) 3% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -491(83) -352(84) -235 TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN . SINGAPORE , GERMANY, FEDER. EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 34.8% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 6.0% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1972) 8.0% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 53. 1 (1970) TOTAL 47.5 MALE 51.5 MALE 46.0 FEMALE 54.6 FEMALE 49.0 FEMALE 56% 76% 66% TOTAL MALE (1980) ADULT LITERACY RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, ($ MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) (1984) 150 36.3% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 3.7% *SOCIAL DATA 2.1% 2.1% (1986) . (1984) 48% 1.9% (1978) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1986) 31% 340 POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 23% .(1970) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ( 1986) YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 6 ( 1985) ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 10.0% ARABLE LAND 46% 6% MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE : RICE CASH: PEANUTS MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RICE PULSES , RUBBER POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 38.6% (15-64YRS) 57.5% (65+ YRS) 3.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) MILK , ANIMAL PRODS. COTTON INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 104 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1983) 63% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 4.657 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) MALARIA , INTESTINAL INFEC. TB. ALL FORMS C · () ( ) DEATH.. (1978) ILL-DEFINED COND.PNEUMONIA . ENTERITIS & OTH. TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ) () PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) 96% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) ( .) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 21% DEFENSE EXPENO I TURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES .) . % ( ) · % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP. % ( ) • % PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 83.1 MALE 77.4 FEMALE 73.2 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 25.7 MALE 24.2 FEMALE 19.3 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY.. (1978) TOTAL 3.4 MALE 3.4 FEMALE 3.4 ( $MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 99 (84) 71 (85) EQUIVALENT TO 1.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 121% .(.) e 62 524 BURMA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated 9,680 8,000 FY 1988 (Request) 8,000 Development Assistance Loon Grant 9,680 8,000 !NGE 8,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 24 9,704 8,000 8,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 TOTALS 9,704 8,000 8,000 - PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 86 FY 87 FY 88 (Astuat) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 8 7 7 Foreign National 1 TOTALS 9 8 8 Tosal full time equivalent workyear of employment. Include HIG, exceas property, and I personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. O Category PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 86 FY 87 (Astu.) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total 5 24 23 18 41 2 2 35 39 Ab 19 FY 88 (Request) T Total 18 33 60 74 A 15 14 NU O O 4 - U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regional 10 10 10 10 117 TOTALS 19 7 26 Cin-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovero stati in training from the 27 63 90 29 88 Technical: nom degree rooking dparticipante funded under bilateral programs funded under regional programs (eg, prior TY. Participant DEL Academic: degno reking AND 370-2 0-0) 63 525 BURMA Introduction Burba, with a population of 38 million and a per capita GNP of $180, remains one of the world's poorest nations. As the largest and least densely populated country in Bainland Southeast Asia, Burma has untapped resources ranging from minerals, teak forests, land, and water to hydro-energy. Only 50% of the arable land is under cultivation and of that amount, only 12% is irrigated. Burma has recently begun agricultural programs that incorporate high-yielding seed varieties, fertilizer and Irrigation. Its potential for future agricultural production is limited by lack of technical skills and capital investment. Although poor, Burma's gap between rich and poor and between urban and rural living standards is small. Burma is basically self-sufficient in food and, to a lesser extent, in petroleum products, although shortages and distribution problems occur. The provision of Government-furnished social services to the rural areas 18 hampered by an inadequate infrastructure. 21% of the population has access to safe water; 6.6% has access to electricity. One medical doctor for every 3,700 people renders malaria, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis and Infant mortality significant concerns. Two-thirds of Burma's citizens are considered literate, but matriculation rates drop markedly from elementary to university levels. In the 1950s, Burma emphasized social service programs at the expense of economic growth. By the 1970s, however, the government began to place increased priority on econonic growth and performance. During this period a tax reform program expanded government revenues. However, a healthy growth rate began to diminish and has become more severe in this decade, with external debt increasing as foreign exchange earnings from traditional exports, particularly rice, have declined significantly. This trend poses increasingly difficult problems for an economy which requires additional foreign exchange to diversify. Despite its high potential and a few encouraging signs, Burma's economic and social service development progress is restrained by a cumber some centralized administration and distribution system, dual systems of administered and market prices for several commodities and services, a strong bias for self-sufficiency even at high costs to efficiency, an overvalued official exchange rate, a shortage of skilled personnel and modern technologies, and a stated objective of reducing private sector participation in the economy. Foreign exchange needed to finance continued modernization and development efforts is in short supply, in part because of the Government of Burma's policies and the constraining factors noted above. As a result of these policies, there are shortages of essential capital, primary and Internediate goods, high rates of unemployment and underemployment, and inadequate and deteriorating infrastructure in nearly every sector. 64 526 BURMA Goods representing a significant portion of the value of lapor ts into the country are provided through a parallel, comparatively free economy despite governaent attempts to impose restraints. Access to borrowing is limited by a debt service ratio (including repayments to the International Monetary Pund) estimated 1a 1986 to be as high as 47% of export earnings--and lacreasing. The United States foreign policy has three important objectives in Burma. First, to maintain good relations and support Burma's efforts to remain a stable, non-communist nation in its key geographic location between China, Laos, Thailand and India. Second, to encourage the Burmese to continue and enhance their efforts to control the production and distribution of heroin to the United States. Finally, to assist lo Burma's economic and social development. ti L'ac 25 | 2 Speci The A.I.D. program in Burna is a na jor component of the overall U.S. effort. The A.I.D. development strategy supports the attainment of U.S. objectives by demonstrating support for Burmese development efforts through supply of essential technical assistance, training and materials. This assistance aids the Burmese to improve the productive capacity of their agricultural sector and brings quality health care to children and infants in the rural areas. The A.I.D. program has been carefully designed to meet, the political and economic constraints of the current Burmese environment, but has a long-range focus of encouraging a private enterprise and a free-market system. KU! att se A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date URANT The A.I.D. strategy in Burma concentrates assistance on a few sound Burmese development programs in key sectors that show significant potential for contributing to economic growth and social development. While recognizing existing Burmese policies, the A.I.D. strategy focuses support on economic activities which are subject to minimum government control of marketing and pricing, and Identifies alternatives. Thus, the program initiates technological and institutional improvements and training programs for increasing economic and administrative efficiency. The strategy paves the way for change over the intermediate and longer term. It also addresses the social service needs of the population by supporting primary health and child survival programs which demonstrate efficient, low-cost delivery of health services to the poor. The A.I.D. strategy establishes intermediate objectives of increased productivity and continued long-term growth and improved social service delivery in the areas of A.I.D. intervention. The program concentrates on two high priority programs of national scope--primary health care and oilseed production. It looks to achieve its objectives through: (1) Technological and institutional improvements applied in economic subsectors benefiting from private sector involvement and minimum market and price controls. 65 527 RMA (2) Because of Burma's high poteatial for increasing agricultural production, A.I.D. supports Burna's production of selected food crops while strengthening institutional capacity to sustain the advances that are made. U.S. technology and training assistance for oilseeds research, production and processing are saking Burma less dependent on edible oil laports and moving it closer to meeting domestic requirements. The program is also designed to Increase rural Incomes and improve nutrition while providing support to private sector farmers and millers. New technologies applied in low-cost health delivery programs. A.I.D.'s objective in the health sector is the reduction of morbidity and sortality, especially among infants, children and women of reproductive age. A.I.D.'s support for the Burma Primary Health Care program emphasizes selected child survival interventions, oral rehydration therapy, lamunization, nutrition and malaria prevention. This emphasis enables Burna to target care for high risk groups in the population, focus interventions to achieve high impact in reduction of morbidity and mortality, design and deliver appropriate training for health workers, and improve supervision of community health workers and auxillary midwives providing basic preventive and curative services in health and nutrition at the village level. (3) Long-tern and short-term training in areas assuring the availability and sustained dissemination of essential technical skills and scientific knowledge in Institutions which are central to development programs and policy development. A.1.D. supports the development of Burma's human resources through training programs in the United States and third countries. In 1985/86, A.I.D. sponsored 46 participants from Burmese development agencies for courses in agriculture, public health, forestry, and energy management. Health Sector: With assistance from A.I.D. and other donors, some level of primary health care service has now been extended to all of Burma's village tracts through tralned volunteer health workers equipped with basic medical supplies and equipment. A principal challenge, however, is the improvement of the quality of health services now rapidly becoming available throughout the country. An end-of-project evaluation of the Primary Health Care I Project (482-0002) concluded that though the project achieved Its purpose of increasing coverage, services were still bore curative than preventive in nature. Response to evaluation findings 18 seen in emphases placed on improved health information systems and research and taproved volunteer health worker training, supply, deployment and supervision under the follow-on Primary Health Care II (482-0004) and Quality Care for Child Survival (482-0013) projects. The latter project will introduce and support more specific child survival health interventions -- oral rehydration therapy, immunization and nutrition -- which most affect children's health in Burma. In addition, this new project will complement other donor support 66 528 BURMA for malaria control. Increasing emphasis will be given to the supervision and training of the lowest level government-paid health workers as part of the continuing effort to improve the quality of health services in Burma. 1 Agriculture Sector: The agriculture sector accounted for 53% of GDP in 1984-85 and on normally accounts for the largest percentage of Burma's export earnings. The extension of high-yielding varieties (including "miracle rice"), improved cultivation practices, and fertilizer increased Burma's rice productivity by 80%, from 1.65 MT/hectare in 1975 to just over three MT/hectare in 1985–86. However, a saturated international rice market, combined with an inability to obtain high quality premium rice from farmers at official prices, has reduced rice expor te. With A.I.D. assistance, yields and production of oilseeds such as groundnuts, sesame, and sunflower have also increased dramatically, reducing Burmese dependency on palm oil imports and freeing precious foreign exchange to purchase other needed import commodities. As a result of minimum interference in prices and increased government priority for oilseed crops, greater increases are foreseen. During PY 1986 A.I.D. continued to finance technical assistance, training and agricultural commodities such as fertilizer and equipment to support this relatively open market-based subsector of the Burmese agriculture sector. At the end of FY 1986, 14 project-funded agricultural specialists were enrolled in graduate study programs in the United States. pit at The general success of A.I.D.'s Maize and 011seeds Production Project (482-0005) 10 increasing yields in Burma has been confirmed by both evaluation and audit. A final evaluation of this project to be undertaken in early FY 1987 is designed to identify gaps in micro-economic and social data related to increased yields and farmer profits and incentives. The evaluation will help Burmese technicians design and install management information systems to assure future availability and use of these data under the follow-on Burna Agriculture Production Project (482-0007), which begins in FY 1987. Two complementary projects support the two A.I.D.-financed production projects. The Edible 011 Processing and Distribution Project (482-0006) provides for renovation of private sector and cooperative oilmills and introduction of modera extraction and processing technologies to increase present low rates of oil recovery and improve the quality of edible oils. The Agriculture Research and Development Project (482-0012) 1s strengthening adaptive research capacities in maize, oilseeds and other selected crops. Development Training: Since being renewed in FY 1980, A.I.D. participant training programs have improved Burmese technical and managerial skills. Through FY 1986, 219 Burmese government officials have received over seas training in agriculture, health, planning, public management and energy development. In FY 1987 A.1.D. will Increase the number of participants training in the United States and will begin to explore systems for follow-up training and in-country dissemination of acquired technical skills by returned participants. I 67 529 BURMA TY 1988 Progan Health Sector: A.I.D. will continue assistance to the quality Care for Child Survival (482-0013) project during PY 1988. The major health care loterventions supported in this project are oral rehydration therapy, immunization, autrition and wiaria control. The project will support these activities through training of ald-level and village-level health care workers, 1n-service training la management and supervision, management systems support and research, a mass media campaign for launization and oral rehydration therapy, and commodity support for the lamunization and malaria control programs. As a follow-on activity, this project vill install and use an improved Bur nese health management Information system developed in the Primary Health Care II Project (482-0004). This syster will help the Government of Burma achieve low-cost primary health care progran objectives sore efficiently, both within A.I.D.-financed projects and throughout the health systen. Agriculture Sector: IA PY 1988, A.I.D. vill continue assistance to the edible oil subsector through its ongoing processing and research projects. These projects will: (a) nove the cooperative sector toward a more realistic, market-oriented operation and, through technology laprovements and training, benefit sone small private sector entrepreneurs engaged 10 oil extraction; (b) strengthen adaptive research/extension linkages; and (c) consolidate institutional Improvements which vill assure continued food production increases into the future. The United States has superior technical expertise and experience to assist in this area. Development Training: A.I.D.'s objective for training la Burma 1s to provide a trained cadre of Burnese in areas critical to the country's development. This program provides Burmese participants with state-of-the-art skills and exposes then to the operation of a free market economy and a democratic society. Earl J. Young A.I.D. REP: . 68 530 SUNTARY je ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST BURMA AMRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 35 30.000 19.370 9.24 3,230 161 30.000 30.000 33 23 6010 --- --- 197 --- 1.500 1.000 8.010 9.500 2.116 .&?-0336 :DISLE OIL PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION ני 3 --- 6.630 --- 5.500 6,500 4,500 6.375 30.090 30.000 85 DOO 3.000 --- 6,500 1.800 1.347 7,500 11.300 LOANS --- --- --- MEALTN 83 35 9.320 1.834 3,112 --- 2.939 --- 9.320 320 1,385 --- --- 87 91 12.000 --- 1.5 103 2.000 2.500 PROJ!CT NO. 40 TITLE L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 5 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM) -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EIDEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- 09LIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURSS -ESTINATIO FY!7- OLIG EXIN 4TIONS DI TURES - PROPOSED FY29- OBLID- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 432-0005 3 2 AIZE AN OIL SEEDS PRODUCTION 482-0037 AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION *32-0012 AGRICULT JRE RESSARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 7,010 18,390 9.130 8,695 5.500 11,000 5.500 13,499 75.510 80.900 SRANTS 39.010 18,390 9.1 30 3.690 5,50 11.300 5.500 10,499 75,510 30,300 482-0004 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE II 432-0013 QUALITY CARE FOR CHILD SURVIVAL TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9,320 1,384 3,112 1,500 3.039 2.000 21,320 9.320 3,885 GRANTS 9.320 1.984 3.112 1.330 3.03 2.0) 3.995 21,320 9.320 LOANS --- I DUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES 69 Holon to the people were Cofffort Alphanh done to Dec 531 OP (IN THOUSANDS OF ACTIVE AND PHOTOS ASOns -ESTINATED PY87- OOLIS- EXP!N- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86 EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGH PYSS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ITIONS DITURIS -51100 006 COS LOP PLANNED SUTM CS 1.000 --- 005 006 3.000 OGS C 650 1.000 --- OCS 006 500 OS ככ1,0 20. 500 RANTS CCOS CCC's .00 3.000 8.000 15,234 ... 20.274 - 43.330 00 ... --- LOANS 70 -PROPOSIO PYII- OIL13- EXPEN- ATTONS DITURES 2.U POR ASIA ANLAR ST SURA C. CA 1 INITIAL INAL 33LI: LIG PROJICT NO. ANO TITL! cCOs 39:-396 16241 DEV!LOPN:NT TRAINING ROGRAM TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.000 3.300 LOANS 3,000 15.234 11.302 20.274 9.680 49.330 05360 CUITRY TOTAL 8.000 TOTAL 93.120 11.902 9.630 9,330 3.123 URANTS 31, India Cheldon N-PAI 532 Cambodia 71 533 00 се ECONOMIC ANO SOCIAL DATA FY (CAMBODIA) •FORE I ON TRADE (442) KAPUCHA COUNTRY: BASIC DATA Ox ] TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1906) .. 300 PER CAPITA ON (DOLLARS. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL ON GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965- .) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973- .) MATIONAL INCONE RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS ( 1006) TOTAL 46.5 MALE 45.1 FEMALE 48.0 (1970) TOTAL 42.6 MALE 41.6 FEMALE 44.3 AOULT LITERACY RATE (1803) TOTAL 42% MALE 71% FEMALE % ( MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) NATURAL RUBBER .RICE PEPPER EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1963) (1984) O A5 % OF TOTAL EXPORTS . .* (***5) MAJOR IMPORTS(1964) INT'L F000 AID .SOV. BLOC EC. AL. IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. CIF) (1982) 2 1983) AS % OF TOTAL INPORTS ( .) .***13 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) .(.) TRADING PARTNERS: SINGAPORE .HONG KONG JAPAN EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP ( .) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). X :3 ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE -1.9% (1986) 2.2% • AGRICULTURE •SOCIAL DATA 2.8% (1978) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) % (1906) 12% ( 1970) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIG AS % of GDP ( .) POPULATION DENSITY / SO K OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 188 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) (1986) 3 (1986) (1905) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 34.5% (15-64VRS) 62.5% (65• YRS) 3.0% INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 141 .% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1971) 15,913 MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND SUBSISTENCE: RICE ,PULSES ,CORN 55% CASH: ROBER TOBACCO .COCONUTS 1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1968) RUBBER RICE, WHEAT MAJOR AONICULTURAL IMPORTS:(1985) RICE . TOBACCO . WHEAT POPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE . .....( .) •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES : MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE ( DEATH.. ( .) 86% . TOTAL REVENUES AND QRANTS (S WILLIONS, U.S.) .(.) TOTAL EXPENDITURES MNO NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY .) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AQE GROUP : % PRIMARY (1972) TOTAL 40.6 MALE 47.0 FEMALE SECONDARY. (1971) TOTAL 10.5 MALE 14.8 FEMALE POST SECONDARY (1972) TOTAL 1.3 MALE 2.0 FEMALE 6.3 0.3 DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S NILLIONS, U.S.) .) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( AS X of an 21.1% :: :*:} .(1984) {:} ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERI00, (MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) . C.) .(.) EQUIVALENT TO . MONTHS OF INPORTS ( .) 72 534 CAMBODIAN RESISTANCE PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) FY 1986 Category FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 3,350 3,350 5,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 3,350 3,350 5,000 TOTALS 3,350 3,350 5,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 TOTALS 3,350 3,350 5,000 FY PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and TC personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATAS FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) TC A T Total Category FY (Request) T A5 Total A Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale TOTALS In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovent still in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASP, AMDP). bAcademic: degree veeking. AID 370-2 (8-86) 73 535 CAMBODIAN RESISTANCE Introduction Pursuant to Sections 905 and 906 of the International Security and Develop- sent Cooperation Act of 1985, the United States committed $3.35 million of Economic Support Funds (ESF) for the Khmer non-communist resistance forces In late July 1986. This assistance is provided only for the non-communist forces the Armee National Sihanoukienne (ANS) and the forces of the Khmer people's National Liberation Front (KPNLF). This assistance is a contribution to demonstrate tangible U.S. support for the Cambodians in their struggle to 11berate their homeland. Although the U.S. grant will not itself change the balance of forces, the U.S. intention is that it will increase the effectiveness of the non-communist forces and, in combination with the political and diplomatic efforts of the interna- tional community, prove helpful to the non-communists in their struggle. They have expressed their appreciation for this assistance, which will continue in FY 1987 at a level of $3.35 million. FY 1988 Program For FY 1988, $5 million of ESF is requested for the Cambodian Resistance program (442-0100) to continue support for the non-communist Cambodian resistance forces. Reauthorization is requested of the provisions authorizing such assistance. 74 } 1 536 : Adnosi 1 1 - 537 Cyprus 77 538 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (233) CYPRUS •BASIC DATA *FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 675 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) FOOD & BEVERAGE PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 3, 650 EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 12 (1984) 3% (1984) 20 (1985) 4% (1985) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-83) 5.5% 3% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.4% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MFRD. GOODS. MACH. & TRANS E, FUELS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1966 ) 7.9% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 74 (1984) 70 (1985) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 8% (1984) 6% (1985) (1986) TOTAL 76.4 MALE 73.9 FEMALE 79.0 (1970) TOTAL 69.8 MALE 69.3 FEMALE 70.5 TRADE BALANCE ( S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -656(84) -705 (85) 56 5X -705 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 89% MALE 96% FEMALE 83% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM ITALY , GERMANY • FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 37.4% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 128 10.3% 1.9% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) 10% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / 50 KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 124 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.8% (1978) 0.5% (1986) 1.3% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS, (1970) (1996) BOK MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) 3 (1986) 2 SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT , BARLEY 16% (1985) CASH: GRAPES ,CITRUS FRUIT ,POTATOES 17% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) POTATOES .CITRUS FRUIT ,GRAPES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 25.5% (15-64YRS) 63.8% (65* VRS) 10.7% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) BARLEY WHEAT ,DAIRY PROOS. INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 9 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1983) 21% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 1,060 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) T8. ALL FORNS . CHICKENPOX . MEASLES-ROUGEOLE ( 198 :) 482 (82) 531 (83) 550 DEATH.. ( . ) TOTAL EXPENO I TURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, V.5.) (1981) 624 (82) 654 (83) 684 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) 129% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (1981) - 142 (82) - 124 (83) - 135 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 100% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES.. (1981) 6.7% (82) 3.7% (83) 5.3% TOTAL SCHOOL. ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP ....... ( 1981) 1.9% (82) 1.7% (83) 1.7% PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 79.4 MALE 79.7 FEMALE 79.0 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 79.4 MALE 76.5 FEMALE 79.5 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY.. (1981) TOTAL 2.7 MALE 3.3 FEMALE 2.1 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) 532 (84) 352 (85) 609 EQUIVALENT TO 4.5 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 78 'EL 589 FY inogue: 988 CYPRUS PROGRAM SUMMARY (2000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Estimated) Category Dewelopment Assistana Loon Grmt 10,000 15,000 14,355 10,000 15,000 14,355 Economic Support Fund Lom Grunt Other 10,000 15,000 14,355 TOTALS P.L 400 Title 1 Tide 11 10,000 15,000 14,355 TOTALS PERSONNEL DATA- MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY FY FY (Astu (Estimated (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS Total full time equivalent workyear of employment Includo Hig, excew property, and I personnel Escludes TDP. One workyer - 2,087 hours FY 1988 (Request) T Total PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 Actuell (Estimated) TC Total A T Total A Category 342 321 21 AU 399 21 420 21 389 Bilateral de U.S. Participants 368 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilatored Regionale TOTALS Co-training refer to the sum of participant neu starta during the FY & carryovare still in training from the prior Ty. Academic: degree working NO 3702 003) €Technical: now-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs Participants funded under regional programs logo ahs, 79 540 CYPRUS Introduction The economy of Cyprus was severely disrupted by the hostilities of 1974. Approximately 200,000 Cypriots--almost one-third of the total population-were displaced. Substantial effort was required to resettle displaced persons and provide employment and administrative, educational, medical and social services. The Government of Cyprus (GOC) has done an excellent job in managing its economic problems. After sharp economic reversals in 1974 and 1975, production for domestic consumption and for export grew rapidly. Per capita gross national product (GNP) for the south is estimated to be about $4,400. Unemployment has dropped from a 1974 high of about 30% to about 3.5%, and labor shortages exist in several skill areas. In the north, economic development has been slower, living standards are below those of the south, and unemployment is believed to be higher. While there is little reliable data on economic conditions, ve do know that GNP has increased since 1974 and is estimated at about 1/3 to 1/2 that of the south. Some economic progress is being made despite shortages of foreign exchange and entrepreneurial and managerial skills. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date U.S. assistance demonstrates our continued concern for the people of Cyprus and an active interest in promoting cooperation between Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities. Between FY 1975 and FY 1986, the United States provided about $200 million to Cyprus. of this amount $35.8 million was committed for the Cyprus-America Scholarship Program, begun in 1981, which enables Cypriots to study at educational institutions in the United States. The remainder was used to support United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) programs of housing construction, construction and equipping of health and education facilities, agriculture development and social services. For the past several years, the UNHCR program has been almost entirely funded by the United States. of the $14.3 million provided in FY 1986, $10 million funded the UNHCR programs; the remaining $4.3 million was used for the scholarship prograa. A portion of the funds allocated to the UNHCR was used for projects involving the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities (the Nicosia sewer system, Nicosia master plan/rehabilitation, and a survey for rehabilitation of the handicapped). 80 541 CYPRUS UNHCR projects are designed by the Cyprus Red Cross for both the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities and submitted for review and approval to UNHCR in consultation with the United States, Funds are allocated on the basis of population: 10.05% for the Turkish Cypriot north and 81.95% for the Greek Cypriot south. The Cyprus scholarship program 1s administered jointly by American-Mideast Bducational and Training Services, Inc. (AMIDEAST) and the Fulbright Commission of Cyprus. The first students entered American educational Institutions in the fall of 1982. Presently, there are 399 Cypriot students receiving academic training in the U. S. Some 40 participants vill receive short-tera training of two weeks to six months. To date, approximately 148 participants have completed academic training and returned to Cyprus. Based on current funding, an estimated 792 participants will receive training over the 11te-of-the project (376 full scholarships, 296 partial scholarships and 120 short-term trainees), Academic programa at the undergraduate and graduate level range from two to four years. IT 1988 Program Punds are requested for activities to continue the bicommunal cooperation and the scholarship programs. AID/ Office Director: Gerald Kamens to arra Eorpa Nicosia for 81 542 SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOS PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) LOP PLANNEC AUT42 -T49CUGH FY 35- SILIO- SAD4- ATIONS 3:TURES -ACTUAL FY 36- O9L:;- SNOEN- ATIONS DI TURSS - ESTIMATED FY87- OLIG- EXO:N- STIONS OITURES -PROPOS:0 FY93- OBLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 75 35 1!), 702 173.000 153,333 137.93 10.00 10,373 10.025 12.000 6,666 12,500 6,23 35.355 11.500 13,225 4.355 10,378 5.000 7.333 3.334 6.000 191.500 138,329 14,355 21,757 15.000 10,000 10.000 16.000 101.520 133.23 14.355 21,757 15.00 10,000 19.000 16.000 D. 1:1.523 139.228 14.355 21,757 15.00 סככ,19 10.000 16.000 101,500 138.223 14,355 21,757 15.00 17.00 10.000 16,000 Pucu SR 5:3 AND YEAR 3451 ز. CYPRUS DRUCT 10. 3.) TITLE FY OF SY 05 IIVIT LINAL Olis L! :: ONO: SUPORT PUNO 231-0001 3 25SF 4VOO 1431.ITATION ACTIVIT:13 3 - 1 33 5CM.LARS-1' PRC;?44 TOTAL E ACCOUNT 230,902 205.355 ڈ۷۲ در 210.900 205.555 LOANS CONRY TOTAL TOTAL 232.900 205.355 RANTS 239,90 205.355 LOSS Refers to the planned project many w 82 Clevel of oorty of final obligation column - A projess in the puna i obligation date blowe Deco 31. 196 do the thord Gane or en monta with an imtition date of December 31, 1 hef al ablation is to stored one 543 83 Egypt C 69-533 0 87 - 18 544 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (263) EGYPT BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) 50,525 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 720 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 4.3% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 13. 1% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LON 20% OF POPULATION.. (1975) 5. 1% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 50.3 MALE 57.7 (1970) TOTAL 46.7 MALE 46.7 • FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTSI 1984 )CRUDE PETROLEUM, RAW COTTON COTTON VARN EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) 212 (1984) 174 (1985) 34 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 4% (1983) 7% (1984) 5% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984)FOODSTUFFS ,MACH, & EOVIP. ,FERTILIZERS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S WILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 1.657 (1984) 1.220 (1985) 1, 296 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 27% (1983) 25% (1984) 14% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) -3.715(83) -3.829184)-5,385 TRADING PARTNERS : UNITED STATES ITALY , GERMANY, FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 49.6% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S NILLIONS, U.S.)... (1964) 2,352 AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 26.3% FEMALE 58.8 FEMALE 46.6 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL MALE 57% FEMALE 29% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 1976-1985) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP. ........ (1984) -0.5% 19% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.8% (1978) 2.7% (1986) 2.8% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 42% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 6 ( 1986) SUBSISTENCE : CORN , WEAT . SORGHUM (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1964) 32.ox MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON , ORANGES ,POTATOES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 12.3% (15-64YRS) 54.4% (65+ YRS) 3.3% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS : ( 1985) WHEAT MEATS . RAW SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 102 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE . (1981) 36% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 796 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (3 MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE ( ) (1982) 13,881 (83) 15,824 (84) 17.911 DEATH.. (1979) OTH. DIGESTIVE RESPIRATORY INF. OTHER HEART DIS. TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (Ś MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1982) 10,959 (83) 19,200 (84) 21, 666 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S NILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -3.078 (85) -3,376 (84) -3, 755 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 75% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1982) 11.1% (83) 13.0% (84) 14.1% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF ON... ( 1982) 6.3% (03) 7.2% (84) 7.5% PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 76.8 MALE FEMALE 62.2 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 53.1 MALE 63.6 FEMALE 30.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONDARY.. (1976) TOTAL 11.5 MALE 15.7 FEMALE 7.1 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 228% 1.800 54% (1985) CASH: COTTON ,RICE , VEGETABLES (1903) 1.528 (84) 1.416 (85) 1.370 EQUIVALENT TO 1.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 84 mol 1 545 EGYPT Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 1,068,434 815,000 815,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 1,068,434 815,000 815,000 TOTALS 1,068,434 815,000 815,000 CONSUMPTION P.L. 480 Title Title 11 220,217 213,600 6,617 189,422 185,000 4,422 182,454 180,000 2,454 TOTALS 1,288,651 1/ 1,004,422 21 997,454 ROOLVO AS OF 1/ The FY 1986 total includes $28.843 million FY 1985 deobligated funds and $10.422 million FY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $39.265 million re- obligated funds in FY 1986. Excludes $786 thousand in ESF local costs support. Includes $250 million of FY 1985 supplemental funds. 2/ The FY 1987 total includes $3.420 million in ESF local costs support. To FY 1986 FY 1987 IG PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES US Category FY 1988 USAID (Actual). IG AID (Estimated) IG USAID(Request) U.S. National 114* 8 106 ** 8 106 8 Foreign National 83 10 81 10 81 10 TOTALS 197 18 187 18 187 18 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excess property, and I personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. * Includes 3 IDI's; ** Includes 2 IDI's. FY 1987 Ivan '.'. "Vs or AR.. 20 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA: FY 1986 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) Ab TC Total А T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 734 600 1334 605 475 1080 543 612 1155 Regionale 0 34 34 0 25 25 20 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 0 33 33 0 30 30 25 25 Regionale TOTALS 734 667 1401 605 530 1135 543 657 1200 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipante funded under bilateral programe. prior FY. bAcademic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE, AMDP). AIO 3702 (863) 3: 85 546 EGYPT Introduction The United States' primary objective for the Middle East region 18 to bring about regional peace, stability, and security, broaden the base of the present Egyptian-Israeli peace agreement, and bring all of the principal countries of the Arab-Israeli dispute into a comprehensive peace settlement. Egypt is central to achieving this objective. For this reason, the United States will continue to provide substantial economic 888istance to Egypt to support stability and growth. 0.s. assistance 18 especially critical at this time to help the Egyptian Government implement 1ts recently formulated econonic reform program and reach agreement with the World Bank and IMF for their support. Economic Growth: Egypt's gross domestic product grew at an average annual rate of about 8% between 1975 and 1982, compared with 2.5% annually between 1967 and 1974. Since 1983, Egypt's gross domestic product has grown at about half the rate of the previous seven years. This substantially slower growth can be attributed to much lower rates of expansion in such key sectors as petroleum and construction, In lower workers' remittances from other Middle Eastern countries, and fron excessive governnental control of the economy The public sector dominance of Egyptian Industry and questionable economic policies, including inappropriate public pricing, stifle innovation and repress productivity. Many government owned and operated industrial plants, such as fertilizer and aluminum smelting, absorb large quantities of scarce resources in economically inefficient production. Agricultural production has been increasing at 2% to 3% annually over the past four years, about the same as population growth. However, the food deficit 18 growing with consumption growth increasing more rapidly than agricultural production. Balance of Payments: The balance of payments deficit on current account has expanded from 1.1 billion in 1982/1983 to $3.0 billion in 1983/1984 and may reach $4 billion in 1986/1987. The major cause of this sharp deterioration has been the fall in petroleum export earnings and the stagnation in other export receipts. With debt service payments increasing steadily, a shortfall in resources has required a reduction by $1.7 billion 1n imports during 1984/1985. Egypt's external debt has risen steadily to $39 billion, requiring debt servicing of $4.0 billion annually or 35% of the country's foreign exchange earnings. In addition, during the last several years Egypt has allowed a build-up 1a external arrears of over half a billion dollars annually. Fiscal and Monetary conditions: The budget deficit has increased from LE 4.6 billion in 1982/1983 to around LE 8 billion in 1985/1986. The main cause has been the slow rise in revenues combined with a rise in military spending, subsidies, lavestments and public sector employment. While the sharply lover world oil prices and the current policy of import restraint 86 547 EGYPT are reducing sone revenues, implementation of key elements of the Government of Egypt's (GOE) economic reform program, especially much higher energy prices, should make it possible for the GOE to substantially reduce the budget deficit. This would reduce the GOE's need to resort to bank borrowing, and alleviate domestic inflation which now runs at about 20% per year. Economic Reform Program: The GOF. has announced its Intention to reduce the country's budgetary and balance of payments deficits, increase overall productivity throughout the economy and create the conditions for self-sustained economic growth. Initial steps have already been Taplesented. These reforms, now under review, include: Continued moves toward exchange rate unification and some replacement of import bans by high tariffs. A major customs reform was initiated in August 1986. Movement toward more realistic interest rates through tighter control of the money supply. More careful screening and supervision of investments together with greater efforts to stimulate more private investment, including converting some public entities to private ownership. Tight restraint on other spending featuring a limit on annual increases in the wage bill of 5%. This will be accomplished through cuts in new hiring, measures to encourage early retirement, and shifting some government services to the private sector. Gradual phasing out of most nonessential food subsidies through a three stage jump in corn prices to international levels and a gradual expansion of unrationed supplies of the other basic foodstuffs to be sold at much higher prices. The initial doubling of corn prices has already occurred. Improved targeting of subsidies for a relatively few necessities to be made available only to specific low income groups. Continued price increases and more flexible pricing practices for Industrial products to reduce losses and to bring about higher profit transfers to the treasury. Regular and substantial increases in electricity rates and in the prices of petroleum products toward international parity to achieve a billion dollar increase in revenues, more reliance on energy conservation and wider use of natur gas to increase the oil available for export. 87 548 EGYPT ESINE Increased utility rates and transportation and service fees to cover at least all operation and maintenance costs. Gradual removal of controls over agricultural production and increases in the prices of crops and production inputs to international levels. artet While a great many policy reform 18sues remain unresolved, the Government has begun to grapple with economic reform over the past year. Especially noteworthy are the measures taken in the last few months to reforn custons procedures and to increase official agricultural prices. These measures reflect the now widespread awareness in the GOE of the magnitude of its worsening economic crisis. The economic reform program 18 being discussed with the World Bank and IMF, with the intention of arranging increased sector lending with the Bank and a Standby Agreement with the IMF. As part of the continuing policy dialogue, the Mission is encouraging the GOE to reach agreement with the Bank and IMF and will monitor and support implementation of refors measures. Tin A.1.D Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.I.D. strategy 18 to help the GOE increase productivity and improve the quality of Egyptian 11fe through a broad program of project and non-project assistance. Key themes of the program are improvement of public policies at the macroeconomic and sectoral levels and promotion of Egypt's private sector. The program concentrates in four na jor areas: balance of payments support to promote stability and growth while the Rgyptian Government goes through the difficult process of economic policy reform; tre development of an economic infrastructure; improvement of productivity in private sector agriculture and Industry; and development of human resources. taht be Balance of payments support: A.I.D.'s major balance of payments support mechanisms are the Commodity Import Program (CIP), the Food For Peace Title I concessional sales program, and since 1984 annual cash transfers. These programs contribute to the Mission's productivity objectives. The CIP 18 being refocused to balance the program between the public and the private sector. The PL-480 program 18 linked to a "self-help" agricultural policy reform program undertaken by the GOE to improve production Incentives and increase efficiency in the sector. The cash transfer program supports a program of economic policy reform, initiated by the GOE in consultation with the United States. More than 50% of V.S. economic assistance to Egypt in recent years has been provided under the CIP, PL-480 Title I, and cash transfer programs. 88 549 EGYPT The Commodity Import Program (CIP) is A.I.D.'s largest single program of assistance to Egypt. It has provided to date well over $3 billion for the taport of needed commodities from the U.S. In FY 1986, the public sector CIP vas reduced from $200 million to $155 aillion, and $50 million was used to begin the Private Sector CIP (0201.01), which provides loan funds for comodity laports for private sector firms. Over the past 10 years, A.I.D. has provided about $2.5 billion in PL 480 Mtle I agricultural comodities, mainly wheat and wheat flour. A major evaluation of the title I program carried out by A.I.D. in 1984 indicated that the effect of the prograu has been to refaforce the government's price and other Interventionist policies in reducing the economic Incentive for production of domestic grafns and possibly other crops. To offset this effect, A.I.D. has begun a gradual reduction of the Title I program, on the positive side, Title I wheat imports appear to have been used equitably. The GOE uses a well-developed distribution system which reaches the entire country more equitably than most other countries for which similar programs exist. It has been able to distribute 30% of the wheat received to the poorest 40% of the population. However, the government's supply system has virtually eliminated private sector activity in distribution and storage of wheat. Since 1984, the United States has provided a total of $812 million in cash to Egypt. Starting in 1984, congress has earmarked a portion of each year's ESF program for cash transfer to help Egypt meet its needs for foreign exchange. In FY 1985 Congress passed a $500 million supplemental appropriation to be provided to Egypt in cash grants over FY 1985 and FY 1986. This unprecedented level of cash a9818tance provided the basis for a V.S./GOE policy dialogue on structural reform of the economy. We believe this dialogue, along with IMF and World Bank consultations and the growing severity of the economic crisis, played an important role in moving the GOE to take specific policy reform measures in the past year and to formulate the comprehensive macro-economic policy reform program recently announced. Development of Economic Infrastructure: To lay the foundation for increased production and facilitate the delivery of community services, A.I.D. will continue assistance to finance the rehabilitation, modernization, and expansion of Egypt's economic lofrastructure, including community infrastructure financed through the decentralization program. The largest Investments in this area are in water and wastewater systems (the highest priority in the GOE Five Year Plan), energy generation and distribution, and the development of small, community level infrastructure, Since 1978, A.I.D. has committed more than a billion dollars to rehabilitate and expand the water and wastewater systems in Cairo, Alexandria, the canal cities of Ismailla, Suez and Port Said, and the provincial cities of Minia, Fayout and Beni Suef. During this period, the GOE has increased its ova lavestments in the sector dramatically. 89 550 BGYPT A.I.D. and the GOE have signed a Memorandum of Understanding which makes further A.1.D. assistance to the sector conditional upon evidence of institutional refore and tariff increases to make the system financially viable. In mid-1985, water tariffs were increased to cover 35% of operations and maintenance costs with a 10% surcharge for sever services. Service has also improved significantly. To date more than a million Cairo residents are benefitting frou significantly reduced flooding as a result of the Cairo Severage project. An $816 villion phase II of the Cairo Severage project, begun 10 FY 1984, 18 expanding the collection system to the largely unaevered areas of the West Bank of the Nile and increasing the Cairo wastewater treatment plant capacity. A.I.D. floanced water and wastewater activities in the provincial cities have strengthened the local private sector's capacity to design and construct wastewater infrastructure and have improved the adalnistrative practices and contracting procedures of local water and wastewater authorities. attral alt TESE . In the energy sector, hetween 1975 and 1986, A.I.D. provided almost $1 billion in project and commodity assistance to support development of Egypt's electric pover capacity, Power generation capacity has grown rapidly. Total installed capacity almost doubled from 3,789 MW in 1976 to 8,330 MW in 1986. A.I.D. project assistance has contributed to the Installation of 1,707 MW of additional generational capacity about 37% of the total increase. sete Despite the massive Investments in electrical generation, by the GOE, A.I.D. and other donors lacluding the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, African Development Bank, the Japanese Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund, and the Canadian International Development Association, consumption has grown even faster than production. From 1974-1986, Industrial and residential consumption of electricity grew at an average annual rate of 12%, or about 4% faster than growth of GDP. Current projections forecast a serious deficit in power generation capability after 1988, which could act as a brake on economic development. Growth in electricity consumption reflects not only the growth in the Egyptian economy but also, in part, the effects of a tariff structure which heavily subsidizes electricity use. A.I.D. and the World Bank have urged the GOE to enact real increases in tariffs and eliminate subsidies over a 8-10 year period. In the past few years the policy of both donors has been to make the level of financing for power generation a function of progress in rate increases. The most recent step, implemented in mid-1985, increased electricity tariffs by approximately 33%. Further increases are planned as part of the new reforu program. A.1.D. has provided $681 nillion for local development /decentralization from 1978 to 1986. In urban areas of the 24 districts of greater Cairo and Alexandria, over 2,000 separate sub-activities have benefitted more than aine ai111on Egyptiang. Iaprovements have included construction of over 1,000 new classroons, Installation of over 200,000 11near meters of street lighting in low-incone areas, 52 health clinics renovated and equipped and 50 youth 90 551 EGYPT centers constructed. The rural component of the decentralization effort has luplemented over 4,600 basic service and infrastructure projects in 3,700 villages 1a 22 rural governorates. This includes over 2,000 potable water projects, 1,341 rural roads and 311 sewerage projects. The system of responsible, elected local government bodies was established in 1960. But until 1979, these local units did not fully utilize the authority legally delegated to them, partly because of inexperience and partly due to lack of fiscal resources. A.I.D.'s program supported the GOE's shift in eaphasis towards local development. The planning processes introduced under the decentralization program, the training provided local government officials, and the incentive of additional capital resources, have all spurred local governments to use their authorities more fully and to plan, execute, and manage development projects more effectively. Perhaps even more significant, local councils encouraged by A.I.D. contributions have mobilized their own resources to upgrade infrastructure. Agricultural and Industrial Productivity: To promote Industrial and agricultural productivity, A.I.D. encourages improvement of GOE policies, promotes private sector responses to economic needs, and assists in the development and dissemination of productive technologies. In industry, emphasis 18 on increasing the role of the private sector in Egyptian industry and commerce through credit to productive enterprises in need of foreign exchange and through technical assistance in management and technology application. New project financing for public sector industries has been discontinued. A.I.D. supports increasing agricultural productivity through projects in agricultural research and technology dissemination, including irrigation technology, and through a highly successful credit program that nakes production loans at market rates to small farmers who lack the collateral for normal bank loans. Policy dialogue in agriculture focuses on freelng prices of inputs and outputs to rationally allocate resources and spur production and on broadening the role of the private sector in marketing agricultural Inputs and production. Finally, A.I.D. supports long-term lavestments la future productivity throughout the economy through a Science and Technology program. The most dramatic contributions of A.I.D.'s $405 million agriculture program (1975–1986) have been improved crop varieties introduced through agriculture research. These include: Improved seeds for the major cereal crops that have the potential to produce 30% nore naize, 65% more wheat, 50% more sorghum, 30% more soybeans, and 50% more rice; New tomato varieties with yields four to five times the average national yield of about eight tons per acre and a longer growing season; New disease resistant cucumber and squash varieties which increase yields by 30%; and The first quality apple to be produced in Egypt. 91 552 EGYPT The Small Farmer Production project (263-0079) has demonstrated an effective way to increase agricultural production without recourse to production quotas. It combines credit (at near-market prices) and extension services. The GOE has accepted this bodel for wider replication. The project also took some plant materials and technical application packages developed under the agricultural research effort and accelerated their distribution to farmers. Production and profits have increased considerably, especially in citrus and other horticulture crops. As part of the A.I.D. effort begun to FY 1985 to consolidate and refocus the agricultural program to more effectively address the problems of Egyptian agriculture, a new $123 million agricultural production credit program was initiated in FY 1986. The program will encourage policy reforu through a disbursement mechanism based on policy performance. It will provide farmers with an unrationed credit and input supply system by developing the institutional capacity of Egypt's agricultural credit bank the (PBDAC) and its village bank system and by beginning the transfer of laput supply from the public sector to private dealers. A.I.D.'s assistance to Egyptian Industry promotes private enterprise developaent primarily through the Private Enterprise Credit project (PEC) comprised of the Private Sector CIP (263-0201.01), and the Private Enterprise Ten Credit project (263-0201.2). The latter program 18 the successor to the Production credit project (263-0147), which provided foreign exchange and short term credit and the Private Investment Encouragement Fund (263-0097), which provides medium and long term credit. The PEC project also provides support for a small-scale industry program. Based on a recommendation of the Production Credit evaluation completed in FY 1985 that a flexible foreign exchange rate be adopted and local currency generations be used to encourage laprovements in the credit market, the program adopted the fluctuating, commercial bank premium exchange rate and uses local currency proceeds for the small scale industry program. The private sector CIP component 18 laplemented by 10 local commercial banks. Banks are allocated money on the basis of their performance la utilizing funds 1o accordance with A.I.D.'s objectives. As of June 30, 1986, the predecessor Production Credit project (263-0147) had financed 586 separate transactions for the private sector in Egypt valued at over $86.7 million to import a vide variety of goods, fron agricultural spray aircraft to commercial zinc. A 1984 evaluation's analysis of the types of commodities financed and the industries receiving project imports showed that the goods were generally appropriate to Egypt's needs and were effectively used. The Government has pledged both support for private sector productive activities and renewed commitment to expanding public sector production. While there 18 a growing awareness of the importance of increasing the opportunities for private entrepreneurs, there 18 also strong lingering support, among many GOE policy makers, for a dominant public sector role in production and employment generation. This support has been shaken with the 92 553 EGYPT recent sharp decline in the overall performance of public corporations in Egypt. The lack of clear direction may take several more years to resolve. There have been, however, important policy and legislative changes adopted over the last 12 years to stimulate private sector industrial expansion. They faclude: Public Law 43, encouraging joint ventures; Companies Law, providing incentives for private company formation; and Establishment of a capital Market Authority. A.I.D. cross sectoral assistance in science and technology initially focused on revitalizing the technical capacity of Egypt's universities and research Institutes. More recently, an equal emphasis on involving the S&T community la addressing problems of productivity and energy and natural resources analysis has been added. These activities improved Egypt's capacity to conduct applied research, trained a substantial number of scientists, engineers and technicians, supplied major scientific equipment, and, most inportant, improved management capabilities for research and development and technology transfer. In FY 1986, a new phase of the S&T program began. A.I.D. provided $3 million to cover start-up costs for a more comprehensive project (263-0140), which will include all new S&T Initiatives. Building on previously developed capacity, this new initiative represents a more sophisticated phase of assistance to the Egyptian science and technology community. It will Integrate Egyptian and A.I.D. resources to solve higher level and more complex problems in child health, land use planning, energy management and production training, and research in areas such as construction materials, rural productivity improvement, water/wastewater reuse and plant biotechnology, Human Resources Development: To improve the physical quality of life of the Egyptian people and to improve their productivity in the workplace, U.S. a881stance will continue to support the development of human resources. In the health sector, A.I.D. will focus on Improving child survival rates and on the development of private health services on a cost-recovery basis. In population, A.I.D. will support Egyptian public and private programs that seek to reduce human fertility through the spread of modern family planning methods. In education, A.I.D. programs will continue to improve access to primary schooling and to upgrade professional skills through training programs in the United States and in Egypt. A.1.D. has provided over $278 million for education and training since 1975, Our major effort to increase primary school enrollmente (through the Basic Education project, 263-0139) is financing construction of 1200 schools in rural areas currently underserved (1.e., the nearest school 18 at least 5 km away). To date, 325 schools have been completed and several new schools are being completed each week. The impact on primary school enrollments 18 striking. In the two years since the first schools were completed, enrollment in these target areas has increased 13% overall, with an even higher increase in girls' enrollment. 93 554 EGYPT Since 1975, A.I.D. has financed over 7,216 participants in academic and technical training in the United States, and by 1987 the number 18 expected to exceed 1,200 annually. Women have been 17% of the total. In recent years about 25% received training in agriculture, about 25% in education, 16-18% in public administration, and 12% in health. A 1983 study on participant training concluded that probably 50% of those trained are working in areas such as agriculture, health and population, in which A.I.D. has development activities. The payoff way well be much greater, however, in terms of attitudes towards the U.S. and its free market systea. 意​。 ed 18 In population, A.I.D. assistance began in 1977. Since that time, contraceptive prevalence anong married couples of reproductive age has increased from 17% to over 30% in 1986. Also encouraging has been the 32% increase over the past 2 years in the couple years of contraceptive protection provided through an A.I.D. supported commercial retail sales program. In part, because of A.I.D. support, seven out of ten Egyptians now obtain contraceptives from private pharmacies and physicians and the commerical retail sales program 18 responsible for more couple years of protection than the GOE's public sector distribution channels. This level of performance is significant for Fgypt but does not compare favorably to countries at a similar level of socio-economic development such as Thailand, Mexico and Indonesia, which have highly successful family planning programs. The birth rate for Egypt is currently estimated at 2.77 compared to approximately 2.9-3.0% in 1977. At the current rate, the population would double by 2011. The GOE iaitiated a more effective population strategy and program la January 1985. It 188ued presidential decrees establishing a National Population Council (NPC) to coordinate population family planning activities in the country and appointing a highly committed Secretary General to head the NPC. Still, more government commitment will be necessary to deal effectively with Egypt's population problem. Puture A.I.D. funding will encourage NPC efforts to fulfill its potential and continue support to increase private sector participation in contraceptive manufacture and distribution. A.I.D. resources in the health sector have been shifted from support of health delivery systems generally to a more narrow emphasis on reducing the unacceptable high mortality and morbidity caused by largely preventable childhood diseases. Half of all deaths in Egypt occur among children under the age of five, and half of these are due to diarrheal diseases (about 180,000 deaths in 1981), Recent surveys of vital statistics show that deaths among the under five group have declined by at least 40% since 1981 in Alexandria, the site of the oral rehydration pilot campaign, and by 20% to 25% in several other governorates. The infant mortality rate (deaths among infants under one year of age) is estimated by the Goe to have declined from 101 per 1,000 in 1981 to 66 per 1,000 in 1985. This is attributable largely to the A.I.D.-assisted nationwide oral rehydration therapy program (ORT) Introduced in 1981. A.I.D. has provided 75% of total assistance for ORT, with additional support from UNICEF and WHO. The program's success was bolstered by the extensive system of rural and urban health facilities, which A.I.D. has ate ite PL- ui 94 555 EGYPT assisted since 1976 with training to upgrade health workers' skills and clinic renovations. This is among A.I.D.'s most important contributions to Egypt, and it has occurred at a surprisingly low cost: A.I.D.'s total investment in health care since 1976 18 $177 million. A.I.D. will continue and expand on this success by maintaining support for diarrheal disease control. Other new initiatives focus preventive health deasures on four major causes of morbidity and mortality among young children and their mothers, rationalize health care financing in Egypt, and increase participation of the private sector in providing health care services. The P2-480 Title II program addresses nutritional deficiencies of children and their mothers through the distribution of food by CARE and Catholic Relief Services. La FY 1986, 820,000 mothers and Infants received instant corn-soy ailk, milk powder and vegetable oil in maternal child health centers throughout Egypt; 18,000 children attending day care centers and orphanages and 67,600 Bedouins in the Sinai received dietary supplements of bulgur wheat, vegetable oil and wheat flour. Beginning with the School Lunch component, the Ntle II program began a phase out in FY 1985 which will be completed in FY 1989. The phase out 18 based on the: (a) Generally high levels of food availability in Egypt; and (b) A.I.D.'conviction that a significantly improved nutritional contribution to reduced infant mortality and morbidity will come through nutrition education of mothers, including developing their capacity to fashion infant foods from their own food resources. PY 1988 Program A.I.D. requests $815 million in ESF funds and $180 million in PL 480 Title I commodities for FY 1988 economic assistance to Egypt. Balance of Payments: Punding of $200 million 18 proposed for CIP programs. of this amount, $100 million will support the private sector. The $100 million CIP funding for the public sector will finance V.S. imports in such categories as machinery, equipment, spare parts, Industrial raw materials, grains, and semi-finished goods needed to lacrease domestic production and salatain essential public and private sector services. The private sector CIP will finance similar commodities for selected private sector firns. The emphasis of the CIP programs will be on discouraging the use of CIP coumodities for subsidized Inputs and for industries in which product prices are controlled and encouraging the use of CIP where products could be better produced by private industry in a free market environment. A cash transfer of $115 million 18 also requested for continued balance of payments support. PL-480 Title I resources of $180 million will provide approximately 1.1 million metric tons of wheat and wheat flour (wheat equivalent) against an estimated import requirements of 7.5 million tons. The "Self-Help" provisions of the title I sales agreenent will contique Government of Egypt incentives to 95 556 EGYPT improve public policies and programs to increase agricultural production. Under the 1986 agreement the GOE has continued to address such important 18sues as faru prices, subsidies, input pricing, and laput distribution. Infrastructure: A.I.D. proposes $221 million for economic infrastructure support to continue assistance to the Government of Egypt to rehabilitate, modernize, and expand the country's capital Infrastructure base, including $156 million for the continuation of water and severage projects. A new project, Canal Cities Water and Sewerage II (263-0174), wil1 be initiated in PY 1988. It wil1 complement existing programs designed to rehabilitate or construct urban water and wastewater systems by financing improvements in the existing water and sewerage systems of the three Suez Canal Cities of Port Said, Ismailla, and Suez and will extend a water pipeline to an industrial zone in that includes the Suez cement plant. The decentralization component of the Infrastructure program includes $65 million to continue U.S. assistance for the development of local Infrastructure and promotion of popular participation in the local decision making process through the government decentralization program. Agricultural and Industrial Productivity: A.I.D.'s FY 1988 request includes a total of 3192 million to promote Increased agricultural and industrial production. In agriculture, $82 million will continue support for ongoing efforts in agricultural research, technology dissemination and production credit. In industry, a total of $80 million will continue support to the private sector through credit to productive enterprises in need of foreign exchange and through continued support for construction of an ammonia fertilizer plant which will be initiated in PY 1987 1f the GoE agrees to significant private sector equity in the plant. Reduction of fertilizer subsidies and an increased role for the private sector in the distribution and marketing of fertilizer will also be stressed. Selected ongoing cross-sectoral programs in science and technology aimed at improving productivity will be continued under the S&T for Developuent project (263-0140) with a request for $30 million in u.s. assistance. A.I.D. will 89818t the GOE mobilize the Egyptian science and technology community for the purpose of pinpointing critical development problems and structuring selected comprehensive S&T projects to develop both technological solutions and the beans for their practical application. Human Resources: A.I.D. requests $82 million for human resources development In FY 1988 and $2.81 million in PL-480 Title II assistance. These funds will continue ongoing activities in the education/training, health/nutrition and population sectors. In education and training, $46 million will support existing activities which are improving access to primary schooling and upgrading professional training through prograns in the United States and in Egypt. In health, $21 million will continue projects to improve child survival rates and develop private health services on a cost-recovery basis. The population program will require $15 million in FY 1988 to continue support for expansion of family planning services through GoE family planning programs and through direct support to the private sector to increase its participation. PL 480 Title II resources are requested for PVO feeding prograus. Mission Director: Frank B. Kimball 96 557 SUMMARY or CIN ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) . 1 FY OF INITIAL OBLIG FY OF FINAL OLI: LOP PLANNE UTMD -THROUGH FYS- OLIS- SXPEN- ATIONS DITUR SS -ACTUAL Y $6 JSLI EXPEN- ATIONS SITUS IS -ESTINATED FY97- OLIG PXEN ATIONS D: TURES -DROPOSED FYR O9LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 ¿CONONIC SUPPORT FUND --- --- --- ... --- --- ... --- 30,135 29,935 93 29.235 30.135 --- --- 49 248, 980 249.664 --- ... --- .-- --- --- --- --- 434 69.163 91 70.00 69.597 72.000 --- --- --- --- 17,345 210.084 81 227, 429 229,763 סככ,230 --- --- 2,546 27,673 295, 123 92 350.000 350.000 350.000 --- ... --- 29.374 ... 27.529 244,701 301.055 03 301.055 301.355 --- --- 4,707 --- 96,30 115.679 83,614 --- --- --- 115.000 כנס,115 --- 115,00 G $7 CASH TRANSFER --- --- --- --- --- 40,000 --- 103.003 120.333 097 :7 CONNODITY INPORT PROGRAM (U3 SEC) --- 100.000 --- --- --- 53 120.000 --- --- ... 115.00 115.000 --- 98 33 פנ115,3 --- --- --- 53.933 69,285 ככ,36 95 202.305 200.000 200,00 --- .. --- כככ.239 253,000 PROGRAM: !:YPT PROJECT NUR 4D TITL! 1.39 249.235 250.000 243.336 こっち​K052 L 79 7? ..NITY IMPORT PROGRAM VII ככ250,0 263-K053 L 30 OMMODITY INPORT PROGRAM IX 205-394 L 50 20 COMMODITY IMPORT PROGRAM XII 249.193 250.000 263-K055 L OONMODI11 IXPORT PROGRAM 20 3-K003 91 OMYOSITY IMPORT PROGRAM 23-K034 3 92 COMODITY INOT PROGRAM 263-6606 33 COMMODITY INPORI PROGRAM 300,000 203-6627 G COMMODITY IMPORT PROGRAM 300.350 300.000 23-K014 203-613 263-X010 G 33 COMMODITY IMPORT PROGRAM (PUBLIC SECTOR) 263-651) CASA TRANSFER 231-(010 35 :MODITY YXPORT PROGRAM 250.000 253,000 263-1511 G 35 SUPPLEMENTAL CASH TRANSFER 503, 530 S33.000 97 Retroud project of Cartoon Key FY Pretor com-Al project in the colonitidion dat beton December 31, 3d on the world done for protehnication to do Deco 31, 10th FY of Finelin dans le con 558 ::۲; SUSRY OP 4CTIVE AND PROPOS!? PROJ!CTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) ONU! 1 3 I\11:41 FINAL LCP PLANN) 5 5.7.0 -THROUGH #Y95- 041:6- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91760 SNCTIT -ACTUAL FT26. EXPEN OITURES - 91760 - STIMAT PY37- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES V: 47: Y DORT :: 3-41: 30 Stea! 135,420 155.99 -PROPOSED FY89- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 155,400 40.000 95,400 113..55 113,055 112.055 110.055 svonga 24. OST$ 3U727 3.-23 ?? ... ... OCCH; 209,212 --- :ال:!:: 31,165 --- --- --- 3 ܕܕ 1,735 --- ::: CITIT 'N 125,220 135,000 COCCO 9.332 COCOS --- :!-021 --- 3 . 70 2.900 13,700 ددغو ده ن :۰۱ از ۰۹۰ جز L.VPY 11,900 CCA" 2000 --- --- --- 1,212 --- 3.681 ::-> -- 3 CAT nil! Sirloc! --- --- --- 33.522 CCO 30.175 ? ۱۵۱۶-د 70 --- ܕܐ - 19,17 20.223 19.374 19,186 3 ... --- ; 74 JAAL INGY TR3L CENTER -.. 1.653 2.530 2.500 790 --- ... ... ... --- --- a .. -- --- 41:0UAL Y CONTROL UNT: --- 40,26 61.323 41.000 38,387 1.21 بخند زد 300 G 77 --- --- --- 15 CAR tiaSN:c! AS7Cid --- --- 3.75 --- 3.661 -- ܞܕܕܟܕ ; ܕ 2.116 3 75 --- 7,274 13,503 7,918 3.510 1.214 ::.JS store 75 --- --- 43,736 --- --- 46,23 43.222 19 --- 86 4:12 $07.-:2 :.0-16 --- !.423 5.423 70 isti! 11:34 ORLANT CCC CS: 22,573 24,00 2.960 17,706 T.CHOL is !!! 2.376 :۱۔ -:: 70 09:24:4 INDUSTeraL 3 INK! 33,195 >/CDIPBRA!! iglo 3023 2:!:00:3 37.000 43.300 3.000 31. 107 AYPOSRV 11: 2.127 3-9:27 8. :40C+ AND TRAINING !1.136 21.707 21.267 15,551 istis 501:5 !!! 'Retos to the pro Curels etter et Yo nel bon co- Autownie bolo De ohitetton Become mone thredole 559 I TOUSANDS OF DOLLA PY PYS- OST: ATV- L . "INIL LOP PLANve> AUTH - 1.0 -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXE OITURES -ACTUAL OBL!:- ATIONS INITIAL OOLI: SNOTA SITURs ATIONS DITUROS . aT: ONS ITUPUS 67,400 65, 576 55.677 3.29 CC.US 31.931 1 30.476 ..S04 31.12 22.133 2.2.917 36 77 FAMILY PLANNING 23-203 G 79 SACURA L XMENNA THAAL POXER PLANT ܪܐܐܪ 243.23 253,20 S 1 ?? 9.223 29,264 37.797 90 33.565 CCC C. --- 10.991 --- --- --- 2,220 $1.138 7,077 35 51.133 31.139 --- --- --- --- 45.425 45.012 1 CE 77 URBAN ELECTRIC DISTRISUTION 45.623 46.312 5.431 20? 12.154 COC'S 43.385 61,400 OC 25 77 36 G CAIRO WATER SUPLY 67.123 --- --- 29.623 --- --- --- --- --- 359 39.000 2 77 , 92 --- ... ... ... 29,732 30.000 10 --- ... --- --- 7.787 123 7,944 9 CS 77 IRRIGATION PUMPIN: 7,723 3.320 166 935 --- --- --- --- --- 2.157 --- 27,901 26,905 27.051 15 OCCOLS --- --- --- 145 1.534 1.578 1,750 i na DEVELOPM*T INJUSTEIAL SANK 1: --- ... כככ.2 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 10,160 13,261 ܐܐ 1 78 13,161 11.321 SU: POST DEVELOPMENT COC11 7,704 13.444 --- --- 71.353 100,003 ננסכן 78 ZE 139,793 --- --- --- --- --- 59,599 59,599 32 5,329 CCC 09 --- COS --- 1.700 ככ5,3 5.003 30 JUDITAX:+ CEMENT PLANI CCCos 99 PROJECT NUTTER av TITL! 2.3-002 23-0331 G 77 #GRICULTJRAL MECHANIZATION 203-0033 6 77 UROIN ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION 255-0033 261-00 38 293-0038 CAIRO WATER SUPPLY 203-0040 13.°21 14,909 243-0041 5 77 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS 16.900 1973 259-0042 6 78 TOCMAICAL AND FEASIBILITY 5 TUOIES IV 255-0345 ، با - 24 io!-0048 S CANAL CITI! WATE? AND 59.24G! i3-0048 L 73 CANAL CITI!5 WATER AND 5€ PAS! 253-3952 -All the non doublere Debo 1, attoriand done. Dec 31, Y of final en bed. 560 SUNNADY 3* ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OR DOLLARS) OGRAM: EGYPT L 7 ey Of INITIAL FY OF *IVAL LOP PLANN! AUTMD -THROUS FY99- 09LIG- SXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES G 911EC -ESTINATED FY87- OLIG- EXOEN- ATIONS OITURES 9:180 -PROPOSED FY83- 03LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 7 05.000 95.000 87.551 7,649 73 ATTA: 4 CIENT OLANT 72 DEVELOPIT PLANNING STUDIES CCC 90 22.300 22.300 19,669 1,71 1.903 CC 9.22 --- 643 90 23,400 27.50 23,400 12,413 6.364 6.623 --- --- --- 538 --- --- 78 21 CCC CE CCOOE COCOCO 41,778 --- 12.539 160 --- 29906 30 52, 3 52,433 92.400 46,505 --- 5,736 --- 60 --- --- --- 5.331 --- 10.063 6.000 --- --- 3 CS 91 busizza PSEUCTEN:19 33,957 3,000 30,000 20, 501 --- 6.173 --- 6.932 --- 3 73 91 129,003 129.000 34,627 19,730 --- 24,500 כככ,129 --- --- --- --- 6 7 31.333 33.000 305 2.957 כננ33 --- 9,439 --- 12.695 ?? ܐ ܀ 243,521 13.700 199,621 51.324 23.257 50.000 40.000 67,200 --- --- 3 33,555 93.555 93,555 31.974 5.463 C!1:ncca 13:15:10: 14.026 --- --- --- 16,463 75 PJCT NUR 111 ܕܙܪ :71!1 CA: 123-9052 ISONICE 25-00:4 073 AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT S670-i;. el . 35 ? 34 LOW-COST HEALTH DELIVETY 45,553 4 5.553 49.553 17.063 13.555 13.501 1:3-000 105N IN COMMUNITY JPGCAOIN; 2,1-007 AJO? CEREALS IMPROVEMENT SYST: 23-7,70 MAL F. 1:2 PROJCTION 43,76 7.000 27.606 CCC '07 06-27 INIKIAC:c1 2,3-0,01 C#:2 5: ASC 23-07 3 SAIVATE INVESTMENT ONCOUPAGE 1 SUV :>3-01) G LEXANDRIA SIRASE 2:3-0101 $9-C1C1 7 10:10ncesc 7:: 2157C!! 45,465 16,736 --- --- --- --- 4.529 10,49 40.445 5.910 ?CIO-102 . ני כנ35,3 בכ23,2 3,72 6.296 2.971 3,335 5.000 6.150 T: 12V 23 AND 15:31:17 STUDIES 30.000 100 Rotorshow Curto ten we PAS 26:: 561 GURNABY CIN ACTIVE ANO PROPOSE DES THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS L PY OF INITIAL O&LIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO PINAL O&LIG -THROUGH PY8- O9LIG - EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 -ACTUAL Y 36- OBLIG- exPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINAT 90 F787- OBLIG- #XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY&&- OSLIS exPN- ATIONS DI TURIS 97 36.790 37.250 2.700 10.820 3.40 7.OCO 7.627 5.041 95 60.00 60.000 63.000 42.397 6.715 6.145 6,245 --- --- --- 1,603 1,400 30 97 3.700 3.750 3,730 2.183 --- 456 5.000 1.329 --- 1.500 80 4,100 3.169 --- 392 --- 32 --- 4,03 5.000 --- 22 122.000 66,449 27,227 --- 19.03 --- 9,300 90 TELECOMMUNICATIONS III 122. 122.000 90 35 20.500 13,297 3.305 --- 1.600 23.500 27.500 --- 1.796 --- 7,670 --- 6.962 35 3 6.000 -0. 7.000 343 כככ,11 11.200 21.029 26.274 S DEVELOPMENT TRAINING 101,93 109,000 G 31 33 IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 80 15.900 7,210 3,277 6,106 --- 1,305 15,900 17.103 30,000 25.000 12.140 5.118 10.000 5.231 91 ONTROL OF DIARRASAL DISSASES 3.511 כככ,26 91 89 190.000 190.000 €5.000 47.174 20.000 13,194 25.00 20.30 25.000 33,373 91 DOO 3.000 47 131.600 131,600 10.000 6,433 30.000 14.060 PODORAN. EGYPT PROJECT NUSER AND TITLE 263-0105 G 30 NIVERAL PETROL EU 8 TROUNDWATER ASSESS. 263-0110 3 PEACE FELLOWSHIPS PROGRAN כ3,00 5.000 2.58S 3,000 253-0112 6 79 PRIVATE SECTOR FEASIBILITY STUDIES 8.000 263-0115 6 TAX ADMINISTRATION 263-0116 3 30 A GRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 263-0117 253-0118 G UNIVERSITY LINKAGES 14,300 3,115 3,00 1,37 26?-0123. G 32 POLICY PLANNING AND RENEWABL: ENERGY 25,000 12.630 253-0125 73.00 40.631 23,303 16,427 43.00 263-0132 22.500 27,000 37.333 165.3 139,430 263-013. 3 SUEZ COMUNITY MEALTH PERSONNEL TRAINING 23-0137 203-3139 BASIC EDUCATION 23-0140 G 86 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT 101 'Roten to the planned project summary out Cunol of olton methrity FY of finel obligation colum-Al projects in this column with an initial obligation date befon December 31, 1903 wre bund on the tharlad dote. For all provints with Initial obligation don December 31, 190 the FY el final obligation to bend on planned date 562 $U****Y) ACTIVE AND PROPO$80 PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP 011448) . #hill hola 1 01!! ITIMATED PYSY- 01" DITUR SNOTAY - PROPOSED FY&I. OLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES $ 7 14.00) > 15.000 11,907 11.000 13.700 19 006 1),0)) 3 29.000 11,900 13,000 9,100 16. 300 26 1.50 1.650 #!.792 15.00) 5 14.069 $13.202 50.002 30,135 ... 29.139 10.230 OS $.450 5.00) CC? 13.000 6 6.000 CCC 16.) 411..10 16). 109 4 .1.300 110.382 35.600 16.000 71.000 16.222 80.000 16.000 - .. 480 3.200 5 Od 46, 61.000 99.00 75.000 40.670 C ..000 11.535 1.901 ** VA AALI 1:10 itiert 1.1? 5 19.90 15.00) 3.00 Alitut:ONAL DEV CALDOVILOINT ...TILI.* SYPY aconson --- 20.000 50.000 10.000 102 AM OR 563 DOG SUNNAR ACTIVE (IN THOUSANDS OOoopover, DOLLARS L PY OF INITIAL OLIO FY OP PINAL OLIS LOP PLANNES AUTHO -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL Y 36- OSLIS- EXEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMAT! Pv3 OSLIG- ATIONS OITUSES -PROPOSE PY99- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 36 65.000 65.00 ככ65,0 10.0.0 40.503 36 TALAHA CONS:NED CYCLO 263-0201. 5 36 PRIVATE SNTERPRISE CREDIT (CIP) 21 350.000 60.000 כנט,235 140.000 30. 130.000 84.000 90 AGRICULTJRAL PRODUCTION CREDIT 123,00 123, 35,000 45.00 30.525 40.000 49.900 SS 90 61,378 72942 3.000 15.000 25 9,000 5.705 9.000 15.136 ACCOUNT TOTAL 13.033.776 3.171,508 6,225,785 4,053,774 1.063.434 932,761 315.000 999.546 $15.050 1.173, 436 TOTAL 13.333.796 8.171,503 6,226,786 4,053,774 1.068, 434 982, 751 315.000 98,545 315.000 1.175.436 PRRANO EGYPT PROJECT NUTER AND TITL! 263-0196 263-0202 263-0203 HILD SURVIVAL GRANTS 5,204,558 3.376,993 1,063, 434 974,322 815.00 982,339 315.000 1.164.526 LOANS 9.316.191 7.145.295 1.317,615 1.025, 213 1,022,223 976881 8,439 13,157 5.910 COUNTRY TOTAL GRANTS 5,206,553 3.076,993 1.0.3, 434 976,322 315.000 30.339 315.000 1.164.526 9.016.181 7,145.295 1,017,615 1.026.213 LOANS 1.022.228 976, 881 8,439 18,157 5910 on the domainen tot 103 Colony FY for den som - All projects in this come with an initial obligation date Latore December 31, 1000 Peddah Inilation to our December 31, 1000 th FY of final obligation le bed on pred done d on the charland dete 1 MORAR EGYPT Tide Public Sector Commodity Iaport Program PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health Funding Source ESF FY 1988 $100.000 Initial Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION (la chod of dollar Life of Project Funding $100,000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project E NEW Population ED. & HR Sel. Act CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1988 FY 1991 Purpose: To finance U.S. Imports such as machinery, equipment, spare parts, Industrial raw materials, semi-finished goods, and consumables needed to increase domestic production and maintain essential public services. Transactions under the Trade Financing Facility (TFF) will be eligible for C.I.P. financing, but no specific set-aside for the TFF will be made. The, TFF is designed to encourage Egyptian purchasers to use U.S. suppliers in international tenders. When U.S. suppliers are the lowest bidders TFF will provide financing to compete with mixed credit financing packages offered by non-u.s. suppliers. Project Description: The Commodity Import Program (CIP) provides balance of payments support and contributes to Egyptian stability and productivity by financing much needed commodity imports from the United States. Egypt is unable to import with its own foreign exchange earnings all of the goods 1t needs to revitalize its economy and address Egyptian poverty. Foreign exchange earnings from petroleum exports have declined sharply and the growth of worker remittances, Suez Canal revenues, and tourism has slowed. The current account deficit for 1985/1986 approximates $3.3 billion. Relationship to A.I.D. Country Strategy: By continuing the use of the Commodity Import Program, the United States demonstrates 1ts active support of moderate Egyptian leadership while helping to ensure domestic stability and development, and making available basic goods to the Egyptian economy. Host Country and Other Donors: Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands, Japan, France, and West Germany have previously provided similar assistance for commodity imports. As of 1986, however, the United States is the only country known to be funding a Commodity Import Program. The C.I.P. supplements discrete A.I.D. projects. It finances imports essential to the industrial and agricultural sectors and to the development of Infrastructure and social services. In addition, significant funds have been used to finance capital equipment and replacement elements for a broad grouping of public sector organizations. PY 1975-1985 Commodity Import Program allocations centered on: Industry $1,338 million Infrastructure 912 Basic Human Needs Agriculture 534 Private Business 137 Other 73 33,324 Beneficiaries: The commodities imported under this program affect the lives of a significant portion of Egyptian consumers and users of public services. Major Outputs: 330 All Years Improved GOE capacity for economic reform X A.I.D. Financed Inputs LDP (S000) The current program is financing machinery, equipment, spare parts, raw materials, semi-finished goods and consumables. U.S. dollar foreign exchange $100,000 US FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Uniiguld Future You Obligations 0 100,000 Ertmated Total Cont 100.000 104 Number 263-610 GRANT LOAN Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Proposed Fiscal Yee 1988 AD 370-7 (11-05) TOT STD CO A POR IS T00.00 LaaLLUD Funding Source ESF PLANNED PROGRAM SUNARY SHEET AG, RDXN NEW Population EO. & KR FY 1988 $115,000 Initial Obligation Sel. Act PROPOSED OBLIGATION the theo Ulte of Project Funding $115,000 Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1988 FY 1988 O CONTINLANG FY 1988 Purpose: To provide immediately available foreign exchange resources to support Egyptian efforts to stabilize their economy and promote economic growth. Beneficiaries: The Egyptian people will benefit from the imports made possible as a result of this assistance as well as from the long-term economic growth made possible by the GOE's current economic reform program. Project Description: The FY 1988 cash transfer program will have both political and economic objectives. The immediate political objective will demonstrate the continuity of U.SI support for the Egyptian Government and its efforts for a comprehensive and durable peace settlement in the Middle East. Over the longer tera, our policy is to support a satisfactory evolution of political and economic relations among all countries in the region. The active participation of Egypt, the largest Arab country, is essential for these purposes. The continuing ability and willingness of Egypt to proceed toward this ultimate goal will depend on its economic strength, and Its ability to (a) sustaia domestic political stability; (b) avoid short-term deterioration in the standard of living of the population; and (c) obtalo sufficient foreign resources to foster economic and social development aided by a vigorous economic reform effort. Host Country and Other Donors: Arab financing, which constituted a large portion of Egyptian concessional assistance until the signing of the Camp David Accords, largely ended in 1977 and has not been renewed. Egypt, however, is receiving economic assistance from a number of other bilateral donors and the World Bank, totalling approxizately $1.0 billion per year. Ma Jor Outputs: All years Izproved GOE capacity for economic reform X A.1.D. Financed Inputs LOP (3000) U.S. dollar foreign exchange $115,000 Egypt has insufficient foreign exchange earnings to finance all of the goods and services needed to revitalize its economy and to help improve the daily life of its poor. By providing quick disbursing foreign exchange resources, the Egyptian Government, as it pursues its economic reform program, will be able to cushion the adjustment burden on Egypt's populace. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: In providing this cash 288istance to ease Egypt's ad justsent burden, the United States demonstrates its continued support of moderate Egyptian leadership and helps assure domestic stability and development through an economic reform program. U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Future Your Obligations 135,000 Estimated Total Cort 115,000 Yoer Emnet Thayer PROGRAM: EGYPT Title Cash Transfer Number 263-610 BY GRANT LOAN Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 AJD 3707 (11-85) 105 566 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RON Mealth ESF FY 1988 $80.000 Initidi Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION in the end of door Life of Project Funding $360.000 Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project ED. & HR Sol. Act FY 1988 FY 1993 FY 1995 Purpose: To improve water and wastewater systems in the Canal cities and ensure that the systems are properly operated and Baintained. The current canal cities water and severage project finances the most urgently needed improvements to water treatment plants, water distribution systems and wastewater collection systems in the cities of Ismailia, Port Said and Suez. The original project design provided for various improvements to the existing wastewater treatment plants in each city. When the project was amended in August 1983, a decision was made to concentrate solely on wastewater collection. Wastewater treatment improvements were postponed for consideration as a Phase II Activity. Thus, when Phase I activities are completed, the wastewater will be transported to a single location in each city were present malfunctioning treataent plants do not have the capacity to handle substantially increased flow. Beneficiaries: Urban population growth in Port Said, Isaailia and Suez has accelerated rapidly since 1974 due to the Suez Canal reopening. The population of these three cities is projected to grow to 2.3 million by the year 2000. All of these residents and numerous commercial, tourist and industrial establishments will directly benefit from operational water and wastewater systems. Major Outputs All Years 1 4 Expansion of Port Said Water Supply Improved managerial operational and maintenance capabilities of the Suez Canal Authority and the Wastewater Departments of Canal Cities Wastewater Treatment Plants 4-5 Project Description: The Phase II Project proposes to construct wastewater treatment plants in the three cities. Ia addition, the proposed project will respond to urgent raw water supply needs of Port Said by construction of pipelines and supporting pumping facilities fron Quantara to Port Said. This new project will also strengthen the institutional capacity of the three governorates and the Suez Canal Authority in operating and maintaining water and wastewater systems. The estimated project costs are $360 million and LE 393 million. A.I.D. financed inputs U.S. Technical Services Construction (including equipment) Training and Institutional Developaent Contingencies (Environmental Studies) TOTAL LOP (000) 348,000 264,000 8,000 Relationship to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project directly supports A.I.D.'s sector goal of improving the delivery of water and wastewater services to Egypt's ur ban populations. 40,000 $360,000 ADOR EGYPT Tide Canal Cities Water and Severage Phase II Funding Source 263-0174 DI NEW Population 1 GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING Principal Contructor or Agencie Host Country and Other Donors: The Governsent of Egypt's contribution to the proposed project will be an equivalent of $473 million la local currency. U. FINANCING (I thousands of dollar Oblications Expand To September, Gumated fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Futuro Yoor Oblation Propood lcd Y 1986 80,000 280,000 Unliquide Enimated Tour Cont 360.000 AD 3707 (11-08) 106 567 F151 107 568 COUNTRY: (882) FIJI FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA .BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 712 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) SUGAR 1,010 . COPRA ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-94) 3.1% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 9.0% 20 (1984) 10% (1984) 25 (1985) 12% (1985) 6% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MFR. GOODS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LON 20% OF POPULATION.. (1977) . MACHINERY 3.7% .FOODSTUFFS LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 66.5 (1970) TOTAL 59.4 IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) MALE 64.9 MALE 58.3 FEMALE 68.2 FEMALE 60.5 19 ( 1984) 5% (1984) 18 (1985) 5% (1985) 5% ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 79% MALE TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 84% FEMALE 74% - 204(84) - 162(85) -174 TRADING PARTNERS: AUSTRALIA , UNITED KINGDOM , NEW ZEALAND EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 24.5% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.$.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GOP (1984) (1984) (1983) $2 7.7% 20% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / so km OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 227 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.9% (1978) 1.9% (1986) 2.1% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) ARABLE LAND 35% YEAR ( 1986) TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. : .(1970) ( 1986) 3 MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE : CASH: ..... MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( .) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1970) 38.0% 2.8% (1976) POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 37.8% (15-64YRS) 59.4% (65 YRS) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1980) 2,232 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES 22 MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1981) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE. INTESTINAL INFEC. GONOCOCCAL INFEC DEATH.. (1970) I SCHAEMIC HEART OTHER HEART DIS.. HYPERTENSIVE DIS TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S NILLIONS. U.S.) .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING ($ MILLIONS, DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) .) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES AS X OF ONP Otrici AL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINOS END OF PERIOD. SILLIONS...... (IpoO) LOUIVALENT TO ONTHS OF . 100X 77 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY (1980) X TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP PRIMARY. ( 190 ) TOTAL MALE FEMALE SECONDARY TOTAL MALE 37.7 FEMALE POST SECONDARY TOTAL MALE FEMALE ENEROY PRODUCTION OF CONSUMPTION PORT ..0 Sukad FOARI 569 1 FY 1988 (Request) FIJI PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) 400 Category 400 Development Assistance Loan Grant 1,500 1,400 957 1,500 1,400 957 40 1,500 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 1,400 1,397 P.L 480 Title ! Title 11 1,500 1,400 1/ 1,397 TOTALS 1/ FY 1987 total includes $75 thousand in ESF local costs support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National *See South Pacific Regional Program (879) Foreign National which administers the Fiji bilateral program* TOTALS Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. FY (Request) T PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total T Total Total А А Category Ab *** ...-- U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS ol-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryoveri stili in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe Participants funded under regional programs lenge, blandemic: degree seeking. CLASP, AMDP). NO 3702 -80) 109 prior TY. 570 FIJI Introduction BSCL Fiji consists of a group of over 300 islands in the South Pacific, with a population of approximately 714,000 residing primarily Its two main islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Piji gained independence from Great Britain in 1970, and has a capitalist economy and democratic institutions. Agriculture (primarily sugar production), forestry and fishing contribute 25% of Fiji's gross national product; tourism adds an additional 13%, followed by the manufacturing sector ranging from 10% to 12%. These will continue to be Fiji's major economic growth sectors. Per capita income is approximately $1,800, but this figure is skewed by the presence of a rather large, well-paid, urban-based, expatriate population, and does not accurately reflect actual rural population incomes. Over 60% of the population is rural, with about 45% of the labor force engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing. Subsistence agriculture in 1985 accounted for 35% of all agricultural production. eks 25 Since the beginning of the 1980's, the Fiji economy has gradually experienced low, unstable economic growth, a growing debt servicing burden and increasing pressure on its balance of payments. Many of these problems have been caused by external factors such as world recession, slumps in commodity prices (primarily for sugar) and high international interest rates. Fiji's economic problems have been compounded by natural disasters (cyclones and related flooding) which in recent years have become more frequent, causing millions of dollars of damage and losses on the two main islands. Fiji continues to depend on agricultural production to promote economic growth and to provide employment for many of its people. However, low productivity in agriculture and poor health standards restrain efforts to improve rural living conditions. Diversification of the economic base, primarily away from a heavy reliance on sugar, is a continuing challenge. Fiji lacks the organizational infrastructure, expertise (especially mid-level and upper-level managers in development administration) and technology to implement solutions to its problems. Fiji's well-designed ninth "Development Plan“ (1986 - 1990) emphasizes equitable distribution of growth in both the economic and social sectors, and heavy reliance on participation of the private sector. Ma for development projects include port expansion development, rural electrification, road upgrading, privatization of shipbuilding operations, restructuring and development of the International airport and weather surveillance facilities, upgrading of the F1j1 School of Medicine, and increasing agriculture production in the country's major production area, the Siga toka Valley. Donor assistance to F1 ji 16 best directed at programs supporting and supplementing the Ninth Development Plan. 110 571 PIJI 0.$. Interests in Fiji Include: (1) limiting Soviet Influence in the South Pacific; (2) maintaining access to the region's ports for U.S. warships and aircraft; (3) preserving access to the region's fisheries resources; and (4) ensuring continued support for V.S. positions in regional and international fora. Fiji consistently has been the strongest and most influential island state advocate of both u.s. regional and global interests. On issues ranging from the rescue operations in Grenada to international terrorism, Plji has spoken out publicly in support of U.S. positions and urged its island neighbors to do likewise. Piji welcomes U.S. war ships to its ports and has questioned the wisdom of New Zealand's anti-nuclear policies in regional fora. Fiji provides combat battalions to UNIPIL (Lebanon) and the MFO (Sinai) in support of U.S. Mid-East peace initiatives. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The U.S. Government's primary foreign policy objective is to support Fiji's role as a moderate and influential pro-U.S. force in the South Pacific. A.I.D.'s strategy is designed to assist achievement of this foreign policy objective. A.I.D. project assistance to the South Pacific (including Fiji) focuses assistance primarily on the agriculture and health sectors, with secondary emphases on development administration and private enterprise development. In FY 1986, a Commodity Import Program Grant (CIP) Agreement (882-0001) was signed with the Fijian Government to provide inputs of commodities and commodity-related services to meet Fiji's long-term development needs. This CIP grant agreement provided $1,357,000 for commodities Including teaching equipment for the Fiji School of Medicine, back-up generator equipment for emergency potable water systems support during natural disasters, and computer equipment for upgrading the electronic data processing capability of the Government of Fiji. FY 1988 Program For FY 1988, Economic Support Funds are requested in support of Fiji's Ninth Development Plan. A.I.D. assistance will be, as with the regional program, principally in support of the agricultural and health sectors. William Paupe REGIONAL DIRECTOR: 111 572 SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) UPEAU FOR 43:ANNAR 457 FIJI PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L Y OF YO 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 CL OLIO LO PLANNED AUTH2 -THROUGH Y35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY96- OSLij- ¿XPAN- ATIONS DITURSS - ESTIMAT! FY 97- 09LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TEALTH 86 97 $:2-001 COMMITY PORT DROCR44 459 40G --- --- 400 ... --- 403 --- --- ki TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 400 400 --- --- 40C --- --- 400 --- --- 40C 450 LCANS CONORIC SUPPORT UND 2 37 37 75 --- --- --- 75 75 --- --- 2 9,957 1.357 --- 957 --- 1.325 1.000 1.500 1.000 TOTAL COR ACCOUNT --- --- 957 1.400 1.375 1.500 1.000 957 1.400 1.075 1,500 1.000 LOANS --- 20. --- CONTRI TOTAL --- --- 1.357 --- 1,400 1,475 1. S05 1.000 1,357 1.400 1,475 1,500 1.000 --- --- --- --- --- GRANTS 400 400 98?-olis OCAL COSTS SUPORT BO!-0001 3 OENOTY IMPORT PRO28X 12,332 1,357 GRANTS 10.0!2 1,357 TOTAL 13,432 1.757 GRANTS 10.432 1.757 LO45 112 meter the prefer Cloone of function Aloe conform Crecer, whore Foto 31, Folindom.plones de 573 India 113 574 FY 68 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (306) INDIA BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) 783,940 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) GEMS & JEWELRY , GARMENTS . ENGINEERING GOS PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 260 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 1.6% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 7.8% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983)2, 122 (1984)2,488 (1985)2, 253 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1981) 13% (1982) 18% (1983) 25% MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984)PETROLEUM NON-ELEC MACHIN, FERTILIZERS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)2,011 (1984)1,727 (1985) 1,806 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1981) 13% (1982) 15% (1983) 17% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -5.658(84) -5,713( 85 ) -4,360 7.0% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 55.9 (1970) TOTAL 47.8 MALE 55.3 MALE 40.4 FEMALE 56.7 FEMALE 47.0 1 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1981) TOTAL MALE 55% FEMALE 26% TRADING PARTNERS: USSR , UNITED STATES , JAPAN • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 11.7% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) 1.0% (1984) 1.461 (1983) 10.3% AOR I CULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) 35% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / So KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 407 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.2% (1978) 2.3% (1983) 2.0% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 20% (1986) 26% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR 'TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 6 (1986) SUBSISTENCE : RICE WHEAT ,PUL SES 52% (1985) CASH: SUGARCANE ,PEANUTS , COTTON 11% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1984) 26.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) TEA ,COFFEE .CASHEW KERNELS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 37.6% ( 15-64YRS) 59. 1% (65. YRS) 3.3% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) VEGETABLE OILS SUGAR ,PULSES INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 99 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1981) 71% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN ( 1991) 2,611 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) SYPHILISASEQUELA,DENGUE .TETANUS-TETANOS (1982) 20.024 (83) 31,755 (64) 35, 253 DEATH.. ( ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 29,582 (83) 36,285 (84) 37.015 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1983) 96% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -1.958 (83) -4,530 (14) -1,762 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY ( 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1981) 15. 1% (82) 14.9% (83) 14.6% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GAIP. (1981) 2.9% (82) 3.1% (83) 3.0% PRIMARY. (1983) TOTAL 85.0 NALE 100 FEMALE 68.0 SECONDARY (1983) TOTAL 34.0 MALE FEMALE OFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY ( 1983) TOTAL 9.0 MALE FEMALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 5.152 (04) 6.026 (AS) 6.623 EQUIVALENT TO 3.1 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1983) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 114 却​。 DEJO 575 INDIA FY 1987 FY 1988 Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) 86,576 53,000 45,000 23,500 41,576 29,500 Development Assistance Loan Grant (Request) 50,000 22,000 28,000 Economic Support Fund Loen Grant Other "International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 35 86,611 53,000 50,000 91,098 74,765 83,956 P.L 480 Tide 1 Title 11 91,098 74,765 83,956 TOTALS 177,709 1/ 127,765 133,956 DAN 100 11 F 1986 total includes $13.100 million of FY 1986 deobligated funds reobligated in FY 1986. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE & FY 1986 FY1987 Category FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 25.1 26 26 47.2 50 Foreign National 50 TOTALS 72.3 76 76 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, escon property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Oo Category PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual (Estimated) TC Total А. T Total FY 1988 (Request) T A5 A Total 24 184 208 56 384 440 41 414 455 - U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale 25 25 2 50 52 4 67 71 | | - ocean TOTALS 24 209 233 ola-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers stiú in training from the prior FY. 58 434 492 45 481 526 Technical: non-degree seeking d Participants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASP AMDP). bAcademic: degree soeking. AID 3702 080) 69-533 0 - 87 19 115 576 INDIA D Introduction 再​| India represents a dichotomy in Asian development, ranking nineteenth in world industrial production and twelfth in total GNP, yet it is characterized by a large and growing rural population that is extremely poor, and dependent primarily on agriculture for employment and income. Due to policy decisions taken and reinforced since the 1960's, India has achieved nominal food self-sufficiency. Despite the remarkable achievements of the Green Revolution, agriculture is growing at a long-tena rate of 2.5$ per year, only marginally ahead of a 2.258 annual population growth rate. Population growth and inadequate incones have combined to produce a basically stable percentage of the population below the poverty 11ne estimated between 40-500 or 350 million people. India seeks a balanced approach to developnent by emphasizing growth through investments in Industry and agriculture and through massive poverty alleviation programs in the rural areas. in agriculture, this includes a recognition that previous investments in the sector have been too focused on specific regions and crops to the neglect of rainfod and dryland areas which still support the majority of India's poor population. Indian intentions include plans to shift resources toward these neglected areas and crops. Blessed with an industrial base which few developing countries enjoy. India's industry in recent years has been growing at a steady 50 to 68 rate. However, there is increasing recognition that much of industry is not reaching its potential due in large measure to India's continued reliance on an overstaffed, overprotected, and therefore highly inefficient public enterprise sector. India has taken some steps recently to address these major problems including liberalizing the importation of investment goods, reducing production licensing requirements in the private sector, and a greater emphasis on market forces in determining econonic decisions. India's progress in developing its institutional and manpower base (It has the fifth largest pool of scientific and technological manpower in the world) has strengthened its capacity to confront development problens at both the policy and implementation levels. These resources will increasingly be brought to bear on growth and poverty issues during the Seventh Five Year Plan period (1985-1990). RA India accounts for fully one-third of the free world's poor. 0.8. nondevelopmental, bilateral interests in India sten from its importance us an emerging major economic power and as a political factor for stability in South Asia. We see trade, Investment and technology transfer as the main vehicle for strengthening bilateral relations. The United States is India's major non-OPBC trading partner and second largest private investor. Therefore, there 18 substantial, Increasing 0.s. interest in a growing and modernizing Indian economy. 116 577 INDIA 1.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The United States supports India's long-standing development priorities through activities directed towards improving agricultural productivity and rural incomes; and those which emphasize human resource development such as child survival, family planning and nutrition. The program is tied together by a cross-sectoral emphasis on research and technology development and the broadening engagenent of the private sector and other nongovernmental institutions in the solution of development problema. The evolution of the A.1.D. program in India in the 1980's is closely related to the relative sophistication of the technology and institutional base described earlier. Building upon a relatively small development contribution in macroeconomic terms, A.1.D. has attempted to focus its efforts on establishing linkages, or networks, among those institutions such as the government, university community and the private enterprise sector whose combined efforts are needed to accelerate economic growth and solve the poverty problem. These efforts are conducted within the context of sectoral programs in Agriculture Resource Management, Health and Population, and Research and Technology Development. Agricultural Resource Managenent: The A.I.D. program in India contributes to the improvement of the rural economy through increases in agricultural productivity and incomes. The approach focuses on improving the quality of agricultural resource management including water, land and agricultural technology. A.I.D.'s portfolio includes several projects in pursuit of these objectives. Two recent irrigation projects, Hill Areas Land and Water Management (386-0489) and Irrigation Management and Training (386-0484) focus on institutional systems strengthening and participation issues. The Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh Ninor Irrigation projects (386-0490 and 386-0483 respectively), following evaluations, are being reoriented to maximize the potential to improve water management and bring about improvements in the operation of the irrigation system. The establishment of water and land management institutes has occurred in ten states. This reflects an increased commitment of the states for training and the need to better manage irrigation systems. In forestry, 1.1.D. supports field social forestry programs in six major states, four of them via the new National Social Forestsy Support project (386-0495) jointly funded with the World Bank. The recent creation of a new Ministry of Environment, Porests, and wildlife, the National Wastelands Development Board, and the Indian Council of Forestry Research have resulted in part from-and certainly will enhance the impact of 1.1.D.'s dialogue at both the national and state levels. The first direct outcome of this will be a 15-year program for building Indian forestry research, education, and training capacities which will flow from the new Forestry Research, Education, and Training project (386-0488). 1.1.D. has had a direct influence on the development of the forestry curriculum of the State agricultural universities by providing the foundation for a new system of education in this area. 117 578 INDIA The Agricultural Research project (386-0470) 1s the primary means for strengthening the capabilities of India's agricultural research systa. It envisages 14 scientific subprojects important to the creation of a self-sustaining agricultural base in India. Active subprojects include forestry research, on-fars water management, and germplant preservation. A.1.D. has been able to facilitate the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's working with other Indian Institutions in agriculture-related research, thus broadening its horizon beyond a traditional Ministry of Agriculture approach to agricultural research. Health and Population: 1.1.D.'s main objectives in this sector are the reduction of child morbidity and mortality. Blenents of the program include immunizations, treatnent of dehydration due to diarrhea, fanily planning, and a focused package of nutrition interventions. Two projects, the recently completed Integrated Rural Health and Population (IRBP) project (386-0468) and the Private Voluntary Organizations for Health project (386-0469), have helped improve the quallty of health services--basic preventive health, family planning, and nutrition--in selected areas of India. Under the IRHP project over 2300 health centers have been constructed which provide expanded health services to some 15 million people. Experience and evaluations, especially with the IREP project, have led A.I.D. to modify its strategy to focus on specific interventions to reduce child morbidity and mortality. These interventions include immunizations, oral rehydration therapy, family spacing, and nutrition. This strategy builds upon a third project, Integrated Child Development Services (386-0476), which is part of a nationwide program to provide village level health care to pregnant women and lactating mothers and children under five. Providing nutritional supplements in part through PL 480 Title II food, the project supports efforts to increase knowledge and use of oral rehydration therapy, immunizations, and other preventive health services. An important benefit of this project is the demonstration of the importance of engaging other ministries and agencies in health and service delivery. The Biomedical Research Support project (386-0492), Just getting underway, will strengthen public health systems of the central and state govermente, while strengthening epidemiological skills of health departments and clinical epidemiology in medical education curricula. This is a unique U.S. contribution to Indian health technology. These services are intended to monitor more closely the morbidity and mortality problems of the Indian population with specific reference to child survival. As vaccines cone to play an increasing part in the health of Indian children, the quality control of these vaccines will be carefully monitored by a new Quality Control Laboratory to be established with the help of the 0.8. Food and Drug Adainistration. delegie 118 579 INDIA Another example of the important role of technology transfer in A.I.D's progran in India is the Vaccine and Immunodiagnostic Development project (386-0503). It will facilitate the development and provision of newer vaccines and diagnostics related to child illness and death. In this project 4.1.D. is bringing together the 0.$. National Institutes of Health with India's Department of Science and Technology and the new Department of Biotechnology. This project plus the Biomedical Research support project (386-0492) comprise A.1.D.'s principal contribution to the Indo-0.5. Vaccine Action Program (VAP) launched when President Reagan and Prime Minister Gandhi met in 1984. Purther efforts in research and technology development in this field are under consideration. A.I.D. has begun a major child survival initiative with the child survival Health Support project (386-0504). This involves 1.1.D. participation in oral rehydration therapy and immunization programs at the national and state levels and also incorporates further association with innovative birth-spacing and nutrition programs. UNICEF is an important partner in this program. At state levels the support for training and communications for these interventions will improve the quality of services, while focusing the primary health care system on these important interventions. The child survival initiative will also support demonstrations of innovative service delivery, operations research, management information aystens, and studies of the social factors which affect the acceptance of these health interventions. The Pamily Planning Communications and Marketing project (386-0485) is A.1.D'8 major support for Government of India efforts to reduce fertility and promote birth spacing. The project stresses application of private sector resources to the improvement and expansion of several elements of India's public sector fertility reduction programe. The project seeks to expand the uae of reversible methods of contraception through marketing organizations in the private sector. This project has experienced delays while the Indian Government reviews its role, and that of foreign donors, in family planning programs. This review is nearing completion. A.1.D. expects to decide on how to proceed with project implementation by late Spring. Research, Technology Development, and privatization: A.1.D. policy in India 18 to contribute to national development goals in scientific research, technology development, and commercialization in such priority areas as agriculture, rural development, population, health and human resources, and increasingly in important areas of industrial engineering. These threads have become the binding force linking together the several elements of the A.I.D program and now serve as a major framework for dialogue with, and participation in, India's development. The recent liberalization measures and India's increasing use of international financial markets relate positively to A.1.D.'s priorities in India. The program for the Advancement of Commercial Technology 119 580 3 INDIA (396-0496), A.1.D.'s substantial recent and expanding involvenent through the Housing Guarantee program, new private sector energy initiatives, support for the production of vaccines by the privately owned Serum Institute--all these suggest an increased willingness by the Indian Government to contemplate alternative ways of doing development business. IMOC In response, A.1.D. is exploring new ways to link public and private scientists, engineers, and consumers of technology together which could lead to a wide range of applications. The effort 18 to find ways to develop a network among scientists, technologists, and the commercial market place. With India's policy interest in 11beralization, coupled with the greater impact of competition and accelerating science and technology development, momentum is building for important changes in this critical facet of the Indian economy. Several of 1.1.D.'s activities already incorporate efforts to stimulate participation by private sector eleme In the irrigated agriculture subsector of the Agricultural Resources Management program, A.1.D. 18 increasingly stressing the stimulation of private initiative in small surface and groundwater systems. An important objective is to revise Indian policy concerning private domestic production of pharmaceuticals, with respect to health and population. The Vaccine Action Program is designed to develop and adapt vaccines for Indian conditions. Private sector production and quality control of biologicals through the Serum Institute of India is an important A.I.D. initative. This supports A.I.D.'s child survival program, at the same tine serving as a good example of harnessing private sector entrepreneurial energy to nationwide initiatives. Ek The PY 1987 Energy Resources and Enterprise project (386-0494) will utilize and upgrade the research and development potential of alternative energy development in the private sector. This project stems from the on-going Alternative Energy Resources Development project (386-0474) which is working in four energy-related areas and is now moving from a research and demonstration phase to that of application and commercialization. 5. The Program for the Advancement of Commercial Technology (386-0496) is 1.1.D.'s flagship effort in stimulating the private sector research and development approach. The objective of the project is to develop an environment favorable to private sector research and development in India. The project is promoting joint Indo-American activities development by providing Indian enterprises access to venture loan capital. Housing Guarantee: The Housing Guarantee program totals $95-million over 5 years. Although the construction of over 12,000 low income housing units 18 involved, the program is in reality much more than an effort to provide low cost housing. It is a mechanism by which markets for housing finance are developed by a private sector firm, the Housing Development Pinance Corporation. Purther efforts are underway to examine the prospects for other entities to develop the private housing finance sector. 120 581 INDIA PY 1988 Program The A.1.D. program will continue its emphasis on agriculture and forestry and health and child survival. The private sector and science and technology interactions will continue to be thened which cross-cut all of A.1.D.'s major sectors. Pour new projects are envisaged. Agricultural Resource Management: Additional funding for the long-tern Irrigation and Management Training project (386-0484) will continue to strengthen water managenent institutes at the state level. This important project reflects an increased commitment of the states to irrigation training and the need to better manage irrigation systems. The National Social Porestry project (386-0495) will require incremental funding. It is the culmination of earlier state social forestry projects, reinforces central government policy guidance, and partially funds additional state level social forestry programs where goals are to raise incomes and employment anong the rural poor. The Forestry Education Research and Training project (386-0488) will also receive incremental funding in support of public and private research facilities as India directs its forestry efforts toward social forestry, watershed rehabilitation, biomass energy plantations, and managed industrial voodlots. The project has ą large training and education component. Based on experience under the terminating Agricultural Research project, a nev Agricultural Research and Education project (386-0505) will contribute to the strengthening of science education, technology research and research management. The project will focus on scientific and technology areas identified by the Indo-0.s. Subcommission on Agriculture as high priority for 0.8. collaborative assistance. The new Agricultural Technology Development and Enterprise project (386-0510) will further the trend towards integrating technology development and entrepreneurial behavior in agriculture. This project will support development of linkages between agricultural technology and the nanufacture and commercial sectors, thereby increasing the productivity of India's large investment in agricultural research. Health and Population: The existing Child Survival Support project (386-0504) will receive incremental funding to assist, in coordination with UNICEF, a major expansion of immunization and oral rehydration therapy in five states as well as assisting at the national level. Building on this project and the successful Integrated Child Development Services project (386-0476), a companion Child Development Support proj (386-0508) will begin. It will expand improvements in growth monitoring, training of workers, and social marketing for nutrition and health education. PL 480 Title II will be an important integrated resource in this project which will operate principally through CARE. 121 582 INDIA --- The Vaccine and Immunodiagnostic Development project (386-0503) and the Biomedical Research Support project (386-0492) will receive incremental funding to further the consolidation of Indo-0.5. scientific linkages creating immunological and vaccine development networks. Research, Technology Development, and Privatization: The Program for the Advancement of Commercial Technology (386-0496) will receive final funding to support the development of commercial research and technology linkages, Technology commercialization, systems application, and research will be at the core of the on-going Energy Research and Enterprise project (386-0494) which will receive incremental funding in furtherance of the premise that enhanced technology development capability in the private sector will lead to higher productivity and employment. The new State Technology Development and Enterprise project (386-0507) will support the strengthening of institutions and individuals required to achieve a technology-driven, ompetitive economy. Technology development, utilization of capital instruments, and entrepreneurship will underpin A.I.D.'s effort to enhance competitiveness in the private sector. Housing Guarantee: The Housing Guarantee program will receive another tranche of $25 million. This will cover requirements for approximately 3,500 more housing units. PL 480 Title II : The remaining vegetable oil of the total commitment (160,000 tons) to the Oilseed Growers Cooperative project with the Cooperative League of the U.S.A. will be shipped to India by the end of PY 1988. Title II support will continue in the CARE-assisted Maternal Child Health program, Dollar funding through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) project (386-0476) will also continue. In an effort to further upgrade CARE's technical capability A.I.D. has granted CARE $718,000 over a two-year period for staff development and training. As an additional effort to assist the ICDS program improvement, A.1.D. granted the World Pood Programme $300,000 over three years. These grants facilitate the Integration of development assistance and food programming with the important effort to improve cooperation with voluntary and international organizations in child survival. Catholic Relief Services' enhanced Maternal Child Health program will also be supported with Title II commodities. és Fict. ad 7970: ISSION DIRECTOR: Owen Cylke 122 583 SUMMARY OP (IN ACTIVE ANO PROPOSE PROJECTS THOUSANDS OP DOLLAR 5) &UREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR 24ST 386 INDIA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G OSLIG OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTH -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- 09LI:- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMAT! FY37- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSE FY88- OBLI; EXPEN- ATIONS DITUR SS AGRICULTURE RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION --- --- --- DO 79 L 49,507 7.025 7 53.000 53.000 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION סככ,58 301 --- 277 472 30 1.050 33 1.050 1.050 --- --- --- DOO 7,500 --- 6 35 3.000 6,500 16.000 3.000 3,259 56 33 37 3 20.000 20.000 10 --- --- 196 L 7 81 100.796 101.000 101.000 101.000 --- 531 500 --- --- 305 30 1.500 1,500 1.500 --- --- --- --- 200 63 67 83 200 200 --- --- 442 9,919 17.900 7.540 83 17.900 17.900 --- ... --- ... 1.045 --- 351 350 404 5.800 35 5.800 5.800 --- 537 --- 1.000 2.693 721 --- 1.000 35 7.000 7.000 800 533 --- --- 163 199 5.000 82 32 5.000 5.000 --- S317 7.000 --- 5,277 22 32 25.000 6.904 25.000 25.000 --- --- --- 800 --- 305 3.000 32 3.000 506 סככ,3 385-0462 336-9467 6 RAJASTHAN MEDIUM IRRIGATION e '83 27.500 35,000 385-0467 L RAJASTHAN MEDIUM IRRIGATION 35,000 35.000 386-0470 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 385-0471 FERTILIZER PROMOTION 3850474 3 32 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 385-0475 ; 31 MADHYA PRADES SOCIAL FORESTRY 335-0475 L 31 MADHYA PRADESH SOCIAL FORESTRY 385-0476 83 INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 385-0470 L 83 INTEGRATSD CHILD DEVELOP TENT SERVICES 385-0478 3 SAHARASHTRA SOCIAL FORESTRY 385-0476 L SAHARASHTRA SOCIAL FORESTRY 335-0481 3 32 MAHARASHTRA IRRIGATION TECH AND MGT 123 Refer to the pored project wy het Gunel of attor och ty FY final con colum-Al projects in this con with an initial obligation date boton December 31, 1988 we tend on the authorized dere. Per al project with miniti obligation de ser December 31, 1998 the FY of fuel obligation to be doneplerned for 584 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BJPEAU FOR ASOA SANLAR 245 CP 83 LFT JY OF LOY 1 INITIAL FINAL PLANN! OILIS OLI: AUTA -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- 03LI - EXPIN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- Jelis- EXPON- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLI5- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS 32 46.000 10.534 23,427 66,000 44,320 5,038 --- 5.000 143 203 5.000 5.000 OOO 1.000 L 33 41.30 61.000 61.000 1,439 --- 3, 191 1,369 10.000 91 41.000 41.000 11.000 681 6.500 903 6.520 2916 3.000 3 RIGATION MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING 10.000 --- --- 1.009 --- 1992 --- L IRRIGATION MANAGE TENT IN TRAINING 1.000 32 21 2.150 487 --- 739 --- 572 --- 300 2.150 2.150 90 3.000 --- --- --- --- 2.000 --- 1.009 Soo o 97 OORESTRY RESEARCH, E OJCATION 00 12.000 --- --- --- 6.000 --- 6.000 1.000 L 37 ORESTRY RESEARCMEDUCATION % TRAININ 33 6.000 6.000 6.000 --- ... 73 --- 927 --- TILL A2!A5 LAND AND MATE? DEVELOPMENT 300 $6 88 16,000 --- 50.000 50.000 24,000 957 3.000 4,043 2.000 6000 L TILL ARIAS LAND AND WATER DEVELOPMENT 5 4.000 4.000 4.000 123 872 1.000 --- --- --- ... --- --- --- --- 95 L Rise iso 140N 46.000 60.000 66.000 1.329 12.000 7,680 124 3:) INDIA PROJECT NO. 3:7-0481 L 32 MAHARASHTRA 121!ATION TEM hot 3:5-0.83 3 33 DMTA PRADESMINOR :२०:GATION 3:5-0433 SAO YA PRASS NINO IRPIJATION 365-248 10.000 10.000 10.000 !:5-048 389-0487 : DEVELOPMENT AND ANASEMENT TRAINING 3.-0.93 TRAINING 33-3483 385-0489 335-9439 385 -0.5 AHARASHTRA MINO? IRRIGATION 335-3490 'Rotondo Cato Montc Alcoh Initiation de boter December 9,10 Podeste con D91.000 nedono ondoren 585 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) с. е. BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -PROOSE PYBS- OSL15 EXPEN- ATIONS DITURUS -SSTINAT! FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN 4TIONS DITURES FY86- EXPEN- DITURES INDI 4 386 .ACTUAL OBLIS- ATIONS -TMROUGN FY 95- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNID AUTHO 1.000 1.00 PY OF SY 0 1 INITIAL PINAL OGLIO OBLIG 746 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 1.000 1.300 15.000 2.233 3.500 6 500 5.500 35 12.165 11,500 10,235 21.300 16.400 385-0495 3 NATIONAL SOCIAL FORESTRY SUPPORT 385-0495 L NATIONAL SOCIAL FORESTRY SUPPORT 77,000 77.000 כככ,2 95 ... --- 13.000 B3 92 2.000 --- 385-0505 AGRICULT JRAL RESEARCH AND EDUCATION --- 15.000 88 92 23.500 91.000 60.445 36.003 56,300 73,919 476,200 210.540 22.00 9.009 13.829 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 656,100 611,100 6,350 12.500 11,300 14.500 59,000 3.320 46,511 58909 23.593 --- 31 --- ... 720 12,349 13,300 5.600 80 33 13,300 13.800 --- 39? G INTEGRATED RURAL SALTH AND POPULATION 1 .. --- 13.000 1.000 83 35 13.000 13.000 מככ,1 6 --- 385-0485 FAMILY PLANNING INNJNICATIONS AND MKIG --- --- --- 36.000 1,500 400 34.000 36.000 33 35 L --- FANILY PLANNING COMMUNICATIONS AND MKTG 317 .. --- 900 39 2.900 950 3 35 CONTRACEPTIVE DEV-RC PRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOG 385-0510 3 AG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ! INTERPRISE 75,369 GRANTS 45.000 132,200 99,200 523.900 511.900 417,350 207,320 LOANS POPULATION PLANNING 386-0468 385-0433 385-0500 25 'Note the projeto dont wody FYR on co-All the con with an elion doublon December 31, 1900 ud Perdonation on the Duc 21,10 the FY of final dan bobodonlod con. hortod dete 586 SUMMARY : ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SURAU FOR 454 ANO NEAR EAST Cri !) INDIA CP 88 PROJECT NO. AYO TITL! LOP . LFY OP PY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG PLANNID 4UTMO -THROUGM FYRS OBLI;- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -NiOX? -ACTUAL PY:6 JOLIO- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FT87- OSLI:• !XPEN- ATIONS DITURES - -PROPOSED PY98- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT . O. 1,813 1.500 7.000 12.349 --- 1.239 313 1,500 6.000 --- . - ... ... 1.000 --- 1.000 30 33 19,200 19.200 19,200 6.371 ... 8,601 --- 6,228 --- --- . 35 33 INT:SRAT!" CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICOS 4,200 6,220 6.200 2 --- 39 --- 1,158 --- 1.000 92 16 350 350 350 201 --- 23 --- 121 --- --- :49- دو 95 35 G 9:01:CAL RESEARCH SUPORT ככ3,3 630 3.700 42 4,000 1.258 9,300 1.000 1.500 7 95 98 3.500 3.800 3.800 ... ... ... --- --- --- 3:3490704L ROSEARCH SUPPJRT 1.000 900 100 . 100 --- --- --- --- 39 6.000 --- --- --- --- 3.000 300 1.000 1.200 91 סככ,$9 --- --- 16.500 59.000 GCS CCC91 1.761 6,261 PORNO eܐ CHILD !!V. SUPPORT/ICOS-CARE 23.000 --- --- --- 2.000 OD --- .. 1. --- --- 24 CHILI IV. SUpoget/ICOS ARE ... 20.000 ... --- ... ... 7.500 63.700 61.790 61,790 12,849 GRANTS 27,700 29.700 27.700 36,000 36.000 LOANS 34.000 MALTA . 33%9458 ITEIRIT! RURAL HEALTH AND POPULATION 331-0476 Jos-3487 5 SVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT TRAINING 26.0-$26 !)-005 3 95 CONTRACEPT!! DEVREPRODUCTIVE IN UNCLI: 100 100 !35-0533 3 87 VACCINE AND I UNODTAJNOSTIC *A: 355-050 S. CILI SURVIVA. SALTH SUPPORT 3:5-0502 1:3-30 'Non poia 126 Cold Honey Female - Apron in the who want to douton D31.1 tohoton don Dec 31, 1000 odbo. donde hart.de 587 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 56 BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -PROPOSE Y88- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -ESTINATED FY97- JOLIS EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OSLIG- “XPER ATIONS DITURES -TMROUGH FYS- OSLIG- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES 6.574 3.761 23.365 800 6, 574 GRANTS B. 118,150 92.150 23.330 3.300 3,800 --- 2.239 6.000 LOANS 1 3.500 --- 6.000 --- 2.239 --- 91 11,739 6.000 6.000 --- 3.500 6.000 2.239 --- 6.000 11,739 6.000 3.503 --- 6000 --- 1,500 1.500 --- 1.236 --- 121 3.700 82 91 3.700 3.700 1,500 1.500 1.035 --- 63 --- 121 1.50) 1.330 3.700 1.035 3.700 3.700 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT -- 121 3,700 LOANS --- ... 35 --- 1) --- 1,946 2,000 --- 2.000 73 78 2.000 2.000 .. 1.96 1.119 2.000 1,312 3.500 5.500 5.500 32 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INDIA LPT T OF I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD 13,261 10,761 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 26.365 11.500 8.810 19.700 9.951 28,250 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 141.950 95.950 11.505 19.750 8.31) • 7.500 1.00 24.450 CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 385-0504 3 CHILD SURVIVAL HEALTH SUPPORT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.739 6.000 GRANTS LOANS EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 386-0487 DEVELOPMENT AND "ANAGEMENT TRAINING GRANTS 3.700 3.700 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ASTIVITIES 385-0465 3 TECHNOLOSIES FOR THE RURAL POOR 386-0474 127 Rotor to the planned project my hoor Curel of stort setty FY final lition col-Al project in the con with minil obligation du betere Decor 31, 1900 do the tharlad done. fed propede with london December 31, 1983 the FY linal obligation to be an aplod dote 588 9EAU FORSIA AND NEAR 345T SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPCSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 325 INDIA -THROUGM FY85- OLIO- SADEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 91 satamise כככ.20 ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIO- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYEB- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 11.576 11.100 4.000 2.576 2.000 36 2.000 2.000 1,490 73 2.000 5.320 2.000 --- --- 4,000 ODO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 4,576 1.226 2.000 2.595 8.000 6.000 COUNTRY TOTAL OOO 571,350 233,440 86576 91,234 REJECT NO. AYO TITLE . L SY OF EY 0 INT: AL FINAL 03LIO OLIG LOP PLANNSO و .. و در ERGY RESEARCH ENT:PRIS: 9.CO. FO? ADVANCEMENT OF MERCIAL TEC 335-0527 STATE TE ANOLOGY DEY. AND ENTERPRISE 46,076 13,600 7.500 3,256 GRANTS 2.053 2.995 44,076 18,500 9.500 8.000 LOANS 3,256 6.000 4,57 1,224 TOTAL 925,255 797.050 GRANTS 53,000 05.949 126,250 LC4X5 50,000 106,261 944,595 247.350 591,700 549.750 26,120 41.576 15,565 455.100 29.555 207,320 47,338 45.303 75,367 23,000 45,461 23.500 43,611 22.000 60.800 128 'Rote the pred prayer Clooney Yo me don - Actition with it to door beter Deadwoodcase Perhit de boca 1. Vorson to becomedor ! S 589 128 FORAM: INDIA Tide Agricultural Research and education Funding Soure DA FY 1987 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health 2,000 (G) 2,000 (G) ED. & HR Act Initial Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION He holder Life of Project Funding 10,000 (G) Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1992 FY 1993 Number 386-0505 Population NEW FY 1988 ORANT LOAN O CONTINUING Purpose: To expand the capacity of the research and education system to address high priority problem areas in agricultural development and produce relevant information that can be delivered to agricultural producers, including small farmets. Subprojects selected as research areas will be of major importance in agricultural science and technology. The results developed by the subprojects should have a major impact on the modernization of Indian agriculture. Host Country and Other Donors: India would contribute approxi- mately $5 million in direct financing and the value of staff, facilities and supporting services. The World Bank will support State Agricultural Universities in conducting regional agricultur- al research. The United Nations Development Program supports the national centers in agricultural research and education through grants under two projects covering eleven national centers. Beneficiaries: The ultimate beneficiaries will be millions of farmers and consumers through increased production and consumption. All Years Project Description: The Government of India has focused on four development objectives: a high growth rate, national self-reliance, full employment and reduction of economic inequalities. The strategy to address these objectives is premi sed on the development of technologically dynamic agriculture. The project will contribute to this strategy by creating new agricultural technologies designed to eliminate specific constraints to food production, preservation and consumption, which will in turn increase agricultural productivity, rural employment and income. The Project will deal primarily with the scientific areas identified by the Indo-U.s. Subcommission on Agriculture as high priority for U.S. collaborative assistance. The aim of the project is to enhance the capacity of the Indian agricultural research system to deal with scientific problems related to production and processing of commodities, The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) will manage the project, selecting research institutes from ICAR and those Indian and U.S. agricultural universities and agencies with appropriate strengths to deal with the particular research problems identified. A.1.D.'s primary contribution will be assistance to Indian scientists in problem identification and resolution. Major Outputs Bducators trained Students trained by educators Research laboratories strengthened Research laboratories established Research projects initiated 20 200 10 2. 4 A.1.D.-Pinanced Inputs Life-of-Project (3000) Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: Two of A.1.D.'s strategic objectives are to help the rural poor primarily through rapid agricultural modernization and to deploy relevant science and technology methodology to development needs. Scientific consultancies Technical assistance Training and training materials Equipment/facilities Incremental staff costs Evaluation and contingencies Total: 1,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 1,800 200 10,000 Principal Contractors or Agencies U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliguidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Your Obligations 8,000 Estimated Total Cort 10,000 2,000 Proposed Fiscal Yeer 1988 129 AND 370-7 (11-05) 590 DURAN INDIA Tido Agricultural Technology Develop aent and Enterprise Funding Souro PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD & N Nunt DA 386-0510 2,000 (G) 9 NEW Population GRANT ED.HR LOAN Sol. Act FY 1988 2.000 Initia Obligation O CONTINUING PROPOSED OBLIGATION linthood of dollar Ute of Project Funding 15.000 (G) Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1992 FY 1994 FY 1988 Purpose: To accelerate and increase the relevance of India's agricultural technology development. Host Country and Other Donors: This project will obligate funds through an intermediate financial institution which will contribute $2 million in salaries and support. Participating laboratories and industries will contribute financially the equivalent of $3 million through direct and indirect investment. Protect Description: Indian agricultural growth since independence has been remarkable in terms of quantitative achievements in cereals production. However, Okt growth has been highly concentrated in areas with assured water supply. Input use remains suboptimal, and highly concentrated in a few select regions. Overall production efficiency remains low and use of modern crop production technology is very limited. Post harvest agro-industry and industrial agriculture are in their infancy. Unlike the Green Revolution era, where sensible policies and a narrow band of technological innovations led to dramatic production increases, further gains in agriculture must come from a broader spectrum of technology improvements in rainfed agriculture, coarse grains, improved machinery, water conservation and harvesting. Properly structured, the agriculture sector can be a source of technology demand and employment growth. India's policy framework places great emphasis on technology innovation and on accelerating the pace of commercial application of technology. Previous investments in technology research must now be more efficiently linked to the growth process. Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries will be Indian businesses and technology and development establishments in agriculture. Through appropriate technology choice, farmers will benefit, ultimately, from more efficient production technologies, consumers from a broader array of food products and industry, and employment from a more effective and well managed use of India's biomass resources. Mator Outputs All Years Agro-industry technology informatics system centers Subsector feasibility studies financed Agricultural technology innovation subprojects 6 20 10 A.1.D.-Pinanced Inputs This project will support the expansion of critical linkages between India's agricultural technology development establishment and the small agro-industry sector. Life of Project (s thousands) 2,000 Agro-business and technology consultancies Subprojects Coraodities Training Total: Relationship of Protect to 1.1.D. Country Strategy: One of A.I.D.'s strategic objectives is to improve the income position of the rural poor by more effectively harnessing science and technology to agricultural growth. 10,000 ke? 1,500 1.500 15.000 U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollar) Oblation Throws September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Und Principe Contractor or Anal 7" To be determined Propod Finca Y 1988 2,000 Couro 13,000 AD 370-7 (11-08) El Locor 15,000 130 1 B connel 591 1 30 PLANNED NOORAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RDAN MOPOSED OBLIGATION Funding Souros DA FY 1988 2,000 (6) 7,500 (L) 9500 Initi obligation Ute of Project Funding 40,000 (2000920,000) Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1992 FY 1993 ED.HR Population NEW Lex 1988 O CONTINUING Purpose: To assist the Government of India through its Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) to develop a comprehensive approach to child survival; and to improve nutrition Status in Indian villages, Host Country and Other Donors: UNICEF will provide equipment and supervisory transport, and finance some training costs. India will contribute the equivalent of approximately $90 million to the project. tur Beneficiaries: Approximately 6.3 million children 0-6 years of age and 1.7 million pregnant and nursing women and their families will receive the project services annually in up to $2,000 rural villages. All Year Major Outputs: 42,000 Project Description: The project will build on the successful achievements of the on-going PY 1983 Integrated Child Development Services Project (386-0476), and on the extensive PL 480 Title II food assistance through the Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE). The new project will expand Improvements in growth monitoring, train field workers, establish management information systems, and bring social marketing for nutrition and health education to 42,000 village ICDS centers where CARE already provides Title 11 foods. Coverage of children under 3 years of age and pregnant and nursing women will be increased. Services provided include growth monitoring, targeted supplementary feeding, immunization, oral rehydration, iron/folic acid and Vitamin A supplements, and intensive nutrition and health education, CARE will use its extensive infrastructure to provide technical assistance, training and monitoring support for child survival activities. X Village Centers (Anganwadis): Workers retrained in child survival skills Improved Management Information Systems installed Nutrition and Health Education Campaigns underway Children under 3 years Growth Monitored Pregnant and nursing women and malnourished children under years of age enrolled 2,700,000 3,000,000 A.I.D.-Pinanced Inputs Relationship of Project to A.1.0. Country Strategy: Consistent with the worldwide A.1.D. Child Survival Strategy, this project will support, (1) focused packages of nutrition services including growth monitoring, promotion of proper infant feeding practices, feeding during and after diarrhea, targeted supplementary feeding under PL 480 Title II and Vitamin A supplementation, and (2) focus on ORT and immunization. This project complements the on-going ICDS project (386-0476), and the PY 1986 Child Survival Health Support Project (386-0504). Technical Assistance Training Management Information Systems, Monitoring 6 Eval. Nutrition and Health Education Operations Research Grant to CARE Total: Life of Project (s thousande) 5, 200 11,675 4,450 11,575 2,200 4900 40,000 Principal Contractors or Agencies U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation Expenditure Unliquidated CARE Futuro Year Obligations 30, 500 Estimated Total Cort 40,000 9,500 131 AND 70-7 (11-06 INDIA These Child Developsent support Number 386-0508 GRANT LOAN Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Propowd Fircal Yes 1988 AD 370-7 (11-08) 592 Tida State Technology Development and Enterprise Finding Soura DA PLANNED POGRN SUMMARY SHEET AG, RO IN NE Population FY 1988 ED. I HR SN. Act 4,000 (G) 4,000 Inidd Obligation O CONTINUANG MOONED OULIGATION He thonderd Lite of Project Funding 5.000 (6) Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Dote of Project FY 1990 FY 1922 FY 1988 Purpose: To accelerate and sustain India's technology development and management of innovation at the state level. Accelerated Commercial Technology (PACT) which is sectorally crosscutting, and the proposed Energy Research and Enterprise project, which will be sector specific. Protect Description: Indian industrial growth since independence has been driven by the protectionist policies of import substitution. Rapid worldvide technological change has nade Indian products comparatively high cost and low quality. Science and technology activities in India bear little relationship to industrial output. There is little private sector input or linkage; very limited financial instruments available to fund emerging technology, innovation, and competitiveness; and little or no initiative in cooperative private sector training and retraining. If India is to have a competitive, technology-driven economy, the existing institutional and human resources base must be enhanced. Host Country and Other Donors: This project will obligate funds to the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India. ICICI will contribute $1.0 million over the life of the project in salaries and support. Other Karnataka institutions will contribute $2,25 million in salaries and support. Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries will be Indian businesses, academic institutions and industrial development corporations which will improve their capacity to manage innovation. The general population will benefit from increased employment and increased availability of new and more competitive products. Major Outputs This project will support the strengthening of Karnataka State institutions and individuals. An array of advocacy, brokering, and networking sub-activities will increase the utilization of new technologies by encouraging university-industry research arrangements; assist reforms in employee training and public educationsupport new product and process development by creating ner financial instruments: provide expertise in informatics, support science and technology 'round tables of business/academic/governaent institutions, and encourage new venture development through entrepreneurial education, Core Centers Councils Infrastructure Pinancial Instrumenta Studies No. of Subprojects (all Year) 2 3 A.I.D.-Pinanced Inputs Life of Project I thousands) Relationship of Protect to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This project serves A.I.D.'s Research and Technology Development Strategy of assisting India to better utilize its institutional and individual scientific, technological and entrepreneurial talent to support development. This is the third in a series of related A.1.D. projects, including the Program for Technical Assistance Professional Development/Training Research/Evaluation Total: 2.000 2,000 1000 5.000 U. & FINANCING (I thousands of dollar Obilston Expondhure Principe Contractor and To be determined 7,000 Futuro Yon 1,000 Eroticos 5.000 _INDIA 386-0507 COAT O LON Throws September 30, Guimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through Septomber 30, opowd Fiscal Ye 1988 AID 3707 (11-95) 132 593 Indonesia 133 594 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA • FOREIGN TRADE 176, 764 540 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984)PETRO & NAT. GA, TIMBER RUBBER 4.9% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) 6.6% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983)4,267 (1984)4.505 (1983)3,871 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 26% (1984) 23% (1985) 22% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) WHEAT FLOUR . WHEAT GRAIN . TEXTILES IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)2.534 (1984)2,560 (1985) 1.558 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 16% (1984) 18% (1985) 13% TRADE BALANCE ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) ( 1983) 1,012(84) 5,495(85) 5,876 TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN UNITED STATES SINGAPORE FEMALE 59.0 FEMALE 44.4 FEMALE 38% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 30.2% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (1976-1985) (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. 3.2% (1984) 3,247 AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO).... (1994) 14.2% AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GDP (1984) 26% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 483 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.0% (1978) 2.4% (1986) 2.1 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. .(1070) ( 1986) 23% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR SUBSISTENCE : RICE ,CORN ,CASSAVA TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) 68% 6 (1985) (1986) CASH: RUBBER ,COFFEE , COPRA 28% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1981) 3.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( 1985) RUBBER ,COFFEE ,PALM OIL POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT .COTTON RICE (0-14YRS) 38.5% (15-64YRS) 68.9% (68+ YRS) 2.6% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) (1980) 53X .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. ... (1980) 11,317 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1979) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, INTESTINAL INFEC MALARIA (1981) 21,786 (32) 19,376 (83) 17,055 DEATH.. ( .) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1961) 23.641 (62) 21, 176 (83) 19, 132 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) -1.859 (82) - 1,801 (83) -2.078 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1981) 23% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1981) 12. 1% (82) 13.4% (83) 11.1% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP: AS X OF GNP (1981) 3.8% (82) 3.3% (83) 2.7% PRIMARY..., (1902) TOTAL FEMALE 112 113 MALE (1981) TOTAL SECONDARY MALE FEMALE 21.7 POST SECONDARY (1901) OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. TOTAL 2.9 MALE 2.9 PENALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1963) 4.314 (54) 5.720 (85) 6.880 ENERGY PROOUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1954) 210k EQUIVALENT TO 3.9 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) 134 COUNTRY: (497) INDONESIA •BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) PER CAPITA GNP ..... (DOLLARS, 1984) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE., (1965-84) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 17.4% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 57.4 ( 1970) TOTAL 43.0 MALE 55.7 MALE 41.7 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 67% MALE 78% • AGRICULTURE 64 AT 595 INDONESIA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) 64,355 45,000 28,790 16,900 35,565 28,100 FY 1988 (Request) 45,000 15,350 29,650 Development Assistance Loan Grant Economic Suppon Fund Loon Grat Other TOTALS 64,355 45,000 45,000 P.L 480 Title 1 Title 10 33,662 29,800 3,862 34,091 30,000 4,091 13,494 10,000 3,494 TOTALS 98,017 79,091 58,494 1/ The FY 1986 cotal includes $14.363 million FY 1985 deobligated funds and $1.199 million of FY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $15,562 million reobligated funds in FY 1986. FY 1986 PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) V.S. National 42 39 39 Fortign National 70 70 70 IQIALS 112 109 109 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excem property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hour. FY 1988 (Request) T Total А PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 Category Actual). (Estimated) Ab Total A T Total U.S. Participants 437 145 582 522 114 636 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald 6 50 56 27 62 89 Regional Bilateral d 560 163 723 47 75 122 549 176 725 607 238 845 TOTALS 443 195 638 la-training refers to the sum of participant new starta during the FY & carry ouers still in training from the prior YY. Academic: degree weking NO 1702 003) Technical: non-degree veeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programa e Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE, AMDP). 135 596 INDONESIA 7 Introduction Indonesia, the world's fifth most populous country, has made considerable development progress in the past 20 years. Nevertheless, recent external events as well as long-term economic structural ad justnent issues threaten its continued growth. The world recession in the early 1980s caused both the volume and prices of Indonesia's nonoil export commodities to fall. At about the same time, steady increases in oil production combined with decreased consumption resulted in progressive weakening of international oil prices. Largely as a result of these external factors, the annual growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) fell almost to zero in 1982/83, after aver aging 8.0% for the preceding ten years. Although GDP growth rebounded to 6.5% in 1984/85, it fell to an estimated 1.57 in 1985/86 as the oil and nonoil sectors contracted about 10% and 4% respectively. Private consumption rose slightly while government consumption rose 14% reflecting a salary adjustment for civil servants after a three year freeze. Private investment declined about 6% in 1985 due to weak demand in some sectors, high real interest rates and uncertain prospects for demand growth. As a result of the major decreases in oil and natural gas prices in 1986 and the general weakness of the economy, Indonesia expects slightly negative growth in GDP in 1986/87 before rising to perhaps 2.0% over the following two years. Some projections suggest that GDP growth will reach the 3% to 3.5% range by 1990, given the present outlook for oil. These projections, coupled with an annual population growth of over 2.0%, suggest that Indonesia has entered a prolonged period of negative to low growth in per capita income, which stood at about $540 in 1984. 2 Over 40% of Indonesia's approximately 165 million people fall below the World Bank's absolute poverty level. Indonesia's social standards continue below those of its neighbors in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) public health services reach less than 30% of the population, less than 25% have reasonable access to safe water, and overpopulation (particularly on Java and Bali where 63% of the people live on 7.0% of the land) continues to present obstacles to food self-reliance and employment opportunities. The recent downturn has had less impact on rural areas. While agriculture, which employs 50% of the labor force, provides the traditional source of employment, its potential for job creation has begun to shrink. Attaining rice self-sufficiency appears to have limited further growth in incomes and employment from rice production. Therefore, Indonesia must look to secondary crops, fisheries, tree crops, and livestock for future growth. 3 Expanding employment opportunities, particularly off-farm employment, 18 crucial. Indonesia will need to create almost two million new jobs annually over the next five years just to absorb new entrants into its labor force. The decade of growth averaging 8% annually made little impact on the rate of unemployment. Much of the investment went into modern, capital intensive technologies. ! 136 597 INDONESIA In 1983 the GOI "rescheduled" most of the major projects of this type, Indefinitely. Because the drop in oil revenues will constrain growth and its ability to create jobs, the government has begun to look increasingly to the private sector to generate economic growth and employment. Increasing nonoil exports has become an urgent priority following the precipitous decline in world oil prices la 1986. For Indonesia's fiscal year 1986–87 which began 1 April 1986, the development budget will decrease 60% from the previous year. This has caused cancelling or deferring new capital projects and slowing implementation of those already in progress. To meet these challenges, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) has introduced a series of significant policy reforms over the last three year 8. It moved swiftly to realign its currency through major devaluations in 1983 and 1986 to curtail Imports and stimulate exports. It introduced a progressive tax system, postponed large government capital projects, placed limits on state enterprise import financing, reformed banking regulations to allow interest rates to move up to market levels, and streamlined ports and customs procedures. During 1986 the GOI took further steps including developing an lovestment promotion package on May 6th and trade deregulation measures announced October 25th. Although impressive, these steps are not sufficient. In the absence of additional trade and Industrial policy reforms, these steps will not restructure the economy away from its bias toward large-scale, capital- Intensive import substitutes. The economy needs restructuring to generate economic growth sufficient to address the growing requirements for employment. As the first priority in the process, Indonesia needs to undertake a substantial dismantling of its present system for regulating laport trade, domestic and foreign investment, financial intermediation and commercial licensing. In addition, Indonesia needs improved domestic resource mobilization through increased reliance on the private sector, reorganization or divestiture of public enterprises, rapid diversification of agriculture, continued attention to family planning and health care, and increased efficiency of government programs. The A.I.D. program supports developmentally-sound changes to the country's economic structure not only because of its impact on the country's growth and velfare but also because of Indonesia's importance to the United States. Located strategically anong Malaysia, the Philippines and Australia, Iadonesia represents the largest Muslin population in the world, It supplies essential raw materials to the United States, locluding petroleum and rubber. Indonesia's large population and natural resource base provide investment opportunities for U.S. businesses and attractive markets for goods and services from the United States. Total u.s. lavestments in Indonesia, including petroleum exploration and development expenditures, will reach an estimated $5.0 billion in 1986; imports of u.s. commodities totalled $1.3 billion in 1985. In addition, Indonesia has become a leading member of ASEAN (actively supporting regional cooperation in the commercial, economic and cultural fields), a moderate voice in both the Islamic world and OPEC, and a 137 598 INDONESIA leader in seeking reasonable approaches to the North-South dialogue. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date 1 6 1 The A.I.D. program in Indonesia consists of development assistance and food aid under PL 480 Titles I and II. It focuses on three goals: expanding off-farm employment, strengthening and diversifying food production, and improving primary health care and family planning. Two key elements lo achieving these objectives are developing human resources and building institutions that can adapt and diffuse technologies to accelerate development. Under the latter element the program strengthens selected institutions by improving employees' management and technical skills, and ability to analyze procedures and policies. The A.I.D. program also encourages government decentralization and private sector involvement in technological diffusion. Policy analysis has been strengthened through research, demonstration projects, and extensive policy dialogue with the GOI. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: Funding for this sector supports A.I.D.'s goals of expanding off-farm employment and strengthening and diversifying food production. A recent A.I.D. study confirmed the significance of Indonesia's employment problem and indicated that solutions lay with continued decentralization of the economy and a stronger role for private enterprise. A.1.D. has targeted its projects to both these areas. In decentralization, assistance through the Provincial Development Project (497-0276) and earlier projects developed planning processes that both the government and other donor agencies are adopting. Evaluations show that projects designed by provincial and district agencies yield good rates of return, suggesting that the central government could delegate further decision authority to local government units. A.I.D. has promoted small enterprise development and brokered investment promotion efforts with the Private Sector Development Project (497-0329); improved management training with the Private Sector Management Project (497-0345); and strengthened national and provincial financial institutions serving rural areas under the Financial Institutions Development Project (497-0341). For example, the Cooperative League of the USA (CLUSA) 18 brokering joint ventures between cooperatives and businesses in the United States and Indonesia. These efforts have resulted in the import of 7,000 v.s. dairy cattle, $20 million worth of u.s. soybeans (with ongoing negotiations for another $17 million) and creation of a joint venture that provides jobs for more than 200 local craftsmen in Central Java and exports nearly $60,000 worth of furniture each month. The District Roads Maintenance Systems Project (497-0353), which will beglo 1a PY 1987, will affect off-farm employment in two ways. It will create jobs directly in upgrading over 2,000 kilometers of existing roads during the project and maintaining over 3,000 kilometers of roads in place at the end of the project. It will also foster the growth of private enterprise, and thus employment, in the project areas by decreasing the cost of moving goods between markets. 3 138 599 INDONESIA As a result of A.I.D. assistance, the national agricultural research system is stronger and increasingly reflects regional diversities and the need to move away from an exclusive concentration on rice. However, there 18 still inadequate institutional and human resources capacity to plan and manage sectorwide efforts aimed at diversifying agricultural production, including both food and cash crops. A.1.D., through the applied Agricultural Research Project (497-0302) and the Fisheries Research and Development Project (497-0352), will continue to assist in these areas. In addition, the Secondary Food Crops Project (497-0304) has contributed to increased yields and cropping intensities in the target provinces, and has identified ways to laprove domestic marketing systems. The Agricultural Planning Project (497-0342) assists central and provincial planning agencies to develop analytical tools to evaluate budgets, to assess the allocation of resources, undertake commodity marketing studies, and to build agricultural data bases. On the production side, pilot efforts have demonstrated the potential for large increases in productivity and impressive returns in areas where local farmers have adopted appropriate technologies. For example, in the uplands of Java, the Citanduy II Project (497-0281) has introduced improved agricultural practices on over 10,000 hectares and sample surveys show that returns to land have aore than tripled (from $125 to $425 per hectare). This has increased the demand for labor, with the number of hours of labor devoted to upland fields more than doubling. A.I.D. projects have complemented these efforts by focusing on small scale Irrigation (Small Scale Irrigation Management Project, 497-0347) and watershed management (Upland Agriculture and Conservation Project, 497-0311). In both cases, Investments in physical infrastructure have been accompanied by increasing attention to management and institutional issues, frequently yielding agreement on lapor tant policy changes and revised procedures. These have included a larger role for provincial and district planning bodies, taproved coordination among technical agencies, and increased participation by project recipients. The new Policy Reform Support Program (497-0357), to begin in FY 1987, provides funds to help the GOI Institute reforms of long-term significance. The multi-year program is structured to allow A.I.D. to respond flexibly to the new policy initiatives made necessary by the economic downturn. It Includes bridging support to meet the initial costs of policy change and technical assistance in policy implementation. Our support is intended to concentrate on two general policy areas: (a) trade and industrial liberalization, and (b) financial and tax reform. Specific areas for A.1.D. support are currently under discussion. They include: privatizing and restructuring state enterprises, reforming export promotion, analyzing and reducing nontariff trade barriers; reforming the banking system to facilitate private lovestment; deepening financial markets; and diversifying the sources of government revenues. 139 600 INDONESIA Health and Population: Indonesia has achieved worldwide recognition for the success of its family planning program. The country's crude birth rate has dropped from 41 per 1,000 population in 1970 to 30 in 1986; the total fertility rate has also decreased significantly during this period; and the contraceptive prevalence rate has leaped from 4.0% in 1972 to 58% in 1986. A.I.D. has contributed to these achievements by providing contraceptive commodities, technical assistance, and support for experimental and other programs aimed at improving management and reducing costs. Ma for challenges still remain and justify continued A.I.D. involvement. Although the use of contraceptives is relatively high in most rural areas, it is low to urban centers. These population centers will continue to grow and attract rural young people, creating a need for a new kind of program. Purther, budget constraints will necessitate efforts to reduce costs to the government and encourage greater involvement of the private sector. Within the last year, A.I.D., through its Pamily Planning Development and Services II Project (497-0327), supported initial work in selected ur ban centers involving the private sector in social marketing. A.1.D. also assists GOI programs in primary health care and particularly child survival, mainly through its Comprehensive Health Improvement Project Province Specific (CHIPPS, 497-0325) and Expanded Program in Immunization Project 7497-0253). A.I.D. has encouraged the government to decentralize and improve planning capacities at the provincial level. CHIPPS, 'as an example, funded epidemiology surveys to measure the extent to which neonatal tetanus contributes to high infant mortality in three provinces. This decentralized, regional approach resulted in a dramatic decline in neonatal tetanus rates, from 15 to three per 1,000 live births in the project areas. This has been coupled with a village level project to integrate family planning, health and nutrition activities and reduce infant morbidity and mortality. The Village Family Planning/Mother Child Welfare Project (497-0305), has become a model for the government's rural health program. In addition, A.I.D. projects assisted child survival initiatives that contributed to a 60% reduction in the incidence of diptheria for children ages three to four in selected areas. Education and Human Resources Development: A.I.D.'s activities to strengthen Indonesia's human resource base cuts across sectors. The lack of skilled and properly trained manpower 18 a frequently cited constraint to the government's development objectives. Recognizing the limited resources available, A.I.D. has concentrated its training activities in areas that complement the remainder of its program: agricultural and health sciences, and policy formulation and program planning. 3: Pocusing its efforts on off-Java development, the Western Agricultural Universities Project (497-0297) strengthens agricultural faculties 1a Sumatran universities. In addition to providing better trained high level agriculturalists as a result of project efforts, these institutions will support agricultural research that links closely with other A.I.D. efforts. Support for the development of faculty at selected universities under the 1 140 601 INDONESIA Faculties of Public Health Project (497-0348) complements A.I.D.'s health program by supporting improved regional health planning and monitoring capacities. The General Participant Training II Project (497-0328) aims to expand public and private sector panpower capabilities through programs of specialized overseas training, particularly in areas related to Indonesia's priority development aeeds, and for which other A.I.D. project funding is not available. In addition, the project endeavors to establish a national system for Identifying and managing participants in overseas training programs funded by A.I.D. and other donor organizations. The Education Policy and Planning Project (497-0344) contributes to improving the policy analysis and planning capacity of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Through the development of an laproved data base and information system, as well as a comprehensive review of the entire education sector, A.I.D. will contribute to policy changes directed at making the system more efficient and effective. Recent efforts have prompted or supported a simplification of the curricula, an lncrease in university fees, a reexamination of the expansion of vocational and technical education programs, and a desire to explore larger community Involvement in the educational processes and financing. Selected Development Activities: Funds from this account have played a key role in financing A.I.D.'s increasing focus on macro policy reform, particularly in areas relating to private sector development and employment generation through trade and Industrial policy reform. Under the Private Sector Project (497-0329), A.I.D. funds supported recent policy reforms in tax adalolstration and banking and has funded assistance from the Federal Reserve to the Central Bank in strategic planning, bank supervision, and money market development. The project also has assisted the Ministry of Pinance in pension adalnistration and capital markets, and the Investment Coordinating Board on factors affecting Indonesia's comparative attractiveness to foreign investors. The Development Studies Project (497-0340) will emphasize macro policy reforn. In the past, this project assisted development of the Open University which now has enrolled 70,000 students. It also launched a pilot nutrition surveillance system in three provinces which has produced national guidelines on nutrition monitoring and led to creating a national monitoring system funded by the the World Bank. The project has begun to assist with macro policy studies of relevance to the reform process and will concentrate its resources increasingly on such studies. With technical assistance from U.S. energy experts, the PUSPIPTEK Energy Research Laboratory Project (497-0333) 18 identifying projects using nonoil energy sources abundant in Indonesia (primarily coal) with potential for comercial applications. Although the project's potential effect on eaplnyment 18 relatively long-term, the prospects are promising as Indonesia expands its efforts in the energy field. Also, the National Academy of Science's activity under this project is bringing together U.S. and Indonesian scientists who are exploring areas in which Indonesia might utilize blotechnology and existing marine resources to produce private commercial products. 141 602 INDONESIA EEL Ditole vill 1 PL 480: In FY 1986 the Title I program provided $29.4 aillion to purchase wheat; it 18 anticipated that $30 million will be provided for this purpose to PY 1987. Over the past four years, A.I.D. has directed increasing Title I proceeds toward self-help activities that support ongoing development efforts such as conducting agricultural research, promoting cooperatives, financing local currency costs of projects and maiatalning rural infrastructure. The Title II program, operated by the Catholic Relief Services (CRS), will provide bulgur wheat, nonfat dry milk and wheat flour to approximately 200,000 people in maternal and child health and food-for-work programs in FY 1987. CRS will also conduct a pilot project for the urban unemployed. In addition, CLUSA monetized about $2 million of Title II 1. FY 1986 in order to promote agribusiness cooperatives. et se nedits t 90222 PY 1988 Program la to The PY 1988 program request will help finance three new projects, three project amendments, and ongoing activities. In addition to helping achieve A.I.D.'s present development objectives in Indonesia, the proposed new projects would support key policy and institutional changes aimed at increasing revenues and decreasing expenditures during this period of serious budgetary austerity. The proposed project anendments represent important continuations of current activities. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: A.I.D. plans two activities under this account in FY 1988 to expand employment. The new Local Resource Mobilization Project (497-0356) will assist in mobilizing local resources while upgrading the local ability to use and manage those resources. This project will encourage increased lavolvement in development activities, leading to increased employment opportunities for the target population. Major outputs will include increased numbers of locally funded, efficiently managed projects that result in broad-based sustainable development. The project will also strengthen decentralized management and create an environment conducive to the participation of all sectors of the economy. An amendment to the Financial Institutions Development Project (497-0341) will provide support for the second activity. This amendment will expand the institutional development efforts with village savings and loan units under the Bank Rakyat Indonesia. This represents a logical extension of current work in mobilizing rural savings and promoting off-farm employment through rural financial intermediaries. A.1.D. plans to add funds to the District Roads Maintenance Project (497-0353) which will improve roads in several provinces, thereby improving access to agricultural inputs and decreasing the time and cost of moving goods between markets. This will reduce spoilage, encourage crop diversification and stimulate agricultural markets. A.I.D. also plans to add funds to the Policy Reform Project, to begin in FY 1987, to assist the GOI with policy and structural reforms and short-term budgetary shortfalls. Funds will assist quick-disbursing activities in support of divesting selected state 142 603 INDONESIA enterprises, reforming export tax policies, and encouraging other policy reforas laportant to increasing domestic revenues. Health and Population: A.I.D. requests funds for two new projects to increase the private sector's role in health care. The Private Sector Health Financing Project (497-0354) will mobilize private resources, expand public and private health care schemes, introduce efficiencies in hospital management, expand this sector's role in health technology, and develop a health economice data base. The project is expected to stimulate private sector involvement so that public sector expenditures can be diverted from curative care to preventive care, particularly regarding reduced fertility and improved maternal, infant, and child survival. The Private Sector Family Planning Project (497-0355) will increase community support for the GOI's program by increasing the private resources available for family planning services. This project will assist in increasing the number of acceptors relying on private providers from an estimated 20% to 80% by the year 2000. A.I.D. also plans to amend the Comprehensive Health Improvement Project Province Specific (497-0325) to assist in taking proven health techniques into selected new areas. The successful techniques Involved include the use of epidemiological data in the decision-making processes of health centers or district staff; mortality surveys for tetanus or other specific diseases in project areas; and drug management training to increase allocation efficiencies of health centers and district staff. Education and Human Resources: A.1.D. will continue to support participant training. An amendment to the Education Policy and Planning Project (497-0344) will provide additional support to strengthen policy research, analysis and long term planning. Selected Development Activities: The Development Studies Project (497-0340) will help examine key 18sues that affect employment, trade, Industry and related policy areas. Under this project, the government will produce policy analyses and develop staff capacities and data bases needed to take such analyses beyond the life of the project. The PVO Cofinancing Project (497-0336) will require funds from several accounts. These funds will permit A.I.D. to continue its support to private voluntary organizations in areas that have a direct impact on A.1.D.'s development objectives in Indonesia. 33 PL 480: A.I.D. plans to expend $10 million in Title I support to help Indonesia neet its PY 1988 food import requirements. Indonesia still has substantial requirements for food grains other than rice, in which it has recently reached self sufficiency. The self-help funds generated from this program will support A.I.D.'s development strategy. A.I.D. 18 also requesting $3.5 million in Title II assistance to maintain the Catholic Relief Service's maternal, child health and food-for-work programs. 9 William Fuller MISSION DIRECTOR: 143 604 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) DUZEAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 497 IN JONSSX4 coes PROJECT NO. ANO TITL! I INITIAL INAL G OBLIG 09116 LOP PLANNSO AUT 10 -THROUGH FY35- LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY&S- OSLIG- EXPON ATIONS JITURS - ESTIMATED FY87- LIS EXPEN- ATIONS SITUS -PROPOSOFY 3- LIS- EXPEN- ATIOYS JITURES ATRICULTURE, RURAL EV. ANO NUTRITION 31 13, 215 9,950 --- 165 13.115 11.300 --- --- --- --- 81 21,253 25.000 21,307 20,784 --- --- --- --- --- --- 975 --- 1.43 --- --- 33 5.100 4.462 5.100 S. 109 --- 32 .. 532 --- 74 ܙ3 ܐܪܐܐܪ 77 12.500 5.252 12.500 12.500 --- --- 1.536 --- L PROVINCOAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAY 1 566 77 33 6.400 6,336 4,400 5.000 --- 30 --- 25 --- --- --- 63 . 1,420 --- 662 79 34 31.500 12.750 31.500 31.500 ... 3.355 ... 3355 3,759 3 90 93 4.250 6,250 6,250 3.710 --- 162 --- 160 --- 258 30 $3 14,600 3.693 . 3,337 --- --- 2. 200 16,600 22.750 3 30 52 3.000 2,633 --- 3.000 3.000 --- 218 -- --- 497-0252 78 59DERMANA IRRIGATION AND LAND DEY 11 497-0256 L 78 SEDERHANA IRIDATION AND LAND DEY II 7.000 6,681 1.000 7.000 697-3263 SUMATRA 452: CULTURAL AESSARCH 497-0234 G PROVINCIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMI 477-0255 L AG DEVILOPMENT PLANNING AND ADMIN 10.000 7,070 10,000 10.000 497-0276 PROVINCIAL AREA OSVELOPMENT PROGRAM II 497-0276 L PROVINCIAL AREA VELOPMENT PROGRAM II 497-02:1 :ITANJUY RIVER BASIN SEVELOPMENT II 697-0231 OITANDUY RIVER SASIN DEVELOPMENT ?? 497-0286 STALL SCALE PISM92! Es DEVILOPMENT cho niti o doto betono 31.10 31.0tYnR. 11*. *** 605 SUMMARY O ACTIV AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 88 -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- SLIG- EXPON- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OSLI: EXPEN ATIONS ITURES -THROUGN FY35- SLIS- EXPEY- ATIONS DITURES LOS PLANO AUTM 1.075 3,935 950 5,330 --- 706 622 2.324 1.50C 7.950 1.943 400 --- ... 1.177 --- 1.110 3,457 12.653 1.440 12,650 12.490 1.041 1.516 4.600 4,749 --- 4.720 9.530 14,100 --- ... ... 6,736 96 ככו,14 ... 99 3,519 650 1996:20 : SICULTUR: 8:5EARCH 07-0332 33 APPLIED GRICULTJRSEARCH 2.000 19,900 405 95 19,90 15.900 155 --- 790 210 3,533 1.000 600 1,230 1,204 3 --- .. 915 383 6.400 920 3,900 --- 33 L ܕܕܪܫ ܕܳ 933 --- 1 --- --- 5.000 1,477 ... 24 9.000 5.30 95 3 1,625 --- ... 718 462 13,993 --- 155 13.00 13.735 95 150 --- --- 717 --- --- .. 25 917 917 --- 950 91 2.000 1,200 554 35 3,200 3,209 730 421 45 1.009 - .. --- 835 750 970 92 1.750 1.753 1.000 933 215 2.350 32 3,350 3.352 145 Cover of effort that PY of final obligation colum-Al projece in this column with an initial obligation date before Doon 31, do norted for a projects with an initial obligation date of December 31, 1900th FY al final obligation in den land done. SURAU FOR ASIA ANNAN 4 ST INDON!! 1 I INITIAL EINAL 3 OLIS OSLO PROJECT NO. TITLE 5.005 5.39 .*7-32 NADUATE AGRICULTURAL SCHUCL TILO 1:1 97.327 3 TORN UNIV AGRICULUPAL ZDUCATION 7,400 *7-307 L STERK JNIV AGRICULTURAL JUCATION 97-0302 ودز - ? ۶ SECONDARY OD CROPS ::LUPAINT -97-0324 5:00 JARY 2003 C2075 DEVELOPAINT 97-311 JPLAND AGRICULTURS IN INS: VAI0i. 477-C11 JPL-ND AIR CULTUR! AV :04SERVATION ;INERAL PARTICIPANT TAANIN 497.325 L ENERAL PA'T:CIPA "RAINING 697-)!21 3 PRIVATE 5:CIOR OVELOVI 497-3529 13:41: 5:CTOR DEVELOPET 'Raten to the plomed project summery thout 606 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOS20 PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR CAST INDONESIA CP 83 PROJECT NO. AXO TITLE L 1 INITIAL"INAL OLI: 3311 LO? PLANNED AUTH -THROUGH FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMAT!O FY37- OSLIS EDIN ATICUS DITUPES -DROPOSED FYS- OBLIG SIDEN STIONS OITURES 5.000 4,334 106 6 91 PAST TIMOR DEVELOPMENT (OPS) 497-6336 3 32 PVO CO-FINANCING II 5.0CC 5.00 3.695 0.750 3.726 2.25 1.350 1.135 623 232 99? 332 . 97 3.000 2.523 7 13.250 1,250 1.727 1.253 ... 1.550 L 94 39 15.500 210 1.300 1.927 3.000 1,955 24,250 21,250 --- "INANCIAL INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT 4,520 6 84 35 3.000 42 --- 354 --- 626 700 AGRICULTURE PLANNING 3.000 3,000 L 34 95 5.000 502 .. 6.000 6.000 --- 503 --- ! 25 700 --- ... ... 3 35 90 7.000 7.000 3.599 --- 3.500 66 --- 73) 1.125 L 35 99 15.115 --- 19,518 59 63,300 43.000 --- 545 --- 3,650 3 85 39 3.320 3.320 --- --- 3.320 --- --- 350 --- 594 L 96 39 --- --- 1.795 3.735 2.334 --- .. 212 --- 721 $7 15.000 --- --- --- --- 3.500 275 3.000 1,900 37 40,000 --- --- --- --- 8.02 703 7.250 סככ,6 ..- --- --- --- 15.000 3.50 10.30? 12.000 497-0333 497-03.1 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT 497-0341 497-0342 497-0342 AGRICULTURE PLANNING 477-0347 SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT 497-0347 SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION ANAGEMENT 97-352 FISMERT:S RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 697-0352 PISMERIES RESEARCH ANO DEVELOPMENT 497-0353 > DISTRICT ROADS MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS 497-0353 DISTRICT ROADS MAINTENANCE SISTENS 3 37 39 25.000 497-0357 POLICY REPORN 146 'Notons of the Colton indico - AI prochet with sottotoro Decor 31.deheuthardere Powth Dec 31, Ylion opted for 607 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 88 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES SU EAJ FOR ASI4 AN) NPA2 445T - ESTIMATE FY67- IBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -ACTUAL FY96- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES INDON: SI4 -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 55,835 LO PLANNED AUTHD FY OF FY OF 1 UNIT: ALSINAL DELI: OBLIG 23,769 37.527 31.350 PRIJ!CI NI. ANC TITLE 22,919 45.522 23, 244 107.527 15,899 262.633 13.601 20.850 32.591 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 413.393 341, 452 5.193 7.850 19.700 43.357 23,726 76.151 11.000 O EL 17,720 25.822 PRANTS 64,170 146,400 100,137 ¿73,993 241,315 188.452 --- --- LOANS 1,662 --- 1.33 22.369 25.920 --- POPULATION "LANNING 42 73 25.920 23.920 32 --- - 87 - 20 477-2273 3 SINILY PLANNING DEVELOPINT AND SERVICES 139 --- 1.319 2.000 2.000 3.000 2.000 2.300 2.500 32 2.000 497-0270 L 79 HAMIL PLANNING DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES ... 562 52 3.000 7.590 11,500 7.500 4,630 93 98 2.000 2.659 697-0327 AILY PLANNIN; DEVAN) SERVICES II 1,566 13,400 1. 3.500 15,400 13.45 33 33 --- 497-C327 #ANILY PLANNING DIV AND SERVICSS :: --- --- --- 2.000 8.300 90 --- --- --- 6.000 497-3355 PRIVATE SECTOR FP 7,509 2.000 2,934 33 3 L 6,550 4.74 3,000 97-0355 "RIVATE SECTOR > 26,306 5,500 48.820 4,162 2.000 3.000 66,920 66.820 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.951 2.000 22,21 6,672 33,420 2.000 2.798 1 GRANTS 3,385 45,425 33,420 17.400 15,400 15.400 700 --- LOANS 543 3.000 318 --- 2.339 147 with Wittion tore before Decor 91, Dec 31, 1903 th FY o final obligation toon.edu. 3. 200 LALTH 697-0253 5 77 37 HAPAN)!0 PARIN IMUNIZATION 6.200 3.230 Retend prant Curl loftorty FY al final con co-Al pred fedprolecoth and 608 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOS!D PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 497 IN DONOSIA 87 9.500 3.531 2.495 2.00 2.384 750 L. 79 EXPANDED PROGRAM IMMUNIZATION 497-0273 78 11.500 10.000 12.450 12.450 86 9.450 5. 165 3.000 1.62 1,700 1.500 HEALTH IAINING, RESEARCH ANO 35 1.450 192 --- 502 400 1,450 1.450 200 RESEARCH L 78 MALTN TRAINING, RESEARCM AND DEVELOPMENT 3 99 96 10.000 16,000 14.000 5.049 6.000 1,616 ... 1.000 --- 1.500 : 91 35 5.000 1.391 5.000 5.000 --- 963 --- 1,700 --- L 91 35 6,000 1,035 6.000 6.000 --- 1.316 --- 1.000 -- 1.000 L 30 20 3.600 3.60 3,600 1.941 191 --- 100 69 --- ... --- ... L 93 35 2.500 429 148 1.000 2.500 2.500 . 5 32 90 3,673 6.273 6.300 1.333 600 763 403 964 300 55 2.000 4.000 6.000 2.000 395 130 400 95 5.000 --- 229 5.000 5.000 610 600 --- 33 90 10.000 --- 3.000 750 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! • LFY OF FT OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG 03CIG LOP LANNED AUTH -TMROUGM FT8S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIATED FY37- Jallio EXOEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 497-0253 DEVELOPINT 497-0273 497-0305 VILLADE P/NOTER-CMILO dLFARE 497-0325 COMPREHENSIV! MEALTM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 497-0325 COMPREMEVSIVE HEALTH INPROVENENT PROGRA" 497-0320 TIMOR MALAPIA CONTROL 497-0327 PANILY PLANNING DEV AND SERVICES II 477-0336 VO CO-PINANCING 11 497-0348 3 HACULTIES OF PUBLIC MEALTM 497-0348 ACULTIES OF PUBLIC MEALTN 497-0356 PRIVATE SECTOR MEAL TM 497-0334 L 35 90 5.000 1.750 PRIVATE SECTOR WEALTH 148 -Ahow to 1.00 609 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS BUREAU FOR Å SIA a NEAR 945T C 65 697 INDONESIA - ESTIMATED FY87- UOLIG- EXPEN 4TIONS OITURES -PROPOSeo PYD- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGM PYS- 03LIG- EXPEY- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES FY OF FY O 1 INITIAL FINAL OLIG OL:3 LO PLANNED AUTMO PROJECT NO. AND TITLS 10.078 5.050 12,464 5.400 3,400 5.417 9,400 3.618 1.750 5.342 2.000 5,351 ... --- --- --- UCATION AND TUMAN RESOURCES 3 --- 3.995 3,874 75 73 3,730 5.309 --- 32 1.000 --- --- --- ... $1 1.000 1.000 3 SO SERGY MAXPODER AND TRAINING --- --- ... ... --- 2.524 5.000 2.345 497-9325 83 COCAL GOVERNMENT TRAININ1. 5.000 7.0CC --- --- 288 601 --- 2.301 3,190 L 32 82 2.899 4.000 97-2317 OY-COUNT?Y MANASUNT DEVELOPET 371 500 --- 400 712 524 336 1.500 38 497-7323 33 MEAL PARTICIPANT TRAINING 2.533 2.533 2.750 4,000 4,000 --- 2.307 2.368 2.117 15,620 sa 447-)26 L GENERAL PARTICIP441 TRAN:49 21,223 22.300 448 300 750 27 300 708 1.000 92 93 3,300 3,300 675 1,000 77-36 vo Cu-FINANCI45 1: 557 O 171 --- 1.513 39 6.510 1.513 **7-2344 EDUCATION OCLICY AND PLANNING 1.110 1,000 513 426 6,990 84 29 7.490 49°C 497 - L. EDUCATION POLICY AND PLANNIA ܙܪ ܪܕܐܪܪ --- --- 660 2.000 654 467 2.000 36 35 4.000 1,325 149 Clevel of effort residity FY of final obligation columns - As project in this column with an initial obligation date beton December 31, 12 od on the authored on Por all projects with an initial obligation date after December 31, 1906 the FY of final obligation is based on pd dose. 11,268 9,600 22.325 51.373 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 92.973 73,500 6, 460 3.300 7.102 15,677 33.323 GRANTS 57.923 44,955 35.350 23.35C 2050 7.148 LOAVS 4973275 PROFESSIONAL RESOURCES DEVELOP 4:*T II 497-300 47-365 3 PRIVATE SECTOR MANA: 4:17 DEV:LUPT37 Reten to the planned project my shoot 610 BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST SUN VARY 9 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLAPS) 497 INDONISIA 7,929 750 LOANS 3.012 1.469 33.585 755 1 1.869 10,422 43.290 1,171 5!LECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 2.368 8, 361 1.920 --- *.901 3 78 • 3,750 08 5. 110 1.439 1,300 1.439 1.376 5 5 79 CS so 6.990 --- 6.950 --- ... --- 000's -- 25 9 PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 32 37 1.000 --- ... C. OCC DO. 1 ככ1,0 497-0329 L PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPNENT 02 .. 37 3.300 3.500 1.500 700 123 100 1.900 SUSPIPTEK ENERGY RESEARCi Lng 32 85 490 OCS 1. 201 300 500 191 71 --- 1 L 82 > JSP IPTEK ENERGY RESEARCH LA S6 120 11.750 11.750 11.750 113 1,275 1.913 497-0336 PVO CO-FINANCING II 3 32 1.549 2.000 1.439 1.150 993 CCL 1.56 08 782 706 2.303 1.13 --- .. 2.435 2.300 1.650 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.000 5.763 3,285 6,451 3.453 2. 206 1.150 3.67 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L PY OR SY OF | INITIAL SINAL : OLIG 33LIO LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN PY83- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY 35- -91780 NädX? ATIONS OITURES -91190 ESTIMATED FY87- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -PROPOSED FY98- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT -Njaxa 91160 58,041 55,603 40.590 12.167 ATIONS DITURES 5,880 GRANTS 5.421 17.393 12.393 1.010 2.445 7.030 497-0266 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 497-0266 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 697-0329 497-0333 497-0333 се 7.990 2.537 OC62 497-0340 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 6 83 0 12.200 12.000 6.000 43.329 43.150 26. 676 10.552 3,553 6.157 GRANTS 3.476 3,710 LOANS 23.129 22.900 23,200 20.250 13.200 6.842 3.280 160 1.51 1.900 2.303 3,250 3.231 neton con 150 PASCAL - NOVELA nem 611 SUMMARY | ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS CP 88 BU 3 E 4U FORAS:4 AND NEAR ¿AST -PROPOSED FY88- ODLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- O&LI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES INDON :3!4 L FY OF PYO I INITIAL FINAL 33LI: 31:3 THROUGH FY 35- JOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNID כאזע4 PROJECT NO. A TIL 45.000 85,394 45.000 71,334 50,921 180.077 64.355 440.062 29.650 37.874 678.56 562.605 23.100 30,400 TOTAL COUNTRY PUPAL 35.565 16,243 47.520 13,350 83,110 40,934 156,380 15.909 GRANTS 23.790 36,581 239.265 213.500 393,201 342.905 233.682 91,67 LOANS 151 'heten nga pred prette Chalo often they PY al final do solo- Moth the committion done before De for project with little on totho Do 31. 10th Yolunda 612 MORAM INDONESIA Tide Private Sector Health Funding Source PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION flashowder 3,000 (G) FY 1988 $4,750 Life of Project Funding $15,000 1,750 (L) 3.000 Grant 1.350 Loan 10.000 (G) 5,000_() ED.HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1988 DONEN Population O CONTINUING FY 1990 FY 1994 Purpose: To mobilize private sector resources to support the Government of Indonesia's (GOI) health objectives during the fourth and fifth National Development Plans. Host Country and Other Dogors: The Host Country will provide the staff to manage and contract out projects. Private Investors and subscribers or clients will provide the operating funds for the sew systems. The Batelle Memorial Foundation, A.I.D. and PATH assisted project provides capital to private suppliers of health equipment and supplies. Project Description: The project will assist GOI health agencies in: (1) Prepaid health financing to expand public and private sector managed health care schemes such as Government Raployees Health Insurance, exsting community based insurance, Health Maintenance Organizations, Independent Provider Associations, or Preferred Provider Organizations which emphasize prevention and cost containment; (2) Hospital Management to introduce management efficiencies in public hospitals and to expand the private role in delivering secondary and tertiary care; (3) Health Technology to expand the private sector delivery of supplies such as vaccines, diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, and medical equipment; and (4) in Health Economics Data Vse to develop an online data base which can routinely collect data sa sources of public and private revenue and expenditure by budget source, output, and outcomes which will serve to monitor and evaluate this project. It will also provide data for formulating policy and legislation. The project inputs include: research in this area of health care; in-service training, technical assistance in business planning; feasibility assessments and market studies; capital for start-up activities and commodities required for data management. Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be the lover Income groups, especially in urban areas. By coordinating private services with government health objectives, the GOI could divert a large portion of private and public expenditures froa curative and rehabilitative care to promotive and preventive care, which aims at reducing fertility and Laproving maternal, infant, and child survival. Ma for Outputs (All Years): (1) ten million persons enrolled in private health care schemes; (2) private management concepts applied to 25% of hospitals; (3) the private sector dispensing 75% of total health services (including medicines); (4) routine reporting of public and private health revenues collected and spent. A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs: Life of Project ($000) Technical Assistance 5,000 (G) Commodities 1,000 (G/L) Training 2,000 (G/L) Research/Development ,000 (G/L) Other Local Costs 3,000 (G/L) Relationships of project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project addresses the goals of reducing mortality and morbidity by assisting: (1) to design cost effective systems and (2) to improve health management by increasing private financing of health services. U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligatione Expenditures Unliquidated Principal Contractors or Agencies To be deteraided - Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations 10,250 2,750 Estimated Total Cort 15.000 1988 497-0354 2 GRANT 2 LOAN Proposed Fiscal Year AID 370-7 (11-65) 152 FI ******** 3 : > 613 1.000 152 MOGRAM: INDONESIA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RDXN Health Private Sector Family Planning Funding Source FY 1988 $5,500 PROPOSED OBLIGATION Ila thousands of doiler $3, 500G Life of Project Funding $10,000 $2,000L 8,000 (G); 2,000 (L) Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1990 FY 1994 Sel. Act Initial Obligation NEW Population ED. & HR $3,500 (G) $2,000 (L) GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 Purposes: (1) To Increase community support for the Government of Indonesia Family Planning program by increasing Its private sector and fee for services portion from an estimated 20% of continuing acceptors in 1986 to 80% in year 2000 and (2) support the national goal of a 22 per 1000 population crude birth rate for the year 2000. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project addresses the goals of expanding private and fee-for- services activities, strengthening BKKBN sanagement systems, and improving urban and village FP delivery systems. Host Country and Other Donors: The BKKBN will provide contraceptives and logistics for the subsidized program and wholesale arrangements for the CSM program. Its personnel will manage and contract CSM activities and will supervise program aspects. Other donors assisting these activities include: FPIA, AVSC, UNFPA, JHPIEGO, TIPPS, Enterprise, Pathfinder, FHI who support research, services, and IEC with charity groups, unions, women's groups, medical and midwives associations. The project will utilize this foundation to move broaden private sector services. Project Description: The project will assist the National Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) to increase the number of acceptors paying for their services by: 1. Expanding the Contraceptives Social Marketing (CSM) program to provide all methods through commercial outlets, and through private clinics, doctors and midwives. 2. Assisting to develop a national community based system which allows family planning field workers, volunteers and charity services' outreach workers to charge small fees for door to door delivery of subsidized contraceptives. These workers will refer patients to health centers for free services or to private doctors and midwives for commercial services. (A high drop-out rate of family planning volunteers occurred in the Paaily Planning and Mother Child Welfare (497-0305) project for lack of incentives). 3. Assisting to develop fee-for-service delivery of faaily planning services both in the private and public sector. Research -- including operations research, surveys of contraceptive prevalence, and technical assistance from international and local experts - will assist in providing family planning services in insurance programs, developing delivery systems, designing projects and evaluations, training, making grants to private firms for pilot efforts and operations research, and supplying commodities such as management equipment and new contraceptives. Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries belong to three groups. The poor will remain the target of free services; the lower and middle income group will benefit from subsidized services. The higher income groups will benefit from having a better choice of services and methods. Ma jor outputs (All Years): Increased users from 14 million to 20 million with the private sector delivering 30% of the services. Improved coordination of private sector providers through a national association or other organization. A.I.D. Financial Inputs: Technical Assistance Training Commodities Local Costs Life of project ($000) 2,500 (G) 1,000 (L) 1,000 (L) 5,500 (G) U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies To be determined Unliquidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations 4,500 Estimated Total Co 10,000 1988 5.500 153 AID 370-7 41-60) Tide Number 497-0355 Proposed Fiscal Year AID 3707 (11-95) 614 Ireland 155 23 1 615 FV00 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL QATA COUNTRY: (144) IRELAND •FOREIGN TRADE BASIC DATA MAJOR EXPORTS TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 3,537 (DOLLARS, 1983) 5,000 EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 691 (1984) 9% (1983) 938 (1986) 1.017 9% (1984) 1OX PER CAPITA GNP. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE..( - .) X MAJOR IMPORTS ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( .- .) IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 1,350 (1984) 1, 590 (1985) 1,692 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 17% (1983) 18% (1984) 18% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1973) 7.2% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -1, 143(83) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 74.1 MALE 71.2 FEMALE 77.3 (1970) TOTAL 70.9 MALE 68.6 FEMALE 73.3 -242(84) 240 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER .% FEMALE .% MALE .% ADULT LITERACY RATE TOTAL ( .) · % EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP ( ) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) {:} AGRICULTURE ANUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE X (1983) 11% *SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP 1.3% (1986) -0.0% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.9% (1978) POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 60 52% (1970) (1986) 61% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. ( 1986) 3 YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... (1970) ( .) .) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ARABLE LAND (1973) 60.0% MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE : CASH: MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( .) POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 31.6% (15-64YRS) 56.7% (65+ YRS) 11.7% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( .) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 8 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1979) 18% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 775 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( .) (1981) 7, 125 (82) 7.856 (83) 7.993 DEATH.. (1980) MYOCARDIAL INFAR, CEREBROVASCULAR ,PULMONARY CIRCUL TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENO ING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 9.800 (32) 10,670 (83) 10,275 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS., ( 1977) 131% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) -2.675 (82) -2.815 (83) -2,282 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1971) 73% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( XC.) · % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP . %(.) . % PRIMARY. ( 1981) TOTAL 100 MALE 100 FEMALE 100 SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL 76.9 MALE 71.1 FEMALE 79.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 16.0 NALE 18.6 FEMALE 13.3 (SMILLIONS, U.$.) (1983) 2.746 (84) 2,440 (85) 3,035 EQUIVALENT TO 2.2 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. .) 156 . : ) 616 INTERNATIONAL FUND NO, IRELAND & IRELAND PROGRAM SUMMARY (9000) Category FY 1986 (Actual) FY 1987 Development Assistance Loan Grant (Estimated) FY1988 (Request) 50,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 35,000 50,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 การส่ง TOTALS 50,000 35,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 35,000 TOTALS 50,000 35,000 35,000 th PERSONNEL DATA MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS «Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One work your + 2,087 hour. AID ALL Category PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) To Total A T Total motte Ab FY (Request) T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regional DOW RUDA?) to COC TOTALS In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovere still in training from the prior FY. Academic: degree reking. AID 370-2 (380) Technical: non-degree seeking d Participants funded under bilateral programe Participants funded under regional programs long, CLASE, AMDP). C 157 617 INTERNATIONAL FUND NO. IRELAND & IRELAND Introduction Americans have long been deeply concerned about the tragic situation in Northern Ireland. In recent years we have seen the people of that region suffering from a seeningly unbreakable chain of violence and economic deprivation, in great measure caused by centuries of nietrust, fear and even outright batred. The U.S. Governnent has applauded the British and Irish Governments' determination to make progress in the Northern Ireland situation as evidenced by their formal agreement of November 15, 1985 which established a framework for constructing a durable peace in Northern Ireland. President Reagan indicated that the United States would join the two Governments' efforts to promote economic and social revitalization of those areas in both parts of Ireland most affected by the troubles of recent years as a way of showing support for the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Subsequently, the Congress passed a concurrent resolution supporting the Anglo-Irish Agreement and then authorized and appropriated economic support. On Septeaber 18, 1986 the British and Irish established an International Pund for Northern Ireland and Ireland to which the United States and others (the European Community, individual Buropean countries, and other countries with significant cultural and historical ties to Ireland and the United Kingdom) could contribute. The United States made the first contribution grant of $50 million--to the Primd in a tripartite agreement signed September 26, 1986. A principal objective of the Pund 18 to stimulate economic revitalization in order to promote employment and thereby attack an important cause of historic instability in Northern Ireland. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D. vill work with the Fund to lasure the maximum results from our financial input. To this end, the initial grant of $50 million was placed in a trust account in the Bank of Ireland until the Board of the Fund had worked out with u.s. input-operational procedures of the Fund and clarified the role of the U.S. observer to the Pund. A second U.S. grant of $35 allion 18 expected to be authorized for release directly to the Pund in FY 1987. The purpose of the Pund 18 to be a tangible expression of support of the two Governments and the people of Ireland to peace, stability and reconciliation in Northern Ireland. The objectives of the Fund are first, to challenge the chronic unemployment and deprivation which create an economic and social environment in which violence and instability can 158 618 INTERNATIONAL FUND NO. IRELAND & IRELAND flourish, and, second, to encourage contact, dialogue, and reconciliation between the different traditions in Northern Ireland. The Pund 1. Intended to stimulate private lavestment and enterprise and encourage volwtary efforts, including self-help measures; through creation of venture capital companies, and through direct grants and loans. A special emphasis will be placed upon the needs of young people. Specific projects to be assisted renala to be worked out but, illustratively, the Fund could help: provide 0.s. management expertise to smaller North Irish companies; development of touria and energy resources; and diversification of agriculture, forestry, and the fishing industry. It is hoped that some of these projects can be initiated by dd-1987. 1 P 1988 Program A grant of $35 million 16 proposed for FY 1988 to further the work of the Pund. By then the Pund should be in full operation and we should have an initial sense of progress toward the Pund'. purpose and goals. It wil then be possible to evaluate its impact on the population and the economy of Northern Ireland and the adjacent counties of the Irish Republic. AID/W Office Director: Gerald Kamens + 1 2 I 159 619 SUMMARY OF ACTIV! AND PROPOSED PROJECTS CIN TWOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 96 - ROOSE PYS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -91166 - ISTIYT! P787- POLIS &XD! ATIONS DITURES INTERNATIONAL FUNI-NO. IRELAND 3 IRILAND -ACTUAL PY36- OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS THROUGN PTSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 193 LOP PLANNES AUTNO L Y OP PY 0 | INITIAL PINAL OSLI: OBLIO 35.000 35.000 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 35.000 35.009 93.000 --- 95.000 כככ.33 35.000 98 120.000 50.000 35.000 OCO'S 50.000 50.000 35.000 35.90 35.000 120.000 $3.000 35.000 OCO 90.000 S0.000 -O. OOO OCCOSS 35.000 35,005 35.000 CCOOCS 50.000 33.000 35,000 --- 35.000 OCO'S COO'OS 50.000 ... -- 091 SONONIC SUPPORT INO 195-4601 INTERNATIONAL FUND TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 120.000 GRANTS 000 CS LOANS 123.000 TOTAL CONTRY TOTAL OCO'CS 120.000 GRANT 5 000'OS SN101 8. Podobe odmen 620 Israel 161 O. 621 PVO CP ECONOMIC ANO SOCIAL OATA COUNTRY: (271) ISRAEL •FORE I GN TRADE "BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 5,060 (DOLLARS, 1984) PER CAPITA GNP ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE (1965-84) 2.7% MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) POLISKO DIAMOND.CITRUS & FRUITS, TEXTILE & CLOTH EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 1.319 (1984) 1,606 (1985)2.072 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 27% (1984) 27% (1985) 32% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)MILITARY EQ. .ROUGH DIAMONDS ,OIL IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 1.626 (1984) 1.674 (1985) 1,701 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 21% (1984) 20% (1985) 19% TRADE BALANCE ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -3,221(84) -2.600(85)-2.430 ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 84.4% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1980) 6.0% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS ( 1986) TOTAL 76.2 MALE 74.5 (1970) TOTAL 70.9 MALE 69.3 EEMALE 77.9 FEMALE 72.6 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER UNITED KINGDOM TOTAL FEMALE ADULT LITERACY RATE (1972) 88% MALE 93% 83% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 77.2% AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.)... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 1.886 (1984) 18.ok ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 0.1% . (1984) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.0% (1978) 1.7% 2.1% (1986) POPULATION DENSITY / 50 KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 327 (1970) (1986) 91% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 4 (1986) 3 SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT 23% (1985) CASH: CITRUS FRUIT (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) CITRUS FRUIT , COTTON POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 32.0% (15-64YRS) 58.8% (65+ YRS) 9.2% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) SOYBEANS , WHEAT , SORGHUM INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 10 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .(1980) 6% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 403 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1980) SHIGELLOSIS CHICKENPOX MUMPS-OREILLONS (1981) 13,638 (82) 14.628 (83) 17, 756 DEATH.. (1983) MYOCARDIAL INFAR,CEREBROVASCULAR ,PULMONARY CIRCUL TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) 17.224 (81) 18,965 (82) 19,831 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 120% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1981) -5,327 (82) -5,203 (83) -9, 303 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY .) .% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1980) 36.8% (81) 28.6% (82) 26.7% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP (1981) 25.3% (82) 23.7% (83) 25.5% PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 126 MALE 125 FEMALE 126 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 49.1 MALE 43.4 FEMALE 50.3 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 22.4 MALE 23.2 FEMALE 21.5 (SNILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 3,688 (84) 3,095 (85) 3,719 EQUIVALENT TO 3.4 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 0.8% 162 622 ISRAEL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 1,898,400 1,200,000 1,200,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 1,898,400 1,200,000 1,200,000 TOTALS 1,898,400 1,200,000 1,200,000 P.L. 480 Title Title 11 TOTALS 1,898,400 1/ 1,200,000 1,200,000 1/ Includes $750 million from the FY 1985 supplemental appropriation. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOIALS Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY FY (Actual) Estimated) TC Total A T Total Category FY (Request) T Total A5 A U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS In-training refer to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carry ouers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe Participando funded under regional programs leger b Academic: degree seeking. CLASP, AMDP). AID 370 2 888) prior FY. 163 623 ISRAEL Introduction After the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, events converged to threaten Israel's ability to provide for the security and economic well-being of its people. First, the government's decision to expand and modernize its military forces required a massive diversion of civilian manpower and financial resources to meet these needs--over one-third of gross national product (GNP) and 20% to 25% of the labor force. Concurrently, the general world inflation raised Israel's import bill, while recession la OECD countries adversely affected its ability to export. The resulting large balance of payments deficit and accelerating inflation became the principal nonmilitary problems facing the government. To deal with them, Israel introduced policies to curb demand (including demand for laports), stimulate exports, and restrain monetary expansion. Initially, these policies succeeded in reducing the balance of payments deficit. However, when the Government relaxed some of these measures, the deficit on civilian goods and services account soared, tripling from $1.4 billion in 1977 to $4 billion in 1983, before declining to $3.3 billion in 1984 and $2.2 billion in 1985. Beginning in 1979, inflation accelerated to triple digit levels. In 1984 it reached an annual rate of 445%. To cushion Israelis against the worst effects of inflation, a pervasive system of indexation evolved which covered wages, savings, Income tax brackets, and welfare payments. The system helped protect real incomes and the real value of financial assets, but reinforced strong inflationary pressures. The Israeli invasion of Lebanon also added to Israel's economic burdens. Between 1982 and 1984 there was little real econoaic growth. In 1982 and 1983 exports failed to grow after several years of sustained expansion. Exports recovered in 1984, but lovestment and private consumption fell sharply. In 1985, real GNP increased by 3.6%, the most rapid rate of growth since 1981. Exports continued to grow, although at a slower rate than the previous year. Private consumption was virtually unchanged while lavestnent continued to decline rapidly. The National Unity Government formed in September 1984 set to work to develop an economic stabilization program which would restore price stability and balance of payments equilibrium. In October 1984, President Reagan and then-Prime Minister Peres established the Joint Economic Development Group (JEDG) to review Israel's short and long-run economic problems, and consider the appropriate role of u.s. assistance in furthering reform and development. In July 1985, the government adopted a stabilization program which was bore comprehensive than any preceding it. The program featured subsidy cuts, price ad justments followed by a freeze, reductions in the government 164 624 ISRAEL workforce and government expenditures, tax increases, temporary dowoward adjustments in real wages, a currency devaluation and measures designed to Increase the scope of monetary policy. The most dramatic effects of the program to date have been the very sharp decline in the inflation rate and the increase in foreign exchange reserves. The inflation rate dropped to 184% in 1985. Most of this inflation occurred during the first half of the year, So far in 1986, inflation has averaged only 1.3% a month, or 17% a year. Foreign exchange reserves increased from $2.4 billion in June 1985 to $3.7 billion as of December 31, 1985, and have remained fairly stable since then. Disbursement of the supplemental assistance appropriated in August 1985 18 a major factor in explaining the increase. To achieve the program's objectives of restoring economic stability and reestablishing conditions for a resumption of growth, the government will need to take further measures to eliminate disincentives to productive lavestment, inter alia by means of capital market and tax reform, promote efficient use of labor, reduce resources used by the public sector, particularly for non-investment purposes, and end the system under which the value of financial assets, and the level of vages and other forms of income are automatically adjusted to changes in the price level and/or the foreign exchange rate. A. I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Political and economic stability in Israel is essential to achieving a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, a ma for U.S. foreign policy objective. V.S. assistance programs, both military and economic, tangibly reflect U.S. support and help sive Israel the confidence it needs to take the risks necessary to reach & peace settlement with its Arab neighbors. Assistance from the Economic Support Pund helps maintain economic stability in Israel by financing some of the foreign exchange costs of economic growth and development. Economic policy issues are discussed with Government of Israel representatives on a regular basis. The remaining $750 million from the FY 1985 supplemental was disbursed in September 1986. The $1.2 billion in ESP earmarked for Israel in FY 1987 was disbursed in November 1986, as required by legislation. FY 1988 Program For FY 1988, A.I.D. proposes a $1.2 billion cash grant in support of the Israeli Government's continuing efforts to promote productive Investment, reform taxes, reduce the role of the public sector and otherwise encourage more efficient use of Israel's resources. Provision of assistance in the form of a cash transfer is conditional upon receipt of satisfactory Israeli Government assurances that during FY 1988 Israel will import from the United States nondefense goods at least equal in dollar value to our level of economic assistance obligations during that year, that U.S. 165 625 ISRAEL equal access to Israeli markets, and that Israel will follow procedures worked out in cooperation with the U.S. Government for bulk shipments of graio on dry bulk carriers. Israel has provided and complied with these assurances each year since PY 1979, when the Commodity Import Program was terminated and replaced by a cash transfer. AID/W Office Director: Gerald Kamens Go 166 626 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PRORA: ISRAEL CP 88 ??:JECT NURSER AND TITL! L I PY OF INITIAL OILIS INAL OLIS PLANNE) AJTH) -THROUGH PYSS. OGLIO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY!6. OLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 2:ONIMIC SUPPORT FUND ܘܬܬܙܐܐ G 36 1.295,000 1.200.000 1.200.000 Das TRANSIE? € 375.000 1.125,333 0. --- --- --- 375.000 3 96 SUPPLEMENTAL CAS PRINS"!? 271 -K026 SUPPLUNTAL CASH TSINSPIR 375.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 5 375.000 375.000 375.000 375.000 3 37 37 ... 1.200.000 1.230.3.3 ... 1.200.000 1.200.000 --- --- 1.893.400 1.398, 400 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 *.893,400 1,393,400 1,200,000 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 DANS 000 COUNTRY TOTAL --- --- 1.99!.450 1.89!.409 1.200.003 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 271-22 :AS TRANSPER 1.143.400 1.200.000 -- 1,143, 4C0 1.148, 400 271-4623 271 -Ko25 CASH TRANSPIR ACCOUNT TOTAL 6.293.430 3,900,130 6,298.400 3.900.000 GRANTS TOTAL 4.28.400 3.900.000 ORANTS 6.298.400 3.900.000 --- 1,895,400 1,393.400 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 1.200.000 LOANS 167 Auto VM 229 Jordan 169 628 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (270) JORDAN •BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. ( THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 2,663 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )FRUITS & VEG. .PHOSPHATES . FERTILIZERS PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 1,570 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S NILLIONS. US, FOB) (1983) O (1984) O (1985) 0 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 4.8% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 0% (1983) 0% (1984) ox ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 9.6% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )CRUDE OIL PETROLEUM . TEXTILES NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( .) % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 360 (1984) 310 (1985) 248 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 15% (1983) 15% (1984) 13% (1986) TOTAL 68.4 WALE 66.8 FEMALE 70.3 (1970) TOTAL 63.2 NALE 61.3 FEMALE 65.2 TRADE BALANCE (8 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -2,131(85) -2, 122(04)-1,720 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1979) TOTAL 65% MALE 81% FEMALE 54% TRADING PARTNERS: SAUDI ARABIA UNITED STATES .GERMANY FEDER • AGRICULTURE 56. 1% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1984) 202 (1976-1985) 0.1% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 16.7% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP...... (1984) 7% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (19 632 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.3% (1978) 3.5% (1986) 3.6% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) (1986) 60% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 9 (1986) 7 SUBSISTENCE : WHEAT ,BARLEY , LENTILS 65% (1985) CASH: VEGETABLES .OLIVES FRUIT 30% (1985) MARRIED WONEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 26.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) VEGETABLES .CITRUS FRUIT FRUIT POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 47.1% (15-64YRS) 50.4% (65+ YRS) 2.5% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT .CORN .BARLEY INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 50 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1979) 10% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1982) 1, 172 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) MUMPS-OREILLONS.CHICKENPOX MEASLES-ROUGEOLE (.) .(.) DEATH., (1979) ILL-DEFINED COND, ALL OTHER DIS. OTHER HEART DIS. TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) .) .(.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) OSX DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) (.) .(.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1982) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. • % (.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF ANP X PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL $1.3 MALE 11.4 FEMALE 81.2 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 61.6 MALE 61.8 FEMALE 56.2 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL MALE 12.0 FEMALE (MILLIONS. U.S.) ( 1983) 1.024 (84) 607 (85) 613 EQUIVALENT TO 2.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. {:} 3:16 ::} 170 12 2529 NOR find lilah 1 629 JORDAN PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) Category FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistanas Loan Grant 95,022 18,000 Economic Support Fund Loun Grant Other 104,000 5,000 99,000 95,022 18,000 TOTALS 95,022 104,000 18,000 P.L 400 Tide 1 Tido II TOTALS 95,022 11 104,000 21 18,000 1/ FY 1986 total includes $150 thousand of FY 1986 deobligated funds reobli- gated in FY 1986; $80 million from the FY 1985 Supplemental Appropriation; and excludes $247 thousand in ESF local costs support. 21 FY 1987 total includes $90 million from the FY 1985 Supplemental Appropria tion and $370 thousand in ESF local costs support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Catogory FY 86 FY 87 FY 88 Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 20.0 17.0 18.0 Foreign National 34.7 43.9 46,0 IOIALS 54.0 64.0 Torud full time equivalent workyears of amplayment Include HIC, ezceur property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 houru. 60.2 FY 88 (Request) T Total A PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA" FY 86 FY 87 Category Actuell (Estimated) Ab TO Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 41 97 138 64 168 232 Regional Third Country Participants Biletaruld Racionado 6 6 6 6 72 179 251 6 TOTALS 47 97 144 70 168 238 78 179 257 Olu-training refers to the sum of participant net starts Technical: non degree seeking during the FY & curyover still in training from the d Participante funded under bilateral programa prior FY. b Aoudemic: degree weking Participants funded under regional programs (auß, CLASE ANDP). ND 3702 003) 171 13:31.. 630 1 JORDAN 7 Introduction During the past year, Jordan's economic prospects have deteriorated. Jordan's economic performance is largely externally driven, and the economy 18 now suffering fron the economic contraction in the oil producing states of the Arabian peninsula. 2 i. Jordan 18 a resource poor nation. Only 10% of its land area is arable, and water for agriculture and industrial growth is scarce, given low and quite variable rainfall and limited groundwater. Although small quantities of oil have been discovered, Jordan 1s almost completely dependent on imported fuels. Jordan's main development resource has been 1ts well educated and trained labor force. Indeed, the remittances from Jordanians working abroad, primarily in the Gulf states, have been a driving force in the economy and were equivalent to about one-fifth of GNP in 1985. These remittances, together with Arab donor aid, exports of manufactures to Arab neighbors, and income from phosphate exports have been laportant external sources of growth for Jordan's economy. However, the decline in Gulf state oil export revenues, which began in 1981, has accelerated while world demand for phosphates has stagnated. Purther, remittances have dropped substantially and Jordan's Arab neighbors have not been able to pay for the goods they traditionally purchased. As a consequence the underpinnings of Jordanian growth have been severely shaken, and, for the fourth year in a row, per capita GDP 18 expected to fall. . Yes Jordan's most serious economic problems are rapidly locreasing unemployment, substantial trade imbalance, and a foreign exchange shortage. Mounting unemployment stems from the combination of declining Job opportunities in the Gulf, lovered economic growth prospects at home, and the rapid growth of new entrants to the labor force (the natural result of Jordan's high population growth rate of about 3.6%). The balance of payments problea reflects the declining prospects for remittances, dininishing Arab aid, and dampened export earnings. Jordan, sharing the longest border with Israel of any Arab state and serving as a major gateway for air and land routes to the oil producing states of the Persian Gulf, 18 of utmost importance to the United States la achieving its foreign policy objectives in the region. As the center of political moderation in the Middle East, Jordan must play a pivotal role in any negotiated resolution of the Israeli-Arab conflict. Although there has not been a dramatic breakthrough in the peace process during the past year, there has been solid movenent towards the U.S. foreign policy objective of having Jordan and Israel open direct negotiations. King Husseln, who has remained in power longer than any other Arab leader, remains finly committed to this objective. He has been both candid and objective in assessing the problems that must be solved ETE 30 172 631 JORDAN before negotiations can be successful including identifying appropriate Palestinian representation and reaolving Jordan's need for an International framework for negotiating a peace settlement. In its recently approved Five-Year Development Plan for 1986-1990, the Government outlined its plans to embark on a bold new initiative to provide significant resources for economic development activities on the West Bank. Jordan, which has continued to maintain an official presence 1o the occupied territories since 1967, intends to channel these resources through its regular ministry programs and through banking and credit facilities that are being strengthened to facilitate the flow of additional resources to create more job opportunities for Palestinians in these areas. U.S. economic assistance 18 assisting Jordan to surmount the tvin problems of unemployment and foreign exchange shortages and 18 supporting the Kingdon'a new initiatives to further the economic well being of the Palestinians living on the West Bank. Continued economic aid 18 an essential component of u.s. efforts to promote Jordanian stability and to provide the Kingdom and other Arab nations with visible evidence that the United States 18 a reliable security partner, both now and over the long haul of the peace process, A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D. has provided assistance to Jordan for over 30 years. In recent years, much of this assistance has funded major investments in infrastructure in the water and wastewater sector. A.I.D. funding apsisted in extending and improving the distribution of water and the collection and treatment of wastewater to Amman and nine secondary cities. A.I.D. has had long involvement in the Jordan Valley in establishing research centers and extension services for intensive cropping under Irrigation. In the population sector A.1.D. has maintained a policy dialogue with the Government on the need for information and services for child-spacing options and has provided staff training and clinic expansion for the Jordan Family Planning Association. In health A.I.D. has promoted oral rehydration therapy through mass media campaigns. A.I.D. has provided funding for many years for participant training and for a wide range of technical assistance services and feasibility studies. Early in 1986, the Government of Jordan (GOJ) embarked on a new strategic laitiative designed to increase the private sector'a lavolvement in the nation's economic growth. After carefully analyzing the major constraints at work on the economy and holding in-depth consultations with key Government and private sector leaders, the V.$. Mission concluded that it was the right time to shift the central focus of A.1.D.'s development strategy for Jordan away from the capital intensive, 173 632 JORDAN public Infrastructure projects of the past towards new efforts that help the Kingdom to support the private sector as the central "engine for developaent." By FY 1988, the GOJ will only be la Its third year of working toward privatization and will still require substantial U.S. as81stance to sustain its momentum lo encouraging private sector growth. While it will undoubtedly take several years before the benefits of this na for strategic adjustment will be realized, A.I.D. 18 convinced that this is the appropriate strategy for Jordan's continued growth and stability. 業​! 12 TA A.1.D. plans to help Jordan tackle Its unemployment problem and foreign exchange shortage by working directly with private sector manufacturing and service industries to empower them to be the sources of Jordan's Income, employment and export growth. A substantial Commodity Import Program (funded from part of the $250 million FY 1985 Supplemental for Jordan) 18 providing essential resources to the private sector to buy equipment and raw materials from the United States. This program has given the U.S. Mission greater leverage in a policy dialogue with the GOJ on defining the appropriate role for the public and private sectors in econonic development and in setting a revitalized policy framevork conducive to a less constrained private sector. An Industrial Development project will help to form an industrial engineering department at the University of Jordan, establish an Industrial productivity center, and support small and mediun sized enterprises all designed to enhance the growth and competitiveness of Jordanian manufacturing. Another new project will develop the capabilities of firns providing business services, including computer enterprises, to complement A.I.D.'s assistance to the manufacturing sector. A small entrepreneur project will provide credit, technical assistance, and training to micro-businesses, the greatest producers of jobs per unit of capital lavested. Management capabilities in the private sector are being upgraded through a Management Development Project, while additional private sector training needs are being met under a new component of the Development Administration Training Project. The primary focus of A.I.D.'s long involvement in Jordan's agricultural growth has been the development of the Jordan Valley. That investment has paid off in rapid increases in Jordan's fruit and vegetable production, much of which is exported. To laprove the Jordanian agricultural marketing environment, a new project is being planned for PY 1988 that will involve a broad-based strategy for laproving marketing through the reform of GOJ market controls and the privatization of marketing and packing facilities. The rainfed highlands represent an agricultural resource that has been almost unexploited in recent years. Now, under the recently initiated Highland Agriculture Development Project, a long-ten technical 174 633 JORDAN apsistance tean will assist the Ministry of Agriculture in increasing agricultural production, diversifying crops, enhancing extension and research efforts, and in adapting and promoting new technologies. Given Jordan's limited resource base and high population growth rate, A.I.D. has directed its efforts towards assuring that couples receive fantly planning Information and services. In 1986, A.I.D. began staff training and clinic expansion of the Jordan Family Planning Association through a contract with the Margaret Sanger Center and expects that fanily planning training for public health staff will be designed and started in 1987. A.I.D. also sponsors population research that demonstrates the need for greater GOJ action, e.8., a Male Fertility Survey was done that identified attitudes and beliefs of men regarding fertility questions. A.1.D.'s new Primary Health Care Nursing Development Project is designed to luprove nursing skills, the professional standing of nursing in the medical field, and to establish a new training Institute to train nurses and uidwives in primary health care. A.I.D. also funds Save the Children Federation and Catholic Relief Services commumity health programs that dovetail closely with this project. To combat the fundamental causes of child mortality and morbidity, A.I.D. has also promoted oral rehydration therapy (ORT), Inteunization, and programs in child-spacing and breast feeding in Jordan. In 1987, A.I.D. plans to start a new health communications Initiative with the private Queen Noor Foundation to address sone of Jordan's broader health problems. In years past, A.I.D. has been heavily lavolved in the water and wastewater sector. Successful completion of A.I.D.'s ongoing projecte will help to bring potable water to 90% and sewer services to 50% of the population. Future A.I.D. efforts in the sector will be focused on Laproving the efficiency of these past lavestnenta through helping the Government to operate and maintain these facilities more efficiently and through encouraging conservation and expanding the knowledge base of Jordan's ground and surface water resources. m 1988 Program The proposed PY 1988 program will continue the process of solidifying and strengthening the fundamental change in strategy instituted in FY 1986 and 1987. A.I.D. will continue to expand its private sector initiatives as well as address GOJ development priorities for the West Bank. 175 634 JORDAN The r 1988 program initiates the Agriculture Marketing Project (278-0274) that 18 intended to improve agricultural marketing through policy reforn and wider private sector involvement. The project wil encourage the GO to take initial steps toward privatization of existing Government-owned marketing facilities and will work with the COJ to eliminate structural and regulatory constraints. The project will also develop information systems for farmers, merchants, and exporters on prices, markets, and demand. The project will assist the Go in promoting standardization and quality control la handling and packaging. This and ongoing A.I.D.-assisted private sector initiatives will represent not only new progra directions, but highlight the program's shift to direct lovolvement in the private sector. It is clear that the private sector will be called upon to play a major role in the economic development of Jordan. By strengthening its institutional capabilities, A.I.D. 1s assisting in preparing the private sector for this role. A.I.D. will also continue to support the GOJ', Involvement on the West Bank and Gaza to assist Jordan's West Bank and Gaza Development Program (278-0285). This activity 18 designed to provide 0.5. support for the GOJ's commitment to play a major role in the economic development of the West Bank and Gaza. Io providing funding for these priority econonic development projecte, A.I.D. supports the Gal's resolve to prepare these areas to enter the economic mainstream through better infrastructure and lacreased social services. 2 Mission Director: Lewis P. Reade 176 635 CP68 -PROPOSED PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES IURLAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -ESTINATED PY97- ISLIG- EXPON ATIONS DITURES JORDAN 279 L P OP SY OP | INITIAL 'INAL 6 OLI: OBLIG 94,401 PROJECT NO. ANO TITL! 66,960 50.000 53.000 170 --- --- 163,549 160.000 370 35 37 --- 375 401 87 1.176 6 --- --- --- ... 5.°23 7,500 --- 79 '70 1,500 7,500 112 L 2.875 S60 77 03 2.375 2.375 720 710 --- 2.730 1,161 2.500 3,225 --- ... 2.500 2.500 90 80 6,287 7,476 531 --- 1.543 80 35 ... 1,692 1,384 5.000 ... 3.623 5.000 5.000 G 82 4,309 --- 1,369 --- 10.000 --- 1.000 10,000 10.000 92 33 990 350 1.319 --- 3,226 5.620 --- --- 97 ..420 5.620 ... 77 0 31 JORDAN VALLEY AGRICULTURAL SERVICES ... 4,200 5.000 --- --- 5.000 5.000 91 10 3 175 303 --- --- --- --- 355 330 279 80 33 330 330 3 900 ... 2.000 100 2.000 2.300 2.300 3 INCONE TAX ASSISTANCE --- 2.000 37 SMALL ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT SUANARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG EXP EN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN PY85- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS OITURES LOP PLANN!D AUTM) 55.549 ECONOMIC SUPPORT UND 273-6043 3 COMMODITY INPORT PROGRAN 275-OLCS LOCAL COSTS SUPPORT 271-0206 AQABA SELERAGE 2.700 27:-0208 3 1:ALIM IST AND SERVICOS JEVELOPNENT 279-0233 3 IRSID WATER AND SEWERAGE 21.00 21.000 21.000 273-0233 L IRBID WATER AND SEVERAGE 275-0234 ZARQA RUSEIPA WATER AND JASTENATOR 274-0234 ZARQA RUSEIPA NATER ANO TASTEWATER 273-0241 279-0243 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATION 279-0245 SALIM EDUCATION 1.207 273-0247 273-0255 177 Al middenotetor och 31, 1000th to 636 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (I THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PIEAU FOR AS 4 AND 5 IST 275 JORDAY CP 98 PROJECT NO. av TITLE LFY OF FY OF I SITI LINAL OL! OL:3 LO PLAVNO AUTH) -THROUGH PY85- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITUR:S -ACTUAL FY36- OSLI- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY37- OSLIJ EXPEN ATIONS PITURES -PROPOSED FYBB- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 37 3.000 3.000 -0. 1.000 3.000 1.377 1.008 514 3.000 3.000 --- 602 --- 532 --- --- --- 213 --- 900 --- 1.372 294 --- 6.390 --- 5.500 --- 4,216 754 150 4,132 900 --- 1.000 3 5.000 --- 369 5.000 5.00 --- 00 1,390 --- 1.388 --- --- . 35 33 12.000 --- 123 23.500 23.500 2.700 2.250 2.000 2.500 35 99 5.000 ... --- --- 2.000 750 7.000 1.000 --- 1,500 36 37 6.000 360 500 2.500 5.500 ... 3.001 --- --- --- 20 --- 6.723 15.000 7.000 1.630 600 3.000 1.000 izCH SERVICES-FEASIBILITY 33 --- 1.600 ... 1.500 886 1,400 1.500 7.900 7.500 --- --- 96 • 37 2.000 6.500 615 --- 1.400 6.550 6.500 178 27:-0:55 L 37 STALL ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT 214-257 i 33 DEVELOPINT ADMINISTRATION TRAINING:1: 32 5.000 3,966 5.000 5.000 27.5& . ?? T:CM SERVICE AND FEA3:2 ILITY STUDIES TIi סככ,4 4.000 1,515 :73-257 AAT? SYSTEMS AND SERVIC:S ANASEET 6.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 27-3257 ATER SYSTEMS AND SERVICOS ANASEMENT 7,000 7.150 7.150 276-2260 34 TOCH SERVICE AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES IV 273-0251 MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT 275-2264 TIOMLAND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 273-024 HIGHLAND ASRICULTURAL DEVOLOPYINT 273-0265 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPUENT 273-26 STUDIES 279-0267 DEVILOPNENT DIN TRAINIV: :V 27.-0270 : PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NURSING SEVELOPMINT 'non con Volume con co- A prin common 637 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLA) -PRO OS90 Ye8- OIL17- XPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXP IN ATIONS OITURES THROUGM PY85- OBLIG- EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES JORDAN 2.000 273 LOP PLANNED AUTNI 13.000 L PY OF PY OF INITIAL PINAL G JBLIG OLIG 2.600 15.000 ; PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 3.000 37 25.000 25.000 13.000 1.000 2.909 07 --- --- --- 15.000 ... --- 5.000 9,000 --- 3. 3 --- 539 --- --- 30.000 450 30,000 30.000 35 35 --- 3 10.000 273-0276 SCM5OL CONSTRUCTION III --- 7,300 7.000 13.000 10.000 7.009 26 7.000 3 -.. --- 10.000 156,902 16.000 113,257 37 33 104.000 o 31,459 13,00) 141,683 95.022 36,116 200,323 2,475 •9,000 13,119 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 435, 194 335.475 15.737 95,022 21,325 14,707 139,825 5.000 15,721 GRANTS 14,291 369,604 323.975 63.500 62.500 40.500 13,500 154, 602 LOANS 113,257 104.033 31.658 1 1 36 116 200,325 96.470 BUREAU POR ASIA ANO NEAR EAST - ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIS- ! XD IN- ATIONS DITURIS 8.10 279-0271 3 AMMAN NA UR DEAD SEA ROAD 279-0272 3 PRIVATE SERVICES SECTOR DEVELOPINT 279-027 45RICULTURAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT 271-0277 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE TECH RESOURCES ASST I 273-0235 19ST SANK DEVELOP TENT 95,022 18,000 141,693 99.000 13.119 435,194 395,475 15,737 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 95.022 14,797 21,325 139,825 5.000 15.721 GRANTS 14,291 367.694 323,975 65.500 62.500 60.500 LOANS 'mondo 179 dafone coco- Mecomwatoto D. 31, 100 In D31, 10Y noon and 638 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health Funding Source ESF FY 1988 2,000 Initia Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION Iin the for Life of Project Funding 5 000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Dute of Project FY Population wew Sel. Act ED. & HR CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 89 PURPOSE: To improve the Jordanian agricultural marketing environment in order to stimulate increased production. agents for expanding demand for Jordanian products and Increasing local production. DESCRIPTION: Jordan is presently faced with two major marketing problems. First, tradicional agricultural markets are dwindling, due to diminished oil revenue in the Gulf region, military conflicts in traditional markets, and the entrance of new suppliers offering lower prices and generally higher quality. Second, domestic production is characterized by over-production of selected crops and under-production of other potentially marketable crops. Underlying these two problems is the Government of Jordan's (GOJ) lack of a clear marketing and pricing policy. RELATIONSHIP OF PROJECT TO AID COUNTRY STRATEGY: Improving the marketing environment for Jordanian agricultural products through broad based policy reform fits squarely with USAID'S CDSS, especially as the project attempts to reduce the role of Government and expand the role of the private sector. HOST COUNTRY AND OTHER DONORS: Several GOJ ministries and government-supported organizations are involved in marketing, but these have not been effective and often work at cross purposes with each other. The GOJ welcomes A.I.D. assistance in marketing. No other donor is presently involved in this field. GOJ contribution for Life-of-Project is estimated at $2.0 million. BENEFICIARIES: The chief beneficiaries will be the 80,000 farming households that will find increased demand for their produce through vider and more efficient marketing channels. The Agricultural Marketing Development Project will involve a broad based strategy for improving the marketing of Jordan's agricultural products. The emphasis will be on policy reform and shifting the role of GOJ from direct intervention in markets to one of facilitation and support of wider private sector involvement. For example, the GOJ will be encouraged to take initial steps toward privatization of existing Government owned marketing facilities. In addition, the project will work with the GOJ to eliminate structural and regulatory constraints. The project will also develop the GOJ's capacity to provide information to farmers, merchants, and exporters on prices, Barkets, and demand. Finally, the project will assist the GOJ in promoting standardization and quality control in handling and packaging. The formentioned policy reform will encourage the private sector to enter domestic and international Barketing. Technical assistance will be provided to train, guide, and assist the private sector in becoming effective marketing MAJOR OUTPUTS: Policy reform that diminishes the role of the Government and facilitates entry and expansion of the private sector; this should result in approximately 20 percent increase in production and exports. AID FINANCED INPUTS: Technical Assistance Commodites Training LIFE OF PROJECT (5000) 3,000 1,000 1,000 5,000 U.S FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligatione Expenditures Principal Contractor or Agencies Unliquidated Future Your Obligations 3,000 Estimated Tote Cont 5.000 1988 2,000 NOORAM JORDAN Tide AGRICULTURAL MARKETING DEVELOPMENT Number 278-0274 O GRANT LOAN Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Propowd Fiscal Y NO 3707 (11-05) 180 639 100 Lebanon 181 69-533 0 - 87 - 21 640 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (268) LEBANON .BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 3,310 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984) PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS. 16 (1984) 7 (1965) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965- ) % EXPORTS TO U.S. 1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( ) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984) % 18 .% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973- .) NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LON 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1970) IMPORTS FROM U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( ) 533 (1984) 314 (1985) .% ( 135 .X LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 66.6 MALE 64.5 FEMALE 68.& (1970) TOTAL 66.2 MALE 64.2 FEMALE 68.4 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)( .) .(.) .(.) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1970) TOTAL 68% MALE 79% FEMALE 58% TRADING PARTNERS: SAUDI ARABIA , ITALY , FRANCE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1973) 2.0% AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 2. OX ( 53 X AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1974) 9% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 880 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.7% (1978) 0.3% (1986) 0.2% 12% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 59% (1986) 81% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 (1986) SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT .BARLEY .PUL SES (1985) CASH: CITRUS FRUIT , APPLES , TOBACCO (1985) MARRIED VONEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1971) 33.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( 1985) VEGETABLES .CITRUS FRUIT .APPLE SPOPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 42.6% (15-64YRS) 52.7% (69+ YRS) 4.7* MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) GRAINS ,MEATS ,DAIRY PROOS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1906) $3 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. .(1975) 17% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1979) 536 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE ( DEATH.. : : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) . (.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 105% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY 1975) 94% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. % ( ) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : X ONP XC.) . % PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 92.0 MALE 96.9 FEMALE 87.7 SECONO ARY (1980) TOTAL 69.7 MALE 136 FEMALE 0.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1981) TOTAL 22.4 MALE 29.3 FEMALE 16.1 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1903) 2,292 (84) 1.061 (85) 1.074 EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( ) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 3. 2x AS OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.: ( :3 :: 182 0. 3 641 FY 1988 FY 1987 (Request) LEBANON PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) Category Development Assistance Loan Grant 300 6,967 300 15,901 6,967 15,901 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 300 6,967 15,901 TOTALS 300 P.L. 480 Title 1 Tide 11 6,967 21 1/ 15,901 TOTALS 1/ FY 1986 total includes $14.040 million from the FY 1983 Supplemental Appropriation; $481 thousand in FY 1985 deobligated funds reobligated in PY 1986. Excludes $56 thousand in ESF local costs support. 2/ FY 1987 total includes $6.467 million from the FY 1983 Supplemental and $25 thousand ESF local costs support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 86 Category FY 88 FY 87 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 1 1 1 Foreign National 3 3 3 TOTALS 4 4 4 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. ERE - A6 ............ 35.. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY FY FY Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total А T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regionale Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale TOTALS In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the prior FY. dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. bAcademic: degree seeking. € Participants funded under regional programs (e.g., CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2 18-88) 183 642 DI LIBANON Introduction Sectarian fighting in Lebanon continued unabated during 1986. Questions of formulas for sharing power and for deliaiting Syrian influence in Lebanese affairs have remained unresolved, and prospects for an early resolution are dua. 11. int RO set The Lebanese econony 18 in serious trouble. At the beginning of 1986 the exchange rate of the Lebanese pound was about 18 to the dollar. In ad-year it fell to about 40, and at the end of the year to 90. Early in 1986 the Central Bank Intervened to stabilize the pound with some success. The Bank, however, ao longer has the resources to intervene in a major way. The econoaic disarray stens 10 part fron the continued absence of progress on political and security issues and in part from the Government's inability to secure adequate revenue. The only hopeful sote in Lebanon 18 the expected repatriation of considerable suns of money now held in foreign currencies outside Lebanon in the event that a political settlement 18 reached. 11. el ho al ope be 4. The Lebanese people live under increasingly arduous circumstances. The loss in value of the Lebanese Pound 18 reflected in rapidly rising costs of food, education, and health care. The Lebanese education system 18 based on private schools rather than on tar-supported public schools, and these private schools pass rapidly increasing operating costs on to students in the fon of tuition increases. Basic health care 18 normally provided through a national health care systen. This national system, however, has been able to provide only a portion of needed health services because of the Government's poor financial condition. Lebanese families must pay for other medical services from their own resources, and the cost of these services 18 rising rapidly. Most serious for the Lebanese people are the poor security conditions, especially in Beirut and parts of southern Lebanon. Lebanese throughout the country coatinue to be displaced and in jured as fighting continues. te 38 ba 1 A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.I.D. strategy to Lebanon continues to give first priority to providing relief assistance to victims of the fighting and to rehabilitation programs. Relief assistance is intended to meet emergency needs for food, shelter, medicine, and medical services for the lo jured and displaced. Rehabilitation 184 643 LKLANON prograns include limited repair of schools, medical centers, and shelters to allow these buildings to continue in use and physical rehabilitation through therapy and prosthetic equipment. A.I.D.'s relief progran 18 iaplenented almost entirely by three private voluntary organizations (PVOB): Save the Children Pederation (SCF), Catholic Relief Services (CRS), and YMCA of Lebanon. Security conditions make it difficult for A.I.D. staff to travel, and bilateral programs for rebuilding infrastructure are impossible to implement. The PV08 have proven themselves able to continue their programs under poor security conditions. In FY 1986, Save the Children Federation provided more than 31,000 families with milk, blankets, mattresses, children's clothes, kitchen sets and other basic supplies. SCP also supplied 107 health centers, serving displaced and needy families with medications and first aid supplies. SCF's mobile vans provided curative and preventive services to familles housed in 65 centers in Beirut. SCF also provided shelter to almost 2,000 families whose houses were damaged by ulitary operations or car explosions. / . Between 1983 and mid-1986 Catholic Rellef Services, under its A.I.D.-assisted emergency rellef grant, supported 61 health care centers with medical equipment, supplies, drugs, and repair of facilities. Rellef supplies went to 6,300 displaced faailies. Repairs were made and supplles furnished to 38 schools, 10 orphanages, and 7 lnstitutions for the handicapped. In addition A.I.D. is supporting these PVOB' rehabilitation programs and that of the World Rehabilitation Fund (WRF). SCF undertook 188 community rehabilitation projects (restoring water facilities and repairing roads, drainage canals, and schools) under its emergency relief and rehabilitation grant. SCP oversees a loan program for farmers and small entrepreneurs (2,300 borrowers throughout Lebanon to date) whose farns and enterprises have been damaged in the fighting. SCP has just begun a community-based medical services program that will provide ongoing care in small towns and villages. 185 642 LEBANON Introduction Sectarlan fighting la Lebanon continued unabate Questions of formulas for sharing power and fo Syrian Influence la Lebanese affairs have rer and prospects for an early resolution are d' The Lebanese economy is in serious trouby of 1986 the exchange rate of the Lebaner the dollar. In ad-year it fell to ab 14 the year to 90. Barly in 1986 the ce stabilize the pound with some succes longer has the resources to interv econonic disarray stens in part f. progress on political and secur! u replenish the PVO Government's inability to secu; ssistance Protect hopeful note in Lebanon 18 th e the PVOs' rellef and considerable sums of money » outside Lebanon in the eve reached. ..7 svage The The Lebanese people 11 circumstances. The ) reflected in rapidis health care. schools rather tb private schools students in th 18 normally o This nation: portion of poor fina hedical these Lebap Beir COU со 0 6 186 645 1.1.2. , asd SITIO MITI 14 Win 1800 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPE CINTHOUSANDS OF DOL therapy and prosthette bulldiers to coetinue to use and repair of schools, medial center, 643 A SI ANI NEAR SAST SUPAJ POR -ACTUAL OBLI:- ATIONS LE SANON -THROUGYS- DOLIS- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES FY OF SY OF IIVITI AL FINAL 5 OPLIG OBLIG 205 LO OLANN!O AUTMO PRIJ!CT NO. ANO TITLE ECONOIC SUPPORT UND 25 37 37 15 13 2-LCs LOCAL COSTS SUPPORT 277 425 97 625 555 67 3 1.300 2:3-6222 INTERNATIONAL CO.LE! 1,28 6.900 .00 5.99 6.900 79 39 3 -C325 HEALTH SECTOR 13112ILITATION/ --- --- 3.924 5.824 7) 4 6.324 11.324 --- • --- 453 2:1-0313 2:CONSTRUCTION AND :*BILITATION-CS 2.740 3,455 35 3.365 3.399 ?•:!1: : 31 VOCAT10.4L TAINING IN BLOG IRO): S/Y102 151 --- 100 51 ... 23 151 350 35 --- 3 20-0320 SSLL VALUS PROCUREMENT 6,384 --- 4,431 --- 4,431 4,631 33 34 --- --- ; --- 2.5-329 TELECOMUNICATIONS 3 ABILITAT:04 --- 4,730 --- --- 4930 6! 83 --- --- --- ::::::: 3 CABLE ATER AND ENVIRON SAN TATION 182 2.250 1.142 305 93 23 2.253 2.250 2.500 3.342 2.256 9.250 1,000 7,428 9.672 ... 1.500 27,000 20.302 1.435 --- 4.000 500 500 4.000 4.30 85 651 3 500 --- 6 SO 3.000 3.000 1.5) 1,752 9.000 5.003 . sé:AUT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 10,000 13.000 ; ?5 :ICA UNIVERSITY OF 3! RUT 2:1-23.1 3 CONOMIC AND DEV PLANNING SS ST TO COR 3 L: 3ANON LISF ASSISTANCE :4 53- د 255-0343 RIENCY WATER REPAIR 1 2o-1!): 235.1136 15.300 15.30 187 'Roters to the planned project way to Cdo offerteality FY of final obligation coton - A# prona the color with all olimon den before Dec. 31, 1000 won the world cute for det hele blondee Deco 31,1400FY of fine on a planned to 644 CRS's rehabilitation program provides funding to repair schools, hospitals, health care centers, and houses damaged in the fighting to return them to minimal operational condition. Almost 150 such institutions have received assistance since 1984. WRP's program to date has involved training for Lebanese medical professionals in physical therapy techniques and use of prosthetic devices. Under the recent WIR grant amendment WRI will continue training in Lebanon though on a wider scale and will begin providing equipment to hospitals and medical centers. All these PV08 pay careful attention to the need to ensure a non-sectarian distribution of assistance. All have made grants throughout Lebanon to Christian and Mualla areas alike. FY 1988 Program Funding requested in FY 1988 will be used to replenish the PVO grants funded under the Lebanon Relief Assistance Project (268-0342). These grants will continue the PVO&' relief and rehabilitation programs. AID REP: Gary T. Mansavage 186 645 SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJ2CTS CIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 88 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AN) NEAR 9. ST -ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES SURAJ FOR ASIS -ACTUAL FY85- OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LEBANON LFY OF EY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OL!5 OILIS 25 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE --- --- 25 --- --- 25 13 --- --- 153 97 97 i 153 565 277 425 --- 500 97 623 955 407 1.000 3.28 500 --- כנ4,9 5.900 5.900 ... 1.000 73 HEALTH SECTOR 23+ABILITATION . --- 3.924 6.824 --- --- 150 --- 453 --- 2.740 --- 3,455 --- 3.965 3.390 --- 35 --- 151 --- --- --- 100 51 --- --- --- --- 151 350 35 93 6,364 --- --- 4,531 4,491 --- --- 33 5 --- --- 30 --- --- 4.930 4,! --- 33 --- --- --- 1&2 2.250 1.142 303 2.253 2.250 2.500 3.362 2.256 9.250 1.000 7,428 9,672 1.500 --- 27,000 20.302 1.435 6.000 500 סרט,4 S00 95 661 85 .. 4,000 500 --- 3 650 3.000 3.000 57 1,523 1,752 9.000 5.303 10.000 13.000 15.300 ܐܕ כככ,15 187 Carel of oftantity FY of final obligation coma - All project the color with an initialition toutefon Dec 31,100 and on the authors for one widowie bliniano Deore 31, 10th FY final bonda.pdate -THROUGH CY95- OBLIG. EXEN ATIONS DITURES LO PLANNID AUTM E.ONOIC SUPPORT UND 26-LCs LOCAL COSTS SUPPORT 23-0222 IT:RNATIONAL CO.LES! O-C323 7796 6.324 11.324 • 2:1-0313 RECONSTRUCTION AV BILITATION-CS 23.1!1: 3 91 Calib AL Tia!NINO IN SLOG INA:5/44 3 4,431 STILL VALUS PROCUREST ܕ ܐ93-?ܕܐ 3 25-32 TELECOMUNICATIONS REABILITATION :::.!! 3 CTABLE ATER AND ENVIRON 5-N:1.Ti) 1 2:1-0341 3 ::ONOMIC AND JEV PLANNIN; *S: ST TO COR in-0362 i L:JANON PILISF ASSISTANCE 255-0343 SOUNCY ATOR REPAIR 2-1!0; 3 3:AUT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1 29-1136 ?5 CAUSVERSITY OF 3 RUT 'Roter to the planned pool 646 SUNSARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 263 LEBANON 6967 9,175 309 3. 207 303 3.207 D. COJNTRY TOTAL --- 300 3. 207 $1,697 32,263 15.901 13.521 6.957 9,175 --- 300 3.237 --- 188 PROJECT NO. AN TITLE LFY OF PT OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG 33LIG CP 33 LO PLANNED AUTMD IMROUGM FY85- OLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FT86- OBLIGA EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED PY97- LIS- XPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYBB- OSLIS EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 82.551 75.634 51,697 32,263 15,901 10,521 GRANTS 92.551 75.634 51.697 32,263 15.901 10,521 LOANS 5967 7.175 TOTAL 62.551 75,634 51.697 32,263 15,901 10,521 6967 9.175 GRANTS 32.551 75,634 LOANS oort Protoco- Motoforo 31, foon. Yone 647 Morocco 189 648 COUNTRY: (605) MOROCCO FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA 17% BASIC DATA •FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS,KID 1986) 23,762 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984)PHOSPHATES . PHOSPHORIC ACI, FRUITS & VEGET PER CAPITA ONP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 670 EXPORTS TO U.S. AMWUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1966-84) (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 26 (1984) 33 2.8% (1985) 30 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 2% (1983) 1% (1964) 2% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (+973-84) MAJOR IMPORTST 1984)PETROLE UM PROD.,CAPITAL GOODS . WHEAT NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1970) INPORTS FRON U.S. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (8 MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 359 (1984) 479 (1985) 210 (1986) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) TOTAL 81.6 8% (1983) 12% (1984) MALE 60.4 FEMALE 62.9 (1970) TOTAL 32.2 MALE 51.7 FEMALE 32.8 TRADE BALANCE ( 5 MILLIONS, U.S.)(1982) -1.772183) -1,242(84)-1,407 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1982) TOTAL 35% MALE 49% FEMALE 22x TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , SPAIN ,VEST GERMANY AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 82.9% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (6 MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 1, 134 (1976-1985) -1.2% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1963) 36.9% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP .(1983) • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOK OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 100 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.5% (1978) 2.5% (1986) 2.7% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 35% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 7 (1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT ,DARLEY 40% (1983) CASH: WEAT ORANGES , SUGAR BEETS 49% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1963) 26.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) ORANGES TOMATOES FRUIT POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP: (0-14YRS) 41.8% (15-64YRS) 54.1% (68+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WEAT ,VEGETABLE OILS ,RAV SUGAR INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 87 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1980) 32% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 17,232 *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) MEASLES-ROUGEOLE. GONOCOCCAL INFEC, TRACHOMA-TRACHOM (1981) 3,948 (82) 4,040 (83) DEATH.. (1983) INFEC & PARASITE,CIRCUL & RESPIRA, ACCIDENTS TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1901) 5,980 (32) 5.814 (83) *.527 'PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1901) -2,04$ (82) -1.766 (83) -1.080 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1976) 85 DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1981) 16.3% (82) 16.6% (83) 14.5% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP (1981) 6.9% (82) A3 X OF ONP. 4.9% PRIMARY... 6.4% (83) (1982) TOTAL 60.4 NALE FEMALE 85.0 33.9 SECONDARY (1901) TOTAL 31.3 MALE 35.4 22.1 FEMALE OFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY (1977) TOTAL 3.3 MALE FEMALE (MILLIONS, U.S.) (1969) 122 (04) 62 (85) 120 EQUIVALENT TO 0.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1964) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS K OF CONSUMPTION. (4984) 190 ► 1 649 MOROCCO 1 Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 21,673 16,370 FY 1988 (Request) 15,000 Development Assistance Loan Grunt 21,673 16,370 15,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 16,484 12,500 3,984 20,000 14,000 6,000 20,000 12,069 7,931 TOTALS 37,957 36,370 35,000 P.L 480 Tide 1 Tide 11 45,380 40,000 5,380 44,427 40,000 4,427 43, 486 40,000 3,486 TOTALS 82,977 11 80,797 21 78,486 ENEROY PRODUCTION 190 1/ FY 1986 total includes $473 thousand TY 1986 deobligated funds reobligated in FY 1986 and excludes $171 thousand in ESP local costs support. 2/ PY 1987 total includes $165 thousand in ESF local costs support, and $10 aillion ESP in the FY 1987 supplemental request. See supplemental annex for detail. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES 1986 1987 FY Category 1988 FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 25 24 24 Foreign National 18 19 19 TOTALS 43 43 43 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, excew property, and IC personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. FY ! PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' 1986 1987 1988 FY FY Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) Ab TC Total А T Total A T Total U.S. Participants 169 Bilateral d 106 275 197 123 320 198 103 301 Regional 2 2 Third Country Participants 23 23 36 36 Bilateral d 34 34 Regionale 169 131 300 197 139 356 198 137 335 TOTALS oln-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryover stiú in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe prior FY. bAcademic: degree reking. • Participants funded under regional programs lengan, CLASE AMDP). AID 370-2 ) 191 650 MOROCCO 11 Introduction g. Morocco 18 a lower riddle-income country which must carry out structural ad jua tnent of its econoay in a context of stringent austerity. Pew countries have been as successful as Morocco in making difficult ad justments with little accompanying growth to cushion the shock of adjustment. External assistance will be required well into the 1990s to support the coatinuing liberalization of the economy and maintain sufficient development monentua to achieve modest per capita income growth. As the structural adjustments take effect and the policy environment is laproved, Morocco's economy will be better able to sustain economic growth in the face of a highly competitive world economy. Morocco's resource endowments and geographic position nake its development prospects favorable, but they are severely constrained at present (1) by an external debt greater than the annual GDP which limits significantly the ability to incur new debts to finance investuent and (2) by an inappropriate economic structure. Past policies of protectionisn and over-reliance on centralized direction and control are being modified and replaced by market-oriented policies. The debt burden and the inappropriate economic structure have their roots in the ambitious investment progran developed during the short-lived phosphate boom of the mid-1970s. When the boom collapsed, the Government of Morocco (GOM) was forced to borrow heavily abroad to finance its development program. Although rapid growth was achieved, protectionist policies left the Moroccan economy vulnerable to the world recession in the late 1970s and early 1980s. with the prolonged drought beginning in 1981, Morocco's economic growth came to a virtual standstill and real per capita income actually declined. Purthermore, with the war 10 Hestern Sahara siphoning off a portion of the country's resources, the GOM was forced to reduce its development lavestment programs and to request a rescheduling of its debt in 1983 and again in 1985. Morocco la striving to achieve the conditions for sustainable econonic growth and a more equitable distribution of income through a comprehensive progra of economic 11 beralization. The GOM 18 dismantling the administrative controls and protectionist measures of its recent past in order to create an open, 11beral econony which relies on markets to allocate resources. The GOM reduced maximum tariffs on imports from over 100% to 45% in three years, devalued the dirhan by over 20% in two years, simplified customs procedures, decontrolled many prices and reduced consumer subsidies by over $100 million in two years. At the sane time, the Moroccan economy has struggled vith the effects of drought, slack demand for its principal export (phosphates), growing protectionisa among its traditional trading partners, and the entry of Spain and Portugal into the European Community-Countries which produce exports which compete with Morocco. In spite of these obstacles, export of manufactures has increased rapidly from a small base, and the balance of payments deficit has been reduced fron 11.6% of GDP in 1984 to 32 in 1986. TEL 31 192 651 MOROCCO Because of its commitment to carry out aimultaneous structural adjustment and austerity programs under World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) guidance, the GOM has received the assistance of major donors in response to Its econoaic problems. The GOM has participated actively in the World Bank led Consultative Group, presenting its nedlun-term program for adjustment to the donors. The GOM entered into a Stand-By Arrangement with the IMF in September 1985 for approximately $213 million in Special Drawing Rights through February 1987, The GOM further devalued the dirham and reduced subsidies on the three subsidized consumer goods--flour, sugar, and edible otle. Unfortunately, public investment expenditures exceeded program targets in the last quarter of 1985 and the Stand-By Arrangement remained looperative. The GOM has negotiated a new Stand-By Arrangement which will Involve further reduction of subsidies and tighter control over public expenditures, The GOM will also ask for, and require, further debt rescheduling in 1987. Morocco and the United States have enjoyed friendly relations for two centuries. The GOM has frequently supported u.s. policies, and has agreed to pernit access and transit by u.s. forces at Moroccan bases in certain contingencies. The Government also provides facilities and support for what vill be one of the free world's most powerful radio transmitters. It has assumed a moderating leadership role in the Arab World in general and in the Middle East peace process in particular. In the summer of 1986, King Hassan II invited the Israeli Prime Minister to Morocco for direct discussion on the Middle East situation and later withdrew Morocco from the "Union Agreement" vith Libya. Both Initiatives advance U.S. Interests in moving toward a more peaceful Middle East, The program Long-tern U.S. Interests in the economic and political viability of Morocco are vell served by an active foreign assistance program. manifests U.S. concern over the near-term difficulties facing the Moroccan economy as well as longer-teru economic growth. Morocco continues to make progress toward achieving its short-term ad justment objectives, but high levels of 0.s. assistance in the context of continuing Consultative Group guidance will be an important factor in assuring the implementation of the Government's program of economic reform and ad justment Development Assistance, Economic Support Funds and PL 480 resources during this difficult period will help provide the means to address the needs of the Moroccan poor. A. I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments Morocco's central tasks for the next few years are to assure adequate and productive investment levels in spite of a severe debt burden and to reshape the economy towards greater efficiency and competitiveness with a minimum of social disruption and modest improvement in the population's standard of living. A.I.D.'s strategy for the next five years 18 designed to support the government's efforts in these areas, as articulated in the four objectives of A.I.D.'s development strategy for Morocco: Increased economic growth Increased food supply Reduced population growth and improved primary health care Laproved management of energy and natural resources 0 o 0 o 1 193 652 MOROCCO i A.I.D. 18 pursuing these objectives across sectors through a number of project initiatives. The Econonic Policy Analysis Project (608-0191) 1. designed to assist the government in devising and laplementing economic policies that strengthen the role of free markets. The project supports efforts to deregulate prices and assure adequate functioning of pricing mechanisas. Similar objectives have guided the formulation of self-help measures under the PL 480 Ntle I program as well as policy efforts in the Mission's agriculture, energy, and population and health portfolio. At the same time, A.I.D. 18 pursuing opportunities for improving access to financial resources for private lovestors and exporters through private sector export promotion facilities and lending prograns with local private banks. Agriculture: Growing dependence on food imports and declining per capita cereals production underline the need to look to Morocco's extensive rainfed agriculture regions for increasing donestic food supplies. Production has been constrained by a combination of outdated technology, Inadequate access to agriculture inputs and credit, weak public sector services, and a lack of Incentives to lavest in improved technology oving to the gradual loss of markets to imported grain. A.I.D. will combine Development Assistance, PL 480, Title I and ESF resources to bring about increased food supply, principally through greater domestic production of cereals. The agricultural strategy relies on three principal interventions to stimulate productivity in the rainfed sector. 1 The first intervention ains to strengthen the agriculture education, research, and technology base in order to provide laproved production technologies to farmers. This program commits A.I.D. to a long-term association with the Agronomic Institute Project (608-0160), fundamentally to train 140 Ph.D. faculty research scientists by 1990. Concurrently, the Dryland Agriculture Applied Research Project (608-0136) directly addresses technology development and transfer through the creation of the Aridoculture Center near Settat. A fully integrated team of Moroccan and U.S. researchers work on farming systems relevant to the 250-400 mm rainfed zones. Initial research results, even after four years of drought, demonstrate high potential payoff from dev production technologies. Several technologies are nearly ready for dissemination through public and private extension efforts. Both projects are implemented by Title XII Institutions, the University of Minnesota and the Mid-America International Agricultural Consortium, respectively. Both projects have undergone major evaluations in the last year, and each evaluation confirmed the strategic importance of continuing these long-tera efforts. The second intervention addresses the overall policy environment affecting agricultural productivity. The planning, Economics, and Statistics Project (608-0182) 18 improving the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MARA) to make timely crop production and yield estimates, conduct improved economic and policy analyses, and produce better designed agricultural projects. In collaboration with the World Bank, the project financed a study on pricing and marketing incentives and a second study vill be undertaken. These studies will be instrumental in the design of the 194 653 MOROCCO World Bank's structural ad jus tnent loans, are key to the development of a self-help strategy under PL 480 Mtle 1, and form the basis for both A.I.D. and World Bank policy dialogue on prices, subsidies and privatization in the agriculture sector. The third latervention increases farmers' access to agriculural inputs and production-lacreasing technologies. The Small Farm Credit Project (608-0184) provides loan assistance to Morocco's Agricultural Credit Bank (CNCA) in order to reschedule debts of small farmers seriously affected by the 1981-1984 drought. It complements other major donor assistance to CNCA and finances studies aimed at improving credit operations. The program has also been providing loans to private agribusiness since FY 1986, thereby providing opportunities for A.I.D. to enhance the role of the private sector in Moroccan agriculture. A new ESF project is being developed in FY 1987 la direct support of the above initiatives. The objective will be to address certain policy reforms in agricultural inputs markets through analysis, dialogue, and discrete capital Interventions, Fertilizer price subsidies, inappropriately fixed wholesale and retail price margins, lack of quality control la agrochemicals, and inadequate fara storage facilities are among the primary targets of this policy-oriented project. PL 480 Title I continues to generate the local currency required to support A.1.D.-financed projects in the agricultural sector and priority activities in the development budget of MARA. Purthermore, the importance of Title I within the GOM has resulted in a willingness to adopt self-help measures that lead to significant program-level changes. Among self-help measures undertaken during TY 1986 which relate directly to the interventions described above, the GOM committed itself to reform the marketing system for cereals, to eliminate fertilizer and cereal seed subsidies over five years, and to privatize distribution and marketing of forage seed materials. Population and Health: Morocco's current population growth rate of 2,7% per year 18 one of the most serious threats to achievement of other development objectives. Mid-range population projections for the year 2000 reach 31.7 million, an increase of 8 aillion (347) over the 1986 population of 23.7 million. At the current rate the population will double by the year 2012. Por cultural and political reasons, as well as to make the most effective use of scarce personnel and other resources, the GOM and A.1.D. are addressing under a single program the problem of rapid population growth, and early child health. Mission strategy objectives in the sector include measures to expand the voluntary use of family planning methods, to improve population and demographic planning, and to lacrease rates of child survival. To date, key project interventions under the population/Family Planning Support III Project (608-0171) have assisted the COM in the extension of its household service delivery program (VDMS) to 28 of the country's most populated provinces and urban centers. The program, which delivers a package of family planning and primary health services, 18 underway in provinces which include more than 70% of the Moroccan population. More recently, VDMS has been strengthened by a new program of assistance that accelerates the Ministry of Public Health's (MOPH) national immunization program and augments delivery 195 654 MOROCCO of other proven child survival technologies--ORT, nutritional surveillance and instruction to mothers on breast feeding and good veaning practices. To reinforce this effort, A.I.D. is also providing assistance to strengthen the overall managerial capability of the MOPH and to laprove the quality and impact of family planning and maternal child health information and promotional materials, both areas cited as needing inprovement to the FY 1983 evaluation of the Population and Family Planning Project. Purtheraore, recognizing the need to mobilize additional resources to iaprove family planning and health services, A.I.D. has engaged GOM and private officials in policy dialogue aimed at lacreasing the role of the private sector in financing and delivery of services. The Mission has supported one of A.I.D.'s oldest and largest PL 480 Title II food supplement programs for lov lacone groups for more than 28 years. This program 16 now being progressively transferred to full GOM responsibility, with emphasis on meeting autritional needs of vulnerable groupe such as poor rothers and children. A major breakthrough on the phase-over of the program to the COM took place during PY 1986 vith the GOM's agreement to assume total responsibility for the program by PY 1992. At the same time catholic Relief Services has initiated new control procedures to increase effectiveness of distribution during the phase-over period. Enersy: Morocco requires greater amounts of energy to support sustained economic growth. The country presently seets its energy needs by laporting virtually all commercial energy requirements (nearly one-half of Morocco's 1985 foreign-exchange earnings was spent on energy laports amounting to more than $900 million) and overexploiting an loadequate traditional fuel supply, trees and shrubs, thereby creating areas of severe deforestation and environmental degradation. A. 1.D.'s strategy objective--the improved management of energy and natural resources-vill help Morocco reduce its dependence on laported energy and balance its traditional fuel supply, thus alleviating attendant dislocations in the Moroccan economy. Withia this broad objective, A.I.D.'s program stresses energy sector policy analysie, planning and management capacity, and lacreased development and use of Morocco's renewable energy resources. mio progran is consistent with GOM priorities and complements World Benk and other donor activities to the energy sector. A. I.D.'s program stresses e policy dialogue on key energy issues under the exdating Energy Planning Assistance Project (608-0180). Through the transfer of computerized nodeling techniques and the building of a reliable data base, this project is helping the Ministry of Energy and Mines to rationalize energy Investments, review energy pricing structures, and promote efficient use of energy in key economic sectors. In collaboration with the World Bank and the COM, A.I.D. vill finance the preparation of a Household Energy Strategy in order to provide basic data for the first time on household energy supply and denand, which amounts to an estimated 50% of total energy use, and to develop a strategy for future policy actions. Results fron energy audits and energy conservation studies will help to identify the most productive interventions for the Energy Demand Mapa geneat Project (608–0193) proposed for m 1988. 196 655 MOROCCO Evaluations have played an laportant role in modifying the existing Conventional Energy Management and Training (608–0176) and Renewable Energy Development (608-0159) projects. In the former, A.I.D. has narrowed the project scope to stress exploration and promotion aspects as a necessary step to attracting private investment and joint venture partners to Morocco. As a result of the evaluation of the latter, the role of the Institution A. I.D. has helped to establish-national renewable energy center in Marrakech--18 nov strongly emphasizing the taportance of economic and technology assessment, and encouraging financially viable private sector opportunities for solar vater heaters and viod systems. Implemented under an agreement with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the Wlater Snowpack Augmentation Project (608-0190) 18 providing technical assistance, traloing, and equipment to Morocco's National Meteorological Service. The project le designed to enhance viater snowfall in the High Atlas Mountains, a primary source for several of Morocco's major water reservoirs, These reservoirs feed the irrigation systems on the adjacent plains, which are Morocco's bread basket, and are also a source of a large portion of Morocco's hydroelectric power and water for Industrial and commercial use. Private Sector Development: In 7 1986 A.I.D.', private sector activities shifted from examination and design to implementation. Through a $300,000 grant to Catholic Relief Services, A.I.D. is providing assistance to small businesses in Casablanca, Morocco's largest city and commercial capital. In addition, A.I.D. continues to provide technical assistance to firas through a $150,000 grant to the International Executive Service Corps (IESC). However, the most significant achievement in private sector develoment was the recent authorization of the Private Sector Esport Promotion Project (608-0189), designed after an in-depth examination of Morocco's export sector. This sector, which has showa impressive growth in recent years, provides essential foreign exchange, and offers significant employment in labor intensive industries. Other Activities: A major objective of the Mission's strategy 18 to upgrade GOM managerial, analytical and technical expertise through expanded participant training opportuaties. To that end the Sector Support Training Project_(608-0178) was initiated in FY 1983 for a six-year period. To reapond to the lacreased demand of the GOM for long-term and short-tera training in the United States, A.I.D. has extended the training project by four years to September 1993. In Its expanded for, the project provides additional long-tena graduate level training in the United States, approximately 550 short-ten training opportunities in the Vaited States and third countries, and 10-country training opportunities to more than 1000 individuals in the areas of management and appropriate science and technology. Related to efforts la national economic policy reform 1s the Housing Guaranty Progru and other ur ben activities to encourage mobilization of additional public and private sector resources at the municipal level. The objective of the urban development program is to laprove and decentralize urban management and budgeting processes in order to increase the contribution of urban areas 197 656 MOROCCO to Morocco's economic growth. An Urban Development Assessment completed la 1985 and several studies of 18sues such as urban planning and land tenure are expanding the analytical base for the development of progran options related to Morocco's rapid urbanization. willent 1-03 Ladt Dam BIO One critical need in the urban sector 18 the delivery of serviced urban land and shelter, especially for families below the nedian Iacone level. More than one-half of the annual growth of new urban dwellinge 18 in the fon of uncontrolled, unregulated, and under-serviced settlements. Slace GOM budgeted resources cannot begin to address this problem, the Housing Cuaranty Loan (HG-002) authorization of $17 million to attempting to generate beneficiary lavestments in low income housing and services by developing and laplementing cost recovery mechanisms 10 ten sluz upgrading and core housing sites. The Housing Guaranty Loan (HG-001) authorization of $25 million is intended to generate non-budgetary public resources for urban development. Various cost recovery mechanisms will be used to mobilize private Investment in upgrading an unregulated, under-serviced urban neighborhood in Tetouan. A key to success will be finding ways to encourage private development of adjacent vacant land that will be serviced and sold, simultaneously preventing future unregulated development. To accomplish these objectives, the grant-funded Tetouan Urban Development Project (608-0194) provides to the GOM implementing agencies technical assistance that focuses on municipal management and finance, infrastructure fidancing, and project managenent and budgeting at the municipal as well as national level. An FT 1987 supplemental request 16 being made for $10 alllon which will be used to complete funding of the Private Sector Esport Project (608–189) which was deferred by the FY 1986 shortfall and initiate the first phase of a new Cereals Marketing Restructuring Project (608–195) which will be designed to Increase Incentives for cereals products. See separate supplemental annex for detalls. PY 1988 Program Development Assistance In Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition, funds are needed to finance the continuation of the following projecta: Dryland Agricultural Applied Research (608–0136), Agronomic Institute T608-0160), and Planning, Bconomics and Statistics (608-0182). . . In Population, funds are needed for technical assistance, training, contraceptives and local costs, as well as support for child survival activities, under the Pantly Planning Support III Project (608-0171). In Education and Human Resources, funds are required for the expanded Sector Support Training Project (608-0178), which provides graduate level and short-ten technical training for Moroccans to study in U.S. and Third Country Institutions. In the Selected Development Activities account, funding for the energy Planning Assistance Project (608–180) will be continued. L 198 657 MOROCCO Economic Support Funds: Punds will be used by the A.I.D. Miasion in FY 1988 to continue funding for the Cereals Marketing Restructuring Project (608-0195) to be initiated with FY 1987 supplemental funds. Punds will also be used to augment the Econonic Policy Analysis Support Project (608–191). In addition A.I.D. plans to continue funding for the Energy Demand Managenent Project (608-193) laitiated in PY 1987. MISSION DIRECTOR: Charles W. Johnson 199 658 SURY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) 1 LOP PLANAO -THROUGH FYSS- CP 38 . I INITIAL FINAL OLI 5:760 در نهاد -3 sX-91760 ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYES- OLIS EXDEN- ATIONS OITURES ecונפ• -ESTIMATED FYLY- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY& OILIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1;? CULTU?!, PUDLEV. AND NUT?:7 IN 73 25.323 ??23 11.997 8.521 6,500 4,379 4,200 כס?,5 5,400 5.400 Ervarnicest jusqOVEMENT 95 5.375 9.073 S2C's 4,171 397 CC24 600 1,433 CC 2.200 3.500 95 OCS 1,300 1,600 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9.120 14,300 11,509 11.600 30.036 13,600 13.995 0,123 OCE95 11.300 --- 11,600 --- 7 7.220 9.220 9.219 9.147 --- --- --- 1 :: 1.1171 *ALLY PLANA: SUORT !:: 37 23. 170 17,990 7,123 1.995 4,200 2.4 3.000 092 1.500 6,200 TITIL OR ACCOUNT 000 4,260 1.500 6.200 --- 34?!Au FOX 45:4 1973 VER EAST 0220CM PCT NO. 4. TITL! :15-زب 22YLAND 134:CULTURE 4'?:) RESACA 2-21 . 00:- 15; 90 #WAL!!!RGY DIV!LOPMENT S7 7,200 6.419 3,402 1.100 1.000 :::::۱۰ S, ONOMI: INSTITUTO 3 23.08 28.505 15.976 12,686 CCZE 1,512 ככ?,1 261...? 3,500 3.733 3 4;?! CULTRAL PLANNING ? 12,357 12.967 4.635 :::::::ز 1.258 2.100 2.374 2.620 21.073 31.773 46,093 30,036 10,400 10.875 GRANS 81673 81,673 46,093 LOANS POPULATION PLANATO 65:-.135 3 ..I61. N:*; SJPPORT : 32.300 27.110 18,342 11,142 6,20 2.497 3.000 4,260 1.500 6. 200 ORANTS 32.393 27.110 18.362 11.142 4,200 2.49 LOANS ALIM 'notonia de 200 Cicert Yine dion - Arena in the wonde totore, we do the thoror on Dec 31,0FYA. 659 SURAY - ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) JURLAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST се 39 639 MOROC :) LFY OF PY OF INITIAL FINAL OBLIG JBLOG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LO PLANNED SUTH -THROUGM FY95- OLIG- !XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY$ 6- OSLIG 2 PIN- ATIONS DITUR! S -PROPOSED FY8&- DALIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED PY37- OSLIJ. SIEN- ATIONS DITURAS 161 2.426 35 2.635 ... 36 2.585 3,147 300 303 32 132 33 300 --- --- 1 30 247 247 1 89 2.558 --- --- --- LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 1,200 1.500 1,160 509 --- 2.000 --- 90 3.000 2.000 1.140 1,200 503 1.500 --- --- 2.300 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT .000 2.000 1.143 1,209 1,500 555 -0. OC --- --- --- LOANS --- DUCAT:0" AND HUMAN RESOURCES 5 105 --- 251 ASD 75 4 50 * 50 --- -- . --- --- --- --- 65 3,297 30 53 3.438 3.330 5.400 --- 201 --- 1.293 33 3) 1,500 8 1.550 1.500 STATISTICAL SERVICES 2.300 1.000 1,345 1.030 2.144 2.373 1,197 6.225 1 3 17.733 17,700 SECTOR SUPPORT TRAINING 609-0151 3 81 HEALTH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT 603-0178 ; 83 SECTOR SUPPORT TRAINING 2,935 2. SSB TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.935 3.447 GRANTS 2.935 2.995 3,447 609-0171 : SANILY PLANNING SUPPORT 111 2003 GRANTS 8,300 2.390 coj-9136 3 77 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH 603-3157 $70: SI2VICES TRAINING Ou:-0162 124 - زراد 'Men sa to pred teatamaryn 201 Caddy FY-A proposal the combined abito do before December 31, od on the whole con Home D31, the FY for abouton donepede. 660 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) EAU FOR 4914 AND NE42 EAST CP 38 MOROCCO 11 5,206 2.373 1.381 1.500 2,249 1.000 2.800 2.373 1,381 1.000 2.249 2.300 1.000 --- --- --- --- LCANS 35 2.130 2 500 573 870 1.135 509 970 6. 6.000 99 10 --- 30 16 --- --- --- ... 35 300 --- 41 --- 112 167 300 300 --- ܐܐܕ 79 --- .. --- --- 39 1,070 1.500 39 --- 930 1,230 1.640 59-011 ECONOMIC POLICY AVALY 33 SUPPORT 8.610 6600 ܕ ܕ ܙ-" - ܕ 92 --- --- 500 --- --- 240 503 500 --- 200 4 PETCUAN JABAY DEVELOD*3** 509 2.973 2.300 1.635 1.750 2.325 2.973 509 . -0 --- --- --- --- --- :: VOC JOPORTEN 7 155 --- --- --- 155 165 $2'-CLCS . AL COST) SUPORT --- --- 6,020 1,213 1.100 357 --- OO. 1.33 3175. :ذه > 5.320 1.000 ON TAL EN SY PROJECT NO. 1 INITIAL SINAL : OBLIG DILIG LO! PLANN: AJTM) -THROUGN FYS- OLIG- EADIN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS -ESTIMAT90 F787- LIS EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PY88 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FO2 ACCOUNT 23.530 25.350 11.613 GRANTS 6, 206 23.530 25.050 5!LECTED DEVELOPENT ACTIVIT:55 e-0100 ; 34 ENSAGY PLANNING 455ISTANCE OV-191 9! SEAC COS SMALL PROJECT FUN 210 135 6)137 3 99 59LL EXTE?PRISE DEVELOPMENT CP) 1.000 012- ذو i INT! SNOWPACK 1U MONTATOON 1.000 1.00 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 4.590 2.500 1.535 1.750 2.325 1-615 16,530 GRANTS 6,590 16.610 14.330 LOANS -.. 'Nonto the one 202 Colortonvity Yine potomco-Alcoholnih dubtere December 31, a bond thoro Porec 31, Yondant 661 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 88 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST - ESTIMATED FY87- 39LIG- EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES MOROCCO -THROUGM PYSS- OBLIG- EXDEN- ATIONS DITURES 05 LOP PLANNSD AUTHO FY OF FY 0 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBL!5 OULIG 660 391 1.360 1.049 1.500 2.015 55 1.084 95 1.500 1.500 4.000 4.000 --- --- 4,500 97 8.000 3,500 12.500 --- --- --- 900 87 16.000 16.000 1.000 --- PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORTI EXPORT 362 2.000 1 2.047 1.750 750 3.000 --- 5.000 5.000 --- --- --- --- 5.150 1,500 3.691 --- 99 95 1.319 7.000 --- --- 3.593 --- --- 5.000 6.900 37 99 --- --- --- 1,500 --- ... 2.500 10.550 2.533 07 L ENERGY DEMAND NANAGEMENT --- --- 3.569 5.000 7.000 37 90 --- 3 4.00) ... CEREALS NAPKETING RESTRUCTURING PROJECT ... --- --- 15.000 87 23 25.216 20.000 11.955 CEREALS MARKETIN; RESTRUCTURING PROJECT 2.639 23.30 16,436 5.716 8.500 3,260 7.931 3.565 71,615 30, 500 6.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.539 13,500 3.934 12.069 3,260 8.500 14.000 !.00 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 503-01B4 3 35 OROUGNT RECOVERY 603-9139 36 PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPORTI EXPORT PROMOTION L 503-0139 PROMOTION 633-0193 INTER SNOWPACK AUGMENTATION 603-0191 3 ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS SUPPORT 653-0193 ENERGI DEMAND MANAGEMENT 603-3193 603-0195 OB-0195 12.500 GRANTS 30.815 16,500 41.000 15.000 LOANS ondathored to to odprawy 203 Golden Yolden coton - Alcohemian on down before December 31, 1000 Permohdon December 31, 10th 11 dl final de la boda.pl 662 SUNTARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PROJECT NO. A TITLE LFY OF SY OF I IAIT AL FINAL G Olis SLIC CP 83 LOS PLANNE AUTM -THROUSM FY35- OBLIG- EXPEY- 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED FY37- 03LIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUROS -PROPOSED FYEB- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES COUNTRY TOTAL 37,496 35.000 69,989 204 Uitu FC ASI 4 ANNE ::ST 6): OCCO TOTAL 235,003 116,319 90,123 53,236 37.757 1,229 36.370 BaNT 3 93,123 53.238 25.457 194,003 162.310 41.030 15.000 19,227 LOANS 22.375 29,436 22.931 31,489 12.500 14.000 5.000 12.059 18.509 od PY 91, NY 1 663 Nepal 205 664 FV 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (367) NEPAL •BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 17.386 .TIBER PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 160 MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984)RICE & FOOD PRO. JUTE EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 6 (1984) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 7% (1984) 8 (1985) 6% (1985) 40 30% ANUAL PER CAPITA REAL ANP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 0.2% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 8.1% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MFD. CONS. GOOD, FUEL . CONSTRUC. MATLS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1977) 4.6% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) ( 1984) 2% (1984) 4 (1985) 1% (1985) 8 2% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 40.2 MALE 48.7 (1970) TOTAL 39.9 MALE 41.2 FEMALE 47.6 FEMALE 38.5 TRADE BALANCE ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -366(84) -272(85) -208 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1975) TOTAL 19% MALE 33% TRADING PARTNERS: INDIA , JAPAN , GERMANY, FEDER FEMALE 5% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 18.4% AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICF RATIO). (1984) ( 10 3.4% -1.2% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GOP ......... .(1983) 53% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 382 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.5% (1986) 1.9% (1978) 2.4% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) (1986) 7% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE . (1970) 6 ( 1986) SUBSISTENCE: RICE ,CORN , WHEAT 85% (1985) CASH: JUTE ,POTATOES ,OILSEEDS (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1981) 1.0% MAJOR AOR I CULTURAL EXPORTS:(1985) JUTE ,RICE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 43.7% (15-64YRS) 53.5% (65• VRS) 2.8% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1988) WHEAT .CORN .. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) IOG PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1980) 90% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. ( 1980) 30.062 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S WILLIONS, U.S.) OISEASE (1980) INTESTINAL INFEC, PULMONARY TUBERC, TYPHOID & FEVERS (1980) 216 (81) 262 (82) 274 DEATH.. i ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1900) 271 (81) 321 (82) 394 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1981) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) -50 (31) -59 (82) - 120 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) DEFENSE EXPENO I TURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENOITURES. (1980) 6.7% (1) 6.5% (82) 5.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF ONP. (1979) 0.9% (80) 0.9% (01) 0.9% PRIMARY., (1982) TOTAL 58.8 MALE 83.6 FEMALE 33.0 SECONDARY... (1982) TOTAL 10.0 MALE 12.3 FEMALE 2.4 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 2.4 MALE 3.6 FEMALE 1.0 (SNILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) 140 (04) 66 (85) 62 EQUIVALENT TO 1.2 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1906) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1904) 206 19. TOTAL $17.01 665 NEPAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 16,139 13,000 FY 1988 (Request) 13,000 Development Assistance Loan Grunt 16,139 13,000 13,000 Economic Support Fund Loon Grant Other TOTALS 16,139 13,000 13,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 TOTALS 16,139 13,000 13,000 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 Category FY 1988 SAstuall (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 20.0 20.2 19.0 Foreign National 41.0 40 0 40.0 IQIALS 61.0 60.2 59.0 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excew property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA: FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actuell (Estimated) TC Total А T Total FY 1988 (Request) T A Total ਇੰਝ 26 47 7 17 24 Category A5 V.S. Participants Bilaterald 21 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald 228 Regional 5 25 30 53 281 40 44 84 47 72 119 TOTALS 249 79 328 alu-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryover still in training from the 47 61 108 52 97 149 Technical: non-degree seeking, d'Participants funded under bilateral programu Participants funded under regional programs (ego, CLASE AMDP). prior TY. bAcademic: degree reking. AID 370-2) 207 666 NEPAL Introduction TE Nepal's per capita income of $160 a year places it with the least developed countries of the world. Poverty is the norm and for the typical Nepali this means a subsistence level existence and a life expectancy of only 48 years. Less than 200 of adults and only 58 of women can read and write. Nepal's problems are aggravated by its difficult terrain and, until the mid-1950s, its self-imposed isolation from the outside world. Severe deficiencies in transportation, communications and other public utilities further limit the development of the national economy. Nepal is a small country, about 500 miles long and 100 miles wide, but encompasses an imposing diversity of topography, climates, cultures, languages, and religions. Historically, the desire to forge national unity has resulted in Government policies that maintained centralized control. Recently, however, with encouragement of the foreign assistance community, Nepal 18 reviewing these policies and taking steps to decentralize government administration and to liberalize its economy through structural reform. 11 . PANA W Agriculture dominates Nepal's economy, employing about 90% of the economically active population. However, in the absence of improved production technology and with high seasonal underemployment, agriculture accounts for only 538 of gross domestic product. Ensuring an adequate food supply for a rapidly growing population is Nepal's most immediate and pressing need. Nepal's population exceeds 17 million and is growing at an annual rate of 2.40. Unless this rapid population growth rate can be reduced, much of Nepal's development effort will be nullified. Population pressure has had a destructive effect on Nepal's natural environment. An overwhelming dependence on fuelwood and the search for arable land has resulted in severe deforestation. The growing demand for fuelwood, timber and fodder far exceeds sustainable annual plantings and natural regeneration. A goal of the Government of Nepal (GON) Seventh Pive Year Plan (1985-1990) 18 to achieve continued improvement in living conditions in line with a directive from the King to attain Asian basic human needs standards by the year 2000. In the short-term, the GON 18 undertaking significant macroeconomic reform measures in conjunction with assistance from the INP and the World Bank. The long-term objective of improved living conditions will require more effective efforts to raise food production; increase the supply of fuelwood; expand access to family planning and primary health services; and improve primary and skill-based education. The magnitude and complexity of the task far exceeds the resources of the GON. A.I.D.'s program in Nepal fully supports these aims and is designed to foster the conditions essential to sustainable economic growth, including a greater the to 208 667 NEPAL private sector contribution. To these ende A.I.D. will assist the GON in planning and managing development programs at the national level and support both governmental and PVO programs at the local level in specified areas. Nepal's landlocked position between India and China, together with its historical links with both countries, makes it a key buffer state. Nepal's foreign policy stresses nonalignment and moderation and is favorable to American regional and global interests. A stable and independent Nepal is important to regional security in South Asia. U.S. economic assistance fosters the economic development essential to these conditions, A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.1.D. program in Nepal addresses basic human needs, and encourages economic growth through a market oriented economy as the foundation for sustained improvement in living standards. A.I.D. objectives which respond to goals set forth in the GON'S Seventh five-Year Plan are to increase agricultural productivity and rural income; improve management of natural resources; and broaden access to basic services such as health care, family planning and education. A.I.D. seeks an expanded role for private initiative in each of these endeavors. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: The 1.1.D. agriculture sector program supports GON efforts to improve natural resource management and provide technology for more efficient food production. The most urgent needs in Nepal are for increased food supply and reduced soil erosion and deforestation. The Agricultural Research and Production project (367-0149) 18 identifying and introducing new agricultural technologies to improve yields, including improved seeds and varieties, and changes in cropping patterns and farming systems. Other A.I.D./GON projects train technical manpower in agricultural skills and strengthen agricultural education and research institutions. For example, the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science II project (367-0148) has assisted the only school in Nepal for advanced education in the agricultural sciences since 1974. By 1986, the Institute had graduated 568 Bachelor of Science agriculturalists and trained 5, 235 extension agents. Porests provide more than 958 of Nepal's rural energy needs, nearly 251 of the fodder needs of livestock, and virtually all domestic timber requirements. Porests are also crucial in watershed protection and erosion control. Hence, 1.1.D. emphasizes forestry in its agriculture portfolio. The new Reforestation Initiative (367-0156) tests fast growing multipurpose trees through research on species/site interaction and establishment of nurser ies and demonstration plots. Also, in support of GON privatization initiatives A.1.D. is financing analytic studies of two public sector forest products enterprises to identify potential management improvements and private sector alternatives. An PY 1986 evaluation of the Resource Conservation and Utilization (RCU) project (367-0132) recommended that 1.1.D. design two follow-on activities; :! 209 668 NEPAL 3 a major institutional support project and a tightly focused watershed management/forestry activity in the hill regions. The GON'S Seventh Plan estimates a need for an additional 3,000 trained foresters/natural resource managers by 1990. The evaluation noted that 1.1.D. assistance in this area would have a very significant impact on natural resource management in Nepal for decades to come. The new Institute of Porestsy project (367-0154) will expand Nepal's capacity to meet the need for trained foresters and resource managers. A Bill Forestry Development project (367-0158) is presently under design for initiation in PY 1988. 3 3 1 H The Rural Area Development - Rapti Zone project (367-0129), concluding in PY 1987, achieved considerable progress in strengthening local capacity to plan and implement development activities. It also helped increase local access to and use of national service systems. Almost 100 small rural works were constructed, and roads were opened to three hill districts. The recent Rapti evaluation noted that although the project did not achieve all its objectives, substantial progress had been made in local institutional development, agriculture infrastructure and natural resource management; these are essential foundations for the follow on Rapti Development project (367-0155) now in design. Population and Health: In health, the Integrated Rural Health/Panily Planning Services project (367-0135), concentrates on expanding the availability and increasing the impact of GON services for family planning and for reducing zorbidity/mortality among children and women of reproductive age. Child Survival grant funds bave expanded coverage of basic child survival services, particularly immunization. 1.1.D.'s family planning strategy focuses on creating demand for and assuring ready access to safe and supportable means of contraception. A highly successful element of that strategy has been the establishment of a private commercial retail sales program for the dissenination of contraceptives and oral rehydration salts through more than 10,000 retailers, A.1.D.'s population strategy stresses improved awareness of the determinants and consequences of rapid population growth in Nepal, and encouragement of policies and programs that incorporate population considerations into government programming in other sectors. Small scale, intensive systems for child health and family planning services in rural areas are being tested by a Private Voluntary Organization, Save the Children, with funding fron the PVO Co-Pinancing project (367-0144). Education and Human Resources: The 1.1.D. education program ains at higher instructional quality at the primary school level and sounder management and decision-making processes at the policy level. The Radio Education Teacher Training II project (367-0146) is expanding pilot radio broadcasts as a cost effective means of improving the knowledge and skills of primary school teachers. As of 1986, the project had reached 6,700 teachers, and 1,500 more participate annually in the project. 210 669 NEPAL Auman resources development in key sectors in aupported under the Development Training project (367-0152). During this project, over 400 Nepalese will be selected for training in the United States, Israel and various Asian countries. During FY 1986, 82 individual training programs were arranged; 72 more are planned for PX 1987. Twenty-five percent of all such training slots are reserved for women and 10$ for private sector participants. The project also provides funding to the local private sector to conduct administration and management training courses. Recent 4.1.D. initiatives have focused on ways to strengthen the indigenous private sector, Por example, A.I.D.-funded seminars, bringing together American and Nepali entrepreneurs, have sought to stimulate foreign investment in Nepal. In addition, A.I.D. recently financed technical studies to strengthen Nepal's fledgling financial markets. Private sector initiatives will continue to be encouraged as a mainstay of the A.I.D. portfolio in Nepal. PY 1988 Program Development Assistance grant funds requested for PY 1988 will provide final year funding for three projects, incremental funding for five projects and initial year funding for two new projects. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: FY 1988 will be the final year of funding for the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science II project (367-0148). This project, cofinanced with the World Bank, takes advantage of earlier progress in improving the Institute's training capability, physical facilities, curricula, policies and program content. Utah State University, the Title XII implementing institution, will continue to help the school achieve the institutional capacity to train professional agriculturalists and extension agents. Pirst year funding is requested for the Hill Forestry Development project (367-0158), a field activity to support watershed management. Implementation will take place in small watershed areas of the eroding aiddle hills regions consistent with the capability and resources of the GON. The project will also involve local people in community forestry programs, The Irrigation Management project (367-0153) will continue support for more efficient and equitable use of vital water resources for agriculture, Training, research and on-farm activities are encouraging cooperation between Nepal's private and public irrigation sectors and contributing to improved irrigated agricultural practices. Recurrent cost implications and cost recovery methods will continue to receive attention under this project. Additional funding is also requested for the Rapti Development project (367-0155), an institution building local development project focused on technology transfer in agriculture and forestry. Approximately 20 Peace Corps Volunteers with various specialties will continue to be involved with project activities as field advisors in the more remote areas of the Rapti Zone, 211 670 NEPAL The Agricultural Research and Production project (367-0149) will continue to strengthen agricultural research, seek more effective extension methods, and expand private sector seed production and distribution in the hilla. The project aims to increase the flow of improved agricultural production technology specifically to small farmers. -5) SN Population and Health: Initial funding is requested in PY 1988 for the Child Survival and Paaily Planning Services project (367-0157), to expand availability to Nepal's disadvantaged population of the most important child survival and family planning services, These include immunization, oral rehydration therapy, reduction in mortality from acute respiratory infection, birth spacing and surgical contraception. The expansion of private sector marketing channels for family planning and oral rehydration commodities will be supported. The project will continue initiatives established with Child Survival Punds added to the Integrated Rural Health/Pamily Planning project (367-0135), which ends in PY 1988. Education and Buman Resources Development: During PY 1988 Development Training project (367-0152) will send an additional 72 participants to the United States and various Asian countries for training in key development professions, 309 Mission Director: Dave Wilson ***ះ * -ះ។ • *េះ 212 671 SUMMARY OF CIN ACTIVE ANO TNOUS ANOS OF DOLLARS) PROPOSED PROJECTS OUR CAU POR ASIA AND NEAR SAST 367 NEPAL EY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIS OBLIS LOP PLANNED AUTM PROJECT NO. AND TITL! -THROUGN PY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY97- LIS- EXPEN- #TIONS JITUPES -ACTUAL PY35- OBLIO EXPEN- ATIONS JITUR: 5 -PROS! YES- LI7- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS 2.700 15,413 69-533 0 - 87 - 22 23.199 97 24.000 26.700 910 1,43 1955 21.067 3.000 22.583 30 98 27,693 27.698 ANO UTILIZATION 133 --- 520 SO 1.419 1.136 3 91 39 1,919 1,725 400 00 1.110 1,013 1.045 130C --- 1.010 55 36 4,109 4.10C -- 1,200 95 37 1), J10 10.00 431 --- 67 ?5 750 95 ? 750 790 752 ? 2,099 1,500 157 650 1.530 : 95 ) 9,90 7.000 1,909 850 --- 550 1,033 ; 2 9,370 --- --- --- ... 1.637 975 1.550 1.909 i 27 23.020 Pal-3155 RAPTI DEVELOPMENT --- 1.900 250 --- 55 10,000 נכי,9 13,141 12,925 7302 37616 9.251 63,666 7,29* 9,251 37,516 --- --- --- --- --- LOAS 213 on toto Dec 31, obod and dried to D91,10 edas. AGRICULTURE RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION 1.700 3.5) 1.101 2.397 367-0129 3 30 RURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT-RAPTI ZONE SI? כככ,1 387-0132 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND 367-014 SVO CO-FINANCIX: 357-5168 3 INSTITUT! OF A: 44) ANO**L SCIENCE II 2.13) 2.300 1,990 2.533 1.101 307-0149 3 AGRICULTURAL RISSAPC4 AX PRODUCTION 367-0152 DEVELOPMENT TRAINING 307-0153 IRRIGATION MANAJINT 307-0186 INSTITUTE OF FOR! 57*Y 307-0136 - ILL FORESTAL DEVELOPENT TOTAL STR ACCOUNT 117,057 79,775 2,71? 17,341 63.666 320NT5 117.047 77.73 POPUL 110 PLANIN; horny fudence NY- Athe 672 --- 1.326 7 113 1,946 2.323 16. 200 16.200 97 30 11.030 2.100 2.074 1.699 2,711 1.027 . 97 --- --- 100 200 100 799 1.250 10,000 .-- 83 --- --- --- --- 1,500 --- 350 10.067 2.100 1,812 1.229 2.818 1,500 2.524 DOO --- 80 37 15,651 10,287 1.650 2.466 1.699 2.900 --- 2.460 19.000 19.000 89 543 395 31 175 --- 226 79 300 100 1.018 1.025 15.000 56 --- --- --- --- 1.350 300 - 367-0157 CHILD SURVIVAL & PANILY PLANNING SVCS. 1.825 2.688 1.699 1.650 3.300 2.539 O --- --- SUVLY 06 4CTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJ:15 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BLEAU FOR SIN CP 88 ܐܘܪ NEPAL PROJECT NO. 465 !! FY Yo II!1:ALIVAL DL3 いや ​>L:: -THROUGM FYSS. OL", EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYO. OSLI EXIN ATIONS DITUROS -ESTI 141! FY37- OLI • EXPON- 4TIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ۷۴؟ ۲:۷:02، دکم 337-C155 ; OPULAT 367-13 ; INTEGRATED RURAL HEALTH/ SERVICES 3.1-C144 PVO CO-FINANCING 307-3157 NILO SURVIVAL SPANILY PLANNING SYCS. TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16.976 10.967 2.100 1,812 1.229 2.116 1.500 2.524 23.945 19.450 GRANTS 14.976 28.945 19,450 LOANS MEALTH 367-0135 G INTEGRATED RURAL MEALTH/FP SERVICES 367-0144 PVO CO-FINANCING 16.194 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.682 1.825 2.499 1.699 2.539 1.650 3.300 35.013 20.025 GRANTS 10,682 16.196 35.018 20.025 LOANS EDUCATION AND MUNAN !! SOURCES 214 don -Ahow into con botere Do 31. 1000 on the thor Po 01, 100 Yone 673 SUNNARV O ACTIVE ANO PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLA25) CP : -PROPOSED PY- OBLIC EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES BUREAU POR ASIA ANO NEAR EAST - ESTIMATE FY87- OBLI:- PEN- STIONS DITURES - ACTUAL FY66- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUCH FY 33 - OBLIGEXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 290 367 NEPAL LOP PLANNED SUTH L FY OF SY OF INITIAL FINAL OILIO 33LIS 23 127 $91 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 374 --- --- 121 1,619 2.120 2.120 --- 97 6 --- 550 650 574 500 1.350 1,350 530 SS 32 370 250 940 650 35 90 5.553 5.550 1.020 627 32? 744 960 121 450 2.463 1.020 621 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9.220 9.220 629 744 121 2.443 --- LOANS --- 215 --- 75 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 536 170 --- S21 23 85 630 630 372 --- . STRENGTMENING THE LEGAL SISTEN OP NEPAL 2.125 . --- --- 570 2.125 2.125 36 36 537 --- FORESTRY INITIATIVES 75 2,219 170 $70 536 537 2.755 2.755 20 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 75 2.219 170 536 17,999 59.556 92.815 --- LOANS 357-0146 RADIO EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING II 307-0151 3 SIPLS' ACCESS TO EDUCATION 3 367-3152 DEVELOPMENT TRAINING GRANTS 9.220 9.220 367-0150 367-0156 GRANTS 2.755 2.755 17,479 LOANS 13,909 12.535 15.000 16,139 59,556 17675 52.315 13.303 17,939 193.005 131,223 13.000 TOTAL 12,536 COUNTRI TOTAL 16.137 . GRANT 3 193.005 131.223 'Retent to projeto 215 Cudorty Y of fine dion - A project the momento tow beton Dedor 31, Redmonton of December 31, the offrono 674 AR NEPAL Tide 8111 Porestry Development Project Funding Souro PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD IN Health $1,000 FY 1988 $1,000 ED. & HR Sel. Act Inids Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION fethod of dolore Life of Project Funding 10.000 Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project Population FY 1982 FY 1994 FY1995 PURPOSE: To increase forestry production and strengthen private and community management of forest resources in three hill districts of Nepal. 1) reinforcing local and national forest and natural resource management capabilities; 2) helping to achieve self-reliance in food production and agricultural productivity; 3) meeting energy and multipurpose product requirements; and 4) expanding self-sustaining private sector forestry initiatives. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project progresses from the infrastructure developed and the work undertaken by the Resource Conservation and Utilization Project (367-0132) and will capitalize on experience from numerous other community forestry projects in Nepal. The project will concentrate on developing programs that will be self-sustaining at the local level by selecting communities and individuals with an active interest in forestry to determine sites for project implementation. It will also carefully monitor and evaluate implementation progress to modify the project strategy as necessary. This strategy involves turning over existing forests to local communities in order to incorporate traditional village forest management practices. HOST COUNTRY AND OTHER DONORS: Forestry and resource conservation are given prominent attention in Nepal's current Pive Year Plan A Master Plan for the forestry sector is currently being prepared with Asian Development Bank assistance. The World Bank funded UNDP/PAO 111 and Terai Community Forestry projects are examples of major forestry initiatives by other donors. The Asian Development Bank, Switzerland, Australia, Great Britain and a number of PVOs, are among the other donors assisting Nepal in forestry projects. The main elements of the project will include: village programs in community forestry, private forestry, and agroforestry, District forestry support programs such as nurseries and seed collection and distribution; and multi-District programs in extension, training, monitoring and evaluation. BENEPICIARIES: Small farmers will benefit from increased production of fuelwood, fodder, small timber and other forest products on their farms and from private and community-owned forest lands. As women are the principal collectors, users, and processors of forest products, special attention will be given during project design and implementation to including them in extension, monitoring, and community management systems. RELATIONSEIP OP THE PROJECT TO A.1.D STRATEGY: This project supports the improved natural resource management and institution building objectives of A.I.D. Also, because Eorestry activities have a direct impact on rural households and on the sustainability of agricultural and livestock production systems in the hills, the project is an important component of A.I.D.'s agricultural strategy. The project addresses all of the primary action thrusts' for bilateral forestry projects outlined in the Agency's Forestry Strategy: Expenditure Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Futuro Year Olgatione Propond Fics You MAJOR OUTPUTS: Increased forestry production and strengthened private and community management of forest resources (to be quantified during project design). A.1.D. - PINANCED INPUTS: Life-of-Project (5000) Technical Assistance To be deternined Commodities Training Operating costs sualuation Principal Contractors of Agencies Unblouldete Erimated Tote Cost 10.000 216 367-0158 29 NEW K7 GRANTO LOAN CONTINUANO U. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation 1988 1.000 9.000 AD 3707 (113) .. pa we Out 1 YI I. 675 PLENEC NO, RON Y CHCET moro O ONLIGATON NO FY 1988 $2,850 (1350 Healtoddin 1,350 Child Survival and Family Planning Services 10000 POP 15,000 Healt as la part ED. INR Initiatiedon Population 1,500 CONTALANG hold FY 1995 FY 1988 FY 1994 LOM PURPOSE: to expand availability to Nepal's disadvantaged population of the most important child survival and family planning services, especially i Reunization, oral rehydration theraphy (ORT), acute respiratory infection (ARI) detection and treatment, birth spacing and surgical contraception. BENEPICIARIES: An increasing percentage of families with rellable access to the basic services of imunization, ORT, acute respiratory infection detection and treatment, birth spacing, and surgical contraception. f PROJECT DESCRIPTION : The burdens of high mortality rates, short life expectancy, heavy morbidity and high fertility on Nepal's population are among the most severe in the world. These factors result from and contribute to the low level of socio-economic developaent. HOST COUNTRY AND OTHER DONORS: The GON is comaitted to broaden access to health/family planning services. Resource linitations make universal access impossible, but along with the GON and A.1.D., UNICEF and UNFPA are committing funds to increase the percentage of the population covered by basic services. Major Outputs: Although the majority of the population will have to rely on the public sector for basit services for some time to come, there is potential for increasing private sector involvement in delivery of some services (access to temporary contraceptives and ORS). 408 of the national cohort of children 1-5 receiving basic immunizations; 304 routinely receiving ORT for episodes of diarrhea; 25 with reasonable access to adequate quality treatment for life-threatening ARI) 300 national contraceptive prevalence National malaria training and research center functioning at near capacity. This project will work with existing service delivery sections of the Ministry of Health to enlarge coverage with immunization, ORT, ARI mortality reduction, birth spacing and surgical contraception. This will involve basic commodities, Bonitoring, field operations, and contraceptives. Marketing of ORS and contraceptives will be expanded through private networks. Modest inputs into the national malaria control program will also be included. A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs: Liftof-Protect ( $000) 4,000 4,000 2,000 1,000 200 13, 800 Technical Assistance Commodities (including contraceptives) Training Construction Evaluation Operating costs/Local Cost Support RELATIONSHIP OF PROJECT TO A.1.D. STRATEGY: The project purpose is to reduce infant/child mortality through the provision of basic, cost-effective services. The project will make available a full range of family planning services from which couples can choose. Principal Contractor or Agenda U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, Esumated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Futun Y Obligations 22 150 Estimated Total Cort 25.000 Propond Fiscal Yes 1986 2,850 217 NEPAL 367-0157 | cc AD 3707 (11-06) 676 Oman 219 " POPULATION C TOUARDS.RO ON FUN Sono TNI TOT Is 1904) 677 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (272) OMAN COUNTRY: •BASIC DATA • FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 1. 189 MAJOR EXPORTS ( 1984 )PETROLEUM AGRICULT. GOODS PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 6.490 EXPORTS TO U.S. 340 (MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) (1984) 135 (1985) 6.1% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 7% (1983) 9% (1984) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 16.4% 'MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MACHINERY . TRANSP, EQUIP. .NFRD. GOODS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( . % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S'MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 192 (1984) 208 (1983) 176 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 10% (1983) 9% (1984) (1986) TOTAL 54.4 MALE 53.1 FEMALE 55.9 (1970) TOTAL 45.1 MALE 44.0 FEMALE 46.3 TRADE BALANCE ( $ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 1.840(83) 1.895(84) 1.181 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( .) TOTAL .% MALE . FEMALE .% TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 17.2% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 214 .) X AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) ( 1984) 5.2% (1986) 3. 18 • SOCIAL DATA 2.9% (1978) POPULATION GROWTH RATE... (1970) 2x 27% (1984) ( 1981) (1970) 5% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP 105 POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .. (1970) 7 (1986) 7 SUBSISTENCE : DATES , BANANAS ,COCONUTS 49% (1985) CASH: TOMATOES , ALFALFA ,LIMES 33% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) LIMES .DATES ,MELONS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.3% (15-64YRS) $2.0% (65+ YRS) 2.77 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) MEATS ,RICE WHEAT INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 114 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1982) 61% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 1.679 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1980) MALARIA . INTESTINAL INF. . INFLUENZA-GRIPPE (1982) 2,899 (83) 3,255 (84) 3,516 DEATH.. ( . ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENO ING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1982) 3,544 (83) 3.957 (84) 4,520 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -645 (83) -702 (84) -1.004 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1976) 32% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1982) 47.5% (83) 49.1% (84) 46.6% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP .... (1982) 24.4% (83) 27.6% (84) 27.7% PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 67.6 MALE 82.7 FEMALE 52.0 SECONOARY (1982) TOTAL 20.4 MALE 19.6 FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 0.7 MALE 0.9 FEMALE (SNILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 838 (84) 976 (85) 1, 166 EQUIVALENT TO 3. 1 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. .(1984) 283) 220 . 6.8 0.4 678 OMAN Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actua). (Estimated) FY 1988 (Raquest) Development Assistance Loan Grant Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 19,556 14,556 5,000 20,000 14,935 5,065 20,000 15,000 5,000 TOTALS 19,556 20,000 20,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 TOTALS 19,556 1/ 20,000 2/ 20,000 1/ FY 1986 total excludes $491 thousand in ESF local costs support. abo 2/ FY 1987 total includes $65 thousand in ESF local costs support, and $5 million in the FY 1987 supplemental request. See supplemental annex for detail. 為​身 ​1090 Het PERSONNEL DATA- MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 86 FY 87 FY 88 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Raquest) U.S. National 6 6 Foreign National TOTALS a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exceu property, and TC personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. top STE PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 86 FY 87 FY 88 00 R A5 it TC - Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total А т Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 120 26 146 170 200 370 175 300 475 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale TOTALS 120 26 146 170 200 370 300 475 ain-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryoveri still in training from the dParticipante funded under bilateral programa prior FY. b Academic: degree seeking Participant funded under regional programs lengan CLASP AKDPA AID 370-2 (880) 175 221 679 OMAN Introduction Prior to 1970, Oman was an isolated, undeveloped country, lacking physical Infrastructure and social services. Sixteen years under Sultan Qaboos have provided Oman with an impressive network of roads, port facilities and airports, a school enrollment of more than 250,000 children, and over 130 health facilities throughout the country. 011 has been the basis of Oman's rapid growth and the major source of its foreign exchange, accounting for 90% of export earnings in 1985. Lower world ofl prices have reduced the Government's revenue greatly. In response the Government has reduced public expenditures and obtained external financing through commercial Eurodollar loans. In addition the Government sandated a reduction of recurrent budget expenditures and scaled down its new Five-Year Development Plan. Oman faces a number of difficult development problems: reduced oil revenue; the need to create productive sectors of the economy to replace the oil sector as the chief foreign exchange earners (oil resources are nou projected to be exhausted by the early part of the next century); the sbort supply of Omani skilled manpower in all sectors (foreiga skilled labor accounts for a substantial share of public and private sector eaployment); the need to spread the benefits of development to the entire population; and the need to conserve water resources while exploiting those resources for development. In the face of declining public resources Oman is hopeful that the fisheries sector can begin to earn foreign exchange through private sector exports while providing an improved livelihood to traditional Onani fishermen. Education 18 a top government priority to create the skilled labor pool of Omanis who wil eventually replace expatriate workers. Qaboos University opened in 1986, and a country wide school construction program 1s underway. Baxpansion of health care to rural areas has included an emphasis on maternal and child health. The rational development and management of scarce water resources are also top development priorities. Strategically located on the Arabian Peninsula, Oman commands the southern side of the Straits of Hormuz and borders na jor oil-producing countries. Slace much of the world's oil trade passes through these vaters, the United States has a vital interest in maintaining free passage through the Straits and preserving the economic and political stability of the countries in the region. In 1980, Oman agreed to allow the United States access to certain Omani alitary facilities under mutually agreed conditions, thereby enhancing the United States' ailitary response capability in Southwest Asia. Among Arab states, Onan has generally been supportive of President Sadat's historic visit to Jerusales and the Camp David Accords. Onan has continued to support a L 222 680 OMAN peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict and King Hussein's efforts to achieve peace. During the negotiation of the Military Access Agreement la 1980, the United States and Oman created the Omani-American Joint Commission for Technical and Economic Cooperation. Under the terms of the agreement establishing the Joint Commission, the United States agreed to provide, subject to Congressional authorization and appropriation, an annual grant to support the operations and technical assistance activities of the Joint Commission and, in addition, loan assistance to finance developmeat projects. The Government of Oman has contributed equal or greater amounts to the Joint Commission's projects. Both the Joint Commission and the projecte 10 sponsors provide tangible evidence to the Omani people of the benefits of Oman's relationship with the United States. 省​民​E是​是​三​資​蛋蛋​三​色​复​自在 ​A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Q 43 3 11 The ability of the Government of Oman to continue ita constructive role lo regional and International affairs depends on its continued progress in developing the country's economy and meeting the needs of its people. A.I.D.'s development assistance strategy 18 to support Onani development objectives through a program of technical assistance and capital expenditures focusing on the country's priority problems: the scarcity of water, the dearth of skilled Omanis, and the need to develop alternatives to petroleum as generators of foreign exchange. A.I.D.'s activities in Oman are programmed and managed by the Omani-Anerican Jolot Commission. The Joint Commission has two co-chairmen, the U.S. Ambassador to Oman and the Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs. An Onani official 18 the Managing Director, and his counterpart 18 the A.I.D. Representative. Five additional A.I.D. staff work on the Joint Comaission's staff of 12, assisting in project development, laplementation, and Joint Commission management. To assist in developing Onani human resources, the Scholarships and Training Project will finance approximately 200 undergraduate and 100 graduate students in education, health, agriculture, fisheries, engineering, accounting, economics, lav, and business administration. One hundred and twenty-three Omanis are now studying in the United States under this project. Short-ter, skill-specific plans are being developed for training approxiaately 800 government employees in the areas of education, health, information, fisheries and water resources. The Jolat Commission has used the manpower assessments and training plans developed under this project to discuss with senior government officials tralaing, personnel policies and manpower development priorities in each of these sectors. 1 The School Construction Project 18 expanding enrollment and improving the uality of existing school facilities by financing the construction or upgrading of 88 schools throughout the country. Fifty of these schools are already completed and in use. When this work to completed, 1 223 681 OMAN approximately 32,000 children wu have access to laproved primary and internediate schools. The participation of females continues to grow. Girls currently constitute 42% of prinary school students and 32% of intermediate school students. The country's fisheries resources have the potential to become a significant source of foreign exchange as well as laproving the livelihood of a large number of Omani fishermen. Under the Plsheries Developnent Project, A.I.D. 18 funding over 700 person months of technical assistance to assist the Government of Oman to develop its capacity to manage its fisheries resources, foster the responsible use of fisheries resources by traditional fishermen and private sector firms and improve the productivity of the fishermen. An evaluation of the project recommended a restructuring of the technical assistance team to broaden the range of services provided. A statistics program 18 developing a comprehensive data base for the fisheries sector to develop conservation and management policies. An extension program has trained extension agents and 18 introducing modern fishing technology and practices in nearly 200 fishing villages. A marketing progran 18 developing a strategy to increase domestic consumption of fish and Increase foreign exchange earnings by promoting export of Omani fish to regional markets. A tean of six advisors fron Oregon State University (OSU) 18 assisting in the operation of a newly-constructed Marine Science and Fisheries Center, OSU will develop an applied research program that will contribute to formulating effective policies governing Oman's fisheries. The Joint Coma ission has engaged the Ministry of Agriculture and Plsheries la policy discussions concerning the management of Oman's Extended Economic Zone and the development of infrastructure to encourage commercial fishing and Omani private sector investment in the fisheries sector. In the water resources sector, the recently completed Wadi al-Khand aquifer recharge dan vill help conserve Oman's scarce vater resources and help stop the salt water intrusion created by overpumping of freshwater aquifers for agricultural use. The dam will allow rain water that normally runs off to the sea to percolate through the earth to groundwater aquifers. A system to monitor the groundwater aquifer will be completed shortly. This system will provide data on the lapact of the dan that can be used in designing similar structures. The Water Resources Development Project, authorized in FY 1986, addresses Oman's need to ensure a safe and reliable supply of water to meet the needs of the people and the planned development of the country. The first phase of the project focuses on laproving the Capital Area water supply system and preparing studies required for the long-term development of the country's ground water resources. 2 224 682 OMAN In response to A.I.D.'s worldwide commitment to promote child survival, the Comaission has undertaken several activities in the health sector. A.I.D. provides technical assistance to assisting the Oman government to develop a child survival strategy as part of its Five Year Plan. A short course in conducting oral rehydration therapy training for Omant nurse trainers was completed. A survey of Infant and child mortality is underway. Prellainary results of the survey suggest that infant and child mortality has decreased from 120 to 60 per 1000 through hospital-based curative prograns. Since these programs have high recurrent costs to the Government of Oman, the Joint Commission plans to encourage a shift in Oman's health sector priorities from curative to preventative interventions to reduce the financial burden on the Government. 1988 Program In FY 1988, grant funds and loan funds are requested to finance projects and activities of the Joint Commission. The grant-funded Omani-Anerican Joint Commission (272-0101) project will continue to support the Ploheries Development and Scholarships and Training Subprojects. This project will also finance short-term technical assistance activities that foster the transfer of 0.s. technology and strengthen 0.s. -Omani ties. A small portion of the grant funds will support the operations of the Joint Commission. The loan will be the third in a series that finances the Water Resources Development Project (272-0104). The loan will fund water resources plaming and the provision of laproved water and wastewater facilities la Oman's smaller towns and villages. This load lacludes $5 aillion from the FY 1987 supplemental. See separate supplemental annex for detalls. AID REP: F. Gary Towery 225 683 SUSARY ACTIVE AND PRO OSLO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) C! S6 -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3U Foi 5:44! *ST -ESTINATED FY87- bel:9- SXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OSLI:- EXPEN" ATIONS TURES -THROUG FY3S- OBLIG- EXPON- 4TIONS DITURES 272 LO" PLANNED AUTHO FY 3 F F IP!T!ALINAL OLIU OLI 3 PR:CT NO. 4D TITLE 65 6S 8,000 5.000 ::ONOMIC 5jPORT JN 9,440 65 5.000 37 97 0 9.171 5.000 3.925 272-LCs LOC. COSTS 500398 25.03 --- --- C 59.000 30.000 227 . 301 27.-31.1 41-44-ICAN JOINT :44:55:) 6.972 7.500 --- 7.593 7.500 32 22 10.680 L 16.33 :::::ں دو ده هو :::::ة 9,000 27-01 9.000 15,000 37.500 כככ,2 16.935 ?:Cya; 39 37.500 37.523 *3 L 14,556 272-01:3 30-00L CONSTRUCTION 17,987 20.000 75.000 75,90 27,412 21.-01. .AT:R 35CURCES DEVELOPMENT 22.305 20.000 21.397 19.556 5.000 8.000 73.000 8.305 5065 17.305 150.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9,171 9.987 15.000 5003 5.925 13.907 25.000 16.935 17.134 16.556 GRANTS 15,972 50.355 30. 30C 120,000 123.330 45,000 17,987 LCANS 20.000 27,412 20.003 19.556 22.305 8.000 21.997 5,009 73.000 8.555 170.055 130.000 5.065 9.987 TOTAL 5,171 COJSTRY TOTA: 15.000 5.000 5.925 18,907 14,935 25,000 17,134 14.556 GRANTS 15.072 50.055 30.000 123,000 122.330 65.000 LOSYS 'noton to the planned project way 226 Coolettory FY of final boton sohom - All project in this show with initial obligation de boton December 31, 1000 bed on the other and for drawth Intellettone Down 31, 1000 FY of fine otton bundan ploed 684 Pakistan 227 TANDSMID ma DATA- 685 COUNTRY FY 80 (39) PAKISTAN CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 101, 769 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984)RICE COTTON TEXTILES PER CAPITA CNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 380 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOS) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) ANUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 274 182 (1984) 8% (1984) 2.5% 263 ( 1985) 11% (1985) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.8% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984)PETROLEUM ,COOKING OIL DEFENSE EQUIP, NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1971) IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 306 (1984) tox (1984) 822 637 (1985) 11% (1985) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 53.3 (1970) TOTAL 49.6 MALE 53.2 NALE 50.4 FEMALE 53.5 FEMALE 48.8 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -2,716(84) -3,751(85)-3, 289 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1981) TOTAL 26% MALE 363 FEMALE 15% TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN UNITED STATES , SAUDI ARABIA EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GRP (1984) 30,8% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, ($ MILLIONS, V.5.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). 0.7% (1984) (1984) 931 27.5% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP ........ . (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 21% • SOCIAL DATA 351 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.7% (1978) 2.4% (1986) 2.8% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ( 1970) 25% (1986) ( 1986) 7 MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE : WHEAT , CORN , PULSES CASH: RICE ,COT VEGETABLES ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. (1970) T SOX (1985) 26% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGEO 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1980) 6.ok : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: 1985) RICE , COTTON POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-f4YRS) 43.0x (15-64YRS) 53.0% (65+ YRS) 4.0 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) VEGETABLE OILS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 123 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1981) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1985) 3,438 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1881) 4,844 (87) 4. 468 (83) 4,570 DEATH.. ( : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 6,474 (82) 3,763 (83) 6.459 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 81% DEFICIT( - ) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) - 1,630 (82) -1,296 (83) -1.889 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY ( 1991) 38X DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1981) 23.7% (82) 27.2% (83) 29.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP (1981) 5.0% (02) 5.3% (B3) 6. 1% PRIMARY., ( 188 1) TOTAL 41.5 MALE 52.5 FEMALE 29.1 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 19.3 MALE 36. 1 FEMALE 9.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1878) TOTAL 1.7 MALE 2.4 FEMALE 0.. (SNILL TONS, U.S.) (1983) 2,729 (84) 1.668 (85) 1,412 EQUIVALENT TO 2.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1885) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 87.6% 228 686 PAKISTAN FY 1988 Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual). (Estimated) 24,000 25,000 2,500 21,500 25,000 (Request) 50,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 50,000 250,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 239, 250 68,500 170,750 250,000 91,300 158,700 250,000 PO TOTALS 263,250 275,000 300,000 * M P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 80,000 80,000 11 11 TOTALS 313,250 11 325,000 2/ 380,000 1/ FY 1986 total excludes $13 thousand in ESF local costs support. 1 I 2/ FY 1987 total includes $1,1 million in ESF local costs support. 1 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Actuall. (Estimited) (Request) U.S. National 38 40 40 Foreign National 33 38 38 LOIALS 71 78 78 a Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Includo HIC, exceus property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. Ono workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total А T Total А т Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regional 242 429 671 614 400 | 1,014 900 943 1,843 Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale 8 77 85 36 119 155 52 135 187 TOTALS 250 506 756 650 519 1,169 952 1,078 2,030 o[n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programa prior FY. bAcademic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programs lengan CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2 (380) 229 687 PAKISTAN Introduction In spite of the security and refugee burdens caused by the Afghanistan war, Pakistan has continued its record of high rates of economic growth, both in absolute and per capita terng--the latter despite an annual population growth rate of 2.81. GDP, targeted to grow by 6.5$ during 1985-1986, actually surpassed 78, led in large part by unexpectedly high agricultural production. Major factors underlying the relatively good recent economic performance are improved government policies, favorable weather, reduced inported energy costs, new domestic oil and gas discoveries, continued high levels of remittance earnings, and high levels of donor assistance. If the econony's recent overall performance has been strong, a number of key policy concerns remain, and in some respects the outlook for further rapid economic growth is clouded. Domestic resource mobilization remains extremely low, making it difficult to finance essential investments. Trade policy reforms are needed to promote higher export growth and meet growing foreign exchange shortfalls, and further deregulation must take place to encourage greater private sector investment and economic efficiency. In addition, Pakistan's performance in the social sectors lags far behind its impressive macroeconomic achievements. High fertility and infant mortality rates and extremely low literacy rates point to the need, recognized by the Government, to devote much more attention and resources to health, population and education. 0.8. assistance to Pakistan 18 designed to help preserve and promote the economic and political stability of a front-line state which, in addition to its own development concerns, must deal with the multiple domestic impacts of a cuthless var across and along its borders waged by the Soviet Union. The Soviet occupation of Afghanistan has forced nearly 3.0 million Afghans to take refuge in Pakistan. They constitute the world's largest refugee influx and place a heavy economic and political burden on Pakistan. Pakistan consistently has refused to accept a permanent Soviet presence in Afghanistan, promoting instead, through such multilateral organizations as the United Nations, the non-aligned movement, and the Islamic Conference, a negotiated settlement leading to the withdrawal of Soviet troope. Seven years after the invasion, Pakistan remains the key to International efforts to prevent the consolidation of Soviet power in Afghanistan. As a reflection of Pakistan's importance, the unique six-year u.s. commitment to provide military and economic assistance to the GOP, originally formulated in 1981, was renewed for another six years in March 1986. In addition to strengthening Pakistan's position on Afghanistan, the 230 688 PAKISTAN long-term commitment will contribute significantly to Pakistan's stability in other important ways. The long-term economic assistance package has been an important continuing element in helping Pakistan to move away from martial law to a civilian government. It plays a key role in assisting Pakistan in its efforts to control narcotics production and trafficking. Pinally, the economic assistance program enhances economic and social development and improves living standards which, by any economic or social measure, remain among the lowest in Asia. 1.1.D. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE PY 1987 marks the last year of the six-year $1,625 billion U.S. economic assistance commitment to Pakistan initiated in 1981. The program consists of 21 projects and commodity import programs funded under ESP and DA accounts, as well as PL 480 Title I food aid. Policy dialogue is a central feature of the program, as is growing cooperation among the major donors in important sectors such as energy and irrigation. The composition of the program reflects prior agreement between the Governments of the United States and Pakistan on long-term development priorities and focuses on energy, agriculture and irrigation, health and population, and selected area development. The areas of involvement are based on sectors that were--and continue to be--key to Pakistan's overall economic development. Agriculture represents 216 of annual GDP, employs more than half Pakistan's labor force, and is a major source of foreign exchange. Energy is of critical importance to both agriculture and Industry and is targeted to receive 408 of all government development expenditure under the sixth Pive Year Plan. Support for the social sectors 18 also essential, given Pakistan's relatively poor performance in this area. Specific sectoral objectives are provided below, along with a summary of major project activities and achievements. At the same time, several broader objectives--including private sector participation, institutional development, and technology transfer--underlie the entire program and support each of the more basic sectoral goals. Agriculture and Rural Development: A.I.D. activities in agriculture and rural development are guided by four main goals: (1) improving productivity, in part through greater reliance on more efficient input and output pricing, 12) improving the integration and efficiency of agricultural education, research, and extension; (3) improving the delivery and use of water for irrigations and (4) eliminating barriers to private sector investment in industries and services that support the agricultural sector. In addition, area-specific regional development projects have been developed to provide basic infrastructure to some of the poorest areas of Pakistan. Many of the program's food-related policy objectives are addressed under the Pood Security Management project (391-0491). Major activities include 231 ܢ ܢܐ ។ 689 PAKISTAN econonic and policy analysis, agricultural data collection, and post-harvest management. A nationwide economic analysis network is being established to coordinate and implenent a policy-oriented research agenda supported, in turn, by accurate and timely data collection. Hajor efforts are also underway to reduce post-harvest losses through rehabilitating grain storage facilities and improving pest control. More efficient managenent and more effective government policy are also key features in the Porestry Planning and Development project (391-0481), which focuses on increasing fuelwood production on private farns. Small privately owned nurseries are already producing seedlings at a profit. Nursery owners report high interest fron potential commercial customers. Pricing and other policy refors objectives are also key in the Agricultural Commodity and Equipment (391-0468) and the PL 480 Title I programs. These programs finance the import of needed commodities, particularly fertilizer, edible oils, and irrigation machinery. Both are also important for Pakistan in terms of providing needed balance of payments support. Bqually significant, the programs play a central role in encouraging needed policy change. Accomplishnents in this area to date include the removal of some edible oil import restrictions and major deregulation in the domestic edible oil industry. Private sector distribution of fertilizer has also Increased dramatically. Removal of the urea subsidy saved about $41 million, while higher prices for other types of fertilizer (mainly phosphate and potash) reduced the public sector subsidy by another $12 nillion. A surcharge applied to fertilizer producers has also been removed, allowing about $60 million to be retained by efficient fertilizer producers, primarily in the private sector. Agricultural research, education, and extension concerns are addressed under the Management of Agricultural Research and Technology (391-0489) and the Transformation and Integration of the Provincial Agricultural Network (391-0488) projects. The forner activity, focused at the national level, is helping to develop and coordinate a countrywide network of research institutions and agricultural universities. The latter activity focuses on a single province-the Northwest Frontier (NWF) --as part of a targeted effort to improve agricultural education and strengthen links with agricultural extension through a problem solving, farmer-oriented outreach program aimed at improving agricultural productivity in one of the least productive areas of Pakistan. Design and construction of research facilities and classrooms at Peshawar Agricultural University are well underway. Both projects have large training components, including long and short term training in the United States. 1.1.D. support for irrigation in Pakistan centers around the Irrigation Systens Management project (391-0467), which takes into account "lessons learned' under the On-Para Water Management project (391-0413) as well as earlier A.I.D. interventions in irrigation. The Command Water Management component of that project, co-financed with the World Bank, aims at improving irrigation services in selected areas through community participation as well as through more efficient water management. Other 232 690 PAKISTAN elements in the project include improved research as well as the introduction of computer-assisted design techniques. Bere again policy concerns are central: the overall goal is to improve operation and maintenance of existing systems through more realistic financing mechanisms and pricing formulas. The project is beginning to see important institutional payoffs. Increased attention to maintenance and rehabilitation--a major objective of the project--18 evident in the Sind and Punjab, where most of Pakistan's irrigation works are located. The need for more assistance to Pakistan's two least developed provinces--Baluchistan and the Northwest Prontier (WWF) --was raised as a matter of special concern at the beginning of the current aid program. The Tribal Area Development (391-0471) and Baluchistan Area Development (391-0479) projects were both designed specifically to address this issue and are helping to fund an array of infrastructure activities, including the construction of roads, schools, and small-scale irrigation works. The Tribal Area Development project is well underway after some redirection which followed a mid-tern evaluation completed in May 1986. with respect to the Baluchistan Area Development project, several small schemes are complete and others are underway. Designs for major project components such as the road connecting Makran to karachi should be complete in PY 1987, with construction beginning as soon as possible thereafter. Another regional development project, Road Resources Management (391-0480), 18 scheduled to begin this year and will focus specifically on management, rehabilitation, and maintenance of rural roads in Sind Province. The project will also address major financial and policy issues relating to operation and maintenance that affect roads throughout Pakistan. proje het les) prej Energy: The energy program has two main goals: (1) increasing energy availability and its efficient use on a self-sustaining basis and (2) identifying and developing indigenous energy resources, primarily through the private sector. Demand for energy has outstripped supply in recent years and continued demand-supply imbalances pose a clear threat to Pakistan's continued economic growth. On the supply side, the problem is being addressed through support for coal and other resource development and through the development of an economically-determined energy pricing strategy On the demand side, conservation and an appropriate pricing policy are essential to provide adequate incentives for developing Pakistan's own substantial domestic energy resources. Coordination among the major donor 8--particularly 1.1.D., the World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank--18 an important feature of the program and will support lasting policy reforn. to pre 1 The overall strategic framework for increasing the availability of energy--supported in part through pricing and other policy initiative -- 18 being substantially strengthened under the Energy Planning and Development project (391-0478), which has led to the establishment of energy planning and energy conservation units at the federal level. Private sector firms are involved in the conservation program and 11 private sector energy audits and 7 feasibility studies have already been completed or are fi 233 691 PAKISTAN underway. Other elements of the project assist directly in the development of indigenous energy resources. Por example, the feasibility studies for the proposed Lakhra Coal Mining and Power Generation Project (391-0487) are now largely complete. A coal exploration program which includes assistance from the United States Geological Survey is also underway. In terms of commodity support, the Energy Commodities and Equipment program (391-0486) helps finance a variety of needed energy imports relating to conservation, exploration, production, and distribution. Purthermore, it serves as a useful tool for achieving policy-related goals for the energy sector in such areas as pricing and private sector participation. The Rural Blectrification project (391-0473) centers exclusively on the power subsector. Institutional reorganization of the water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) is underway. This includes a computerization plan, a comprehensive training program and rehabilitation of high loss distribution feeders which should make an additional 125 MW available to the country. The first phase of the highly successful combined cycle thermal power plant at Guddu, constructed in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank, was also financed under the Rural Electrification project. Phase two, which will convert waste heat generated by the power plant into additional electricity, is a particularly good example of the technology transfer which is occurring under the A.1.D. program. When complete, Guddu will be one of the most efficient power plants in the world. Health and Population: Mission activities in health and population reflect three main objectives: (1) reducing extremely high infant mortality rates; (2) reducing the burden of preventable diseases such as malaria; and (3) reducing a population growth rate that is the highest in Asia and among the highest in the world. Health-related objectives are addressed under the Primary Health Care (391-0475) and Malaria Control II (391-0472) projects. Under the former project, improvements are being made in health care management and training. Thirteen training schools for paramedics are either under construction or being designed and curriculum improvements are also underway. Child survival objectives in particular are being addressed through a communications campaign that emphasizes oral rehydration therapy. In conjunction with other donors, support is also being extended to Pakistan's child immunization program. Under the Malaria Control II project (391-0472), research and field activities are supported as part of an overall effort to reduce malaria levels in Pakistan. Two projects--Population Welfare Planning (391-0469) and Social Marketing of Contraceptives (391-0484)--have been developed to deal directly with Pakistan's high rate of population growth. The private sector, in the form of commercial companies as well as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), has recently assumed a larger and more active role in the provision of family planning services. A new amendment to the population Welfare Planning project provides increased funding for activities undertaken by Under the Social Marketing project, a new commercial brand of NGOS. 234 692 PAKISTAN condoms has been developed and introduced into marketplaces in Punjab and Sind. Initial test marketing results have been very encouraging. Narcotice: Blimination of opium poppy culture in Pakistan 18 an important United States foreign policy objective. At a regional level, the Northwest Frontier Area Development project (391-0485) is used to fund a range of field activities designed to encourage crop substitution and support economic development. The project focuses primarily on the Gadoon-Amazat area, a major poppy growing region. Nearly 60 rural infrastructure schenes have already been completed or are under construction, including 6 roads, 20 schools, 17 drinking water projects, and 15 irrigation works. The project also supports the efforts of other international organizations such as the United Nations Pund for Drug Abuse and Control (UNFDAC) in its development-related crop substitution activities. At a national level, our program is active in supporting narcotics awareness activities, including a mass media campaign conducted during August and September 1986 which drew attention to Pakistan's growing heroin addiction problen. In addition, support is being provided for the design and development of an information resource center which will provide information and materials on drug use in Pakistan. 1 ,Iܐ ent 1 Other Projects: two other project 8--Development Support Training (391-0474) and the Project Design and implementation Fund (391-0470)--were designed to cross sectors, and support the overall aid program. The Development Support Training Project is financing short and long term training for Pakistan managers, administrators and technicians, including women and those in the private sector. More than 1,300 people have already received training under the project, including 109 women and 88 private sector participants. A recent evaluation also noted the project's success in organizing a series of training courses, seminars, and workshops. dit co PO 28 Pinally, the Protect Design and implementation Pund (391-0470) is used to finance special policy studies as well as some of the technical assistance for design and implementation of projects throughout the USAID/Pakistan portfolio. As design efforts for the post 1987 program intensify, demands on the project are increasing. le 21 PY_1988 Program $1 pl G B PY 1988 marks the beginning of a renewed six year commitment of economic and security assistance to Pakistan, The six-year aid package, subject to annual approval by Congress, provides for $2.28 billion in economic assistance, including $480 million through the PL 480 Title I program. 3 1 ! I ! In the joint 0.3.-Pakistan statement which accompanied the signing of the new agreement, the two parties expressed support for the Pakistan Government's program of economic policy reforms to impr domestic resource mobilization, stimulate private sector investment, and increase the overall efficiency of the Pakistan economy. Subsequent discussions have underscored the need to build on earlier work in three major sectors--energy, agriculture, and social services. 1 235 693 PAKISTAN Experience and lessons learned' under the PY 1982-1987 program have strongly indicated a need to focus the new program on policy performance and institution-building goals within these three sectors. Thus, in agriculture, a new Agricultural Sector Support Program (391-0492) is planned to instigate and sustain new agriculture policy reform and provide complementary financing, training, technical assistance, and other support. The project will also include a commodity import program built on policy reform in such areas as pricing, deregulation, and private sector participation. In energy, a new Private Sector Power Generation and Distribution project (391-0494) is being designed to support recent policy changes aimed at encouraging private sector investment in the power subsector. Support for a public utility commission is envisaged, possibly with a finance facility to support private sector investments in such areas as plant construction, power distribution, and co-generation. In health, a new Healthy Child project (391-0496) is the centerpiece for a number of A.I.D. child survival interventions anticipated during the Post 1987 period. Pakistan's infant mortality rate may exceed 120 per 1,000, extremely high for a country at Pakistan's level of development. The project would address this problem through programs in such areas as immunization, oral rehydration therapy, preventative health care, social marketing, and health education. A major private sector component is anticipated. Two additional new starts are planned for FY 1988 to address issues not directly dealt with through traditional sector-specific programs. These are in part designed to be responsive to priorities of the new civilian government which followed eight years of military rule. Also, they support the objective of broadly and visibly demonstrating the benefits of Pakistan's relationship with the United States. An Institutional Excellence project (391-0498) will improve and upgrade a number of research and training institutions on which Pakistan relies for ideas, innovation, and specialized training. The project's design is based not only on lessons learned under the Development Support Training project but also on experience gained in dealing with other institutions under A.I.D.-funded agriculture, energy, and health and population programs already underway. Similarly, a Special Development Fund (391-0500) is being developed to provide a flexible response to relatively small but important development opportunities which meet GOP and A.I.D. priorities but are not within the scope of ongoing projects. A special feature of the project will be its support for activities relating to women in development, indigenous NGOs, and the private sector. PL 480 Title I will continue to finance the import of needed commodities, especially edible oil, and to help encourage agricultural policy reform. Mission Director: Eugene S. Staples 236 694 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 391 PAKISTAN PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • L PY OP MY OP I INITIAL PINAL GOBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OOLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED IY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 200 2.500 --- 26,076 16, 200 --- 10.000 83 -- 10.000 --- --- 84 19.500 --- 6 --- --- --- 1.500 5.500 2.500 3.175 88 --- --- 8.500 --- 10.000 18.500 8.500 3.985 6 ST OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECN --- 5.500 1.500 22.500 1,160 2.500 -O. 26.076 ... 16,200 POPULATION PLANNING 02 93 12.200 6.500 --- 5.200 7.775 5,692 9.950 33,850 18.700 --- --- 93 --- 11.800 --- ... --- 6.300 --- 7.500 --- 6.500 --- 17.450 9.500 7.175 5.692 --- 500 5.692 1.775 17,450 --- LOANS --- --- SALIN 37.800 391-0468 L 82 AGRICULTURAL CONROOITIES AND EQUIPMENT 40,300 40,300 391-0481 PORE STRT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 391-0488 TRANSPORA INTEGRATE PROVINCIAL AG NETWOR 391-0489 37.800 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11,000 26,076 22.500 5.500 17.700 7.160 38. 300 43.800 200 3.500 GRANTS 48,000 3.500 40,300 45.300 LOANS 37.800 391-0469 : OPULATION WELFARE PLANNING 391-0484 SOCIAL MARKETING OF CONTRACEPTIVES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12. 200 45.650 18,700 GRANTS 6.500 12.200 45.650 13.700 ' Medy Aurten V-a 237 color 3.0 chor TV1 Y- -THAL PINPITY 695 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST PAKISTAN PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF SY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIS LOP PLANNID AUTMD -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PYOI. OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- 5.000 2.370 --- 6.500 5.000 6980 2.370 --- --- --- 6,500 5.000 6.930 2.370 --- O. CHILD SURVIVAL FUND G 87 37 5.000 --- --- 5.000 --- 300 23 15.000 --- --- --- --- --- 7.500 250 --- --- --- 5.000 --- 7,500 550 550 LOANS --- --- EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 92 11.500 --- --- --- --- --- --- 2.550 750 --- --- --- --- --- 2.350 750 --- --- 2.950 --- --- 750 --- --- --- ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND G 37 97 1.100 --- --- ... ... 1.100 1.100 --- --- 3 92 6.500 11.500 6,500 391-0475 >RIMARY HEALTN CARE TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.500 6.500 GRANTS 11.500 6.500 LOANS 391-0475 PRIMARY MEALTH CARE 391-0496 HEALTHY CHILD TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 20.000 GRANTS 20.000 5.000 7.500 391-0474 6 83 JEVELOPNENT SUPPORT TRAINING TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.500 GRANTS 11.500 LOANS 391-OLCS LOCAL COSTS SUPPORT "Rotons to the planned project was the 238 Cuddlant activity "Yol hned obligation coun-All project in the cohow with white blonde te botone Doctor 31.10 Per projects that hatian duteh Dec 31, 1903 the FYn bon to do 696 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 391 PAKISTAN PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PY OP FY OP I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -THROUGN PY&S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURUS PROPOSED PTO- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 82 3. 159 2.937 156 3,200 3. 200 10.000 10.000 77 10.000 4.050 20. ... 1.317 2.340 --- $2,900 83 -0. 9.926 10,975 13.000 12.983 15.009 12.980 90.000 90.000 86 172.000 56.278 26.000 95.471 35.700 25.000 36.000 20.000 267.700 262.000 38 125,200 96,000 26.500 2.949 16.300 48.000 20.000 171.700 171.700 82 93 27.800 14,242 13.350 5.641 --- 1.262 2,274 73.850 55,300 15.000 ... 6,600 01 --- 2.001 5.000 2.500 3.570 30.000 15.000 3 82 37 13.000 1.327 2.000 --- 1.940 6.410 9.000 3.277 22.000 15.000 32 35.500 93 18,644 S.500 --- 8.005 8.000 16,351 65.000 41.000 32 G 39 37.000 11,703 4.500 10,254 2.000 11.557 20.000 16,455 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION 2.000 66.000 61.000 32.727 27.000 7,249 57.000 11.571 --- 28.000 155.000 106.000 53 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TRAINING 92 10.000 3.636 8.500 6.500 8.500 4.000 6.650 63.500 25.000 32 37 • CO CO 13.500 2.024 2.534 13,500 13.500 239 391 -0296 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 391-0413 6 ON-PARN WATER MANAGEMENT 371-0467 6 83 IRRIGATION SYSTENS MANAGEMENT 391-0468 3 82 AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND EQUIPMENT 391-0468 L 82 AGRICULTURAL CONNODITIES AND EQUIPNENT 391-0469 8 POPULATION WELFARE PLANNING i 82 391-0470 PROJECT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PUND 391-0471 TRIBAL AREA DEVELOPMENT 391-0472 MALARIA CONTROL II 391-0473 391-0473 L 2 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION 391-0474 371-0475 PRIMARY HEAL IN CARE ; 33 37 6. 107 19.130 10.900 3,483 5.000 15.000 6.056 10.139 391-0476 ENERGY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 55.000 30.000 ohlen e-Albo - TAROUP LO LANNEO OTTU..s 697 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES BUREAU FORASIA AND NEAR EAST -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 12.000 -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PAKISTAN 391 3.000 LOP PLANNED AUTND 10.000 . L PY OP FY OP INITIAL FINAL G OOLIS DILIG 8.570 3.400 OO. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 6,501 50.000 8.000 87 2.146 17.500 5.000 180 6.000 11. 100 630 391-0478 L $3 ENERGY PLANNING AND DEVELOPNENT 391-0479 SALUCHISTAN AREA DEVELOPNENT 2.000 40.000 40.000 09 88 2.285 DOO 2.570 43.000 91 1.250 8.000 391-0480 G 87 ROADS RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 932 6.661 10,000 28.000 25.000 3.105 89 G 1.301 391-0481 FORESTRY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 7.200 1:729 6,696 8.500 --- 65.500 20.000 7.553 93 3,469 13.800 19.736 2.653 16,200 29,800 --- 30.000 33.000 462 83 26.000 6 35,727 26.000 50.000 55.000 .. 13,300 36 6 973 15.000 --- 16,000 35.000 25.000 50.000 50,000 --- 96 --- L --- . 6.698 391-0486 ENERGY CONNODITIES AND EQUIPMENT --- 5.919 123.000 11.500 2.728 10.000 391-0487 LAKMRA COAL POWER GENERATION 3,265 6.000 200 27.500 35.500 4,420 88 .-- 1.932 1,500 674 5,794 13.500 8.000 11.500 21.500 6,607 *GT OF AZRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECN 2.961 20,000 20.000 57.000 351 7.000 10,000 59.900 35.000 35.000 200 36 33 --- 391-0491 6 FOOD SECURITY MANAGE ENT 300,000 37 92 391-0484 SOCIAL MARKETING OF CONTRACEPTIVES 391-0485 NAFP AREA DEVELOPMENT 391-0436 ENERGY CONNODITIES AND EQUIPMENT 391-0488 TRANSFOR INTEGRATE PROVINCIAL AG NETWOR 391-0489 391-0492 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SUPPORT PROJECT 240 ole 31,100FY los dorty PY dowc-N Pedro 869 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASSA AND NEAR EAST PAKISTAN co co. 20, 500 10,000 O. 7.500 230 --- --- 12,600 9.000 26 30.000 - . --- --- 10.000 1.200 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • LPT OP FY OP 1 INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGN PY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91100 -ACTUAL PT86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ESTINATED PY87• OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES PROPOSED PYII. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 91100 150.000 391-0494 PRIVATE SECTOR POWER 391-0496 WEALTHY CNILO 60.000 000°OS 391-0498 .3 INSTITUTIONAL EXCELLENCE 391-0500 SPECIAL DEVELOPNENT PUND TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 726.959 271. 106 239.250 178.959 250.000 2.260.050 1,206,700 250.096 250,000 271,279 GRANTS 303,759 164,379 170.750 167,684 158,700 173.125 250.000 183.352 1.833,350 891.000 426.700 323.700 LOMS 221,200 126,727 68.500 11,171 91.300 75,871 95,727 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 776.959 271. 106 2.437.000 1.230.700 263.230 202.935 275.000 279.368 300.000 297.884 GRANTS 515,959 144,379 192.250 167.688 183.700 187.297 300.000 202.157 1.970.000 916,700 467.000 366.000 LOANS 259.000 126.727 71.000 35,247 P1.300 92,071 95,727 241 Cartoon Vocho - Acolo with colonor 91, the there chillende 31,1o. 699 morato OBLIGATION PLAMED NOORWARY SHEET AG, RD EN Medith FY 1988 7,500 2SP Ute dojra Funding 7,500 Child Survival 75,000 60,000 38 5,000 CH Initia Obligation Estimated Find olidon Compton Deo of role FY 1988 FY 1993 FY 1995 ding BSP CS ED.HR Sol. Aa Populadon NEN children in Pakistan will be the direct beneficiaries of this project. The 250 reduction in infant mortality anticipated under the project translates into the saving of over 100,000 infants annually. CCT neul nam Purpose: To reduce Pakistan's high infant mortality rate by 256 by 1993. Project Description: Pakistan's infant mortality rate, exceptionally high for a country at Pakistan's level of economic development, reflects the country's poor overall performance in the social sectors. The project is designed to address this problem by supporting a number of key health interventions. Oral rehydration therapy and immunization programs are expected to be supported, along with public awareness and educational activities relating to nutrition, breast-feeding, and preventive health. A grant program to support child survival activities administered by private sector entities is also being considered. Major Outputs: All Years An increase of 50$ in the immunization coverage of eligible children. Easy access to supply of oral rehydration salts by 901 of the population. Improved knowhow of child health procedures and practices throughout Pakistan. Creation of a child survival and development agency to make grants to government and private sector organizations for programs to improve child health. Life of Project (5 million) A.1.D. Pinanced Inputs: Relationship of the Protect to A.I.D. Country Strategy The Healthy Child project is expected to become the centerpiece for A.I.D. involvement in health in Pakistan under the Post 1987 program, Project design also reflects the fact that Congress has established a child survival fund and Pakistan has been designated a child survival emphasis country. Performanced-based grants: Private sector Public sector Mass Media Campaigns Adeinistrative Support Total: 20.00 35.00 15.00 5.00 75.00 Bost Country and Other Donors: Pakistan's poor performance in the social sectors is a matter of increasing concern for both the public and government policy makers. Bfforts to translate some of this concern into concrete policy and project interventions need to be supported. Other international donors, including UNI CEP and the World Health Organization, are vorking with A.1.D to help develop ways to reduce Pakistan's high infant mortality rates and improve the health of its children. The large number of high risk infants and Principal Contractor or Agondos Beneficiaries: U. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expandir Throu. September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, Future Your Obligatione 60,000 Endmond Tot Core 75,000 1987 15,000 1988 242 PAKISTAN Healthy child 391-0796 Propowd Fiscal You AIO 3707 (11-05) 700 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RDAN Health Funding Souro ESP FY 1988 25,000 Initia Obligation FOTOSED OBUGATION the show Life of Project Funding 120.000 Estimated Find obligation Endmated Completion Daca of Project FY 1991 Sol. Act ED. a HR Population NEN FY CONTINUING 1988 FY1992 Purpose: To develop the indigenous coal industry in Pakistan, to enhance private sector participation in the development of a modern coal industry, and to install the first of a series of large-scale thermal power generation units using indigenous coal. IL the rising energy requirements for farms, land reclamation programs, electrification of villages and for the establishment of agro-based small-scale and cottage industries in rural areas. The project offers and excellent opportunity to address a number of key policy issues that the Government of Pakistan (GOP) faces in providing sufficient energy supplies to achieve its economic growth targets, Project Description: The shortage of electric power is one of Pakistan's most serious obstacles to development. Host Country and Otber Donors: Pakistan's Sixth Pive-Year Plan assigns a high priority to energy development and encourages the role and participation of the private sector in development, The 1.1.D. financed Lakhra Coal Mine and Power Generation feasibility studies have been completed and presented to potential donor agencies, e.g. the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. The feasibility studies examined 250 MW to 350 MW size plants to determine what size plant is environmentally acceptable and socially sound. As a result of these studies the GOP has requested solicitations for private investment in this project. Based on these proposals a determination will be made as to the technical, economic, and financial feasibility of the project. Discussions are underway with the GOP, the World Bank and the Asian Development (ADB) regarding the joint financing of the foreign exchange cost of the project. Beneficiaries: All sectors of the national economy will benefit from the project. Electricity generated at Lakhra will be connected to the national grid and serve the needs of Karachi, Pakistan's largest urban center, and surroundings. This project will also assist Pakistan to develop the Lakhra Coal Pield and to design and construct the first of a series of large power plants fired with Lakhra coal. The project will consist of two major components. The coal mining component will assist Pakistan to develop the Lakhra coal field through surface and possibly underground mining. The power generation component will assist Pakistan to construct the first of a series of large power plants fired by Lakhra coal. Relationship of the Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project assista Pakistan to provide the energy required to sustain self-reliant agro-business and industrial development. Power made available through the project will be used to meet A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs Life-of-Protect (million) - Px costs of boiling/steam generator system 46.6 - Px costs of NG Services and Construction Management 22.1 - Training 6,0 - Institutional Development 5.0 Operations Management 3.0 Contingency 9.1 Excalation 23.0 Interest During Construction 5.2 Principal Contracton or Aponce Unliguldated U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation Expenditure 1987 Future Your Obligations 95.000 Estimated Tota Cort 120.000 25,000 243 AROORAN PAKISTAN Vide Lakhra Coal Power Generation Namb 391-0487 GRANT LOAN Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1966 Estimated Through September 30, Proposed Fiscal You 1988 AD 3707 (11-05) F 701 PLAINED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Melih PROPOSED OBLIGATION the tool Lite of Project Funding 150.000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1993 FY 1995 Funding Souro ESP FY 1988 20.500 Initial Obligation ED. & HA Population FY 1988 institutions are expected to give the project strong support. NEW CONTINUING Purpose: To increase power generation and distribution in Pakistan through policy reforn, more efficient power distribution, and greater private sector participation. Project Description: The project is designed to support policy refora in the power sector, including a movement toward rationalized electricity tariffs and promotion of a private sector power generation and distribution program. Improvement in pover generation and transmission throughout the system are needed. Establishment of a private power development board or Commission to perform such needed functions as establishing rate formulas, issuing technical standards, and resolving disputes is also anticipated as an essential first step toward increasing private sector participation. Pinally, the project may help support innovative financing facilities for private sector power generation and distribution proposals. Beneficiaries: The entire Pakistan population should benefit from the project's efforts to increase power production and efficient distribution. Those working in agriculture and industry in particular should benefit, since growth in these sectors is dependent on expanded energy availability. 5 Major Outputs: All Years Policy reforms, especially in pricing and private sector participation; establishment of power development board/commission; support for co-generation programs; development of unutilized indigenous energy resources and establishment of corresponding power plants; private sector operation of power plants, establishment of rural electrical co-operatives or small private companies to build, own, and operate small rural and/or decentralized systems. A.1.D. Pinanced Inputs: Relationship of the project to A,1,D. Country Strategy: This project is expected to become the center piece for A.I.D's already extensive involvement in Pakistan's energy sector. It is based on the twin pillars of policy reform and private sector involvement. It builds on prior A.I.D. private sector experience in Pakistan under the Dhodak gas field promotion activity and the Lakhra coal field development. The goal is to increase overall energy availability through developing indigenous energy resources, primarily in the private sector. Life of Projects ($ Million) 15.00 5.00 115,00 15.00 150.00 Technical Assistance Training Commodities & Equipment Other Total: Host Country and Other Donors: The project is based on support for recent GOP initiatives which encourage private sector involvement in energy. The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are very active in the power sector and have expressed interest in supporting private sector participation in power generation and distribution. Both lending Principal Contractors or Agencies U. S FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligations Expenditures Unliguldsted Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1982 Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations 129.500 Estimated Total Cort 150.000 1987 20.500 244 1988 PAKISTAN Private Sector Power 391-0494 GRANTO LOAN Proposed Fiscal Yee ND 3707 (114 702 NOORAN PAKISTAN Tide Institutional Excellence PLANNED PROGRAM SUDARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health Funding Souro ESP FY 1988 12,600 Initia Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION flathod of dollar Life of Project Funding 50,000 Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Dute of Project FY 1990 FY 1992 391-0498 Population B NEW Sel. Act ED. & HR GRANT LOAN CONTINUING FY 1988 Purpose: To improve and upgrade a selected number of key institutions on which Pakistan relies for ideas, innovation, and the training of its most highly qualified technicians and managers in both the private and public sectors. including training and institution-building activities sponsored under the 1.1.D.-funded Development Support Training Project. While other donors are addressing the problem through ad hoc interventions, the Institutional Excellence project will provide sufficient funding to make a concerted effort across a wide range of institutions and sectors. Project Description: Funds will be made available through various challange grants, performance-based disbursements or, possibly, endowments to institutions in both the public and private sectors that demonstrate a commitment to working to achieve Pakistan's development priorities through educational, research, and technological excellence. Selected Institutions must demonstrate that they are pursuing specific goals leading to institutional improvement and be willing to make identified changes in the way they operate. Activities funded under the program will include training and equipment, along with funding for seminars and workshops and assistance in establishing links with similar organizations and institutions in the United States. Beneficiaries: The direct target group--Pakistan's professional and student community--has already been alluded to. More broadly, development efforts throughout Pakistan will benefit through improved research, enhanced training and better management, Major Outputs: All years Performance payments for progress toward objectives represented by indicators such as revised curricula; R&D grants, τον 11brary and research facilities; improved faculty qualifications (MS, Ph.D, Post Doctoral); increased private sector financial contributions; faculty & student Berit scholar- ships; specialized studies programs. Relationship of the Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The Institutional Excellence project directly relates to all other projects in A.1.D.'s Pakistan portfolio by supporting development institutions and, over the long term, by improving essential managerial and technical skills. The project is designed to address many of the perceived Institutional gaps and shortcomings noted under the current A.I.D. program. The need for institutional reform cuts across all sectors and every development activity--addressing that need is the major goal of the project. A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs: Life of Project ($ million) 9.00 21.00 5.50 Technical Assistance Performance Based Payments, Grants Training Commodities Computers, Software, RED and AV equipment Institutional Development Contingencies Total: Host Country and Other Donors: Weak educational institutions are widely recognized as a serious problem in Pakistan. Some government efforts have been made to address the problem, 6.00 6.00 2.50 50.00 U. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligation Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Your 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligations 37.400 Eftimated Tool Cort 50.000 Proposed Fiscal You 1983 12.600 ND 3707 (115) 245 89 AGROS 703 PLANNED PROGRAM SUNALARY SHEET JAG, RD &N PROPOSED OBLIGATION tin hodol dolor Life of Project Funding 30.000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY1992 FY 1994 ORAN PAKISTAN Funding Souro ESP FY 1988 10.000 Inita Obligation Special Development Pund Sel. Act ED. & HR Population FY1988 391-0500 DI NEW O CONTINUANG FT GRANTO LOAN Purpose: To provide a mechanism for quick, flexible support to respond to important but relatively small development opportunities in line with A.I.D. and Government of Pakistan priorities but not within the scope of larger ongoing A.I.D. projects. will be used to support fledging attempts by the Government of Pakistan to strengthen decentralized development through utilization of the private sector, local governments units and grass-roots NGOS. Other bilateral donors such as Canada, Germany, Great Britain and the Netherlands are active in this area. This project will provide A.I.D. with the funds and mechanism to join this important visible effort to support innovative development activities and respond to opportunities for development impact. 69-533 0 - 87 - 23 Project Description: Much of A.1.D.'s activity in Pakistan is designed to support large-scale project and policy interventions in major sectors such as agriculture and energy. Significant smaller development opportunities, however, occasionally present themselves which cannot be accommodated under projects now in place. This project addresses this problem by setting up a funding mechanism for providing support to such interventions in a timely and flexible fashion. Discrete activities in support of women in development (WID), indigenous non governmental organizations (NGOs), and private sector entities as well as pilot and catalytic interventions and possible endowments are expected to be supported under the project. Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be women, private sector entrepreneurs and, through local government units, the rural poor. Specially targeted beneficiaries under the project would include those organizations and people engaged in promoting or assisting self-help measures in the face of formidable bureaucratic procedures and inadequate support mechanisms. A.I.D.-Pinanced Inputs: PX Cost of TA PX Cost of Commodities LC Cost of TA/Grants LC Cost of Commodities Training Other Total Life of Project ($ million) 2.00 4.00 12.00 8.00 2.00 2,00 30.00 Relationship of the Project to 1.1.D. Country Strategy: While the Special Development Pund offers an innovative approach to supporting relatively small development activities outside the authorization of other A.I.D. projects, the criteria for selecting interventions will continue to be based on the furtherance of A.I.D. policy themes in such areas as technology transfer, institution building, and private sector expansion. with respect to support for NGO and WID activities, particular but not exclusive attention will be to support activities that complement ongoing programs in rural development, energy, health and population. The Special Development Fund Principal Contractors or Agencies Host Country and Other Donors: U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1982 Estimated Through September 30, Futuna Year Obligations 20.000 Estimated Total Cost 30.000 1982 10.000 246 Proposed Fiscal You 1988 AD I7 (11-08) 704 Phillippines 247 SYON.02 POPULATION (+%AD, ILLIO 705 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS(1985)ELEC EQ & PARTS, GARMENTS . COCONUT OIL EXPORTS TO U.S. (S WILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983)1,793 (1984)2.032 (1985) 1.684 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 41% (1984) 40% (1985) 36% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984)CRUDE PETROLEUN, MACHINERY CHEMICALS 660 2.6% IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 1,831 (1984) 1,713 ( 1985) 1.282 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 28% (1984) 30% (1985) 25% -879(65) 482 ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 12.9% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION. : (1975) 5.5% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 65.0 MALE 62.4 FEMALE 67.8 (1970) TOTAL 59.0 MALE 56.0 FEMALE 62.4 TRADE BALANCE(S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -2,483(84) TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES JAPAN ,EEC 34.7% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 84% FEMALE 83% (1984) 1,134 (1984) 16.1% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) 2.7% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 2.7% (1986) -1.0% • SOCIAL DATA 2.9% (1978) 25% (1986) 307 ( 1984) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) (402) PHILIPPINES COUNTRY: 59,884 "BASIC DATA (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) TOTAL POPULATION. (DOLLARS, 1984) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) PER CAPITA ONP MALE 83% TOTAL (1980) ADULT LITERACY RATE • AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP...... POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1984) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. . (1970) 6 (1986) SUBSISTENCE: RICE ,CORN , ROOTS AND TUBERS 60% (1985) CASH: COCONUTS , SUGARCANE , BANANAS 30% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1983) 33.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COCONUTS , RAW SUGAR .BANANAS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 41.0% (15-64YRS) $5.7% (68+ YRS) 9.3% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,DAIRY PROOS. , TOBACCO INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1906) $1 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1983) 50X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 2,144 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( ) (1983) 4,104 (84) 3.422 (85) 3.664 DEATH. . i 1978) OTHER PNEUMONIA TUBERCULOSIS DIARRHOEAL DIS. TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 4,779 (84) 4,021 (85) 4.298 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1982) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -675 (84) -589 (85) -634 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY( 1983) 73% DEFENSE EXPENOITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1982) 10.6% (83) 11.8% (84) 9.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF ONP (1982) 1.7% (83) 1.7% (84) 1.2% PRIMARY ........ (1982) TOTAL 105 MALE 108 FEMALE SECONDARY .. (1982) TOTAL 43.8 MALE 32.8 FEMALE 34.0 of+ICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 21.5 MALE 19.7 FEMALE 23.3 (SHILLIONS, U.S.). ( 1983) 864 (84) 890 (85) 1, 116 EQUIVALENT TO 1.8 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. . (1984) 248 104 706 PHILIPPINES headed Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 38,649 13,000 FY 1988 (Request) 13,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 38,649 13,000 13,000 300,000 250,000 124,000 test2 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 300,000 250,000 124,000 355 339,004 263,000 137,000 sic 9,146 10,626 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 40,518 32,300 8,218 31 31 9,146 10,626 TAKA TOTALS 379,522 11 272,146 21 147,626 1/ FY 1986 total includes: $35.927 million FY 1985 deobligated funds and 567.933 million FY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $103.860 million reobligated funds in FY 1986; and $100 million from the FY 1986 Supplemental Appropriation. Excludes $181 thousand in ESF local costs support. 2/ FY 1987 total includes $810 thousand in ESF local costs support. 31 Additional food assistance for the Philippines is currently under review, either from PL 480 Title I reserves or from section 416 commodities. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 50 * 51 * 51 * Foreign National 55 63 63 TOTALS 105 114 114 e Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One work year = 2,087 hours. *Includes 33 Bilateral; 2 Regional (OLA,CSD); 11 RIG; 2 (ASEAN, ADB): 2 Idi. Does not include 2 P/T Resident Hire DH positions. weer tong PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total Category FY 1988 (Request) T Total Aъ A fesi 13 ** 30 56 86 52 62 114 50 32 82 U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regionale Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale 30 30 23 23 4 4 PS TOTALS 30 86 116 52 85 137 50 36 86 a/n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (ego, CLASP, AMDP). b Academic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 (888) 249 707 PHILIPPINES Introduction The Philippines is in the midst of a severe economic crisis. While the new government of President Corazon Aquino (in power since February 1986) is completing the framework for economic recovery, actual recovery remains uncertain. Real GNP declined 10% during 1984 and 1985, but has apparently stabilized in 1986. Per capita GNP in 1985 was $660, the same level as 10 years ago in real terms. The crisis is closely related to the country's deep-rooted and fundamental employment, income distribution, and poverty problems. A fast-growing population is further intensifying these problems. Recent Government of the Philippines (GOP) estimates show that nearly 60% of the population lives below the poverty line, up from around 50% in 1971. Government expenditure cutbacks during 1984 and 1985 for basic social services, such as health and education, further compounded the recession's impact on low-income groups. Economic problems are compounded by an active communist insurgency in several rural provinces. Fiscal restraint is an objective which donors have encouraged the GOP to adopt. Substantial adjustments in public spending plans and in revenue generation were under taken in the first months of the new administration. The 1986 budget deficit with unchanged policies would have reached as high as $1.9 billion. The Government has rearranged expenditure priorities and intensified revenue collection efforts. However, even with these efforts and increases in foreign assistance, the deficit 18 still estimated at $1.3 billion. The Philippines 16 among the 15 major debtor countries designated for special efforts under the Baker initiative. Nearly three decades of import-substitution industrial policy, and serious economic dislocations brought about by cronyism have created the deep-rooted structural problems that are at the heart of the country's $26 billion foreign debt. The industrial sector is inefficient, overly ur ban based, and oriented toward the domestic market. It 18 also excessively capital- and import-intensive. Substantial Government resources are locked into financial institutions, public corporations and nonperforming acquired assets. Debt servicing on the country's foreign debt, even with rescheduling, will consume 37% of presently depressed export earnings. With little prospect of an early revival in export earnings, foreign exchange availability could become a serious constraint to economic recovery. The present foreign reserve level ($1.6 billion) is adequate over the short run. If realized in a timely fashion, expected financing flows and reschedulings should be sufficient to avoid a balance of payments crisis. The GOP 18 completing the framework for a new economic program Intended to achieve near-term recovery and sustainable long-term growth. The draft program has a strong free market orientation and plans for the private 250 T 1 708 21 PHILIPPINES sector to lead the recovery of the Philippine economy. Trade 11beraliza- tion, reforms of public financial and nonfinancial enterprises, appropriate anne tary and fiscal policies, and a more flexible exchange rate are lapor tant features. It also locludes enploynent-generating programs such as rural road building and maintenance, reforestation, communal irrigation Laprovement, and cottage industries. There are many institutional and political rigidities, however, which may leave a considerable gap between market-oriented rhetoric and real policy performance. 11 21 The new GOP plans give priority to agriculture. Agriculture sector growth will be promoted through market-oriented reforms for agricultural connodi- ties and inputs. In this regard, much has been accomplished already. Establishing a flexible exchange rate policy, and rehabilitating the rural banking system are measures still to be carried out. In the trade and Industry areas, the new GOP plans call for market-oriented policies which will promote Industrial efficiency. Planned reforms in the structure of import protectionism would eliminate the bias in favor of import-dependent and inefficient industries and would thereby encourage exports. Remaining price distortions across sectors would be ellainated, Including unwarranted tax and duty exemptions. Further adjustment in the sales tax structure will be undertaken. Small- and mediur-scale Indus tries, particularly those with strong agricultural linkages, will be encouraged. $ The GOP also has taken steps to check the further proliferation of public corporations and to enforce financial discipline. The Government intends that state enterprises would no longer be entitled to undue competitive advantages, and Government support to such corporations would be liaited. The GOP 18 taking some steps to rationalize the scope and size of the government financial institutions within the framework of the overall financial system to make them more supportive of, rather than competitive with, the private sector. U.S. policy is to work with the IMF, IBRD, and other donors to support the GOP in implementation of its economic reform program. Because of the historical ties between the two countries, the United States has a profound Interest in supporting the cause of democracy in the Philippines. In addition, the United States has a major security Interest to maintaining access to Clark Air Force Base and Subic Naval Station in order to defend sea lanes and our allies in the Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. Further, American companies have substantial Investments and markets in the Philippines. U.S. Interests are best served by an economically prosperous, democratic, stable, and market-oriented Philippines. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Agriculture and Rural Development: A.I.D.'s primary development objective in the Philippines 18 economic recovery and sustained growth through Increased rural productivity in both farn and off-farn enterprises. 1 251 709 PHILIPPINES Increases in rural productivity require substantial new loves tnent from the private sector, financed by rural household savings as well as venture capital from urban and foreign sources. Mobilizing new investment requires an appropriate policy framework, good physical infrastructure, functioning financial markets, a stable and secure environment, and new technologies and delivery systems. The Budget Support Programs (492-0404 and 492-0407) and the 1986 PL-480 Title I program provided essential financial support to the GOP, enabling it to undertake significant reforms affecting the rural economy. Reforms Included the abolition of monopolies in sugar and coconut marketing, wheat and wheat flour imports and beef imports. The GOP also adopted policies favoring more market competition in fertilizer imports and distribution. The Rural Financial Services project (492-0394) is supportiug GOP financial reforms, primarily the adoption of market interest rates. The planned FY 1987 Financial Resources Mobilization (FRM) project (492-0377) will support other reforms designed to end urban and capital Intensive blases. As an essential ingredient to implementing these reforms, the project will assist the GOP to divest its acquired assets and privatize selected public sector corporations. The Rural Financial Services project, the FY 1987 Ploancial Resources Mobilization (FRM) project and the new Accelerated Agricultural Production project (492-0385) are working in complementary fashion to support a package of economic policy reforns critical to increasing rural productivity. These reforms iaclude: adoption of market interest rates for agricultural lending; ending of urban and capital intensive blases in financial and investment policies; continued 11beralization in fertilizer marketing; and measures to promote crop diversification. A.I.D. Development Assistance (DA) and Economic Support Fund (ESF) activi- ties are continuing to finance construction of critically needed rural Infrastructure; e.g. irrigation systems, schools, roads, and markets. The Accelerated Agricultural Production project 18 financing renovation of small Irrigation systems and strengthening the local capacity to operate and maintain the systems. The Rainfed Resources Development project (492–0366) 18, inter alia, financing access roads for very remote highland villages. A PY 1987 project, Local Government and Infrastructure Develop ment (492-0391) will give priority attention to improving the institutional capability of local government to design, construct, and maintain Infrastructure that improves the environment for rural growth by providing better access, lowering operating costs and increasing productivity for agricultural and other rural enterprises. 252 710 PHILIPPINES BER AI.D. ! 58 te៖ ១ A.I.D. The Rural Plaancial Services project mentioned above is designed to help rehabilitate the rural banking system by putting it on a sound financial footing. Rey components of this effort are laproved mobilization of savings in the rural areas and improved efficiency of bank ing services. At the same time, the Financial Resources Mobilization project will help the Philippines develop its capital market and rationalize the venture capital Industry as a means to mobilize domestic and foreign savings for lovestment in productive enterprises. The Accelerated Agricultural Production project is supporting the GOP's efforts to revamp Its national and regional research and outreach programs to ensure these programs are directed toward developing and disseminating new technologies that are responsive and relevant to the nation's agricul- tural problems. The Ra Infed Resources Development project is supporting the development and delivery of an improved, field tested, community-based agricultural and agro-forestry system in rainfed areas. Under the PVO Co-Financing II project (492-0367), a grant for the Upland Parners Productivity Program is increasing agricultural productivity by introducing economies of scale and new programs in a gro-forestry. Population, Health and Nutrition: A second pa for development objective of A.I.D. is to increase the availability and effective use of modera contraceptives. The current rate of national population increase 18 estimated at 2.8% per year, the highest in East Asia. Under the population Planning III project (492-0341), overall prevalence of contraceptive use has increased about 1% per year. However, progress now appears to have halted largely due to eroding commitment and faltering implementation of the national program. A.I.D.'s current strategy 18 to (1) promote a policy dialogue leading to national consensus on the need for a strong population program; (2) improve GOP later-agency collaboration and program organiza- tion and implementation; and (3) explore alternative mechanisms for supporting private sector services. legtor T 12 tara Satma វិញ.1 than 4.1.) mive A third major development objective is to improve the delivery of health services which impact directly on improving the lives of the rural poor. Chief among these are programs to reduce infant and child mortality through oral rehydration, immunization, maternal child health services, and to improve the effectiveness of rural primary health care systems. This Includes encouraging needed health policy reforns, demonstrating viability of private sector financing schemes, improving cost-effectiveness of current services, and implementing better epidemiological planning and surveillance. To date, progress in the health sector has been slow, as evidenced by the Primary Health Care Financing project (492-0371) evalv- ation which indicated that a reorganization was necessary to refocus and accelerate implementation to more effectively address child survival problems. However, the new Oral Rehydration Therapy Component of the Prinary Health Care Financing project is now showing signs of impacting positively on diarrheal mortality and drastically reducing the cost of treatment. eller pide FO actic tea 253 711 PHILIPPINES Under the PVO Co-Financing II project, the Community Health through Integrated Local Developaent (CHILD) grant will reduce Infant and child portality la 400 depressed barangays encompassing 60,000 households (360,000 persons). A.I.D.'s program plans call for continued utilization of PL-480 Title II and Section 416 commodities, and centrally-funded projects for lactating mothers, infants and school children through maternal child health (MCH) and school feeding programs administered by CARE and CRS. Progress made in the nutrition sector beginning in 1978 has been eroded due to the ongoing econonic crisis, particularly in the Negros area where children between the ages of 1 and 12 are either seriously or marginally at risk nutritionally. A.I.D. is addressing this issue in concert with other donors lacluding UNICEF by expanding ongoing school feeding and MCH programs being imple mented by CRS and CARE. A.I.D. continues to monitor the situation in Negros as well as in other regions of the country and is coordinating with the GOP and other donors to address nutritional deficiencies country-wide. PY 1988 Program Agriculture and Rural Development: In FY 1988, the emphasis will be on implementation of ongoing projects with no new DA projects proposed under this functional account. The major focus will be on increased privatiza- tion, crop diversification, and improved production and marketing support for farmers. Key A.I.D. inputs for agriculture will be provided through the Accelerated Agricultural Production project (492-0385) and the Parning Systens Development Program--Eastern Visayas project (492-0356) which require only incremental funding. Funds are also being requested to continue the PVO Co-Financing II project (492-0367). Population, Health and Nutrition: Funds requested in FY 1988 for Popula- tion, Health and Nutrition will focus on maternal and child survival. A.I.D. requests Population Funds to pursue its population strategy through the Population Sector Support project (492–0396). The primary focus will be on Improving GOP child spacing services and expanding the role of the private sector to complement GOP efforts aimed at lowering fertility. The funding request in the Health Account will be used to: a) complete the epidemiological training and institution building under the Field Epidemiology Training Component of the Primary Health Care Financing project (492-0371); and (b) accelerate implementation of child survival action plans focused on improved immunization, oral rehydration, acute respiratory infections, and child spacing programs through the Child Survival project (492-0406) being laitiated in PY 1987. Punds are also being requested under each of the above functional accounts for the PVO Co-Pinancing II (492-0367) project. Selected Development Activities: Punds requested under this account will be used to continue the Financial Resources Mobilization project, as part of A.I.D.'s private sector development strategy, and for grants under the 254 712 PHILIPPINES PVO Co-Financing II project. Funding is also requested for the new Financial Management Improvement project (492-0403) to support the Philippine Government's Initiative to improve financial accountability at all levels of government. Punds for PL-480 Title 11 are being requested in spite of an earlier planned phased reduction of the program. A measured increase in the program from earlier years is necessary to provide continued supplemental foods to the growing numbers of unemployed and underemployed workers who are victims of the economic crisis. Funding will also be used to continue CRS and CARE programs country-wide, including Negros where marginal to severe malnutrition 18 being experienced. Economic Support Funds: To continue A.1.D.'s support for the GOP's effort at sustainable economic recovery, with emphasis on the rural areas, A.I.D. 18 requesting substantial continued ESP resources for FY 1988. One effec- tive way to promote economic recovery with a rural emphasis 18 to fund Infrastructure projects which will generate employment and income in the short run; and will support and encourage a revival of productive activity in rural areas. Such projects as schools, markets, and feeder roads would accomplish this, and would build upon past A.I.D. experience in the Philippines. A second effective way to assist with sustainable economic recovery is to provide fast-disbursing non-project assistance that will promote quick and decisive implementation of the policy reforms that the Aquino government has espoused, particularly in the areas of trade refors and privatization. The exact balance among these instruments will depend upon the outcome of ongoing discussions with the Philippine Government. MISSION DIRECTOR: Frederick Schieck E' - , . 255 713 SUMMARY THOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) CAN Ris CP ® -PROPOSE FY29- OBLIO- EX- ATIONS DI TURIS NEAR AST -ESTIMAT! PY87- OBLIG- EXDIN ATIONS DITURIS SUZEAU FORASIA Av> -ACTUAL FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH PYBS- OLI - EXPEN ATIONS DITUROS LOP 692 . L FYCE Y 0 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 OBLIG 3L! PLANNID AUTM --- PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE --- --- --- --- --- 62 --- --- AGRICULTUR, RURAL EV. AND NUTRITION 9.319 7.962 535 79 91 3.042 10,300 1,307 L 1.842 --- 1.643 1.343 90 --- . 316 3 79 BICOL INTRATSO AREA DEV III (RINCONAJA --- --- --- --- --- --- ܕܕܐܕܐܕܪ 2.661 2.790 2.770 1987 15 73 3 2.091 2.241 2. 103 2.939 --- 199 791 --- --- ... ... --- --- ... 214 ... 2.393 --- 35 31 2.314 151 2.996 3,037 --- ... .. --- 3.036 3.036 95 345 900 31 L 1.000 2.261 3.105 530 1.000 SHALL FARMER SYSTEHS 1: 47?-0345 ovo CO-FINANCINE I 2.605 3,331 572 3 35 700 1.175 1.000 --- 3.103 5.803 3,393 750 88 456 3 ONIMS SYST35 DEVEASTERN ISAYAS --- --- --- 1.250 --- 239 13,086 505 13.026 13.036 27 175 32 --- 27 6.770 16,818 --- 1913 16.813 3.789 33 2.535 1.000 1.350 304 303 21.999 1.300 1.576 37 25.500 2.000 1.126 1.172 6,250 723 1.753 3,802 3.610 1.975 7.582 5,062 .. --- 13,317 20.000 23.000 95 256 Creator loboden wol - Aromath the cowth intelligation to before December 31, on the thortador for downloaden of December 31, 1000th FY of time to be planned to PHILIPINOS 49?-3236 AGRICULTIRE RESEARCH I! 692-3336 JRAL SERVICE CENTERS 472-0310 73 3:CCL INTEGRATED ARSA JEV II (SULA) 692-0334 SHALL FAZER SYSTEMS :1 2-334 492-350 -C353 3 ..OCAL RESOURCES MANASETENT 472-7359 3 3 TALL AND MEDIUM INTERPRISE DEVELOP SINT 491-C350 ; 82 AIXED RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 3 **?-1967 PVCO-FINANCING ii 47-3385 ACCELERATE A ORICULTURAL PRO JUCTION Rotor to the plod praat met 714 SUNLARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 492 PHILIPPINES PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OR FY OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OILIG LOS PLANNED AUTHO 9 -IMROUSK FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- QALIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY37- Dal1G- EXPEV- ITUCES SNOI11 -PROPOSSO FY88- OBLIS- EXPEN: ATIONS DITURES 93 86 18.830 1.1 50 20.000 20.000 3.250 3.250 5.550 DO 91 &,620 250 1,250 239 CSL 500 . 1.000 1.000 --- --- 1.000 .. --- Сct 86 37 ARTICIPANT TRAINING PROGRAM 472-0402 • $6 ao FANILY INCONS AND EXPENDITUR! SURVEY -- 400 215 215 --- 215 -- 188 --- 27 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.799 17.443 OC 22.967 243 -- CO- POPULATION PLANNING 6 91 22.502 28,135 21.795 11.972 713 1.025 2.099 --- QC. 7 18 10.465 23,202 10.936 9,450 1.013 -- 2 --- --- --- --- 83 35.000 --- --- . --- 2.00 1.50C TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 713 5.039 --- 2.097 CCCZ ככ2,3 713 6.025 2.05 CCC 2 2.39 1.013 2 --- N!ALTM 32 12.113 12.113 12.113 1.661 --- 5.53 --- --- 492-034 G RURAL FINANCIAL SERVICES 672-0395 ENTERPRISE IN CONTUNITY DEVELOPMENT 472-0397 131,982 132.565 55966 20.303 19.304 7.970 5.790 17.643 כס4,3 22.067 GRANTS $ OSI'S 7,954 19.304 7.622 118.799 116.629 13.183 15.936 LOANS 13,597 12.939 92-03.1 POPULATION PLANNING TIS 492-0341 POPULATION PLANNING 1:1 492-0396 6 POPULATION SECTOR SUPPORT $7.967 $1,337 32.724 21,422 GRANTS 21.738 11.972 57.502 23.135 10.465 23.202 LOANS 13.935 9.450 492-0333 BARANGAY ATER II 'nontor CLOT 257 715 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED OROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP JOLLARS) CP 36 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIS- EXPONE ATIONS D:TURES -ESTINATED PY97- 3312- EXPEY ATIONS JITURES -PROPOSED FY88 OLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS L 33 32 6.526 3.673 851 - - 6.524 524 1,700 1.700 3 51 1.790 18 176 1.395 DOO --- --- : 30 93 1.500 1.047 132 0. 1.17) 1.53 3 34 33 600 B3 1.922 221 1.126 1.300 875 1.350 4.522 2.522 27 16,966 707 953 B02 2.500 547 2.650 16.466 15,456 L 37 1,334 306 --- 696 --- 33 PRIMARY 4EALTH CARE INANCINË 1014 1.334 99 --- 9.678 3.775 1.670 --- 4,372 "?-0.31 RURAL WATER AND SANITATION 12.750 .675 --- --- 91 20,000 --- --- --- --- 2.000 1.000 --- 12.353 6.326 *.901 12.234 3,422 9.372 C. 1.545 --- 33 --- 33 34 4,082 160 --- 199 4,82 6032 --- 975 --- 950 95 413 241 --- 168 --- o --- --- L TRAINING AND VILOPENT ISSUES 413 413 3 30 33 717 913 749 91 --- 32 --- --- --- --- BUREAU FOR ASIA TY NEAR EAST PILIYOIN!S PJ:CT NO. 2 Tiii L PY OF RY OF | INITIAL FINAL OBLI OLIG LOD PLANN:D AUTM -THROUGH FY85- 03LIG- EXPEN- ITIONS DI TURIS 672-3.13 BARANGAY STERI! 9.-2341 OPULATION PLANAVG III 692-0345 VO C3-EINANCING I 452-0357 CO-FINANCING II 572-0371 3 e3 >RY HEALTM CARE FINANCING 62-0371 492-0-05 30 INTEGRATED MCN FOR CHILD SURVIVAL TOTAL ECR ACCOUNT 35,437 7,495 12.553 7.369 4901 12,267 3,422 9,372 72. 233 49.537 GRANTS 30.679 3,516 34,730 63.979 5.558 5.558 LOANS 5.558 3.979 JUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES ??-034 3 TRINXX AND DEVELOPUENT ISSUES 492-365 PV CO-FINANCINI I 'Roten to the planned project mary hot 258 Clad of attort setitty FY of fine btion colum-All project in this column with Initial obligation des before Deointer 31, 1930 and on the author and date. For project with an initial obligation de efter December 31, 1906 the FY of final obligation in bed on planned dote 716 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSE DROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR A514 AND NEAR & 4ST 42 PHILIPPINES PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OP SY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 3 OBLIO 03LIS LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUSM FY3S- OSLIG- EXPEY- ATIONS DITUROS -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -9118c -USTIATED FY97- EXPIN STIONS DITUROS -0.750 -PROOOSE FY! - EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 33 600 126 566 263 333 350 302 OS: 1.766 1.156 2010-26) 97 " JOC COC, --- 3.000 --- 1.00 CSS 492-0367 : V CO-FINANCING II 5 36 PARTICIPANT TRAINING PROGRAM 492-0405 MANAGEMENT TRAINING 55? . 35 CCZ --- 1.) --- 40 200 200 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6.013 1.224 3.766 65? 1.300 1,974 COS 1,00 11.215 10.735 Sosis 283 3.766 1,320 1,965 COS 1. GRANTS 10.797 10.367 418 412 LOINS 418 --- 241 --- 163 --- SELECT DEVELOPENT ACTIVITIES 78 73 3.295 1,298 --- --- 723 ככ1,2 --- --- 42-0294 NON-CONVENTIONAL ENEROY DEVELOPMENT 3.299 3,298 --- ... L 73 76 7 3.352 04 --- 2.653 .. 1.303 672-32 ON-CONVINTIONAL ENERGY DEVELOPNENT 3.852 3,352 30 3 3 299 537 --- --- 15 --- --- -- 315 750 42-0345 PVCO-FINANCINI ! 34 3 --- 33 153 006 530 271 450 409 CSE 02-03 67 PVO CO-FINANC INS TI 2.130 1,330 39 87 --- --- ... . 5.000 --- --- 1.475 כנס,1 500 , 492-0377 FINANCIAL RESOURCES OILIZATION --- 12 --- 3.367 1.533 528 1. 546 COL 35 97 000 5 692-0301 3 TECM TRANSFER POR ENERGY JANASENENT 5.000 230 --- .. 100 250 --- 250 --- 36 91 3 692-3395 ENTERPRISE IN COMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 1.250 1.250 259 Con on the theorie de - A co do te 3. 109 DITURES AC3 Ence- 717 SUMMARY 3 ACTIVE ANS PROPOSED PROJECTS CP 58 -PROSEDY9B- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURUS - ESTIMATED PY97- J9L13- EXPIN ITIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL FY95- OBLI - EXPEN- ATIONS DITUR 25 750 750 --- 3,696 2.97! 2.272 1,303 --- 5,750 70.002 20.000 199.100 --- --- --- 910 --- --- 350.000 810 --- כככ.5 200 --- --- ... ... --- 200 315 37 6.030 1,603 --- 9.000 1.305 18.000 10.03 6S 4.560 ... --- 6.723 50C 5.000 31 209 5,810 26,512 15.0? ! 4,000 3,715 3.000 73.00 15.033 31 33 1,546 3.000 30.000 --- --- --- 190.000 193.020 31.000 93 0. --- -.. 157.530 --- --- ; ..Lig Vit } INFRASTRUCTURE 303,000 --- 300.000 --- ... 6.000 6005 --- 30), 390.000 --- ... --- ; --- --- נכנ,4 3 ...1.17 !! و 32:54 31 د مرز!::5 IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 3.7640 F23 15:4 AN) NE 4 PAST :::ܕܐܐܕ -TROUSN PY35- 3LI. PIEN UTIONS JITURES LO? PLANNED POSJCT NC. ANO TIT. 1 INITIAL PIVAL OLIS 3.000 ככב,1 2.346 691-0403 ONA CALAMIENT 14PROVAT 2.31) 3.495 11.954 2.979 4,203 2.173 33,045 15.439 1,000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.041 DOO 1,750 2.313 3.002 324975 2.453 21.93 11.623 !.952 3,352 3.392 LOOS 9:01.JNIC SUPORT SUNT ܐܕ .??-XXXX : PROJECTS UNDER DEVELOPMENT ; ژ:::::. LOCAL COST5 3U32: i 3.130 .:-)34) PROJECT 2953N 1,500 j LAK AC::55 ANI F50:2 RC405 471-361 i JAICIPAL DEVELOPIN' BUVO 73,566 $6.925 ..:)? 3 3:310SAL VOLOPHONT FUA) ...31 ۹:۲ هزا: 2:۷ 2:51 SUPORT 9344 on the world done. "Retent to the planned project summery short 260 Cunel dottort sethit PY of final a lotion coturn - All projects in this column with initial obligation des before December 31, 1903 for project with an initial obligation des after December 31, 1995 the FY of final obligation is bered on planned cote 718 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 492 PHILIPPINES 26.029 GRANTS CONTRY TOTAL GRANTS 74,57: 137,909 56,165 133 --- . PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 33 • LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL EINAL 3 03L13 OLIG LOP PLANNE AUTO -THROUGH FY85- CULIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY37- OILIS- EXPEN- ATIONS :TURES -PROPOSED FY3- 09LIG EM'EN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1,363,310 583.000 175,425 102,662 300.000 333,514 250.000 38,459 124.009 1,063,310 533,000 136,425 102.662 300.000 303,514 LOANS 250.000 33,453 124.00 24,020 TOTAL 1,373,607 642,704 322998 157,399 338.649 327,297 253,023 76,'11 137,000 56,165 233,547 120,937 338.649 323,023 1.337.131 793.738 33,75 43,966 253,037 LOANS 14,361 29,162 4,277 Roers to the planned project summary of 261 Cinel of hort activity of Finelobation solum-Al projects in the tema with interior down before December 31, me on the sherimod data Pero prope with million date ofter Dober 31, 19hY o final dan in planned dote DA F11An 1al 15 FY1983 other 719 750 750 NEW CNOGRAM Philippines Title Funding PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION fila thousands of dolore DA Financial Mgmt. Improvement Project FY1988 Life of Project Funding Number 197-0203 5,000 ED. & HR Population Sel. Act. Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 3 GRANT O LOAN O CONTINUANG FY1988 1989 1991 FY FY Project Purpose: To support the Government of Philippines and carry out development activities at the village and (GOP) initiative to improve financial recording, monitoring, provincial levels. reporting and auditing systems at all levels of the Philippine Thus, our strategy focus, among other things, is on further improving the capability of local Government. governments to provide services, including, improving the financial and auditing systems which support rural growth. Project Description: The project is a pilot effort to provide technical assistance and commodities to the GOP to embark on a Host Country and Other Donors: The GOP initiated this proposal nation-wide program to design and computerize new financial through its Commission on Audit which has been working for the sanagement and accounting systems for the GOP. past 18 months with the national computer center to develop eight preliminary modules needed to computerize the country's In order to begin this massive undertaking the GOP has accounting systems. While initial steps have been taken, the indicated a preference for U.S. technical assistance and GOP has expressed the need for assistance and advice from more computer equipoent. The new system will include all accounting experienced accounting firms. Although other donors have not transactions as input, bany standard reports as well as the expressed interest at this time, it is anticipated the capacity to develop non-standard reports, summarization of world-wide financial management improvement initiative of the financial information, automated input of the summary World Bank may support the expansion of this pilot effort. Information to the next highest organizational level, and sub-systems to audit all components of the system. The Beneficiaries: Primary beneficiaries will be the GOP at all government envisions that the design of the pilot financial levels, and those individuals who directly receive the system will take approximately two years and that the training. Other beneficiaries are the general population who installation, testing and implementation of the system will will receive the benefits of a more efficient and decentraltzed take an additional three years to complete. The pilot will be financial management and accounting system. tested at all levels of government from municipalities to the national account ministries such as Ministry of Finance, Office Major Outputs: All Years of Budget and Management and the Commission on Audit. National automated financial management and Relationship of Project to A.I.D Country Strategy: The auditing system including long-range principal theme of A.I.D.'s development strategy is that there system expansion plans X are significant structural constraints which impede rural growth and the efficient use at financial and human resources. Life of Program A.I.D. Financed Inputs: One such impediment is the almost archaic, highly centralized (3000) financial and auditing systems being used by the government. A.I.D.'s past efforts aimed at improving the technical and Technical Assistance 2,000 adainistrative capacities at local governsent to plan, finance, Commodities-computers, software, books, etc. 2,750 Training 250 U. S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, -0- Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, -0- Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 750 24,250 3,000 262 720 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide morOSED OBLIGATION Integrated MCH for Child Survival Source la thousand dolor DA $2,000 FY Life of Project Funding 1988 $2,000 $20,000 Number 492-0406 Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Projna 7 GAANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1991 FY 1993 Purpose: To significantly reduce the number of tatant and Children age tive and under will be secondary beneficiar les child deaths in the Philippines. as will pregnant and nursing mothers and high risk fertile age women whose health and nutrition are keys to infant survival. Project Description: The project will build on the initial success of andest imtun ization and ORT taittatives funded under Ma for Outputs: All Years the Primary Health Care Financing project (492-0371). The new project will integrate these technologies with those related Increase use of ORT 80% of diarrheal cases using ORT to infant feeding, nutrition education, child spacing and, EPI lamunization 90% under one year possibly, accute respiratory tofection. The project will be Tetanus toxoid for pregnant 75% of pregnant women driven by a focused progras of social marketing to build voben support for an MCH approach to child survival. This recognizes MOH workers trained and 10,000 aidwives; 200,000 BHWS; the lapor tance of the health and potential of the pregnant 11nkages established and 2,000 private sector anther to later child survival. A.I.D. inputs to laplement Nationwide mass media the project will include technical assistance, training, promotion in operation X mass media/advertising, chamodities and R&D costs. Collaborative efforts estimated between public and private Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: Besides practitioners X justifying continued health investments in terms of laproving Child spacing estimated as the quality of 11fe, avoiding resource wastage, and ultimately Integral part of MOH prograa X laproving labor force productivity, the main health strategy is to reduce mortality and morbidity in the Philippines, an A.1.D.-Financed Inputs: Life of Project objective this project supports. (30000) Host Country and Other Donors: In addition to growing GOP Mass media, advertising and promotion 5,000 health sector support through an increased health budget, Technical assistance 2,000 despite economic austerity, and a presidential decree setting Training 5,000 a goal of universal childhood Immunization by 1990, this Commodities (part. for EPI/ORT) 6,000 project will be complemented by child health programs supported Research (operational, surveys, special by UNICEF, WHO, rotary International, and CIDA assistance. studies) 1,000 Administration/management and evaluation 1,000 Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be the approxi- nately 3 of the population who are under age one (estimated Total 20,000 at about 170,000 in 1986) who will be direct project targets. Principal Contractor or one Unliouidetud Entotd Tot Cor 20,000 263 PHILIPPINES 22.09.NAME: Funding AG, RD IN Health D NEW Population ED. & HR Sol. Act U. & FINANCING (in thousands of tollen Obligation Expenditur Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Futuro Y OBILond 18,000 Propowd Fiscal Year 1986 2,000 AID 3707 (11-06) 721 Portugal 265 722 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FORE I GN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) COTTON TEXTILES, CORK & PRODUCTS.CANNED FISH 279 (1984) 6% (1984) EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984)PETROLEUM 525 10% 3.5% 456 (1985) 9% (1985) . COTTON . INOUSTRIAL MACH NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1974) 7.3% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)1.143 (1984) 1.088 (1985) 742 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 17% (1984) 16% (1985) (1986) TOTAL 73.6 MALE 69.8 FEMALE 77.3 (1970) TOTAL 67.4 MALE 64.2 FEMALE 70.8 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.)(1983) -2.383(84) -2,020(85)-1.488 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1970) TOTAL 71% MALE 78% FEMALE 65% TRADING PARTNERS: GERMANY. FEDER UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 58.3% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.$.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 2,841 (1983) 20.4% 1.5% (1984) 9% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 248 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) -0.6% (1978) 0.4% (1986) 0.8% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 26% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 3 (1986) 2 SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT CORN , PULSES 25% (1985) CASH: GRAPES , FRUIT OLIVES 29% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1979) 10.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1986) VINE , TOMATOES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14 YRS) 23.2% (15-64YRS) 65.0% (65+ YRS) 11.8% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT . CORN SOYBEANS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 17 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 28% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1983) 487 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1982) VIRAL HEPATITIS , GONOCOCCAL INFEC. TYPHOID & FEVERS (1977) 4.682 (83) 5.000 (84) 4,690 DEATH.. (1982) CEREBROVASCULAR ,PULMONARY CIRCUL, MYOCARDIAL INFAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) 7.046 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 125% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1977) -1.075 (83) - 2.239 (84) -2, 356 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 78% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. ( % (83) 7.8% (84) 10.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : 2. 1% PRIMARY.. 2.7% (84) 120 (1982) TOTAL AS X OF GNP ... MALE 120 FEMALE SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 42.7 MALE 46.6 FEMALE 07.4 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. TOTAL POST SECONDARY.. (1979) 1.0 9.0 MALE FEMALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 5,594 (84) 5.690 (85) 1.395 ..6 ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION EQUIVALENT TO 1.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) 266 COUNTRY: (150) PORTUGAL •BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 10, 239 PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 1.970 (1965-84) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 20.5% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GOP (1977) 5,757 (83) 7.239 (84) tillslla TI 723 PORTUGAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) FY 1986 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loon Grint 1 76,487 79, 812 80,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 76,487 79,812 80,000 TOTALS 76,487 79,812 80,000 P.L 480 Title 1 Title II TOTALS 76,560 11 79,812 21 80,000 1/ FY 1986 total excludes $73 thousand in ESF local costs support. 2/ FY 1987 total includes $100 thousand in ESF local costs support and $15 million in the FY 1987 supplemental request. See supplemental annex for detail. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Astus! (Estimated (Request) U.S. National 2.0 1.5 1.0 Foreign National 4.0 3.0 3.0 TOTALS 6.0 4.5 . Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIC, exceus property, and IC personnel Excludes TDP. Öne workyear = 2,087 hours. A5 | PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 33 55 88 27 10 37 20 23 Regional 7 4 4 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 1 1 Regional TOTALS 33 63 96 27 14 41 20 7 in-training refer to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree reeking during the FY & carryoven stiú in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe prior FY. bAcademic: degree reking. • Participants funded under regional programs (eg., CLASP AMDP). AID 3702 868) 27 267 724 PORTUGAL mayene Introduction 11.A. de N Portugal, a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with important security, commercial and institutional linkages to the United States, remains a close and reliable ally. Since turning back the threat of a communist takeover following the 1974 revolution, Portugal has focused 1ts political efforts on strengthening its parliamentary democracy. In December 1983, Portugal signed a new agreement with the United States which authorizes continued United States use of facilities in the Azores until 1991. sula 19.sta barelor werfer LL.D. rere tees Despite some significant economic advances, Portugal remains the poorest country in Western Europe with an estimated per capita Incone in 1985 of about $2,150. Portugal's present economic conditions are a legacy of its colonial-era economic policies and, in the aftermath of the 1974 revolution, the repatriation of some 700,000 refugees from former African colonies, the nationalization of key sectors of the economy, and the expansion of public sector employment and public social services. The Government dealt successfully with a balance of payments crists in 1977 and 1978 through a stabilization program supported by the MP and bilateral donors, including the United States. However, the economic situation began to deteriorate again in 1980. By 1982 the government budget deficit had reached 12% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation had accelerated to 22%. In response, an emergency economic stabilization program was introduced in June 1983. Negotiation of an IMF standby agreement followed. The austerity program reduced fiscal deficits to manageable levels but threw the economy into a severe recession with a resulting high social cost. Real wages declined by 10% in 1983 and 9% in 1984 but rose by 2% to 3% in 1986. Domestic Inflation averaged 29.32 in 1984 but declined to 19.3% in 1985 and an estimated 12% in 1986. Recent progress 18, in part, due to the decline in the value of the u.s. dollar and lower petroleum prices. coot tech he dov COP sel 10 Recent Government policy has aimed at reflating the economy, reducing unemployment (10.3% in 1985/86) and reducing inflation. with entry into the European Economic Community in 1986, Portugal has started a transition period which will have significant impact on its agriculture, industry and trade patterns and price support systems. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The A.I.D. assistance program inaugurated in 1975 Included training, feasibility studies for project development and investment planning, and a housing investment guaranty. This initial program was overtaken by the massive influx of returnees from former Portuguese Africa which required 268 725 1 PORTUGAL emergency relief aid and resettlement grante. Following this crisis, the A.I.D. program provided loans for social infrastructure and grants for multi-sector technical assistance and training. Seven loans and two houa ing guarantees were made for low income housing, school construction, basic sanitation, and rural health. When the economy faltered in 1977-78, the United States loaned $300 million as part of a highly successful multilateral economic stabilization program. Since then, most U.S. assistance has been related to mutual security arrangementa, Much of the funding provided has been used by the Government of Portugal for economic development activities in the Azores. The United States also provided emergency relief and reconstruction support following the 1980 earthquake in the Azores. A.I.D. completed and put in operation throughout Portugal 45 primary and secondary schools, 14 rural health centers and a nursing school in the Azorer, A total of 7,400 housing units and 69 water and sevage systems were also completed. Earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction to the Azores was completed in 1985, Prom the Inception of its program in Portugal, A.I.D. has emphasized technical cooperation and the development of linkages between United States and Portuguese institutions. Important areas of collaboration were, and continue to be, business management, investment promotion, science and cechnology transfer, agricultural development as well as other actions designed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of key institutions. The bilateral A.I.D.-financed technical cooperation program is being phased dowa. The Agricultural Production Program will continue through FY 1987. The Technical Consultations and Tralalog grant vas extended in m 1985 to continue through 1989 to cover the completion of major technical cooperation activities and provide technical support for the Housing Guaranty Program. In 1985 the Government of Portugal established the Luxo-American Development Foundation (LADF) which provides for technical cooperation between the United States and Portugal, principally in the private sector and in the area of science and technology. The Foundation has the authority to provide assistance designed to modernize the Portuguese econoty, increase levels of investment and exports, and promote joint business ventures by the private sectors of both countries. Through mid-1986, the LADT had financed 73 projects for a total of $5.7 million, of which some 46% vere in the top priority private sector. With the exception of cash transfer payments related to security agreements, m 1981 vas the last year for new economic assistance to Portugal. As of the end of PI 1986, only about $4.2 billion under two grunt financed projects remained in the pipeline. Deing a portion of the T 1985 and m 1986 cash transfers, the Government of Portugal has thus far provided the Luso-American Development Foundation 269 726 PORTUGAL with an endowment of $74.5 million. As economic cooperation with the United States continues, the Government of Portugal has indicated that it plans to provide additional funding. The second $25 million tranche of the planned $75 million Housing Guarantee Program was authorized by A.I.D. in PY 1986 and the first borrowing ($12.5 million) has been contracted in U.S. capital markets. In addition to providing the Government with hard currency and easing the critical shortage of low cost and affordable housing 1o Portugal, the progran also has significant policy objectives related to housing finance, the reduction of subsidies, costly construction standards, and encouraging private sector participation in housing. The third $25 million tranche 18 planned for late PY 1987 authorization. An FY 1987 supplemental request is being made for $15 million which will be provided as a cash transfer for Portuguese econonic development. It 18 our understanding that the Portuguese will use these funds to add to the endowment of the Luso-America Development Poundation. See separate supplemental anner for details. A .. PY 1988 Program As in FY 1985 and FY 1986 and as currently planned for FY 1987, it is anticipated that $40 million of the $80 million requested for FY 1988 will support the Azores development budget. The balance is expected to be used to capitalize the Luso-American Development Foundation. AID Affairs Officer: William F. Gelabert 17 O 21:1 !, . 270 727 SUNDAY OF ACTIVE AVO PROPOSE PROJECTS CIN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS > CP 88 -ACTUAL FY26- OBLI EXPEX- AT IONS JITURES -ESTINATED FY37- 0?LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED FY88- OLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 20.000 20.000 --- 3 2. 26 20.30 20.000 --- 20.000 20,000 ز 36 76 --- --- 36.437 5.437 36,437 DO 36,487 --- --- --- . 37 27 79,712 64.712 --- O --- 70,712 79,712 --- 3 39 53 90.000 --- --- --- -- OO. 85.000 80,000 3 97 37 100 --- ... .. --- 103 130 ... --- --- 25 CAL CONSULTANTS AND 75 12.750 12.750 12.750 10,348 --- 459 --- 2.000 243 1,433 --- 1.968 ... --- OOO --- --- --- --- --- --- POS: NSAR AST 15. 27. AL a) OCT . 4. TITLE YEYO 1 INITLINAL 03LIG OLIG LOP PLAYN:D AUT THROUGH FY95- 03::rº • ATIONS DITURES :: 00 SURT FUND 15; -1010 3 נכב,22 (43) :: : ۲۹ دی ۔ 20.000 15 )۰(: 11 AS, TRAVER (ALOP:5) 150-K01 ::STAVSF32 15.-K.13 CASA TRANSFE? 150-XX35 OS TRANSER 13- LCS LOCAL CCSTS SUPPORT 15:-0331 TRAINIS 93 13.-4.23 Å, I CILTJR: ROOJ:11OY PROGRAM 10.000 13.000 6544 ככככו TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 257.349 143.49 22.750 16,592 76,437 7,434 79.912 83,780 80,000 80,243 SRINTS 257,249 153.949 22.750 16,592 76,437 78,434 79.812 83,790 90.000 80.243 LOANS CSIRY TCial TOTAL 25,249 163.949 22.750 16.592 76,437 78.434 79,812 83,790 80.000 80,243 ANTS 257,24 163.749 22.750 16,592 76,437 72, 434 79.312 83.790 20.000 80,243 LOANS 'Roter to the planned project way hot 271 Curel of effort activity FY of final obligation column - All projects in the column with winkel bigotion dete boforo Dec 31,100 bed on the author and one. for project with an initial obligation date of December 31, 1800 the FY final obligation on a planned to 728 ting sa ter 守 ​TOTA 11* 101 South Pacific Regional Program 273 起 ​150 729 SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual) 4.946 (Estimated) 4,000 FY 1988 (Request) 4,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 4,946 4,000 4,000 957 500 11,700 500 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 957 495 11,700 6,398 4,500 15,700 254 P.L 480 Tide 1 Title Il Solomon Islands TOTALS 254 6,652 4,500 15,700 FY 86 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 87 FY 88 Category (Astue)) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 4 4 4 Foreign National 2 2 TOTALS 6 6 "Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HTG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. FY 87 Ab I PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 86 FY 88 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total A Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 7 36 43 37 46 8 44 52 Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald 29 30 59 26 16 28 20 48 Regional TOTALS 36 66 102 35 53 88 36 64 100 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree reking during the FY & carryovere still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe prior FY. bacademic: degree reking Participante funded under regional programs (eg, CLAS, AMDP) AID 370-24) 42 274 730 SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL Introduction police internat The South Pacific program area, comprising ten 18 land nations with diverse geographic, demographic and economic characteristics, covers three major ethnic groupings: Cook Islands, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu and Western Samoa are Polynesian; Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu are Melanesian; and Kiribati is part of Micronesia. The diverse historical, cultural, environmental and political aystems in the region make development a complex and difficult challenge. Collectively the nations comprise over 1,300 1slands and atolls scattered over an area of more than 5.6 million square miles. Approximately 4.6 million people reside in the region, most of whom live in Papua New Guinea (70%) and Fiji (15%). Most Pacific Islanders reside la rural areas, ranging from 90% rural dwellers in the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea to a low of 60% in F1ji. reklo melody Agency Berelo Hinat Progti Most of the workforce 1s engaged in agriculture and fisheries. While this proportion has been declining for some time in relation to those 10 non-agricultural and services sectors, it still represents the major part of the cash economies. The level of employment in subsistence agriculture 18 very high. Unfavorable balance of payments positions and low foreign exchange levels are common regional problems. Government priorities in most nations are aimed at finding suitable employment opportunities. However, even significant industrial development 18 unlikely to generate alternative employment for traditional farmers and fishermen. test stud fron ods Melanesia in particular suffers from a variety of serious health problems. Drug-resistant malaria 1s endemic to most of the region. Infant mortality rates range from 90 to 150 per thousand. Life expectancy of women in some rural areas 18 below thirty years and accommodates an abyonal quality of life, exacerbated by high fertility rates maintained to compensate equally high Infant mortality. Local government's response to these problems 18 inadequate and slow, compounded by a lack of technical expertise. U.S. policy in the South Pacific aims at limiting influence in the region by the Soviet Union and its surrogates, and maintaining access to the region's ports. The Soviet Union has challenged the former objective la recent years, with a coordinated and carefully focused effort to gain a permanent foothold in the region by offering the island states financially attractive fisheries agreements. While a one-year agreement with Kiribati has recently expired, the standing offers to several other island nations require constant U.S. political vigilance. Additionally, New Zealand's ban of u.s. warships has encouraged anti-nuclear activists in the South Pacific to pressure island governments to follow a similar policy. lo sec * : 1 9 275 731 SOUTH PACIPIC REGIONAL Ma for v.s. Interests in the region that derive from this policy objective are: (1) to counteract efforts by anti-nuclear forces to close the region to 0.8. ships and aircraft; (2) to assist friendly governments that pursue policies supportive of U.S. Interests both in the region and in international fora; (3) to preserve and restore regional goodwill toward the United States, which has suffered from a lack of any real U.S. presence in the region since the end of World War II; and (4) to preserve U.S. access to fish seabed resources in the region's exclusive economic zones. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Data A.I.D. assistance is provided primarily through regional Institutions or regional projects to the ten Independent island countries (F1j1, which 18 a regional beneficiary, also began receiving bilateral assistance in FY 1986). Regional institutions supported by A.I.D. include the University of the South Pacific, the South Pacific Commission and the Forum Fisheries Agency. Principal regional projects are South Pacific Regional Agriculture Development, South Pacific Commission Multi-Support, Fisheries Development, Private Enterprise and Development Support Training. Other activities include small grants to local communities through the Accelerated Impact Program, implemented in part with the U.S. Peace Corps; and a PVO Co-Financing Project, implemented by indigenous and U.S. private and voluntary organizations. In February 1984, A.I.D. established a task force to make recommendations on how best to focus its development strategy in the South Pacific. As a result, a study team was sent to the South Pacific in October 1984. The study's findings substantiated and refined the current program transition from its beginnings in the late 1970s and provided the basis for a development strategy focused on agriculture, health, development administration and private enterprise development. In terms of overall resource levels, fisheries has become the predominant sector for U.S. 888istance to the South Pacific. A.I.D. participated in recently-concluded fishing negotiations between the U.S. Government and 14 Pacific Island governments. A.I.D. used the negotiating venues to chair several roundtable" discussions on fisheries technical assistance requirements identified by Pacific 1sland governments. Then as an Incentive to reaching agreement, A.I.D. designed a project based on these needs, and began funding in FY 1986. This $6.5 million, four-year South Pacific Pisheries Development Project (879-0009) marks the beginning of extensive assistance to regional fisheries and 18 meeting fishing Infrastructure needs by 1) strengthening 1sland nation capacity to adapt and transfer fisheries technology through existing regional institutions, 2) improving both offshore and Inshore fisheries capabilities, 3) improving access to markets, and 4) providing training to Laprove local fisheries ladustry management. 276 732 SOUTH PACIFIC REGIONAL Ale to haract Ultimately a regional fish licensing agreement was approved in principle, based on the understanding that A.I.D. would further request a five-year economic assistance package comprised of both a cash transfer as well as an additional fisheries development assistance component. The treaty supporting this agreement, together with a request for supplemental funding to finance the agreement, 18 being sent to Congress early in PY 1987. A.1.D. assistance to the agriculture/fisheries sector has been delivered through both regional institutions and regional projects. Technology transfer and institution building are major objectives. The largest A.I.D. grant in the South Pacific Regional program ($13 million over eleven years) is a Title XII collaborative assistance grant with the University of the South Pacific (USP) and the Universities of Havail and Cornell for South Pacific Regional Agricultural Development (879–0267). The project, started In FY 1980, 18 upgrading the faculty and facilities of the USP School of Agriculture and supporting the School's research, education and extension services to countries served by USP. Hawaii and Cornell Universities provide technical assistance through the on-campus presence of six U.S. experts. Pive lecturers from USP are receiving graduate training at U.S. institutions. Pour Master's degree participants returned to the School of Agriculture from 1983-1986. The SPC Multi-Project Support Project (879-0006) has supported ocean fisheries research by the Tuna and Billfish Assessment Project directed from SPC headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia. The project is helping several 1sland governments to document and better comprehend the extent and patterns of their fisheries resources. Accelerated Impact Program (879-0256) grants have financed 427 subprojects since it began in FY 1979, with approximately one-third of these in the agriculture sector. Similarly, an ongoing portfolio of some 20 grants with PVO8 through the PVO Co-Financing Project (879-0001) have focused on "grass roots" community projects within the agriculture/rural development sector. Assistance to the health sector has supported, through technical assistance, the health delivery system and institutional capacity of the ministries of health and government-run national medical schools in Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Water and sanitation programs in several countries have also received assistance. An FY 1986 grant to the Foundation for the Peoples of the South Pacific 18 helping to create a new regional organization, the South Pacific Family Health Federation. Other PVO activities include maternal and child nutrition and primary health care. Helen Keller International carries out programs for the visually handicapped in four island countries. tescit atres IT 1988 Secre EDET POJE 277 733 SOUTH PACIFIC Development administration training has benefited some 261 islanders who have returned from the United States or third countries over the three years since the regional training program began. Their skills are being applied in both the public and private sectors. Prior to the laittation of the Regional Private Enterprise Development Project (879-0003) in FY 1987, A.I.D. supported a number of financial management and marketing work shops, islander product promotion activities, and programs introducing outside lavestment and enterprise to the Pacific. These initiatives have encouraged 18lander private sector activity and resulted in increased or new export sales for a number of island Industries. Since PY 1985 A.I.D. has supported income generation and entrepreneurial activities through PVO projects. PY 1988 Program FY 1988 funding will continue ongoing projects at a modest lacrease in overall funding. An increase is requested for ESF funding in support of regional fisheries activities. CCOP/SOPAC (879-0012) provides $200,000 in funding for the Technical Secretariat of the Committee for the Coordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas. Begun in 1982, this project was formerly funded centrally and was identified as CCOP/SOPAC (936-5724). Regional Director: Willian Paupe 278 734 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) BUT EAU POR ASI4 AND NEAR EAST 679 SO PACIFIC RUSIONAL 1 PROJ!CT NO. ANO TITLE СР 19 LEY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG LOP PLANN! AUTNO 91760 -THROUGH FYES- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL Y86- OBLI;- EXPEN- !TURES SNCI IV .!!760 - ESTIMATS. FY37- EXPIN- ATIONS ITURES EXPER- ATIONS DITURES - fils COSCoac- -91760 AZRICULTURE. PURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION 3 66 6.933 7.500 3,672 1,524 1,553 2.616 CC СОe --- OCS 37 26 1.350 --- CCS 10) 202 150 95 99 1.100 1.15 300 --- 200 355 Ссг 209 200 100 CE COZ --- --- --- --- 193 וכו --- 9520-023 . 73 37 COZ ACCELERATED IMPACT PROGRAM --- --- 700 OCZ --- CCZ 100 --- 75 3 90 91 13,000 4,640 2.908 נכ13,3 OCS 1.382 1.00 1,500 כפ?,1 1,300 ! TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.200 2,200 2.525 3612 6,532 2.400 4,351 2.620 CC 22 2,209 2.525 --- OO- --- --- --- POPULATION PLANNING 3 85 500 --- --- OCS --- --- CCZ --- --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- ... --- CC2 GRANTS 500 500 COC LOANS 37-0031 PVO CO-FINANCING 877-0003 ?!5IONAL PRIVAT! ENTERPRIS! DEVELOPM!NT 270-000 SPC MULTI-PROJECT SUPPORT 377-0010 3 93 ACJ!CT DEV.IPLEINTATION SUPPORT 37-3267 SOUTH PACIFIC REGION AGRICULTJRAL DE V 23,233 22.300 3,612 4.532 2.400 4,351 6.000 GRANTS 23.233 22.300 LOANS 67-0001 PVO Co-PINANCING 500 500 NO 279 codon Poco- Administerio deset De 31, od on the throne Prawo Dec 31, 10th of incond on planeddoto T9PYOR 735 SUSAY - ACTIVe AND PROPOSED "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 88 -PROPOSED FY88- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES SuidAU FCA ASIA ANYAR 4:5T -ESTINATED F787- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY60- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 50 PACIFIC ESIONAL -THROUGM FY95- LIG- EXPEN 4T ONS DITURES 175 LOP PLANN! 377 200 L FY OF SY ? 1 INITIAL FINAL LI: OBLIG 100 200 107 PROJ!CT NO. & TITLE 200 100 169 200 355 100 ככ2 1.55 1.255 300 3 1! ALTM 372-0001 PvO CO-FINANC:N3 200 --- 130 275 400 833 200 200 69-533 0 - 87 - 24 400 3 $5 637 77-0000 SoC MULTI-PROJECT SUOPORI .30 275 169 400 455 200 400 2.755 2.355 487 TOTAL 502 ACCOUNT 400 169 455 OO GRANTS 2.755 2.355 CO. 900 100 LOANS 700 100 2,255 400 600 609 600 600 35 --- S03 375 43 85 3.000 3.000 99 75 O 100 67 100 100 67 67 100 34 100 --- ... 620 600 35 39 :7-003 SOC MULTI-PROJECT SUPPORT 3 175 2:7 1.575 237 237 800 92 1.419 990 $79-0276 SPC/CCUMUNITY EDUCATION TALINI CENT: 2.965 1.300 1.575 1.712 309 6,267 1.619 803 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 7,494 13.299 2.965 1.000 --- 1,712 6,267 20. S::C:: DEVELOP ACTIVITIES 280 1,529 EDUCATIO! ANO MUMAN RESOURCES 3.519 5.549 9.345 3 271-OC-1 VO CO-FINANCIN: DEVELOP SONT SUPORT TRAINING 34 دن -1: . 27-0035 5?CIMSALIR DUCATION GRANTS 13.29 LCHAS 'Moon they dort Yonco- Matic Redondo, FY 736 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) OUPEAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 177 SO PACIFIC REGIONAL CP 39 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LFY OFFY OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNE AUTM TMROUGM FYS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTINAT! FY37: OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -DROPOSED FYS3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES סכי,1 32 530 350 : --- 795 832 1.350 37 92 .. ... --- 175 200 73 1.615 1,503 400 231 200 155 400 350 5.000 3.000 079-0236 ACCELERATED INPACT PROGRAM 1 730 1.027 ככ2 150 525 500 2.145 1.535 700 1.027 200 130 525 600 OPO OO. --- --- ... --- ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND DO 88 22 65.000 --- --- --- 9.000 כסכ,9 S 96 3 . 757 --- 500 400 200 1.500 6.300 5.000 --- --- . --- 200 --- --- 200 .. --- 92 1.00 750 93 5.000 ... --- --- --- 239 150 95 200 --- SOO 10.5 SO 800 11,700 9 57 55 11.709 6 C 957 10.550 --- LOANS 281 879-0001 3 VO CO-FINANCING 87-0003 REGIONAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.145 1.535 6. 250 3.832 GRANTS 6,250 3,832 LOANS 379-XX86 PA CASM TRANSFER 877-0009 SOUTM PACIFIC PISMERIES DEVELOPNENT 93 877-0010 ; $6 PROJECT JEV. & INPLEMENTATION SUPPORT 1.600 1.600 379-0011 PFA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 377-0012 CCONI SOPAC SECRETARIAT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 58,300 6.600 GRANTS 53.350 5.600 ' more Cuador F-A ". DITORS - של איזי LI 737 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) Suteau FOSIS AN EAST 27 30 4::FIRESICAL CP 88 POST A. IN TIL L Y = SY OF 1 INIT*L:NAL ; 3L!3 3LI 3 LO PLANNO AUTHO -THROUGM FY3S- OBLIG- EXPEN- STIONS JITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATSONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY37- IBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OOLIS. EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 15.479 7.48 5903 3.731 4.500 5.359 15.700 15.650 1.2.522 6.53€ SAINTS 15.479 7,948 5.933 9,731 6,500 5.369 15.700 100,992 4.596 15.650 'Noten to the planned project womery het 282 Cudotton the Y al final qution com - All promon in the column with incon dos bolore December 31, 1 bed on the wthor and for Perditio don D31.10 the FY of Proton to deplored. 738 739 PROGRAM South Pacific Regional Tide PYA Cash Transfer Funding Source PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health ESP FY 1988 9,000 Initia Obligation PROPOSED OBLIGATION fie tronde of color Life of Project Funding 45.000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1992 FY 1992 Number 879-XX88 NEW Population ED. & MR Sel. Act GRANT D LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 Purpose: To provide funds to the Forum Fisheries Agency (PPA) for disbursement to South Pacific Island nations involved in the U.S. - South Pacific Pisheries Treaty. Beneficiaries: Beneficiar tes will be defined by recipient host governments. Identification of beneficiaries will be a component negotiated in the drafting of the cash transfer agreement. Major Outputs: All Years 5 Project Description: In order to reach an agreement with the South Pacific Island nations, whose Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZS) include ar eas fished in by the U.S. tuna Industry, U.S. negotiators agreed to provide $9 million per year as a cash transfer over a period of five years. The agreement, which is still in draft, calls for the Forum Fisheries Agency (PPA), an Inter-governaen tal body which represents the Islanders in the negotiations, to be the recipient of the funds. The FFA vill disburse a small portion of the funds to all countries on a flat-rate basis, and the remaining majority will be distributed according to a formula now being devised which relates the recipients' shares to the value of fish resources in their respective EEZS. Provide budget support for recipient nations A.1.D. - PlDanced Inputs: LOP ( 8000) $45,000 Cash Transfer Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D.'s strategy is to apply its llaited resources in concert with other donor nations in a way which nurtures political stability in the region and ensures continued support of the U.S. and its allies. This project will bring an end to the seizures of U.S. tuna boats and the 111 will generated by those situations among Islands of the region. Host Country and Other Donors: The project will provide capability for additional development, either through direct application of the funds, or by using the funds in a way which enables host countries to use other resources for development purposes. Australia and New Zealand, primary bilateral donors in the region, have praised the U.S. for br laging the fishing talks to a successful conclusion. U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Principal Contractor or Agencies Porus Fisheries Agency - Recipient and Distributor of Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated through September ez Proposed Fiscal Year 198.8 Futuro Year Obligations 36.000 Estimated Toul Cor 45.000 2.000 AID 3707 (11-06) 283 GELENGGAL PA Benele Develope 1900 2009 inside ding SamedContem Finder TO THA 1. At Population Weather 879-0011 ONANT O LOAN COWENLAND 1988 Y 1992 FY 1992 Purpose: To provide project assistance to developing countries Identified by the Forua Fisheries Agency (PPA) who participate in the U.S. - South Pacific fisheries agreement. All Year Ma for Outputs: To be determined by retivities approved Five A.1.D. - Tinanced Inputs: 1.0.P. 5,000 Project Assistance Project Description: South Pacific nations will submit requests for development activities to A.1.D.'s Regional Development Office (RDO-SP), 10 Suva, 7131. The RDO-SP vill review and approve these activities according to development guidelines now being worked out in the economic assistance agreement. Although such activities can be from any development sector, many fishing activities are anticipated, stace that subsector la an integral part of most laland nation econnatee. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D.'s strategy 1s to act in concert with other donors to malatain, through development assistance, political stability and nurture the pro-Western stance of South Pacific lsland nations on major political issues of inportance to the Vaited States. This Project assistance, as a component of a larger economic assistance package, seeks to gain more u.s. Visibility and fapact in our South Pacific development prograe, Host Country and Other Donors: Since the FPA consists of two prinary bilateral donors (Australia and New Zealand) to the South Pacific, the activities approved vil1 also be revieved by them. The project will be a component of hoet country development plans as well. Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries will be identified in the subo1ssion of individual activities. pel Contractor or And Porum Iloher les Agency (PPA) U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of Color Obligatione Expenditures Unfiguidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Totel Cost 22 Iture Voor Obligations 739 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION fin tronde dolor Life of Project Funding 5.000 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Projed MOOAAM: SOLLTU PACIEIC REGIONAL Tida YPA Economic Developaent Funding Souro ESF FY 1988 1.000 Initial Obligation FY 1992 Sal. Act ED. & HR FY 1992 Population FY 1988 NEW A11 Years O CONTINUNG Purpose: To provide project assistance to developing countries identified by the Forua Fisheries Agency (FFA) who participate in the U.S. - South Pacific fisheries agreement. Ma for Outputs: To be determined by activities approved Five L.0.P. Pinanced Inputs: A.I.D. 5,000 Project Assistance Project Description: South Pacific naţions will subait requests for development activities to A.I.D.'s Regional Development Office (RDO-SP), in Suva, Fiji. The RDO-SP vill review and approve these activities according to development guidelines now being worked out in the econoaic assistance agreement. Although such activities can be fron any development sector, many fishing activities are anticipated, since that subsector is an Integral part of bost Island nation econoctes. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D.'s strategy 18 to act in concert with other donors to maintain, through development assistance, political stability and nurture the pro-Western stance of South Pacific Island nations on major political issues of lapoſtance to the United States. This project assistance, as a component of a larger economic assistance package, seeks to gain sore U.S. visibility and 1apact in our South Pacific developaent prograa. Host Country and Other Donors: Since the PFA consists of two primary bilateral donor 8 (Australia and New Zealand) to the South Pacific, the activities approved will also be reviewed by them. The project will be a component of host country development plans as well. Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries will be identified in the submission of individual activities. Principal Contractors or Agencies Porua Pisheries Agency (FFA) U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Futurg Year Obligations 4,000 Estimated Total Cost 5,000 1988 1,000 284 879-0011 Number 2 GRANTO LOAN Proposed Fiscal Year AID 3707 (11-86) 740 Spain 285 MAR 741 FY 86 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (182) SPAIN BASIC DATA •FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 38,792 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984) IRON & STEEL PR, MACHINERY AUTOMOBILES PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 4.440 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965-84) 2.7% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 16.4% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, F08) (1983) 1,420 (1984)2,252 (1965)2. 434 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 8% (1983) 8% (1984) 10% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )FUELS . MACHINERY CHEMICALS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)3,455 (1984)3, 250 (1985)3, 265 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 17% (1983) 14% (1984) 13% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.$.) (1982) -9,250(83) -7,676(84)-3.981 NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION., (1974) 5.7% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 76.8 (1970) TOTAL 72.4 MALE 73.9 FEMALE 79.5 MALE 69.6 FEMALE 75. 1 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1981) TOTAL TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER 93% MALE FEMALE 96% 90% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP ( .) % • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) {:} AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1981) 6% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / $0 KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.9% (1978) 1.2% (1986) 0.5% 123 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS . (1970) 66% (1986) 78% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 3 (1986) 2 SUBSISTENCE: WHEAT ,BARLEY , PULSES 32% ( 1985) CASH: OLIVES ,GRAPES ,CITRUS FRUIT 20% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 51.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) CITRUS FRUIT ,VINE , TOMATOES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 22.7% (15-64YRS) 65.2% (65+ YRS) 12.1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) SOYBEANS , CORN COFFEE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 12 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1979) 17% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1982) 362 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, INTESTINAL INFEC, CHICKENPOX (1981) 47,464 (82) 45,998 (83) 41.482 DEATH., (1979) CEREBROVASCULAR ,OTHER HEART DIS., I SCHAEMIC HEART TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 60, 695 (82) 54.882 (83) 51,304 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . ( 1977) 131% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) - 13,231 (82) -8,884 (83) -9.822 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY .) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1981) 3.5% (82) 4.2% (83) 4.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP (1901) 1. 1% (82) 1.3% (83) 1.4% PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 92.8 NALE 93.0 FEMALE 91.4 SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL 103 MALE 99.0 FEMALE 102 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 18.7 NALE 20.6 FEMALE 16.7 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 11,229 (84) 15,787 (85) 14,897 EQUIVALENT TO 4.9 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION, ( 1984) 31.79 286 742 743 SPAIN SAINS Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant to country narrative is provided for Spaia. Por a program description see the Department of State Congressional Presentation Document, 11,484 12,000 12,000 AID/V Office Director: Gerald Kamens Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 11,484 12,000 12,000 TOTALS 11,484 12,000 12,000 P.L. 480 Title Title 11 TOTALS 11,484 12,000 1/ 12,000 1/ FY 1987 total includes $7 million in the FY 1987 supplemental request. See supplemental annex for detail. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY Category FY FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National IOTALS Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY FY FY Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) Ab TO Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d Regionale Third Country Participants Bilateral Regional TOTALS (In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. bAcademic: degree seeking. Participanta funded under regional programs (e.g., CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2 (0-88) 287 prior FY. 288 743 1 SPAIN No country narrative is provided for Spain. For a program description see the Department of State Congressional Presentation Document. Gerald Kamens AID/W Office Director: - 288 744 745 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) OUPEAU POR ASIA ANO NEAR EAST CP 88 132 SPAIN 1. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L PYP PY OF INITIAL SINAL OBLIC LOP PLANNID AUTHO -THROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PTE- OBLI: EXPEN ATIONS DITUROS .NOX; -ESTINATID FY37- OLI: ATIONS 0:TURIS -PROPOSED 783 IBLIS- 6XEN ATIONS OITURES 91160 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND ... 2.000 ככ30 3 35 98 --- ... 6.699 7.000 6,735 COC 3.500 13.679 13,699 G --- . 37 37 OOO 12.000 12.010 1.000 5.000 ... ... ... 12.00 7.000 --- 11, 434 11.571 12.000 6030 12.000 10.500 LOINS --- --- 11,571 12.030 6.900 12.033 19.500 ... 11.571 12.093 CCO 9 12.500 12.000 5.000 4.735 4,785 152-AAAA JSIA TRANSPER 7.785 9.795 132-388. DES TRANSFER 152-XX37 ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUND $ 12.000 152-XXXX ICONONIC SUPORT PUNI TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 12.000 47.434 23,484 GRANTS 12.090 11.484 11,571 12.00 5.009 ככר,12 18.530 47.434 23.426 CO JATRY TOTAL TOTAL 12.000 47,436 23.434 GRANTS 12.000 23.486 --- LOANS 692 don Sri Lanka 745 Sri Lanka 291 746 COUNTRY: (383) SRI LANKA FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •BASIC DATA *FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANOS, NID 1986) 16.000 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984) TEA PER CAPITA ONP. TEXTILE SAGARMEN, RUBBER (DOLLARS, 1984) 360 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GN GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965-84) 2.9% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 14.9% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1982) 3.7% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) (1984) 280 (1985) 282 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 20% (1984) 20% (1985) 22x MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)PETROLEUM MACH & EQUIP .TEXTILES& MATL IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 116 (1984) 164 ( 1985) 129 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 8% (1984) 10% (1985) 7% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) - 665(84) -234(85) -689 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 69.8 MALE 67.8 FEMALE 72.0 (1970) TOTAL 63.9 MALE 62.5 FEMALE 65.3 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1961) TOTAL 86% MALE 91% FEMALE 81% TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , SAUDI ARABIA , UNITED STATES AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 41.2% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.$.). ( 1976-1985) ( 1984) 201 1.1% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 11.8% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP.... . (1984) 25% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1979) 763 POPULATION GROWTH RATE.. (1970) 1.9% (1978) 1.8% (1984) 1.3% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 22% (1961) 22% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR SUBSISTENCE : RICE TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. .(1970) (1966) 3 (1985) CASH: TEA RUBBER COCONUTS 35% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( 1982) SS.Ok MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1988) TEA , RUBBER , COCONUTS POPULATION (1965) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 34.2% (19-64YRS) 61.4% (65+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1988) WHEAT , SUGAR NICE PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 30 (1961) 45% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 1,610 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES ANO GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1981) PREGNANCY ACUTE RESP INFEC.PARASITIC OIS (1961) 933 (82) 972 (83) 1, 169 DEATH.. (1981) CIRCULATORY INJURY . INFECTIOUS DIS TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 1.486 (82) 1.650 (83) 1, 726 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 98% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1961) -553 (82) -678 (83) -557 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1901 ) 70% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1981) 1.7% (82) 1.4% (83) 2.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AOE GROUP : AS X OF GNP ... (1981) 0.6% (82) 0.5% (83) 0.8% PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 101 MALE 103 FEMALE SECONDARY.. (1976) TOTAL 54.7 MALE 62.9 FENALE 63.. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. 2.3 MALE 2.5 FEMALE 2.0 (MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 306 (84) 322 (85) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) TOUIVALENT TO 2.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) 13.3% 292 8. Ta 747 SRI LANKA FY 1986 Category Development Assistance Loen Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 24,496 18,000 10,846 10,154 13,650 7,846 FY 1988 (Request) 16,790 9,790 7,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other International Disaster Assistance TOTALS 25 24,521 18,000 16,790 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title 11 36,421 33,000 3,421 17,537 15,500 2,037 16,530 16,000 530 TOTALS 60,942 1/ 35,537 33,320 1/ FY 1986 total includes $4.496 million FY 1985 deobligated funds reobligated in FY 1986. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Actual (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 22 19 19 Foreign National 26 24 22 LOIALS 48 43 41 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, esceu property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 14 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Roquest) Ab TC Total Α. T Total A T Total U.S. Participants. Bilateral d Regionale 27 76 103 156 170 28 103 131 Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale 138 138 184 184 112 112 TOTALS 27 214 241 14 340 354 28 215 243 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programa prior FY. bAcademic: degree seeking • Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2 18-80) 293 748 SRI LANKA Introduction att İN 潮 ​OP! ge It 11 | Sri Lanka is an atypical developing country in many ways. While it still has an extremely low per capita income, $340 in 1985, it has already achieved very acceptable levels in the leading social indicators, It has a literacy rate of 861, an infant mortality rate of 30 per 1,000 and a life expectancy of 70 years. on the physical quality of life index, Sri Lanka compares favorably with Southern Europe. Sri Lanka is also one of the few viable democracies in the Third World with a multi-party system and free and open elections. Thus, Sri Lanka needs to focus more of its attention on accelerating economic growth while maintaining basic social and political services. The Government of Sri Lanka (GSL) liberalized its economic policies after the election in 1977. Those policies have resulted in GDP growth of over 5$ per year since 1977. The country, however, is currently facing economic difficulties due to the enormous drop in tea prices (the country's largest source of foreign exchange earnings), the decreasing availability of jobs in the Middle East, reduced tourism receipts and the need to spend increasing amounts on defense in order to cope with the insurgency in the north and east. The development budget is facing cut backs in order to finance the increased defense expenditures, to cope with servicing a mounting debt burden, and to make up the operating losses of state-owned enterprises. 1 1 Sri Lanka remains an agricultural society with over 758 of the people living in the rural areas. Tea, rubber and coconuts are the main cash crops accounting for over 558 of exports. Production of the most important plantation crop, tea, is dominated by state enterprises while production of the staple food, rice, is by private farmers. Rice production has increased at an impressive rate of 1.50 per year since 1977 du to opening the market to the private sector, increasing utilization of higher yielding varieties and bringing new lands under irrigation. Reliance on a narrow base of export crops, particularly tea, and on rice for subsistence production is a major structural economic problem. Diversifying agricultural production and increasing productivity and income is the approach identified by the GSL to overcome this problem. Implementing this strategy will require aggressively encouraging the private sector to take a leading role in providing markets for agricultural products, creating agricultural service industries and off-farm employment. Pollowing an initial decrease in the unemployment rate attributable to the more open economic policies of this current administration, employment opportunities have not kept pace with population growth. In addition, with the probable net return of workers from the Middle East, the country will face even more difficult employment problems in the near future. 294 749 SRI LANKA To further liberalize the economy and to reduce budgetary strains, the GSL is reviewing options on how to decrease its role in the economy by shifting ownership or management of some government businesses to the private sector and closing those with high recurrent losses. This effort will require attention to new ways of mobilizing investment resources. We see the GSL's efforts to diversify agricultural production and its increasing reliance on the private sector to provide employment opportunities as the most promising areas for A.I.D. to pursue in its development strategy. The United States remains interested in Sri Lanka because of its democratic traditions and its geopolitical position in the Indian Ocean. Sri Lanka also provides an important site for a Voice of America relay station. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Responding to key development needs, the A.I.D. strategy for Sri Lanka has two main objectives: (1) improving agricultural productivity and farm incomes, and (2) increasing off-farm employment through private sector development. In pursuing these development objectives and in fashioning its overall portfolio, the A.I.D. strategy stresses four themes common to the program in Sri Lanka: (1) reliance on market forces, (2) cost recovery and subsidy reduction, (3) expansion of the role and effectiveness of participatory local organizations and (4) increased availability of investment capital. While not equally important in each project, these themes provide an embracing rationale for the different sectoral emphases in a coherent program. The Accelerated Mahaweli Development Program will continue to get priority attention. The GSL, A.I.D. and other donors have made a considerable investment in the Mahaweli program. HOW ver, much remains to be done. A.1.D.'s emphasis in the Mahawell will shift over the next several years from construction of the major irrigation works to assuring better utilization of available resources in order to develop economically viable settlements. With over 75% of Sri Lanka's population living in rural areas, the need to improve agricultural productivity and rural incomes is paramount. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition (ARDN) financing makes up the major portion of funding needs and is being used primarily for projects involving irrigation and irrigation management, research for crop diversification and improved agricultural sector planning. This assistance is focused either broadly on the low and intermediate rainfall zones or specifically on the irrigation resettlement schemes under the Mahaweli Program. Though construction of large new irrigation systems is continuing in Sri Lanka both within and outside the Mahaweli Program, 1.1.D. strategy, in parallel with GSL thinking, is providing increasing emphasis to the 295 750 SRI LANKA 31 rehabilitation and efficient use of Sri Lanka's considerable existing irrigation infrastructure. The Water Management Project (383-0057), which was completed and evaluated during PY 1986, had a major positive impact on the distribution of water in the large Gal Oya irrigation scheme. That scheme had been particularly underutilized and poorly managed. The improvements came about not only through physical rehabilitation and modernized system level management by the Irrigation Department, but also through a strategy of building effective farner organizations. These organizations have played a major role in distributing water at the lower levels and achieving the cooperation of farmers and managers of the larger irrigation system. Associated with the project, the GSL instituted a water user fee to recover at least part of the costs for maintaining and operating irrigation systems. PL 480 Title I self-help programs have also focussed on improving this cost recovery effort. 25 el 13 de In large part as a result of the experience of the previous project, the GSL has undertaken a program to expand the newly developed irrigation management, cost recovery and farmer organization strategies to other large and medium scale irrigation schemes. A new A.1.D. project, Irrigation Systems Management (383-0080), was authorized in late PY 1986 to assist the implementation of those strategies in several important older irrigation schemes. D 1 t 1 1 A large part of Sri Lanka's agricultural development in the small farm sector in the low and intermediate rainfall zones has focused on rice cultivation, to the neglect of upgrading other subsidiary crops, particularly painfed crops. While Sri Lanka is approaching self- sufficiency in rice production, it does not produce an export quality rice. Purthermore, in irrigation schemes, it has become evident that it is difficult to raise farmers incomes above the subsistence level through the double cropping of rice. In 1985, the GSL completed an interagency National Food, Agriclture, and Nutrition Strategy with support from A.1.D. which emphasized the importance of developing subsidiary food crops, both to improve small farmer incomes and maximize output from Sri Lanka's resources in the dry zone. Several A.I.D. projects will support the increased emphasis on diversifying agriculture, The Diversified Agricultural Research Project (383-0058) concentrates on building the national capacity to conduct research on subsidiary food crops. The Agricultural Planning Project (383-0083), an outgrowth of the National Agriculture, Food, and Nutrition Strategy. focuses on interagency coordination of planning and policies, particularly with respect to diversified agriculture. Self-help measures implemented under PL 480 Title I are supporting planned and coordinated agricultural research as well as achieving other objectives of the National Agriculture, Pood, and Nutrition Strategy. 296 751 SRI LANKA while the projects with which A.1.D. has supported the construction of the bain and branch canals in Mahaweli system B (Left Bank) are nearing completion, the Mahaweli region will continue to be a geographic focus of the assistance strategy. The Mahaweli Agriculture and Rural Development Project (383-0086) will help get the agricultural economy fully operating and raise the incomes of new settlers above subsistence levels as quickly as possible. This improvement is to be accomplished by establishing sound water management practices from the system level down to the farm level and by doing fast-turnaround adaptive research to identify profitable cropping rotations suited to the varied soil types found in System B. Both these efforts will tie in with the other water management and crop diversifi- cation projects, A companion project, Mahaweli Downstream Support (383-0103), will foster policy change while financing the completion of downstream physical infrastructure related to irrigation and resettlement needed to stimulate the development of the farm economy in designated segments of System B. Despite the improvements in macro economic performance following the liberalization of the Sri Lankan economy that followed the rise to power of the current government in 1977, there are serious and persistent structural imbalances. These include: (a) continued budget deficits running at about balf of GSL revenues, (b) continued balance of trade deficits with imports exceeding exports by over 308, and (c) a high debt service burden, currently at 22.58. The ethnic disturbances which have affected Sri Lanka since 1983 have exacerbated these structural imbalances, but the imbalances cannot be corrected by an end to the ethnic problem alone. A dynamic private sector can make a major contribution toward reducing these imbalances. Such a contribution will require a policy framework conducive to increased investment by the private sector, encouragement of the private sector to play a greater leadership role in the economy, and a further strengthening of private sector institutions and capabilities. A major study of the private sector completed with 4.1.D. support in 1983 continues to guide mission planning for private sector development. The first project result was the Private Enterprise Promotion Project (383-0082), which has supported the establishment of the nongovernment sri Lanka Business Development Center. Though the center's activities in business management training, investment promotion, and rural enterprise development are taking root, its role in stimulating policy analysis and policy dialogue between the GSL and the private sector has not yet materialized as A.I.D. had hoped. It has, however, been involved in the articulation of a national industrial development strategy, which would limit the cole of the state sector and build investor confidence in the safety of long-term industrial investments. 297 752 SRI LANKA Select A major macro-economic issue important to private sector projects is the efficiency and effectiveness of the capital market. The Mission proposes to analyze the constraints to private sector development posed by the current state of the capital market and to discuss solutions to such constraints with the appropriate policy makers, addre proof sery Concern with the role and effectiveness of local level institutions is central to several of the Mission's projects. The continued viability of a nationwide system of thrift and credit societies is essential to the continued success of the housing loan guarantee program goal of providing private sector finance mechanisms. The PVO Co-Financing Project (383-0060) has supported subproject grants to private voluntary organizations, most working directly with local rural communities. Partly based on the recommendation of a 1986 evaluation, a follow-on PVO Co-Financing 11 Project (383-0101) is planned; it will make some changes in emphasis to build private and voluntary organization implementation and management effectiveness, but will continue the existing structure of subproject grants focussed on the Mission's major objectives. give clar PY 1988 Program LG Two major private sector projects are planned for authorization in FY 1988 and are expected to provide an important context for policy dialogue between A.I.D. and the GSL on private sector issues. One will be funded under the Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition account and the other will be funded under the selected Development Activities account. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition The Rural Enterprise Development Sector Project (383-0090) will test strategies for rural enterprise promotion as well as removing policy constraints to business investment in rural areas. The focus on the special Mahaweli areas combines I.D.'s interest in seeing the development of a diversified economy in the areas where considerable infrastructure investment has occurred with its interest in testing policies and strategies for private sector development which may later be adopted nationally. The special administrative status of the Mahaweli Authority provides unusual flexibility for policy development. Punding will be provided to the Mahaweli Agriculture and Rural Development Project (383-0103) to improve on agricultural productivity in Mahaweli System B and to the Mahaweli Downstream Support Project (383-0103) to provide the necessary policy and infrastructure framework for sustained economic growth. The Development Studies and Training Project (383-0085), which supports planning, policy development and training related to U.S. and GSL objectives, will be fully funded in PY 1988. 298 753 SRI LANKA Selected Development Activities The continuing split-funded Development Studies and Training Project (383-0085) is programmed to receive the balance of funding required. The Private Sector Development Program (383-0100), planned for 1988 authorization under selected Development Activities, is intended to help address policy issues related to broader private sector development, to provide assistance in the development of private sector institutions and services and to remove some of the financial and planning constraints to the privatization of state-owned business enterprises. The program will give practical assistance in implementing the privatization of state-owned enterprises, which may take the form of total or partial divestiture, closing of government corporations, issuing private management contracts, or otherwise bringing the state owned enterprises into a position of competing more equally with the private sector. Mission Director: Robert C. Chase 299 755 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR ASI 4 AY WEAR EAST 591 .ANKA CP 88 . LFY OR FI 0' I INI1:4L FINAL : LI. JLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTM) -THROUGM FYS- OOLIG- EXEV ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY96- OULIS EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - !STINATIO FY07- OBLIO EXPEV- 4TIONS DITUROS -PROPOSED FY88. OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES RICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 5.750 5.750 S. 423 --- 132 --- 195 --- --- DEVELOPINT SERVICOS A4) TRAININ 6.533 3 79 82 7.530 6.670 --- 329 --- Z -- --- 4%RICULT JAAL DUCATION DEVOLJOIT 7,500 7.50 e 33 1.450 --- 241 --- 200 1.450 1.450 --- 25 3 BEFOP STATION AND WATERSTED AA AGENT 95 6.943 1.461 --- 925 --- 2.570 .-- 1.000 EFORE STATION AND MATARS+99 MANAGEMENT 9.000 30 5,396 10.000 .. 026 1,469 --- L NA WEL: JASON DEVELOPENT I 1.131 10.30 1.000 754 3 4,800 6,235 210 --- --- AT! AVAIENT : 6,300 5.100 --- --- --- ... --- --- --- --- 79 7,064 3.800 --- AT SA 444;2XENT ! --- 2.300 10,300 3 35 7.900 69 --- 624 1.750 --- 1,550 DIVERSIPI!) AGRICULTJRE RESIAC + 7.900 7,930 L 35 3.500 13 --- 14 --- 1.500 3.500 650 --- 750 IV: SIFI! ACI JLTJR! 23.4C 3 7 2.500 517 316 --- 410 PVC CO-F!, CON 2.300 2.500 700 --- --- --- 97 3.000 302 696 --- 1.180 1.300 3. JO 811 3 ELI $45!* JOVILOXINT ** 95 107.000 82.252 --- 13.434 --- 11.314 A-AEL: 34SIN DIT?LIMENT :: 107.000 127,300 300 'Roten to the loved you dorty PY of fl- Ahlech Forhonch 3.10 -THROU DILIG- KP ON- UTIONS OITURES SVP DITUOS OTTUR ONS ONS כבלי 702 1.07 5.000 52.000 1.600 1.105 30 5.300 2.100 --- 3.654 1.509 3.46 525 655 172 FY 43 TITL. VO INITIAL PINAL DILIG PLONNSD OLIG AUTO 38 3-0075 2 S-000 JAYA ELI ENVIRONMENT 5.00 PROTECTION 333-0078 31 33 50.000 VANAVELI SECTOR SUPPORT 50.000 38 3-0090 6 96 87 6.900 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MANAJEMENT 6.900 351-0030 L :7 11.700 IRRIGATION SYSTETS MANAGEMENT 11.700 353-0032 G 93 33 1.500 "RIVATE ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 1.500 353-0033 36 36 4,700 AGRICULTURE PLANNING AND 4.700 ANALYSIS 383-0083 L 86 36 1.900 AGRICULTURE PLANNING AND 1.955 ANALYSIS 383-0095 3 97 36 3.300 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AND TRAINING --- --- 1. Soo 475 625 --- 4.700 --- --- --- --- 300 110 --- --- 1.900 --- --- 1.050 600 150 1.500 --- --- --- --- 1. 200 1200 --- 2.000 --- --- --- --- 10.200 כס 3 900 37 1.009 SAHAVELI AG AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT --- 2.000 --- --- --- --- 3.800 PO 37 1.500 L --- SANAVELI AG AND 2 JRAL DEVELOPMENT --- --- .. --- --- --- 10.000 1.50 91 88 RURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT SECTOR --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 21 3.000 .L 98 RURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPNENT 59CTOR 1.565 --- --- --- --- 3.06% PYO CO-FINANCINS II 3:! PROJECT NO. ANT!!! J33-9044 383-0049 331-355 3:3-0035 33-56 3:3-957 331-357 1:1-0.56 !!!-05 3'-0063 גייי• :! 3:1-73 ic!. o: 3. S-0086 383-008 383-0090 353-000 385-0131 301 755 300 SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS CIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST 333 SRI LANKA CP 38 PROJECT NO. AV TITLE L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OILIG OBLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTMD -THROUGH PY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED SY 97- OSLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITU ES -PROPOSED CYS- OLI:- EXEN ATIONS DITURES 3 92 36 5.000 318 702 1.07C 5.000 5.000 1.500 31 --- 33 53,000 --- 49,916 --- 0,300 50.000 5,300 87 1.100 OOO 930 1.400 383-0030 6 36 IRRIGATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT 6.900 6.900 --- 8.046 --- 3,634 1.500 --- 2.100 11.700 11.700 L36 IRRIGATION SYSTENS NANA GOMENT 363-0082 G 33 RIVATE ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 33 1.500 348 --- 172 --- --- 655 525 1.500 1.500 36 36 OOO --- --- 4.700 --- 425 --- 475 4.700 4.700 36 36 --- --- 1.900 --- --- 110 --- 300 1.900 1.935 3 37 98 3.300 --- --- --- --- 1,500 100 1.050 600 37 3 3 10,209 --- --- ... --- 2.000 --- 1.200 1,200 37 L 90 3.800 --- --- --- .-. --- 2.000 1.000 800 91 10.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.500 --- "1 5.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 1,50? --- 3 97 9? --- --- --- 3,046 --- --- 1546 --- 400 383-0075 AHAWELI ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 333-0078 SAHAWELI SECTOR SUPPORT 363-3030 353-0033 S AGRICULTURE PLANNING AND ANALYSIS 383-0083 L AGRICULTURE PLANNING ANO ANALYSIS 383-0095 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AND TRAINING 351-0086 SAHAWELI AG AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 383-0080 AHAWELI AG AND RJRAL DEVELOPMENT 383-0090 . 88 PURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT SECTOR 353-000 38 RURAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPENT 5.CTOR 383-0101 PVO CO-FINANCING II tody 301 dowcow -Al preth the Perdade chien de fora Doce 31,100 bedauerte date 31, the PYdenta 757 SUMMARY O ACTIVE AND PROPO 520 PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 9 ÉV F32 453 454 :AST $2! LANKA do TMROUGM FT89- OR!CT NO. IN TITL! L FY OR YO I:N:TIAL ORNAL 3 JOLIG LOP PLANNID AUT) -NaX; -91760 -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG EXP EN ATIONS OITURES - 1160 -ESTIMATED FY87- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURES -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 9190 ATIONS DITURES - 28 १० 790 Сс 2 50 O. 150 J!! -0193 3 AIL: 30.'ST! SUPPORT ::.-317! #1: "C#XST!A SUDOR? 27 3? 14.300 --- 0057 200 5,290 6.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 390.799 225,543 166,965 20.446 19,565 17.000 26,749 11. S40 19,417 OSS $52 MALT 3 75 33 3.000 707 636 900 959 3.0CC 3.799 --- --- 756 7 78 35 25,300 19.966 15 OCOS 2.519 25,500 26.000 --- --- --- --- 7 3 924 432 300 170 10 --- --- ... 1.224 1.224 300 30 32 ܐ 1.900 240 --- 1.069 1.000 2.200 591 ... 7 80 32 3.42 2.964 --- --- --- --- --- 3,442 6.000 110 2.000 2.744 1.495 --- 225 35 7 50 5.400 --- 200 --- 2.570 1.615 L A1: SUPPLY SANITATION 5:CTOR 1,30 7.300 302 on, U..AL -ACTUAL -NONE -COA monca FAST TS TTUR -NEX DITUES 0 A. A. LOP PLANNED AUTM SNOI DOLTO- ATIONS XP JITURES . :? PROJECT NO. AND TITLE INITIAL - INAL OLIO OBLIO 72 24,469 3.203 $.824 5.57 129 GRANTS 2. océ 11.124 11.-24 30.242 19.300 35.342 22.980 LOANS --- 200 CS CZ --- 652 100 939 959 200 656 --- 120 0900-ies SO Vo CO-FINANC IN 100 452 359 200 123 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 656 656 SO 100 959 652 GRANTS LOANS 550 CCS 169 S!LECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!5 265 750 356 1.136 450 SS 1.356 1.356 --- --- --- --- 201 330 695 1.500 --- 37? >VO CO-FINANCING 3:3-3032 53 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 313 3 1.500 1.500 104 500 1.000 251 1.250 130 OC 33 1.000 1.099 93 szivate ENTERPRIS: pecuoi con ככ1,0 --- --- --- 100 3.000 2.003 89 3 --- --- --- --- --- OS. 2.000 5.000 95 92 ; , --- --- --- --- --- --- 22 occuch ORANTS 39,400 18.866 10.500 3.921 6,846 6,737 3.750 9.336 77.046 52.050 222.343 23.900 LOANS 183.143 146, 102 9.946 10,156 13.012 7.799 10.061 35!-CO3 IALARIA CONTROL 333-0:43 MALAA CONTROL 3:!-300 VO CC-FINANSIN 323-9362 AT'L INST. IF SALT $IENCES, KALUTA 4 3:4-JJ63 APKT TIN 4192 SUPPLY J.NL COCOS 3.000 333-0!: 4:22 SUPPLY 3 SANITATION 5:CTOR 5.000 66.166 1.436 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 47.366 $5.726 3.13 2.300 3.36 EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES 80 80 959 959 COCO-545 383-0002 SECO-EPS EVELOPMENT STUDIES AND TRAINING 383-013 PRIVAT! SECTOR DEVELOPMENT OROGRA 385-0100 PRIVATE 54CTOR 52VELOPNET 757 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSZD PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU PORASIA AND NEAR EAST CP 35 383 SRI LANKA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF Y OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIO OBLIG LO PLANNED AUTH -THROUGM FY35- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURIS -ACTUAL FY85- OBLI: EXP IN ATIONS XTURES -ESTINAT!) FY37- OBLIG- IXIN ITIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY33- 03Lise EXPEN- ATIONS DATURES 1,434 3.196 2.300 6,296 --- ... 3,936 5,573 900 123 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES --- 123 --- 200 50 359 452 100 30 o 959 959 --- 120 200 --- so 100 452 359 123 200 452 959 50 100 .. --- -O ... --- ... !.!CTED DEVELOPAINT ACTIVITI!5 265 169 550 --- --- 750 532 95 1,356 1.356 4 SO 354 --- ... --- 695 201 1.500 83 1,500 1.500 --- 330 --- 251 104 315 1.000 33 1.000 1.009 --- 1.250 1.000 100 500 --- --- --- 3.000 3 37 39 100 ... --- --- --- . 2.009 --- 5.000 92 --- 2.000 150 --- --- ... --- --- מכב,13 22 --- 303 5.610 26,669 6,426 5725 44,166 3.203 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 47.356 S5.724 8.82% 1,489 GRANTS 11,124 11.424 30.242 17.300 22,980 35.342 LOANS 301-0060 VO CO-FINANCING TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 959 959 GRANTS 959 959 LOANS ܕܐ 355-003 > VO CO-FINANCING 3:3-3332 i 33 PRIVAT: ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 383-0002 เ 33 PRIVATE ENTERPRIS: PRCOTION 301-0335 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES AND TRAINING 383-0133 PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRORA 385-0100 PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PRO RA 'mootor cort Non-Allah tech Pedodontoh non o totoru 0,odathor 31,10th FY final donne planned 759 SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 3u? EAJ POR ASI 4 ANO NEAR EAST CP 85 343 S?I LANKA 72) !:T NO. AND TITL! L FY OF SY OF 1 INTIAL FINAL CIL วงเกง LOP PLANN! 4 JIM THROUGH FYSS- OLIG- EXPEN• ATIONS OITURSS -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY37- OBLIG EXPEN- ATICNS DITURES -DROPOSED FY88- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 3.636 1.011 750 674 090 1.365 5,250 2.084 22.395 5.356 2.635 GRANTS 760 750 373 1,003 1.050 3,250 1.606 11.350 3.356 סכס,11 1.020 --- 2:1 LCHAS 104 315 2.000 490 1.C COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 27.174 190.000 26,496 26,513 18.00 34,96 16,790 27.119 371.470 311939 GRANTS 51.699 21,567 13.650 9.637 7.846 11.063 7.000 12.624 191.395 67.737 273.035 264,230 LOANS 222,495 169,333 10.846 15.675 10.154 23. 597 7,790 16,495 758 304 N-A 9. CV X RE 00 ** 1.500 TOTAL --- 19th Y_1221 JO)-0010 FY " ME LONDON Industry credit program and A.I.D.'. Pelvet. Bntorpci Promotion Project ). Purpo." The project will stimulato rural entorprise dovelopment and employment linked to major irrigation ystems settlementin Sri Lanka. Project Description: The Rural Enterprise Development Sector project wi11 week ways to maximize the employment generation potential linked to Sri Lanka's major irrigation-based agricultural production areas. The project will focus primarily on the new settlement areas associated with the five major irrigation systems included in the Accelerated Mahavoli Program. The project will promote the expansion of private off-farm enterprises of all sizes, including both comercial and Industrial businesses. Specific project components will include policy studies related to enterprise promotion requirements, technology development, pilot commercial projects, Investment promotion, business skills training, the development of small industrial estates and other Infrastructure facilities to attract investore to locate in the Mahaweli areas, a revolving credit fund, and institution- building for the Employment, Investment and Enterprise Development Office in the Mahaveli Authority of Sri Lanka. Baneficlariee The immediate beneficiario. 411 bo all those having role in businesse supported or created through assistance providod by the project. Indirectly, through multiplier oflect., the anticipated increased level of business activity will benefit a much wider group in the project-assisted areas, such as fara settler who will have increasingly reliable market for subsidiary crop. due to agro-industries. kator outputs: Increased private sector investment. Tout, ol strategies to promote private investment. Analyses of constraints to private investment and articulation of policy options to aininire constraints. Betablish mini-industrial estates and other basic infrastructure to attract private investment. Training conter for small enterprise developeent, and a revolving credit fund. A.1.D. Pinanced Inputs: Litot-Protect (8000) Grant funds to finance (a) training and study tours and (b) technical assistance in the areas of small business promotion, investor services, policy studies product development/test marketing, etc. $10,000 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy The project will directly address the strategy objective of increased off-fara employment and rural enterprise. It will also directly address the strategy objective of increased agricultural productivity and fara incomes. Host Country and other Donors: The project will be coordinated with principal private sector organizations, other enterprise promotion activities being conducted by government agencies, with public and private commercial and development banks, and with other donors (e.g., the World Bank Small and Mediun $5,000 Loan funds to capitalize • revolving credit fund and to support the infrastructure requirements of rural- based agro-industries. in Concorso Unikaldet U PINANCING (Incloured of dollar) Obligation Expedie Through September 30 Estimated Fiscal Yeer Estimated through September 30, 15.000 uur Voor Obord 12,000 305 3,000 Proposed Fiscal Yoo 1988 759 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD & N Health FOTOSED OBLIGATION flac Life of Project Funding 1.500 (6) 5,000(L) 10.000 Estimated Find Oliebon Estimated Completion Deo of Project FY 1991 FY 1994 1,500 (G) ED. & HR SAL Act FY 1988 1.500 (L) Initia Obligation FY 1988 Industry credit program and A.1.D.'s Private Enterprise Promotion Project). Purpose: The project will stimulate rural enterprise development and employment linked to major irrigation systems settlements in Sri Lanka. Beneficiaries: The immediate beneficiaries will be all those having a role in businesses supported or created through assistance provided by the project. Indirectly, through multiplier effects, the anticipated increased level of business activity will benefit a much wider group in the project-assisted areas, such as fars settlers who will have increasingly reliable markets for subsidiary crops due to agro-industries. Project Description: The Rural Enterprise Development Sector project will seek ways to maximize the employment generation potential linked to Sri Lanka's major irrigation-based agricultural production areas. The project will focus primarily on the new settlement areas associated with the five major irrigation systems included in the Accelerated Mahaveli Program. The project will promote the expansion of private off-farm enterprises of all sizes, including both commercial and industrial businesses. Specific project components will include policy studies related to enterprise promotion requirements, technology development, pilot commercial projects, investment promotion, business skills training, the development of small industrial estates and other infrastructure facilities to attract investors to locate in the Mahaweli areas, a revolving credit fund, and institution- building for the Employment, Investment and Enterprise Development office in the Mahaveli Authority of Sri Lanka. Major Outputs: Increased private sector investment, Tests of strategies to promote private investment. Analyses of constraints to private investment and articulation of policy options to minimize constraints. Establish mini-industrial estates and other basic infrastructure to attract private investment. Training centers for small enterprise development, and a revolving credit fund. Life-of-Project (8000) A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs: Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project will directly address the strategy objective of increased off-farm employment and rural enterprise. It will also directly address the strategy objective of increased agricultural productivity and farm incomes. Grant funds to finance (a) training and study tours) and (b) technical assistance in the areas of small business promotion, investor services, policy studies product developrent/test marketing, etc. $10,000 Host Country and Other Donors: The project will be coordinated with principal private sector organizations, other enterprise promotion activities being conducted by government agencies, with public and private commercial and development banks, and with other donors (e.g., the World Bank Small and Medium $ 5,000 Loan funds to capitalize a revolving credit fund and to support the infrastructure requirements of rural- based agro-industries. Principal Contractor or Agencies Unliquidated U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligation Expenditures Futuro Yser Obligations 12,000 Estimated Total Cost 15,000 305 Funding Souro SRI LANKA Vide Rural Enterprise Development Sector 1,500 (L) Population 383-0090 ENEN O CONTINUING ORANT LOAN Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, 3,000 Propowed Fiscal Year 1988 AID 370-7 (11-86) 760 761 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD IN Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION the showed of doll FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 2,000 (L)2,000 (6) 10.000 (L) 5.000 (6) ED. & HR Sel. Act Initia Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion 2,000 (L) Dute of Project 2,000 (G) FY FY 1992 FY1992 Major Outputs: Strengthened private sector organizations. Trained private sector managers and technicians. An equity finance company. An improved capital market. Privatized state enterprises. Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Future Your Obligations Estimated Total Cort 15,000 GRAM SRI LANKA Tide Private Sector Development Program Funding Source Number 383-0100 DI NEW Population GRANT LOAN CONTINUING Purpose: The Private Sector Development Program (PSDP) will stimulate investment in and expansion of the private sector and encourage and assist the Government of Sri Lanka (GSL) to privatize state-owned enterprises. Host Country and Other Donors: The World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the United Nations Development Program are engaged in various projects geared to macro-economic policy reforms and the adoption of an industrial development policy and strategy. Sone of the host country inputs to the project will be provided directly by private sector companies (e.g., cost share of participant training, capitalization of equity finance company). Protect Description: The Private Sector Development Program will have two broad components: 1. Strengthening Private Sector Institutions and Capacities: This component will involve the following activities: (a) strengthening of private business promotion agencies and government entities tasked with promoting private sector investment and exports; (b) a participant training program for private sector participants, involving an appropriate cost share paid by the participants; (c) the development of an effective capital market, including partial capitalization of a private sector equity finance (venture capital) company in Sri Lanka. Beneficiaries: Primary beneficiaries will be the private sector institutions, companies and individuals involved in project activities. Broader benefits should accrue to the population as a whole through increased investment, employment generation, and multiplier effects. AID-Pinanced Inputs Life-of-Protect (5000) 2. Privatization Support: Privatization is viewed as an important means to reduce the government's role in the economy. reduce government budget deficits, and encourage broader private sector investment. Privatization may take the form of actual divestiture of state-owned enterprises, management contracts with the private sector, or the opening up of sectors to free competition between state-owned and private companies. Grant Punds for technical assistance, short-term training, and minor commodity procurement. 5,000 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project contributes directly to increasing off-fara employment through the private sector. Achievements of the project will improve the GSL budgetary situation and improve the macro-economic environment. It will directly stimulate a reliance on market forces, local entrepreneurial development and the availability of investment capital. Loan Punds for privatization of state owned enterprises (55 a), capitalization of equity finance company ($2.50), establishment of an effective capital market ($2.5m) and long-term training. 10,000 U.S FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, 11,000 Proposed Fiscal You 1988 4,000 AID 3707 (11-06) 306 Thailand 761 Thailand 307 762 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (493) THAILAND •BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS(1985) TEXTILES RICE . TAPIOCA PROOS. TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) 52.699 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 860 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 953 (1984) 1,273 (1985) 1, 408 17% (1984) 18% (1985) 20% 4.2% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 8.2% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1908 ) MACHINERY . FUELS & LUBRI. NFD. GG005 NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.: (1976) 5.6% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 64.1 MALE 61.0 FEMALE 67.5 (1970) TOTAL 58.2 MALE 55.2 FEMALE 61.6 IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)1,299 (1984) 1,400 (1985) 1.052 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 16% (1984) 16% (1985) 11% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.)(1983) -2.871(84) -1.884(85)-2, 140 TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , UNITED STATES , SINGAPORE ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 88% MALE 92% FEMALE 84% • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GMP (1984) 10.2% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ($ MILLIONS, U.S.). (1984) 1,240 ( 1976-1985) 2.2% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) 12.2% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP. . (1984) 20% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 280 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.8% (1978) 2.0% (1906) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ( 1970) 13% ( 1906) 16% MAJOR CROP(S! ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) (1906) 3 SUBSISTENCE: RICE 47% ( 1985) CASH: CORN CASSAVA: 18% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1984) 66.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1965) RICE ,TAPIOCA PRODUCTS , RUBBER POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 35.0% (15-64YRS) 61.2% (68+ YRS) 3.8% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1965) TEXTILES ,DAIRY PRODS .01L SEEDS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1966) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE .......(1984) 66% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1980) 6, 765 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) INTESTINAL INFEC. MALARIA .INFLUENZA-GRIPPE (1983) 6,059 (84) 6.441 (85) 6, 126 DEATH.. (1982) PULMONARY CIRCUL, TUBERCULOSIS . CEREBROVASCULAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENOING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 7,714 (84) 8.004 (85) , 121 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) 104% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -1.655 (84) -1.564 (05) -1.999 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) GIX DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1983) 19 7% (84) 20. ox (85) 19.5% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN ADE GROUP : AS X OF QNP (1983) 3.9% (84) 3.9% (88) 3.8% PRIMARY (1980) TOTAL 99.5 MALE 102 FEMALE 07.7 SECONDARY ....... (1901) TOTAL 28.2 NALE FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS ENO OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL 15.6 MALE FEMALE (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1903) 2.556 (64) 2.689 (08) 3.003 ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION LOUIVALENT TO 3.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1905) 20. (1004) 308 1.ME Tee TO 763 THAILAND Category Development Assistance Lomn Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 23,313 16,000 3,500 8,000 19,813 8,000 FY 1988 (Request) 16,000 6,900 9,100 Economic Support Fund 5,000 5,000 5,000 Loon 5,000 5,000 Grant Other 5,000 CONSUMTION TOTALS 28,313 21,000 21,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Tide 11 TOTALS 28,313 1/ 21,000 21,000 1/ PY 1986 total Includes $593 thousand FY 1985 deobligated funds and $3.720 million FY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $4.313 million reobligated funds in FY 1986. ADREN 306 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 23.82 23 22 Foreign National TOTALS 72.32 71 71 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. **Includes .5 for Singapore position in FY 1986 and 1.0 in FY 1987 and FY 1988. Excludes IDIS. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) Ab Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 22 51 7 20 50 70 20 50 70 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald 33 33 5 30 35 5 30 35 Regional TOTALS 22 84 106 25 80 105 25 80 105 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. bAcademic: degree seeking Participanta funded under regional programs (eg, CLASP, AMDP). AID 370-2880) 33 prior FY. 309 764 THAILAND Introduction Thailand's economy 18 under going rapid transition. With a per capita Income of $860 (1984), Thailand is approaching middle income status. However, the momentum of her development is slowing. As a result of declining world commodity prices and shrinking export opportunities, the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in real terms declined from an annual average of 7% as experienced during the late 1970's to an average of 4.9% between 1982-1984, finally declining to 4% in 1985. This was accompanied by a decline in Gross Domestic Investment (22% in PY 1985 compared to 29% in FY 1979) and a fall la Gross Domestic Savings (173 10 PY 1985 compared to 21% in FY 1979). Debt service costs increased as total external debt doubled in five years to $15.5 billion. The debt service ratio of almost 22% in 1985 1s expected to increase to 26% in 1986. As a result, the Royal Thai Government (RTG) 10 FY 1985 limited foreiga borrowing by the public sector to $1.6 billion. This was further reduced to $1 billion in PY 1986 and will remain at this level through PY 1988. ASTA! rese 1.5 The pattern of Thailand's growth has been uneven la sectoral composition and distribution of benefits. Urban locales have experienced the most rapid growth and the rural poor, especially in areas of rainfed agriculture, have benefited least. About one-quarter of the population, an estimated 12 million persons mainly in rural resource poor areas, subsist under conditions of absolute poverty. Agricultural growth, the catalyst for national development dur ing the 1970's, came from expanding land under cultivation. Limits to arable land have been reached and future growth Rust now come fron improved productivity and development of new markets. Past Industrial development focused on import substitution, including some large-scale, capital-intensive projects. Future development will require a labor-intensive, export oriented strategy. The labor force has continued to grow rapidly, 3% annually, making employment absorption & major issue for the 1980's. Lagging scientific and technological progress threatens to retard Thailand's energence as a newly Industrialized country, while Thailand's land-extensive agricultural traditions and practices in fisheries, forestry and Industry have "nined" the natural resource base to a point where each of these sectors exhibits significant trends toward resource depletion. LI 291 1 9 A de $ t The Sixth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1987-1991) targets economic growth at 5% while emphasizing a pattern of growth that will insure economic stability. Ten programs are cited which aia at Increasing the efficiency of the development process, raising productivity, and improving lacome distribution. The Plan includes programs addressing natural resources and environmental problems, science and technology, urban and rural development, as well as programs dealing with production, marketing and employment. 1 i 310 765 THAILAND The Plan encourages the involvement of the private sector and lays out plans to utilize economic policy measures to facilitate private sector Investment in high priority sectors such as export prodi:ction and tourism. The United States has a fundamental interest in the stability and Independence of Thailand as a contributor to peace and regional cooperation in Southeast Asia. As a "front line state," in concert with its Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) par tners, Thailand is central to the preservation of regional security. In support of this goal, U.S. economic policy in Thailand is directed toward the use of trade and Investment to help sus ta in broad-based economic development, with continued reliance on the private sector and openness to the world trading system, The continued cooperation of the RTG 18 also essential to several U.S. foreign policy objectives, including refugee programs, antipiracy activities, the control of illicit narcotics trafficking from Southeast Asia, and support of U.S. security objectives in the region. The United States strongly supports Thai humanitarian efforts to provide asylum and relief for refugees. Since 1975, the United States has resettled over 373,000 refugees, or about 69% of the total resettled population coming from Thailand. The current refugee population stands relatively stable at about 126,000, a figure which does not include about 247,000 Khmer displaced per sons not eligible for resettlement. This presence exacts significant demands on Thailand's economic resources. Thus the RTG will continue to seek U.S. assistance both in resettlement within U.S. borders and in encouraging other countries to increase their aid in this area. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s development strategy for Thailand is undergoing a transition in approach. For the last 15 years the program has focused on a griculture, health and family planning. Thailand has made impressive strides in these areas, and during the FY 1986-1987 period many of A.I.D.'s ongoing projects in these field's will end. A new A.I.D. Strategy, approved in Pebruary 1985, represents a marked departure from earlier analysis, programs and projects. This revised approach to that development reflects the Kingdom's evolution toward "middle income" status as Thailand undergoes transformation from an agrar lan society to a semi-industrialized state. This middle income strategy is composed of a program focused on (1) scientific and technological modernization, (2) stimulation of rural private enterprise, (3) strengthening of Thai natural resource and environmental management capability, (4) policy dialogue on emerging problems of development e.8., tax administration and reform, foreign debt management ), and (5) support for PVO development initiatives, especially in narcotics suppression and prevention, and particularly those involving indigenous PV08. 311 766 THAILAND Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: Assistance for agriculture and rural development 18 ln a transitional period, as projects of the late 1970's end and projects aligned with the new strategy begin. The Mae Chaen Watershed Development project (493-0294) seeks to stabilize agricultural practices, Improve the resource base and promote access to services for Thai and hilltribe residents. The project has met or exceeded most tar gets. Road construction has facilitated highland, lowland interaction with the private markets and, as a result, has accelerated adoption of new crops and cropping techniques. The project pioneered the distribution of land use certificates to reduce shifting cultivation. As a condition the recipient agrees not to grow 11licit narcotics crops on his land. The project also 18 testing a local level drug detoxification program to reduce demand for illicit crops, primarily opiun, and increase awareness of the harmful effects of drug use on the individual, the family and the community. Tech Pest pari 10 pol Cot Cor The Agriculture Technology Transfer project (493-0337) 18 the primary agriculture sector activity concerned with scientific modernization. The project aims to enhance the ability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, with strong cooperation from the private sector, to identify, Introduce, and manage modero agricultural technology adopted from the United States. Activities underway include: fish quality and products, fish disease coatrol, seaweed production and processing, and 11vestock vaccine development. Eså gø S SYS80 à 5 1 The Northeast Small-scale Irrigation (493-03 12) and the Northeast Rainfed Agricultural Development (493–0308) projects support RTG efforts to address the difficult agricultural development issues of the resource poor (primarily soil and water) Northeast region of Thailand. The Irrigation project is developing both RIG capability and means for organizing more effective water user groups anong farmers. Seven sites covering 24,000 hectares are being developed. The RTG will extend the approaches developed at these sites to another 200 irrigation projects in Northeast Thailand. The Rainfed project is field testing several technologies that have the potential to result in increased productivity and farmer lacones. An evaluation of the Khon Kaen University Research Development project (493-0332) 1a FY 1986 showed that the University continues to develop the capacity to carry out relevant rural development and farming systems research in the Northeast, while cooperating closely with the Rainfed project in the development of new farming and cropping systems and rapid rural appraisal techniques. This research will also assist in identifying biotechnical research needs that will be primarily carried out by the Japanese assisted Agriculture Development and Research Center also located at Khon Kaen University. The Rural Development Monitoring and Evaluation (493–0339) and the Decentralized Development Mana genent (193–0315) projects position A.I.D./RTC rural development programs at both the policy and operational levels by establishing effective data sya tens for the evaluation of RIG rural development programs, improving the lategration of several RIG monitoring systems for 312 767 THAILAND rural development and encouraging greater participation in planning and laplementing rural development efforts by local communities. The Sixth Development Plan includes a strong emphasis on rural development and effective resource allocation based on information from its evaluation and monitoring systems. Centrally-funded activities of the Asia and Near East and Science and Technology Bureaus complement the bilateral agriculture and rural development project portfolio. The Water Management Sya thesis II and Peanut Collaborative Research Support projects' activities in Thailand parallel the water management and cropping system activities assisted under the bilateral program. 1 Private sector development continues as a na jor focus of A.I.D.'s program in Thailand. The Private Sector in Development project (493-0329), sup- ported a study of the impact of the Public, Private Sector Consultative Committee set up in 1981 to bring about a formal communication link between the public and private sector 8. The study showed that this committee, chaired by the Prime Minister, had supported a number of the changes made in RTG policies and procedures. These include decentraliz- ing factory registration approval to local levels, which has shortened the approval process from a year to less than 90 days; establishing a credit guarantee program for small-scale industries; ad Justing duties and tax collection procedures; and appointing private sector economic advisors to the government. The project also provided assistance to the Thai Chamber of Commerce and the Association of Thai Industries. There are now Chambers in all 72 provinces of Thailand compared to only seven two years ago In FY 1986 the Rural Industries and Employment project (493-0343) received initial funding to expand off-fara employment in areas outside of metropolitan Bangkok by encouraging the development of small and medium-scale industries. The project provides funds to partially guarantee commercial bank loans with reduced collateral requirements, to provide market information to small and medium-scale Industries, to strengthen provincial business associations, to provide low coBt appropriate technical assistance, and to provide management training for local entrepreneurs by establishing such training in the private sector. The PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342), initiated in FY 1985, continues to assist private and voluntary organizations (PV08), both u.s. and Thai, to address the needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. It has made grants for PVO projects to: (a) provide vocational training for Tural women; (b) codify sign language for the deaf; (c) provide assistance to rural microenterprises; (d) establish vocational training in rural private schools; (e) prepare and print a children's na gazine highlighting drug awareness, health, and environment; and (f) establish economic activities for hill tribes. A.I.D. also financed three workshops, mainly for Thai PVO8, on project design, implementation and evaluation. 69-533 O . 87 - 25 313 768 THAILAND 0 1 A.I.D.'s key program in Science and Technology Developaent (493-0340), concentrating as it does on the areas of bioscience/biotechnology, materials science, and applied electronic technology, cuts across all sectors. Because the bulk of attention and resources focus on the bioscience/biotechnology area, the program's relevance to agriculture, rural development and nutrition is substantial. Under this project, the capability of Thailand's major universities and other scientific research Institutions to carry out soph1sticated but very practical research and development efforts is being substantially upgraded. Examples include crop and forestry tissue culture; prawa, shrimp, and fish breeding; agricultural pest control; and development of improved processing and packaging technologies. Research results (information, technologies, new products) are expected to be of immediate value to Thailand's farmers and businessmen. Population Planning: The ongoing Population Planning II project (493–0325) will continue until June 1989 under a no-cost extension made possible because the RTG paid for contraceptives. The RIG decided to pay for contraceptives itself because it could buy then cheaper locally and the loan could not finance such purchases. This decision in financial management provides an example of the quality of decisionmaking capacity of the officials of the Thai National Pamily planning Program. In the 1970's, Thai physicians with A.I.D. support developed the sinilaparotomy procedure which because of its simplicity and safety, became the develop ing world's most widely used method of voluntary female sterilization. The Thal national family planning program has received worldwide recogni- tion for having reduced the population growth rate fron 3% in 1970 to 1.7% in 1986. A.I.D. support played a major role in bringing about this result. The Population Planning II project now focuses on training for more effective methods of voluntary family planning and on extending coverage to underserved parts of the country, including hill tribe areas. The project also continues to support Thal innovations in service delivery, such as the training of operating room nurses to perform postpartum tubal ligations. Health: A.I.D.'s programs in health are entering a transition period, moving beyond direct bilateral investment la training, commodities and operational support toward a greater focus on applied research and techoical assistance required to close remaining policy, technical and management gaps in an impressive health care system. Funds provided under the Science and Technology for Development project (493-0340) will go to upgrade the capability of Thai science and technology Institutions (primarily universities) to carry out more and better research on major health problems facing the country. Most emphas18 18 on research leading to development of disease-specific immunodiagnostic tests and vaccines, and ultimately, to the development of a sound vaccine production indus try. The Emerging Problems of Development II (493-0341) project is strengthening health economics and financial analysis as well as epidemiological survey capacity in the Ministry of Public Health. Centrally funded A.I.D. activities in Operations Research also strengthen the effectiveness of the primary health care system. 314 769 THAILAND , Under the PVO Cofinancing Il project (493-0342), a grant awarded in PY 1985 continues to strengthen legal and policy aupport of the specialized needs of disabled per sons in Thailand. Selected Development Activities: The Science and Technology for Development project (493-0340), rests on the assumption that possibly the key factor delaying the accession of Thailand to "Newly Industrialized Country” status is its lack of an adequate indigenous science and technology base. In this project A.I.D. 18 attempting to modify this situation by enhancing the capacity of Thai science and technology institutions to carry out research and development, and, at the same time, attempting to assure that research and development carried out by the institutions relates closely to the needs and prospects of the nation's productive sector, especially the private sector. The project Includes components aimed at upgrading national capabilities 10 standards, testing, and quality control, and at helping assure that the nation's Industrial community and its science and technology community have better and quicker access to the information needed to identify, modify, develop, and absorb never and higher technologies. The Science and Technology Developaent project 18 strongly complemented by resources available from the centrally-funded competitive science grants programs admiaistered by A.I.D.'s Office of the Science Advisor. Thai institutions have succeeded in obtaining 10-20 gsants per year through these programs over the past few years, which has been key to preparing Thai science and technology institutions to benefit from resources available through the bilateral program. Finally, the project 18 strongly consistent with, and supportive of RTG policy regarding science and technology. The recently drafted Sixth Five Year Plan, which contains a long chapter on science and technology (the first time the Plan has contained such a chapter), indicates that the proposed promotional and developmental activities of this project will constitute the bulk of new science and technology activities to be carried out under official auspices over the next five years. While involvement at the policy level is au active process with most A.I.D. Thailand projects, the Emerging Problems of Development Il project (493-0341) addresses this purpose specifically. This project provides financial and technical support to improve RTG policy formulation, program planning and preproject analysis in key development areas. Progress to date has included: (a) provision of a senior American economic advisor to the National Economic and Social Development Board; (b) assistance in developing management case studies and in providing training to regional university faculty and public and private officials in effective management techniques; (c) creation of a Health conomics Unit in the Ministry of Public Health; (a) technical a8818tance by the Harvard Institute of International Development for the Thailand Development Research Institute, the country's first mon profit policy *think tank," to support policy research needs of the public and private 315 771 770 STAD THAILAND uporladustrialists, and agricultural researchers to become and renala uppraised of the latest technological developments and scientific fladings in flelds of concern to them. We also anticipate the lnitiation of 20-30 new research and development projects focusing on development of aproved plant and livestock production. sectors; (e) policy research support for the new FY 1987-1991 National Economic and Social Development Plan; (f) assistance to the National Environment Board to initiate a Thailand Natural Resources Profile; and (8) support for a Thailand pilot program on Coastal Resources Management which is jointly funded with A.I.D.'s Bureau of Science and Technology. Housing Guaranty Program: A.I.D.'s objectives in housing and urban development in Thailand include promotion of private sector construction of low cost housing and cost recovery and privatization of urban services. In FY 1986, A.I.D. provided experts who made critical contributions to the urban strategy of the Sixth National Economic and Social Development Plan. The plan calls for privatizing specific urban services and increased self-reliance for municipal govern ents. In support of the Plan objectives, A.I.D. funded a cost sharing study that developed criteria for increasing secondary cities share of financial responsibility for ur ban infrastructure and services. Additionally, the Emerging Problems of Development II project (493–0341) provided funds for a House and Land Tax Policy Study for the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA). This study will provide recommendations for increased city revenue through more equitable administration of the existing tax structure and proposed changes to expand the revenue base. In the housing arena, A.I.D. has made disbursement of the existing Housing Guaranty authority with the National Housing Authority (NHA) contingent upon increased private and cooperative participation in low cost residential construction. A new project, Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection (493-0345), vill receive first year funding during PY 1988. This project vill attempt to develop a policy framework and Institutional capacity for building effective prograns to conserve and manage renewable natural Tekources to support economic growth. The project will seek to heighten public avareness and under standing about the role of natural resources nanagement and environmental protection for continued development. It will support research and action programs dealing with land and water degradation, sustainable utilization of marginal lands, and maintenance of biological species diversity. It will encourage private investment la resource conservation, hanagement and environmental protection. A.I.D. requests additional funds for agriculture and rural development PTO Initiatives under the ongoing PVO Cofinancing II project (493–0342). Health: Additional funds will continue support of health programs directed at community concerns or specialized needs under the PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342). Selected Developaent Activities: Pinal year funding for the Emerging Problems of Development II project (493-0341) will pernit continued support of policy research, special studies of key problems, and core training programs. Additional funding will provide continued support to the PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342). Lconomic Support Fund: Increased funds for the Affected Thai Program (93-0327) vill help to sustain RIG efforts to stabilize economic and social conditions of Thai villagers in disrupted areas along the borders with Caabodla and Laos. Economic Support Fund: Economic Support Funds contribute to a special RTG program which combines RTG and other donor contributions to help stabilize and increase the productivity and incomes of rural communities along Thailand's borders with Cambodia and Laos. The Thai residents of these communities, numbering some 230,000 people and traditionally among the poorest in the country, are adversely affected by recurring border strife and refugee inflows. Under this program, the RIG restores homesites, builds or repairs roads and provides community health systems, schools, adult skills training and other services to villages disrupted by border conditions. With the border situation continuing unaba ted, the program has been expanded to assist Thais in over 400 affected villages. PY 1988 Program Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition: A.1.D. 18 requesting funds to complete financing of the Rural Industries and Employment (493-0343) and the Science and Technology for Development (493-0340) projects. The last tranche of authorized funding for the Rural Industries and Employment project will augment those already provided in support of partial guarantees for bank loans for small rural Industries. Activities under the Science and Technology project will include completing the establishment of the Technical Information Access Center (TIAC). The center will provide a rapid and low cost opportunity for the nation's Mission Director: John R. Eriksson 316 317 771 THAILAND agro-industrialists, and agricultural researchers to become and remain appraised of the latest technological developments and scientific findings in fields of concern to them. We also anticipate the initiation of 20–30 new research and development projects focusing on development of improved plant and livestock production. A new project, Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection (493-0345), will receive first year funding during PY 1988, This project will attempt to develop a policy framework and institutional capacity for building effective programs to conserve and manage renewable natural resources to support economic growth. The project will seek to heighten public awareness and understanding about the role of natural resources management and environmental protection for continued development. It will support research and action programs dealing with land and water degradation, sustainable utilization of marginal lands, and maintenance of biological species diversity. It will encourage private lavestment in resource conservation, management and environmental protection. A. I.D. requests additional funds for agriculture and rural development PVO Initiatives under the ongoing PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342). Health: Additional funds will continue support of health programs directed at community concerns or specialized needs under the PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342). Selected Development Activities: Pinal year funding for the Emerging Problems of Development II project (493-0341) will permit continued support of policy research, special studies of key problems, and core training programs. Additional funding will provide continued support to the PVO Cofinancing II project (493-0342). Economic Support Pund: Increased funds for the Affected Thai Program (493-0327) will help to sustain RTG efforts to stabilize economic and social conditions of Thai villagers in disrupted areas along the bordera with Cambodia and Laos. Mission Director: John R. Eriksson 317 772 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUPEAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST THAILAND CP 83 A RICULTURE RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION L 7? 50 6.000 6.000 3.734 3,653 81 --- --- --- --- 0 30 87 9,200 10.000 6.900 3.461 1.300 1.905 1.000 1.553 ... 1,470 3 30 3.1'0 3.700 3.170 3,080 93 --- --- --- --- --- --- 81 3.170 3.700 3.170 1.638 725 --- --- 392 31 33 6.300 1.367 6.390 0305 --- 575 --- 722 ... 1136 3 93 84 530 111 . ? 37 500 --- --- ... --- 82 31 2.320 2.905 2.800 1.959 --- --- --- 87 30 31 5,800 5.200 5.300 1.557 --- 2.043 --- 1.213 .. 987 29 33 4. 120 3.100 2.125 --- --- 527 .. .. ככו,3 81 33 7.500 5.997 7.500 7.53 --- --- --- 1.50! --- 4930315 L DECENTRALIZ" DEVELOPMENT NANAGEMENT --- . 92 2.237 3.230 2,237 1.79 201 --- --- --- --- 37 90 --- . --- 31 32 100 13 --- --- :כו PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OF FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G IPL:G 3BL 15 LOP PLANN:0 AUTHO -TMROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUROS - ESTIMAT: Fyer- JLIS EXPON 41:05 PITURES -DROPOS:0 FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 493-0289 AND SETTLEMENTS 93-0294 YA CHAEL WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT 43-0296 OVO CO-FINANCING I 43-0303 NE RAINF:) ASRICULTURE DEVELOPEMENT 93-0308 VE RAINFO AGRICULTURE DEVELOPESENT 93-039 EMERGIN PROBLENS OF DEVELOPMENT I 98-0312 NORTHEAST SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION 491-3312 NORTHEAST SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION 493-9315 3 DECENTRALIZED DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 63-9317 A ORICULTURAL PLANNING *3-0324 MICRO/MINI HYDROELECTRIC 'netos to the med mode 318 Culottery Polecola - ANNO coinvoltoon date for D.Ion the world Promotion of Dec 31, 1 PV of Finland on. poneddot CTIVNO PYO 773 SUSSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF OCLL4R5) BUREAU FOR : ANI NEAR ST CD 2 --- 4,055 712 1,023 2.210 3.000 3.000 32 32 7 00CC OCL 36 --- 14 32 130 26 130 --- 900 656 1,638 --- --- --- 5.100 32 L 92 1 6.100 5.190 3!!! SEVILUP4DET :: --- 477 --- --- נ1,57 53 دند.3 3,073 83 €2C-6: 3.000 170 671 --- 417 122 2.000 PRIVATE SECTOR IN DEVILOPMENT 47.3332 33 (HON KAN UAIVERSITY DEVELOPM? 9 601 2.170 2.170 --- . 1.000 082 102 380 117 3 500 . 1.500 1.500 --- --- 296 2.000 795 200 1.216 6.500 L 6,500 5.500 --- --- 112 870 1.200 OOO 5.000 1.816 1 L 9.000 5.000 0 ... .. .. . ... 450 GOS CS 35 COS3-S6 CCS OOS SCIENCE **) P!CHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPINT ... . --- 1.618 8.000 3.900 4.820 SOO 7 .5 L SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMAT 16.500 14.500 --- --- 1.650 --- 1.155 --- 1.000 35 1.000 33 3 2.650 !!RGIN: PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT 1 600 80 665 329 25 OC 9 323 600 35 . 3.000 3.000 --- 1.850 11.150 1.160 1.100 ... 1,275 RURAL INDUSTRIES/IPLOYMENT T-ALAN? 20:30 -THROUGH FY39- PROJ:C: SO. ANO TITL! -NidX; -91760 LOP PLANNID AUTH) ESTIMATIO FY37- JBLIO- EXP IN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY25- OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS 2:TURES -91180 1 INITI-L FINAL : 33:13 3:3 -PROPOSES FY26- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES 4TIONS DITURES 91-0324 CROIXINI HVORCOLECTRIC 471-3:20 3 5:30 CEVILOPEXT II 1-6320 3-0337 *GRICULT JRAL TICHNOLOGY TRANSPER *!-0337 RICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 493-0339 RURAL DEVELOPMENT TONITORING/EVALUATION 693-3363 1EC-id: 493-362 VO Coor:ANCING II 491-9343 14,100 16.100 'Roter towed any hot 319 urdher they Yo colon-Alpe bath colha initial obligation can betere December 31, 190 bed on the therard dete. ledad Initiation du du Doc 31, 10th FY of final obligation la bona opered dote. 774 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR ASIA ANO NEAR EAST 493 THAILAND CP 99 . PROJECT NO. AND TITL! L FY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANN?0 AUTM -IMROUGM FYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO EXPEN ATIONS 0:TURES - ESTIMATE FY87- IBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITUR: 5 - PROPOSED FY8 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 99 15.500 3.000 493-0345 93 VATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIR. PROTECTION 493-0345 98 VATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIR. PROTECTION --- --- 3 25.000 --- ... --- ODO 3.000 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 76,111 34,342 16,443 11.255 13.100 19.931 12,609 19.770 152.997 115. 170 POPULATION PLANNIN: 32 --- 3 36 7.526 3,451 900 1,483 --- 1.350 @ 30 9.496 8.517 493-0325 POPULATION PLANNIN II 1,070 ... 82 L 35 9.868 3,643 2.163 997 493-0325 POPULATION PLANNING !! 0.363 9.868 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 17,456 6,894 900 2.48 --- --- 3.51 18.354 18,385 2.900 900 1,483 1.350 830 Coo 997 2.160 1970 MEALTN --- 1,395 --- 6.663 --- 79 956 4.532 679-0291 XJRAL PRINARY MEALTH CARE EXPANSION 6.433 1.500 --- $6 5.700 26 60 5.700 5.700 --- --- i ; ככל --- 35 96 500 520 500 GRANTS 23.677 15,933 16.643 6.313 5.100 7.939 5,700 5.738 65297 51.470 86,700 63.700 LOANS 45,434 10.409 2.000 4,937 פכ8,0 10.92 6,905 14.032 GRANTS 7.336 3,451 8.436 3.517 9.866 9.868 LOANS 9.868 3.643 3-0331 UWA INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPNENT 3-0340 3 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT 320 to do to 1,00dohorte de 31. 10 of food.com of money PVM Pod Pro ... OLIS 1091 Otruees TIROTEO XOAN -ACTUAL YSS 775 SUMARY ACTIVE AN PROPOS PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SEAU PO 45:AVEAR EAST CP 88 2 PY JPY OF I!^!1:4L FINAL G LOD PLANNID AUTMD -THROUGM PYSS- JBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91760 -ACTUAL FY36- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 91760 5:16C -91160 -ESTIMATED FY87- EXPIN- ATIONS DITURES -PRO OSE PYE- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 7 SS 1.300 1.500 400 CCS1 700 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLO Y OR 35 3 1.000 1.000 200 O. 200 200 602 200 242 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 200 1.665 200 942 700 O. 200 כ20 709 200 242 4.592 1.500 1.419 56 700 EJCATIO. AND HUMAN 2! SUP!S . CE 31 1.600 1.600 1.600 1.324 --- 205 --- ... --- --- 1.394 205 --- --- 1.394 206 ; ; ; -- --- SELECTED VOLOP RENT ACTIVITI!S o 30 5,20 S. 200 6,990 4,626 --- 356 --- --- --- --- 9!-!!129 PRIATE SECTOR IN DEVELOPMENT COS CCS 500 140 . 97 --- 263 --- --- 35 7.50 7.300 --- -- --- --- 21 --- COS' 1,665 14ILAND PROJECT NO. A VO TITLE 493-0340 DEVELOPMENT 73-3342 3 >VO CO-FINAN::%: II 15.133 15.200 12.333 4.592 1.700 1.663 GRANTS 1.500 1.500 13.633 1.700 LOANS 12.183 4%!297 TIL 42 A POUCATION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.630 1.000 1.05 GRANTS 1.500 1.500 1.600 LOANS 5-0507 11GIN: PCL5 OF EV:LOPMENT ! *3-0340 3 SCIENC! AND TECHNOLOGY COR DEVOLOPOXT 9.C-ie. 2 35 7,600 10.500 9.60C --- --- --- --- 066 --- 5:IENCE & TECNOLOGY IR DEVELOPM!#T 2.300 AJ 'monday 321 urdon co-Alth comhootion du beter December 31, odohorted done. lo modo 31. ople 776 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR ASIA ANO NEAR EAST CP 88 LPY OR Y OP I INITIAL FINAL 3 OLIS OBLIG LOP PLANNID AUTMD -THROUGM Y8S- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY 36- OLIG EXPIN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY37- OBLIG- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OSLIG- XEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 35 93 3.000 153 13,220 16.350 4,370 1,275 2.500 3.000 4.000 35 97 200 35 200 77 1.000 1.000 200 190 200 200 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 42.020 41.050 25,730 4.952 4.270 1,905 2.750 3,200 8.165 GRANTS 16.180 1992 6,270 1.005 2.700 3.60 3,200 5.965 32.420 38.550 9.600 10.SOC LOANS 9.600 --- CO. ... --- 390 2.300 90 93 42.000 32.000 27.000 18.579 5.000 9,621 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 42.000 32.000 27.000 18.579 5.000 3,421 3.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 GRANTS 42.000 32.000 27.000 13.379 $300 5,421 $.000 5.000 5.009 5.000 LOANS DOO 200 co ... ... *93 INAILAND PROJECT NO. ANO TITL: 473-0361 INERGING PROBLEMS OF SEVELOPENI 13 493-0342 PVO CO-FINANCING II €.ONONIC SUPPORT PUNO 693-0327 APPECTED THAI PROIRAN COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 138.329 70.753 23.313 272.194 226,05 25,435 21.030 33.903 21,00 35.577 GRANTS 51.743 44,309 24,313 19,292 13.090 13.907 16.100 17,575 152303 125.637 11.351 99.758 LOANS 77.035 26.444 3.500 7.353 2.000 6.999 19.002 'Rooder 322 Colofon "V" A. "fecha contado de December 31, hthoed done. A 29.9.com CY 80 Keet Counts and other Paper and environment has been neor Ported into the The CRPie Nee Economic and Social Development Plan (1987-1991). TM • • jor but .till tachoata comit.cat to Leproved rolley and program in these ates. Other door have been involved in dlecrate activities but no other donor has provided secdotane. in comprehensive analysis and latorated planning and managevent for national policy and progress. A collaborative approach with other donors le planned. Beneficiaries: The project should addre. fundaron tal Leone. of oud ca inable economic developeont, and therefore should have positive and continuing impact on virtually all sectors of the Thal economy. ܝܐܝܐܝܐ LLL WILANA Environmental Protection Natural RODELEGG Me..neet 4930345 O. .000 es. 2po R E B Low DTILANO Purpose: To improve planning, polley, and laplementation of natural resources moagement in both the publie and private sectors. Protect Description: The project will work with two Royal That Gover Arrent (c) agencies, the National Eavironment Board (NED) and the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB), and with other agencies on an activity by activity baste. The project will (a) strengthen the management and policy analyst. skills of key agencies responsible for natural resources management and environnental protection; (b) strengthen the .daiatetration and coordination of resource planning, analysis, and evaluation; (e) share the management experience and technical knowledge of the American private and public sectors, both with selected that environmental PVO. and Thai businesses u well as with RTC agencies; (d) Laprove the data base on and analysis of resource Information; and (e) formulate solution. to specific resource and environnent lesues and demonstrate these solutions through pilot programs. Major focus will be on policy research and analysta, complemented by selected training and development of institutional capacities. Relationship to A.I.D. Country Strategy! A.I.D.'. Country Strateg Tor Thailand Ideatilla natural resources managencat and environmental protection a energiag areas of policy Interest for Thatland. As such, resources and environment are receiving substantial attention under the Roerging Probleme of Development II Project, and within the PVO Co-Pinancing Project. Existing programs to Science and Technology and la Rural Industries and Eaployment will be complemented by the project. Overall, the project is seen as a logical evolution Iron A.J.D.', historical strengths la infrastructure, agriculture, and rural development, to respond to the challenge of sustataing Thailand's well-utablished resource-based growth. U PINANCING In thousands of dollar Oblation Expenditur Throw optomber 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Through September 30, Futuro YOOtons 6.000 323 Major Outputo: Transfer of Analytical Nothodo and Management skille Policy Research and Dialogue Establishment and Strengthening of U.S.-That Institutional Relationship la Private and Government Sector Iaproved Deta Base, Monitoring, and Evaluation Preparation of Targeted Development and Resource Management Plans Streagthened Central-Local Planning and Manament Cooperation A.1.D.-Ileance Inputo: Life of Project (2000) . $ 9,000 6,000 8,000 17,000 Technical Assistance Trafatas Commodities Pilot Programs od Contractor Um 40.000 LLL PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N MOPOSED OBLIGATION fia condol dolor 3,000 (6) FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 3,000 (L) 3,000 (G) 3.000_(L) 15.000 (6) 25.000 (2) ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project FY 1988 FY 1990 FY 1995 INOORABE THAILAND Tide Natural Resources Management and Environmental Protection Funding Source Population ONew Number 493-0345 O CONTINUING GRANT R LOAN Purpose: To improve planning, policy, and laplementation of natural resources management in both the public and private sectors. Project Description: The project will work with two Royal Thai Government (RIC) agencies, the National Environment Board (NEB) and the National Economic and Social Developeent Board (NESDB), and with other agencies on an activity-by-activity basis, The project will (a) strengthen the management and policy analysis skills of key agencies responsible for natural resources Banagement and environmental protection; (b) strengthen the adainistration and coordination of resource planning, analysis, and evaluation; (c) share the sanagement experience and technical knowledge of the American private and public sectors, both with selected that environmental PVOS and That businesses as well as with RIG agencies; (a) laprove the data base on and analysis of resource information; and (e) formulate solutions to specific resource and environment issues and demonstrate these solutions through pilot programs. Major focus will be on policy research and analysis, complemented by selected training and development of institutional capacities. Host Country and Other Donors: The topic of natural resources and environsent has been incorporated into the Sixth National Economic and Social Development Plan (1987-1991). This marks a sa for but still inchoate consitaent to 1aproved policy and programs in these areas. Other donors have been involved in discrete activities but no other donor has provided assistance in comprehensive analysis and integrated planning and management for national policy and programs. A collaborative approach with other donors is planned. Beneficiaries: The project should address fundamental 188ues of sustainable economic development, and therefore should have positive and continuing impact on virtually all sectors of the Thai economy Major Outputs: Transfer of Analytical Methods and Management skills Policy Research and Dialogue Establishment and strengthening of U.S.-Thai Institutional Relationship in Private and Government Sector Laproved Data Base, Monitoring, and Evaluation Preparation of Targeted Development and Resource Management Plans Strengthened Central-Local Planning and Managment Cooperation Life of Project (3000) A.1.D.-Finance Inputs: $ 9,000 6,000 8,000 17,000 Relationship to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D.'s Country Strategy for Thailand Identifies natural resources management and environmental protection as energing areas of policy Interest for Thailand. As such, resources and environment are receiving substantial attention under the Eaerging Problems of Development II Project, and within the PVO Co-Financing Project. Existing programs in Science and Technology and in Rural Industries and Employment will be complemented by the project. Overall, the project 18 seen as a logical evolution fron A.I.D.'s historical strengths in infrastructure, agriculture, and rural development, to respond to the challenge of sustaining Thailand's well-established resource-based growth. U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligation Expenditures Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 6.000 34.000 Technical Assistance Training Commodities Pilot Programs Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Estimated Total Cost 40.000 323 AID 3707 (11-85) 778 Tunisia 325 TUNISIA FORETON TRADE ܝܐܝܐ6 FY DI CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (664) TUNISIA COUNTRY: BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1906) 7,387 MAJOR EXPORTS(1982)CRUDE PETROLEUM, TEXTILES .PHOSPH. CHEN. PER CAPITA ANP.. (DOLLARS, 1984) 1, 270 EXPORTS TO U.S. (3 MILLIONS, us, FOB) (1983) 356 (1984) 275 (1988) 128 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-84) 4.4% AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 22% (1984) 16% (1985) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) 9.9% MAJOR IMPORTS(1982) MANUFACTURES , RAW MATERIALS . NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION. . ( 1975) 6.0% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 283 (1984) 212 (1985) 150 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 11% (1984) 6% (1985) (1966) TOTAL 68.2 MALE 66.6 FEMALE 69.9 ( 1970) TOTAL 54.9 MALE $5.3 FENALE 54.3 TRADE BALANCE(S WILLIONS. U.S.)(1983) -1.068(84) -1.111(85) -823 TRADING PARTNERS: FRANCE , ITALY , GERMANY, FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF ONP (1984) 46.1% FEMALE 32% 61% 47% KALE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S NILLIONS, U.S.).. AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) .. (1984) 682 26. 18 TOTAL (1980) AOULT LITERACY RATE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 2.2% (1986) 2.4% AGRICULTURE 3.2% • SOCIAL DATA 2.0% (1978) 13% POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) (1986) (1970) 43% AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GOP .(1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 89 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS . MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ..(1970) (1986) SUBSISTENCE: WEAT ,BARLEY 26% (1985) CASH: OLIVES WEAT .CITRUS FRUIT ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 41.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) OLIVE OIL ,VINE .ORANGES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14VRS) 39.6% (15-64YRS) 96.0% (68+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:(1985) WEAT ,RAN SUGAR VEGETABLE OILS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 35% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1981) 3.624 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1980) TB, ALL FORMS . PULMONARY TUBERC. VIRAL HEPATITIS (1980) 2,793 (81) 2.702 (82) 2.803 DEATH.. ( ) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1980) 3,037 (81) 2.916 (82) 3,223 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1981) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S NILLIONS, U.S.) (1980) -244 (81) -214 (82) -420 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1982) 63% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1980) 11.1% (81? 7.8% (82) 10.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF OP (1980) 3.9% (81) 2.7% (82) 3.9% PRIMARY ......... (1982) TOTAL 109 MALE 121 FEMALE 96.4 SECONDARY... (1982) TOTAL 36.8 MALE 42.8 FEMALE 26.0 OFFICIAL INTERNMTIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY.. (1981) TOTAL 4.0 MALE 5.5 FENALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1903) 572 (84) 110 (85) 237 EQUIVALENT TO 0.8 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1988) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. . (1984) 326 2.4 780 TUNISIA PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) 40 (Estimated) (Request) Development Assistance Loan Grant 40 22,624 16,203 20,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 22,624 16, 203 20,000 TOTALS 22,664 16,203 20,000 P.L. 480 Title Title 11 15,500 15,500 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 TOTALS 38,164 1/ 26, 203 2/ 25,000 1/ FY 1986 total includes $650 thousand FY 1986 deobligated funds reobligated in FY 1986. Excludes $166 thousand in ESF local costs support. 2/ FY 1987 total includes $445 thousand in ESF local costs support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Aequest) U.S. National 13 15 15 Foreign National 13 14 14 TOTALS 26 29 29 aTotal full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One work year = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TO Total А T Total Category FY 1988 (Request) T Ab А Total 562 33 595 558 37 595 45 2 565 2 U.S. Participants Bilateral d 520 Regionale Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regionale 5 5 14 14 17 17 TOTALS 520 52 572 @In-training ,efers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the 562 47 609 558 54 612 Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programe Participants funded under regional programs lega, CLASS, AMDP). prior FY. b Academic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 (886) 327 1 781 TUNISIA Introduction During the 1970's, the Tunisian economy, benefiting from the energy boom, grev at an average annual rate of 6.3%. This period of growth masked a number of inappropriate policies. Nearly all industry was controlled in varying degrees by the government. Tunisia's price control system was extensive and its currency, the dinar, was over-valued. Inappropriate wage policies resulted in severe unemployment--now estimated conservatively at 25%. Interest rates were negative in real terms, promoting use of capital-Intensive rather than labor-intensive technology. Low producer prices discouraged agricultural production. Between 1980–1985, the average growth rate dropped to 3.9%. Despite the policy reforms proposed in the Sixth Plan (1982–86), economic performance continued to deteriorate, In addition to inappropriate policies, factors over which the Government of Tunisia (GOT) exercised little control played e significant role: (a) the worldwide recession of the early 1980's adversely affected Tunisia; (b) reduced employment of Tunisian nationals in Europe, the Middle East, and Libya resulted in reduced remittances; (c) periods of drought reduced agricultural production and increased food import requirements; (d) the entry of Spain and Portugal into the European Economic Commission cut into Tunisian export markets; and, most recently, (e) the unsettled situation in the region resulted in reduced revenues fron tourism, The recent sharp decline in oil prices, combined with other factors noted above, led to further deterioration of the economy in 1986. Current estinates indicate: (a) a balance of payments deficit for 1986 of $900 million; (d) foreign exchange reserves covering only a few days of imports, and (c) projected growth of real GDP in 1986 of 0.7%. In 1986, the GOT began implementation of a far-reaching structural adjustment program (SAP). Measures undertaken as part of the SAP include restraint of domestic demand; phased removal of controls on prices, laports, and investments; export promotion; a substantial devaluation of the dipar; pha sed privatization; and the creation of a "safety net“ to help fanilies most severely hurt by the readjustment. The program 1s ambitious, and has the support of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Econondets believe the next few years will be critical to the success of the program and believe it may take five years to turn the economy around. Tunisia continues to have strategic importance to U.S. planning in the Mediterranean Basin. A moderate Arab state, Tunisia has continued to maintain an open line of communication with the United States 10 a year marked by growing political problems in the Arab world. However, the 328 782 TUNISIA serious economic situation which Tunis is now faces threatens the continuation of the stable, open society which has existed in Tunisia since Independence. An overriding U.S. objective 18 to maintain our close ties with and support for an independent, non-Communist, pro-western government. This objective continues to be well-served by an active 0.8. econoaic assistance program to Tunisia. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Dete A.I.D. 18 tailoring its development strategy to Tunisia's structural ad justment program. A.I.D. has initiated a dramatic change in its method of providing assistance to meet the Tunisians' need for quick-disbursing resources. Beginning in PY 1987, a significant portion of our Econonic Support Punds (ESF) will be used to finance a Commodity Laport Program (CIP). Remaining resources will be concentrated, for the most part, in the areas of private sector development and agricultural production to help set the stage for self-sustaining economic growth. A.I.D. vill be working with other major donors, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, to provide necessary financial and technical resources. As part of the Structural Ad justment Program the Government of Tunisia will gradually remove controls over prices, Investment and imports to promote the growth of a more competitive economy with a vigorous private sector, which uses profits and price signals to guide private Investment and consumption decisions. Privatization of sone parastatal enterprises and public spending cuts will reduce the Government's role in the econony. The GOT has also recognized that the human costs of pursuing its Structural Ad justment Program are potentially high, and, if not responded to properly, could derail the courageous efforts now being planned and undertaken. Its response includes plans for special programs for the populations which will be disadvantaged as a result of the structural adjustment process. Agriculture: Although the agriculture sector has contributed less than 15% of GDP, approximately half of the people in Tunisia live in rural areas and 35% of the labor force 18 employed in this sector. Productivity in the Tunisian agriculture sector is far below the productivity of comparable Mediterranean Basin farmers. Improvements in the performance of the agriculture sector will contribute to export earnings, alleviate underemployment in the rural workforce, and generate secondary employment in the industries and services supplying agriculture. A.I.D.'* Agricultural Policy Implementation project (664-0343), to be laitiated in PY 1987, has as 1t8 goal stimulating increases of competitively priced agricultural and agriculturally based exports to Europe and the Middle East and through increasing production to reduce food laports. Dollar funding will be supplenented by local currency generated from the CIP and the PL 480 Title I programs. 329 783 1 TUNISIA Local currencies will be used to encourage needed policy reform. A.I.D. has already had experience with this approach ia Tunisia. For example, earlier Title I agreements have encouraged increased use of appropriate fertilizers. This was partly responsible for the 1985 record cereals crop. Additionally, a portion of the proceeds from the sale of Male I commodities will be used for activities to promote private sector development in Tunisia. The Rural Potable Water Institutions project (664-0337), based on a highly successful prior A.I.D. project in Central Tunisia (Rural Potable Water, 664-0312.7), has influenced a very favorable modification in GOT policy, the introduction of user fees. The project has been instrumental in the creation of community-based water users' associations which involve beneficiaries in site selection and development, and in coverage of the costs of operating and maintaining potable water systems. This is a major Innovation in Tunisia with far-reaching implications in these times of extreme budget austerity. The Private Sector Development and Technology Transfer project (664-0328) 18 promoting the Tunisian private sector in a number of different ways. Through our policy dialogue, and with very modest financial resources from the project, Tunisie Leasing, the first Tunisian financial leasing company, was created in 1985. Tunisie Leasing recently received $2.9 million from the International Finance Corporation which will further facilitate private sector access to needed equipment. The project has also provided valuable training to Tunisian officials who are key players in the Government's recently promulgated privatization plans. Another project activity 18 institutionalizing a program to provide managerial and technical know-how to small and medium-scale private enterprises by gradually shifting costs to the beneficiary enterprises. This activity is being implemented for A.I.D. by Catholic Relief Services. Recently, project emphasis has been placed on regulatory reforn to remove constraints to private sector growth, promoting of exports and foreiga investment. With respect to the latter, A.I.D. has already embarked on an effort under the centrally-funded Market Technology Access Project to encourage U.S. Investment in Tunisia. Population and Health: Tunisia's 2.6% per year population growth rate makes it difficult to achieve improvements in per capita standards of living. The rapid growth rate exacerbates the food deficit problen and strains the Government's resources for health, education and other basic services. New data indicate that infant mortality rates in Tunisia are much higher than had been previously thought. The on-going Family Planning and Population Development project (664-0331) 18 addressing these problems. This project 18 expected to lead to an increase in the availability and utilization of contraceptives. The social marketing component of the project is increasing involvement of the private sector in contraceptive marketing, thereby broadening the lapact of the program and increasing its cost-effectiveness. 330 784 TUNIS LA As unclean water is a major source of diarrheal disease, and diarrheal disease 18 a major cause of infant mortality, the Rural Potable Water Institutions project (664-0337) directly impacts on the goal of reducing Infant mortality. Technology Transfer: An important element of A. I.D.'s strategy 18 to assist the GOT in acquiring critical technology that will contribute to a reformed, regenerated economy. The Technology Transfer project (664-0315) 18 providing scholarships to more than 500 Tunisians for undergraduate and graduate study programs in engineering and related sciences at more tian 60 universities in the United States. This constitutes A.I.D.'s second largest academic degree training program in the world. Food Grant Assistance: Secondary effects of the Got's Structural Ad Justment Program, including unemployment and deterioration in nutrition levels, are potentially disruptive, both politically and economically. In support of GOT efforts to protect its most vulnerable populations from the temporary adverse effects of the Program, A.I.D. vill propose Section 416 food grant assistance to FY 1987. This would be used for those groups, Including children, whose nutrition levels will suffer. Housing Investment Guarantee (HG): The HG program provides United States Government guarantees for loans from private investors in the United States, the proceeds of which help to finance housing and related infrastructure, lacluding land development, self-help housing construction, credit, and improvements in storm and sanitary sewage. Promotion of greater private sector participation in the delivery of low income shelter 18 a major objective of an amendment to the ongoing HG made in FY 1986. The HG program is important to the GOT both for the assistance it provides la financing low income housing and slum improvement, as well as for the assistance which the long-term dollar credits provide in meeting an urgent need for foreign exchange. A.I.D. has used housing guarantees to support COT movement towards lower cost investments and full cost co 10 the housing sector. As a result of A.I.D.'s policy dialogue under the HG-004-B program, the GoT, through its National Housing Savings Bank (CNEL), has recently raised interest rates from 4.5% to 8.25% on CNEL housing loans. The lacrease has reduced a costly subsidy for the Government to a period of budget austerity. PY 1988 Program The FY 1988 program provides ESF resources to continue to identify and address macroeconomic problems, as well as for continued support for the Institution building and technology needs of Tunisia in key areas. It also will permit continuation of policy dialogue to promote and support reforms which affect agriculture and the private sector. La food production, PL 480 and ESP will be used to continue efforts to help Tunisia realize its potential for greater economic efficiency. ESP grant 331 785 TUNISIA funds vill be used for a new project for Improved Water Resources Management (664-0345). Data presently available indicate that judicious use of technical assistance and existing technologies could result in measurable, prompt returns from better management of water resources. The PL-480 Title I program will continue to provide needed food imports and at the same time assist Tunisia financially at a time when it faces balance of payments difficulties. Commodity Import Program (CIP): In FY 1988, A.I.D. will fund another CIP program. Local currencies generated under the Ntle I program and the CIP will be used to help meet local costs of priority development activities Identified under the Agriculture Policy Implementation project (664-0343). These resources will also permit A. 1.D. to continue its policy dialogue with the Government of Tunisia focusing on: --Increasing GOT attention to those agricultural lavestmeats aimed at encouraging private sector participation; encouraging realistic farm input prices to promote Increased private sector dealer involvement; - promoting increased uses of lower cost fertilizer inputs; and -promoting further reforms in the agricultural credit sector. A.I.D.'s Technology Transfer project (644-0315) will continue to finance scholarships for academic degree training of approximately 520 Tunisians at U.S. universities. Mission Director: James R. Phippard 332 786 Aerotetore the one : 488 **- } . . OG 2.406 --- es. 006 88213 --- 07 *** 0667 1.157 1.135 12 --- 326 - 1.12 *** 1 225 ; . *** . 064 .. JO -- .300 1.001 10.163 06:10 S** 410 SNOI IV -M1.1 -1740 -141. QI10.0*4. 5411) - $$119.987- ( 1904 *#$ 9 99LLAIS) $49) ON6 C1394964 SATA1456 6 Asts 787 SUNWAY JR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (! THOUSANDS OF DOLLAPS) CP $ SUPEAU FORSIA AND A EAST -ROOO5!FYD- 99LIS- EXPOV- ATIONS DITUROS -ESTIMAT!FY97- 91.; XPSY ATIONS 0:TUS TUNISIA -ACTUAL FY26 OLI:- ATIONS DITUR! S LOD PLANNSD AUTHO -THROUSM FY39 - OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L. IIVIT 4L EIN4L 3 OLI: 33L!3 PROJECT NO. AYO TITL! 2.309 331 S.390 2.750 73 L 31 5,390 5,309 2.394 2096 2.094 2.036 95 77 3 --- --- --- 109 --- 573 2.250 1,366 7 83 2.250 2.250 L --- 2.765 1,043 11,973 3.336 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11,973 11,973 is 3,16 --- --- 495 995 35 1,490 1.450 --- 373 327 --- 1.300 1.300 --- 40 --- 53 90 25 33 200 120 57 --- 16 60 2.330 1.742 . 2.950 2.370 40 916 1.742 --- --- --- --- 4,536 132 --- .. --- 6.77 13.000 10.000 7,255 7.25e ... --- ... 334 tolo 31,00 You foto 604.3296 RURAL CO NUNITY TEALTH Oc6•C312 CENTRAL TUNISIA RUPAL DEVELOPET 6640312 CENTRAL TUNISIA RURAL JEVOLUPAINT 6,333 2.40 GRANTS 1.009 6,333 313 1,043 7.640 1.640 4.116 LOANS 5!LECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1.450 i 31 éc. 0315 POCHNOLOGY TRANSPOR 1.300 3 654032 ENERGY PLANNINS 656-0330 3 3 NALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE/PC TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.830 RANTS 2.95 2.37 LOANS ECONOMIC SUORT FUND 6,776 4.774 65.531 !TERGENCY 02 DUGMT ELIEF (CIP) 37 9 17.258 ostKoz 3 :6*DITY PORT DRORUM ouden 788 5 YA'Y pe ACTIVE AND PROOS) PROJECTS HOUSANDS OF OCLLARS) BUREAU FC: 3:2 ANO NI : 51 S, OLCS .OCAL COSTS SUPPORT 3 37 37 465 665 ... coo 73 9 1.500 DOO 2.793 2.700 1.200 . AROLIJAAL TECHNOLORY ... 13 --- 737 26 ... 363 ... 1.661 :از:•:5 i !1 9? 2.722 13.79 13.232 1,333 9.300 T:CMOL; TRANS 1.15 OCOS 3.000 3.000 S000 3 33 3.500 OCSO 336 1.07 - .. : :: :: :: :زر از OCG ... CSS 774 !ATERSTO נג?• 6.JSO 786 65 917 : >2:v4T! SECTOR ! AV TIC IRANSP22 .. CSI1 ', 6.700 1.500 3 .00C 1.000 -- b.000 10 ... 250 5.000 3.420 3 23 3.SI 3.500 3.500 --- --- 1.766 -- --- --- --- 1.100 1.600 --- --- --- ... 37 5.520 --- 3.500 1.Jo כככ.2 1.900 as OCS --- --- --- 0 --- 3.000 1.000 14.063 16.23 19,779 20.00 26.83 --- --- --- --- ! 335 TU!. CP 38 PROJECT .. & TIL LO" PLANN: -ACTUAL FY36- -::: ܐ ::: ܐ -THROUGH FY99- Saij- XV. ATION; DITUR:S -911EC ..1963 • SOLI: - ESTIMATED FY97- SPIN- ATIONS 3ITURES -!1780 -PROPOSED Pre- 9XPER- ATIONS DITURES 4TIONS DITURES 3 1.000 3.000 ...212 INTRAL:3:1 SUBAL DEVELOPINT " ככט,3 ..:27 6.6.9337 ..ILY PLANNING AND • NC: inace 57:31 04PUT:: 1 :: 4121: lift - 3 6.500 AJAAL ::!l! Alia 650D OCS 9 4; POLICY "LANTATION ..3.5 IRCV 4TER RISCUPC:S SANAT sianssir TOTAL 23 ACCOUNT 2,750 3.077 52.376 9,301 ܪܐܕܐܐܐ 14.063 16.203 19,779 20.033 26,933 URANTS 75.377 52.374 29.7! 9, 501 22624 LCINS to the Corony N- OPAS 2.0 horld dete 789 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE OROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP $6 9JPEAU POR ASIA AN) NEAR EAST -PROPOSED FY83 - OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES TUNIS:4 -ACTUAL FYS3- OBLI; EXPEN ATIONS OITURES LO PLANN!) AUTHO -THROUGH FY9S- LIG. EXPEV- 4TIONS DITURES L FY FY 09 1 INIT::L FINAL OBLIG 03L13 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 27,309 20.303 28.53 16.203 13,869 22.566 49,560 96.793 COUNTRY TOTAL 27.271 • 20.00) 152.155 109,372 TOTAL 16.107 16.213 24,942 23,663 22664 51,913 3,565 GRANTS 2.742 117.360 76,977 34.795 34,795 14,795 25.997 LOANS Motor to the planned project way to 336 Coloffort they Y final obligation solumn - All project to the home with an initio obligation done before December 11, od on the wuthorized date Projeto dni hotion du Doctor 01, 10th FY of Finetton and date 790 PUNONED MOQRAM RUNLARY SHEET NG, RO IN Finding Sourd EST FY 1988 ED.HR S. Act PROPOSED OBLIGATION finder Ute of Project Funding 5.000 9.500 Untimetrinosigation Estimated Completion De of Project FY 1989 India Obligation FY 1988 FY 1991 Propose: To lacrease the productivity of mall irrigated faru, both private and public, through laproved farmer management of water resources. Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries laclude approximately 10,000 private farmers who irrigate their crops and an associated 100 private service cooperatives plus 1000 faners and 50 water user associations in the public Irrigation perimeters. In addition, there will be a large number of secondary beneficiaries due to employment generation la fara labor, laput distribution, marketing and other agricultural services. A All Years 10,000 Protect Description: Two decades of heavy GOT Investment la Irrigation Infrastructure, both surface and groundwater, have not produced the expected gains in agricultural production. na jor problem has been lack of efficient management of water resources. The project will enphasize support of the private irrigated for sector which comprises 60% of irrigation lavestment in Tunisia. Through introduction, testing and refinement of improved management techniques and irrigation technologies on farmers' fields, the project will train farmers to manage more efficiently their llaited water resources and Increase cropping latensity. In the public irrigated fara sector the project will complement the IBRD-supported Irrigation Management Improvement Project. Technical anstatance and training will support development of private Water Users' Associations (WUA) to assume primary responsibility for water management and systea operation and saintenance. Ma for Outputs - Private Earners efficiently irrigating their land year-round -Private farmers (in public Irrigation systems) efficiently irrigating their land year-round 1,000 All Years 80-90% 50 Ma lor Outputs -Iaproved cropping efficiency os Irrigated farms -Private WUAS undertaking major water management and malatenance responsibilities in public systems -Increased technical capability in Ministry of Agriculture to assist farmers in laproving water management operations -Short-tena technical training participants The x 100 Relationship of the Protect to A.I.D. Strategy agricultural strategy supports development of a more prosperous and productive faning sector leading to eaployment generation and expansion of food exports. AID-Pinanced Inputs Hosta Counts and Other Donors: The IBRD is providing $22 llion for technical assistance, training and comodity support for the public irrigation perimeters under its Irrigation Management Iaprovenent Project (1982–92). Host country (public/private) Institutions will assume staffing. office and transportation costs associated with the project. -Technical Assistance -Training -Irrigation Technology Research/Test Support Commodities Monitoring and Evaluation System Other Costa (Contingencies/Inflation) TOTAL Life of Project (Thousand 4,000 1,000 500 2,200 800 1.000 ,300 U. & FINANCING (in thousands of other Oblication Expandhu Princip Contraston or on veure YOOBUON 2,300 End Totcort 9.500 02. TUNISIA Laproved Water Resources Management 6640345 Population 9 CAT LOW CONG Throw tomber, Estimated to You Edimoted Throws September Provedlocal Y 1966 >,000 AD 3707 (11-05) 337 791 Turkey 339 792 TURKEY PROGRAM SUMMARY (9000) 1987 (Actue) (Estimated) Category FY FY 1986 FY 1988 (Request) Development Assistance Loen Grent 119,625 100,000 125,000 Economic Support Fund Loen Grent Other 119,625 100,000 125,000 TOTALS 119,625 100,000 125,000 P.L 480 Tide 1 Tide 11 TOTALS 119,625 100,000 125,000 FY PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT MIRE FY FY Category (Astu (Estimated (Request) U.S. National Foreign National LOIALS Toted full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, escuw property, and IC personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY FY HActual) (Estimated Tot A T Total Category FY (Request) T A Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS alu-training refers to the sum of participant new starts daving the FY & curryovers still in training from the prior Ty. Acedemic: degron soeking NO 3702 ) Tocknical: non-degree seeking Participants funded under bilateral programs. •Participants funded under regional programs (ang, CASA DE 340 793 TURKEY Introduction Turkey 18 a close, valued ally in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Its location, between Europe and the Middle East, bordering the Soviet Union, 18 of strategic importance to the United States. The United States has an interest in encouraging and supporting the growth, developaent and stability of a democratic, Western-oriented Turkey, willing and able to meet its NATO commitments. The United States continues to support the economic reform program which the Turkish Government initiated in 1980. The program features a flexible foreign exchange regine, major efforts to reforn Turkey's parastatal enterprises, and restrictive fiscal, monetary and wage policies. These and complementary policies have been used to change the Turkish economy from one which looked inward, producing for a highly protected domestic market, to one which increasingly is oriented toward the world market. The reform program--with support from the United States and other members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development--has been remarkably successful. In the late 1970s, Turkey experienced a deep economic malaise necessitating large-scale aid, a major debt rescheduling and International Monetary Fund support; it is now able to finance basic imports and to service its external debt. Economic growth has resumed with exports leading the way. Since 1983, the civilian government of Prime Minister Turgut Ozal has moved to open the Turkish economy even further to market forces. The Import regime has been substantially reduced. A sweeping liberalization of foreign exchange controls has been carried out. Interest rates have been restructured. In 1985, the Turkish economy grew by 5.1%, compared with 5.9% in 1984. Total output in agriculture and industry grew by 2.8% and 5.5% respectively. Capital investment increased from 1.8% in 1984 to 5.1% in 1985. The balance of payments showed marked improvement. The current account deficit fell from $1.4 billion in 1984 to $1.0 billion in 1985. As a result of the introduction of a 10% value-added tax and other measures designed to increase revenue collection, the budget deficit fell from Turkish lira 900 billion in 1984 to an estimated TL 600 billion in 1985. Domestic inflation remains a serious problem although the rate of inflation has fallen markedly. Although the Turkish Government has established an impressive record in the economic sphere, the framework upon which the economic recovery is built remains fragile. Substantial outside assistance is still needed. Debt-service payments are heavy, and will remain so over the next several years. Nevertheless, with conservatively projected increases in 341 794 TURKEY export earaings, continued laplementation of the stabilization program, comaitments of economic assistance from the Daited States and other donors and continued commercial capital inflova, Turkey to expected to meet its obligations while at the same tine continuing to grow and develop. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.1.D.'s strategy 16 to provide resources which, in conjunction with those provided by other governaents and private lenders will pernit Turkey to service its large debt, while importing the goods and services It needs for economic growth. The $119.6 milion provided in FY 1986 and the $100 million planned for PY 1987 assists Turkey in financing its external financial requirements. While Its balance of payments position has been strengthened, Turkey still requires assistance to meet its significant debt-servicing requirement and to finance the imports it needs for continued growth and development, PY 1988 Program Punds are requested to continue support of Turkish economic reform and stabilization efforts. Turkey is expected to continue to pursue policies designed to encourage development of the private sector and enhance the climate for foreign lavestnent. SU***"'.: 9.610 is ver AID/W Office Director: Gerald Kamens 342 795 SUNTARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 83 BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS 01 TURES TURKEY 277 -THROUGM PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTMD FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL O9LI3 OULIS PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 119.625 119,625 ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND --- 11,625 119.625 96 3 100.000 100.000 277-K007 CASM TRANSFER --- --- 125.000 125.000 97 37 100.000 103.000 3 277-6611 CASH TRANSFER --- 125.000 88 125.000 125.000 3 277-XX88 CASH TRANSFER 100.000 100.000 119.625 119.625 . 125.000 125.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 346,625 219.625 100.000 150.000 119.625 119.625 344,625 219.625 GRANTS LOANS --- 125,000 125.000 100.000 100.000 119.625 119.625 --- 125,000 125.000 COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 346.625 219.625 190.000 150.000 119.625 119,625 YRANTS 346.25 219.625 --- LO45 'heter the plannedy 343 Cel datort sett Yo final do com - Al project in cowhidontatore D. 31, the worland date Por other into tondo Do 31.10h FY of linalotton dople to 796 Yemen Arab Republic 345 1 797 FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (270) YEMEN ARAB REPUBLIC BASIC DATA •FORE I ON TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )OAT . COTTON . COFFEE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS. NID 1986) 6,345 PER CAPITA ONP (DOLLARS, 1983) 550 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1968-94) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-94) 12.6% 5.9% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) O (1984) 8 (1985) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 0% (1984) 99% (1985) 479% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)TEXTILEGNFRD @D, PETROLEUM PRODS, SUGAR IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 67 (1984) 77 ( 1985) 43 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 4% (1984) 6% (1985) 4% TRADE BALANCES MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1983) - 1.756(84) -1,393(85)-1.228 NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 46.1 (1970) TOTAL 38.6 MALE 40.7 MALE 37.6 FEMALE 47.5 FEMALE 39.6 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 9% MALE 18% FEMALE 2x TRADING PARTNERS: JAPAN , SAUDI ARABIA FRANCE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF G (1984) • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). ( 1984) (1984) 67 29.6% % ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE :) AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GDP. .........(1984) POPULATION DENSITY / $0 KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 21% •SOCIAL DATA 78 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.6% (1978) 2.4% (1986) 2.9% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) ,8% ( 1986) 13% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) SUBSISTENCE: SORGHUN . WHEAT ,PULSES CASH: GRAPES , COTTON , COFFEE ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 8 63% (1985) 2% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION, (1979) 2.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COTTON HIDES AND SKINS ,COFFEE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 48.9% (15-84YRS) 48.2% (65+ YRS) 2.8% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1985) WHEAT , MEATS .DAIRY PRODS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 140 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1980) 74% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1984) 7.071 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANT$ (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INTESTINAL INFEC, MALARIA SCHI STOSORIASIS (1982) 1,262 (83) 1, 149 (84) 935 DEATH.. ( ) TOTAL EXPENOITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 1,991 (83) 1.997 (84) 1,684 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 90% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) I 1982) -1.153 (13) -1,050 (84) -857 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 27% DEFENSE EXPENOITURES, A$ % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1982) 32.3% (63) 33.9% 84) 28.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS OF GNP ........ (1982) 14.1% (83) 13.5% (84) 10.5% PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 47.3 MALE 79.9 FEMALE 14.2 SECONDARY (1962) TOTAL 5.6 RALE 6.0 FENALE 0.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO, POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 0.7 NALE 1.3 FEMALE 0.1 (MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 366 (84) 319 (85) 297 EQUIVALENT TO 2.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1965) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 346 798 YEMEN Category PROGRAM SUMMARY_($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 23,549 22,000 FY 1988 (Request) 22,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 23,549 22,000 22,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other TOTALS 23,549 22,000 22,000 P.L. 480 Title 1 Tide 11 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 TOTALS 33,549 32,000 27,000 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 21.4 19 19 Foreign National 21.0 20 20 TOTALS 42.4 39 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Includo HIC, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 39 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA" FY 1986 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total A T Total FY 1987 Category FY1988 (Requesti T Total A9 A 271 64 336 315 40 355 278 40 318 U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regional 52 19 71 54 35 89 23 45 68 TOTALS 323 84 307 369 75 444 301 85 386 eln-training refers to the sum of participant new starte Tocknical: nor degree soeking during the FY & carryovers stali in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral program prior FY. bacademic: degree weking Participants fundad under regional programs lengan CLAS ADP. AID 3702B-08) 347 799 YDEN Introduction The Yemen Arab Republic abute the southern entrance to the Red Sea and borders both the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) and Saudi Arabia. Yenen's strategic location, its relations with Saudi Arabia and other Persian Gulf states, and its newly-found oil resources in the 111-defined border areas of northeastern Yemen, contribute to its importance to U.S. Interests in regional stability. The United States seeks, through econonic and other assistance, to help develop a strong government 10 Yenen, friendly with its neighbors, which will further 0.s. Interests in stability on the Arabian Peninsula and in the Red Sea area. Unlike most of its neighbors on the peninsula, Yenen 18 a poor country with an estimated 1983 per capita Gross National Product (GNP) of $550. Life expectancy 18 47 years, adult literacy is 9%, and infant mortality 18 high at 173 per 1,000 births. Only 23% of Yemen's 6.3 million resident population has access to safe water. A mere 5.6% of Yemeni high school age children are enrolled in high schools. Despite these bleak quality of life indicators, Yemen has developed considerably since its 1962 revolution. Education, primary health care and other services have been made more widely available, and roads, communication systems and other infrastructure have been put into place, financed largely by substantial Arab donor aid and remittances by Yemeni anigrants in the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia. These remittances have resulted in rapid increase in per capita cash income, but agriculture has stagnated with the loss of rural labor to the Gulf, and local industry has had little chance to develop in the face of rapidly rising and relatively cheap imports. The end of the oil boom in the Gulf has led to a decline in the number of Yemeni emigrants as well as in Yemeni workers' remittances, and to a sharp reduction la Arab aid. To cope with shrinking foreign exchange inflows, the Yenen Government has taken restrictive measures, including sharp devaluation of the rial, to stem imports and allocate scarce foreign exchange to priority areas. The only bright spot on the econonic horizon 18 the discovery of oil 10 commercially exploitable quantities. A small refinery has been completed at Marib which will produce enough to cover 30% of domestic oil requirements, and a pipeline to the Red Sea 18 under construction. Despite the oil discovery, Yemen's economy remains precarious. Unless oil prices rise dramatically, or there exista Bubatantially more oil than 18 now estimated, oil revenues will werely offset decllaing remittances and donor aid. The primary effect of oil resources will thus be to shift the bulk of foreign exchange earnings from the private to the public sector. 69-533 0 - 87 - 2 348 800 YEMEN A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishaents to Date The U.S. assistance progran of human resource and institutional development seeks to lay a foundation for sustained national development and a stronger friendship between Yemen and the United States. Tangible 0.s. participation in the economic development of the Yenen Arab Republic lodicates u.s. support of Yemen's developmental objectives and the free-market means through which the country 18 seeking to achieve then. The Yemen Government 1. now in the process of developing 1ts Third Flve Year Plan (1987-1991). Ito highest priorities for the planning period will be: (1) agricultural development to reduce Laport requirements; (2) exploitation of Yenen's oil and mineral resources to earn foreign exchange needed to finance strategic luports, particularly grain, and equipment and spare parts needed for agricultural and Industrial growth, and further Lafrastructural development; (3) development of Yemen's human resources to produce the increasingly skilled workforce required; (4) Industrial development, particularly agribusiness, with eaphasis on those industries utilizing local rav materials; and (5) expansion of social services, particularly education and primary health care, to currently underved areas of the predominantly rural population. It 18 locreasingly clear that the projected foreign exchange piach over the next two or three years will restrict the Yemen Government's ability to finance strategic laports in pursuit of plan objectives. In this context, it is anxiously looking toward its friends, including the United States, for financing to bridge this critical Interna period. A.I.D.'s progras la Yenen fully supports the Yenen Government's priority objectives which are well conceived. Yener faces enormous human resource and Institutional needs resulting from 1ts isolation and stagnation prior to the 1962 revolution. The central government, until recently but one factor in a complex tribal society, can be expected to grow to influence as oil revenues flow into government coffers. Despite the current scarcity of foreign exchange, the Yemeni private sector remains a dynamic force in the country's economy. In this environnent, A.I.D.', strategic objectives have been to strengthen the country's institutional infrastructure and to broaden its human resource base in both the public and the private sectors, through selective Interventions to: (1) Increase agricultural production; (2) develop Yemen's capacity to administer oll resources; (3) provide health care services to promote child survival; (4) broaden access to educational services; (5) and make evallable safe water for an expanding rural population. A.1.D.'a agricultural progra in Yemen, the Agricultural Development Support Progra (279-0052), 18 taplemented by Title XII wiversities and Includes five on-going subprojects. One of them, the CORB subproject, 1. designed to assist Yemen's young Mialstry of Agriculture to develop a capacity to plan, iapleneat and evaluate prograns designed to achieve accelerated agricultural growth lavolving both the public and private sectors. During 1986, this subproject focused extensively on asisting 349 801 YUN U.S. the Ministry to develop its portion of the Third Mve Year Plan. recommendations will be reflected in many of Yemen', agricultural objectives for the planning period. Two subprojects, Poultry Extension and Training, and Horticulture Improvement and Training, have been and will continue to be focused on technology transfer to introduce modern methods of egg and fruit production in Yemen. Ege production has increased by 25% since 1984 and fruit production has increased by 22% to the last five years. As a result, Yemen shows promise of becoming self-sufficient in these products in the near future. Two other subprojects are focusing on development of Yemen's human resources in the agriculture sector. Under Ibb Secondary Agricultural Institute subproject curriculum and administrative procedures have been established which are being used by the Yemen Government at two other secondary agricultural schools. The Yemen Government has also requested 0.8. assistance in determining the feasibility of other secondary agricultural schools in rural areas. Under the Faculty of Agriculture subproject, A.I.D. 18 assisting in the establishment of Yemen's first agricultural faculty at Sana'a University, through the provision of faculty training in the United States, curriculum development, design and construction of an instructional farn and related facilities, and construction supervision for the main faculty complex to be funded by the Islanic Development Bank and the Saudi Fund for Development. Three classes of students are now enrolled in the faculty; by the end of 1989 the majority of the staff will be 0.3.-trained Ph.Da. A.I.D., in it policy dialogue with the Ministry of Agriculture, is emphasizing the need to put exdating pullet and fruit tree distribution efforts on a self-sustaining basis, with the longer-teru objective of encouraging the Ministry to privatize these functions. A.I.D.'s general training projecta (Development Training I, II, and III 279-0029, 0040, and 0080 respectively) have played a major role in increasing the supply of development planners, managers and administrators available to the public and private sectors in Yenen. By the end of 1987, approximately 50 Yeneni will have completed academic training in the United States and third countries, bringing the total number of Yemenis trained through A.I.D. projects to approximately 550 since 1974. An estimated 93 participants will begin long-term training programs in PY 1987. The Development Training III Project (279-0080) will finance a series of organizational development7training needs asaesonents of Yemeni ministries and private sector entities and fund follow-on training based upon the recommendations of these studies. The first such study will focus on the strategically important Ministry of 011 and Mineral Resources formed in early 1986. Development Training III Resources will also provide technical assistance and training to the Miniatry 1o financial management and administration of oil revenues and expenditures. A.I.D. educational 350 802 Y212 resources will continue to promote technology transfer through the training of faculty members for Sana'a University and the provision of research grants to returned participants and others to encourage the adaptation/adoption of appropriate technologies. By the end of 1987, 10 18 expected that the majority of Yeaeni teachers in the Faculties of Science and Education will be U.S. trained Ph.Do. The training of teacher trainers and educational adalnistrators will continue through PY 1987 under the Basic Education Development Project (279-0053). To date, 120 Yemeni educators trained under this project have returned to positions at the teacher training Institutes, la in-service teacher training programs or educational planning and administration. In addition, through the centrally funded Improving the Efficiency of Education System Project, A.I.D. has focused its policy dialogue with the Ministry of Education on questions of educational efficiency and the relationship of greater efficiency to locreased access. It has also assisted the Ministry to prepare its section of the Third Mive Year Plan. As a result, U.S. recommendations will be reflected in many of Yemen's educational objectives for the coming planning period. During PY 1987 A.I.D. plans to initiate the Education Developaent Support Project (279-0074) which will assist the Yemen Government to increase the efficiency of basic education. The inefficiency of the basic education system 18 a major constraint to meeting the mid-level aanpower requirements for national development. By the end of PY 1987, A.I.D. expects to complete the Nhana Prinary Health Care Project (279-0065), and be well into implementation of the Child Survival Project (279-0082), initially obligated in PY 1986. By 1ts completion, the Tihana Primary Health Care Project will have provided primary health care services to 70 rural villages in the Mhana, the poorest area of Yemen, where no such services existed before. The new Child Survival Project was designed to assist the Yenen Government to mount & direct attack on Yemen's na jor health problems of infant and maternal morbidity and mortality, focussing on six rural governorates where primary health care services are scarce or nonexistent. In FY 1987 this project will focus primarily on Yemen's planned nationwide Immunization campaign to be undertaken in cooperation with UNICEF and other donors. Water scarcity remains a crucial constraint to the Yemen Government's objectives of lacreasing agricultural production and laproving the health status of the rural population. A five-year extension of A.I.D.'s Small Rural Water Systems Project (279-0044) was approved ta 1984, based upon the recommendations of an evaluation which concluded that, although many village water systems have been constructed, much more remains to be done to institutionalize this capacity within the Ministry of Public Works, and to promote consciousness of health and sanitation 10 villages receiving new water systeos. To date, 156 rural water systems have been constructed, providing potable water to an estimated population of 140,000. 351 803 IN Another significant element of A.I.D.'s on-going program in Yenen la B.L. 480, Ntle I. Local currency proceeds from FT 1984 and FT 1985 sales are being used to assist in the reconstruction of earthquake-dansged homes and provision of necessary infrastructure la Dhamar province, in conjunction with the efforts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the European Bconomic Community. By the end of 1986, A.I.D. estimates that approximately 350 new hones will be under construction or completed, and an additional 625 reconstruction contracts will have been signed. During FY 1987 and beyond, A.I.D. and the Yemen Government plan to devote P.L. 480 local currency generations to a number of lovestments in the agriculture sector, including support to the Faculty of Agriculture, developuent of agricultural services in the Wadi Jawt area (in cooperation with the World Bank and other donors), and a possible P.L. 480 Section 108 progran to provide loans to the private sector for agricultural purposes. I 1988 Program I 1988 funda are requested for continuation of agricultural programs in the arena of lnstitutional development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Plsheries, borticultural development, secondary agricultural education, and establishment of the Faculty of Agriculture at Sana'a Noiversity. IA addition, the requested funds will peralt Initiation of a model fan at Sana'a University to demonstrate efficient technologies for on-farm water use. Adoption of these technologies will enable Yemeni farmers to achieve higher productivity per unit of water, thereby conserving Yemen's scarce water resources. Education funds are requested in YY 1988 to finance the continuation of A.I.D.'s participant training program and organizational development/training needs assessments planned under the Development Training III Protect (279-0080). This project will also continue to provide a vehicle for technology transfer activities with Sana'a University. Funds are also planned for the Education Development Support Project (279-0074) to support an assessment of Yemen's primary education curriculum, the development of learning objectives, and to conduct research into the causes of educational inefficiency. Health funds requested for FY 1988 will enable A.I.D. and the Yenen Government to continue the newly established emphasis on child survival programs in the context of expanded primary health care services, Health funds are also requested for completion of the on-going Small Rural Water Systems Project (279-0044). By project completion, 173 rural water systems M11 have been constructed, and the Yemen Government's rural water supply organization will have a significantly improved capability to plan, design, and monitor the construction of additional water systems. P.L. 480, Title I la also requested for Yemen 10 PY 1988 to provide balance of payments rellef to the Yenen Government in this difficult period before oil revenues begin to flow to the Governnent. Local currency proceeds fron these sales will be used to finance activities designed to mobilize both public and private sector resources in support of the Yemen Government's highest priority objective of increasing agricultural production and productivity. Mission Director: Charles F. Weden,Jr. 352 804 SUMSARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR SIA AND NEAR EAST 272 TENEN AÖRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. A) NUTRITION 3 79 7,789 3.720 7.947 1,384 63 --- 79 95 161,520 120,733 57,248 38.780 11.550 13,491 10.100 16,900 5.000 10.850 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 46,664 11.550 15.1.) 14:39 9.000 10,850 OOO --- ... DOO ALTM ܕܪ܀ --- --- --- --- 277.30 5 9,043 5.339 1.582 --- . ܆ ܫ ܪܪ ܐܐ ܕ ܪܙ ri- A 1.418 11.00 134 --- 3.139 --- 2.300 1.500 2.400 2.300 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 4.459 6,412 4.100 5.418 3,400 --- --- --- eCATION ANC MUAN RESOURCES PROJECT NO. AN) TITLE . PY OF SY OF | INITIAL FINAL 3 OBLIO OL! LOD PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- AT ONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY26. OSLIG- EXP EN ATIONS OITURES STIMATED PY87- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PY88• OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 27-30.5 LOCAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 279-052 3 43&ICULTURAL DEVELOPINT SUPPORT 169.509 129,459 65,195 46,664 11.550 13.5.4 12.10: 14:22 9.900 10.350 GRANTS 169.579 123,458 65.195 LO4.3 $100 :.100 5.100 5.784 271-00.. AT:R SUPPLY 5.5 ANA 4: T ܕܪܝܘܪܐܐ 21,532 11.50 12.13 12.363 ככ!,1 4.563 1.93 2.500 SMALL OU L 81: 31373 1.000 1,500 12.700 12.700 277-3):. ACCELERAT 2 SURVIVAL 02 CARLO 47,543 51.300 32.231 23.991 4.459 6.412 6.100 5.416 3.400 GRANTS 49,543 51.300 32,231 23,991 LOANS 'noton theory 353 Cueron Yion co-Althood dobrote 91,00 Podhon inte om det 91. Pronto world det 805 599 any g' *CTIV! AN PROPOS!" PROJECTS (IN OUSANDS OF JOLLARS) .: 090 33:43. !!ST -PROPOSED F188- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS ITURES - 5STINAT!! :7. 51P IN #TIONS DITURES -THROUGH PY!S- -ACIJAL PYS- EXPON ATIONS DITURIS -.7780 20 -!!16C Nex; !:18C 135 M. ANS ! AUTH It!** PINAS OL! 331:: ITIONS JITUR! S 155 .:: !1150 1.505 . 17,719 2.000 20,14 OOO 2.000 23.17 ?),1? 1:2739 ?..23 13,739 11,710 $:3.C !41:9:21 VLET 13,609 4,300 95 7,393 6,300 1.93 7.500 13.017 1,501 :3.330 OCCC: 10.600 6.155 6.155 7.900 9.747 3052 31.03? 73,913 63,350 10,600 6.155 co2 5.155 7.S33 31.033 --- --- --- ... ... 103,5 --- --- *5 --- 67 4C 14 90 --- --- 40 67 30 14 65 60 50 CZ SR:15 120 -O. LOONS 21.139 25.732 23.365 101.699 --- V=LP!: TRIIN!*;:1 279.953 67:-039 3 7::LO. TAS!!! !11 TOTAL:08 CCOUNT ܐܪܪܫܕܕ 5,747 65.952 73,713 35,467 35.31:3 2!1:LOP!ACTIV!!!3 277-0.34 54:11 PROC: +35:57%9C:/PEAC 203 123 زد :: T9141-02 ACCOUNT 202 123 22.000 26,516 22.000 23,752 23.549 101.699 145,456 21.139 .:))i i TOT! 25,195 25,545 22.000 26.313 22.000 165,456 PRINTS i's,165 263,545 LOSS N-PAS 908 Yemen Arab Republic 355 807 ANE REGIONAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) 29,489 22,100 FY 1988 (Request) 22,100 Development Assistance Loen Grant 29,489 22,100 22,100 26,166 14,406 20,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 26,166 14,406 20,000 TOTALS 55,655 36,506 42,100 P.L. 480 2,506 1,603 1,547 Title 1 (Maldives) 700 Title 11(West Bank 1,806 1,603 1,547 Gaza) TOTALS 58,161 1! 38,109 43,647 I FY 1986 total Includes $215 thousand of FY 1985 deobligated funds and $1.366 million FY 1986 deobligated funds for a total of $1.579 million reobli- gated funds in FY 1986; $1.362 million ESF and $3.961 million DA local costs support and $4.859 million from the FY 1985 Supplemental Appropriation for West Bank and Gaza. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY FY FY (Actual) Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS Total full time equivalent workyear of employment. Include HIG, excen property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hour. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) A5 re Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional 179 211 390 145 2101 3551 124 811 202 Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale 23512.5381 2.773 1972. 309 2.4161 121 1,002 1.123 TOTALS 414 2,749 3,163 252 2,519 2,771 242 1,083 1,325 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the d Participants funded under bilateral programa prior FY. bAondemic: degree making Puticipants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASS AMDP). NID 3702 000 356 808 ANE REGIONAL Introduction The Asia and Near East Regional program 1s funded fron the Econoaic Support Punds (ESF) and Development Assistance (DA) accounts. It groups together a wide-ranging portfolio of regionally and subregionally focused activities in a number of sectors, aimed at a variety of political and developmental objectives. The largest of these activities are briefly described below. FY 1988 Program The West Bank and Gaza (398-0159) program supports projects to laprove living conditions of and expand employment and lacone generation activities for Palestinians residing in the West Bank and Gaza. From the inception of the program in 1975 through FY 1986, over $68 aillion has been provided. Projects are laplemented by u.s. and local private and voluntary organizations (PVOs) and other institutions, with the U.S. lnput usually matched by contributions from other sources. Save the Children Foundation (SCF) has funded a variety of rural development activities in the areas of water and sanitation, agriculture, and social development, including 67 community water systems and two na jor regional systems, a fruit and vegetable market, 47 farm to market roads and latroduction of laproved agriculture technology on over 1000 faras. ID 1986, SCF began a revolving loan fund program to provide credit and technical assistance to farmers and small-scale entrepreneurs. Funds requested for FY 1988 will permit SCP to develop additional self-help projects in agriculture and to continue its loan program. American Near East Refugee Assistance (ANERA) has assisted cooperatives, nursing, vocational and technical schools and municipalities. Twenty-eight cooperatives have received assistance in land reclamation and mechanization and another 22 in such areas as electrification, dairy and food processing, agriculture marketing and irrigation. Municipal projects have lacluded a wholesale fruit and vegetable market, a light Industrial park and a rainwater conservation systen. The Cooperative Development Program (CDP), begun in 1986 by Agricultural Cooperative Development International and other members of the U.S. cooperative movement, complements ANERA', support of cooperatives with training and technical assistance to their leaders and nenbers in such areas as organizational development and financial management. With FY 1988 funds, ANERA will continue to help municipalities build infrastructure that facilitates private sector development and support cooperative marketing and other services to the private sector, including a ilot credit activity. The CDP will continue training activities and technical assistance to cooperatives. 357 809 ANE REGIONAL Village health education activities and services for handicapped children have been supported through several Catholic Relief Services (CRS) projects and the Society for the care of Handicapped Children special education project la Gaza. Over 140 villages throughout the West Bank are now successfully operating health education classes based on the CRS model. CRS has also completed 100 village self-help projects--roads, schools, community centers, electrification, water syatens, clinice-and, in 1986, began testing new approaches to agricultural mechanization and small business development. In FY 1988, CRS will complete the process of turning over responsibility for health education and services to local communities and institutions, and continue Its rural self-help, agriculture and small business development activities. Assistance to post-secondary educational institutions through America-Mideast Educational and Training Services (AMIDEAST) has provided a solid core of trained faculty for West Bank and Gaza universities and colleges. As of October 1986, 172 faculty members had returned with advanced degrees and another 119 were in academic programs in the United States, Scholarships at West Bank Institutions have helped more than 1600 needy Palestian students continue their studies in development-related fields. The Institutions they attend have also received laboratory equipment, technical assistance and short-term training for key administrative staff. With FY 1988 funding, AMIDEAST will complete its program of direct assistance to universities and continue training activities concentrated on employment and income generation. In further support of private enterprise development, arrangements were Bade in 1986 for the latetnational Executive Service Corps (IESC) to provide technical assistance to local businessmen on request. Besides the PVO programs described here, FY 1988 funding may support additional activities. The emphasis of A.I.D. assistance to the West Bank and Gaza will be on employment and income generation, and A.I.D. will continue to look for ways to stimulate private sector activity. However, A.I.D. will support selected social services and infrastructure activities in Gaza, particularly in environmental sanitation, given the generally greater need. Under the Regional Cooperation project (398-0158), A.I.D. supports activities that strengthen the peace process and increase mutual understanding between Israel and its Arab neighbors, especially Egypt. Since PY 1979, when this program was first mandated by Congress, joint projects involving Arabs and Israells have been successfully implemented in the marine sciences, psychological perceptions of the Middle East conflict, lnfectious diseases, arid land agriculture, agricultural technology exchange and environmental training for young people. In most instances, U.S. institutions have been instrumental in bridging the gap between the former enemies. In addition, a small amount of funding has been made available to the U. S. Embassies in Tel Aviv and Cairo to support cooperative activities proposed by local sponsora. Current activities 358 810 ANE REGIONAL under this program include two projects designed to increase agricultural production, one on arid lands through use of saline water and development of fodder and industrial crops, and the other promoting better use of water, dairy production, solar heating for pest control, and medicinal use of desert flora. Other current projects focus on nonconventional fish production, coastal erosion, and lakes management, as well as on research into several insect-transmitted infectious diseases. These activities Involve a number of Egyptian, Israeli and American universities, government agencies and other institutions. They bring Arabs and Israelis into direct contact on problems of mutual concern, creating ties which may eventually lead to self-sustaining relationships and greater confidence. FY 1988 funding will continue support for agricultural and health projects, as well as activities proposed locally to the Embassies and A.I.D. We also anticipate proposals for new activities in the marine sciences and in agriculture-related fields that will expand the areas of cooperation between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Institutional support will continue in FY 1988 for the Asian-American Free Labor Institute (398-0263), which operates labor support programs in a number of countries in the region. The Program Development and Support project (398-0249) provides funding for feasiblity work, project design and development, project and program evaluation, and selected special studies, in support of the bilaterally-funded project portfolio. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), comprised of Brunei Darussalan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, receives project assistance emphasizing the improvemeat of regional institutions, technical exchange and adaptation, and strengthening the private sector's role in the region. Priority sectors for assistance to ASEAN include agriculture, the environment and natural resources (both upland and coastal), energy, health and small/medium scale business. Training, human resources development, and information dissemination are key elements of this regional program. Punds are also requested for a variety of smaller projects under the Asia and Near East Regional program, in support of a number of initiatives which can most efficiently be addressed on a regional rather than a bilateral basis. These include private sector development, irrigation water management, environmental activities, child survival, population, Peace Corps cooperation, Section 116(e) human rights activities, PVO co-financing projects, American University of Beirut, and narcotics education. 1 359 811 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 95 PROGRAM: ASIA ANZ NSAR EAST REGIONAL PY OF INITIAC OBLIG PROJECT NURSER AND TITLE • LOD PLANNE AUTHO -ESTOSTED FY37. OULIG !XPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- OILIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ACTUAL Y26 OBLX EX?!N ATIONS DITUZ!$ -THROUGN FY3S• OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES FINAL OLIS G --- 2.913 8,397 --- :: 900 ... --- --- --- 900 --- : : --- --- 1.095 600 --- --- --- --- .. --- 746 --- --- --- C --- 132 72 --- --- --- --- 204 S00 1 50 500 -- 325 ... ... --- 35 2,950 2.500 120 120 120 ... 120 --- --- 63 C 1.000 725 .. 00 --- -- 1.235 97 2,236 7.234 95 --- --- SO3 430 1.000 1.350 --- --- 87 2.305 2.320 1.329 --- --- --- 1.000 530 1.000 --- 90 11.050 1.125 1,160 $40 - 950 --- --- --- ננו 650 600 25) --- ... --- : 360 Nobotore 31.10dottorie date AGRICULTURE, RURAL EV, AND NUTRITION 6.000 3.922 3,863 3. 169 33-3249 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 399-0231 3 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 399-0258.03 G 38 ASEAN WATERSHED NANASENENT 1.095 1.095 395-02.3 36 ASIA ABRICAN FRE! LABOR INSTITUTE 595-0255 6 8 EXTENSION OF SMALL SCALE AG !QUIPMENT 264 6.473 393-0276 6 FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 373-0279 6 86 STALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE PEACE CORPS 399-0282 G 36 TECHNICAL COLLABORATION 393-0236 0 36 ASEAN COASTAL RESOURCES JANA:ETENT 395-3287 G 87 ASEAN HUTAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 393-0289 i 87 26 IRRIGATION SUPPORT FOR ASIA 3 NEAR EAST 10.773 10.773 393-0334 5 87 REGIONAL PRIVATE SECTOR NUTRITION 2.225 2.225 'Rotondo le pre Guld worth Yo- Nuotai 812 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PRIORA ASIA AND EAR HAST RESIONAL PROJECT NUSIK AND TITLE - INITIAL OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD FINAL CILIO -91700 TMROUGM PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PT36. EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY87- COLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91160 -PROPOSED PYII- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 87 97 1.000 1.000 100 300 --- --- 11.473 3.010 530 . 7.882 3,662 10.232 11.473 3.010 9.530 280 8662 10.232 --- --- POPULATION PLANNING --- --- 1.703 612 1.109 1.600 1.300 1.400 C --- --- 1.113 416 734 009 098 006 07 --- --- 160 32 109 220 - -- 260 800 --- --- 2.976 096 1.934 2.500 2. 160 2.300 360 1.734 2.909 2. 160 2.300 --- --- LOANS 20. MALIN --- ... 275 1 232 300 1.37% 300 300 --- --- 1,24 1.125 C 2.901 6? 16 1.183 1.000 . :: .. --- --- --- 200 --- 300 733 730 399-0350 VITANIN A INITIATIVE ACCOUNT TOTAL 33,393 30.650 GRANTS 33,393 30.620 LOANS . 393-0046 REGIONAL POPULATION ACTIVITI!S 13,593 13.593 393-3246 3 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 39.-0282 . TECNICAL COLLAIORATION ACCOUNT TOTAL 13,953 16.383 JRANTS 2.976 13.953 16,533 399-0176 • 86 REGIONAL ENVIRONENTAL ACTIVITIES 395-024 PROGRAN DEVELOP 4:1 SUPPORT 3 395-0250 : ASEAN IALOM SC4511?:-): INIS ככז 361 813 SURVEY OF ACTIVE AXLO PROPOS!9 "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OF DOLLARS) CP 39 PROPOSED PYS. OSLIG- LIPEN ATIONS DITURES TTACI9> SV; TIN CN VIS ESTINATES FV97- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91180 ACTUAL FT36- DILIG EXPEN &TIONS DI TURIS INROUGH PYSS- OBLIG• !XPEN ATIONS OITURES 150 . . LIP PLANNED AUTKO 1 INAL OBLIG INITIAL 100 S 3 91190 CS2 --- C 16 . 15 1534 ANEXICAN FREE LABOR SMALL PROJECT ASSISTANC! . PEACE COPPS C 250 200 2 50 200 ... ... --- ... 90 2.000 20. 1.733 1.950 ?GIONAL CHILO SURVIVAL PROGRAM SUPPT 1.800 1,941 6,206 $22 --- 1.950 1.735 ACCOUNT TOTAL 3.175 100 322 6,206 1.800 --- OOO --- 3,775 700 SINTU: --- LOANS 100 --- 200 . I DUCATION AND NURAN AL SOURCES ... ... --- 598 310 100 J91-0069 SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL INPO TRANSFER --- 336 TOD 230 SS2 250 98 200 200 --- --- 100 3 I!SAL COUCATION AND TRAINING 1500-ses 486 1.500 1.779 211 : --- 211 900 570 006 336 36 211 211 TASS MEDIA JASIC EDUCAT: IN --- --- 1.008 3.900 3.700 3,700 C 3,700 100 3.900 . ... 400 400 200 c . 400 13A 4*LICAN PR!! LABOR INSTITUTE --- --- --- PRORARI PRIJECI NU ER i111. CKE 393-0263 INSTITUTE 373-0279 1580-868 374-0036 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPKENT LAN INSTITUTO 399-013 39!-0269 3 ROGEAN DEVELOPENT AND SUPPORT rº20-ses CE20-565 MUSAN RISATS X 814 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAIS) PROGRAN: ASIA AND NAR LAST REGIONAL CP 88 PROJECT NUMBER AND TITLE L . 3 FY OF INITIAL OBLIG FY OF FINAL LO PLANNE AUTHD -THROUGM FYGS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED PY87- ODLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES :از 0 1.207 500 POS 1,250 ..- --- 1.000 850 --- --- 6, 101 502 6.113 6.066 6,825 1.734 S02 6,113 6066 6,825 7,734 --- --- --- --- SILICTED DEVELOPINT ACTIVITIES 89 2.700 .. -- 17 250 400 300 400 טכ2,3 C --- .-- 1.871 1.003 1.105 1.100 1.000 : ; 86 --- 765 --- 395 300 400 300 : ; 400 C --- 254 --- :: --- 234 --- 86 150 - --- 150 ... --- 150 --- --- 150 C --- --- --- --- 120 100 120 100 C 30 200 400 --- 400 400 . :: --- --- 630 830 Soo ISO 363 2.450 399-3207 G 97 70 ASEAN MUTAN RESOURCES DEVELOPM!NT 99-355 38 93 TIGIONAL NARCOTICS EDUCATION 3.000 ACCOUNT TOTAL 7.709 2.750 GRANTS 6.101 7.739 2.700 LOANS 393-0050 PEGIONAL PRIVAT! ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES 379-0249 G 96 PROGRAN DEVELOPINT AND SUPPORT 399-0251 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 393-0263 ASIA AMERICAN PREE LABOR INSTITUTO 393-0277 6 26 ASEAN SMALL-EDIU BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT 379-0279 G95 STALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE - PEACE CORPS 399-0230 1J AN RINTS 1.350 393-0285 G 36 ASEAN ENERGY CONSERVATION AND TOT 3,025 3.025 'Motors the lowed Colores con - Moottor son 0.00 31.10 -OCT . 815 SUNNARY OF ACTIVe AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP ASIA AND NEAR EAST REGIONAL - PROPOSED FY6- OLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY9 OILIS EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL Y 96- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -TNROUGN FY8S- O9LIG• EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . FY OP SINAL OLIS LOD PLANNED AUT- PY OF INITIAL OBLIG 1 3 3.153 2.72 2.723 6.733 23 3.150 6075 0.75 2.720 ACCOUNT TOTAL 3,459 2.723 39 6,733 -O. 6075 6.075 O.. GRANTS --- LOANS 200 250 175 150 SO ECONONIC SUPPORT UND 15? --- --- --- --- 6.000 6.0 G 86 REGIONAL POPULATION ACTIVITIES 135 --- 100 --- --- 5.100 150 סככ,5 3,055 6 36 LEGAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING 5.003 1.039 2.375 --- 10.500 12.900 37 C .:: 5,450 3.500 G REGIONAL COOPERATION 13,953 --- --- :: ... --- --- --- --- 6 37 WEST BANK/GAZA DEVELOPMENT 133 --- --- 133 --- 900 800 133 133 TASS MEDIA BASIC EDUCATION 450 756 1.469 1.54 --- C --- --- 399-0249 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT ... 7.000 1.039 --- .-- 7.000 7.300 2.000 2.000 --- --- 6 96 DEFENSIV! MIXED CREDIT --- ... --- --- 15.633 20,000 17,359 16,406 13.505 23,905 1,353 14,405 --- --- GRANTS 13,233 13,133 --- LOANS PROGRAM: PROJECT NUMBER ANO TITL! 393-0048 393-005 373-0158. 393-01 59. 399-0193 393-0350 393-0357 G 36 C AYERICAN UNIVERSITY OF SEIRUT 3.151 26.166 -.. ACCOUNT TOTAL 13,233 13.133 26.166 3.151 20. 'Non to the project 364 Curele on it FY Ronco-Al project in the con i motition de boter 31, Wola Het initiation ou de Debo 1,100FY of findien taidon short one. 816 sibaroud O3501000 ONV BAIXO O AUVMNOS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) JECTS PROGRAM: ASIA AND NEAR LAST RESIONAL XENON vircut in11 CNY PY OP PY OP LOP -THROUGN PY85 ; WILINI 91760 UNIJ CINNVN .NOX -91160 ESTINATED P787• -1100 . - PROPOSED FYRI- -ACTUAL PY86. EXPEN ATIONS OITURES ODLIG AUTMD . 91100 SNOTIV -NDEX ATIONS DITURES OITURES 91190 -NBOX SIIN.IO SNOI IV COUNTRY TOTAL TOTA: 73.130 559 55 lol.29 9.253 36.506 39,214 12. 100 996° GRANTS 78,138 67.71 $5.655 9.253 36,506 1266 42.100 996 SN701 O. CO. --- 99 PA I '16 PAJS'ic SUMMARY CI 0 SCHNORA CO DAI ) - SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) --- $95 --- 1.733 --- 25,889 S 75 C 4930249 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT --- --- ... ... 261 13,538 9.593 3 76 C --- 37 --- 3.145 3.OSB 79 35 3 ASEAN RESIONAL DEVELOPMENT 3.165 3.145 1.236 474 2.900 1992 ... --- --- --- --- --- ... ... 2,850 5.430 --- 35 3 80 --- ... --- 703 1.905 S43 35 --- 1.935 3.000 --- --- 500 817 SOO 79 35 500 2.500 --- --- 2 33 --- 333 --- 20 35 3.000 3.000 --- --- --- ... 550 . 3,818 3,265 76 95 3,818 4,350 --- --- --- --- 6 350 152 33 95 30C 3.500 --- --- 56 626 --- 36 766 C --- ... 323 2.990 --- OOO 2.700 i 35 95 2.700 3.750 GUREAU FOX ASIA AND NEAR EAST A5 A REGIONAL -DROPOS SY56 OBLI; EXPEN AT!ONS DITURIS -ESTATIO FY37- 32L!G- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY26- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITUROS -THROUGM FY95• 03LIG. EXDEN- ITIONS DITURES LOP PLANNIO AUT HD PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1 INITIAL FINAL ☺ OBLIG OLIS AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 23.594 42-0251 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY RGANIZATIONS 95-0255.01 493-0256.02 ASEAN PLANT QUARANTINE 493-0258.03 0 ASEAN WATERSMED MANAGEMENT 493-0258.35 3 ASEAN AIT SCHOLARSHID AND RESEARCH 2.387 3.000 : *99-0258.11 ASEAN AGRICULTURE DEV PLANNING CENTER 47?-0265 3 EXTENSION OF SMALL SCALE AS UIPMENT 491-2275 ; NONFARN INTERPRISE PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 695-0282 G 35 INDIA TESANICAL COLLABORATION 473-0296 ASSAN LIVING COASTAL @:SOURCES MGT lotted to 366 con FY-Al jou in the mich in die boton Debe 31, 1903 donde Doc 31,103 Pomoc potion and on the authorized done. 818 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L PY OF PY OF I INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGM PYSS OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES --- 200 S. 504 6.079 --- --- --- DO. 3 75 C 1.211 808 : 1 352 --- --- 51 --- --- 110 --- --- --- 63 ... --- 808 399 114 --- 808 OOO 399 114 LOANS --- --- 821 ... --- 76 95 1.208 1.032 --- --- --- 156 1.208 1,208 --- 79 93 2.000 1.397 403 ... 800 700 367 ASIA REGIONAL TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 18,168 28.745 55,361 43,778 5.504 6,079 GRANTS 13.158 28.745 55,361 43.778 LOANS OO. POPULATION PLANNING 495-0249 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 493-0282 385 C INDIA TECHNICAL COLLABORATION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.321 GRANTS 1.321 MEALTM 3.203 75 C 6,616 499-0249 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 493-0251 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 499-0258.07 ASEAN MEALTN SCHOLARSHIPS 1.500 A-0282 85 INDIA TE ANICAL COLLABORATION 11 nelore the planned pro Calen AO FORO SURMAS, CIN 819 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 30 BUREAU POR ASIA AND NEAR EAST DROPOSED FY88 OBLI;- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AS A RESIONAL ESTIMATED FY37- OBLIG- EX EN ATIONS DITURES 673 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -TNROUGN PYSS- OBLIG. EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO # LRY OF FY OR I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 1,702 ... 2.024 2.024 --- 20. 12.991 9,265 -0. --- ... LOANS . --- --- 29 --- EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURC!S ... 81 2.645 2,335 3 75 C --- 200 473-0249 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 170 --- 14 --- 6,262 6.050 US 76 6,246 6.296 3 --- 92 184 1.555 1.279 ... --- ... --- --- 79 85 1.555 1.535 301 3 ASEAN REDIONAL DEVELOPMENT 247 1,775 1.227 79 85 1.175 1.925 --- 150 95 --- 245 --- ... 245 --- --- 3 79 35 245 3,435 24.400 20.914 35 C --- 751 --- 32,005 36,852 751 OOO 4,106 32,005 --- LOANS --- ... ... 125 --- 139 12.991 9,265 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1, 208 1.298 1,702 GRANTS 1. 209 1.208 493-0231 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 493-0258.01 493-0258.04 G ASEAN AIT SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCN 499-0258.19 ASEAN ISLAS FELLOWSHIPS 499-0263 ASIAN AMERICAN PRES LABOR INSTITUTE 6,105 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 9.821 10.017 36,862 GRANTS 9.821 10.019 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 6.995 5.332 1 75 C 493-0269 "ROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT moon the planned 368 redator Fotono-Al prin com with a teletion to tone D31, 1000 Perd with an initiation December 31, 13 th FY al final dono do planed.. 820 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR EAST ASIA REGIONAL CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OP FY OP I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FYS- 09LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURES 85 5.883 5. 164 205 5.889 5,895 509 200 85 5.060 4.191 --- 732 137 5.060 5.600 --- 79 35 1,340 172 1.340 1,340 1.369 --- --- ... 99 --- --- --- --- --- 32 1.000 643 222 135 1.000 1.000 35 3,200 682 --- 3,200 3,200 1.234 OOO 1.236 --- --- 35 1.975 --- .. 900 1.975 1.975 ... 1.075 --- --- --- 3.606 --- 3,366 200 00 DOO 3,364 OOO LOANS O. OOO --- --- 00 15,637 12.010 LOANS --- --- 473-0251 G 76 PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 43-0253 3 79 PEGIONAL RENOTE SENSING CENTER 493-0255.01 2 ASEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 473-9272 3 ASIAN-ENERGY COOPERATION IN DEVELOPMENT 693-0277 ASEAN SMALL MEDIUM BUSIN! SS I PROVEMENT 499-0285 3 35 ASEAN ENERGY CONSERVATION AND TOT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 24,553 17.335 13.454 17.010 SRANTS 26.553 17,585 ... 3,604 13,464 19.010 CONTRY TOTAL TOTAL 131,098 103.641 15,637 12.010 47.661 58.982 GRINTS 131.038 103.441 67,661 53.982 369 hote the planned and comery Credente och- Abend tion de motore Do 01.10 n. Y todo. 821 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) CP 55 NEAR EAST REGIONAL PROPOSE FYe3- OL!: EXPON- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY37- OBLIO- EX EN ATIONS OITURES - ACTUAL FY96. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGY FY8S- OBLIO- EXDEN- ATIONS DITURES . . FY OF FINAL OBLIG FY OF INITIAL OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO G --- --- --- 153 AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 269 --- 7,461 7,039 C --- --- 67 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT --- 100 --- 25 125 85 125 125 3 REGIONAL PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES --- 253 --- 294 7.586 7,039 ACCOUNT TOTAL 125 125 253 294 1,586 7.039 GRANTS 125 125 --- LOANS --- --- 183 --- 2.119 --- --- 153 2.119 183 2.119 GRANTS 6.219 6,219 --- --- LOANS --- --- --- 16 --- 209 789 564 C --- --- 6 67 ROJECT DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT --- 51 -- 199 396 146 35 396 376 PROGRAM: PROJECT NUMBER AND TITLE 293-0035 291-0050 POPULATION PLANNINS 1917 6,219 294-0048 G 33 55 REGIONAL POPULATION ACTIVITIES 4.219 4,219 1.219 1917 ACCOUNT TOTAL 4,219 4,219 6,219 1.917 !ALIN 293-0035 23-0178 REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES 370 'Rote the damery hot dation Y al oblition - in toom with an nitellution de before Dec 31, 1000 or bound on the worland 6.0 Pedran Imitation date the Dober 31, 13th FY al final notion dm. planned data 823 SURSARY OF ACTIV! AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) NEAR EAST REGIONAL CP 33 1 FY OP INITIAL 03LI: LOP ..ANNED AUT40 TMBOUGH PYSS- O!LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS IXTURES -9116C FINAL 03LIG •ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -91760 ESTIMATED FY37- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES .!1780 -PROPOSED FY89. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 ACCOUNT TOTAL 1.135 710 --- 433 --- 67 376 395 --- --- GRANTS 1,185 710 403 67 396 396 LOANS --- --- --- 4 DUCATION AND MUMAN RESOURCES 45001 909.57 658 --- --- --- G 51 25 SERICAN UNIVERSITY OF TRUT --- 65,351 55.430 --- --- . C 3 1.270 1.166 104 --- --- --- --- 67 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 25 793 790 503 ... 237 --- --- ... --- 3 33 SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL INFO TRANSFER Се 2 822 56 150 153 CSL OS --- SO --- 50 ០ --- --- LEDAL SOUCATION AND TRAINING 95 1974 --- --- 1.243 1,076 3.500 --- 731 --- --- 4ASS MECiA BASIC EDUCATION ACCOUNT TOTAL 48.975 50.245 47,325 --- 2.142 --- 731 --- --- 0.869 GRANTS $3,245 47,325 --- 2.142 --- 731 67.560 --- --- LOANS --- --- --- -0. 5!.!CTED 22VILOPMEST ACTIVITIES 1.550 1.252 --- 293 --- s --- --- 3 57 PROJECT DEVELOPM!NT AVO SUPPORT 85 837 497 ... 259 52 --- 827 637 --- G FUSIONAL PRIVAT! ENTERPRISE ACTIVIT: 95 239 --- --- 137 ... 295 239 --- 131 1J4N SIIMT3 ::U:1:A 371 Curl of lonci Yonco-A preconceithion des bolon December 31, 11thorized one Fondata DIY ored on . - ROSU OOLIG- *IONS JITURES PLANNED AUTO Jalis 2.625 . 125 2 ACCOUNT TOTAL SS 1.749 2.525 --- --- --- --- GRANTS 1.125 1.125 LOANS MIDDLE EAST SPECIAL REQUIRERINTS SUND 293-01 59 1.IS TEST BANK/GAZA DEVELOPENT 1.se ACTIVITIES --- --- 1.538 1.559 --- SS --- --- --- 1.538 1.359 ACCOUNT TOTAL 1.353 3 SO 1.636 1.850 GRANTS .853 --- --- LJANS 123 251 303 --- --- --- 692 100 692 --- --- --- 269 OC! 120 --- --- --- --- 100 76 CCZ 83 95 ?EGIONAL POPULATION ACTIVITIES 292-03 34 93 85 LEGAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING 293-0190 . 200 2.046 3.699 1.755 :: --- --- --- --- PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ANS 2.445 --- --- 4,639 450 6 ZS 10.375 :: 79 C REGIONAL COOPERATION 12.124 624 --- 200 с 3 G 79 EST BANGAZA 5EVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES --- --- --- --- --- 375 575 59 575 575 330 1.323 G 85 55LAND CHRISTIAN MISSION 29-0193 TASS MEDIA BASIC EDUCATION PROGRAM: PROJECT NU!2 AND TITL! 29-0015 SSCC-fez 27-03 500-6? SO10-52 27-035 OSOC-it ? 253-02:1 'heten to the planned pro OSAN orc. AND TITL. ECONONIC SUPPORT PUNO 293-008 SUPPORT 293-0155 293-0159 293-0171 56 1.323 1.323 5 372 htfon do before 91. bed on the horized date LE 823 SUMMARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 19 - PROPOSED HYB3- OOL! EXPEN- ATIONS ITUROS -951!4TES FY37- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITUS -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXDEN- ATIONS DITURIS -THROUGH FYS OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES LOD PLANNED AUTHO FY IF FINAL OBLIG --- --- --- 215 659 2.625 1,749 1.125 1.125 21 653 1.125 2.625 1,749 1.125 ... --- --- MIDDLE EAST SPECIAL REQUIREMONTS UND --- --- --- 1,953 1,538 95 1.859 1.354 --- --- --- 1.059 1.538 200 1.353 1,352 1.856 1.638 GRANTS 1.293 1.858 ODO --- --- 122 251 303 692 69? --- ... --- --- G 83 95 REGIONAL POPULATION ACTIVITI!5 -.- 692 100 100 100 --- 23 220 ... 0 93 35 LEGAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING 76 698 --- 2,046 3,499 . 73 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1,735 2.445 6,633 450 --- --- 79 C 625 G REGIONAL COOPERATION :: :: 10,375 12.124 624 C --- 6 79 1:5T SANGAZA OSVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES --- --- 200 575 375 --- s 85 15! LAND CMOSTIAN MISSION 85 575 575 --- --- 293 1.323 330 35 1.323 1.323 WEAR EAST RESIONAL PROGRAM: PROJECT NUMBER AND TITL! PY OF INITIAL OBLI: L 1 3 ACCOUNT TOTAL GRANTS LOANS 293-0159 JEST BANC/GAZA DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ACCOUNT TOTAL LOANS ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND 293-0048 293-3254 299-3150 293-0155 293-0159 293-0171 29-0193 TASS MEDIA BASIC EDUCATION 'Roter to the planned projna hot 372 Curd of effort activity FY final oblation column - All projects in the shihni in die beton December 31, 1800 un bund on the storiadore Por el proyectwith initial obligation doue Doctor 31, 10th FY al final abode ned data 824 SUNSARY DICTIVE ANS PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 2. --- 65,406 --- --- --- 3.632 65.406 20.763 .. --- --- 20. --- 00 . 20. NEAR LAST P!3:01AL . ܙܙ PROJST NUR 43 TITL! PY 3. INITIAL LOP PLANNCO AUTWD FINAL OBLIG -IMAOUS PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL Y36- OILIO- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES .:190 - ESTIMATED PYSY- ONLIG ATIONS OITUR! S -PROPOSED POS- OSLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ACCOUNT TOTAL 2.70 2.700 22.36 5,023 15.142 --- 2.864 GRANTS 2.73 2.70 22.934 5.02 CO. 13.142 2.964 LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 93,652 20.763 دار .5 59.430 30.353 LOANS 373 Chaton - Ado Decode 825 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD &N Health AROORAT ASIA AND NEAR EAST REGIONAL ride Regional Narcotics Education Funding Souro MOTOSED OBLIGATION fethed Ule of Project Funding 3.000 Estimated Fine Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Promet FY 1990 FY1991 FY 1988 1,000 Initid Odigation ED. & HR Population NEW 1,000 FY 1988 Numbe 398-0355 ORANTO LOAN CONTINUANO Purpose: The project will increase awareness of the problems of drug abuse in several Asian countries. Beneficiaries: The immediate beneficiaries will be those consuming narcotics in Asian countries, especially those in narcotics-growing areas. Indirectly, bost people in these countries would benefit. Also, a reduction in narcotics production, brought on by lessened demand, should reduce the amount of narcotics entering the United States. Project Description: The project will be designed by a project survey team, which will present a report in April 1987. The team, which will visit eight countries, will review: the nature and extent of the narcotics problem; extent of narcotics abuse; public perception of the problem; effectiveness of current public Information and education programs; and assess the need and recommend types of A.I.D. assistance. Major Outputs: Likely to be conferences, media programs, publications, and education programs. A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project ($000) Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: Narcotics reduction is a high priority in several Asian countries. The project will be designed to ensure that it meshes with individual country strategies. $3,000 Grant funds Host Country and Other Donors: Unknown at this time However, it is possible that the project will be coordinated with multilateral donors (e.8., UNFDAC, Colombo Plan, ADB). It is also possible that private voluntary organizations will be used. Principal Contractors or Agencies U. S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollare) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated WILL Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort 2.000 3.000 374 1.000 Proposed Fiscal You 1988 AJO 3707 (11-05) 978 Terminating Programs 375 W78 375 Italy 377 828 COUNTRY: (145) ITALY FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA "BASIC DATA • FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) 57,245 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984)TEXTILES . CHEMICALS FOOTWEAR PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 198 6.420 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 2.7% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 17.2% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1977) EXPORTS TO U.S. (8 MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983)5,582 (1984)7.947 (1988)9.697 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 9% (1983) 9% (1984) 11% MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984 )PETROL EUM .MACH. & TRANSP. E.FOODSTUFFS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S NILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983)4,784 (1984)5, 137 (1988)s. 396 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 9% (1983) 7% (1984) 7% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -7.999(83) -3,177(84)-6.084 6.2% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 76.4 (1970) TOTAL 71.7 MALE 72.9 MALE 68.& FEMALE 79.9 FEMALE 74.7 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1971) TOTAL 94% MALE 95% FEMALE 93% TRADING PARTNERS: GERMANY, FEDER FRANCE UNITED STATES EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP ( .) • AGRICULTURE X ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.)....... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) X {:} AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) 5X • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 329 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.6% (1970) 0.3% (1986) 0.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) (1986) 77% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE....... .(1970) 2 SUBSISTENCE : (1006) 1 .X ( .) CASH: .X ( .) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1970) 10.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( .) POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 10-14YRS) 10.6% (15-64YRS) 68.0% (68• YRS) 18.4% .) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 13% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1983) CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1979) CHICKENPOX .VIRAL HEPATITIS , MEASLES-ROUGEOLE (1982) 139, 176 (83) 151.925 (84) 147, 104 DEATH.. (1980) CEREBROVASCULAR ,PULMONARY CIRCUL , MYOCARDIAL INAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) 179, 162 (83) 199,008 (84) 200, 031 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1077) 1903 DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) - 39,986 (83) -47.084 (84) -52.927 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY .) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES (1982) 3.4% (83) 3.3% (64) 3.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP (1982) 1.8% (03) 1.9% (84) 1.9% PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 4.3 MALE 84.7 FEMALE $4.6 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 90.2 MALE 101 FEMALE 90.2 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY., (1980) TOTAL 22.1 MALE 24.. PENALE (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) 45.992 (04)42.433 (85) 39.073 EQUIVALENT TO 4.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1904) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION. ( 1004) 378 -- 829 or IMPORTS (1984 ENEROY PROO 378 SIMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSEN PRI IECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS ) -THROUGH FY85- ORLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L FY OF FY NF Inp | INITIAL FINAL DI ANNED OBLIO OBLIN AUTHD -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OALIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE 6.524 --- 55. 769 9,031 71.324 81 85 71,655 71,655 6.524 9.031 55. 769 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 71.324 71.655 71.655 9,031 6.524 71.324 55. 769 GRANTS 71,655 71.655 --- --- --- LOANS 6.524 --- --- --- 9.031 --- 9.749 71.324 TOTAL 71,655 71.455 9.031 6.524 55, 749 71,324 GRANTS 71.ASS 71.655 --- --- --- IOANS EQUIVALENT TO 4.6 MONTHS PRIVRAMI TTAI V PRO FCT NO. AND TITLE 145-0001 ITALIAN PROGRAM COUNTRY TOTAL 'Roter the planned programot 379 Curl of honey Yine bono-Al prefect the colonneith an ibliotion dete buton Demmber 31, 1900 e bowd on the worland done. Podotto con du Docum 31. 100th FY of final blotion in boom.ploed diets. 830 Poland 381 831 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (101) POLAND •FOREIGN TRADE . MINERALS & META MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) MACH. & EQUIP. FUELS BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 37.473 .) .) : ix (DOLLARS, 1984) 2, 100 .% ( PER CAPITA ONP.......... , MINERAL & METAL ( 1965-84) 1.5% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. FUEL EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) ( .) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS ( MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984 )NACH. & EQUIP. IMPORTS FRON U.S. (S WILLIONS, US, CIF) ( .) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS ( 3 .) TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 19.4% 69-533 0 - 87 - 27 NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( : ixí : * .) X is .% .(.) .(.) .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 70.2 MALE 66. 1 (1970) TOTAL 69.8 MALE 66.2 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1978) TOTAL 99% MALE 99% FENALE 74.4 FEMALE 73.6 TRADING PARTNERS: FEMALE 90% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF ONP ( {:} SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINOS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) * • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE X •SOCIAL DATA (1977) 16% 0.9% (1986) 0.7% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.8% (1970) POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1963) BOX ( 1986) .(1970) 52% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS { : MARRIED WOMEN ABEO 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 2 (1996) 2 SUBSISTENCE : .X ( .) CASH: ... • . ( 1977) 79.0x MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( .) POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 25.6% (15-64YRS) 64.9% (65• YRS) 9.5% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( .) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986). 21 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( 1970) 30% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1981) 553 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND QRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1982) MUMPS-ORE ILLONS ,VIRAL HEPATITIS , MENINGITIS .(.) DEATH.. (1982) ATHEROSCLEROSIS , PULMONARY CIRCUL, NYOCARDIAL INFAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) .) .) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) 133% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (.) C.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1970) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. .) . % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF OND X PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 127 MALE 128 FEMALE 126 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 49.6 MALE 53.2 FEMALE 55.9 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100, .POST SECONDARY.. (1981) TOTAL 14.7 MALE 12.8 FEMALE 16.7 (SMILLIONS, U. 9.) ( .) .(.) EQUIVALENT TO MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 104% 382 {} :: :: 833 832 POLAND POLAND PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 (Actuel) (Estimated) FY 1987 Category FY 1988 (Request) The Cont tauing Resolution provides up to $10 million in funding for bongovernmental programs in Poland. If agreement 18 reached with the Polish Authorities, A.I.D. will identify sufficient funding, up to $10 million, for agreed upon activities. Development Assistance Loan Grant 4,000 AID/W Office Director: Gerald Kamens Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 4,000 TOTALS 4,000 2,322 2,282 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 2,322 2,282 TOTALS 6,322 2,282 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Astuu Estimated) (Request) U.S. National Foreign National TOTALS N/A N/A NA «Total full time equivalent workyear of employment Include HIG, escau property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 houra A PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Astu) (Estimated) (Request) AU TC Total A T Total T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS N/A N/A N/A e In-training refers to the sum of participant now starte Technical: non-degree reking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipanta funded under bilateral programe prior FY. Academic: degree soeking Participants funded under regional programs ligos CLAS, AND AID 3702 003) 384 383 833 POLAND The Continuing Resolution provides up to $10 million in funding for nongovernmental programs in Poland. If agreement is reached with the Polish Authorities, A.I.D. will identify sufficient funding, up to $10 million, for agreed upon activities. AID/W Office Director: Gerald Kamens 384 835 BUREAU FOR ASIA AND NEAR PAST 181 POLAND -ESTINAT!) FY97- PROJECT NO. AND TITL! -1960 OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL COLI: OBLOG LOP PLANN!) AUT -THROUGH FY 35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY- OLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUR! S -Niax: -5:16C SAC:11 - PROPOSED FYL- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS OITURES 9 ECONONIC SUPPORT FUN --- --- 2.003 --- 4.000 --- G a 9 93 00:-, các; --- --- OOO מכב,2 COC2 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- 00C COC, 4,3 --- 2.032 --- --- --- --- --- 6.000 2.002 --- 2.000 4.300 2,033 ככי,2 834 .. --- 385 ondatoriadoro AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SUONARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOS! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 2.000 131-03 DICAL SUPPLIES PCLAND COCO c.). GRANTS 6.000 6.000 LOINS COUNTRY TOTAL COCO TOTAL מככ,4 5.000 SRINTS COC, LOANS 'heter to the med proba Cul olafort activity Youtien coto-Mechanic to Do tohtoon D31.100th Yol lol london UNITED STATES OF AMER 835 AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Congressional Presentation Fiscal Year 1988 ANNEX III Latin America and the Caribbean 836 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Responsible Officer I Devight the DWIGHT A. NK Assistant Administrator Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean 1 837 Honduras Haiti Dominican Republic Belize Jamaica Eastern Caribbean Guatemala El Salvador Costa Rica Panama Ecuador Latin America and the Caribbean Peru- Bolivia DA: $401.45 million ESF: $700.00 million FY 1988 Development Assistance FY 1988 Economic Support Fund *Receives assistance only through the Caribbean Regional Program. 11 836 Anner III present (concele Supor (LAC) for which is The Presentation beses, breakout by country and are for the Latin America mz:- Programs are grouped by : South America), and sottote": a table of economic and sk. 2 21 assistance The Overview of Latin America's regional summary of the Agency cobean this is followed by and South America which contare sepse and country narratives descrizione FY 1988 there is a separate sector Caribbean Regional program w Summary sheets which present ' ** : by 1988. Note that the regionare: gifferent from the centra pode: 33* 2 Amer III concludes vitae: * TY5; AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Te 839 MERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 ry and Appropriation.. Regional Summary) 7 15 and the Caribbean. 29 29 America. Assistant ain' Arreri DWIGHT surou for 四​四 ​H尔​乃​四​wa 41 57 75 107 133 161 179 Regional 201 201 e Caribbean. ublic. 207 231 251 273 gional. 295 CA. 295 f South America. 301 323 345 367 ierica and Caribbean Regional. 381 3 Programs. 383 387 389 ame ay tv { 838 > Annex III Annex IIl presents to the Congress all Development Assistance (DA) and Economic Support Fund (ESF) programs for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) for which A.I.D. is requesting funds for FY 1988. The Presentation begins with a region-wide summary table which provides a breakout by country and appropriation account of the funding requirements for the Latin American and Caribbean countries from FY 1985 to FY 1988. Programs are grouped by subregion (Central America, the Caribbean, and South America), and subtotals are shown for each subregion. There is also a table of economic and social data for countries that receive A.I.D. assistance. The Overview of Latin America and Caribbean which follows provides a regional summary of the Agency's programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. This is followed by sections on Central America, the Caribbean, and South America which contain overviews and tables for each subregion, and country narratives describing the total A.I.D. program, including FY 1988. There is a separate section which describes the Latin America and Caribbean Regional program. Each narrative is followed by planned project summary sheets which present in detail the proposed new projects for FY 1988. Note that the regional projects presented in this annex are different from the centrally-funded programs deseribed in Annex V. Annex III concludes with tables on terminating programs. 111 - 839 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Summary of Program by Country and Appropriation.... Economic and Social Data (Regional Summary). 7 Overview of Latin America and the Caribbean. 15 CENTRAL AMERICA. 29 Overview of Central America. 29 Belize.. Costa Rica. El Salvador Guatemala. Honduras Panama. Central American Regional 41 57 75 107 133 161 179 THE CARIBBEAN 201 Overview of the Caribbean. 201 Dominican Republic.. Haiti. Jamaica. Caribbean Regional 207 231 251 273 SOUTH AMERICA. 295 Overview of South America. 295 Bolivia. Ecuador Peru.. 301 323 345 Latin America and Caribbean Regional. 367 Terminating Programs. 381 Guyana. Suriname Uruguay. 383 387 389 iv 840 ACRONYMS AIFLD ARDN American Institute for Free Labor Development Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition Latin American Export Bank BLADEX CABEI CACM CACME CADO CAI CAPS CARDI CARE CARICOM CATIE CBI CCC CDB CET CLASP CRS CURLA Central American Bank for Economic Integration Central American Common Market Central American Common Market Fund Central American Development Organization Central American Initiative - Central American Peace Scholarships program Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere - Caribbean Community and Common Market Center for Research and Training in Tropical Agriculture - Caribbean Basin Initiative - Commodity Credit Corporation · Caribbean Development Bank Common External Tariff - Caribbean and Latin American Scholarship Program Catholic Relief Services Honduran University Agricultural School DA - Development Assistance EEC EHR ESF - European Economic Community - Education and Human Resources - Economic Support Fund GOP GNP GOB GOCR GOOR GOE GOES GOG Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Government of Belize Government of Bolivia Government of Costa Rica . Government of Dominican Republic Government of Ecuador - Government of El Salvador Government of Grenada Government of Guatemala Government of Haiti Government of Honduras GOH GOJ Government of Jamaica V 841 GOP Government of Panama Government of Peru GOU Government of Uruguay HG - - Housing Guaranty I BRD ICAITI IDB IICA ILANUD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Central American Industrial Research Institute - Inter-American Development Bank Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture Latin American Institute on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders International Monetary Fund Central American Business School - Nutrition Institute for Central American and Panama IMF INCAE INCAP LAAD LAC LDC MOA MOH - Latin American Agribusiness Development Corporation Latin America and the Caribbean Less Developed Country - Ministry of Agriculture - Ministry of Health National Bipartisan Commission on Central America Nongovernmental Organization NBCCA NGO OPG ORT PADF PVO RENARE RTC Operational Program Grant Oral Rehydration Therapy Pan American Development Foundation Private and Voluntary Organization Panama Directorate of Renewable Resources - Regional Training Center · Selected Development Activities - Trade Credit Insurance Program SDA TCIP UNFPA USIA - United Nations Fund for Population Activities - United States Information Agency - WID Women in Development vi 842 Summary of Programs by Country and Appropriation 1 843 SUMMARY OF LAC PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) Cool! AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING SELECTE DEVELO ACTIVITIES COUNTRY ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND CHILD SURVIVAL TOTAL EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MEAL TM OTHER PROGRANS COOOOOOO CENTRAL ANERICA 655 1.971 550 360 1.750 1.400 2.200 16.000 1.14 2.256 2.000 21 19 BELIZE 1985 1986 1987 1988 5 59 21.650 8.766 0.550 9.300 3.040 2.150 1.363 3,200 1.900 2.250 1.373 1.000 2.300 725 300 53 COSTA RICA 1985 1936 1907 1986 180.567 131,531 143.490 102.900 2.950 2,850 6.577 5.575 1.125 25 230 175 SO 100 610 50 3.796 569 1.932 1.100 12.605 7.394 3..75 6.030 160,000 123,542 127.715 9.000 ככ295,0 EL SALVADOR 1985 1996 1987 1986 372.755 260.925 453,646 275,620 31.998 29,479 33,371 27,401 6.225 6,673 1.286 1.100 16,875 19,250 12.166 16,400 3.932 5.000 9.125 16.455 13.452 10,844 25.532 12.032 11.250 12.875 177.045 236, 747 200.000 151.4.2 GUATEMALA 1985 1986 1987 1988 73.533 36.746 132,086 113.300 22.400 19,165 10.739 12.650 2.623 2.367 3.733 6,40 999 S008 652 2.000 1.600 6,150 2.000 13,506 6.704 1.527 6.00 9.50) 1,467 6.500 0.25) 12.50) 47.95 3,797 0.3" 7.50 HONDURAS 1985 1986 1987 199,333 105.556 177,260 143,362 16.559 26,673 21,081 13.712 2.771 5,236 2.907 4.000 11.150 5.847 1.463 2.250 9.652 529 6,453 7.150 1.45 2.000 2.290 2.213 7.50 5.253 147.572 51.268 196.439 100.000 1988 PANAMA 1985 1986 1937 1988 68,822 26.540 1,334 29.343 13.065 7,955 . 477 3.060 53,02? 5.742 290 105 319 293 2.35 946 6,625 5,693 6,072 ,832 4,475 6,243 438 367 10.000 ROCAP 1905 1996 1987 1988 105,809 25.03 33,021 29.361 12.053 15,215 12.951 14,700 13,350 2.425 1.210 100 134 2.403 2925 3.911 9,377 3.77 7.600 5.65) 7,395 1.20) 5.263 25 50 כנכ,3 2 558 AGRICULTURE. EDUCATION ܕܕܕܐܦ ܬܢܕܕܗ ܬܘ ܐv ܕ NT 3 4 ܕܕ.: ::: CMILO SURVIVAL ܪܬܙܢܕ ܕ ܪ SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ܕ ܕ ܕ ܕ 0 ܕ 6 ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND TOTAL LANNING WEALTH OTHER PP OGRANS NOVE RSSOURCES DEVELOPMENT TION SUTATAL CENTRAL APICA ܘܠܐܙܐ ܕܕܕܙܕ܀ 3,019 7.175 6.531 40.000 ܘܘܐܙܐ ܕܕܘ,ܪܐ 500 2.250 6.250 35.000 ܐܐܐܐܐ 166 0ܐ0ܨܐ 10 81.000 58.000 ܘܕ 3.565 10.950 4.57 3.691 3.800 3.800 ܕܕܘ,ܪܐ 250 ܕܘܕܙܕ 45.000 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL 1795 66.507 ܪ ܙ.ܐ ܕܪܙܙܐ 4.90 1,703 136 ܘܘܐܙܐ ܝܐܐ,ܪܪ ܕܕܙܙܐܪ 3,450 1.400 1,200 9,000 1.045 1.996 ,000 6.257 20.00 25.575 19,20 25.000 ܐ܀ 13 ܕܕܙ܂ 6.693 6.012 45.000 1 99 ܕܕܫܕ 1.100 ܕܐܕ ܕܐܙܙܕ ܝܙܐ ܪ1:;: 3 ܬ ܐ ܘ: ܐ : ܪ ܬ ܕ ܙ ܙ : C ܪ ܝ -1 :": ,ܙܕ ܪܙܙ,ܪ ܐ 1.4 1.333 ܕܪܪܙܐܐ 6 sܐ،ܪܙ ܕܕ,ܙ ܕܐܕ,ܙ ܕܘ ܕ ܐܙܙܙܐ ܕܙܕܐ 39ܕܐ2 ܙܪܐܙܐܐ 2.500 693 450 2.751 1.038 7.913 1:35 31,914 11,232 8.254 ܕܕܐ,ܙ 1.910 ܕ2 9,ܙ ܕܕܘ,19 ! : ܕ 1 ܪ ' $ 1 ܐ: ܕ 1 ܕ ܕ ܟ1 ܐ ܕܕܙܪ ܐ 1,3 ܕܪܐ,212 ܕܕܕܐܐܕܐ 133:ܐ:ܐ 6 3ܕ|ܕ ܟ܂ ܕܐܐ,sܕ1 51.274 13.06 15.393 ܐ2,18 ܐܕܕ, 19 56.468 66.030 50.087 4,100 71,696 43.993 43.338 766,993 457.812 7.521 15 151.442 ܘܘܘ،ܪܙ "1.095 ܕܘܐ,11 26.077 9.750 ܐܐܐܙܐܐ 8 6ܪܐ ܕܕ419,9 ܘܘܘ، ܐܘܕ CARIBBEAN 20 INICAN REPUSLIC 195 125.073 1980 1297 35.00) ܘܙܘܙܐܙ ܕ ܕܕܘ ܙܙܕܚܕܪ ܕܕܕܐܐܐ 263 2,447 1.448 1.249 ܕܕܙܙܙ 3.095 8.000 ܕܕ ܪܪܕܕ 1.550 1.450 11.128 11.129 1995 13 33 1997 133 11.98 ܕܙܙܙܕ 1.487 ܕܗܘ:ܙ ܙܐܐܕܐ ܕ9ܘ܀ 6܀ ܙܐ 195 1996 137 1988 3.002 3,456 ܘܘܘܠܐ ܘܘܐܙܐ 4,162 ܘܘܠܐܙܐ ܕܘܪܙ ܘܕܐܙܐ ܘܕܙܐ ܕܐܐ، ܘܙ ܘܘܠܐ,19 56.165 ܙܙܕ,9 ܕܘܐ,J 3.000 6.359 ܕ ܘܘܙܐܪ 21,321 29.165 30.00 ܘܘܘ،܀ ܘܕܐ-1 16,000 ܘܘܐ:ܐ 5.393 ܕܕܕܐ 15.555 JAVAC 1985 15 1997 ܕ ܕܙܙܐ 114.560 33.550 39.50 53,620 ܕܐܐ.ܐ 1.030 1,503 244 2.100 250 250 6.33) 9.000 ܕܘܘܙܙ ܙܙܕ.ܐ 21.955 SUBTOTAL CARIBBEAN 1785 1986 1937 195.265 ܢܗܘܐ ܐܕ 999ܫܕܐ ܐ 52.499 35.943 37.920 B3 216 8.633 7.591 ܕܐܐܝܪܐ 10.312 3.990 11.895 6.425 ܘܘܘܙܐ ܘܘܐܙܐ ܘܘܘ، ܘܕܙܙܕ 20,685 15.172 17.13 17.362 212.128 144.596 3.365 19,47 ܕܕܘܝܕܙܙ ܕܕ9 ܚܘܐܐ ܘܪܙܙܐ ܙܙܕ. ܀ ܕ 3 845 נכי,1 714 2.343 OC 1,300 7.500 145 500 1.09 4.300 1.72 389) 3.219 7.370 4, 520 1.070 1.500 7.177 15.00 33.000 133 9,754 5,334 1.041 40 6.060 4.753 2.919 3.0 1.000 2.100 5.144 2.77 3,200 20,215 12.500 17.000 68 43 PARAGUAY 1935 130 19:7 133 !!! 2.57) 3,239 1.300 883 13.971 193 2.554 2.323 1,150 1.153 1,959 2.373 1.700 1.750 7.00) 3.500 גנס,5 10.93 338 C) UNTRY AGRICULTURE 2 JOIL DEVELOPMENT AN VUTRITION TOTAL POPULATION PLANNIN: SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI CHILO SURVIVAL EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MEALTH ECONOMIC SUP DORT FUND OTMER PROGRAMS SO JIM AMERICA BOLIVA 1935 1 32 5.3.) 13.714 12.151 3.000 19.04 32.24 15.12 52.000 1957 ICJADOR 1935 1980 1937 1936 !2,465 47,321 23,841 3,61 13,62 7.400 7.117 1.036 987 1,206 1.533 כנג,34 P:30 135 190 1757 1968 33.15 2,792 17,500 24,220 13.002 ,125 6,352 5,133 6,103 1..10 2.000 1,3CO انار یا ملا 1535 1790 1937 135 16,355 12.152 14.355 12.152 SU TOTAL SOUTH AMERICA 1995 3,753 17 113,743 1967 75.573 1758 11,83 25.50 31.72 24,401 19.250 5,146 2.31 1,265 3.51! 13.036 13.071 2.941 2.583 7,014 11.770 5.138 0,250 500 7.500 9.884 3,272 11.97 7.695 12.320 21,471 45,743 46,052 57.00 33,516 LACRESIONAL 15 136 19:7 1936 ܕ ܙܪܙܐܪ 3.200 5.122 1.5.2 2.300 1,425 2.491 1,437 2.15 1.469 2.504 6.005 1,700 43.49 31.750 14.55 23.113 12,477 500 2.500 4.00 9.013 9.82 S. 552 5.196 2.74 1,490 9.943 15.356 6.00 כ35,כו כסנ,3 GRAND TOTAL 135 15 137 1.521,452 1,126,321 / 1,321,71 1 1.131.450 151,314 175,906 1.1.399 132.591 27,192 30,241 22.23 24,732 76.093 66.632 33.143 36.975 7.500 24.00 27.034 107,822 3.0 94.900 77.194 139,41 7,977 71,071 36.914 925,325 657,499 763,973 38 700.000 20.075 3.318 2/ 151.442 2 846 1/ The FY 1987 total includes $310,000,000 for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. The FY 1987 total excludes $8,816,000 in local cost support under the Development Assistance accounts. 2/ International Disaster Assistance. 3/ The FY 1987 total for ESF includes $5,080,000 in local cost support. 4/ The FY 1986 total includes reobligations of $19,066,800 deobligated in FY 1985 and $25,797,500 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $44,864,300 in FY 1986. 5 847 Economic and Social Data (Regional Summary) 7 848 REGION: LATIN AMERICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED SOCIAL INOICATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) PEOPLE PER DOCTOR % POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE VATER INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION --POPULATION DENSITY-- (PERSONS PER SOUARE KN) LITERACY RATE POP / AGRICUL- TURAL LAND POP/TOTAL LAND BARBADOS BELIZE BOLIVIA . COSTA RICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR EL SALVADOR GRENADA 314 (86) 3.2% (86) 246 (76) 0.2% (76) 165 (86) 1.6% (86) 138 (76) 1.8% (76) 6, 173 (86) 2.2% (86) 4,930 (76) 2.5% (76) 2,735 (86) 2.9% (86) 2.051 (76) 2.9% (76) 6, 789 (86) 2.5% (86) 5,218 (76) 2.9% (76) 9,680 (86) 2.9% (86) 7,243 (76) 2.9% (76) 5, 137 (86) 2.3% (86) 4.242 (76) 2.8% (76) 85 (86) -0.6% (86) 96 (76) -0.3% (76) 8.414 (86) 2.5% (86) 6,271 (76) 2.8% (76) 6,078 (86) 1.8% (86) 5. 120 (76) 1.7% (76) 4.666 (86) 3.4% (86) 3,282 (76) 3.4% (76) 2,427 (86) 1.2% (86) 2, 133 (76) 1.3% (76) 2,227 (86) 2.1% (86) 1.790 (76) 2.4% (76) 4, 120 (86) 3.2% (86) 2.933 (76) 3.2% (76) 20.218 (86) 2.6% (A6) 15,573 ( 76 ) 2.7% (76) 382 (86) 1.6% (86) 353 (76) -2.9% (76) 2,953 (86) 0.4% (86) 2,851 (76) 0.3% (76) QUATEMALA 74 (86) 1.236 (79) 100% (75) 19 (86) 99% (70) 52% (80) 1,484 (76) 68 (86) 3,667 (86) 68% (84) 38 (86) 91% (70) 45% (70) 65 (76) 3,268 (76) 48 (76) 53 (86) 1,952 (80) 37% (80) 129 (86) 63% (76) 51% (80) 49 (76) 3,474 (76) 38% (76) 148 (76) 63% (76) 51% (76) 75 (86) 1.438 (79) 84% (80) 17 (86) 88% (73) 52% (80) 70 (76) 1.554 (76) 77% (76) 38 (76) 61 (86) 1.386 (83) 59% (80) 72 (86) 72% (81) 45% (79) 57 (76) 4,211 (76) 93 (76) 64 (86) 927 (80) 52% (82) 68 (86) 86% (82) 47% (80) 61 (76) 46% (76) 86 (76) 58 (86) 3.217 (80) 51% (80) 91 (86) 62% (75) 48% (79) 57 (76) 3.822 (76) 95 (76) 72 (86) 4,341 (78) 83% (75) 49 (86) 98% (70) 41% (70) 69 (76) 28 (76) 60 (66) 1.833 (82) 52% (81) 68 (86) 46% (73) 54% (80) 55 (76) 40% (76) 83 (76) 55 (66) 8,202 (79) 12% (80) 97 (86) 21% (71) 58% (80) 51 (76) 11. 163 (76) 14% (76) 117 (76) 63 (86) 3, 123 (79) 44% (80) 72 (86) 57% (74) 49% (80) 56 (76) 46% (76) 98 (76) 75 (86) 2,832 (79) 92% (80) 19 (86) 73% (81) 42% (80) 70 (76) 31 (76) 48% (76) 72 (86) 1.013 (61) 82% (80) 25 (86) 87% (80) 45% (80) 69 (76) 1, 236 (76) 79% (76) 47 (76) 69 (86) 1. 309 (82) 21% (80) 51 (86) 80% (72) 55% (80) 67 (76) 2,133 (76) 58 (76) 61 (86) 1.312 (83) 51% (80) 91 (86) 73% (72) 45% (81) 56 (76) 108 (76) 67 (86) 1.716 (78) 89% (80) 43 (86) 65% (70) 46% (80) 64 (76) 1.827 (76) 44 (76) 71 (86) 514 (82) 80% (80) 37 (86) 94% (75) 57% (75) 69 (76) 46 (76) 633 (84) 573 ( 76 ) 7 (84) 6 (76) 6 (84) 5 (76) 50 (84) 40 (76) 126 (84) 104 (76) 32 (84) 24 (76) 257 (84) 203 (76) 313 (84) 314 (76) 72 (84) 59 (76) 193 (84) 168 (76) 38 (84) 29 (76) 200 (64) 189 (76) 28 (81) 22 (76) HAITI 680 (83) 666 (76) 158 (83) 158 (76) 20 (83) 17 (76) 88 (83) 91 (76) 168 (83) 188 (76) 125 (83) 124 (76) 392 (83) 333 (76) 615 (83) 628 (76) 239 (83) 245 (76) 376 (63) 333 (76) 79 (83) 63 (76) 484 (B3) 432 (76) 120 (83) 97 (76) 18 (83) 16 (76) 58 (83) 50 (76) 462 (83) 581 (76) 19 (80) 18 (76) HONDURAS JAMAICA PANAMA PARAGUAY PERU 7 (76) SURINAME URUGUAY 12 (76) 2 (84) 2 (76) 17 (84) 16 (76) CP SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 82.562 64, 490 • 2.4% ! 2.5% 62. 58 . 2. 124 4,646 . 51% 42%. 76 92 68% 63% . 49% . 50% + 241 238 117 . 104 . • • SUM. • ARITHMETIC MEAN. .. VEIGHTED ME AN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 8 AMERIC nere 849 REGION: LATIN AMERICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED SOCIAL INDICATORS REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) POPULATION HEALTH EDUCATION TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANDS) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE LIFE EXPECT- ANCY (YEARS) % POP WITH ACCESS TO SAFE WATER PEOPLE PER DOCTOR INFANT DEATHS PER 1000 BIRTHS MALE LABOR FORCE PARTICI- PATION --POPULATION DENSITY -- (PERSONS PER SQUARE KN) LITERACY RATE POP/AGRICUL- TURAL LANO POP/TOTAL LAND ARGENTINA 30,751 (86) 1.3% (86) 70 (86) 535 (75) 57% (80) 34 (86) 92% (71) 55% (80) BRAZIL CHILE 143,537 (86) 2.5% (86) 111.393 (76) 2.4% (76) 12, 258 (86) 1.6% (86) 66 (86) 61 (76) 71 (86) 1, 195 (80) 1.500 (76) 951 (80) 2, 184 (76) 1.921 (77) 63 (86) 76% (78) 82 (76) 76% (76) 20 (86) B9% (70) 53% (80) 54% (76) 46% (70) COLOMBIA 71% (80) 77% (76) 84% (80) 83% (76) 92% (80) 63% (76) 72% (80) GUYANA 30,032 (86) 2. 1% (86) 24,625 (76) 2. 1% (76) 766 (86) 0.1% (86) 764 (76) -0.6% (76) 80, 171 (86) 2. 1% (86) 46% (73) 65 (86) 61 (76) 66 (86) 61 (16) 70 (86) 9,271 (79) 58 (86) 85% (81) 72 (76) 45 (86) 92% (70) 60 (76) 43 (86) 83% (80) 41% (70) 17 (83) 15 (76) 54 (83) 50 (76) 67 (83) 61 ( 76 ) 77 (83) 68 (76) 45 (83) 53 ( 76 ) 76 (83) 63 (76) 48 (B3) 39 (76) 78 (83) 66 (76) 11 (84) 10 (76) 16 (84) 13 (76) 16 (84) 14 (76) 25 (84) 21 (76) 4 (84) 4 (76) 39 (84) 31 (76) 24 (84) 18 (76) 18 (84) 15 (76) MEXICO 1. 137 (83) 58% (81) 42% (79) NICARAGUA 3,237 (86) 2.471 (76) 17,810 (86) 2,286 (80) 2.3% (86) 3. 1% (76) 2.7% (86) 61 (86) 55 (76) 69 (86) 51% (80) VENEZUELA 53% (80) 71 (86) 13% (79) 70% (76) 102 (76) 81% (80) 40 (86) 77% (71) 925 (80) 956 ( 76 ) 46% (79) NCP SUMMARY (NRY) (1976) 318,562. 139, 253 2.2%. 2.4%. 68 / 61 . 1. 191.. 1.500 . 69%. 74% ! 52 80 80%. 76% ! . 49% 54%. 58 52 19 16 REGION SUNWARY (MRY) (1976) 401, 124 203, 743 2.2%7 2.4% ! 67 60 . 1,383 2,114 .65% 69%. . 57 84 77% 76% 49% ! 54% 183 178 . 86 76 • • SUM, .• ARITHMETIC MEAN, I. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION) • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATAFOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 9 850 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS. PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: LATIN AMERICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES DEBT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENT S-00A AS A % OF GNP GNP PER CAPITA, SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS X OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID $ MILLION US AID AS X GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES BARBADOS 0.1 (85) 0.0% (85) 29.5% (BO) 30.9% (76) 4.050 (83) 1.927 (76) 1. 110 (84) 111.5% (80) 156.2% (76) 0.1% (04) 0.7% (64) BELIZE 28.8 (85) BOLIVIA 54.0 (85) 2.0% (85) 1.3% (84) 6.4% (84) COSTA RICA 231.2 (85) 7. 0% (85) 5.0% (84) 6.5% (84) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 179.3 (85) 4.2% (BS) 3.0% (04) 4.6% (84) $40 (84) 922 (76) 1, 190 (84) 720 (76) 990 (84) 815 (76) 1, 150 (84) 881 (76) 710 (84) 630 (76) 860 (84) ECUADOR 58.6 (85) 0.5% (85) 0.2% (14) 1.2% (04) EL SALVADOR 570.2 (85) 15.4% (85) 6.0% (84) 7.1% (84) GRENADA 11.4 (85) 3.3% (84) 1.8% (76) 1.5% (84) 0.2% (76) 22.9% (84) 17. 1% ( 76 ) 26.4% (84) 9.5% (76) 10.7% (84) 7.0% ( 76 ) 30.2% (84) 5.9% (76) 20.2% (84) 4.5% (76) 4.2% (02) 5.4% (76) 16.0% (84) 1.8% ( 76 ) 4.0% (84) 4.9% (76) 16.3% (84) 6.5% (76) 21.8% (84) 13. OX (76) 31.6% (84) 12 % (76) 12. 1% (84) 7.9% (76) 15.8% (84) 26.5% (76) QUATEMALA 107.4 (85) 1.ox (OS) 0.3% (84) 0.6% (84) 10.8% (79) 12.2% (76) 58.8% (79) 67.2% (76) HAITI 56.3 (85) 2.8% (85) 2.1% (84) 6.8% (84) 9.1% (84) HONDURAS ... 296.4 (OS) 9.3% (85) 3.9% (84) JAMAICA 96.8% (81) 277.6% (81) 165.8 (85) 9.6% (85) 5.7% (84) 9.9% (84) PANAMA 1. 160 (84) 729 (76) 320 (84) 189 (76) 700 (84) 419 (76) 1. 150 (84) 996 (76) 1.980 (84) 1.087 (76) 1.240 (84) 750 (76) 1.000 (84) 768 (76) 3.310 (84) 1.648 (76) 1.980 (84) 1,704 (76) 57.6% (79) 37.5% (76) 513.2% (79) 299.4% (76) 85. 1 (OS) 1.6% (84) .9% (05) 1.1% (84) PARAGUAY 3.6 (85) 0.1% (85) 1.8% (84) PERU 87.8 (85) 0.6% (85) 0.7% (84) 2.0% (84) SUR INAME 7.0% (76) 7.0% (76) 40.7% (84) 21.6% (76) 132. 0% (84) 13.8% (76) URUGUAY 0.1 (85) 0.0% (85) -0.1% (84) 0.1% (14) 31.4% (34) 29.2% ( 76 ) CP SUMMARY 1933. 1. 2.7%. 1.6% (NRY) (1976) 2.9%. 1.021 785 33.5%. 22.2% & 195.6X & 129.5X & ' 16.6%. 11. 7% •• SUM. 4. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUNARY DEFINITIONS 10 851 REGION: LATIN AMERICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) DEBT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS GNP PER CAPITA. SUS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO NET ECON. DI SBURSEMENTS-OOA AS A % OF GNP US AID $ MILLION US AID AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES ARGENTINA -0.0% (84) 0.1% (84) BRAZIL 13446.0% (81) 1611 10% (81) 0.8 (85) 0.0% (85) 0.0% (84) 0.1% (84) CHILE 2, 230 (84) 2.021 (76) 1.720 (84) 1.326 (76) 1,700 (84) 1. 134 (76) 1.390 (84) 792 (76) 590 (84) 1.3 (85) 0.0% (85) -0.1% (84) COLOMBIA 0.0% (84) 0.3% (84) 12. 1 (85) 0.0% (85) -0.1% (84) GUYANA > 24. 1% (83) 9.2% (76) 28.3% (84) 19.6% (76) 27.0% (84) 30.5% (76) 24.2% (84) 10.3% (76) 12.6% (84) 11. 1% (76) 36.5% (84) 29.5% (76) 18.3% (83) 12.3% (76) 16.9% (84) 4.2% (76) 0.1 (85) 0.0% (85) 0.2% (84) 5.3% (84) MEXICU 151.0% (79) 112.6% (76) 24.4% (79) 27.8% (76) 103.5% (83) 253.5% (79) 170.2% (76) 355.5% (79) 696.2% (76) 872. 1% (83) 2.040 (84) 1,147 (76) 860 (84) 11.3 (85) 0.0% (85) 1 0.0% (84) 0.0% (84) NICARAGUA 4.0% (84) VENEZUELA 3.410 (84) 2.501 (76) 20.4% (83) 9.5% (76) 88.0% (83) 32. 1% (76) 0.9 (85) 0.0% (85) X NCP SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 1.90* ! 1.229 2717.5% & 15.2% & 32370.5% & 241.0X & 24.2% 6 14.8% & 26.5 • 0.0% · X & -0.0% 0.7% & 8 REGION SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) 1, 720 ! 1.087 . 1064.0% 6 19.8% & 13744.6% & 174.5% & .19.7% & 13.0% & 1959.6 • 1.7% & OX & %. 2.1% • .SUM, &• WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION), • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 11 850 REGION: LATIN AMERICA AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY68 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) DEBT FOREIGN ASSISTANCE GNP PER CAPITA. SUS TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID S MILLION NET ECON. DISBURSEMENT S-00A AS A % OF GNP US AID AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES BARBADOS BELIZE 4,050 (83) 1.927 (76) 1, 110 (84) 29.5% (80) 30.9% (76) 111.5% (80) 156.2% (76) 0.1 (85) 0.0% (85) 0.1% (84) BOLIVIA 0.7% (84) 25.8 (85) COSTA RICA 54.0 (85) 2. OX (85) 1.3% (84) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 231.2 (85) 7.0% (85) 5.0% (84) ECUADOR 540 (84) 922 (76) 1. 190 (84) 720 (76) 990 (84) 815 (76) 1, 150 (84) 881 (76) 710 (84) 630 (76) 860 (84) 179.3 (as) 4.2% (85) 6.4% (94) 6.5% (au; 4.6% (84) 1.2% (14) 3.0% (64) EL SALVADOR 58.6 (85) 0.5% (85) 0.2% (84) GRENADA 570.2 (85) 15.4% (85) 6.0% (84) 7. 1% (84) GUATEMALA 3.3% (84) 1.8% (76) 1.5% (84) 0.2% (76) 22.9% (84) 17. 1% (76) 26.4% (84) 9.5% (76) 10.7% (84) 7.0% (76) 30.2% (84) 5.9% (76) 20.2% (34) 4.5% (76) 4.2% (82) 5.4% (76) 16. OX (84) 1.8% (76) 4.0% (84) 4.9% (76) 16.3% (84) 6.5% (76) 21.8% (84) 13.0% (76) 31.6% (84) 12.0% (76) 12.1% (84) 7.9% (76) 15.8% (84) 26.5% (76) 11.4 (85) HAITI 10.8% (79) 12.2% (76) 58.8% (79) 67.2% (76) 107.4 (85) 1.0X (85) 0.3% (84) 0.6% (84) HONDURAS 56.3 (85) 2.8% (85) 2.1% (84) 3.9% (84) 6.8% (84) JAMAICA 296.4 (85) 9.3% (85) 96.8% (81) 9.1% (84) PANAMA 277.6% (01) 165.8 (85) 1, 160 (84) 729 (76) 320 (84) 189 (76) 700 (84) 419 (76) 1, 150 (84) 996 (76) 1.980 (84) 1.087 (76) 1.240 (84) 758 (76) 1.000 (84) 768 (76) 3.510 (84) 1.648 (76) 1.980 (84) 1.704 (76) 9.6% (85) 5.7% (84) 9.9% (84) PARAGUAY 57.6% (79) 37.5% (76) 513.2% (79) 299.4% (76) 85. 1 (85) 1.9% (85) 1. 1% (84) 1.6% (84) PERU 3.6 (BS) :::: 0.1% (85) 1.8% (84) SURINAME 87.8 (85) 0.6% (85) 0.7% (84) 2.0% (84) URUGUAY 7.0% (76) 7.0% (76) 40.7% (84) 21.6% (76) 132.0% (84) 13.8% (76) 31.4% (84) 29.2% (76) 0.1 (85) 0.0% (as) CP SUMMARY -0.1% (84) -0.1% (NRY) (1976) 0.1% (84) 1.021 785 33.5%. 22.2% 4 195. 6X 129,5% 6 16.6% & 11.7% 6 1933.1 : 2.7%. · % & 1.6% 2.9% ..SUM, &. VEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). ... MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR ANO SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 10 851 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 1 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) FOREIGN ASSISTANCE TOTAL US OBLIGATIONS NET ECON, 01 SBURSEMENTS-OOA AS A X OF GNP GOVERNMENT DEBT OUTSTANDING DEBT AS % OF AS % OF SERVICE GNP EXPORTS RATIO US AID S MILLION US AID AS % GNP TOTAL US ALL SOURCES GNP PER CAPITA. SUS -0.0% (84) 0.1% (84) 0.1% (84) 0.0% (84) 0.0% (85) ARGENTINA 0.8 (85) 13446.0% (81) 1611 10% (81) -0.1% (84) 0.0% (85) 1.3 (85) BRAZIL 2,230 (84) 2,021 (76) 1, 720 (84) 1.326 (76) 1,700 (84) 1, 154 (76) 1.390 (84) 792 (76) 590 (84) 0.0% (84) 0.3% (84) -0.1% (84) CHILE 0.0% (85) ..... 12.1 (85) 5.3% (84) 0.2% (84) 24. 1% (83) 9.2% (76) 28.3% (84) 19.6% (76) 27.0% (84) 30.5% (76) 24.2% (84) 10.3% (76) 12.6% (84) 11.1% (76) 36.5% (84) 29.5% (76) 18.3% (83) 12.3% (76) 16.9% (84) 4.2% (76) 0.0% (85) COLOMBIA 0.1 (85) 0.0% (84) 0.0% (85) 11.3 (85) > > GUYANA 253.5% (79) 170.2% (76) 355.5% (79) 696.2% (76) 872. 1% (83) 151.0% (79) 112.6% (76) 24.4% (79) 27.8% (76) 103.5% (83) 0.0% (84) 4.0% (84) 2.040 (84) 1,147 (76) 860 (84) MEXICU NICARAGUA 0.0% (85) 0.9 (85) 1 > 1 3.410 (84) 2,501 (76) 20.4% (83) 9.5% (76) 88.0% (83) 32.1% (76) VENEZUELA 0.7% 6 -0.0% 0.0% 6 26.5. 24.2% 6 14.8% & 27 17.5%. 15.2% 6 32370.5% 241.0% & NCP SUMMARY 1.7%. 1.0% & 2.13 1959.6. .19.7% & 13.0%. 1 REGION: LATIN AMERICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES DEBT 1,901 1.229 (MRY) (1976) 13744.6%. 174.5% & 1064.0% & 19.8% & 1,720. 1.087 REGION SUMMARY (MRY) (1976) • • SUM, & WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA). .. WEIGHTED MEAN (BY POPULATION). • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 11 852 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS. PART 2 REGIONAL SUMMARY, FYRR (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) GOVERNMENT EXPENOI - TURES AS % GNP GOVT. DEBT FINANCING AS X GOVT EXPENSES TRADE BALANCE $US MILLION > GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENO ING AS X GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION 32.2% (83) 32.9% (76) 3.9% (83) - 259 (84) - 143 (76) -41 (85) 7.6% (84) 0.9% (23) 0.2% (76) 19 (64) -64 (76) -13 (84) 34.5% (84) 2.8% (73) 24. 1% (84) 32.7% (81) 3.8% (76) 8.4% (83) 13.7% (61) 12.8% (76) 27.6% (83) 21.7% (76) 14.7% (83) 16.5% (76) 3.3% (73) 9.0% (84) 1 3% (83) 2.0% (76) 0.7% (83) 0.7% (76) 1.2% (83) 1.6% (76) (73) 312 (84) 51 (76) -73 (65) - 103 (76) - 381 (84) -47 (76) 1,147 (85) 259 (76) - 189 (84) 64 (76) -40 (85) 17.8% (84) 17.8% (83) 1.7% (76) - 179 (84) -53 (76) -325 (05) - 201 (76) - 163 (84) - 129 (76) -85 (05) -7 (76) -54 (14) 24 (76) 5 (85) 11.3% (84) 12.6% (84) 9.4% (84) 1.0% (84) 2.7% (73) 26.7% (83) 21.4% (76) 7.9% (84) 1.2% (79) 1. 1% (76) 0.5% (84) 3.8% (73) 8.6% (84) -0.4% (84) -1.4% (73) 13.4% (83) 12. 1% (76) 18.7% (84) 18.7% (76) 18.0% (76) 18.0% (76) 48. 1% (81) 42.1% (76) 40.7% (82) 33.8% (76) 11.1% (82) 12.3% (76) 16.6% (84) 2.3% (79) 1.8% (76) 1.0X (77) 1.0% (76) 2.6% (84) 5.0% (73) 6.7% (84) 4.4% (84) -12 (85) -190 (76) - 129 (84) -64 (76) - 119 (85) -21 (76) - 296 (84) - 135 (76) -654 (85) -514 (76) - 198 (85) -34 (76) 1.095 (85) -739 (76) 47 (85) 45 ( 76 ) 191 (84) 28 (76) 14. 1% (76) 14.1% (76) 30. 1% (01) 35.7% (76) 20.6% (82) 31.5% (76) -3.6% (82) 3.5% (76) 7.5% (73) -240 (85) -77 (76) -110 (84) - 19 (76) - 263 (85) - 105 (76) -312 (84) -303 (76) 21 (OS) - 176 (76) - 201 (86) -68 (76) 40 (85) -1, 193 (76) -24 (85) 63 (76) - 124 (84) - 74 (76) 12.9% (84) -0. 1% (84) 1.5% (73) 66.7% (84) 1.5% (02) 1.5% (76) 4.2% (84) 9.6% (84) 1.8% (84) 2.3% (84) 2.0% (73) 50. 0% (84) 44. 1% (76) 44.4% (76) 26.3% (84) 24.0% (76) 33.6% (84) 5. 1% (76) 21.6% (84) 8.6% (76) 2.6% (64) 2.2% (76) 2.7% 30.6% % 27.3% & - 26 & REGION: LATIN AMERICA A1D RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH CNP PER CAP % 1965-19 > AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-196 AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION 1973-191 > BARBADOS BELIZE 2.5% (84) BOLIVIA 0.2% (84) 0.8% (73) COSTA RICA 1.6% (94) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 3.2% (84) ECUADOR 3.8% (84) 4.8% (73) EL SALVADOR -0.6% (94) -0.3% (73) GRENADA 1.7% (84) GUATEMALA 2.0% (84) 3.1% (73) HAITI HONOURAS JAMAICA PANAMA PARAGUAY PERU SURINAME URUGUAY CP SUMMARY (CHRY) (1976) 1.8%. 19.7%. 18.9%. 13.9% & 1.5% a 1.3% & -87 & • • ARITHMETIC MEAN, & • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • MISSING DATA REFER TO "EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUMMARY DEFINITIONS 12 853 SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS, PART 2 REGIONAL SUNUARY, FY88 (DATA FOR MOST RECENT YEAR AND COMPARISION YEAR) REGION: LATIN AMERICA SELECTED NON-AID RECIPIENT COUNTRIES AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH GNP PER CAP X 1965-19 ) AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH IN GOP 1973-190 AVERAGE ANNUAL GOVERNMENT RATE OF EXPENO I - INFLATION TURES 1973-19( ) AS % GNP GOVT. DEBT TRADE FINANCING BALANCE AS X GOVT SUS MILLION EXPENSES GOVERNMENT DEFENSE SPENO I NG AS % GOP CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE SUS MILLION ) 0.3% (84) 0.4% (73) ARGENTINA BRAZIL 45.0% (83) 36.7% (76) 11.7% (83) 4.6% (84) 4.4% (73) CHILE -0.1% (84) 2.7% (73) COLOMBIA 3.0% (84) 3.7% (73) GUYANA 0.5% (84) 180.8% (84) 31.4% (83) 19.7% (76) 71.4% (84)31245.5% (83) 203 12.5% (76) 75.4% (84) 33.2% (83) 31.6% (76) 23.8% (84) 14.6% (81) 11.1% (76) 1.8% (84) 116.5% (84) 66.2% (76) 31.5% (84) 28.5% (83) 17.4% (76) 17.2% (84) 39.9% (83) 18.6% (76) 11.7% (64) 27.2% (84) 32.9% (76) 3.941 (84) 1, 156 (76) 12.412 (85) -2.383 (76) 789 (85) 643 (76) -21 (85) 548 (76) 5 (85) -51 (76) 12.753 (84) -2, 296 (76) - 350 (83) 57 (76) 6,790 (85) 1.917 (76) 2.0% (83) -2.542 (64) 2.0% (76) 653 (76) 828.2% (83) -338 (05) 1 169.2% (76) -6.551 (76) 3.8% (94) - 1.307 (85) 3.9% (76) 148 (76) -1.390 (85) 163 (76) 4.3% (04) -68 (5) 7.6% (76) -143 (76) 0.5% (83) 3.905 (84) 0.6% (76) -3.410 (76) 3.2% (80) -444 (83) 2.1% (76) -39 (76) 1.5% (84) 5.418 (84) 1.4% (76) 254 (76) MEXICO 2.9% (84) 9.3% (14) -4.5% (76) -5.9% (78) -9.2% (76) 40.9% (83) 44.0% (76) 29.7% (83) 27.5% (76) 43. 1% (83) 21.9% (76) - 11.9% (84) 10.2% (76) 5. 1X (73) NICARAGUA -1.5% (84) -1.1% (73) VENEZUELA 0.9% (84) 1.9% (73) 11.7% NCP SUNTARY (ORY) (1976) 1.3% • .%. 52.4% 3685.3% 3033.5% & 5.762 & 281 & 2.4% . 15.0% 3 15.6% & 115.3% 191.8% & 1, 120 & - 1.157 & REGION SURUARY (CRY) (1976) 1.6%. 2.6% 30.6% 1671.3% 6 1316. 1% a 2, 1216 48 & 17.2% 14.7% & 50.7%. 91.9% & 361 -534 .. ARITHMETIC MEAN, & • WEIGHTED MEAN (BY GNP PER CAPITA), • MISSING DATA REFER TO 'EXPLANATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA' FOR INDICATOR AND SUIMARY DEFINITIONS 13 854 OVERVIEW OF LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN AND REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 15 855 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actua) Estimated) Development Assistance 461,506 401,456 Loan 87,391 49,458 Grant 374,115 351,998 FY 1988 (Request) 401,450 46,733 354,717 Economic Support Fund 659,499 768,873 31 700,000 Loan 27,255 1,915 18,807 Grant 632,274 766,958 681,193 Other 3,318 2 151,442 2/ TOTALS 1,124,323 41 1,321,771 1 1,101,450 P.L. 480 249,295 263,734 222,625 Title 1 197,400 51 220,400 51 182,000 51 Tide II 51,895 / 43,334 / 40,625 6 TOTALS 1,373,618 1,585,505 1,324,075 Footnotes: V The FY 1987 total includes $310 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 21 International Disaster Assistance 3/ The above total for ESF Includes $5,080,000 in local cost support. 4/ The total includes reobligations of $19,066,800 deobligated in FY 1985 and $25,797,500 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $44,864,300 in FY 1986. 51 Includes Title III level of $35 million in each fiscal year, 1986, 1987, 1988. 6! Does not include World Food Program. See Main Volume P.L. 480 table for country breakout of World Food Program. 16 856 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Regional Profile The process of democratization in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region was further strengthened in 1986 through elections in Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago, with opposition political parties winning office in the last three countries. A longstanding dictatorship in Haiti was toppled, and elections are scheduled for that country during 1987. No democratically elected government was overthrown during 1986, as political opposition groups were increasingly inclined to settle disagreements through the electoral process. Despite these very impressive gains, democratic institutions remain fragile in many LAC countries. A number of them must still cope with guerrilla violence, and popular expectations for improved living standards are being frustrated throughout the region by the siow pace of economic recovery. The implications of this situation for Central America are of particular concern. In the Andean region, powerful narcotics trafficking networks pose further serious threats to all the elected governments. In the Caribbean, Haiti's weakened economy has contributed to a sense of impatience with the process of movement toward democracy since the fall of the Duvalier dynasty a year ago. Many LAC countries adopted policy reforms during 1986 to achieve economic stabilization and to lay the groundwork for sustained economic recovery over the long run, with a wider sharing of the benefits of growth. But these positive developments were offset by a generally unfavorable international economic environment, lower-than-expected external capital flows to the region, and heavy debt-servicing requirements even with lower interest rates. Growth in Central America was also held back by a political/security environment that despite improvements continued to worry potential investors. In some LAC countries, growth was inhibited by the slow pace at which policy reforms were adopted. Progress Toward Economic Recovery Modest economic recovery in the LAC region as a whole got under way in 1984, when the regional gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 3.2%, or 0.9% per capita, reversing a 10% decline in per capita GOP over the three previous years. This recovery was facilitated by rapid economic growth (4.7%) in the industrial economies and by an 8.6% expansion in the volume of world trade. Commodity prices (excluding petroleum) recovered somewhat from their 1982 low, although they remained 13% below their 1980 level. GDP growth in the LAC region fell slightly to 2.7% in 1985, but then rose to 3.4% in 1986 as strong performances by the large oil-importing countries more than offset the negative effects of sharp price declines on the oil exporters. For the A.I.D.-assisted LAC countries, the weighted average GDP growth rate fell from 2.0% in 1984 to 0.7% in 1985, then rose to 1.8% in 1986. The state of the international economy is the major reason for the continued slow pace of the recovery in the LAC region. The GDP growth rate 17 857 in the industrial countries fell from 4.7% in 1984 to 3.0% in 1985 and an estimated 2.7% in 1986. The growth of world trade slowed from 8.6% in 1984 to a modest 3.1% in 1985 and an estimated 4.2% in 1986. Although the continued drop in petroleum prices benefited most LAC countries, non-oil commodity prices fell by 12% between 1984 and 1985, and by a further 4% in 1986, thus lowering the region's traditional export earnings. Rising protectionism in the industrial countries further restricted the LAC countries' export opportunities and inhibited new investments. These adverse developments offset the encouraging gains made by many countries, especially in the Caribbean Basin, in nontraditional exports. These increased exports were due in large part to the policy reforms these countries have undertaken. Another positive development, the decline in world interest rates, was offset by levels of new external financial assistance from commercial banks and official sources that fell well short of the levels recommended by U.S. Treasury Secretary Baker at the joint annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in October 1985. In Central America, political and security conditions, though improved, remain as another major obstacle to a faster economic recovery. These conditions have inhibited both the significant repatriation of capital sent abroad earlier and the strong upsurge in private investment which the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA) projected when it made its recommendations in January 1984. Economic recovery in Central America also has been affected by the shortfall in A.I.D. resources compared to levels programmed under the Central America Initiative (CAI). This shortfall was approximately $530 million through FY 1986, and an additional shortfall of $380 million is expected in FY 1987 without the proposed supplemental assistance. All these factors to which must now be added the sharp drop in coffee prices in late 1986 -- threaten both the economic and political objectives of the CAI. At a minimum, they lengthen the time it will take for achieving them. The slow pace of the Central American recovery in macroeconomic terms masks the significant positive developments that have occurred in the region, many of them supported to a large degree by A.I.D. programs. Policy reforms, project activities, and the opportunities offered by the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) helped Central America's exports of manufactures to the United States to grow at an annual rate of 20% between 1983 and 1986. Over the same period, exports of nontraditional agricultural products to the United States grew by 18% annually. Although these increases are miniscule in terms of overall U.S. trade flows, they are signs of important progress in the Central American context. In looking at other development indicators, we find that primary school enrollment ratios are increasing, infant mortality rates are declining, and the percentage of women using contraceptives is rising. Progress toward achieving the objectives of the CAI strategy is being made in most areas, and although it is slow in some cases we do not yet see a need for significant changes in the strategy. The unfavorable external events that have affected the macroeconomic variables in the short run should not deter us from staying the course over the longer run. 18 858 Social and political Concerns The depth and duration of the regional economic crisis have caused serious social and political strains throughout the LAC region. Broad segments of society have opposed government plans to adopt stabilization programs, arguing that they have suffered enough austerity. In Mexico, where an initially successful recovery effort was undermined by falling prices for petroleum exports, the sharp drop in per capita GDP in 1986 exacerbated widespread domestic discontent with the country's political system and provided more stimulus to illegal migration to the United States. Costa Rica, whose successful stabilization efforts beginning in 1982 resulted in a modest recovery in 1984--86, is growing increasingly impatient with the constraints placed on its economic recovery by its huge external debt. In September 1986 it suspended principal and interest payments on its debt to foreign commercial banks, the full servicing of which was clearly not going to be possible in 1987 despite lower interest rates. Peru continues to follow a unilaterally established policy of limiting its debt service payments to no more than 10% of its export earnings. Jamaica, where the decline in living standards began a dozen years ago, faces difficulty in adopting further economic policy reforms because of widespread discontent with the perceived failure of previous reforms to revive the economy. These structural reforms, though generally sound, were unfortunately offset by unfavorable international events, especially trends in the world markets for bauxite and alumina, and by insufficient progress in reducing the fiscal deficit. Other countries, while aware of the risks, have nevertheless had the political courage to adopt comprehensive stabilization programs accompanied by structural reforms to stimulate new investment and growth. The most notable examples are Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Haiti. While there has been widespread recognition within these countries that major policy reforms were required, these reforms whose implementation to date has been very encouraging -- will need to bear fruit relatively quickly if they are to be politically sustained. If not, the processes of democratization now under way will be seriously threatened. Successful implementation will depend on both a favorable international environment and significant public and private capital inflows. U.S. Interests The United States has major economic interests in the LAC region, whose geographic proximity also makes it of key importance to our security. The LAC countries constitute a major market for our exports. In 1981, at the onset of the region's economic crisis, they bought $42.2 billion of U.S. products, or 18% of our total exports. But as the crisis deepened and foreign exchange availabilities declined, LAC purchases of U.S. goods fell sharply to $25.7 billion in 1983. This cost the United States about 400,000 jobs in export industries. Although U.S. exports to the region recovered to $31.0 billion in 1985 and a similar level in 1986, this is still well below the 1981 peak, particularly after adjusting for inflation. 19 859 The United States also has significant investments in the LAC region, amounting in 1985 to $29.5 billion, or 54% of all U.S. direct investment in developing countries. The economic crisis in the region has lowered returns on this investment. In addition, it has threatened the financial position of many U.S. banks with loans to LAC countries which have been unable to keep current on debt servicing. Other major impacts of the economic difficulties in the region have been an increase in illegal migration to the United States and a greater temptation for many persons to turn to narcotics production and trafficking. Our primary strategic objective in the LAC region is to support the presence of stable, friendly, democratic governments which provide a climate of political and economic freedoms in which our major security Interests, as well as theirs, can be protected. These interests include access to petroleum, to other industrial raw materials, and to the un impeded use of the sea lanes adjacent to North America and the Panama Canal. The region is also important to our efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, the flow of illegal drugs into the United States, and the operations of international terrorist groups, as well as to prevent the seizure of power by hostile forces. A.I.D. is actively involved in cooperating with the LAC countries in the narcotics control effort through such programs as drug awareness education and area development programs. In addition, P.L. 480 food assistance is being used to cushion the effects of LAC countries' narcotics control programs on lower-income groups. The LAC region is a major focus of our worldwide concern for improving respect for human rights and strengthening democratic institutions. The United States has played an active role in supporting civilian, democratically elected governments, which are now found in most LAC countries. The prolonged economic crisis in the region is a serious threat to the expansion and consolidation of democratic processes. A.I.D.'S economic assistance program seeks to help preserve and strengthen democratic gains by stimulating a private-sector-led economic recovery whose benefits will extend to the entire population. This weakens the appeal of radical, undemocratic elements, including the guerrilla groups now seeking to destabilize the governments of a number of LAC countries. a A.I.D.'s Strategy and Goals A.I.D.'s strategy for addressing the LAC region's development problems focuses on achievement of four broad goals: (1) short-term economic stabilization, (2) basic structural reforms which permit rapid and sustained economic growth, (3) a wider sharing of the benefits of growth, and (4) the strengthening of democratic institutions and respect for human rights. This growth-with-equity strategy is largely targeted on the needs of lower income groups. It emphasizes productive employment opportunities as well as greater access to health care, education, and social services. The strategy stresses the role of the private sector as the main engine of development, but it also seeks, through policy dialogue, to improve the role of the public sector by encouraging reforms which increase economic and political freedoms, as well as management improvements which reduce the costs of public services. A.I.D. stresses the importance of institution building and training in the development process, and strives to apply advances in science and technology to all its programs. 20 860 Implementing the A.I.D. Strategy 1. Stabilization. Economic stabilization -- reducing fiscal and balance-of-payments deficits and bringing inflationary pressures under control may be temporarily painful, but it is necessary to avoid the even greater pain that policy inaction ultimately causes, and it is an essential requirement for private-investment-led growth. A.1.D. has encouraged and underwritten stabilization efforts through programs supported by Economic Support Fund (ESF) resources, which both cushion temporary declines in economic activity and facilitate the adoption of reforms needed to stimulate economic recovery. A key objective of our stabilization assistance is that countries be able to manage their external sectors on a current basis by eliminating arrearages and the need for further debt reschedulings, and by restoring fiscal equilibrium. Countries making good progress toward stabilization during 1986 included Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, and Uruguay. Ecuador continued to follow sound economic policies, but its efforts were undermined by a sharp drop in petroleum prices, which significantly reduced both foreign exchange earnings and fiscal revenues. Elsewhere the record was mixed; some countries made slow progress, while others allowed their fiscal and balance-of-payments deficits to become worse, thus making stabilization all the more difficult to achieve. Because of slow progress in implementing stabilization measures, as well as continued violence in some countries and an international economic environment that has remained generally unfavorable, complet ton of the stabilization process in a number of countries is going to take several more years than earlier anticipated. During this period significant balance-of-payments assistance will be needed to prevent a further general decline in living standards. 2. Long-Term Growth. Structural reforms are needed in most LAC countries to achieve rapid and sustained economic growth within an international environment that differs sharply from that of the 1960s and 1970s. Achievement of rapid and sustained growth will depend largely on the success of countries in reorienting their development strategies away from import substitution and toward exports to nonregional markets. A strategy with such an outward orientation will result not only in faster economic growth over the long run, but also in more job creation and a more equitable pattern of growth by encouraging labor-intensive patterns of development. Specific reforms needed vary from country to country, but include establishment of positive real interest rates to mobilize domestic savings, removal of agricultural price and marketing controls to stimulate agricultural production, and adoption of flexible exchange rate policies and tariff reductions. These measures lower protection of inefficient local production and shift resources to export products for which countries have a comparative advantage. Progress toward export diversification has been good. The Caribbean Basin countries, for example, increased their exports of manufactured goods to the United States by 25% in 1984 and 21% in 1985. This growth rate slowed during 1986 to an estimated 16%, due in large part to the slowdown of the U.S. economy, but this is still a strong performance. Countries which have made good progress in implementing structural reforms -- including Belize, 21 861 an Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica -- have done particularly well in increasing their exports of manufactures to the United States over the last three years. Guatemala, where structural reforms have just begun, had a strong percentage gain in 1986. While increased exports of manufactures and other nontraditional exports are essential for restoring rapid economic growth in the Caribbean Basin countries, it is important to bear in mind that these exports -- estimated $1.9 billion in 1986 -- will still account for only a very small share of U.S. markets for these products. The effects on U.S. producers will be relatively minor and more than offset by the greater opportunities for U.S. exports that healthy Caribbean Basin economies will offer. The main elements of our strategy for achieving export-led growth and the associated increases in income and employment are: (1) policy reforms to stimulate a reallocation of resources to more productive activities; (2) commercialization of agriculture and provision of key production inputs to small farmers; (3) increased production and export credit for agriculture and industry; (4) technical assistance for small business; (5) promotion of private investment and strengthening of private sector organizations; (6) support for free zones, industrial parks, and other services for exporters; and (7) financing of rural infrastructure to stimulate small-farm output. Over the long run, the growth of the LAC countries' agricultural sectors and related economic activities will depend to a considerable extent on conservation of biological diversity and other natural resource management programs. An LAC Regional project is helping to raise host countries awareness of biological diversity concerns. Other biological diversity activities include a project to improve national parks management and establish wildlife preserves in Panama, and a project to inventory and evaluate natural resources in Ecuador. In addition, projects in Panama . Haiti, and Central America are addressing th need to protect and manage tropical forests. 3. Spreading the Benefits of Growth. An export-oriented growth strategy can promote more equitable development through job creation, encouragement of small businesses, and the generation of revenues needed to extend the coverage of health, education, and other social services. Coverage can also be extended through more efficient operation of public services and the use of cost-recovery measures, both of which are particularly important in countries where real budgetary resources have fallen because of the economic crisis. Nevertheless, targeted programs to improve the conditions of the poor will still be needed to ensure that the benefits of growth will be widespread. Opportunities for small farmers and other poor rural families can be increased through greater access to land, credit, and other productive resources; technical assistance; and the elimination of price controls and other disincentives to production. A.I.D. will continue to promote more equitable patterns of development by supporting programs that: provide access to primary education for at least 90% of all school-age children, male and female, in those A.1.D.-assisted countries where this has not been achieved (Haiti, Bolivia, El Salvador, and Guatemala); 22 862 -- expand access to family planning Information, particularly through private institutions, to help reduce the regional population growth rate from the 1982 level of 2.3% to 1.9% by 1988; -- improve health status in the region through oral rehydration therapy. immunization, improved nutrition, and other programs responsive to A.I.D.'s new Child Survival Strategy; improve the access of poor rural families to land through support for settlement programs, legal reforms to provide secure land titles, and financing for land purchases; increase the availability of credit and technical assistance to small business operators; provide better housing for low- and moderate-income families through technical assistance, ongoing Housing Guaranty loans and other activities; and assist displaced persons through provision of health services, educational opportunities, and productive employment. 4. Democratic Institutions ar Human Rights. Economic growth will best benefit the citizens of the LAC region and support V.5. interests there if it occurs in an environment in which governments permit their people to participate freely in local and national political processes; to form labor unions, cooperatives, and other voluntary organizations; and to have recourse to a judicial system that will administer justice fairly and speedily. Although the U.S. Government cannot dictate to other governments how they should structure their political institutions and processes, we can provide our moral and financial support to those countries upholding democratic institutions and respecting human rights. A key element in U.S. economic assistance decisions in each LAC country is the degree of commitment of that country to free elections, independence of the judiciary, and respect for individual rights, and the degree of progress each country is making toward these goals. Encouraged by progress in these areas, A.1.0. will continue to strengthen the administration of justice through technical assistance, training, and material support for court systems, criminal investigative agencies, public prosecutors and defenders, justice ministries, law schools, and bar associations. A.I.D. will also continue providing technical assistance to improve the administration of elections. In addition, A.I.D. activities with a large number of private and voluntary organizations (PVOs) will support the development of democratic institutions and processes by providing assistance to labor unions, voluntary cooperatives, women's organizations, and other participatory groups. C 1 The process of democratization in the LAC region is being further supported by a major new training initiative, the Caribbean and Latin American Scholarship Program (CLASP), which will provide scholarships for study in the United States and in the region itself for 11,470 individuals. CLASP consists of three major components. By far the largest is the Central American Peace Scholarships project (CAPS), under which an estimated 8,500 9 3 69-5 23 863 Peace Scholars will be trained between FY 1985 and FY 1989 in response to a recommendation of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA). An additional 3,000 participants will be funded under United States Information Agency (USIA) programs, bringing the total to approximately 11,500. Training focuses on priority economic, social, and political development needs and targets disadvantaged groups who previously have lacked access to such training. Implementation of the CAPS project has moved forward very well: 1,661 students began training during FY 1985, and 1,836 during FY 1986. The total of 3,497 through FY 1986 substantially exceeds the target of 2,855 established for this period. The second component of CLASP is the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean, which began in late FY 1986 and will provide training to an estimated 1,500 students. The third component, the Andean Peace Scholarship Program, will support training for 2,400 students beginning in FY 1987. FY 1987 Supplemental Request To implement more fully our strategy in the LAC region, A.I.D. is requesting FY 1987 supplemental appropriations of $310 million. Of this amount, $100 million in Disaster Assistance for El Salvador and $200 million in ESF resources for four Central American countries will enable us to approach the annual level of assistance targeted for the region under the Central America Initiative. The remaining $10 million is for ESF resources to support development activities related to narcotics control in the region, particularly in countries such as Bolivia which is making remarkable progress in narcotics control. FY 1988 Highlights A program level of $1.324 billion in Economic Support Funds, Development Assistance, and P.L. 480 resources is proposed for FY 1988 in support of our strategy for achieving economic, social, and political progress in the LAC region. Of this total, $826.6 million (62%) is for programs in Central America, $307.7 million (23%) for the Caribbean, $157.9 million (12%) for South America, and $32.0 million (2%) for LAC Regional programs. The distribution of these resources among functional categories of assistance, and examples of new initiatives for FY 1988, are presented below. To support our goals of economic stabilization and structural transformation to stimulate faster economic growth, ESF resources of $700.0 million are proposed, primarily as balance-of-payments assistance to help LAC countries maintain the import levels they need to accelerate their economic recovery. These resources encourage governments to undertake necessary but politically difficult policy reforms and provide them the means to mitigate some of the adverse short-term effects of these policy ch with prices for the region's primary exports still generally low, and other public and private capital flows still at disappointingly low levels, ESF assistance at the levels we are proposing is essential for achieving minimum acceptable progress toward the target rates of economic growth that now seem unlikely to be achieved until the 1990s. ESF assistance is being requested for all countries and regional programs. 69-533 0 - 87 - 28 24 864 Local currency associated with ESF programs plays a vital role in our balanced strategy. It will continue to support the productive credit requirements of private enterprises, finance key public services and infrastructure projects, help governments spread the benefits of economic growth, and support efforts of pvOs and other groups to meet basic needs. In the Development Assistance (DA) category, for which a total of $401.5 million is proposed, agriculture, rural development, and nutrition programs account for $152.7 million, or 38% of the total. Our strategy in this sector is based on the twin goals of increasing production and generating the income needed by poor rural families to meet their basic requirements for food and other needs. New activities in FY 1988 include projects for area development in Costa Rica, rural electrification in Guatemala, soil conservation in Haiti, agricultural productivity improvement in Honduras, and agricultural marketing and agribusiness development in Peru. The population planning portfolio ($24.8 million, or 6% of the DA program) emphasizes the use of private sector mechanisms. A new program for improved family health will be initiated in Haiti, and the new health sector project in Honduras will include a population component. A.I.D.'s health programs ($62.0 million, or 15% of the DA program, including $27.7 million for child survival programs), emphasize improved efficiency of delivery systems for public health services and the development of private-sector delivery mechanisms. New activities include a child immunization project in Bolivia, a potable water and environmental sanitation project in El Salvador, and a targeted community health outreach project in Haiti. Our activities in education and human resource development ($71.1 million, or 19% of the DA program) include support for training under the CAPS program for Central America, the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean, and an Andean Peace Scholarship Program scheduled to begin in FY 1987. Primary education has priority in countries where literacy rates are still low. The FY 1988 program includes a new private sector skills training project in Guatemala and a policy implementation project in Panama. The selected development activities portfolio ($84.9 million, or 21% of the DA program) is particularly important in the LAC region. It emphasizes a variety of private-sector initiatives and supports other important development activities. Tight funding restrictions for this account are not commensurate with its strategic importance in supporting programs in private sector development, assistance to small and medium-size enterprises, privatization, improvements in public administration, and efficient use and development of energy resources. New projects will support privatization of state enterprises in the Dominican Republic, development planning and implementation in Ecuador, assistance to small businesses in El Salvador, and investment promotion in Jamaica. Additional U.S. resources which provide critical support for our objectives in the LAC region will be made available under the P.L. 480 program, which will provide much-needed foreign exchange to help the balance of payments. Local currency generations from the sale of P.L. 480-financed foodstuffs 25 865 are integrated with our overall DA activities and are used as tools in our policy dialogue on macroeconomic and sector policies. Donated food addresses important nutritional needs by targeting the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population. The FY 1988 request for P... 480 resources is $222.6 million, of which $182.0 million is for Title I/III and $40.6 million is for Title II. Management Improvements 1. Management by Objectives (MBO). A year ago an MBO system was established in the LAC Bureau to implement the A.I.D. Administrator's recommendations for management improvements. The key tool for implementing the MBO system is the annual Action Plan prepared by each A.I.D. Mission, which translates country strategy into operational policies and programs. Ongoing improvements in this year's Action Plans include more uniformity in structure and content; clearer definitions of goals and objectives; and greater emphasis on measuring progress toward projected achievements. 2. Delegation of Authority to the field. Greater project approval authority has been given to field missions in order to improve program implementation and encourage initiative and accountability on the part of field managers. Within the approved country strategy and program, approval authority was delegated to the field in FY 1986 for 32 of 39 new projects (82%). For the 38 project starts planned for FY 1987 (excluding balance-of-payments assistance), authority has already been delegated to the field for 25 (66%), and decisions are pending on five others. 3. Portfolio Management. A.1.D.'s performance in implementing ongoing projects in the LAC region improved markedly in FY 1986. Project expenditures were sharply higher, rising by 40% over FY 1985 ($637 million vs. $453 million). The project portfolio liquidation rate increased from 37.3% in FY 1985 to 45.8% in FY 1986, the highest rate A.1.0. has achieved in the region during the past 13 years. Total project and program assistance expenditures exceeded obligations, and the end-of-year pipeline declined. 4. Management Information System (MIS). A major effort is under way to provide a systematic flow of information from field missions to top management in A.I.D./ Washington, although progress has been slower than expected. An improved, streamlined system of information flows is being developed now that field Missions have been given more operational responsibility, have less contact with Washington on project preparation and approval, and are devoting more time to program and project monitoring and accountability. This will establish a consolidated MIS which provides A.T.D.'s Washington offices data that satisfy management needs. 5. Reducing Project Costs. A.1.D. has taken a series of steps to control the costs of LAC training programs. A new system, the work Breakdown Structure (WBS), is being implemented which facilitates procurement actions by enabling proposal evaluation committees to distinguish between program and administrative costs and to better compare costs and the level of training services proposed by offerors. The computerized WBS reporting format shows contract expenditures on an exception basis (1.e., it highlights elements which exceed projected costs) and simplifies the 26 866 project managers' task of assuring that implementation is on schedule and within the contract budget. In addition to the WBS the Bureau has prepared a directory that lists universities, private firms, and other training sources willing to negotiate program costs with A.I.D.; promoted cost-sharing arrangements with U.S. universities; and assisted in promoting training legislation in the United States aimed at cost containment. Cost containment measures are also being introduced for health programs, although these efforts are not as far along as those for training cost containment. Guidelines are being established for identifying more clearly and completely the various costs associated with technical assistance contracts, so that proposals can be evaluated more easily for cost effectiveness. In addition, guidelines are being prepared for managing pharmaceutical procurement, so that managers become more familiar with alternative procurement mechanisms and quality control issues, thus making it easier to assure that unit costs are minimized. Special Concerns 1. Women in Development (WID). A critical element of A.I.D.'s programming is to assure more complete integration of women into development activities and to respond to WID concerns all projects rather than through token projects. Program success depends to a high degree on the ability to make effective use of women's potential economic contributions to the development process. To facilitate the implementation of the WID strategy, A.I.D. has developed a highly-regarded manual, Gender Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean, to provide A.I.D. staff and other development professionals tools for gathering information on gender roles and using it to design and implement more efficient and effective programs. 2. Evaluation. A.I.D. field missions in the LAC region prepared 68 evaluations during FY 1986, an increase from the 55 prepared the previous year. In addition, five regional evaluations were designed and implemented, compared with seven in FY 1985. Missions have planned 87 project evaluations for FY 1987 and 73 for FY 1988. Five regional evaluations are planned for each of these fiscal years. In addition to the scheduled project evaluations to be carried out to the extent staff resources permit, A.1.0. has planned a series of "program" evaluations, which take a cross-cutting, broader-than-project perspective of an issue For example, in Peru A.I.D. has scheduled evaluations of its electrification investments, credit programs, and recurrent cost and maintenance problems. In El Salvador the focus will be on program impact in the areas of small-scale enterprise, potable water, tax administration, private sector training, local government, and housing. Guidance has been provided to LAC field Missions on the importance of program sustainability and the requirement to use lessons learned in program planning and project design. During FY 1987 a contractor will be reviewing every completed evaluation to extract lessons learned, examine data obtained, and make available to all LAC Missions the results of the analysis. In addition, an evaluation workshop is planned for FY 1987. 27 867 3. Private and voluntary Organizations (PVOs). PVOs play important roles in implementing A.I.D.'s development assistance programs throughout the LAC region by mobilizing private resources and strengthening community participation in the development process. More than $75 million of DA and ESF resources were devoted to PVO activities in FY 1986. Similar levels are planned for FY 1987 and FY 1988. In FY 1987 and FY 1988, A.1.D. is placing special emphasis on working with PVOS in child survival activities throughout the hemisphere. Also, A.I.D. continues to give priority to PVO activities in small-scale enterprises, vocational training, innovative credit programs, agricultural production, and extension of health and education services in both urban and rural locations. Other important areas are training, human rights, and food aid. 28 OVERVIEW OF CENTRAL AMERICA ACTIVITIES 29 869 CENTRAL AMERICA Category Development Assistance Loan Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actul) (Estimated) 254,952 231,062 77,937 45,368 177,015 185,704 FY 1988 (Request 230,100 38,583 191,517 Economic Support Fund 457,812 615,000 31 502,000 Loon 25,425 1,915 11,907 Grent 432,387 613,085 490,093 Other 15 2 151,442 2 TOTALS 712,779 A/ 997,504 1 732,100 P.L 480 104,171 99,481 94,464 Tide 1 89,500 89,000 80,000 Tide II 14,671 10,481 14,464 TOTALS 816,950 1,096,985 826,564 Footnotes: 1 The FY 1987 total includes $300 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 2/ International disaster Assistance 5 The above total for ESF includes $2,555,000 in local cost support. 4/ The total includes reobligations of $1,985,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $5,413,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $7,398,000 in FY 1986. 30 870 CENTRAL AMERICA The Central American Initiative In August 1984, Congress approved initial financing for a five-year, $8.4 billion program of assistance to Central America 11 to address the region's fundamental economic, social, and political problems. The Central America Democracy, Peace and Development Initiative Initiative (CAI) is a wide-ranging program, encompassing more than 40 recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA). It establishes an ambitious set of specific goals to be achieved by 1989, and outlines a comprehensive strategy for achieving economic recovery and a basis for self-sustaining growth by that time. Implementation of the program began in September 1984. The Overall Strategy A.I.D.'s strategy for Central America emphasizes progress in four areas: near-term economic stabilization; structural economic transformation aimed at self-sustaining growth over the medium term; enhanced distribution of the benefits of growth; and institutionalization of democratic processes. We are now two full years and $2.4 billion into the program. The hard data indicate significant progress almost across the board, but it is also evident that the economic recovery and reorientation is not happening as rapidly as we had hoped. The fundamental problems lie not with the strategy itself but primarily with an economic and political environment that has been less propitious than we had anticipated, and to a lesser degree to the slow pace at which some policy reforms are being implemented. These factors are discussed below. Economic Stabilization When the CAI began we projected economic stabilization would largely be accomplished by the end of 1986 that appropriate exchange rates would be in place, external arrears would be eliminated and government spending would be under control. Although stabilization was not fully achieved in 1986, the countries of the region have made significant progress with our help, and that of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in putting their macroeconomic policies in order. IT Includes Belize and Panama as well as Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and a regional program. Financing for the program includes $6 billion in appropriated funds; $400 million from the FY 1984 supplemental; and $2 billion in credit guarantees and certain programs of the Department of State, the United States Information Service and the Peace Corps. 31 871 Large-scale U.S. balance-of-payments assistance -- Economic Support Funds (ESF) and P.L. 480 has arrested and reversed the decline in gross domestic product (GDP). Regional GDP, which had declined in 1983, rose by 1.7% in 1984, 0.9% in 1985 and an estimated 1.4% for 1986. While this turnaround is encouraging, economic growth still lags behind the region's annual population growth rate of about 2.7%. Growth rates in 1986 were in the 2.5% to 3.0% range for Panama, Costa Rica and Honduras. Guatemala, which accounts for about 40% of total production in the region, is believed to have experienced no change in its level of output. The growth rate in El Salvador was an estimated 0.5%, as the economy was hit by poor weather and a major earthquake. Depressed prices for most or the region's traditional export commodities, the slow growth of the world economy, and disappointing levels of public and private external financing, in part the result of the continuing conflict, have kept the pace of the recovery relatively modest. in Panama and Costa Rica, extremely high external debt burdens quickly eat up increased export earnings and offset the impact of official aid provided by the United States and others. The slow progress on several fronts is the result of both internal and external factors. An adverse political/military climate still exists. The NBCCA projected that the major problems -- insurgency in Salvador and the destabilizing presence of the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua -- would largely be resolved within 18 months of the report (i.e., by some time in 1985). This has proven to be an overly optimistic projection. Anticipated capital inflows have not materialized. The inflows of capital projected by the NBCCA (about $5 billion annually during the 1985-89 period) have not materialized. As noted last year, the repatriation of capital previously sent abroad, and the anticipated increase in private Investment and World Bank and other donor aid have not reached projected levels. Finally, U.S aid flows to the region have been significantly lower than the $1.2 billion annual level suggested by the CAI report. The aggregate shortfall through FY 1986 was about $530 million. The requested FY 1987 supplemental would significantly reduce the additional $380 million shortfall now projected for this fiscal year. External economic trends have been worse than anticipated. Between 1981 and 1985, lower commodity prices cost the Central American countries $2.3 billion, or $460 million a year. We had anticipated that prices of the major exports would recover, but they have been even less favorable than our modest expectations. Prices of cotton and beef were significantly below their 1980 levels, while cuts in the U.S. sugar quota have seriously affected dollar earnings from this traditional export crop. Only coffee prices were briefly higher in 1985-1986, and these have since returned to the depressed levels of 1982-1984. Governments have been slow to make economic policy changes. All Central American governments, to one degree or another, have been slow to take some of the steps needed to meet their economic problems. In most cases, the reluctance of elected officials has been due mainly to their perception of 32 872 ! the potential political costs of reforms, particularly in the face of what they see as a deteriorating external environment. Unfortunately, postponement of needed actions only exacerbates the underlying structural problems by inhibiting growth, making the eventual adjustments even more unpopular, and resulting in ever higher economic assistance requirements. Structural Transformation The Central America Initiative proposed a strategy for generating rapid economic growth by the end of the decade, based on increased private investment, reduced government intervention, and emphasis on rapid growth of nontraditional exports. Key to the successful implementation of this strategy are improvement in the political-military climate together with government policies that stimulate private sector investment and competitiveness. Exchange rate management: This is the first important factor in providing the basis for long-term growth, for the exchange rate is the basic price that determines the competitiveness of production for export. Progress in this area has been mixed. The exchange rate has not been an issue in Belize and Panama. Costa Rica adopted an appropriate exchange rate policy several years ago, combining a major devaluation with a crawling peg to maintain its currency's real value in the face of internal inflation. Guatemala adjusted its rate to a realistic level in early 1986, although it has not fully unified international transactions at the new rate. El Salvador also under took a major adjustment in 1986, but has failed to follow it up with mini-devaluations to compensate for serious internal inflation. In Honduras, the exchange rate remains a serious policy concern as Honduran exports continue to suffer in competitive world markets. Export promotion policies: The proper policy framework is essential. Policy changes needed include reducing tariffs on imports, establishing mechanisms for directly promoting exports, and eliminating other sources of anti-export bias. Each country has taken significant steps in this area, Costa Rica having the most extensive and earliest success. Significant progress in 1986 was made in the other countries in legislating greater support for non traditional exports, and export promotion efforts under private sector management are taking place in each of the six countries. Excessive tariff protection, however, continues to be a problem throughout the region. Investment: The most promising trend in private investment occurred in Costa Rica, where the private investment/GDP ratio fell from 17% in 1980 to 11% in 1982, but by 1984 had recovered to its 1980 level. This turnaround can be attributed in large part to the significant economic policy reforms undertaken by the Costa Rican government. In Panama, on the other hand, private investment feil significantly, from an average of 20% of GDP during 1980-1982 to an average of 12% during 1983-1986, a reflection of the completion of the transisthmian oil pipeline as well as Panama's difficulties in implementing economic policies. Modest upturns did occur, however, in 1985 and 1986 from the 1984 low. Sharp declines in private investment also occurred in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras; but by 1985 all except Belize were experiencing some 33 873 recovery. In El Salvador the big drop in private investment had already occurred by 1980. The ratio remained around 6% to 7% during 1980-1983, then rose to 8.4% in 1985 and 9.2% in 1986. Though these figures are still far below those of the 1970s, the recovery of private investment is encouraging, and a tribute to perseverance of the Salvadoran people in the face of great adversity. Non traditional Exports: Non traditional agricultural and industrial exports, though central to long-run prospects for sustained growth, are not expected to play a significant economic role in the near term. Sustained effort over a decade or more will be needed if they are to play an important role in generating export earnings. We are beginning to see significant movement, however. Regionally, nontraditional exports grew at an annual rate of 19.8% between 1983 and 1986, slightly faster than anticipated in the design of the CAI. Costa Rica appears to be on a rapid growth path, with exports to the United States rising from $72 million in 1982, when policy reform began, to an estimated $211 million in 1986. This represents an annual growth rate of about 30%. Panama, Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize also show favorable trends in nontraditional exports to the United States, although from much smaller bases than in the case of Costa Rica In El Salvador, a significant decline occurred in 1985 and 1986, suggesting that the policy framework and civil strife still combine to discourage export expansion. Spreading the Benefits of Economic Growth The CAI emphasizes rapid economic growth as the most important vehicle for achieving more equitable standards of living for the people of Central America. Both social and economic opportunity for all groups in society are likely to result from growth of employment opportunities, the replacement of government controls and subsidies, and the elimination of policies and programs which favor the few at the expense of the many. The NBCCA recognized, however, that economic growth alone will be insufficient to assure access to economic opportunity to poorer groups. Disparities in income and opportunity in these countries -- notably, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras -- are so wide that direct action will be required for a number of years to come. Access to employment will bring only limited benefits where workers lack basic education; and greater availability of agricultural credit means nothing to small farmers who do not qualify for it because they do not own their land or at least have secure and equitable tenure arrangements. Even in areas where economic effects are less direct and longer-term, such as health, education and family planning. improvements in access are essential to achievement of broader societal goals. A.1.D. is funding numerous projects aimed at ensuring that the benefits of the growth process are broadly distributed within the Central American societies and result in a genuine transformation of the region. These projects are increasing primary school enrollments, reducing infant mortality, increasing access to modern family planning, and improving access to agricultural technology and secure land tenure. 34 874 Education: The NBCCA education objectives included scholarship training in the United States and the region for 10.000 students, raising the primary school enrollment rate from 85% to 95%, improving teacher skills, providing adequate texts and didactic materials and upgrading physical facilities. Significant progress is being made against all of these objectives. --Both Guatemala and Honduras have made significant improvements since 1980: gross enrollment rates increased in Guatemala by 5 percentage points (from 71% to 76%) and in Honduras by 9 percentage points. --Between 1984 and 1986 over 12,000 primary school teachers, directors and supervisors were trained in Honduras and another 4.200 were trained in Guatemala. --In Guatemala A.I.D. and the World Bank funded 1 million textbooks; in Costa Rica the World Bank funded 1.5 million and A.1.0.2 million --Honduras launched a long-range effort to reduce primary school dropouts, and planned vocational-technical training programs. --Nearly 2,600 classrooms have been built and renovated in Honduras under the Rural Primary Education project, and plans for 1987-1990 call for building and renovating an additional 1.050 classrooms under the Primary Education Efficiency project. Large-scale projects are also under way in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and El Salvador, where 340 classrooms were constructed under a project recently completed. --Major progress has been made in management training in both Costa Rica and Honduras. Between 1984 and 1986, 4,000 Costa Rican businessmen and women participated in 118 management skills upgrading courses given through the Training for Private Sector Development project, and 2,200 mid- and upper-level managers of private sector firms in Honduras participated in 187 management skills upgrading courses. --In adult and higher education, progress in Honduras includes initiation of a special weekly newspaper oriented toward Honduras' farm population In Guatemala a higher education project oriented toward the country's Indian population was initiated. Health and Nutrition: A.I.D.'s major objective for the health and nutrition sector in Central America is to help reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) from an estimated 65 per thousand live births in 1984 to 55 per thousand live births by 1989. A.1.0.'s focus has been to develop a sustained capacity in each country to effectively provide to their vulnerable populations oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunizations and other important child survival interventions in nutrition and birth spacing. There is strong evidence that A.I.D.'s interventions over the past four years and the framework put in place over the last decade are beginning to make a difference. Control Of Diarrheal Disease: INCAP, The Nutrition Institute for Central America, is providing regional support to ORT programs in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador which are saving thousands of children every 35 875 year. In Honduras alone the number of deaths attributable to diarrhea declined by 50% in the 1981-1985 period. Immunization: In Guatemala each rural household is visited three times a year to ensure that at-risk children receive the needed vaccinations. In Honduras over 70% of all children under five have been vaccinated and 90% of the known tuberculosis patients have been aided. Nutrition: Nutrition-related activities are focused on developing growth monitoring programs which complement ORT and immunization activities. One of the largest A.I.D. nutrition-related programs is the P... 480 Title II program, which in FY 1987 is scheduled to provide approximately $10 million in food assistance for maternal and child health, food for work, school feeding, emergency feeding, and aid to displaced persons. A.1.0.is working with INCAP to improve the planning and implementation of food programs throughout the region. Malaria: Malaria is one of the most serious tropical diseases in the region in terms of number of cases reported, potential for epidemics, and negative health effects on the population. Malaria cases in the region may now exceed one million. The highest-risk groups in affected areas are usually mothers, children, and rural farm workers. A.1.D. programs are battling increases in malaria in Guatemala and Honduras. The incidence of the disease in El Salvador has been dropping since 1980, in part due to A.1.D. technical assistance and supplies for malaria control. Access to Family Planning Services: All Central American governments have recognized that population and development policies are mutually reinforcing. A.I.D.'s main role has been technology transfer, with 80% of A.I.D. assistance going to non-governmental organizations supporting Central American efforts to implement their own population programs. Contraceptive commercial sales programs are under way in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama. These programs are increasing accessibility and affordability of contraceptives, providing greater choice to the consumer, allowing for partial cost recovery for the program, and reducing the burden on governments by using the commercial sector. Democratization The U.S. objective in this area is the establishment and strengthening of broad-based participatory democracies throughout the region, including free elections and respect for human rights. Popularly elected civilian governments are in place in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras countries long ruled by military regimes. Though facing multiple economic and social problems and under pressure from the political left and the right, these societies are moving steadily forward to strengthen the Institutional and attitudinal underpinnings of their nascent democracies. The longstanding democracies of Belize and Costa Rica remain firm, their governments continuing to function effectively. Only in Panama has democracy been set back by the continued strong-handed intervention of the military. U.S. aid to democratization is growing in size and sophistication as we and the Central Americans confront the fact that democracy is not just a 36 876 particular set of conditions and events, but an evolutionary process involving a range of civic institutions, cultural attitudes and Socio-political resources. A.1.0. programs are focused on the election process itself, on strengthening the professional capabilities of legislators, expanding citizen participation, and promoting the freedom and competency of the press. A.I.D. is also working to upgrade the competency and independence of the judiciary and investigative organs of government so that they may more effectively serve the populace and protect human rights. The report of the NBCCA also called for the establishment of a Central American Development Organization (CADO). Composed of representatives of government, labor and private enterprise, CADO proposed as a predominantly Central American entity to make recommendations on country and regional economic, social and political development objectives; the mobilization of domestic and external resources; and reform of economic policies and structures. Progress in organizing CADO has been slow due to the need to forge a consensus among the Central American leadership. private and public, and the delays resulting from elections in Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica. A multi-national, multi-sectoral working group has been formed to begin drafting organizational documents for a CADO, and several national-level CADOS are being established as precursors to a regional organization. Summary Status Report An inter-agency assessment of the status of the Central American Initiative is being prepared. Recommendations for its future implementation will be forwarded to the Congress in March. Several preliminary conclusions, however, can be drawn: 4. ye for an 1. The CAI strategy continues to be appropriate. Barring a major worldwide economic crisis or a significant deterioration in regional security, the strategy remains valid. It is clear, however, that five years will not be sufficient time to attain the growth targets set forth in the NBCCA report or to reach the equity and democratization targets originally established. 2. Significant progress is being made. Democratic governments dedicated to human rights are in place throughout the region except in Nicaragua and Panama. The economic deterioration of the early 1980s has been halted, and private investment and capital is beginning to move back into the region. All governments have taken steps to curb public sector deficits, stimulate the private sector, encourage foreign investment and redirect production towards nontraditional exports and markets. Programs to extend the benefits of development and promote equity are rapidly spreading health and education coverage and improving their quality, dramatically reducing infant mortality, and making family planning services more easily accessible. The establishment and reinforcement of democratic institutions is accelerating, spurred by the success of the electoral process in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. the 205 ACC 3. Internal and external conditions have been less propitious for recovery than had been assumed. Economic progress is not going to come as rapidly as we had hoped. A stretch-out of the CAI planning and funding period will 37 877 be needed. The Administration's proposals in this regard will be detailed in the report due to Congress on March 1, 1987. !! The NBCCA assumed a substantial reduction in violence by the end of 1985. Military conflict still continues, albeit at reduced levels, in El Salvador The armed resistance of the democratic forces in Nicaragua is expected to expand and may contribute to economic uncertainty in adjacent countries. This will continue to affect the climate for investment and dampen government efforts at economic reform. Unfortunately, it also hampers efforts to attract aid from other donors. World economic recovery has not been as complete as projected. Earlier assumptions on world prices for the region's traditional exports have not been realized. Coffee prices recovered briefly in 1985-1986 but have fallen in recent months, and there may be no early upturn. Sugar quotas have been reduced. The decline in oil prices has had a positive effect, but prices have begun to rise again. Overall growth rates, while positive, are not sufficient to offset population increases. -- Some of the other pieces are not there. It was assumed that the CAI would be aided by the progress of the Caribbean Basin initiative, particularly those provisions of the CBI designed to spur foreign investment in the area. Shortfalls in the levels of private capital moving into the region have placed greater strain on official aid flows. The situation has been further complicated in Costa Rica and Panama, where extraordinary debt service burdens have not been sufficiently off set by new private bank financing. Finally, official U.S. aid flows have fallen short of planned levels; A.I.D. appropriations through 1986 in ESF and DA were $530 million below those originally projected for the period. 4. More time will be needed. Continued substantial assistance will be needed into the 1990s before self-sustaining growth rates of 5% to 6% a year can be achieved. Export earnings from traditional crops will remain the key to growth for most of the next decade or so until the new nontraditional crops and products can pick up the slack. Substantial foreign investment must await a resolution of the conflict in El Salvador and reduction of tensions created by Nicaragua. The security factor also affects the willingness of the governments of the area to take the often unpopular economic and social reforms essential to long-term growth. Obviously, shortfalls in the levels of U.S. aid below those recommended in the NBCCA also serve as a brake. 1 The report is being prepared as instructed by Congress in Section 205(c).(1) of the FY 1987 Military Construction Appropriation B111 as Incorporated in the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution (PL 99-591). 38 878 FY 1988 Program A.1.D. is requesting $826.6 million in economic assistance for Central America in FY 1988, including $230.1 million in DA, $502 million in ESF and $94.5 million in P.L. 480 resources. The ESF program concentrates primarily on economic stabilization and encouraging growth-promoting policy reforms, while the DA program addresses a number of priority development and equity concerns, as described in the country narratives that follow. 39 879 Belize 41 088 FY 86 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (505) BELIZE BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS .WID 1986) 165 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1985 ) SUGAR GARMENTS .CITRUS PER CAPITA ANP (DOLLARS, 1984) 1. 110 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 2.5% EXPORTS TO V.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1985 )FOOD 28 (1982) 44% (1984) 42 (1995) 58% (1985) 38 60% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 7.6% FUEL ,MFRD. GOODS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION. ( .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 88.2 MALE 65.8 (1070) TOTAL 63.0 MALE 60.8 IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1983) 46 (1984) 57 (1985) 63 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 39% (1984) 43% (1985) 48% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) - 40(84) -39 (85) FEMALE 70.9 FEMALE 64.9 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1970) TOTAL 91% MALE 91% FEMALE 91% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM , MEXICO EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 38.2% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) ( 1984) 2 1.5% 25% • SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF COP (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / 50 KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 158 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.4% (1978) 1.7% (1986) 1.6% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 51% (1986) 52% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 7 (1986) 5 SUBSISTENCE: RICE .AOOTS ANO TUBERS .CORN 28% (1985) CASH: SUGARCANE .CITRUS FRUIT .RICE 60% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1985) 42.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS:( 1985) RAV SUGAR .CITRUS ,FISH PRODUCT SPOPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 47.3% (15-64YRS) 48.7% (65. VRS) 4.0x MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1984) DAIRY PROOUCTS MEAT PRODUCTS . WHEAT INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 36 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1984) 32X PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN ( 1986) 3.667 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1982) MALARIA GASTOINT. INFEC., RESPIRATORY INF. (1982) 46 (83) 46 (84) 49 DEATH.. (1982) ACCIDNT & TRAUMA, CIRCULATORY CONOCEREBROVASCULAR TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENOING (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1962) 62 (85) 59 (84) 61 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) 1 16% DEFICIT( - ) OR SURPLUS (S WILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) - 16 (83) -14 (84) - 12 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY(1984) 68% DEFENSE (.) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF QNP • % PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 126 NALE 128 FEMALE 124 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 27.2 MALE FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. ( ) TOTAL MALE FEMALE (SNILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) TQUIVALENT TO 0.4 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1904) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) X 42 ** Of TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. ( : : : : G PL OF 881 BELIZE Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) stimated) 6,850 7,296 0 6,850 7,296 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 7,300 750 6,550 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 1,914 1,500 414 2,254 1/ 1,915 339 2,000 1,350 650 TOTALS 8,764 9,550 9,300 0 0 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 TOTALS 8,764 9,550 9,300 Footnotes: 1 The above total for ESF includes $85,000 in local cost support. FY 1986 FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES Category FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 5 6.75 6.75 Foreign National 2 4 TOTALS 7 10.75 10.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, excew property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) A5 TC Total А T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 15 95 110 42 118 160 45 134 179 Regionale 56 19 75 70 10 80 90 10 100 Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional TOTALS 71 114 185 112 128 240 135 144 279 a In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FÝ & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe bAcademic: degree seeking. • Participants funded under regional programs lengo, CLASP, AMDP). AIO 3702 898) 43 prior FY. 882 BELIZE Introduction Belize is a small but importantly located democratic country in Central America which gained its independence from the British in 1981. It has the lowest population density in Central America, partly owing to the vast tract of swampy and barren land near the coast and the limestone mountains covered with tropical forest in the interior which discourage intensive settlement. The size of its population (165,000), combined with its natural resource base, provides the country an excellent chance of attaining middle-income status within a decade or two. However, fiscal instability arising from chronic trade and budgetary deficits, a narrow productive base due to an under developed agricultural sector, and a lack of productive infrastructure to develop domestic industry and attract foreign investment are formidable constraints to long-term growth. Belize's economy is very open, and its small size makes it vulnerable to external market forces beyond its control. The country is largely dependent on a few primary commodity exports such as sugar and citrus. Conversely, Belize relies heavily on imports to satisfy a sizeable part of domestic consumption and practically all capital requirements. Due to declining terms of trade, in 1985 the country had one of the highest trade deficit to gross national product (GNP) ratios (22%) in the region. Like other Central American countries, Belize's economic growth has slowed since the late 1970s. As a result, its GNP per capita of $1,110 in 1984 has remained basically unchanged since 1980. While the country's literacy level is high (912), Belize's human resources are not sufficiently developed to assure sustained growth. Large-scale emigration of adult Belizeans, especially to the United States, further reduces the pool of skilled manpower. Environmental sanitation is a countrywide problem, and nearly half of the rural population and one-third of the urban population lack access to potable water. This contributes to the high incidence of malaria and other water-borne parasitic and infectious diseases, especially in rural areas. Dr de Na as gr ecc or 1 AI stal for Cour sta: The Government of Belize (GOB) is taking steps to deal with the country's development problems. The GOB has successfully implemented an International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby program from December 1984 to May 1986 and, with U.S. Economic Support Fund (ESF) assistance, achieved improvements in the external and fiscal accounts. Given Belize's economic vulnerability, the long-term objective of the GOB's Five Year (1985-1989) Macro-economic Plan is to expand and diversify the country's exports through greater emphasis on the development of non-traditional export crops, light industry and tourism. The GOB has embarked on a number of important productive physical and social infrastructure investments with assistance from international donors, including A.I.D. Policy reforms involving improvements in the operations of two major parastatals, liberalization of trade regulations and domestic price controls and improved public sector investment programming are being implemented to improve the economic structure and to foster door para net loca irve Dry 1985 the refo AN 44 adu 883 private sector development. These efforts represent the initial phases of a long and complex process necessary to strengthen the economy and lay the groundwork for achieving long-term growth and development. with its limited resources, Belize relles on bilateral and multilateral economic assistance to finance its development program. The country has increasingly looked to the United States for economic and political support. The United States is Belize's leading trading partner and major donor of official development assistance. The government supports U.S. policies in Central America and the Caribbean. A.1.0.'s Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date To maintain friendly relations with Belize and to assure a democratic, independent, economically viable country, our strategy is to assist the Government of Belize in addressing the constraints to growth with a program that focuses on economic stability, agricultural diversification, export promotion, infrastructure development, and selected human resources development. This strategy is based upon the recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America. A.10.'s economic assistance targets fiscal stabilization and productive infrastructure improvements over the near term. Economic growth and diversification will enhance the equitable distribution of economic resources over the longer term and help nurture a democratic, independent, economically stable Belize. A.1.D.'s strategy recognizes that the private sector is the main engine of growth in Belize. Activities of major projects are private sector-oriented, and the policy dialogue efforts under the ESF are aimed towards creating an economic environment conducive to private sector development. Support for institutional development and the transfer of appropriate technology are being achieved through efforts to assist the government and the Belizean private sector in diversifying and expanding the productive base of the economy. 1. Stabilization A.I.D.'s ESF program has focused on assisting the GOB to achieve economic stability and implement structural adjustment. An ESF loan of $14.5 million for balance-of-payments support, provided in FY 1985 and FY 1986 through the Counterpart Fund il project (505-0012), complemented the IMF'S $7 million standby credit in providing adequate support to help the GOB liquidate its external debt arrears in 1985 and build up its international reserves. By adopting austere budgetary measures and improving the operations of parastatals, the GOB was able to reduce the overall budget deficit from more than 7% in Belize FY 83/84 to only 3.7% in Belize FY 85/86 and to generate net public savings from its current operations in Belize FY 85/86. GOB local currencies were utilized to support foreign-assisted capital investments of the public sector and selected development activities of the private sector. An additional $1.414 million in ESF grants provided in FY 1985 and FY 1986 supports technical assistance to enable the GOB to improve the operations of two parastatals, implement trade and domestic price policy reforms, and improve its planning and programming of public investment. A.I.D.'s focus on achieving economic stabilization and structural adjustments will continue in FY 1987 with the provision of $2 million in ESF 45 884 for a counterpart Fund III loan project (505-0013) which will be designed to assist the GOB to maintain financial stability through greater expenditure restraint and to implement policy reforms designed to foster private sector growth and economic diversification. Policy reforms will consist of restructuring the government's development incentive system and tariff structure, both very crucial to greater private sector growth and a more efficient economy. Local currencies associated with the ESF loan will be used for financing private sector credit requirements for productive Investments, encouraging the sale or lease of selected public corporations engaged in commercial activities, and supporting private and voluntary organization (PVO) programs. 2. Long-Term Growth Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s thrust in the agriculture sector is to assist the GOB and Belizean private sector to reduce the country's dependence on sugar as the major foreign exchange earner by diversifying its agricultural base and increasing production and exports. An ongoing $6.8 million Commercialization of Alternative Crops project (505-0008) is the principal activity supporting the GOB's efforts to expand the country's productive base by developing viable alternative crops for export and import substitution. Initially, technical assistance in agricultural diversification is being provided to farmer organizations in the northern districts of Belize. As a result, eleven new crops, mainly winter vegetables and fruits, are expected to have marketing trials in FY 1987. In addition, feed grain and oil crops will be developed to meet domestic demand for animal feed and edible oil. An ongoing $3.3 million Livestock Development project (505-0006) is intended to expand production of the local agricultural sector for both domestic consumption and exports. Through technology improvements and policy changes leading to the privatization of the National Abattoir, this project has improved small- and medium-sized livestock production and upgraded meat processing in Belize, making it possible for several private companies to resume exporting meat to neighboring countries. A $6.2 million Rural Access Roads and Bridges project (505-0007] is assisting Belize to increase its agricultural production through the rehabilitation and maintenance of important all-weather and rural access roads and bridges. This project has increased the Ministry of work's capability to rebuild, maintain and protect its rural access roads infrastructure. Improved access to markets, inputs, new technology and social services have enhanced the income and living conditions of small farm families in the rural areas. To reinforce current diversification efforts, A.I.D. will initiate a $2.5 million Toledo Agricultural Marketing project (505-0016) in FY 1987 which will assist "Slash and burn" farmers in the impoverished Toledo district. The major project strategy is to develop non-traditional export-oriented crops with established marketing channels (focusing on cocoa), thereby broadening Toledo's small farmers' cash crop base and reducing dependency on rice production. Selected Development Activities. The objectives of programs in this account are strengthening of the Belize private sector and increasing exports. In FY 1986, the Export and Investment Promotion project (505-0027) was initiated as a follow-on to an earlier $200.000 Export Promotion OPG 46 885 (505-0025) with the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry that successfully established the Belize Export and Investment Promotion Unit. The Investment Promotion project is developing the Unit's capacity to carry out a full range of tourism, export and investment promotion activities to expand the export-oriented production base in Belize. The Unit will serve as a "one-stop shop" for prospective investors, encourage joint ventures between foreign and local investors, and promote Belizean products abroad. The $142,000 National Development Foundation OPG (505-0011) with the Pan American Development Foundation has been very successful. Three hundred loans totalling $450.000 have been provided to small businesses, while 600 jobs have been either created or protected. In FY 1987, A.I.D. will initiate a $4 million Export Investment Credit project (505-0019) to support agricultural and industrial exports and tourism by modernizing the Belizean financial system to channel a larger flow of financial resources to long-term investment in these new productive sectors. This project will support a new financial institution by providing technical assistance for identification, evaluation, implementation and supervision of project proposals, and credit funds for private sector on-lending and for leveraging equity financing. Housing Guaranty Program. A.I.D. is implementing a $2 million Housing Guaranty program in Belize to support the GOB's efforts to address the problem of inadequate housing. The program is assisting the GOB to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Belizean Development Finance Corporation and the credit union system to expand shelter construction and improvements. 3. Spreading the Benefits of Growth Health. A.I.D.'s health portfolio in Belize is focused on improving health care and services to promote the social well-being and increase the productivity of Belizeans. An ongoing $7 million Increased Productivity through Better Health project (505-0018) is assisting the GOB to control the growing incidence of malaria and dengue fever and to expand coverage of potable water supply and sanitation programs in rural communities in three districts. The project provides technical assistance, support for applied research in malaria control, and training and commodities to the Ministry of Health. A component to be added in FY 1987 will include child survival activities such as immunization and oral rehydration therapy. A comple- mentary $700,000 Village and Health Sanitation operational program grant (OPG) project (505-0024), with the Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE), provides rural water and sanitation improvements in two other districts in Belize. A notable achievement of both projects is the establishment of water and sanitation coordinating committees at both the village and national levels among international donors and the GOB. In 1986 malaria cases in Belize decreased by 33%, from 18 per 1,000 to 12 per 1,000. Other A.I.D. efforts to improve health conditions in Belize, especially among the rural poor, include training professionals in the key areas of maternal health and child survival, oral rehydration therapy, primary health care delivery, and in encouraging breast-feeding and family planning. These projects are effectively administered by private and voluntary organizations. 47 886 Di'! 1986 Education and Human Resource Development. A major objective of A.I.D.'s program is to increase the availability of skilled manpower in Belize in order to strengthen the private sector and improve public administration. In FY 1986, A.I.D. began implementing a $5 million Training for Employment and Productivity project (505-0020) to provide the training required to promote private enterprise development, especially of export and tourism-oriented enterprises in Belize. The project supports the expansion of the Belize Institute of Management, a private training institute, and improvement in the GOB's vocational institutions. It will provide management, technical and skills training to employees of private firms and government agencies and other individuals involved in tourism and export-oriented activities. A.I.D. also supports the GOB's and private organizations' efforts to address the illicit drug problem in Belize. A $350,000 Drug Awareness OPG (505-0033), being implemented by the Parents' Resource Institute for Drug Education (PRIDE), is promoting greater drug awareness among the youth of Belize, primarily by providing technical information and material support to Belizean church and civic organizations actively engaged in drug education programs. those 4. Democratic Institutions and Human Rights ES: FY 20 CY OC Dena Belize is unique within Central America. The political process is stable, democratic institutions are well-entrenched, and income distribution is generally equitable. Belize participates in regional projects to improve its legal system. Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Belize in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training. In FY 1986, A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 185 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (38); education (51); health (27); business (26); sciences (16); computer science (11); labor (4); engineering (5); public administration (3); and other (4). The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.1.0. to Belize are as follows: DA ESF TOTA FY 1988 B. A.D.D for Bell Type of Goods Value Support toe true U.S. Machinery and Transport Equipment U.S. Steel and Other Manufactured Goods U.S. Fertilizers/Chemical Products $4.4 million $1.0 million $1.1 million 3 MO? and deve TOTAL $6.5 million Agricult Comerc Agricult (505-200 protects agriculte 48 887 C. Local Currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Belize was allocated by A.I.D. and the GOB for the following uses in FY 1986. (There was $1.85 million in local currency available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986 and an equivalent of $6.5 million was added during FY 1986.) Public Works Agricultural Activities Health, Education and Housing Training Private Sector Development Activities Trust Fund $2.8 million $2.1 million $1.9 million $0.4 million $0.4 million $0.7 million TOTAL $8.3 million D. Reprogramming of funds for Belize during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: ($000) Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD SDA ESF Estimated FY 1986 obligations 8,464 1,850 50 2,250 650 1,750 1.914 Actual FY 1986 Obligations 8,764 2,150 50 2,250 650 1,750 1,914 E. Funds and Programs provided to Belize in FY 1986 through non- governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-Governmental Government of Belize DA ESF $4.222 million (62%) -0- $2.628 million ( 38%) $1.914 million (100%) TOTAL $4.222 million (48%) $4.542 million ( 52%) FY 1988 A.I.D. proposes $2 million in ESF and $7.3 million in Development Assistance for Belize in FY 1988. The $2 million in ESF will be balance-of-payments support to help sustain the economic stabilization thus far achieved, and to continue policy dialogue with the GOB for structural adjustment essential for improving economic efficiency and stimulating private sector-led growth and development. Agriculture. A.1.0. requests $3.2 million to incrementally fund the Commercialization of Alternative crops (505-0008, $800,000), Toledo Agricultural Marketing (505-0016, $500,000), Rural Access Roads and Bridges (505-0007, $1.2 million) and Livestock Development (505-0006, $500,000) projects. These funds will enable continuation of efforts to increase agricultural production and exports. This request also includes $100,000 49 888 for the Central American Peace Scholarships (505-1000), and Program Development and Support (505-0000, $100,000) for project development, evaluations and studies. Population, Health, Child Survival, Education and Human Resources. Some $1.9 million is requested to incrementally fund the Increased Productivity Through Better Health project (505-0018, HE $800,000 and CS $300.000), Training for Employment and Productivity (505-0020, EHRD $300,000), and the Central American Peace Scholarships (505-1000, HE $150,000, EHRD $200,000) projects, and to provide Program Development and Support (505-0000. $150,000) for project development, evaluations, population policy studies and related support. Selected Development Activities. A.I.D. requests $2.2 million to incrementally fund the National Development Foundation of Belize (505-0011, $70,000), Export and Investment Credit (505-0019, $750,000) and Export and Investment Promotion (505-0027, $1 million) projects. This assistance will enable private sector organizations such as the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the National Developmer.t Foundation of Belize to continue efforts in export promotion and provide credit to the productive sectors. This request also includes Program Development and Support (505-0000, $360,000) for project development, evaluations, and special studies to strengthen the private sector, and Special Development Activities (505-0010, $20,000) to promote development initiatives at the community level. A.L.D. Representative: Neboysha R. Brashich 50 889 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN Sos BELIZE PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G QOLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -TMROVOM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY97- OBLIG- ¿XPEN- ATIONS OITURES - PROPOSED FY93- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AÖRICULTURE RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION G 83 C 352 :: SO 1 20 40 33 100 100 33 91 6.350 1.350 1.350 257 584 --- 50 500 83 1.900 1.900 1.990 713 --- --- --- 756 --- 631 --- --- G 33 91 11.150 6.130 6,150 --- 612 1.200 900 G 35 99 5,800 6. 300 2.223 --- 1,500 437 675 1,700 800 600 99 2.500 --- --- --- 900 500 500 500 --- --- 85 615 615 615 134 148 ... 333 --- --- 86 97 385 385 200 115 185 150 --- 120 --- --- --- ... 300 --- 200 --- 100 6 39 260 --- -- SOS-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS --- --- 40 109 75 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5,387 2,150 2.29 1.863 4.032 3,200 2.595 713 756 431 505-000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 505-0006 G LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (PC) 505-0006 L LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION (PC) 505-0007 RURAL ACCESS ROADS AND ORIDGES (PC) 305-0003 CONNERCIALIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE CROPS 505-0016 87 TOLEDO AGRICULTURAL MARKETING 505-0023 6 ACCELERATED COCOA PRODUCTION (PC) OPG 505-0030 BEST • CASA PROGRAM (OPG) G SOS-0036 KACAL COOPERATIVE DAIRY DEVELOPMENT 300 300 28,260 17.500 12.690 6,100 2.150 3,054 1.363 4.463 3,203 2.595 GRANTS 10.780 26.360 15.600 1.000 1.900 LOANS 1.930 'rotone 51 cond Monsoon - Al projects in this con with niti obligation done belon December 31, 1996 wre bound on the authorised data Podation Gown December 31, 13th FY of land algorien lad on planned dote 890 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) S03 SUZEAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN BELIZE PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTMD -INROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES POPULATION PLANNING 505-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES G C -: -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 2 2 20 5 20 26 505-0031 G FAMILY LIF: EDUCATION - OPS 20 3: 18 123 10 79 --- 30 8 -- 20 37 39 20 26 30 --- 30 --- 30 26 12 --- 12 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 152 78 SO 2 50 25 GRANTS 64 66 152 78 SO so 32 LOANS 2 30 25 00 66 MALTM SO 52 WOO co G 33 C .:: 90 45 38 60 SO so 36 3 IL SURVIVAL TECH SUPPORT JPG 86 SO SO 500 500 --- ... 500 --- 275 • 505-0018 INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY TROUCH BETTER ME --- 136 1,500 --- 1.2 50 1.642 1.275 2.000 800 1.000 500 128 200 1 : REAST IS BEST LEAGUE - IPS 85 300 62 62 so 71 21 12 6 505-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCMCLARSHIPS 305-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 505-2017 35 59 7.000 7.000 53-0024 3 T:LLAG: HEALTN SANITATION OPS 700 700 55-002 525-9232 6 86 WATERNAL AND CHILD MEALTH OP 35 10 250 250 --- 27 250 101 --- 100 69 52 C 01. NY - CD- 168 - . --- . SUNTARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA ANO CARIBBEAN SOS BELIZE CP 86 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LOP L FY OR FY OR 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OSLIG PLANNED AUTND -TMROUGM FYGS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 350 26 150 126 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 196 2.250 1.397 1.373 2.959 1.000 1,457 194 2.250 1.897 1.373 2.95 1.000 1,457 --- --- --- --- RO - --- --- CMILO SURVIVAL PUND --- ... --- --- 725 300 300 300 --- . 725 300 300 300 725 300 300 300 LOANS EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES SO 49 50 36 60 75 SO SO 85 SOS-0020 TRAINING FOR EMPLOYMENT 5.000 5.000 2.000 500 ... 185 1.000 1.315 300 1.305 G 35 87 250 100 750 350 209 600 161 400 G 800 611 200 200 87 39 303-1050 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 2.140 3.862 8.512 GRANTS 2.140 8,862 8.512 LOANS G 87 89 1.500 505-0018 INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH BETTER HE TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.300 GRANTS 1,500 G 83 C SOS-0000 DROGRAN DEVELOPRENT AND SUPPORT 505-0033 DRUG AWARENESS OPG 505-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 'Roten to the med prewery weet 53 cud olarlart wity FY of fuel obligation opt-AR Project that with minste obligation de beton December 31, 1900 me bed on the author and date for the killion dote Deceber 31, 10th FY of Inalation is tudom a pioned date 768 SUNARY ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN SOS BELIZE CP 88 -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- 59LIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY:8- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 650 430 1.871 1,731 550 1.755 LOANS 650 430 1.871 --- 1.731 550 1,755 SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES --- --- --- SOS-0000 683 C PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 698 432 200 162 165 200 360 310 G C S03-0010 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FUND 100 "9 20 6 SS 70 20 so 3 83 S03-0011 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION OPG 68 342 242 142 117 30 25 105 100 70 70 SOS-0019 G EXPORT INVESTMENT CREDIT 37 1.100 --- --- 1.100 --- --- 200 87 99 --- 3.000 300 --- ... --- - 750 200 80 17 --- 41 22 .. --- 38 2.500 2.500 --- --- 1.500 --- --- 705 1.000 $75 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 820 615 1.750 215 1.400 1.316 2.200 1.505 820 615 1.750 215 1.400 1.316 1.450 --- --- 1.305 --- PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L FY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGN FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6.550 5.350 2.300 GRANTS 6.550 5.350 2.300 505-0019 L EXPORT INVESTMENT CREDIT SOS-0026 8 PILOT GUIDANCE, COUNSELING. $ PLCAT • OP 50 30 505-0027 : 36 !XPORT I INVESTMENT PROMOTION 7.022 2.322 GRANTS 4,022 2.822 3.000 LOANS ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 750 200 54 893 SUPPOST PUNO - SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMICA AND CARIB SEAN 525 GELIZ! CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP L FY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL OSLIG OLIG PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGH FY85- OBLI- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY8 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L 33 33 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 4.023 95 1.000 138 614 153 618 500 1.414 85 SOS-0012 COUNTERPART FUN TI 13.000 16,500 16.500 6,500 1.500 6,500 --- 1.500 --- 3 37 8 1.000 --- --- --- --- 500 500 L 97 7.000 --- --- --- 1.915 1.915 1.350 1.350 G S5-099 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 87 37 35 US 85 --- O --- ... --- . 37 39 566 --- --- --- 254 --- 150 200 SOS-1050 CENTRAL ANERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 133 414 158 339 703 650 1,200 6.500 1.500 11.500 1.915 7.436 1.350 1.350 COUNTRY TOTAL 535-0005 CROIT ROOISCOUNT FUND 5)3-9012 COUNTERPART UND II 505-C013 COUNTERPRT FUNO :11 505-0013 COUNTERPRT FUND III TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 29.565 20.014 19,000 6638 1.914 11.653 2.254 8. 141 2.000 2.550 GRANTS 1.000 3.065 1.614 26.500 19,500 LOANS 13.000 TOTAL 81.911 55.176 36.990 13,590 8.764 17,279 9.550 18.976 9,300 10.216 GRANTS 17.000 6,385 7.264 5.023 7,635 11.107 7,200 8,664 50.511 33.776 31,400 21.400 LOANS 19.900 7,213 1,500 12, 256 1.915 7.869 2.100 1.550 "Refer to the planned projna wys 55 Curiol effort cowity FY of final ob potion co-Al project in the cou with witte obligation de totoro December 31, For all projects the abilion date at Dec 3the FY of mal obution is bon planned dote d on the authorized dare 894 Costa Rica 57 69- 895 COUNTRY: (518) COSTA RICA FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS. NID 1986) 2.735 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )COFFEE , BANANAS PER CAPITA QNP. .BEEF 69-533 0 - 87 - 29 (DOLLARS, 1984) 1, 190 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965-841 1.6% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )MFRD. GOODS 274 (1984) 37% (1984) 372 (1985) 39% (1985) 442 49% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 24. 1% . MACHINERY TRANSPORT. EQP. NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1971) 3.3% IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. CIF) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 374 (1984) 48% (1984) 396 (1985) 42% (1985) 420 43% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 74.9 MALE 72.2 FEMALE 77.9 ( 1970) TOTAL 66. 1 MALE 64.1 FEMALE 67.5 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1973) TOTAL 88X MALE 89% FEMALE 88X TRADE BALANCE ( S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -46(84) 1(85) -73 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , GERMANY, FEDER , GUATEMALA • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 104% AANUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) -0.0% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 322 26.4% AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GOP ........ (1984) 21% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 88 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.8% (1978) 3.9% (1986) 2.9% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 40% (1986) 46% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) ( 1986) 3 SUBSISTENCE : RICE ,BEANS-DRY ,CORN 38% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,BANANAS ,BEEF ANO VEAL 55% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1984) 65.ok MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE , BANANAS BEEF AND VEAL POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 36.3% ( 15-64YRS) 59.7% (65+ YRS) 3.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,OIL SEEDS CORN INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 17 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. .(1980) 27% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1979) 1.438 .CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE.CHICKENPOX MEASLES-ROUGEOLE (1961) 469 (82) 455 (93) 684 DEATH.. (1980) MYOCARDIAL INFAR.CEREBROVASCULAR COND. PERINATAL TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S NILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 544 (82) 478 (83) 747 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. ( 1977) 118% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) -75 (82) -23 (83) -63 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY(1980) 84% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1961) 2.7% (82) 3.0% (83) AS % OF ON 3.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : (1981) 0.6% (82) 0.6% (83) 0.8% PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 104 MALE 105 FEMALE 103 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 39.. MALE 46.6 FEMALE 34. 1 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERI00 POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL 20,2 MALE 10.3 FEMALE 8.0 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 346 (84) 405 (85) 506 EQUIVALENT TO 4.2 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION ( 1984) 32.0% 58 896 COSTA RICA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 10,949 12,774 6,250 4,963 4,699 7,811 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 12,900 6,850 6,050 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 120,582 0 120,582 127,716 1/2/ 0 127,716 90,000 0 90,000 TOTALS 131,531 140,490 102,900 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 16,200 16,200 16,000 16,000 15,000 15,000 TOTALS 147,731 156,490 117,900 Footnotes: 1 The FY 1987 total includes $40 million ESF for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 2 The above total for ESF includes $155,000 in local cost support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actuell (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 27.50 23.75 23.75 Foreign National 20 20 20 TOTALS 47.50 43.75 43.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, erceus property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. FY 1988 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) TC Total А T Total Category (Request) T Total AL А 108 389 16 461 123 441 38 549 201 132 231 360 38 492 269 163 U.S. Participants Bilateral d 72 Regionale 107 Third Country Participants Bilateral d Regionale TOTALS 179 10 2 426 21 605 e 271 10 489 10 760 O 363 10 771 408 a/n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryoveri still in training from the prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking d Participants funded under bilateral programe Participants funded under regional programs lengan CLASP, AMDPA Academic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 (893) 59 897 COSTA RICA Introduction In the late 1970s, the terms of trade started to turn against Costa Rica. Coffee prices fell sharply and petroleum prices doubled. Costa Rica, which in the mid-1970s had appeared to be a model developing country, attempted to maintain its growth-with-equity performance through heavy internal and external borrowing. A policy of strong monetary expansion maintained existing levels of public and private consumption but caused inflation, exchange rate depreciation, and reduction of net foreign exchange reserves to negative levels. In July 1981, the Government of Costa Rica (GOCR) suspended principal and interest payments on an external debt whose servicing requirements it could no longer meet. That year the fiscal deficit reached 14% of gross domestic product (GDP). Cut off from external financing, Costa Rica faced a rapidly deteriorating economy. GDP fell by 9.4% between 1980 and 1982. Open unemployment reached 9.5% in 1982 and inflation exploded to over 100%. Since 1982, the GOCR has made steady progress in stabilizing the economy. The GOCR'S economic recovery effort has been supported by an International Monetary Fund (IMF) stand-by agreement, A.I.D. balance-of-payments financing and an $80 million World Bank Structural Adjustment Loan. Significant levels of private bank refinancing also took place under debt rescheduling agreements reached between the GOCR and its U.S. and other foreign creditors. A.I.D., in conjunction with the other donors, has supported major macroeconomic reforms essential to achieving sustainable long-term growth. Among these are major reductions in the number of agencies and programs which receive subsidized credit, a unified exchange rate, the maintenance of positive real interest rates on both time deposits and credit extended, and passage of a monetary reform law which improves the competitive ability of private banks in a state-bank-dominated system. Although Costa Rica's economic performance since 1982 has improved, the stabilization effort is not yet complete. While Costa Rica has returned to positive economic growth rates, the estimated per capita GDP in 1986 is only about the same as the 1975 level. Further, with current account balance-of-payments deficits in 1986-1987 approximating $200 million and scheduled public sector debt servicing after renegotiation still about $150 million per annum, the annual financial requirement from external sources is in excess of $300 million. With its strong tradition of democracy and social justice, Costa Rica is important to the U.S. goal of establishing free, stable, democratic nations throughout Latin America. The country's dedication to democracy has not faltered in the face of reduced living standards and the growing threat of neighboring Nicaragua. But Costa Rica will continue to require significant levels of economic assistance over the next few years to avoid further 60 898 significant declines in living standards. The social and political risks of such a decline are contrary to U.S. Interests in the region. The major objectives of U.S. economic assistance are to help Costa Rica continue the process of economic stabilization, to restore sustained economic growth without an unmanageable increase in external debt, and to preserve Costa Rica as a model of democratic, broad-based development in the region. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomp 11 shments to Date A.I.D.'s strategy is based on the four principal goals laid out by the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA): economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, spreading the benefits of growth, and strengthening democracy. Central to this strategy is maximizing the involvement of the private sector in the development process, especially to take the lead in fostering export-led growth, and achieving structural change through policy dialogue. while considerable progress has been made in the area of economic stabilization, much work remains to be done to achieve sustained export-led growth. A. Economic Stabilization A.1.D. is supporting the GOCR'S economic recovery program by providing balance-of-payments assistance essential to permit the importation of (1) raw materials and intermediate goods needed to keep producers functioning, and (2) essential foodstuffs not produced in sufficient quantities domestically. A.I.D.'s sizeable balance-of-payments assistance, which includes ESF, P.L. 480, and the Trade Credit Insurance Program resources, has allowed A.I.D. to enter a policy dialogue with both government and private sector leaders on reforms aimed at eliminating structural and policy problems which contributed to the 1981-82 crisis. Policy reform achievements include a sharp reduction in subsidized credit, to only 15% of all available credit by December 31, 1984; a unified exchange rate; a reduction in the deficit of the nonfinancial public sector from 14% of GDP in 1981 to 2% in 1984 and 1985; and maintenance of positive interest rates. Another success has been passage of the new Monetary Law, which facilitates private banks' access to local-currency and foreign-exchange credit lines. A.I.D. is also supporting a GOCR effort, now under way, to divest itself of parastatal enterprises which, in the past, have accounted for 30% of the public sector deficit. Local currencies made available under ESF and P.L. 480 programs serve as a principal source of funding for a wide range of development activities. As part of the FY 1987 supplemental request for Central America, $40 million is being requested to augment balance-of-payments assistance to Costa Rica Justification for this request is being provided separately. B. Laying the Basis for Sustained Long-term Growth In order for the Costa Rican economy to achieve sustained ong-term growth, the shift from an import-substitution orientation to one of export-led growth must be accelerated. Within this context, A.I.D. is helping to address constraints to private sector investment by carrying out a dialogue on policy and structural changes, supporting projects which strengthen the 61 899 private sector directly and indirectly, and identifying export opportunities provided by the Caribbean Basin Initiative. A.I.D. programs emphasize credit and services to promote private investment in production for export to markets outside the Central American Common Market. A.I.D.-supported credit programs have responded to the nationalized banking system's inability to provide timely and appropriate types of credit required by productive enterprises. One A.I.D. Development Assistance-funded project has helped establish the Private Investment Corporation, which provides medium- and long-term financing, equity investment, and other merchant banking services not traditionally available to private enterprises in Costa Rica. The Private Sector Export Credit project (515-0204) supports medium- and long-term financing for new export projects. A recent evaluation indicates that the once financially troubled implementing institution, COFISA (the Costa Rican Industrial Financing Corporation), is financially strong and has made significant progress towards becoming a major lender of export credit. A.I.D. has also recently initiated a new Agricultural and Industrial Reactivation project (515-0223) which will provide medium- and long-term credit to existing industrial and agroindustrial companies for plant modernization and improvement. In addition, local currencies associated with the ESF program have financed a special credit line through the Central Bank, 80% of which has been channelled through and helped strengthen private banks. The A.I.D. program also stresses investment and export promotion. The local-currency-financed Investment and Export Promotion program, being implemented by the Costa Rica Coalition for Development Initiatives (CINDE), is focused on attracting foreign investment and is yielding dramatic results. During the past year, 23 companies made new investments totalling $13.5 million and generating over 4.000 new jobs. A.I.D. programs also include activities aimed at increasing production of agricultural exports. An ongoing program complementing a Central American regional effort is fighting coffee rust through technical assistance provided under an operational program grant (OPG) with Agricultural Cooperative Development International (ACDI) (515-0227) and through a local currency-financed credit program being implemented by the Federation of Coffee Growers Cooperatives (FEDECOOP). A.1.0. has also recently begun an agribusiness program which will support diversification of Costa Rican agriculture into intensively produced crops with potential for high economic return. C. Spreading the Benefits of Growth A.I.D. is attempting to help spread the benefits of growth by supporting Costa Rica's longstanding commitment to equity. Our focus is on (1) assisting the GOČR to improve the quality and efficiency of service delivery and (2) increasing the involvement of the private sector in areas where it can provide services more efficiently. The private sector also has by far the major role to play in generating employment. The private Investment Corporation and Private Sector Export Credit projects are contributing to increased employment by enhancing job-producing Investments and credit for investment. 62 900 A.I.D.-supported housing programs generated some 7,600 work-months of employment in the first half of 1986. A.I.D. is assisting the Costa Rican shelter sector through Housing Guaranties, ESF and P... 480 local currency programs, and a dollar-funded low-cost shelter project. As of the end of FY 1986, almost 12,300 units were either sold, in the process of being sold, or under construction under these programs. In addition, a $5 million ESF local currency program introduced two concepts in public housing activity: a modified turnkey approach to contract with the private sector for delivery of units, and reduction in the traditional unit size from a finished house to a smaller "starter" housing solution to which additions are made as family needs change. A.I.D. has also been supporting the creation of a Mortgage Bank in which the private sector will have the major management role. Health and education indicators for Costa Rica are among the best in Latin America and are comparable to those of more industrialized nations. A.I.D. is therefore limiting itself to smaller, targeted activities where resources can have a high impact. For example, under an ESF local currency-financed program, approximately one million textbooks have been printed and distributed to all regions of the country. A.I.D. has also begun a refurbishment program for one-room schools which includes development and production of special materials, training of teachers in their use, and instruction on the use of locally available materials as teaching tools. D. Strengthening Democracy The United States views Costa Rica as both a valuable ally and a critical regional resource for promoting democratic development in Central America. A.I.D. strengthens institutions which have served and continue to serve as models of success for other Central American countries. Among these are the University of Costa Rica Law School, the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights Center for Electoral Advice and Promotion, and the United Nations-affiliated Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD). Under the Central American Peace Scholarship project (515-1000), A.I.D. finances U.S. training for Costa Rican high school and university students, as well as leaders in a broad range of areas including municipal government and the arts. A.I.D. is also promoting democratic institutions through private and voluntary organizations. An OPG with the American Institute for Free Labor Development is developing an institutional capacity within the National Confederation of workers to administer and operate an agrarian services department responsible to its federation and farm union constituency. A.1.D.'s Selected Development Activities program supports community and organizational self-help efforts, which often involve the construction of a school building or other facility which can be used as a community meeting center. ESF-05 Sociated local currency has been used to expand the coverage of this program. 63 901 Section 709 20 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Costa Rica in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training: A.1.0. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 605 participants from Costa Rica in the fields of agriculture (340), industry (105), labor (41), health and family planning (12), education (131), public administration (243), housing and community development (2), and other (40). Itt B. The types of goods associated in FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Costa Rica are estimated as follows: 1 Types of Goods Value $ 20.0 million 78.0 million 4.0 million U.S. Raw Materials Agriculture Manufacturing & Mining Construction U.S. Capital Goods Agriculture Manufacturing & Mining Construction Transport Total 6.0 million 25.0 million 4.0 million 3.0 million $140.0 million C. Local Currency: Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Costa Rica was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Costa Rica for the following uses in FY 1986: Increased Private Sector Involvement Host Government Economic Policy Support for Export Promotion Efforts Housing and Infrastructure Accelerated Agricultural Development Training and Education Other Activities Operating Expenses Total $20.0 million 20.0 million 3.0 million 16.9 million 13.8 million 16.0 million 7.9 million 3.0 million $100.6 million D. Reprogramming of funds for Costa Rica during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: ($000) TOTAL ARDN PN HE EHR SDA ESF -Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 131,482 2,850 25 50 580 7,395 120,582 64 902 -Actual FY 1986 Obligations 131, 407 2.806 25 98 578 7,318 120.582 E. Funds and programs provided to Costa Rica in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels were as follows Non-Governmental ( Millions) Government of Costa Rica ($ Millions) $5.7 (52%) DA ESF P.L. 480 Title I TOTAL $ 5.1 $120.5 $ 16.2 $141.8 (482) (100%) (100%) (96%)* $5.7 (4%) * The primary beneficiary of ESF resources channeled through the Central Bank is the private sector, which uses the dollars provided by the ESF to purchase U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Costa Rican industry and other businesses. P.L. 480 Title I wheat is processed and sold by private millers and bakers. A majority of the local currency being generated by the ESF and P.L. 480 program is being applied to private sector programs as indicated above. FY 1988 Program A.I.D. requests $90 million in ESF, $12.9 million in DA, and $15 million in P.L. 480 Title I. A. Economic Stabilization ($85.5 million ESF, $15 million Title D) The proposed Economic Stabilization and Recovery VII project (515-0236) will continue balance-of-payments support in order to permit the continued financing of imports of U.S. raw materials and intermediate goods needed to keep businesses functioning in the near term. Local currency from the project will be used for a range of development activities supporting this as well as the other three basic goals of the program strategy. Activities include divestiture of parastatal enterprises; expanded housing; road maintenance and repair; export promotion programs; and health, education, and training activities. The P.L. 480 Title I program will continue to provide balance-of-payments assistance through import of essential food commodities, and the local currencies generated under the program will support rural development activities. B. Economic Growth Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition ($5.575 million): A.I.D. requests $500,000 for operational program grant (OPG) projects under this appropriation category, $415,000 for Program Development and Support directed mainly at the commercial aspects of the agricultural sector and $2,825,000 for initial-year funding for the new Northern Zone Consolidation project (515-0235), a follow-on to the Northern Zone Infrastructure Development project (515-0191). 65 1 1 903 Selected Development Activities ($6.0 million): A.I.D. proposes to allocate $3.3 million for the Agricultural and Industrial Reactivation project (515-0223) which began in FY 1986, $1.3 million for the OPG with Participating Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT), and $300,000 for Program Development and Support. C. Broadening the Benefits of Growth Population, Health, Education and Human Resources ($325,000): A.I.D. proposes $150,000 for Program Development and Support for technical assistance, training, and other services in support of dollar and local currency-financed programs. D. Strengthening Democracy ESF and Education and Human Resources: A.I.D. proposes $5.5 million for the Central America Peace Scholarship project (515-1000). Mission Director: Daniel A. Chaij 66 905 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND ROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) AU FOR LATIN AMRICA AND CARTO BIAN 513 COST PIC 4 PROJECT NO. IN TITLE 607 • LFT OF FY 0 1 INITIAL SINAL OBLIG OLI: 2 PLANNID AUTNO -TMROUSH FYB5- OBLIG- ETEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL FT86- OBLIO- EIDEN- ATIONS OTURIS -91760 ESTINATED FY87- EXPE ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES *;ZICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION :כככ-15 3 52 C 6.554 6,190 PARA DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 300 219 400 sao 615 340 519-C163 NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION OCC8 OCCO 5,352 0.000 780 1.868 --- --- --- --- ... 515-0148 4;R44 SETTLEMENT AND P200UCTIVITY $S CS P.500 300 .500 5.460 2.262 1.779 --- --- 515-0171 OPT-IN TONE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPAINT 530 SDO 235 --- OOS 76 --- 189 --- --- 33 513-C11 NORTHERN LON! INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPOINT 16,200 14,200 16. 200 1.068 .. 7.351 ... 5.781 --- --- 515-02 2: ATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 5.000 5.000 6.000 . 1.000 3,404 --- 904 1.196 --- --- --- --- L CO DE 5,582 --- --- --- 6.338 1.500 1.250 2.000 . 35 515-220 3 AGRIC, SERVICES AND UNION DY. (P13-0-2) 1.000 1,JOC 250 101 750 28 --- 530 --- ... . 95 800 513-1227 1;36. 398. COCO INTERNAT'L (PMO-v-R) 200 $30 15 600 167 --- 320 --- 298 28 39 3RIERA LONES CONSOLIDATION 500 --- --- 425 100 1. 88 99 371-ERN ZONES CONSOLIDATION 513-C223 INDUSTRIAL REACTIVATION 526-sls 515-0235 ... .. --- .000 --- .. --- --- --- 2.400 600 oe 515-C237 97 ON-TRADITIONAL TIPORTS-TECH SUPPORT 2.000 1.415 300 sos &00 Rosemary Culori 67 SURNAR (IN ACTIVO ANO THOUSANDS DOLLAR ***oject SIS SUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARISAN COSTA 41C PROJECT NO. -Y OF YO AND TITLE INITIAL PINAL G OOLIS OSLIG LOP PLANNEO AUTO -THROUGH PYSS- OSLIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS OITURES PYO- -ACTUAL ORLI- ATIONS C. -NOX -911c DITURES -ESTINATED Y37- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED TO:- 0 -Nona -91160 ATIONS DITURES 519-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PLACE SCNOLARSHIPS 513-9999 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG's 150 200 SDO 300 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 215.05 43204 39.000 10.501 2.850 6.577 16.12 GRANTS S.575 9.13 7.504 6.621 5.224 2.300 5.28 36.700 1.850 LOANS 791 2.239 35.700 2.06 11.380 1.925 2.538 1.000 14.17 12.123 POPULATION PLANNING 3.650 2.600 0000-Sis 25 175 154 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 25 13 47 76 50 65 2.623 2.500 2.606 649 755 $13-0168 ILI PLANNING SELF-Reliances 515-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 700 06 --- --- 183 --- 125 394 --- --- 103 113 --- 70 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.806 2.500 2.66 SOB 25 763 230 38 GRANTS 2.66 175 2.806 2.500 605 603 *** 25 763 LOANS 230 6 175 509 NEAL IN 3 . 52 179 139 SO 62 519-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT os 2 SO 83 300 300 98 31 S-0203 TEALTH SERVICES SUPPORT SO 32 --- --- 06 905 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN CP 65 L FY OF FY OF | INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGM PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL PY86- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- JLIG EXPEN• ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 90 426 - 426 150 200 --- --- c 500 300 751 2.239 2.069 1.925 2.539 16.107 6,333 12.123 3,650 2.600 6 52 C 171 154 25 13 47 76 50 45 3 83 ANILY PLANNING SELF-RELIANCE 2.623 2.500 2.498 755 --- 700 125 394 --- --- 6 37 90 183 --- --- --- 193 113 --- 70 803 25 763 230 889 175 309 803 25 768 230 889 175 S09 LOANS --- CO C. 52 C 179 131 so 62 56 74 SO 62 6 83 86 250 So 32 80 300 300 --- 90 --- $15 COSTA RICA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 515-1000 G 37 CENTRAL ANERICA PLACE SCHOLAR SNIPS 513-9999 G 73 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 43.204 59,512 39.000 18.501 2.850 16.949 6.577 16,192 5.575 5,138 GRANTS 7,504 6,621 1.850 5,224 2.300 54,288 36.700 LOANS 35.700 11.880 1.000 POPULATION PLANNING 515-0000 PROGRAM JEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 515-0168 315-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.669 2.806 2.300 GRANTS 2.669 2.806 2.500 KEALIN 515-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 515-0203 HEALTN SERVICES SUPPORT 'Note the pred prana mwenye 68 Cowolofon PY con oben-M pronto the with million des before Debo 1,100 on the authorized det Podporo tondo Do 01.0th FY olmalidan ploed dat 906 L06 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 515 COSTA RICA PROJECT NO. AN TITLE CP 88 LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 5 03LIG ILIG LOP PLANNEO AUTHO -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L 53 סככ,19 10.000 193 2.482 515-0203 12 ALIM SERVICES SUPPORT 915-100 CENTSALA ERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 5.000 3 97 13.000 354 1.325 00 --- 356 200 100 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.654 13.300 10,429 422 100 2.576 610 6,354 50 1.577 GRANTS 429 229 100 410 354 654 300 10.000 19.030 50 252 LOANS 13.000 193 2.482 6.000 1,325 EDUCATION ANU HUMAN RESOURCES G 52 C 515-0030 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 538 517 80 23 ככ3 78 100 90 515-0138 CIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY L 79 79 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.656 82 252 --- --- 33 83 515-013 6 POLICY PLANNING AND ADS IN :PROVE. 1.000 1.000 --- --- 1.000 353 SOS 142 G 94 97 515-0212 TRS FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPINT 5.000 5.000 4.000 OS 500 203 500 885 --- 2.500 i 37 99 515-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCAGLARSHI'S 2.182 --- --- ... --- 1.132 500 1.000 800 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.182 8.000 7.539 2.621 590 813 1,982 1.857 1.100 3.390 GRANTS 5.533 965 590 731 1.982 1.605 0.182 6.000 2.000 2.000 1.100 3.390 LOINS 2.000 1.656 82 --- 252 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 'Relentette med et colo 69 Co .. -ESTINATEO PY7- ODLIG- eXPEN- AT TONS DITURES -PROPOSE PYOX BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 500 1.100 300 600 164 --- NATURAL RESOURCES conservation 750 1.030 Rész? --- 1.07 --- SUNNARY.9 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) JeCTS PUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARTOOCAN 515 COSTA RICA PROJECT NO. L OP PY OF LO AND TITLE -THROUGN PYS- INITIAL FINAL -ACTUAL PLANNED PY66- OOLIG- EXPEN- OILIG DOLIG ODLIG EXPEN- AUTND ATIONS DITUROS ATIONS DI TURUS 313-0000 5 52 C PROGRAR DEVELOPNENT AND 2.125 1.62 744 460 SUPPORT S1 S-0138 L 79 79 2.500 SCIENCE AND TECNNOLOGY 2.500 2.317 1 2.500 79 50 1.800 1.800 1.000 515-0187 3 ..000 PRIVATE SECTOR EXPORT CREDIT 6.000 1.747 6.000 5.174 515-0168 . 83 .3 300 300 PRIVATE SECTOR LON-COST 1 22 300 21 SHELTER 515-0190 33 .. 7.900 5.500 POLICY PLANNING AND ADMIN 7.900 1.868 1.OSS I APROVE. S13-0204 86 1.000 1.000 68 PRIVATE INVESTNENT CORPORATION 1.000 36 515-0204 L 06 15.000 14.750 PRIVATE INVESTNENT CORPORATION 15.000 250 G 86 515-0223 350 INDUSTRIAL REACTIVATION 350 100 L 0 515-0223 39.062 INDUSTRIAL REACTIVATION 19.650 5.000 G 86 515-0232 6.900 4.900 1.300 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLABORATINS TOGETHER --- 123 monsi 1.300 2.600 1.100 2.377 --- 496 --- 330 6.000 9.000 --- --- 1 So 100 100 200 625 3.000 3. 200 5.000 1.000 1.800 1.300 1.500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 80..12 61.400 35,975 7.751 7.394 6.825 3.575 17.212 6.000 19.941 GRANTS 8.925 3,687 2.144 1.632 14.450 14.450 66.362 46.930 2.950 LOANS 27.050 6.219 4.064 2. BOO 5.250 6.591 5.193 625 10.993 3.200 15.050 ECONONIC SUPPORT UND 907 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 515 COSTA RICA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LYOP PY OF I INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY85• OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY:7- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 52 C 2.125 1,629 744 460 500 1.100 300 400 79 79 2.500 2.317 --- 19 2.500 2.500 164 --- --- 80 515-0145 L 79 NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION ... 1.800 1.800 1.800 750 1.050 --- --- 515-0187 L 82 PRIVATE SECTOR EXPORT CREDIT 83 8.000 8.000 8.000 1.747 --- 5.176 1.079 --- • 83 300 122 300 300 --- 21 --- 123 --- 83 7.900 7.900 5.500 1.368 --- 1.055 1.300 2.600 1. 100 2.377 515-0204 PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 86 1.000 1.000 1.000 68 --- 56 330 ... -- --- --- 513-0204 L PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION 16.750 15.000 15.000 250 6.000 9,000 --- --- --- --- 6 89 350 350 100 150 100 100 200 L 90 39.062 19.650 ... --- --- 5.000 625 3.000 3. 200 5.000 --- --- G 86 89 1.300 40 1.000 6.900 6.900 1,800 1.300 1,500 2.950 6,219 2.800 6.891 625 10,993 3,200 15.050 ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUND 70 515-0000 G PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 515-0138 1 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 515-0108 PRIVATE SECTOR LOW-COST SNELTER 515-0190 3 POLICY PLANNING AND ADMIN IAPROVE. 515-0223 INDUSTRIAL REACTIVATION 515-0223 INDUSTRIAL REACTIVATION 515-0232 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLABORATING TOGETHER TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 80.812 61.400 35.975 7.751 7.394 6,825 3.575 17,212 6.000 19,941 GRANTS 8.925 3,687 2.144 1.632 LOANS 14.450 16.450 66.362 46,950 27.050 4.064 5.250 5. 193 cudero No bodo te thorandante. -No Moldawlouho 0,0FY 908 606 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 515 COSTA RICA PROJECT NO. AND TITL! CP 88 • LFY OF FY O | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIC OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 500 500 500 359 92 49 515-C172 3 OOOP DANCING SERVICES AND CREDIT 515-0194 G ICONONIC STABILIZATION AND RECOVERY IV 95 95 160.000 160.000 160.000 167,200 --- --- 12,800 --- --- S15-0247 331 INFO NETWORK 3 87 67 250 --- 250 100 --- 150 96 36 515-0222 G ECONOMIC STABILIZATION AND RECOVERY V 123.592 120.582 : --- 120.592 90,532 --- 40.000 --- --- 515-02/1 3 37 ICON STABILIZ AND RECOVERY VI 97 126,750 --- ... .-- --- 124,750 124,750 --- --- 39 515-0236 83 ECONONIC STABILIZ 3 RECOVERY 11 95,500 --- .. 85,500 85,500 515-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 3 87 87 155 155 -.. 155 --- --- --- -- 155 --- -- --- 155 6 515 -1073 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 97 18.561 . 2.561 2.000 6.500 4.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT $10,298 281,237 160, 500 147.359 120,582 93,474 127.716 167.054 90.000 89,305 GRANTS 510,298 281.237 160, 500 167,559 120.5B2 93,474 127.716 LOANS 167.054 90.000 89,805 --- --- --- COO OC COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 676,264 402.437 260.315 177,657 131.531 119,404 140.490 207.558 102,900 120,360 GRANTS 185.565 150,866 125.281 561.614 306.787 132.650 95.650 97,450 135.527 LOANS 175, 190 74,750 96,050 101,385 17.793 6.230 21.954 4,963 29.363 6.850 18.975 71 'Retentioned propery Cool of Forelho co- AB de contenuto de projecte educativa date Costa Rica Northern Zone Consolidation LA 14. NOIN 2.400 (L) 425 (0) 100.HR DA $15-02JS ATP Lowl ... Purposes To sobot the Government of Costa Rica (COCR) in actaining the socio-economic consolidation of .pecific area. in Costa Rica'. Northern Zone. CAT ORIDOLIDAVO PY 2.499 (L) Uit dhe 25 ( 1991) INCTO Son TECRUIRTOS on dhe doorlon of rol 88 PY PY 89 PY 92 Host Counts and Other Donore: This project to closely related to ongoing and planned host country and other donor effort in the Northern Zone. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDD). for lostance, 1. supporting road construction leading to the project area. Also, the IDB Increased Agricultural Produétivity project will provide agricultural technical assistance. The International Yund for Agricultural Development will provide all fan credit assistance for traditional crops. Moreover, the GOCR 1. providing local currency counterpart frog the P.L. 480 program for ongoing IDB and A.1.D. projects. Beneficiaries! Over 40,000 inhabitants of the Northern Zone v111 benefit directly from project outputs: Indirect beneficiaries include people providing goods and services to the project area whose businesses will benefit from economic activity the area. Ma lor Outputo: Rural roads constructed (kas) All Years 120 Project Description: The Northern Zone of Costa Rica is an rest of the country. area which 10 not socially and economically integrated with the It include, extensive areas of underutilized lands with considerable agricultural potential. In response to thi. situation, A.I.D. ha. been financing the Northera Zone Infrastructure Development Project (515-0191) in three specific parts of Costa Rica's Northern Zone covering an area of 260,000 hectare.. Begun in 1983, the project 1. achieving good results, particularly in rural road construction and community infrastructure development. Thi. follov-on project will continue to increase agricultural production and rural development in the Northern Zone by Providing funding for: infrastructure activities including feeder road/bridge construction and potable water systems; credit for non-traditional agricultural export product.; land titling: « Community developeent credit fund; and technical assistance and training activities. The project will be organized along the line. established uader the ongoing Northern Zone Infrastructure Development project, but laplementation decision making will be decentralized to encourage more active participation of public and private sector groupe within the Zone. Lalationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Stratosy: This project supporto the Mission's strategy for long-term growth through an expanded production base, expanded production credit, and increased employment opportunities. It also responds to National Bipartisan Commission on Central America recomendations to increase agricultural production and Increase infrastructure. U... FINANCING (In hoende of dolle Oblicado Exceditur Th2 m, 1986 Estimated local Year 1987 Community Infrastructure project. coe- 70 pleted (achool., potable water .ystems, etc.) Loans for agribusiness exports approved 3, 200 Land titles granted 1,100 A.I.D. Tinanced Inputs $000 Construction work and maintenance 7,800 Credit 3,200 Technical assistance/Training 800 Contingency 700 Total 12,500 Price Contuetan or not Ministry of National Planning and Economic Policy Unik 606 SOSO 6.OSO 1..7 2,400 (L) Costa Rica BORSA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source (in thousands of dollar Northern Zone Consolidation 2,400 (L) FY DA 425 (G) 88 Life of Project Funding 425 G 12.000 (L) 500G Number 515-0235 NEW Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initia Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Dau of Project D GRANT LOAN O CONTINUANG FY 88 FY 89 FY 92 Purpose: To assist the Government of Costa Rica (GOCR) in Host Country and Other Donors: This project is closely attaining the socio-economic consolidation of specific areas in related to ongoing and planned host country and other donor Costa Rica's Northern Zone. efforts in the Northern Zone. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for instance, is supporting road Project Description: The Northern Zone of Costa Rica is an construction leading to the project area. Also, the IDB'S area which is not socially and economically integrated with the Increased Agricultural Productivity projcct will provide rest of the country. It includes extensive areas of agricultural technical assistance. The International Fund underutilized lands with considerable agricultural potential. for Agricultural Development will provide small farm credit In response to this situation, A.I.D. has been financing the assistance for traditional crops. Moreover, the GOCR is Northern Zone Infrastructure Development Project (515-0191) in providing local currency counterpart from the P.L. 480 three specific parts of Costa Rica's Northern Zone covering an program for ongoing IDB and A.1.D. projects. area of 260,000 hectares. Begun in 1983, the project is achieving good results, particularly in rural road construction Beneficiaries: Over 40,000 inhabitants of the Northern Zone and community infrastructure development. vill benefit directly from project outputs. Indirect beneficiaries include people providing goods and services to This follov-on project will continue to increase agricultural the project area whose businesses will benefit from economic production and rural development in the Northern Zone by activity in the area. providing funding for: infrastructure activities including feeder road/bridge construction and potable water systems; Ma for Outputs: All Years credit for non-traditional agricultural export products; land Rural roads constructed (Kms) 120 titling; a community development credit fund; and technical assistance and training activities. The project will be Community infrastructure projects con- 70 organized along the lines established under the ongoing pleted (schools, potable water Northern Zone Infrastructure Development project, but systems, etc.) implementation decision making will be decentralized to encourage more active participation of public and private Loans for agribusiness exports approved 3,200 sector groups within the Zone. Land titles granted 1,100 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project supports the Mission's strategy for long-term growth A.I.D. Financed Inputs ($000) through an expanded production base, expanded production Construction work and maintenance 7,800 credit, and increased employment opportunities. It also Credit 3,200 responds to National Bi partisan Commission on Central America Technical assistance/Training 800 recommendations to increase agricultural production and Contingency 700 increase infrastructure. Total 12,500 U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligation Expenditur Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Ministry of National Planning and Economic Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Policy Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futun Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort Proposed Fiscal You 1988 2,400 (L) 425 (G) 19,600 (L) 757G) 112.000(L) 500G 72 AD 3707 (110) 016 MOGRAR: Costa Rica PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Title Funding AG, RO &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source in those of dollar Private Voluntary Organizations- Operational Program Grants 500 FY 88 500 DA Life of Project Funding Continuing Number 519-9999 Population D NEW ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANT D LOAN X CONTINUING FY Continuing FY Continuing FY Continuing Purpose: To promote private voluntary agency participation in Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: The development activities which address the problems and needs of A.I.D. strategy framework is built around the NBCCA the poor in Costa Rica. recommendations pertaining to economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, spreading the benefits of Project Description: Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOS) growth, and the development of democratic initiatives. The working in Costa Rica range from unstructured associations that PVO program contributes to the latter three by: (1) support charity activities to broad-based organizations which Increasing production anong the poor by providing access to carry out development programs involving credit, training, resources; (2) mobilizing private sector resources for technical assistance, rural development and the organization of development; and (3) supporting development of democratic worker-production units. The financial crisis in Costa Rica organizations. has severely limited the ability of the PVOs to raise funds from traditional local sources. In response to this situation, Host Country and Other Donors: The government frequently A.I.D. is supporting: (1) a local PVO Support Organization exempts PVOs from the payment of taxes and permits duty-free (ACORDE) via technical assistance and local currency financing Importation of project commodities. The PVOs themselves from the Economic Stabilization and Recovery programs and; (2) raise funds locally and from foundations and international a multi-year Operating Program Grant (OPG) with the Private coapanies. To receive sub-grants from PACT, U.S. PVOs must Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT) to channel funding to support their individual projects with a minimum 25% U.S. PVOS. contribution from non-U.S. Government sources. The PVO program builds on the achievements of PVOs in Costa Rica in developing effective social service and economic infrastructure, A.1.D. supports successfu? PVOs, particularly those assessing organizational/institutional problems or developing new or revised operational approaches. A.I.D. works with PVOs which are familiar with the country's unemployment problem as well as with the credit, productivity and marketing difficulties faced by the private sector. Projects help the poor to increase their productivity and income through credit, greater access to productive resources, technical assistance and training Beneficiaries: The ultimate beneficiaries of the OPGs are Costa Rica's unemployed or underemployed rural and urban poor. These include members of farmer groups, urban and Tural women's organizations, cooperatives, and groups starting small enterprises. All Years Major Outputs: Subprojects PYO Workshops Trainees x in FY 1988, A.1.D. will provide the final funding Increment for the PACT OPG, and will begin a new OPG in the area of rural development. A.1.D, Financed Inputs: Technical Assistance Training Total ($000) 400 100 500 PY 88 only Principal Contractors or Agencies Private Voluntary Organizations U. S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuro Year Obligations Entimetad Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yes 1988 Continuing Continuing AID 3707 (11-85) 73 500 911 CM FY PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Economic Stabilization and Source the thousands of dollar Recovery VII ESF FY 88 Life of Project Funding 85,500 85,500 Number 515-0236 XINEN Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 88 88 D GRANT FY O LOAN O CONTINUING 89 FY Purpose: To assist the Government of Costa Rica (GOCR) to which are export-oriented; and (b) finance a variety of reduce its balance of payments deficit, improve external debt development-related initiatives. management, stabilize the economy, and reactivate production. Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: The Project Description: In response to the economic crisis of the project resources and the policy leverage that they provide early 1980s, the GOCR implemented programs to stabilize the will contribute to A.1.D.'s top program priorities: economy and set the basis for long-term export oriented consolidating stabilization of the economy; and establishing growth. These programs were supported by large amounts of the basis for growth. ESR assistance will be conditioned on external financial assistance from the International Monetary economic policy reforms to stimulate private sector export Fund (IMF), the World Bank and external creditors. A.1.D. has growth and minimize government intervention in production. played a major support role through the Economic Stabilization and Recovery program. Host Country and Other Donors: Other donor assistance to Costa Rica during 1983-1985 included two IMF Stand-by pro- As a result of these programs and external assistance, the GOCR grans, a World Bank Structural Adjustment Loan and two sets has largely stabilized the economy and reversed the negative of commercial bank and Paris Club reschedulings of external growth trend of the early 1980's. Gross Domestic Product grew debt. The GOCR is currently negotiating for continued 3.5% in 1983-85 after dropping sharply in 1981-82; Inflation financial support from these entities. declined fros over 100% in 1982 to 11.22 in 1985; and unemployment decreased from 9.4% in 1982 to 6.6% in 1985. Beneficiaries: The project will generate increased production Despite the se encouraging trends the economy remains weak and and contribute to overall economic recovery. From that can vigorous export-led growth is only beginning. come greater employment, higher real wages, and continued growth with equity which has been the hallmark of growth in The essential task confronting the recovery program is that of Costa Rica. expanding exports into new markets while saintaining the existing level of real incomes and economic stability. Given Outputs: All Years the high level of Costa Rica's external debt, several more Economic stabilization and growth policies; targets years of external assistance will be required. This program for balance of payments, fiscal deficits, external will allow the GOCR to wake dollar resources available to the debt arrearages and money supply. X private sector to finance the importation from the U.S. of Local currency development projects: loans for essential raw materials, intermediate goods, spare parts and export production; agricultural school; housing other inputs to maintain agricultural and industrial production bank; and road saintenance. X and investment. Local currencies made available by the project will be channeled, within the money supply parameters, to: (a) AID-Financed Inputs: ($000) help meet capital requirements of private sector entities Balance of payments support 85,500 engaged in employment-generating activities, especially those Total 85,500 U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligation Expenditures Unliquidated Central Bank of Costa Rica Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 85,500 85,500 74 Other Throny por tohotoF met Through pre 1207 POYO MOGRAM: Costa Rica AID 370-7 (11-86) 912 El Salvador 75 913 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (519) EL SALVADOR "BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS.MID 1986) 5, 137 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984) COFFEE . COTTON . SUGAR PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 710 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE (1965-84) -0.6% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MACHINERY 286 (1984) 43% (1983) 270 (1985) 44% (1984) 376 39% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 11.3% INTERM. GOODS . PETROLEUM NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1977) 5.8% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 58.0 (1970) TOTAL 54.3 IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 290 (1984) 325 (1985) 490 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 34% (1983) 40% (1984) 37% TRADE BALANCE (8 MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) - 122(83) -95(84) - 189 MALE 55.6 MALE 52.1 FEMALE 60.4 FEMALE 56.4 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1975) TOTAL 62% MALE 66% FEMALE 59% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES GUATEMALA GERMANY, FEDER EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1964) 31.1% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.)... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) -1.8% 194 20.2% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) 21% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 392 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.8% (1978) 2.7% (1996) 2.3% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 39% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 ( 1906) 5 SUBSISTENCE : CORN SEANS-DKY RICE 50% (1985) CASH: COFFEE .COTTON RAW SUGAR 50% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1985) 40.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE ,COTTON ,RAW SUGAR POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 45.3% (15-64YRS) 52.1% (65+ YRS) 2.6% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT ,OIL SEEDS . ANIMAL PROOS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1979) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1980) 3,217 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1979) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE , MALARIA MEASLES-ROUGEOLE . (.) (.) DEATH.. (1981) CONO. PERINATAL , INTESTINAL INFEC, BRONCHITIS & OTH TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( ) (.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) 92% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) ( .) .) C.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUF PLY( 1980) 51% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES ( .) . %(.) • % ( ) % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP ... % (.) % (.) · % PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 93.8 MALE 84.0 FEMALE 85.3 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 10.5 MALE 11.2 FEMALE 10.6 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY (1980) TOTAL 3.0 MALE FEMALE 1.9 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 180 (84) 186 (85) 199 EQUIVALENT TO 1.7 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. (1984) 20.5% 76 } 915 914 EL SALVADOR EL SALVADOR Category Development Assistance Loan Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 83,880 75,457 8,000 8,500 75,880 66,957 FY 1988 (Request) 75,620 0 75,620 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 177,045 0 177,045 0 236, 747 1/31 0 236, 747 151,442 21 200,000 5,000 195,000 0 latroduction In 1987 El Salvador enters the ninth year of a guerrilla insurgency as it continues struggling to recover from the worldwide economic recession of the early 1980s. Those two events significantly reduced the country's foreign exchange earnings and contributed to lowering substantially the Hiving standard of the majority. Between 1979 and 1982, the country experienced a 21reduction in real gross domestic product (GDP), the iting standards of low-income groups fell precipitously, exports declined 383, unemployment and underemployment rose substantially, massive capital filght occurred, and private investment fell by 41%. TOTALS 260,925 463,646 275,620 Historically, El Salvador has exhibited a highly skewed distribution of #faith and political power. Non-democratic political institutions tended to confira social and economic inequalities, and the majority of the country's people were denied the chance to fully participate in the political system and the economy. P.L. 480 49,870 44,666 40,904 Titel 44,000 42,000 35,000 Title 10 5,870 2,666 5,904 TOTALS 310,795 508,312 316,524 Footnotes: 1 The FY 1987 total includes $55 million ESF for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 2 International Disaster Assistance, including $100 million FY 1987 supplemental request. 3/ The above total for ESF includes $1,185,000 in local cost support. El Salvador is, however, making progress in establishing a lasting democratic system and in defending itself against leftist guerrillas. politically, the assumption of office by a popularly elected president in 1984 and elections of a National Assembly and municipal authorities in 1985 completed the transition from a military to a civilian government. Despite the war, the constitutionally elected president has been able to reinforce this transition by exercising firm control over the civilian government, sustaining the momentun of democratic progress, obtaining support abroad, mounting a concerted war offensive, and arresting economic decline. Militarily, a larger, better led and equipped army has seized the Initiative, forcing the guerrillas to shift from large-scale attacks to small-scale acts of sabotage in many areas of the country. Though diminishing, the security problem is still widespread and handicaps economic growth. FY 1986 FY 1987 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category 1988 FY (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 37 35.25 35.25 Foreign National 43 43.0 LOIALS 80 78.25 78.25 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 43 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) A5 TC Total А т Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 8 96 104 284 689 968 368 499 867 Regionale 524 217 741 86 28 114 67 67 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 76 76 18 18 Regional TOTALS 532 382 914 370 793 1158 435 517 952 ain-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programa b Academic: degree veeking Participants funded under regional programs legs CLASP AMDPA NO 3702B) 77 Adding to El Salvador's problems is the October 10, 1986 earthquake, which lett nearly 1.000 dead, approximately 10,000 injured and upwards of 240.000 Without Shelter. The earthquake caused massive damage to infrastructure, public utilities and productive assets, primarily in downtown San Salvador. The damage estimate is $822 million and includes housing for upwards of 40,000 families, 40 public buildings, hospitals, schools, streets, bridges, utilities and light industry. Of importance also is the added destabilization effect of the earthquake on the economy and thus its possible negative effect on the ongoing democratic process. Despite the var and the economic problems, President Duarte was able to organize an earthquake relief effort with the cooperation of the private sector which may help strengthen the democratic process, and to move forward on the planning and implementation of follow-on reconstruction efforts. Substantial assistance will be necessary from the United States and other donors to carry out the long-term earthquake reconstruction program. prior FY. 78 915 EL SALVADOR Introduction In 1987 El Salvador enters the ninth year of a guerrilla insurgency as it continues struggling to recover from the worldwide economic recession of the early 1980s. Those two events significantly reduced the country's foreign exchange earnings and contributed to lowering substantially the living standard of the majority. Between 1979 and 1982, the country experienced a 21% reduction in real gross domestic product (GDP), the living standards of low-income groups fell precipitously, exports declined 38%, unemployment and underemployment rose substantially, massive capital flight occurred, and private investment fell by 41%. Historically, El Salvador has exhibited a highly skewed distribution of wealth and political power. Non-democratic political institutions tended to confirm social and economic inequalities, and the majority of the country's people were denied the chance to fully participate in the political system and the economy. El Salvador is, however, making progress in establishing a lasting democratic system and in defending itself against leftist guerrillas. Politically, the assumption of office by a popularly elected president in 1984 and elections of a National Assembly and municipal authorities in 1985 completed the transition from a military to a civilian government. Despite the war, the constitutionally elected president has been able to reinforce this transition by exercising firm control over the civilian government, sustaining the momentum of democratic progress, obtaining support abroad, mounting a concerted war offensive, and arresting economic decline. Militarily, a larger, better led and equipped army has seized the initiative, forcing the guerrillas to shift from large-scale attacks to small-scale acts of sabotage in many areas of the country. Though diminishing, the security problem is still widespread and handicaps economic growth. Adding to El Salvador's problems is the October 10, 1986 earthquake, which left nearly 1,000 dead, approximately 10,000 injured and upwards of 240.000 without shelter. The earthquake caused massive damage to infrastructure, public utilities and productive assets, primarily in downtown San Salvador. The damage estimate is $822 million and includes housing for upwards of 40,000 families, 40 public buildings, hospitals, schools, streets, bridges, utilities and light industry. Of importance also is the added destabilization effect of the earthquake on the economy and thus its possible negative effect on the ongoing democratic process. Despite the war and the economic problems, President Duarte was able to organize an earthquake relief effort with the cooperation of the private sector which may help strengthen the democratic process, and to move forward on the planning and implementation of follow-on reconstruction efforts. Substantial assistance will be necessary from the United States and other donors to carry out the long-term earthquake reconstruction program, 78 916 917 increased focus on long-term recovery and growth. In FY 1987 the Displaced Persons program (519-0281), for example, will be reoriented from strictly relief assistance toward integrating the displaced into the productive economy and society. The Public Services Restoration project (519-0279), nich contributes to economic stabilization by providing rapid repair of vital public services damaged by the guerrillas, will gradually shift in FY 1993 to longer-term infrastructure rehabilitation. To broaden the base for economic recovery and long-term growth, new initiatives in small business and agricultural diversification will begin. A new Local Government Strengthening project (519-0242), to begin in FY 1987, will provide support to enhance the capacity of municipal governments to plan, finance and carry out public services and small development projects while promoting increased community participation in the decision-making process. special FY 1987 supplemental request is being made for $100 million in additional earthquake disaster assistance and $55 million in ESF ($40 alllion for balance-of-payments assistance, $15 million for projects). The Justification for this request is being provided separately. with political and military progress being made, economic and social progress is critical to the survival of the new democracy. The high unemployment and under employment rate, the high incidence of inflation, and the losses incurred in the earthquake make economic reactivation and resumption of broad-based growth urgent necessities. To help reactivate the economy, the Government of El Salvador (GOES) must quickly implement an earthquake reconstruction program. It must stimulate the private sector to restore production of traditional exports (especially coffee) to pre-1978 levels and develop new exports. It must also consolidate the agrarian reform and improve agricultural sector productivity. The need to follow through on the comprehensive Economic Program (CEP) adopted by the GOES early in 1986, and to provide incentives to the private sector are critical. In the face of social unrest and the added burden of the earthquake, it is uncertain how quickly comprehensive macroeconomic policy changes can be adopted to correct budget deficits, promote exports and enhance the role of the private sector. At the same time, the GOES must address basic human needs. El Salvador, one of the poorest countries in Latin America, has a high population density and natural population growth rate (2.8%), a high illiteracy rate, and poor health and housing conditions. The GOES has resorted to price controls and subsidies on basic food and consumable items to alleviate the burden of inflation on the poor, a course of action which cannot be sustained without negatively affecting economic stabilization. Finally, the underpinnings of democracy must be strengthened. Continued progress in human rights must be maintained, the judicial system reformed, and local government and the legislative branch strengthened. The principal U.Ş. interest in El Salvador is the attainment of peace and political stability. This will require continued military progress, strengthening of the democratic process, equitable economic growth, and implementation of an effective earthquake reconstruction program. Because of its proximity to the United States, El Salvador's problems are of great concern. Outmigration affects the United States directly. Even more important, the progress and outcome of struggle Salvador has had, and will continue to have, repercussions on the evolution of democracy in the region. 1. Economic Stabilization A.I.D.'s first goal is to help El Salvador maintain a modicum of social and economic stability within the context of the armed conflict and the recent earthquake. Some progress toward stabilization has been made. The steep decline in real GDP was arrested in 1983. Growth of aggregate real GDP was 2.32 in 1984, 2.1% in 1985 and was estimated before the earthquake at 1.3% in 1986. This implies, however, a continuing albeit modest decline in per capita income, given the natural population growth rate, estimated to be 2.82. An optimistic goal for 1987 is a per capita growth rate of 1.0% Le aggregate GDP growth of about 3.8%. In 1987, the GOES will still be battling to contain balance-of-payments deficits and inflation. Economic stabilization objectives are addressed by A.I.D. through four programs: (1) balance-of-payments assistance to finance essential imports; (2) restoration of public services, now including an earthquake reconstruction program; (3) economic reintegration of displaced persons; and (4) restoration of functional local governments in former conflict zones. Balance of Payments. El Salvador's economy depends on imports. Because of the growing scarcity foreign exchange, imports declined to less than 25% of COP in 1985, as compared with 44% in 1974-1978. A.I.D.'s ESF Balance of Payments program (519-0328) helps to correct this problem by making foreign exchange available for import of critical raw materials and capital goods. P.L. 480 Title I also contributes by facilitating the import of critical comodities. Through policy dialogue, A.I.D. attempts to shape GOES policy changes to achieve stabilization and lay the groundwork for sustained growth. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s role is to help strengthen the economy and promote El Salvador's democratic development. The goals of U.S. economic assistance are to: (1) stabilize the economy and a deteriorated social and political situation (including earthquake reconstruction starting in FY 1987); (2) facilitate structural adjustments to achieve sustained economic recovery and growth; (3) broaden the benefits of growth for the majority; and (4) strengthen those institutions which underpin the democratic process. These goals are consistent with the recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA). with continued balance-of-payments assistance, dialogue on macroeconomic adjustments needed to further economic stabilization, and an earthquake reconstruction program, the FY 1987 and FY 1988 programs reflect an 79 A.1.0.'s long-term objective is to eliminate the need for compensatory balance-of-payments financing. The short-term objectives are to: achieve per capita GDP growth; help the GOES bring fiscal and balance-of-payments deficits into line with available financial resources; and strengthen GOES procedures for making sound macroeconomic policies. 80 917 increased focus on long-term recovery and growth. In FY 1987 the displaced Persons program (519-0281), for example, will be reoriented from strictly relief assistance toward integrating the displaced into the productive economy and society. The Public Services Restoration project (519-0279), which contributes to economic stabilization by providing rapid repair of vital public services damaged by the guerrillas, will gradually shift in FY 1988 to longer-term infrastructure rehabilitation. To broaden the base for economic recovery and long-term growth, new initiatives in small business and agricultural diversification will begin. A new Local Government Strengthening project (519-0242), to begin in FY 1987, will provide support to enhance the capacity of municipal governments to plan, finance and carry out public services and small development projects while promoting increased community participation in the decision-making process. A special FY 1987 supplemental request is being made for $100 million in additional earthquake disaster assistance and $55 million in ESF ($40 million for balance-of-payments assistance, $15 million for projects). The justification for this request is being provided separately. 1. Economic Stabilization A.L.O.'s first goal is to help El Salvador maintain a modicum of social and economic stability within the context of the armed conflict and the recent earthquake. Some progress toward stabilization has been made. The steep decline in real GDP was arrested in 1983. Growth of aggregate real GDP was 2.3% in 1984, 2.1% in 1985 and was estimated before the earthquake at 1.3% in 1986. This implies, however, a continuing albeit modest decline in per capita income, given the natural population growth rate, estimated to be 2.8%. An optimistic goal for 1987 is a per capita growth rate of 1.0% -- i.e. aggregate GOP growth of about 3.8%. In 1987, the GOES will still be battling to contain balance-of-payments deficits and inflation. Economic stabilization objectives are addressed by A.I.D. through four programs: (1) balance-of-payments assistance to finance essential imports; (2) restoration of public services, now including an earthquake reconstruction program; (3) economic reintegration of displaced persons; and (4) restoration of functional local governments in former conflict zones. Balance of payments. El Salvador's economy depends on imports. Because of the growing scarcity of foreign exchange, imports declined to less than 25% of GDP in 1985, as compared with 44% in 1974-1978. A.I.D.'s ESF Balance of Payments program (519-0328) helps to correct this problem by making foreign exchange available for import of critical raw materials and capital goods. P.L. 480 Title I also contributes by facilitating the import of critical commodities. Through policy dialogue, A.I.D. attempts to shape GOES policy changes to achieve stabilization and lay the groundwork for sustained growth. A.1.D.'s long-term objective is to eliminate the need for compensatory balance-of-payments financing. The short-term objectives are to: achieve per capita GDP growth; help the GOES bring fiscal and balance-of-payments deficits into line with available financial resources; and strengthen GOES procedures for making sound macroeconomic policies. 80 918 In 1986, A.1.0.'s balance-of-payments assistance supported the GOES' Comprehensive Economic Program (CEP). This program included a new unified exchange rate system, reduction of the fiscal deficit, monetary and credit measures designed to control the buildup of liquidity in the economy, and an incomes policy intended to distribute the burden of adjustment. Nevertheless, overall economic performance in 1986 has fallen short of expectations due to bad weather, heavy guerrilla attacks on the power grid which reduced production, poor foreign exchange management, excessive liquidity in the economy, and the destabilizing effect of the earthquake. Consequently, the annual inflation rate has increased to 30%-35% and growth has been slow. In FY 1987 A.I.D.'s Balance-of-Payments program (519-0328) seeks to support adjustments to the CEP, including movement toward a more flexible exchange rate regime, trade liberalization, and public utility rate increases. To adequately support this program, an additional $40 million in FY 1987 supplemental funds are being requested. Restoration of Public Services. A.I.D.'s objective is to assist the GOES to address reconstruction needs caused by years of guerrilla warfare and by the recent earthquake. A.I.D. attempts to counteract the destabilizing effects of guerrilla sabotage by providing quick, interim restoration of public services. A.I.D. helps to maintain vital public services and minimize outages by assisting GOES agencies technically and financially to react quickly when damage occurs. A.I.D. is also helping the GOES with earthquake recovery and reconstruction and, using $50 million in special FY 1986 Disaster Assistance funds appropriated by the Congress. To reinforce these programs, an additional $115 million is being requested for project assistance as part of a separate supplemental request $100 million for earthquake reconstruction, $6 million for PVO earthquake projects, and $9 million for public service restoration. During FY 1986 the Public Services Restoration project (519-0279) provided vital assistance to the GOES' national electric authority, Ministry of Public Works, water authority and national telephone company. A.1.0.- financed helicopter services, repair parts and tools helped minimize power outages despite increased guerrilla sabotage. Three provisional bridge structures were built on national highways, including the largest Bailey bridge in the world (one mile). Heavy equipment purchases greatly augmented rapid repair capability. Displaced Persons. A.I.D.'s long-term objective is to help El Salvador reintegrate its displaced population into the economy. The number of person's displaced by the conflict rose from 25.000 in 1980 to more than 400,000 in 1985 (112 of the population). The GOES lacks the resources to meet the basic needs of these people. Through the Health and Jobs for Displaced Families project (519-0281) and P.L. 480 Title II, A.I.D. is providing assistance for: 16,000-18,000 temporary jobs per month on a rotating basis for some 85,000 family members; daily food rations to 300.000 persons; reduction of malnutrition in displaced children; and support services such as loans, shelter, construction materials, basic tools and equipment. A FY 1986 assessment of the displaced persons program identified an increasing movement by those displaced back to their places of origin. This assessment, which included options for encouraging this "returnee" 1 ft 1 $e Ba C 3 di 81 919 movement as well as for reintegrating displaced persons in their current or nearby locations, is serving as the basis for a phasing-out strategy of A.1.0.'s support to the displaced. National Plan. In 1983, it became clear that military efforts alone were not sufficient to win the war, A National plan was developed to restore and strengthen civil authority in guerrilla-affected areas. It called for intense military action to eliminate the guerrillas, followed by a coordinated effort by GOES ministries to help local authorities restore essential services, promote development in newly secured areas, and form civil defense committees. A.I.D.'s current objective is to help the GOES re-establish and strengthen local government authority and encourage the transfer of leadership to civilian authorities in former conflict zones. Using P.L. 480 and ESF-associated local currency, A.1.0. is assisting GOES efforts to re-establish civil government, implement projects, and train local authorities to provide needed services. Progress until early 1986 was mixed. However, the Plan's coordinating entity, the National Commission on Restoration of Areas (CONARA) was strengthened during 1986, and since then the program has steadily advanced. In recent months, the direct infusion of funds to local municipalities for emergency and restoration projects has stimulated an upsurge in activity. Through August 1986, over 350 small projects had been completed or were being implemented and another 250 were being designed. 2. Economic Recovery and Growth A.I.D.'s second goal is to accelerate economic growth and diversify production to achieve broad-based improvement in the economy. A.I.D. pursues this goal through projects and policy dialogue associated with the Balance-of-Payments and p... 480 Title I programs, including the programming of related local currency generations. Some progress has been made in the industrial sector, growth for 1985 was 1.5% and is estimated to have been somewhat higher in 1986. Although gross agricultural output decreased somewhat in 1985, it also is believed to have grown in 1986. The turnaround is partly attributable to improved private sector expectations as reflected in higher levels of financial savings and investment, increased consumer demand, progress with agrarian reform, and the infusion of U.S. assistance. In 1986, A.I.D.'s policy dialogue contributed to passage of a new Export Promotion law, the establishment of an Export and Investment Promotion Committee, creation of a new insurance program to encourage domestic investment, and the strengthening of banking operations in support of nontraditional exports. While these are positive steps, the GOES needs to further improve investor confidence by increasing emphasis on growth and diversification, and by supporting measures to encourage the private sector, particularly in expanding exports. In FY 1987, A.I.D.'s Balance-of-Payments program will support GOES efforts to enact needed economic policy and stabilization measures. In addition, A.1.D. will continue to provide dollar funding and local currency support for three programs: (1) industrial recovery; (2) agricultural recovery and diversification; and (3) private sector support, including small business strengthening. 82 920 Industrial Recovery. Industrial sector growth averaged 5.9% annually from 1974 to 1978, mainly as a result of exports within the Central America Common Market (CACM) and to other countries. Production and exports have since declined significantly. Manufacturing for export is critical to achieving increases in growth and employment. Notwithstanding the sector's potential, constraints affecting recovery and growth include cumbersome foreign exchange procedures, damaged infrastructure, and risk of guerrilla attack. A.I.D.'s long-term economic objectives are to stimulate employment, as well as to increase foreign exchange earnings, domestic and foreign investment, and per capita income. A.I.D.'s short-term focus is on re-export or "drawback" industries, and on providing incentives to increase private sector participation in the economy. Under the Industrial Stabilization and Recovery project (519-0287), between June 1985 and June 1986, $4.1 million in foreign exchange was generated and 2,400 new jobs were created in export-oriented industry. Complementing this activity, the GOES prepared and passed a new Export Promotion Law in March 1986 designed to broaden private sector participation in extra-regional markets and to permit private sector management of free trade zones. Agricultural Recovery. In addition to continuing support for agrarian reform, A.I.D. is refocusing its agricultural strategy to promote domestic and foreign investment, identify foreign markets, increase technology transfer, and provide credit lines for investment in nontraditional export crops and agribusiness development. A.1.0.'s long-term objectives are to assist El Salvador achieve a 4% sustainable growth rate in the real value of agricultural output and to raise the production of nontraditional export crops by 6% per year. During 1986, A.I.D. policy dialogue with the GOES focused on ways to liberalize coffee export marketing. President Duarte formed two commissions to study alternatives to the GOES' coffee export marketing system through the state marketing board (INCAFE). The Water Management project (519-0303) is focused on high-value irrigated crops and production of certain nontraditional exports, such as melons and sesame. Several new shrimp production projects were also started. Private sector Support. Because of the war and resultant economic risks, private-sector investment growth has been modest since 1982. Increased investment is needed, requiring adequate credit and financial support mechanisms. Credit to the private sector became increasingly problematic, declining from 83% of total available credit in the years before 1979 to 32% in the 1980-1985 period. Contributing factors include reduced credit demand caused by GOES emergency public spending, scarcity of credit for long-term investment in nontraditional exports, and the complexity of the credit system. A.1.D.'s long-term objective is to help El Salvador strengthen its private sector, with emphasis on investment in nontraditional exports outside the CACM. Improvements to the investment climate require the deve lopment of a 83 921 responsive credit delivery system, easier access to foreign exchange, and stronger private sector associations. In the short term, A.I.D. will assist El Salvador to provide credit resources, develop credit facilities for adequate nontraditional export activities, and streamline the credit system. Accomp 11 shments in 1986 include providing $56 million in export-oriented ESF-associated local currency credit lines for the private sector, plus an additional $28 million equivalent related to 1986 Balance-of-Payments (519-0328) assistance. Working with the Central Bank, A.I.D. sponsored the creation of a "one-step" Export Documentation Center to expedite private sector export transactions. An innovative local-currency war risk insurance program was enacted in September 1986 to insure domestic investment against damage caused by terrorism. A $15 million offshore development investment fund was also established to provide credits for domestic and foreign investors in export industries. Small Business. A.I.D. recognizes the importance of small business in reducing unemployment and contributing to improved productivity and income. El Salvador's small business sector is highly developed, and can contribute significantly to overall economic revitalization if the policy framework and incentives are in place. A.I.D.'s programs in this area seek to promote a positive policy and legal framework for small-scale enterprise growth, integrate small-scale entrepreneurs into the local economy, and provide the needed credit to start or expand business activities. A.I.D. promotes small-scale enterprises and small and micro-businesses through FUSADES -- a private, non-profit, non-partisan development foundation -- and other indigenous institutions. In FY 1986, over 26,000 entrepreneurs received business services and training, and over $4.0 million in credit was provided through some 15 local institutions. A small-business sector assessment was carried out in mid-1986 to serve as the basis for better focusing and expanding A.I.D.'s assistance to this sector, 3. Broadening the Benefits of Growth To help the GOES satisfy basic human needs, and in keeping with NBCCA recommendations, A.I.D. is supporting agrarian reform, marginal community and low-income housing development, health and family planning services, and education and training opportunities. Agrarian Reform. Over the long term , A.I.D. seeks to help integrate the agrarian reform and non-reform sectors into a single but diversified export-oriented agricultural economy. In the agrarian reform sector, A.Í.D. has focused on compensation of former land owners, rapid titling of beneficiaries, improvements in the land registry system, clear definition of beneficiaries' rights, restructuring of the agrarian debt, and provision of management assistance and training, primarily through the Agrarian Reform Sector Support (519-0265) and Agrarian Reform Sector Financing projects (519-0307). Local currencies associated with the Balance-of-Payments 84 922 923 program (519-0328) have also been used to meet compensation and program administration costs. The Ministry of Health's current budget for medicines and supplies meets only about 30% of estimated annual requirements. A.I.D. programs have made up some of these shortfalls. Although good data are lacking, it is believed that the deterioration in some key health status indicators has been halted. The agrarian debt was restructured in May 1986. Two new laws, modernizing the land registry system and speeding up the property registration of the new owners, were passed in mid September. The GOES budgeted 209 million colones (equivalent to $48.1 million) for compensation and interest on agrarian reform bonds of former landowners, while A.I.D. programmed 140 million colones (equivalent to $28 million) from 1986 local currency. Most of the Phase I cooperatives (total of 542,044 acres) are expected to be titled by the end of 1986, and the Phase III titling process (total of 240.054 acres) is to be completed by the end of 1987. A September 1986 assessment found some positive trends on the Phase I lands, and indicated that significant increases in production have occurred on individually owned Phase III small farms. A.I.D.'s current efforts emphasize the definition of beneficiary rights and obligations, access to production and investment credit, and improved farm management. Under the Health System Revitalization (519-0291) and Health and Jobs for Displaced Persons projects (519-0281), A.I.D. provides vehicles, critical medicines and medical equipment. Progress has been made in maintenance of equipsent and vehicles, as well as in improving information and management systens. Reported cases of malaria are down 46% from a year ago. The recomendations of a management evaluation of the Health Systems Revitalization project have been followed to speed up pharmaceutical and equipment procurement and to design the follow-on Health Systems Support (519-0308) project begun in late FY 1986. An additional six months will be required to implement the new project because of earthquake damage. Community and Housing Development. The need for housing has increased dramatically, not only because of war-related rural-to-urban migration and the agrarian reform, but also because of the earthquake. The pre-earthquake need was estimated at 40,000 new units in 1986, compared with an annual average of 11,000 units during the 1979-1983 period, while the earthquake has added an additional need of 40.000 units. This combined requirement far outstrips the GOES' and private sector's capacity under existing programs and incentives. A.L.D.'s longer-term objectives are to reduce the need for tertiary and secondary care by strengthening basic primary health care, and to improve management, logistics, maintenance, and other health service support istens. To this end, the new FY 1987 Health Systems Support project (519-0308) is supporting GOES efforts to extend service coverage, particularly in rural areas, to lower health-care costs and to identify cost-effective and sustainable community health care strategies. family Planning. El Salvador's estimated 2.8% annual growth rate continues to exert pressure on already overcrowded land and overtaxed social services. Rural and urban fertility rates are high at 5.6 and 4.3 children Der woman, respectively. The consequences include poor nutrition of pregnant mothers, higher risk of maternal death before or during delivery, and low-birth-weight babies with greater risk of early death. A.1.D.'s objective is to extend voluntary family planning service coverage increasing contraceptive usage and increasing overall couple years of protection (CYP). A.I.D.'s strategy is to promote family planning services in both rural and urban areas by supporting the private sector Salvadoran Demographic Association and ongoing GOES programs, as well as involving International private and voluntary organizations (PVOs) and contractors to Complement these efforts. The GOES is beginning to address the problem by: (1) revising building codes; (2) extending greater autonomy to municipalities; (3) installing water and sewer lines in marginal communities; and (4) initiating small-scale housing projects. In addition, President Duarte is considering the recommendations of a blue-ribbon Salvadoran housing sector commission. A.I.D.'s immediate objective in the shelter sector is to address earthquake-created housing needs. The first activity was a $300,000 Disaster Assistance financed emergency program with the San Salvador municipality, expected to benefit 34,000 people through the provision of basic housing materials, This is being followed by a low-cost housing program financed from the $50 million appropriated for earthquake affected areas. A.1.D. supports the creation of an institutionally self-sustaining housing base by: (1) funding the new National Popular Housing Program, which promotes private sector involvement in low-cost solutions; (2) promoting streamlined administrative procedures; and (3) encouraging the housing finance sector to serve a broader range of beneficiaries. Based on an evaluation of the Housing Guaranty project (519-HG-006), the GOES' Social Housing Fund was identified as a means of seeking broad policy and financial reforms in the housing sector. As a result, assistance is now being provided to this institution by the U.S.-based cooperative Housing Foundation (CHF). Health The health status of the population deteriorated during the early years of the guerrilla insurgency and the economic crisis. GOES austerity measures continue to result in inadequate budgets for hiring needed public health workers and purchasing badly needed medical equipment and vehicles. During FY 1986 the Salvadoran Demographic Association project (519-0275) implemented the recommendations of an evaluation, resulting in achievement of 30,000 CYP under its social marketing program and 60,000 CYP under its medical program. A.I.D. also provided technical and policy assistance, equipment, contraceptives, and training under the population Dynamics project (519-0210) to GOES family planning programs, which helped increase CYP anong Salvadoran couples of fertile age from 320,000 in FY 1985 to 335.000 in FY 1986. Education. As a result of the war, 1,000 schools have been abandoned, the number of teachers has declined, and over 650.000 children (grades 1-6) are not in school. Vocational training has also experienced serious problems, including a shortage of qualified instructors and a lack of linkages 85 86 923 The Ministry of Health's current budget for medicines and supplies meets only about 30% of estimated annual requirements. A.I.D. programs have made up some of these shortfalls. Although good data are lacking, it is believed that the deterioration in some key health status indicators has been halted. Under the Health System Revitalization (519-0291) and Health and Jobs for Displaced Persons projects (519-0281), A.I.D. provides vehicles, critical medicines and medical equipment. Progress has been made in maintenance of equipment and vehicles, as well as in improving information and management systems. Reported cases of malaria are down 46% from a year ago. The recommendations of a management evaluation of the Health Systems Revitalization project have been followed to speed up pharmaceutical and equipment procurement and to design the follow-on Health Systems Support (519-0308) project begun in late FY 1986. An additional six months will be required to implement the new project because of earthquake damage. A.1.D.'s longer-term objectives are to reduce the need for tertiary and secondary care by strengthening basic primary health care, and to improve management, logistics, maintenance, and other health service support systems. To this end, the new FY 1987 Health Systems Support project (519-0308) is supporting GOES efforts to extend service coverage, particularly in rural areas, to lower health-care costs and to identify cost-effective and sustainable community health care strategies. Family Planning. El Salvador's estimated 2.8% annual growth rate continues to exert pressure on already overcrowded land and overtaxed social services. Rural and urban fertility rates are high at 5.6 and 4.3 children per woman, respectively. The consequences include poor nutrition of pregnant mothers, higher risk of maternal death before or during delivery, and low-birth-weight babies with greater risk of early death. A.I.D.'s objective is to extend voluntary family planning service coverage by increasing contraceptive usage and increasing overall couple years of protection (CYP). A.I.D.'s strategy is to promote family planning services in both rural and urban areas by supporting the private sector Salvadoran Demographic Association and ongoing GOES programs, as well as involving international private and voluntary organizations (PVOS) and contractors to complement these efforts. During FY 1986 the Salvadoran Demographic Association project (519-0275) implemented the recommendations of an evaluation, resulting in achievement of 30,000 CYP under its social marketing program and 60,000 CYP under its medical program. A.1.0. also provided technical and policy assistance, equipment, contraceptives, and training under the population Dynamics project (519-0210) to GOES family planning programs, which helped increase CYP among Salvadoran couples of fertile age from 320,000 in FY 1985 to 335,000 in FY 1986. Education. As a result of the war, 1,000 schools have been abandoned, the number of teachers has declined, and over 650,000 children (grades 1-6) are not in school. Vocational training has also experienced serious problems, including a shortage of qualified instructors and a lack of linkages 86 924 between GOES training institutions and private firms needing trained employees. A.1.0.'s principal objectives are to help restore and improve the quality of the primary education system, strengthen and increase pre-employment and vocational skills training programs, and provide training opportunities for business managers, particularly from export firms. Under the Educational Systems Revitalization project (519-0295), A.I.D. has helped the Ministry of Education initiate the construction and reconstruction of 150 primary school classrooms. The project's school construction component will be taxed as a result of the earthquake, which destroyed or damaged 103 schools, or 1,406 classrooms, the majority of which belong to the primary school system. In FY 1987, A.I.D. will assist a Salvadoran private-sector educational foundation to introduce a program of competency-based vocational skills training responding to the needs of the Salvadoran economy for skilled labor. Scholarships. Begun in 1985 with regional funds, the Central American Peace Scholarships (CAPS) program (519-1000) has promoted the progressive, balanced and pluralistic development of El Salvador by exposing potential leaders to U.S. institutions and democratic values, increasing educational opportunities for disadvantaged groups, and countering the Soviet Bloc's investment in scholarships. CAPS is increasing the number of people from among El Salvador's low-income groups trained in leadership and technical skills. Between 1985 and 1989, 2,400 people will have been sent to the United States for specialized technical and long-term academic training. In FY 1986, 137 participants took part in long-term training and 217 in short-term technical courses. To expose these students to U.S. pluralism and democracy in action, "people to people" community visits are included as part of every U.S. program. In addition to CAPS, in FY 1986 173 Salvadorans participated in U.S. and third-country courses in such fields as computer science, electronics, agricultural equipment mechanics, accounting, and marketing. Short-term courses have also been held for small business operators and agrarian reform beneficiaries, mayors, and mid-level public employees in such subjects as general business, cooperative management, community development, and public administration. 4. Democratic Institutions and Human Rights In 1984, Salvadorans elected their first civilian president in over 50 years. with the successful National Assembly and municipal elections in 1985, Salvadorans have chosen civilian officials at every level of government. A.I.D. contributed to these successes and continues to support GOES initiatives in the areas of judicial reform, democratic labor organizations, and political development through assistance to the National Assembly and local governments institutions that are fundamental to an effective, free democracy. 87 925 w Judicial Reform. A cornerstone of democracy is the rule of law, applied equally and fairly regardless of position, wealth or power. In recognition of this, the GOES initiated with A.I.D. assistance a major judicial reform effort. The overall objective of the Judicial Reform project (519-0296) 15 to bring to justice the perpetrators of high-profile crimes and to make fundamental reforms in the justice system itself. A major component of the project is the Revisory Commission for Salvadoran Legislation, which is coordinating the overall program, carrying out analytical studies of the Judicial system, and developing draft legislation. Priority areas include changes in the rules of evidence and criminal procedure, the court system, amnesty, the National Council on the Judiciary, and career status for judges. A second component relates to criminal investigative cases being carried out by the Commission for Investigations which includes a Special Investigative Unit (SIU) and a Forensics unit. The SIU is fully equipped, has undergone extensive training, and is currently working on several high-profile cases; the Forensics Unit will become fully operational early in 1987. i 1 1 Elections and Other Political Development. Despite the war and economic crises, El Salvador has successfully adopted a constitutional, democratic form of government. A.1.D. contributed to the success of the 1984 and 1985 elections by assisting in the development of an automated electoral registry system and arranging for international observers to view the election process. A.1.D. will continue to address electoral registry maintenance and to finance training, public awareness programs, and the introduction of a national voter registration card. Labor Organizations. With prior-year A.I.D. assistance, the American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLO) helped to develop farm worker organizations and to support their role in implementing the agrarian reform program. A new FY 1986, three-year American Institute for Free Labor Development (519-0321) project continues support to the rural union movement and to agrarian reform. Under the new agreement, greater support will be provided to democratic urban trade unions through developmental, administrative and institution-building activities. Human Rights Commission. The Human Rights Commission of El Salvador was set up in August 1983 to promote greater awareness of and respect for human rights. The Commission has given Salvadorans a means of communicating to the GOES, without fear of retribution, their suspicions of abuses by government forces or guerrillas, and an investigative mechanism for determining whether GOES forces have been involved in cases of disappearance or other abuses. A.1.B.'s long-term objective is to help the Commission increase awareness of human rights issues, both inside and outside the GOES. To this end, A.I.D. assistance serves to bolster sensitivity to human rights in a civil strife situation, and to make known methods of recourse for violations. Strengthening Local Governments. A.I.D. is strengthening the democratic process by supporting GOES efforts to devolve more authority to municipalities and to increase the capability of local governments to provide services to their citizens. 88 927 926 Democratic Institutions (Judicial Reform Project, Judicial System Support) 4.04 Advance Working Capital Fund 3.63 During FY 1986, A.I.D. began an effort to develop a municipal development institute and a municipal fund. In 1987, the Local Government Strengthening project (519-0242) will be initiated to assist the GOES to formulate the legal and procedural framework needed to grant more municipal autonomy. Technical assistance will be provided in the areas of municipal revenue generation and resource management. Training in planning and management skills, financial management and project design will also be provided to enable municipal officials to provide effective community services. Ordinary Budget Support (Operating Budget, Agrarian Reform Compensation) 94.04 Trust Fund (GOES-A.I.D.) 5.00 Reserve Funds 6.24 Total $328.83 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 requires that A.I.D. submit to the Congress special comprehensive reports on assistance provided to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following information on FY 1986 assistance to El Salvador is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement. A. Training. A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 914 participants from El Salvador in the fields of agriculture (340), industry (105), labor (41), health and family planning (12), education (131), public administration (243), housing and community development (4), and other (40). D. Reprogramming of Funds for El Salvador during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. (Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document.) (5000) TOTAL ARON PN HE EHR SDA ESF B. The types of goods attributed in FY 1986 to ESF cash transfers to El Salvador are as follows: - Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 258,143 29,470 4,673 19,250 16,455 11,250 177,045 Types of Goods (5 millions) -Actual FY 1986 Obligations 260,925 29,470 6,673 19,250 16,455 12,032 177,045 Raw Materials Intermediate Goods Capital Goods Spare Parts Agricultural Inputs Petroleum $ 5.60 25.70 17.10 1.05 8.20 90.67 [ Funds and programs provided to El Salvador in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-Governmental (5 Millions) Total $ 148.32 Government of El Salvador (5 Millions) DA ESF $23.1 10.0 (27.52) (5.6%) C. Local Currency. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to El Salvador was allocated by A.I.D. and the GOES in FY 1986 as follows. (There was a total of $147.53 million in local currency available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986, and an equivalent of $181.3 million was added during FY 1986.) PL 480, Title I PL 480, Title II TOTAL (72.5%) (94.4%) (100.0%) 5.9 $39.0 $ 60.8 167.0 44.0 $271.8 (100.02) (12.57) (87.5%)* Amount ($ millions) Category Economic Stabilization (National Plan, Public Service Restoration, Displaced Persons) $ 34.70 Although DA, ESF and P.L. 480 resources were provided primarily through government channels, the private sector and the general population were the major beneficiaries of these funds and programs. DA government channeled funds financed agricultural credit and technical assistance, private enterprise development, health and education improvements, and improved economic planning. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed to support the Salvadoran business sector and, in part, generate emergency electrical power. P.L. 480 Title I included food and other priority imports which directly and/or Indirectly benefited the overall population. Also, the equivalent of $215.88 alllion in local currency associated with ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources directly or indirectly benefited the private sector and the general population, as summarized in paragraph C. above. 150.39 Economic Recovery (Private Sector Credit Lines, Other Donor Counterpart, Agricultural Sector and Planning Support) Broadening Benefits to the poor (Agrarian Reform, Education and Social Sector Support) 30.79 89 69-533 0 - 87 - 30 90 927 Democratic Institutions (Judicial Reform Project, Judicial System Support) 4.04 Advance Working Capital Fund 3.63 Ordinary Budget Support (Operating Budget, Agrarian Reform Compensation) 94.04 Trust Fund (GOES-A.I.D.) 5.00 Reserve Funds 6.24 Total $328.83 D. Reprogramming of Funds for El Salvador during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. (Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document.) (5000) TOTAL ARDN PN HE EHR SDA ESF -Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 258, 143 29,470 4,673 19,250 16,455 11,250 177.045 -Actual FY 1986 obligations 260,925 29,470 6,673 19,250 16,455 12.032 177,045 E. Funds and programs provided to El Salvador in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-Governmental ($ Millions) Government of El Salvador (5 Millions) $23.1 10.0 (27.5%) (5.6%) DA ESF PL 480, Title I PL 480, Title II TOTAL $ 60.8 167.0 44.0 (72.5%) (94.4%) (100.0%) $39.8 4100.0%) ( (12.52) $271.8 (87.577* *Although DA, ESF and P.L. 480 resources were provided primarily through government channels, the private sector and the general population were the major beneficiaries of these funds and programs. DA government-channeled funds financed agricultural credit and technical assistance, private enterprise development, health and education improvements, and improved economic planning. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed to support the Salvadoran business sector and, in part, generate emergency electrical power. P.L. 480 Title I included food and other priority imports which directly and/or indirectly benefited the overall population. Also, the equivalent of $215.88 million in local currency associated with ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources directly or indirectly benefited the private sector and the general population, as summarized in paragraph C. above. 69-533 0 - 90 928 FY 1988 Program 1 For FY 1988, A.I.D. requests $200 million in Economic Support Funds (ESF), $75.62 million in Development Assistance (DA) (ARDN-$27.4; PN-$1.1; HE/CS-$23.4; EHR-$10.84; SDA-$12.88), and $40.9 million in P.L. 480 resources to continue stabilization efforts and help the Salvadoran public and private sectors continue the processes of recovery and growth essential to achieving long-term stability and equitable development. The proposed application of these resources is summarized below. I. Economic Stabilization. In FY 1988, $183.5 million in ESF, $6.0 million in DĀ THE/CS-$5.0; SDA-$1.0), and $35 million in P.L. 480 Title I resources are requested. For Balance of Payments Support (519-0328), $164.5 million is needed, which together with P.L. 480 Title I commodities should facilitate a positive per capita growth rate and the importation of essential commodities, and capital equipment. This assistance will support adjustments to the GOES Comprehensive Economic Program introduced in 1986, with anticipated emphasis on a more feasible exchange rate regime, trade liberalization, and public utility rate increases. The Reform and Policy Planning project (579-0260) will require $1.0 million in DA funds (SDA) to support the GOES economic planning unit. Project funds of $19 million ESF are requested for the new Public Services Restoration and Rehabilitation project (519-0320) to support both near-term and longer-run rehabilitation of public services damaged by the guerrillas. A $5 million DA (HE/CS) amendment is also planned to the displaced Families (519-0281) program to assist in the resettlement of those displaced by the conflict. 1 ) Economic Recovery and Growth. In FY 1988, $9.476 million in DA (ARDN-$8.201, SDA-$1.275) and $11.0 million in ESF project funds are requested to further stimulate private sector recovery and development in industry, agriculture and agribusiness. Funding of $5.0 million DA is needed for continuation of one new planned FY 1987 initiative: Agribusiness Development (519-0327) . One new FY 1988 project is proposed-- Industrial Parks/Infrastructure (519-0323) with $6.0 million in initial ESF funding to provide technical and capital assistance for development of infrastructure facilities for export-oriented business. The remaining funds are required for the ongoing Industrial Recovery project (519-0287), $5.0 million ESF, and Water Management Project (519-0303), $2.724 million DA, as well as $1.75 million DA for private voluntary organization grants (OPGS) and Program Development and Support. Broadening the Benefits of Growth. DA funds of $53.994 million (ARDN-$16.3, PN-$1.7, HE/CS-$18.4, EHR-$10.844, SDA-$7.35) are requested in FY 1988 to support continuation of agrarian reform, health and family planning, education and training, community and housing development, and special development activities including small business strengthening. In agrarian reform, $15.3 million is requested for the Agrarian Reform Sector Financing project (519-0307) and for management assistance and training provided by a U.S. PVO, Technoserve (519-0312). These projects, together with program development and support and local currency related to the ESF Balance-of-Payments and P.L. 480 Title I programs, will continue to assist the GOES to implement the agrarian reform and support other reforms intended to increase productivity in the reform sector. 91 929 In health and family planning. $12.0 million is needed to continue the Health Systems Support project (519-0308), and $5.0 million to initiate a Potable Water/Environmental Sanitation project (519-0324) that will extend potable water to underserved areas. In addition, $1.4 million will support OPGs to Save the Children (519-0300), other private voluntary organizations, and Program Development and Support, while $1.1 million will support ongoing family planning efforts. In education and training. $5.5 million in ESF funds will support continued participation by El Salvador in the CAPS program. DA (EHR) funds are needed for ongoing activities: $6.925 million for the Education Systems Revitalization project (519-0295), $3.5 million for the planned FY 1987 Training for the private sector Development project (519-0315), and related Program Development and Support funding. In Selected Development Activities (SDA), $5.0 million is needed to finance the new Small Business Assistance project (579-0318) to expand small business outreach by supporting promising institutions. In addition, $2.35 million will support new private and voluntary organization OPGs and Program Development and Support activities. Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. In FY 1988, $6.15 million in DA CARDN-$2.9; SDA-$3.25) are requested. Continuation of the FY 1987 Local Government Strengthening project (579-0242) will require $3.25 million for technical and management assistance. The ongoing cooperative agreement with AIFLD (519-0321) will need $2.9 million. Regional funds and local currency will be programmed to support ongoing legislative strengthening and judicial reform activities. Mission Director: Robin L. Gomez 92 931 SUNKART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN EL SALVADOR GIS C88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LPT OF PY OP LOP 1 INITIAL PINAL PLANNED OBLIG OBLIG AUTHO -PMROUGN PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 9 -91780 - ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED F987- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -1180 -PROPOSED TOI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 400 *23 350 800 477 617 511-0114 L 78 78 SKALL PARN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 2.300 2.300 1,303 --- 2.300 427 65 --- --- 80 US 750 750 28s -0 750 168 --- 00 .. --- --- --- 58 7.000 1.000 --- --- --- 7.000 --- ... --- --- ... 1,475 79 --- ... 80 AGRARIAN REFORM ORGANIZATION 11.384 11.750 10.734 630 --- 30 OS 6.325 $325 6.325 2198 490 1.352 --- 250 DO 930 1.116 1 2.606 --- 9 519-0265 83 AGRARIAN REPORN SECTOR SUPPORT 87 12,257 10,200 7,200 ' 3.458 3.000 1.262 2.057 4,400 200 2.280 31-0265 L 63 AGRARIAN REPORN SECTOR SUPPORT 87 38,500 30.000 22.000 16,601 000 6.703 8,500 17.500 1.696 6 82 85 S19-0236 RURAL SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPNENT-OPG 3.250 3.250 3.250 1.372 --- 473 --- 672 226 9 82 AGRARIAN REFORM • AIPLO, OPG 98 3.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 3.001 . --- . 95 83 --- . 1.900 1.900 600 277 1.300 --- 764 80S 519-0303 JATER MANAGEMENT 85 38 13.744 18.744 005 --- 8,220 226 4.300 13,456 2.726 6.000 86 89 50.000 --- 6.900 --- 000005 18.000 14,800 15.000 93 HOUSANDS EVO 0 Pue ..EAU FOR LÁTIN ARIC. AVO N CARI.SEIN EL SALVADOR PROJECT NO. AND TITLE INITIAL OILIG PINAL OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD - TNROUGN FYS- DILIG- ex eN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL Y.. OSLI- EEN ATIONS OTTURES OSTIATED PT7- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PRO.Oseo PVS- OILI- ATTONS OITURES . 1.OSO OPO ...30 6.050 5.600 1.500 2.000 1.500 1.600 G 2.900 1.500 2.900 2.900 51 P-0327 ASR7SUSINESS DEVELOPIENT 87 . 68 12.000 2.000 1.000 5.000 3.500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 256.360 223.769 147906 29.470 11.753 33.371 72.57. 27.401 32.620 POPULATION PLANNIN: CO00-15 G 76 C 418 305 100 111 200 200 100 100 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT G JS 88 3.525 --- 4.373 10.184 10.000 25 1.086 1. Soo 1.000 3.000 3 90 6.073 8.073 8.073 2.360 2.000 1.300 2.000 2. 413 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 10.016 2.665 6.673 18.257 18.073 1.436 1.236 3.700 1.100 5.513 GRANTS 10.016 2.665 18.257 15.073 6.673 1.436 1.286 3.700 1. 100 5.513 --- --- LOANS 5 74 C 1.539 056 550 S02 374 OS 600 600 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 0000-435 2.097 1.51 6 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1 319-0229 SNALL PRODUCER DEVELOPMENT 559-0229 SMALL PRODUCER DEVELOPMENT 2920-615 1 519-0263 AGRARIAN REPORN CREDIT SI-0263 AGRARSAN REPORN CREDIT 80 85 81.500 81.500 81.300 71.982 6020-615 31-0300 SAVE THE CHILDREN - OPG 519-0307 AGRARIAN REPORN SECTOR PINANCING 31-0312 VEM TECHVOSERVE 51-321 AIPLO - 36 GRANTS 23.722 9.905 21.470 5.936 24.071 44.1.2 27.601 30.780 LOANS 115.676 96.219 140.634 132.550 124.196 104,591 ..ODO 5.617 6. SOO 28,436 1.340 31-0210 POPULATION OYNANICS 519-0275 SALVADOR AN DEMOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION -OPS ALTN 51-0000 'Roboch Color hthora de 931 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 319 EL SALVADOR -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PYBB- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PY OF SY OF I INITIAL PINAL G OSLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNES AUTHO PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1.600 1.500 1.500 2.000 1.050 2.500 38 36 2.900 1,500 2.500 6.350 6.050 5.400 S 36 86 3,500 5.000 2.000 1.000 87 89 12.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 256,360 228.769 44.142 26,871 3.936 100 100 200 200 POPULATION PLANNING 418 305 100 6 74 1.000 3.000 1,500 1.036 25 --- 4.573 3.525 35 88 10.184 10.000 2.613 3 33 8.073 8.073 1.100 5,513 1.236 3.700 1.436 6.673 2,665 10.016 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 18,257 13.073 5.513 1.100 3.700 1.286 1.436 6.673 2.665 10.016 00 --- --- 13.257 18.073 GRANTS --- 00 LOANS 400 600 950 376 S02 850 958 31-0312 NEW TECHVOSERVE OPG 517-0321 AIFLD • JPG 517-0327 3 AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPENT 27,401 32.620 72.57% 33.371 11,753 29.470 147,906 30,780 27, 401 21,470 9.905 23,722 1.840 GRANTS 3.500 28,436 5.817 115.676 95.219 140.634 132.350 8,000 104,591 126,186 LOANS 519-000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 6 31-0210 POPULATION DYNAMICS 2.000 2.000 1.300 2.360 6.073 51-5275 SALVADOR AN DEMOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION -OP MALIN 1.539 517-0000 ROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 'Roten to the planned pro 94 Culo offerte "Yol potion col-A recolomhion Mon Dec 31,1700 Fedha hion des Dec 31, 13 the PY of fuel tonlod author and date. 932 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) SUTEAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARSASEAN $10 EL SALVADOR 9 • LFY OF FY OP LOP ! INITIAL FINAL PLANNED QOLIG AVTND CP 86 91100 -THROUGN FYGS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91780 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED FY7- OBLIG- ERPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY&B- OBLIG- EKOEN AT IONS DITURES 12.445 9,665 1.025 82 MEAL IN JOBS FOR DISPLACED G 83 MEALIK SYSTENS VITALIZATION 154 3.000 676 6,620 000's 85 6.000 5.000 12,225 12,225 12,225 893 1620-615 3,067 SO- 5.104 ו 83 -- 85 2.000 HEALTN SYSTENS VITALIZATION 23.380 23. 400 23,340 10.184 - .. 0050-615 5,357 6 3.886 35 2.500 866 868 --- --- 360 . 350 90 500 518 60.000 48.000 -0. 14,900 --- 1350-615 --- --- 6.306 12.000 06 8,000 35.000 16.000 Otable, LATERTENYIRONMENTAL SANITATION --- --- --- --- --- 0005 3.000 9 MATERNAL ! CMILO MEALTH PRON. 220 220 220 --- ... . STRENGTHENING REMAD SERVICES OPG --- --- 220 280 --- ... --- ... 280 280 --- --- --- --- 280 8466-615 6 79 C PRIVATE AND VOL. ORGANIZATIONS, OPG --- --- --- --- 500 <30 300 500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 28,113 25,810 CNILD SURVIVAL PUND DOO 2.500 1820-€15 82 2.000 NLALIN JOIS FOR DISPLACED PANILIES --- --- --- 1.000 325 1.000 1.100 PAS 95 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 519-0281 PANILIES 319-0291 SAVE THE CHILDREN - OPG 31-0308 MLALIM SYSTENS SUPPORT 519-0329 519-0330 33. 169 94,638 12.189 19,250 10.100 12.166 23.040 GRANTS 13,600 16.789 2.005 121.238 71.238 23.380 23,400 19.250 LOANS 5,243 12.166 23.380 24.154 10.186 18. 400 5.857 3.986 cotone, 91 ...to thered to OU OOO 933 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BU LAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN CP 38 51 EL SALVADOR -PROPOSED PY&S OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN FYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . LOP PLANNED AUTNO L FY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL 8 OBLIS OILI: PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 900 932 932 35 3,000 BB G 6.000 1.000 2.000 --- 3 36 12.000 93 5,000 5.000 3.932 1.825 --- --- 5.000 5.000 3.932 1.825 -- GRANTS 16,932 200 LOANS 1.000 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 2.250 1,500 372 840 1.076 763 74 C 500 --- 250 1.000 - --- --- --- --- 97 1.000 12.000 6.925 10.000 2.639 15,200 1.622 8.725 95 40.600 37.600 --- 1.300 --- 3.000 1.000 --- 70 5.000 ; 25 YOUTM ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOP OOS --- --- --- --- 3.000 3.450 --- 1.000 2.000 --- 37 15.000 3 OOO 250 --- 150 615 36 --- --- --- ... 415 615 --- ... --- --- 1.500 500 G 87 2. 136 99 --- 25 s --- 350 375 --- ... --- 3 77 C 519-0300 SAVE THE CHILDREN - OPG S1-0303 REALTN SYSTEMS SUPPORT 16.932 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 51:2000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AN SUPPORT 317-3242 37 LOCAL GOVERNTEKT STRENGTHENING 51295 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS PEVITALIZATION 517-0911 51-515 TRAINING FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 517-9310 i *USADES A550. STRENGTHENING 2.130 517-1033 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 517-9979 PRIVAT! ANO VOL. ORGANIZATIONS, 05 'Roten to the planned project 96 Curd of offert wettely FY of Fine brigation coun-Al presa in the cenith initiation des tetora December 31, 100 donatoriedare fed proteineltion dous Decor 31, the FY of lotion i do 934 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 36 -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED FY87 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 16.455 13,452 14,750 10.844 19.775 LOANS 16,655 1.994 13.452 14,750 --- 10.844 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!S 19.775 --- G 74 с 6.028 1.977 2.365 1.783 2.347 3.500 1,275 C 2.500 1,465 1, 205 350 217 350 70 400 10.000 350 --- 600 --- 30 ככ2,0 93 1.000 3,250 955 955 955 3.000 487 --- --- --- 59 --- 30 35 409 28.430 28.430 28,430 --- 23.335 95 ... 30 38 -- 10.055 2.135 6,570 2.196 2.232 316 2.203 32 88 2.000 1.000 24.035 26.03s 21.460 2.000 2,460 2.625 6,883 --- 16.085 85 85 652 500 500 500 --- 180 --- 35 88 320 --- 3.000 3.000 1.000 --- 1.300 227 20 1,400 1.000 1.000 650 390 .. --- 1,236 350 108 350 87 1.490 390 330 42 60 --- --- 95 1.100 190 500 BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN 51? EL SALVADOR PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF FY OF LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNE G OBLIG OBLIG AUTO -THROUGN FY&S: OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 64,133 38.015 9.801 1,129 GRANTS 64,153 38.015 9,801 1.129 519-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 519-0094 6 75 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 517-0242 3 87 LOCAL GOVERNMENT STRENGTHENING 519-0250 G PUBLIC SECTOR BMPLOYENT 51-0256 L PUBLIC SECTOR ESPLOYMENT 51-0260 G REFORM AND POLICY PLANNING 519-0281 HEALTN/ JOBS FOR DISPLACE FANILIES 519-0302 G INI. EX. SERVICE CORP. OPG 31 P-0304 6 URBAN SMALL BUSINESS, OPG 51 P-0311 85 YOUTN ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOP OPG 517-0316 25 FUSADES ASSOC. STRENGTMENING 'noter to the planned prophet 97 Cuawl datort tivity FY o find obtion coma - AB project in the colonie den before December 31, 1186. bodo tuttorad date Po potwith ciondolo Docente 31, the FY and on istud on. planned dote ABRICA CARIOSO SALVADOR PRACT NO. ANO TITL! LOP PLANNED - THROUGH INITIAL INAL OBLIG- EXPO ACTUAL OSLIO- ootare.- 935 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) SUZSAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES • L PY OF PY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OLIG OLIG LO PLANNED AUTNO 5.000 3,000 10.000 89 1.000 1.500 2.500 2.500 2.500 500 500 500 --- --- 500 37 1.000 500 1.000 1.300 1.500 2.750 --- --- --- --- 79 C ij 12,875 17.080 26,654 11.250 9,968 12.032 36,660 53.033 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 93.015 69,165 12.375 17.030 26,654 11.250 9,073 12.032 3,325 34,608 GRANTS ... 95 66.555 40.735 ze.430 28.430 25.630 28.335 LOANS --- 500 500 1.000 .. --- --- C . 2.534 1.000 --- OOO 2.169 9.000 3,297 80 35 9.000 9.000 DOO 11.000 20.000 35.000 16,915 20.000 16,457 66,600 32 37 86,600 66,650 200 290 --- 50 13, 400 13,060 92 37 13,400 13.400 6,060 8.545 ... 6.070 3.045 6,890 20.500 ez 83 23.545 23.945 5.000 7.000 17.000 8.000 6, 207 7.000 947 9,460 88 29,460 16,660 6.067 --- 6.000 517 --- --- 654 9,234 9,236 9,234 98 cu olafton FY-Alprothcomithilion done befor Decor 31, 1900 Perda do Doce 1.100 FY linalotion bated on EL SALVADOR $1? PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 511-0318 SNALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE 511-C321 3 HIFLO • JPG 317-0322 o STALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT PG 6 519-9999 PRIVAT! AN VOL. 07 JANIZATIONS, OP3 ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 517-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPENT AND SUPORT 519-0229 6 SKALL PRODUCER DEVELOPUENT 19-0279 PUBLIC SERVICE RESTORATION 517-3277 L PUBLIC SERVICE RESTORATION 517-02:1 . HEALTH JOBS FOR DISPLACED FAMILIES 517-0237 6 IND STABILIZATION/RECOVERY 3 94 85 517-02? JUDICIAL REFORM 'Nofon to the planned propa on the thorodde 936 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 519 GUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN EL SALVADOR L FY OP PY OF I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 86 6 OS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS SUPPORT 51-0316 6 85 PUSADES ASSOC. STRENGTHENING - ESTIMATED FY87- OGLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 160.000 190.000 190.000 40 40 85 -PROPOSED FYB8- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 100.000 30.000 90.000 517-0320 SUBLIC SERVICES RESTORATION/RENALILITATI 90 60.000 25 ... --- --- 19.000 1 17.000 319-0323 INDUSTRIAL PARKS/INFRASTRUCTUR E 2.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.000 519-0323 . 88 INDUSTRIAL PARK S/ INFRASTRUCTUR 10,000 1.000 .. --- .. ... .. --- 5.000 2.000 1986 ESP JALANCE OP PAYNENTS PROGRAM 471.500 117.000 --- --- 117.000 70,000 197.000 197.000 G 87 87 166,500 164,500 1.185 1.135 .. 6 90 --- --- 1.135 17.562 --- --- 1.185 --- --- 2.562 2.000 G 79 C S. 500 6.000 ... --- --- ... 1.000 3.500 3.500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 271.579 200.000 221,607 271.289 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 519-0310 519-0328 51-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 319-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 319-9999 PRIVATE AND VOL. ORGANIZATIONS, OPG 928, 326 266.194 137.305 177.045 187,930 GRANTS 236.747 232.794 LOANS 905, 126 431.064 23, 600 13.400 126,245 177.045 187,380 13.400 236,747 13.060 50 195.000 219,607 290 5.000 2.000 31.PY LATIN A.GICA EL SALVADOR РАЗЛестно. ANTOL! é VO IVIT AL PINAL SOLIS DOLIG LO PLANNIO AUTHO -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- OKEN- UTIONS DITURES OOLIS ATIONS -ESTINATIO FYT- OLTO- IDEN ATIONS Olyuees -PROPOSED PYS.- OLIS- ORPEN- ATIONS DITURES CONTO TOTAL TOTAL 121991 1912 TR 70 71 937 CP 86 PROJ:C' NO. ANTIL: L SY OF RY OF I IVIT: AL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTO -THROUGM FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 270.620 323,373 6.340 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUSAUFGR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIS! EAN 51? EL SALVADOR COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 1.519.361 893,124 535.126 200.925 223,101 312,204 419.126 275,620 329,713 GRANTS 345.730 148,276 252.925 211.362 303,704 386,514 1.303,067 699,344 215.99 197.790 LOANS 199.394 156.170 8.000 11,819 8.500 32.612 5.000 'hotented proje 100 Cuad ottenedorty Y final conco-All probable colith indore torbe 31,10ood on stored for project widmine on December 31, 10th FY Timotion to todo. podcu. 938 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Potable Water Project Source in modo toller DA 5,000 FY 88 Lito of Project Funding 5,000 35,000 Number 519-0324 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Completion Estimated Final Obligation Date of Project E GRANT O LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 90 Project Purpose: To improve the health of the Salvadoran private sector for designing and installing water systeas. The population by introducing safe water supplies and providing Ministry of Health will also be responsible for laplementing a health education courses to seet-urban and rural communities, health education program in all the communities where water including displaced persons camps and areas of relocation. systems are installed. FY 93 Project Description: Despite ample water resources within the Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This country and large amounts of rainfall each year, over 40% of Project is consistent vith, and supportive of, the A.I.D. the Salvadoran population lacks access to potable water. In country strategy, in particular the goal of broadening the addition, much of the population having access to potable water relies on public water systems which are unreliable and at benefits of growth and increasing the opportunity of the poor. times unhealthy. As a result, diarrheal diseases and other Host Country and Other Donors: The Governaent of El Salvador 111nesses traceable to an unsanitary water supply plague the population. will provide the personnel and logistical support to laplement In 1985, diarrheal disease was the most prevalent the project, through ANDA and the Ministry of Health. transmissible disease in the country and a leading cause of infant death. Beneficiaries: Poor, seni-urban and rural communities will benefit through an laproved, sanitary water supply. Currently there are two government agencies responsible for the country's water supply: the National Water and Sevage Major Outputs: All Years Administration (ANDA), responsible for the water supply in urban and semi-urban areas; and the National Plan for Rural Wells drilled and hand pumps installed 2,200 Sanitation (PLANSABAR), a division of the Ministry of Public Small water systems installed 150 Health responsible for rural water supply. With respect to the urban water supply, the economic situation and institutional A.I.D. Financed loputs: weaknesses of ANDA have precluded the expansion and upgrading Life-of-Project (5000) of systems to accommodate population growth and population shifts. PLANSABAR's ability to respond to the rural populace's Technical Assistance 2,000 needs has been slatlarly taxed. Accordingly, this project has Equipment and Materials 24,750 been designed to assist the Government of El Salvador in Labor 8,000 responding to requests for water systems in rural and Training 250 semi-urban areas. Technical assistance, equipment and Total 35,000 materials will be provided to install small water systems, drill wells, and install hand puaps. A pilot activity in FY 1987 will establish the methodology and serve as the basis for design and implementation of this project in FY 1988. In addition, the project will establish the capacity in the U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligation Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 5,000 (6) 30,000 35.000 1988 101 AID 3707 (11-95) GEM CV ne OH 5.000 TO 19 10.000 PY 39 CO.. HA 5.000 (0) MATA OLA DOO Purpose! To increase employment and 1ncome Opportunities for the lower and middle income segment. of El Salvador's population through small scale private business. X NEW MORA EL SALVADOR menali Tulness MODlota 519-0318 Goren PY Promote the Geonomie recovery of El Salvador and provide a solotanee to the small business sector, which 1. largely coposed of low and middle income segments of the population. 939 . 0, < FY 89 FY 92 PROGRAR EL SALVADOR PLANNED PROGRAM BUIMARY SHEET Funding AG, RDAN Health Small Business Assistance Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION fie chorende of dole SDA FY 88 5,000 (G) Life of Project Funding 10,000 (G) Number 519-0318 Gd NEW Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion 5,000 (G) Date of Project GANTO LOAN CONTINUANG FY B8 Purpose: To increase employment and income opportunities for promote the economic recovery of El Salvador and provide the lower and middle income segments of El Salvador's assistance to the small business sector, which is largely population through small scale private business. composed of low and middle income segments of the population. Project Description: Currently there are many public and Host Country and Other Donors: The project will reinforce the private efforts designed to support small scale enterprises in Government of El Salvador's objective to Increase the number of El Salvador. Though some of these are effective, their overall small entrepreneurs. The project will complement efforts made impact is not thought to have achieved the objective of In this area by the Salvadoran financial system which has been maximizing the contribution of this sector which represents instructed to set aside 1oz of its credit assistance for small more than 80 percent of the businesses registered in El businesses. Other international institutions such as the IDB Salvador. These activities are diffused, underfunded and often have expressed interest in providing resources to assist El times redundant. In addition, due to lack of integration they Salvador's small business sector. These other donor efforts do not provide the real range of support services required to will be utilized to further the objectives of the proposed make a full contribution towards the viability of a small project, as appropriate. business. Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries will be Salvadoran The proposed project has four objectives: (1) to better small scale entrepreneurs, as well as approximately 20,000 Integrate small scale entrepreneurs into the local economy by lower and middle income workers filling newly created job providing technical assistance, training, and guidance needed opportunities. to run their operations efficiently; (2) to provide small businesses with the financial resources they need to start new Major Outputs: All Years operations and/or expand their current one; (3) to promote a positive GOES policy and legal framevork for small scale New Small businesses established X enterprises, and (4) to strengthen the capacity of private Existing businesses expanded X sector associations to serve the small business sector. Small business associations strengthened X Improved legal framework X The overall impact of this project will be the increase in the Credit programs strengthened х number of new small businesses and the expansion of existing sball scale enterprises with the concomitant generation of A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project income and employment. A further benefit of the project will (5000) be a greater degree of collaboration among the public and Technical Assistance 2,500 private Institutions involved in the small business sector. Training 2,500 Credit 5,000 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The TOTAL 10,000 proposed project is consistent with A.1.D.'s objective to U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Asociacion Nacional de Industriales (ANDI) Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yeer 1988 5,000 (G) 5,000 (G) 10,000 (G) 102 AD 3707 (11-05) 941 FY 88 EL SALVADOR PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding JAG, RO IN Mealth MOTORED OBLIGATION Souro ESF the added Industrial Parks and Infrastructure 1,000 (G) FY 5,000 (L) Life of Projna Funding 5,000 (L) 88 1,000 (6) 10,000 (L) 2,000 G) ED. & NR Population WNER Sol. Act Initid obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion 519-0327 Dota of Proin 89 GRANT LOAN FY O CONTINUING FY 92 Project Purpose: To support the development of export Relationship Oiro ect to 1.1.D. Country Strategy: The Industrial parks in order to increase foreign exchange earnings Mission's assistance objectives relating to El Salvador's and employment opportunities in El Salvador, economic recovery and growth emphasize the development of labor-intensive export assembly and processing industries. Project Description: El Salvador's economy needs to shift This project is thus consistent with the A.I.D. Mission's further from Import substitution to export-led growth, using Country Strategy and will constitute & Bajor effort toward labor-intensive manufacturing activities if it is to stimulating permanent private sector eaployment and increasing successfully attain renewed and sustained development. In export earnings, investment, and per capita incore. making this transition, El Salvador has several advantages: an easily trained, highly productive labor force; a strong Host Country and Other Donors: Sone local currency investaent entrepreneurial tradition; abundant energy; recent legislation credit 11nes have also been made available for FPZ which promotes free processing zones (FPZs); and private sector development. Private sector investors and developers are also programs which provide technical and marketing assistance to expected to contribute to the project. In addition, the World entrepreneurs interested in penetrating new markets. Lacking, Bank is considering a loan to El Salvador for industrial however, is the existence of efficiently managed Industrial Investment. parks which offer investors preconstructed industrial shells, adequate utilities, and other support services. Beneficiaries: The project will benefit Salvadoran or foreiga investors seeking to generate new export production in an This project proposes to make available flexible financing for atmosphere more conducive to International market requirements phased FPZ development by the private sector. Currently, there and the Salvadoran labor force. 18 no foreign exchange financing available to the private sector in El Salvador to cover major expenditures for power and Major Outputs All Years communications equipment, water and waste disposal systems, or Private FPZs developed in phased, flexible design X other infrastructural needs of FPZ8. Nor is the government in Newly created job opportunities X a position to provide these. A neu credit mechanism will be developed for the disbursement of the project's loan funds for A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life-of-Project financing imported infrastructure equipment required for new (3000) FPZ facilities. These resources will complement other Technical Assistance 1,000 financing put up by private sector investors and developers. FPZ Promotion/Training 1,000 The grant resources will fund technical assistance for Investment Credit for Infrastructure and Equipment 10,000 professional PPZ management and promotion to help ensure that Total 12,000 the developeent is carried out and administered in a prudent and cost-effective manner and that the facilities and services are responsive to FPZ tenants' needs. 940 U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollar) Principal Contractors or Ando Obligations Expandero Unliguldased Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 9 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future You Obligation Extended Totel Cost hopood Fiscal Y 1988 1,000,0001L 5,000(L) 1,000 G 10.000(L) 2.000 (G) 103 AJO 3707 (11-88) WOOD OLIGATOR Publse Services Restoration and FY 08 19,000 Trading 60.000 Nr 519-0320 InitObligation Estimated Fincromotion Duse of Throne Crimes Completion GRANT OLOAN CONTINUING FY 88 FY 90 FY 21 Purpose To assist the Government of El Salvador (COES) in the restoration of essential public services and vital Infrastructure in The eat tasted capital requirements for rehabil1 tation of a minimal selected areas of the country and to initiate the upgrading or number of key infrastructure works is in exces of $50 million. However, in order to begin to address rehabilitation needs and to rehabilitation of Infrastructure that has become inadequate due to prevent further deterioration of selected infrastructure, the deferred maintenance and population growth. project proposes an initial funding level of $19 million ($12 million to continue public services repairs and restoration and $7 Project Description: Since 1981, A.I.D. assistance in million for rehabilitation and replacement of infrastructure). Infrastructure has focused on: (1) emergency atop-gap seasures needed to keep systems operational in the face of sabotage; and (2) This project 1. Relationship of Project of A.I.D. Country Strategy those modest public works projects that could be carried out through Labor-intensive employment generation projects. The Public Services consistent with and supportive of A.I.D.'s strategy for economic Restoration Project (519-0279) and local currency effort. have stabilization and recovery in El Salvador, and it has been assigned contributed significantly to meeting short-ten, emergency a higher priority due to damage from the October 1986 earthquarke. Infrastructure requirements. However, there is now an urgent need to go beyond the scope of these programs and carry out major Host Country and Other Donors: The GOES will contribute significant rehabilitation and infrastructure expansion activities. resources to support this project. Activities funded by the IDB will complement the proposed project's highway rehabilitation Beneficiaries will be broadly distributed as road base to rapidly degrade due to water penetration. benefits accrue to transportation, Industrial and commercial sectors. repaire soars as the requirement changes from patching of surface Major Outputs: pavement to the reconstruction of the road base. Similarly, the hundreds of temporary repairs to steel electric 11 ne tovere using All Years vooden utility poles that are more vulnerable to store damage and Road repair and replacement .pontaneous failure now require reconstruction of towers at key Electrical system repairs and rehabilitation X locations 1f the GOES is to ensure reliable electrical power in many Water system repair and rehabilitation Maritime Infrastructure rehabilitation х areas of the country. Export and customs facilities rehabilitation Other governmental Infrastructure works that play a key role in the A.I.D. Yinanced Inputs: econoay and that have deteriorated due to Insufficient budget Life of Project resources include maritime, airport and customs facilities. The Technical Assistance (3000) extent to which these facilities are unable to handle the flow of 5,000 goods into and out of the country is an impediment to economic 55,000 66,000 recovery and to the growth of export-oriented industry. Principal Contractor or Agencie Obligatione Ministry of Public Works Through September 30, 1986 Salvadoran Electric Authority (CEL) IF Year 1987 EL SALVADOR PLANNED FROGRAMSUNLARY SHEET AGROAN EST Infrastructure Rehabilitation 19,000 Population ED.HR Sal ACL efforts. A prime example of the consequence of deferring maintenance due to Insufficient budget resources is the eroding highway system. Beneficiaries: Potholes have gone without repair for extended periods, causing the The cost of Commodities Total US FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Expenditure Unliquidated Terme Ollantione Estimated to 07 941 EL SALVADOR PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET COMAN Tide Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source fla thousands of dollar Public Services Restoration and ESF Infrastructure Rehabilitation FY 88 Life of Project Funding 19,000 19,000 60,000 Number 519-0320 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act NEW Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 7 GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 90 FY 91 Purpose: To assist the Government of El Salvador (GOES) in the The estimated capital requirements for rehabilitation of a minimal restoration of essential public services and vital infrastructure in number of key infrastructure works is in excess of $50 million. selected areas of the country and to initiate the upgrading or However, in order to begin to address rehabilitation needs and to rehabilitation of Infrastructure that has become inadequate due to prevent further deterioration of selected infrastructure, the deferred maintenance and population growth. project proposes an initial funding level of $19 million ($12 million to continue public services repairs and restoration and $7 Project Description: Since 1981, A.I.D. assistance in million for rehabilitation and replacement of infrastructure). infrastructure has focused on: (1) emergency stop-gap measures needed to keep systems operational in the face of sabotage; and (2) Relationship of Project of A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project is those modest public works projects that could be carried out through consistent with and supportive of A.I.D.'s strategy for economic labor-intensive employment generation projects. The Public Services stabilization and recovery in El Salvador, and it has been assigned Restoration Project (519-0279) and local currency efforts have a higher priority due to damage from the October 1986 earthquarke. contributed significantly to meeting short-term, emergency infrastructure requirements. However, there is now an urgent need Host Country and Other Donors: The GOES will contribute significant to go beyond the scope of these programs and carry out major resources to support this project. Activities funded by the IDB rehabilitation and infrastructure expansion activities. will complement the proposed project's highway rehabilitation efforts. A prime example of the consequence of deferring maintenance due to insufficient budget resources is the eroding highway systea. Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries will be broadly distributed as Potholes have gone without repair for extended periods, causing the benefits accrue to transportation, industrial and commercial sectors. road base to rapidly degrade due to water penetration. The cost of repairs soars as the requirement changes from patching of surface Major Outputs: pavement to the reconstruction of the road base. Similarly, the All Years hundreds of temporary repairs to steel electric line towers using Road repair and replacement X vooden utility poles that are more vulnerable to storm damage and Electrical system repairs and rehabilitation х spontaneous failure now require reconstruction of towers at key Water system repair and rehabilitation X locations 1f the GOES is to ensure reliable electrical power in many Maritime infrastructure rehabilitation х areas of the country. Export and customs facilities rehabilitation X A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Technical Assistance Commodities Total Life of Project (5000) 5,000 55,000 60,000 Other governmental infrastructure works that play a key role in the economy and that have deteriorated due to insufficient budget resources include maritime, airport and customs facilities. The extent to which these facilities are unable to handle the flow of goods into and out of the country is an impediment to economic recovery and to the growth of export-oriented industry. U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Propond Fiscal Year 1988 $19,00n (G) $41,000 Unliquidated Principal Contracton or Agencies Ministry of Public Works Salvadoran Electric Authority (CEL) Estimated Total Cort $60.000 104 NO 3707 (11-06) 942 896 FY 88 PLANNED OGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD IN Heith MOTOSED OBLIGATION Private Voluntary Organizations Sovra fin hoender DA 500 500 HEA Lito el project Funding 1.000 SDA Continuing Number 519-9999 Population ED.HR Sol. Act Initid Oslotion Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project ORANTO LOAN CONTINUING 1,000 FY Continuing FY 79 FY Continuing Protect Purpose: To use the expertise and experience of U.S. Host Country and Other Donors: Participating PVOS ontribute and Salvadoran private voluntary organizations (PVO) In the 25 percent of the resources devoted to their projects. In line design and implesentation of innovative development activities. with the Mission's PVO strategy, a new TY 1987 Small Business Assistance Project (519-0318) vill employ a variety of Project Description: The support of PVOs has, and will Salvadoran PVOs and private educational foundations to provide continue to be, an important elesent in A.I.D.'s overall training and technical assistance to small and aicro economic and social development strategy in El Salvador. U.S. entrepreneurs throughout the country. The Government of El and Indigenous PVOS play an integral role in promoting A.I.D.'s Salvador contributes through provision of technical assistance objectives in the areas of private sector and community or in-kind contributions to a nuaber of these projects. development, democratic labor organizations, agrarian refora, health and family planning, and humanitarian relief Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries of PVO-implemented projects are assistance. During FY 1988, A.I.D. will continue projects vith almost exclusively the urban and rural poor. Save the Children, which is implementing an integrated rural development project in eastern El Salvador that involves Major Outputs All Years expansion of rural water systems and establishment of a community banking systea; vith Technoserve Inc., which Trained Promoters and volunteers X provides agrarian reform cooperatives vith technical assistance Strengthened Local PVOS and training in management, leadership, and finance; and with Junior Achievement of El Salvador, which sponsors programs to A.I.D. Pinarced Inputs Life-of-Project give high school students direct exposure to the free (3000) enterprise system. Several PVOs, including Project Hope, World Relief, and the Overseas Education Fund will continue to be Institutional Support 1,500 TY 88 Only active in providing humanitarian as well as development-oriented technical assistance and training under the Health and Jobs for Displaced Persons Project (519-0281). Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy The activities described herein are consistent with A.1.D.'s objective to assist the Governsent of El Salvador to reestablish economic growth with equity, while maintaining support for economic, humanitarian, social and democratic Institutions and programs. The participation of u.s. and local PVOs is expected to enhance the equitable distribution of the benefits of economic growth. Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollar) Obligation Expenditures Through September 30, 1996 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligations Proposed Fiscal Yeu 1988 Continuing Estimated Tou Cout Continuing X NEW NAME EL SALVADOR 1,500 AID 370-7 (11-85) 105 Guatemala 107 876 Guatemala 107 W6 945 COUNTRY: (520) QUATEMALA FY 86 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA "BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) MAJOR EXPORTS(1984) COFFEE . COTTON . SUGAR PER CAPITA QNP .......... (DOLLARS, 1984) 1. 160 2.OX 408 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 9.4% 435 (1985) 40% (1985) 407 39% EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) (1984) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 42% (1984) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)MFRD. PRODUCTS ,MACHINERY IMPORTS FROM U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 365 (1984) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 40% (1964) . TRANS EQUIP. NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1980) 9.5% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN VEARS (1986) TOTAL 69.6 MALE 57,5 (1970) TOTAL 53.0 MALE 51.4 (1985) 37% (1985) FEMALE 61.9 FEMALE 55.7 43% TRADE BALANCE S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) ADULT LITERACY RATE 34(84) (1973) -52(85) -12 TOTAL 46% MALE FEMALE 39% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES ,EL SALVADOR GERMANY FEDER • AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1904) 16.5% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (S MILLIONS, U.S.).. (1984) 198 (1976-1985) -3.1% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO)... (1984) 16.0% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1985) 26% •SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / 50 KM OF AQRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 239 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.6% (1970) 3.3% (1986) 2.5% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS ..(1970) 36% (1986) 42% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 7 (1986) SUBSISTENCE : CORN ,RICE ,PULSES 5 50% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,COTTON ,BANANAS 35% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 28.ox MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE .COTTON , BANANAS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 44.6% (15-64YRS) 52.3% (65+ YRS) 3.1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1988) WHEAT OILSEEDS , ANIMAL PROOS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 68 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ........ (1979) 57% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1982) 1,833 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S NILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE .) (1961) 899 (82) 881 (83) 874 DEATH.. (1981) INTESTINAL INFEC, PNEUMONIA CONO. PERINATAL TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) 1.434 (82) 1.290 (83) 1, 192 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 08% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1901) -535 (82) -417 (83) -310 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE VATER SUPPLY 1981) 82% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1977) 12.1% (78) 10.0% (79) 10.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF ON (1977) 1.4% (70) 1.2% (79) 1.2% PRIMARY...... (1982) TOTAL 65.9 MALE 70.2 PEMALE SECONDARY .... (1902) TOTAL MALE PEMALE or ICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1970) TOTAL MALE FEMALE SSILLIONS. US, (1903) 232 (04) 207 () 323 TOUIVALENT TO S. MONTHS Or 16.7 IMPORTS GNOROV PRONONIO A. Or CORUPTION OT 7 296 . 99 561 នី TOTALS Forvign National U.S. National Category Esclader TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hour Actual) FY 1986 37 20 Toted full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, excest property, and IC perronnel PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES 30 18.75 18.75 FY 1988 Footnotes: International Disaster Assistance The above total por ESF includes $225,000 in local cost support. /_The total includes reobligation of $1,750,000 deobligated in FY 1986. request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. The FY 1987 total includes $40 million Por the FY 1987 supplemental ND 37020) prior FY. Regiondie Bilaterald Regionale Bilateral U.S. Porticipants Category blendemic: degree veeking TOTALS Third Country Participants AV during the FY & carryovero stili in training from the ola-training refer to the sum of participant new starts 121 841 65 828 FY 1986 Total 893 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA A 109 70 122 808 (Estimated 874 38 28 FY 1987 Total 930 41 A 1069 132 1387 1359 T (Request) FY 1988 28 Total 1517 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) 1 Tparut 48.75 L861 13 155,509 CLASS, AMDP) Participants funded under regional programs eg, d Participants funded under bilateral programa Technical: non-degree seeking 2861 Ad 53 OE SC997 (2Sanbey) 137,201 945 CUATEMALA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) Estimated) 36,881 33,301 5,871 7,435 31,010 25,866 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 33,300 7,500 25,800 98,787 1/31 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 47,850 23,925 23,925 80,000 0 80,000 98,787 15 2 3 5:23 22 ---:** -ai**---*** osat NOR 10 - TOTALS 84,746 41 132,088 113,300 P.L. 480 20,867 23,421 23,901 Title 1 15,400 19,000 18,000 Title 11 5,467 4,421 5,901 TOTALS 105,613 155,509 137,201 Footnotes: 1/ The FY 1987 total includes $40 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 21 International Disaster Assistance 31 The above total for ESF includes $225,000 in local cost support. 47 The total includes reobligation of $1,750,000 deobligated in FY 1986. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 20 18.75 18.75 Foreign National 37 30 30 IQIALS 57 48.75 48.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. 乃 ​' PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated (Request) Ab TC Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 65 1828 893 122 808 930 75 1359 1432 Regional 56 70 98 57 57 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 3 38 41 28 28 Regionale 3 3 TOTALS 121 841 962 195 874 1069 132 1387 1517 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovert still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe bAcademic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programs (onge, CLASP AMDP). AID 370-2 (880) prior FY. 109 946 947 GUATEMALA by another 21 to 3% in 1986. The debt and balance-of-payments problems severely liait the ability of the government to reverse the downward economic trend and to broaden the base of the economy. Guatemala's population of 8.4 million is growing at over 3% each year and if left unchecked, will reach 13.5 million by the year 2000, further burdening already inadequate and under-financed social services and eroding per Capíta GDP Responding to the urgent need to halt further deterioration of the country's economy and to restore real growth, the Cerezo government introduced an economic stabilization package of monetary and fiscal reforms in June 1986. The reforms include simplification of the exchange system, restrictive monetary policies to curb inflation, new revenue measures, the lifting of price controls on many products and more flexible management and pricing on others, preservation of the government investment budget while restraining overall expenditures, initiating a process of reducing regulatory constraints to exports and investment, and establishment of a pore flexible interest rate policy. The government plans further policy refore actions to set the stage for sustainable private-sector-led growth. It also recognizes the importance of the population growth problem and is offering family planning information and assistance on a variety of voluntary methods through the Ministry of Health's network, complemented by services and information provided through various private organizations. Introduction Following Guatemala's successful entry into the ranks of democratically elected Latin American governments, the Cerezo Government faces the task of consolidating the country's democratic decision-making process while demonstrating the ability of constitutional government to manage and revitalize a seriously ailing economy. Guatemala's economic crisis is severe, deeply rooted and reflective of the crises throughout Central America. In recent years, the terms of trade for Guatemala's principal commodities have worsened and export performance has been weak. Domestic and foreign investment dried up in the face of political instability and counterproductive economic policies. Prior government policies produced overvalued exchange rates, pricing distortions throughout the economy, declining public sector revenues, and an inflation rate which reached historically high levels in 1985. Real per capita income in Guatemala has declined to the levels of the early 1970s. Since assuming office in January 1986, the Cerezo government has moved quickly to put in place a comprehensive stabilization program and establish the policy base for renewed growth. It is facing an up-hill battle, however, as it attempts to reduce the fiscal deficit, halt inflation, bring external payments into balance, and deal with the substantial short-term debt it inherited. Preliminary indicators show progress in achieving these objectives. The government realizes that its popular mandate and inherent weaknesses in the economy require that it consolidate the early gains and move quickly to improve the business climate for investment and exports. Guatemala's considerable potential, coupled with one of the highest per capita gross domestic product (GDP) levels in Central America, belles a severely unbalanced distribution of income and widespread poverty. The top fifth of the population receives an estimated 57% of total national income. Land ownership is also skewed. While 75% of the land is farmed by its owners, some 84% of arable land is owned by less than 12% of the population. Approximately one-third of the nation's 8.4 million citizens reside on poor or too small farm land, principally in the densely populated western highlands, and have limited access to balanced nutrition as well as education and health services for even basic needs. Only about 46% of the adult population is literate the second lowest rate in Latin America. This rate is even lower in the rural areas. Infant mortality is 68 per 1,000 on the average but 150 in some rural communities. The national average life expectancy of 61 years is also considerably lower for rural dwellers. Guatemala's economic crisis has exacerbated the inherent weaknesses in the economy and caused further deterioration in the standard of living of most Guatemalans. Real per capita GDP declined by almost 5% in 1985 and perhaps Like the rest of Central America, Guatemala's importance to the United States derives foremost from its geographic proximity. Guatemala's maintenance of a free, stable and friendly democratic government is central to strengthening a commonality of interests regarding regional stability, free trade and control of illicit drugs. Restoring economic growth, reducing unemployment, and improving living standards remain critical ingredients to overcoming a still-threatening Marxist insurgency. The Guatemalan economy, which currently accounts for close to 40% of the Central American GOP, also represents an important market for U.S. exports and direct investment. A. I.O. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.1.D.'s strategy for assisting Guatemala to solve its major development problems follows the framework set out in the report of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA). The NBCCA strategy establishes four principal goals -- achieving economic stabilization, building a foundation for long-term growth, providing equity in the distribution of economic benefits, and fostering democratization. To address these goals, A.I.D.'s program in Guatemala focuses on; (1) achievement of balance-of-payments equilibrium; (2) increased exports, incomes and productivity; (3) broader, more efficient delivery of basic social services; (a) greater accessibility by all Guatemalans to voluntary family planning services; and (5) strengthened democratic institutions. Central to A.1.0.'s strategy is policy dialogue on economic reforms. This dialogue has focused on exchange rate unification, import parity pricing, positive market rates of interest, and budget reform. Preliminary indications are that stabilization reforms taken to date are having their 110 111 947 by another 2% to 3% in 1986. The debt and balance-of-payments problems severely limit the ability of the government to reverse the downward economic trend and to broaden the base of the economy. Guatemala's population of 8.4 million is growing at over 3% each year and if left unchecked, will reach 13.5 million by the year 2000, further burdening already inadequate and under-financed social services and eroding per capita GDP. Responding to the urgent need to halt further deterioration of the country's economy and to restore real growth, the Cerezo government introduced an economic stabilization package of monetary and fiscal reforms in June 1986. The reforms include simplification of the exchange system, restrictive monetary policies to curb inflation, new revenue measures, the lifting of price controls on many products and more flexible management and pricing on others, preservation of the government investment budget while restraining overall expenditures, initiating a process of reducing regulatory constraints to exports and investment, and establishment of a more flexible interest rate policy. The government plans further policy reform actions to set the stage for sustainable private-sector-led growth. It also recognizes the importance of the population growth problem and is offering family planning information and assistance on a variety of voluntary methods through the Ministry of Health's network, complemented by services and information provided through various private organizations. Like the rest of Central America, Guatemala's importance to the United States derives foremost from its geographic proximity. Guatemala's maintenance of a free, stable and friendly democratic government is central to strengthening a commonality of interests regarding regional stability, free trade and control of illicit drugs. Restoring economic growth, reducing unemployment, and improving living standards remain critical ingredients to overcoming a still-threatening Marxist insurgency. The Guatemalan economy, which currently accounts for close to 40% of the Central American GDP, also represents an important market for U.S. exports and direct investment. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.1.D.'s strategy for assisting Guatemala to solve its major development problems follows the framework set out in the report of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA). The NBCCA strategy establishes four principal goals achieving economic stabilization, building a foundation for long-term growth, providing equity in the distribution of economic benefits, and fostering democratization. То address these goals, A.I.D.'s program in Guatemala focuses on: (1) achievement of balance-of-payments equilibrium; (2) increased exports, incomes and productivity; (3) broader, more efficient delivery of basic social services; (4) greater accessibility by all Guatemalans to voluntary family planning services; and (5) strengthened democratic institutions. Central to A.I.D.'s strategy is policy dialogue on economic reforms. This dialogue has focused on exchange rate unification, import parity pricing, positive market rates of interest, and budget reform. Preliminary indications are that stabilization reforms taken to date are having their 111 948 949 (520–0286) began providing the necessary organizational strengthening and support to rural cooperatives to compete more effectively in export markets. intended effect. After an initial price surge brought on by the relaxing of price controls, prices have stabilized and real interest rates are positive. The exchange rate is stabilizing, and Guatemala will surpass its target of a budget deficit reduction to 2.5% of GDP. A.I.D.'s dialogue on sectoral policies has also achieved results. Bilingual education is now standard in Guatemala's elementary schools, and Guatemala's new constitution recognizes family planning as an individual right. 1. Economic Stabilization In FY 1987, A.1.D. will continue to support organization of rural groups through a new Agricultural Diversification project (520-0349), which will concentrate on a series of services to fruit and vegetable farmers to improve their productivity and marketing. A.I.D. will also finance a Tertiary Roads project (520-0352) which will link farm-to-market access roads to the national paved road network. The successful voluntary land transfers under the Pilot Commercial Land Markets project (520-0330) will be continued under project 520-0343. Finally, the small and Medium Enterprises project (520-0341) will complement macro-economic reforms aimed at stimulating private sector growth by helping target enterprises address marketing, borrowing, export and tax constraints. 3. Spreading the Benefits of Growth A.I.D.'s objective of achieving broader participation in development depends heavily on the expansion of the human resource base through programs in improved education and health, as well as increased employment opportunities. Guatemala is expected to face a serious foreign exchange shortage through 1989. Accordingly, A.I.D.'s objective is to assist the Government of Guatemala (GOG) to achieve balance-of-payments equilibrium. A.I.D. provided almost $48 million of Economic Support Fund (ESF) assistance during FY 1986 to support the newly elected government's stabilization policies aimed at reducing fiscal and external imbalances. Local currency provided under this ESF program was used by the government to support ongoing GOG rural development programs. In addition, $16.4 million of P.L. 480 Title I resources provided further balance-of-payments support. Local currency generations were used to support activities to stimulate agricultural production and rural development. In FY 1987, A.I.D. will provide $56 million in support of the GOG'S continuing economic stabilization program, involving additional adjustment measures designed to improve the environment for investment. In addition, a supplemental request for Central America designates an additional $40 million to support the GOG's stabilization program. Finally, $19 million in P.L. 480. Title I resources is planned to finance imports of essential agricultural commodities (e.g. wheat and vegetable oil), with local currency generations financing agricultural and rural development activities. 2. Economic Growth A.1.D.'s objective of increased rural incomes and productivity depends heavily on offering greater incentives for small farmer production through reduced marketing costs, expansion of agricultural processing facilities, and access to low-cost appropriate technology, land and credit. In the agricultural sector, A.I.D. has provided assistance to small farmers, with emphasis on the rural indigenous poor in the western highlands. Under the Small Farmer Diversification Systems project (520-0255), farm models have demonstrated appropriate technologies for increasing production and diversifying from traditional cropping patterns to higher value fruit and vegetable crops. The Highlands Agricultural Development (520-0274) and other projects have increased small farmer production and income through the introduction of small-scale Irrigation, land terracing, and access road construction. The ongoing Penny Foundation Pilot Commercial Land Markets project (520-0330) has facilitated productive voluntary agricultural land transfers. The Agribusiness Development project (520-0276) is assisting the private sector to develop agricultura! processing industries to provide larger and higher value markets for small farmer produce. During FY 1986 the Cooperative Strengthening project In the education sector, A.1.D. has assigned high priority to improved literacy through both formal and informal education. Evaluations of past A.1.D. efforts in bilingual education have led to expanded project activities by A.1.D. and increased support from the Government, 1.e., the national constitution has approved bilingual education and the GOG has appointed 150 bilingual teachers - 24% of all new primary school positions in FY 1986. The project will more fully integrate the rural indigenous population into national life and provide them with increased access to economic opportunities. New funds during FY 1986 under the Altiplano Higher Education project (520-0304) will provide assistance to a local private university to help the adult indigenous population of the western highlands to acquire advanced educational skills in order to be more competitive in the workplace. In FY 1987, the Primary Education Management improvement project (520-0320) will assist the Ministry of Education to improve the administration and supervision of primary education programs. In the health sector, complementing United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) efforts, A.1.0. has increased Its support for child survival through a project that addresses both immunization and oral rehydration therapy needs of the most at-risk population, i.e., children five years of age and under, and pregnant women. To supplement activities preventing childhood diseases and build on lessons learned from evaluations of earller A.I.D. programs, potable water and environmental sanitation systems are being provided. In FY 1987, the new Primary Health Care project (520-0358) will strengthen the Ministry of Health's capacity to efficiently carry out child survival initiatives, as well as to install water and environmental sanitation systems. Several selected development activities seek to increase rural income and productivity through increased employment opportunities, on or off the fara, and development of labor-intensive enterprises. The Rural 112 113 949 (520-0286) began providing the necessary organizational strengthening and support to rural cooperatives to compete more effectively in export markets. In FY 1987, A.I.D. will continue to support organization of rural groups through a new Agricultural Diversification project (520-0349), which will concentrate on a series of services to fruit and vegetable farmers to improve their productivity and marketing. A.I.D. will also finance a Tertiary Roads project (520-0352) which will link farm-to-market access roads to the national paved road network. The successful voluntary land transfers under the Pilot Commercial Land Markets project (520-0330) will be continued under project 520-0343. Finally, the small and Medium Enterprises project' (520-0341) will complement macro-economic reforms aimed at stimulating private sector growth by helping target enterprises address marketing, borrowing, export and tax constraints. 3. Spreading the Benefits of Growth A.I.D.'s objective of achieving broader participation in development depends heavily on the expansion of the human resource base through programs in improved education and health, as well as increased employment opportunities. In the education sector, A.I.D. has assigned high priority to improved literacy through both formal and informal education. Evaluations of past A.L.D. efforts in bilingual education have led to expanded project activities by A.I.D. and increased support from the Government, i.e., the national constitution has approved bilingual education and the GOG has appointed 150 bilingual teachers - 24% of all new primary school positions in FY 1986. The project will more fully integrate the rural indigenous population into national life and provide them with increased access to economic opportunities. New funds during FY 1986 under the Altiplano Higher Education project (520-0304) will provide assistance to a local private university to help the adult indigenous population of the western highlands to acquire advanced educational skills in order to be more competitive in the workplace. In FY 1987, the Primary Education Management Improvement project (520-0320) will assist the Ministry of Education to improve the administration and supervision of primary education programs. In the health sector, complementing United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) efforts, A.1.0. has increased its support for child survival through a project that addresses both immunization and oral rehydration therapy needs of the most at-risk population, i.e., children five years of age and under, and pregnant To supplement activities preventing childhood diseases and build on lessons learned from evaluations of earlier A.I.D. programs, potable water and environmental sanitation systems are being provided. In FY 1987, the new Primary Health Care project (520-0358) will strengthen the Ministry of Health's capacity to efficiently carry out child survival initiatives, as well as to install water and environmental sanitation systems. Several selected development activities seek to increase rural income and productivity through increased employment opportunities, on or off the farm, and development of labor-intensive enterprises. The Rural women. 113 951 950 Congressional leadership to meet with U.S. and European legislative leaders to observe their processes and exchange ideas. The Regional Administration of Justice project (597-0002) was expanded to include an initial $1.2 million for Guatemala to finance training, advisory, and extension services, and a sector assessment during FY 1987. Electrification project (520-0248) has connected 45 communities in 1986 to open up sites for small rural enterprises, and the Rural Enterprises project (520-0245) has processed over $2 million in more than 2,000 subloans to small businesses. The Private Sector Development Coordination project (520-0337) initiated activities to strengthen the wool industry of Momos tenango (the principal artisan craft of that area), and three new vegetable freezing plants initiated operations at the beginning of 1986, creating over 200 jobs. In FY 1987, capitalizing on experience to date, A.1.D. expects to introduce a new private sector project to provide credit, technical assistance, and other support to small- and medium-sized enterprises, and to support the creation of a duty-free export processing 84 1985 International Security and Development Cooperation Act, Section 109 Reporting Section 109 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of FY 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.1.0. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following information on assistance to Guatemala in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: zone. A training. A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 962 participants from Guatemala in the fields of natural resources development and management (80), small enterprises (89), rural health promotion (298), cooperative administration (245), community development (73), esport-related areas (60), agricultural development (15), public health (14), business administration (14), computer sciences and electronics (20), industrial development (5), education (3) and other (46). A.L.D. also supports the development activities of U.S. and Guatematan private and voluntary organizations (PVOs). TWO U.S. PVOS Cooperative For American Relief Everywhere (CARE) and Catholic Relief Services (CRS) are working on improved water supplies, sanitation practices and nutrition, as a complement to their P.L. 480. Title II food distribution programs focused on maternal and child health. A.I.D. signed an agreement in FY 1986 with a U.S. PVO, Private Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT) to assist ASINDES, an indigenous umbrella PVO organization representing a large number of U.S. and Guatemalan PVOs, to provide technical assistance and training to member groups and to finance small PVO projects directly related to rural development and income generation. In population planning. A.1.0. seeks to expand the information and services base to support the GOG's voluntary family planning program. This is to be accomplished by promoting knowledge of voluntary family planning methods and improvement of delivery systems throughout the country, especially among the rural indigenous population where birth rates and mortality rates are highest and contraceptive user rates are lowest. The private sector is the principal implementor of the voluntary family planning program, while the GOG provides complementary services and a favorable environment within which the private sector can function. In FY 1987 A.I.D. intends to continue working closely with the GOG. private sector, and other donors to strengthen the delivery of voluntary family planning information and services. 1. The types of goods attributed to ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Guatnala in FY 1986 include capital equipment, raw and construction materials, and spare parts, all for the private sector. The program is too fer for information to be available as yet on dollar values for these eligible categories of items. C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Guatemala was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Guatemala for the following uses in FY 1986 (56 million was available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986 and $66.9 million was added during FY 1986.) $(millions) Construction/reconstruction Housing Agriculture infrastructurel public works Roads Primary health careleducation Other projects and trust fund 2.5 Development activities for local PVOS Rural development activities soil conservation and small-scale irrigation Existing A.1.0. projects in rural areas/access roads 9.8 BANDESA (rural credit) USDA Mediterranean Fruit Fly eradication, screw worm control and African bee control TOTAL 63.5 2.4 5.6 7.1 5.5 9.4 5.4 4. Democratization In FY 1986. A.I.D. financed the participation of Guatemalan leaders from the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at regional and in-country seminars. Under the Central America Peace Scholarships (CAPS) Program (547-0001), A.I.D. provided 47 long-term and 805 short-term scholarships in FY 1986, principally targeted on disadvantaged indigenous and women participants from Isolated areas in the western highlands. A.I.D. will also finance 62 long-term and more than 1,000 short-term scholarships under the CAPS program in FY 1987, which will further permit Guatemala's disadvantaged indigenous population to participate as better informed and more involved citizens in the democratic process. The CAPS program has been the centerpiece of A.1.0. activities in this area thus far. In FY 1987, under the Regional Strengthening of Democracy Program (597-0003), A.1.0. will support activities strengthening the legislative process within the Guatemalan Congress, in part via visits of Guatemala's 1.4 1.4 3.0 5.6 4.4 114 115 951 Congressional leadership to meet with U.S. and European legislative leaders to observe their processes and exchange ideas. The Regional Administration of Justice project (597-0002) was expanded to include an initial $1.2 million for Guatemala to finance training, advisory, and extension services, and a sector assessment during FY 1987. FY 1985 International Security and Development Cooperation Act, Section 709 Reporting Section 709 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of FY 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following information on assistance to Guatemala in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training. A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 962 participants from Guatemala in the fields of natural resources development and management (80), small enterprises (89), rural health promotion (298), cooperative administration (245), community development (73), export-related areas (60), agricultural development (15), public health (14), business administration (14), computer sciences and electronics (20), industrial development (5), education (3) and other (46). 8. The types of goods attributed to ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Guatmala in FY 1986 include capital equipment, raw and construction materials, and spare parts, all for the private sector. The program is too new for information to be available as yet on dollar values for these eligible categories of items. C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Guatemala was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Guatemala for the following uses in FY 1986 ($6 million was available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986 and $66.9 million was added during FY 1986.) $(millions) Construction/reconstruction 2.4 Housing 5.6 Agriculture 7.1 Infrastructure/public works 5.5 Roads 9.4 Primary health care/education 5.4 Other projects and trust fund 2.5 Development activities for local PVOS 1.4 Rural development activities 1.4 soil conservation and small-scale irrigation 3.0 Existing A.1.0. projects in rural areas/access roads 9.8 BANDESA (rural credit) 5.6 USDA Mediterranean Fruit Fly eradication, screw worm control and African bee control 4.4 TOTAL 63.5 115 952 953 D. Reprogramming of Funds. Reprogramming of funds for Guatemala during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document. ($000) TOTAL ARDN PN HE EHR SDA CSF ESF The funds requested for economic stabilization will provide needed foreign exchange, not only to support Guatemala's economic stabilization program, but also to assist the GOG carry out a structural adjustment program aimed at diversification and growth of private sector production, especially for export. These funds will also facilitate Investment in productive 'nfrastructure supporting rural development. Local currency generations will be used to support these efforts. In addition, a $18 million Title I program is requested to provide balance-of-payments support through the provision of essential food imports, with local currency generations continuing to be used to encourage GOG reforms in the agricultural sector and to support private sector development activities. - Estimated FY 1986 obligations 82,850 16,500 2,753 5.200 5,200 3,747 1,600 47,850 Actual FY 1986 Obligations: 83,731 B. 19,165 2.867 5,098 6,704 1,447 1,600 47,850 Actual obligations exceeded estimated levels in the health functional account as a result of an increase in funding requirements for the Immunization/Child Survival project (520-0339). The reduced obligation in the Special Development Activities (SDA) account reflects the deferral of the Social Economic Development project (520-0331) pending resolution of design Issues with the GOG. E. Funds and Programs Provided to Guatemala in FY 1986 through Non-governmental as Contrasted to Governmental Channels Non-Governmental Government of Guatemala T5 Millions) (5 Millions) Economic Growth Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition ($12.650,000). A.I.D. will continue to provide small farmers, especially in the western highlands, with greater access to production support, productive land, product and joput markets, and employment in order to increase and diversify their production and income. Additional funds are also requested under the Agricultural Diversification project (520-0349), and for the next phase of the successful Penny Foundation Commercial Land Markets project (520-0343) project to support these activities. In addition, efforts will be undertaken to expand private sector investment in agricultural processing and marketing. A new Rural Electrification III project (520-0353) is proposed to provide electrical distribution to approximately 250 rural communities, to help stimulate rural enterprises and small-scale industrial de re ! opment. The $5 million proposed for this project responds to enpressed Congressional interest in seeing rural electrification activity in Central America funded at this level. ESF and P.L. 480 local currencies will be used to support these and other activities, DA ESF $18.0 0 (49%) $18.8 $47.8 ( 51%) (100%) 0 P.L. 480, Title I P.L. 480, Title II TOTAL $15.0 (100%) C. Spreading the Benefits of Growth $_5.5 $23.5 (1002) (227) $81.6 (78%) In order to increase income and productivity, especially among the rural indigenous poor, and to permit broader participation in the development process, A.I.D. proposes to continue developing Guatemala's human resource base through the projects highlighted below. *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S raw materials and goods needed by Guatemalan businesses. P.L. 480 Title I included imports of wheat and vegetable oil which were sold for distribution through private commercial channels. Also, the equivalent of $70 million in local currency associated with these ESF and P... 480 Title I resources support private sector activities. Health ($4,000,000) and Population Planning ($4,400,000). Funds are requested under the Primary Health Care project (520-0358) to continue efforts to improve child health through oral rehydration therapy, Imunization and other child survival interventions complemented by potable water and environmental sanitation systems. In population planning, due to the magnitude of the problem of population growth, A.I.D. requests new funding for the improved Family Health project (520-0357) to assist the GOG and private agencies in consolidating and expanding current Ministry of Health programs by improving access of the target population to birth Spacing information and services. FY_1988 Program A.I.D. requests $74.5 million in ESF, $33.3 million in Development Assistance (DA), $18 million in P.L. 480, Title I, and $5.9 million in P.b. 480, Title II. Education and Human Resources ($6,600,000). New funds are requested under the private sector skills Training Development project (520-0324) to improve vocational and managerial skills of semi-skilled workers and mid-level managers in rural and urban areas. A. Economic Stabilization ($80 million in ESF, $17 million in P.L. 480 Title 1) . 116 117 953 The funds requested for economic stabilization will provide needed foreign exchange, not only to support Guatemala's economic stabilization program, but also to assist the GOG carry out a structural adjustment program aimed at diversification and growth of private sector production, especially for export. These funds will also facilitate investment in productive infrastructure supporting rural development. Local currency generations will be used to support these efforts. In addition, a $18 million Title I program is requested to provide balance-of-payments support through the provision of essential food imports, with local currency generations continuing to be used to encourage GOG reforms in the agricultural sector and to support private sector development activities. B. Economic Growth Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition ($12,650,000). A.1.0. will continue to provide small farmers, especially in the western highlands, with greater access to production support, productive land, product and input markets, and employment in order to increase and diversify their production and income. Additional funds are also requested under the Agricultural Diversification project (520-0349), and for the next phase of the successful Penny Foundation Commercial Land Markets project (520-0343) project to support these activities. In addition, efforts will be undertaken to expand private sector investment in agricultural processing and marketing. A new Rural Electrification III project (520-0353) is proposed to provide electrical distribution to approximately 250 rural communities, to help stimulate rural enterprises and small-scale industrial development. The $5 million proposed for this project responds to expressed Congressional interest in seeing rural electrification activity in Central America funded at this level. ESF and P.L. 480 local currencies will be used to support these and other activities. C. Spreading the Benefits of Growth In order to increase income and productivity, especially among the rural indigenous poor, and to permit broader participation in the development process, A.I.D. proposes to continue developing Guatemala's human resource base through the projects highlighted below. Health ($4,000,000) and Population Planning ($4,400,000). Funds are requested under the Primary Health Care project (520-0358) to continue efforts to improve child health through oral rehydration therapy, immunization and other child survival interventions complemented by potable water and environmental sanitation systems. In population planning, due to the magnitude of the problem of population growth, A.I.D. requests new funding for the improved Family Health project (520-0357) to assist the GOG and private agencies in consolidating and expanding current Ministry of Health programs by improving access of the target population to birth spacing information and services. Education and Human Resources ($6,600,000). New funds are requested under the Private Sector Skills Training Development project (520-0324) to improve vocational and managerial skills of semi-skilled workers and mid-level managers in rural and urban areas. 117 965 954 006 Selected Development Activities ($6,250,000). Funding is requested to continue the small and Medium Enterprise project (520-0341) to expand private sector investment beyond agricultural areas. Additional funding will be needed as well for U.S. and indigenous PVos to complement these efforts. Finally, additional funding is requested to continue support of small-scale community self-help projects. P.L. 480. Title II ($5,901.000). P.L. 480, Title II funds are needed to continue support to CARE and CRS maternal and child health programs which contribute to improved nutrition and complement other rural development and health activities. asilica ol 092 930 925 002 7 SO 2.690 0. Democratization 1 Economic Suport Funds ($5.5 million). A.I.D. plans to continue to draw on regional programs and projects to fund activities that strengthen democratic institutions in Guatemala, such as support for the Office of the Civil Rights Ombudsman and the work of the Congressional Research Service group. In addition, A.I.D. plans to provide a substantial number of additional short- and long-term scholarships under the CAPS program, specifically focused on the disadvantaged indigenous rural population living in the poorest areas of Guatemala. 27. ; 115 dia Mission Director: Anthony Cauterucci 7.433 155 1.440 2.523 1.104 1.699 dan 10 - .7 #assins".05 7.74. 5.350 10.600 ooses 1.500 --- 998 oss 6.600 969's S 500 5.500 aoi! ss w . AND NUTRITION •1 53 •VREAU POR LATI. ANERIC > 20 SUATEMALA AGRICULTURE. RURAL DEV. Surmont DEVELOPMENT ANO SMALL FARMER MARKETING Sisters &URAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT 320-02 ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT DIVERSIFICATION" Small FARMER DIVERSIFIchigono RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SYSTENS SYSTEMS 21. "siz0-025 0720-ozs 0000-cz •ces 327-23. 523-0235 320FA 118 955 SUNNARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AVERICA AND CARIBBEAN 520 GUATEMALA C. 86 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OP FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGM FY8S- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLID EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- IDLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYI OULIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION G 69 C 7.748 7.453 642 350 S25 150 175 81 2.684 3. 400 2.686 1.440 --- 730 --- --- 2 50 --- ... ... 300 33 5.350 6.000 5.350 2.323 1,278 --- ... --- --- ... 700 --- .. --- --- 840 L 79 83 10.600 10.600 10.600 6.661 435 2.690 813 85 3.696 1.104 630 760 --- 3.696 3.696 160 85 5,500 5.500 5.500 1.699 --- --- 930 --- 900 G 33 86 1,500 155 600 115 ... 2.100 2.100 310 ... 400 83 10.500 758 13,500 13.500 3.000 362 --- 3. 400 3,500 86 11.000 11.000 --- 11.000 732 1.837 81 81 363 196 OO 83 343 343 --- 36 290 155 ... 290 290 ... 126 ... --- 323-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 523-0238 L 78 SMALL PARKER MARKETING SYSTEMS 320-0245 6 79 RURAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT 850 350 520-0245 79 RURAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT 520-0246 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION 525-0235 G 81 SMALL FARNER DIVERSIFICATION SYSTEMS 320-0255 L 81 SNALL FARNER DIVERSIFICATION SYSTENS 529-0276 MIGHLANDS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 523-0274 NIGHLANDS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 520-0286 : COOPERATIVE STRENGTMENING 520-0290 G SMALL FISM POND DEVELOPNENT OPG 320-0317 3 IXCAN CARDANON CULTIVATION AND COMM - OPG to the pred pray 119 dolored PYrdon-Adre wich Initiation date totoro coro 31,10 Redondoc 31, 10th FYntion is dan oo 956 957 SUNSARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUPEAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN 32) GUATINALA 10A, 10 A 1 9 CP 80 LO PLANNED AUTNO I INIT:AL INAL O9L!G OILIG -THROUGN FY95- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91100 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED T88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.000 PILOT COACIAL LAND NASKET 333-3332 35 FARX-TO-HAKET ROADS 336 --- 1.000 1.300 1. 100 1. 100 616 . 1.000 106 100 196 7 350 13.366 10.366 6669 632 1.367 391 3.996 . 2.000 L 35 FIRM-TO-TARKIT RJAUS 520-0341 87 PRIVAT! INTERPRISE PROMOTION 323-0343 i 95 SNALL CONSERCIAL LAND NARKETS 2.000 --- 2.000 --- --- --- --- 950 35 6.000 2.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.234 1.000 620 99 88 000 ... ... --- --- -.. -- 6,000 1.500 1 . 16 Diveast ICATION & NAT ESSURCE XT 2.000 . --- ... --- --- 2.000 --- 36 500 OCS 300 --- 174 --- L ... ... 87 218 7.000 --- 6,265 009 520-0353 RURAL !!CTAIFICATION II eG 2.000 2.000 SSC-C25 --- ... .. --- --- --- 1.500 1. 300 39 RURAL ELECTRIFICATION II 8.000 --- --- --- --- --- 200 ... --- --- --- 3.500 . GUATEMALA DAIRY DEVELOPMENT 26 --- 1,200 1.200 --- --- ... 1.200 175 97 06 SDO 424 --- ... --- 424 300 100 520-9999 : 79 € .:VATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OP's . --- --- --- ... 300 100 500 400 C A. 120 nou " 22.3 -ee. -THROUGNPY. DILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - -ACTUAL -V6- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED TO. -ESTIVATED PO- OILIS- EXPEIN- ATIONS DITURES -en10 ATIONS OTTUees TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 101-503 73.445 60.210 22.10 1.165 S. 131 10.739 17.996 12.650 OSL 7.724 10.053 с 290 291 164 21 120 175 100 125 S20-0208 82 14.136 5.983 ORANSION OR FAMILY PLANKING 2.401 2.703 9898 1.568 3.430 2.100 --- 2.300 SERVICES 39 10.000 --- --- --- --- 4.300 500 --- --- 37 כ9 103 --- 183 100 --- $3 SO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6.273 24,369 8.686 2.692 2.867 1.567 3.733 2.375 4.400 3.236 GRANTS 26. 369 6.273 2.62 2.867 1.569 9898 3.733 2.375 4.400 3.200 LOANS 572 476 298 210 --- 20 175 109 125 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 1.274 592 --- US 20 45 1.274 1.300 1520-CZS --- OR ANO --- 320 CONMUNITY-BASED MEALTN AND NUTR SYSTENS 121 PROJECT NO. 45 TITLE 52:-0330 323-3332 9001: 525-0347 1; DIVERSIFICATION & NAT 22 SOURCE NST 523-0349 : S20-3351 i PASILY FISM POND DEV 11 • OP3 523-0352 TERTIARY ROADS 520-0355 5231000 CENTRAL AUZICA PACE SENC. ARSIPS ARICA ANO CARIOLAN Sucnu POR LATIN QUAT SALA PAJECT NO. AND TITLE 0 A 10 A. INITIAL OOLIS LOO PLANNED AUTHD PINAL ODLIG ! GRANTS 16.577 9.397 1.795 5.090 7.150 34.503 24.079 67.000 69.366 LOANS 43.633 13.513 4.367 3.376 6.265 12.996 5.500 POPULATION PLANNING 52-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 320-0357 IAPROVEO PAMILY MEALTN 32-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS MEALTN 3 69 0000-GZS clone Action for Decem". the wearind date. 957 ORGAN --- --- --- --- 60 ... SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIGOLAN 523 GUAT ENALA CP 15 17.117 POPULATION PLANNING 290 291 164 21 120 175 100 125 89 5,983 2.401 2.703 16,136 8.636 1.540 3.430 2.100 --- 2.500 88 89 10.000 --- --- 4.300 500 . --- --- ... --- ... --- ... 87 183 95 100 103 --- 83 569 3.733 2.375 4.400 238 --- --- MSALIN : 572 476 298 210 20 175 100 125 80 35 1.274 592 --- . 80 --- 320 1,274 1.300 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LFY OR FY OF | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIS OBLIG LO PLANNED AUTMD -TMROUGN PYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED PY87- OOLIS- EXPEN ITIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FYU- OBLI; EXEN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 101.503 73.445 50.210 22.910 19.165 S.131 10.739 17.936 12.650 GRANTS 16.577 9.397 16,798 1.755 5.000 7.150 7.726 36,503 26.079 67.000 69.366 LOANS 43,633 13,513 4.367 3.376 6,265 12.396 5.500 10.053 G 69 C 520-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 320-0238 3 82 EXPANSION OF PAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 520-0357 IMPROVED PANILY MEALIN 923-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSMIPS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6,27 2.692 2.867 26.369 8.686 GRANTS 6.273 2.672 26.369 8.696 2.867 1.56 3.733 2.375 4,400 3,206 LOANS 20. 325-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 325-0251 3 CONMUNITY-SASZD MEALTN AND NUTR SYSTENS 'Metoda como 121 donc "no- Almohlo do motore December 31, red on the wthor and come Pedidos De 31,0th FY al finalition is a poneddote 958 959 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUI SAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CAR99EAN 523 GUATNYALA . PROJ!CI NO. AND TITLE • LEY OF SY O I INITIAL FINAL 5 OLIS 9 LOP PLANNED AUTMD 97160 CP 88 -TMROUGH FYS- 03L1G- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91760 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED PYSY- ONLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 90 SE -91100 9.500 ,500 -PROPOSED FY88- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 9.500 225's 525-0251 L ONUNITY-BASED MEALIN AND NUTR SY51115 521-02 3 RURAL POTABL! WATER AND SANITATION, OPG 202 1,790 34 OCS 2. 200 300 500 408 --- 48 35 1.300 1.100 1.000 --- --- 212 --- 266 --- 486 . S2)-3330 95 WAT:7, 9N, AND MEALTA, CP; 95 005 500 500 --- --- --- 206 SE 87 243 3,378 2.100 .300 6,800 --- --- 442 --- --- .. ... 273 1.954 5.000 1.663 ... --- 37 ce 1.900 SOO --- 354 75 --- 250 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 26.152 23.900 16.646 5093 1.155 652 4,594 GRANTS 2.000 5,787 7.166 1,476 15.552 11,400 2.500 9.500 5,393 LOANS 953 652 2.304 9.500 3,522 2.000 3,587 --- 202 ... CHIL) SURVIVAL PUNO 1.790 200 2. 200 2000-ci 3 PROGRAM DEVELOPENT ANO SUPPORT --- --- --- ... 100 100 200 175 ! a7 i ES ::ZATION/CHILD SURYIVAL 520-3353 99 IMARY MEALTH CARE 5.570 1.600 1.600 --- --- --- --- 3.970 1.100 --- ES 2.500 5.000 --- .. --- 1.300 500 Color 122 * ...AU PO. LOTI AICO CARLSBOA с. 32 SUATUVALA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE OP -.A. .: NITIAL OILIS PY PINAL LOP PLANNED AUT - TMRO UOM PO BOLIG- CEPAN- ATTONS DITURES -ACTUAL OSLIS ATIONS -LUA 9116C OITURES -OSTIVATID 7- SLI- ATIONS DITU es -PROPOSED TIS- OBLIO- EXON- ATTONS DITURES 69-533 0 - 87 - 31 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 15.370 1.600 1.600 4.130 1.200 2.000 3.179 GRANTS 19.370 1.600 --- 1.600 --- 4.190 1.200 2.000 3.173 LOANS --- EDUCATION AND MUMAN RESOUCES 3 C 963 799 200 245 OSS 300 200 225 0000-C25 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 26 --- S6 050 OSO --- 309 216 325 660 525-0261 INTEGRATED NON-FORSAL ! DUCATION --- --- 715 --- 2.000 --- OG 9 397 323 26 S6 L 2.000 3.590 323-0201 INTEGRATED NON-PORNAL EDUCATION 3.350 107 --- 553 500 600 3.300 3.300 S6 90 1.700 1.506 327 1.000 1.800 36 10.206 13.204 --- --- --- 5.000 600 --- --- 900 5.000 5.000 36 200 700 --- --- 300 35 700 700 3.330 900 --- 1.500 97 3.830 --- --- --- 1.170 800 -- 300 87 1.11: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- COR 500 3.000 520-0335 95 RURAL WATER AND SANITATION I: • OP; 520-0359 :UNIZATION/CMIL) SURVIVAL 527.0350 PRIMARY 1!ALTH CARE OCOL-25 ENTRAL RICA PEAC! 53-CLARSHIPS 520-0339 52-0232 3 RURAL EDUCATION ISPROVENENT 520-0282 L 35 RURAL EOJCATION IMPROVEMENT 52-0304 ALTIPLANO MIGNER EDUCATION 525-0311 3 95 ADULT LITERACY 529-032 07 PRIMARY LOUCATION MANAGEMENT I PROVINENT 26 1 323-0320 PRIMARY EDUCATION MANAGERENT IMPROVEMENT 52)-0324 959 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BURLAU POR LATIN ASERICA AND CARIIDEAN C 86 52) GUATEMALA -ESTINATID FY37- BLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . -THROUGN FY85- JOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES L PY OF SY OP I INITIAL PINAL 6 0911: OLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 69-533 0 • LOP PLANNED AUTM 1.200 2.000 4.150 3,175 1,500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 13.370 1.600 3,175 4.150 1.200 2.000 1.690 GRANTS 13.570 1.600 C --- LOANS 200 225 300 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 87 - 31 350 245 200 799 963 3 327-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT --- 325 --- - .. 216 .. 309 850 : 32 95 850 860 323-0281 INTEGRATED NON-FORMAL !DUCATION ... 323 600 --- .. 35? 2.000 719 32 35 L 2.000 3.590 320-02:1 INTEGRATED NON-FORMAL EDUCATION --- 600 500 553 --- 107 3,330 36 95 3 RURAL EDUCATION IMPROVENENT 3.300 3,300 --- 1,800 1.100 1.506 327 8.700 35 36 L RURAL EDJCATION INPROVENENT 10.204 13.204 900 --- 600 --- 5.300 36 36 ALTIPLANO NIGNER EDUCATION 5.300 5.000 41 --- --- ... 300 --- 200 700 3 35 35 700 700 --- ... --- ... 1.500 3,330 500 97 3,330 3 27 PRIMART TOUCATION MANAGEMENT I PROVENINT 300 800 1.170 --- --- --- .. 37 1, L 87 PRIMARY EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT 4. BOO SOC --- --- --- --- --- --- 9.000 --- 520-0324 PRIVATE SECTOR SKILLS TRAINING DEV 525-0232 520-0232 523-0304 525-0311 ADULT LITERACY 529-0323 323-0320 proud 123 Crowd tot FY nition de todore Debor 31.10 bead on the thoriand date fedition du 91, the Foundation is depend on 960 523 30?SAU FOR LATIN ASERICA AND CA2133EAN () SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) GUATO TALA . LFY OFY DE I INITIAL FINAL 9 51760 LOP PLANNID AUTMD 911EC -THROUGN FY85- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY84- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATTONS DITURES 37 33 2.000 - ESTIMATED PYS7- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PYBB- 3 S. -91100 CO -NBOX3 1.177 1.000 ATIONS DITURES --- . 200 --- 1.000 1.177 750 500 TOTAL ECR ACCOUNT 577 6,704 GRANTS 1.700 7.527 6.325 5.813 6.000 LOANS 26,357 9.960 13,374 13.734 1,215 5,200 7,775 1,014 OCLC 13.750 6,357 759 3.125 1.504 686 6.000 5!LECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1.170 3.200 5,352 2.423 . 3 6 3 C 650 382 297 450 298 53 3 300 350 :: 1.467 1920-C?S 1.373 100 127 37 33 190 CC 600 ... 95 100 90 --- ... OCE 100 OCS 005 OCS --- --- --- 300 115 147 523-0337 PRIVATE SECTOR IS VEL COORDINATION, OPG SS 95 206 1.500 1.500 1.500 --- --- --- 143 323 °15 en --- СССР 257 --- --- --- -- 68 2005 11.000 ... 2.450 300 --- --- --- ... --- ELECTRICAL POWER RESERVE 35 95 1.000 7.000 1.000 2.000 5.059 300 1,342 . ... 523-03. S SINDS PVO DEVELOPET PROGRAMS 387 -- 2.550 1.350 --- 212 1.050 --- soo 685 1.000 1,000 con PAS -M 124 ge SUR LAU PO. LATINA ICA 323 SUATEMALA ACTIVO THOUSTODOLOec. . 0. L PY OP INITIAL OBLIG •INAL LO PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN FTO3- -ACTUAL -90 91100 -NX2 -91100 -91100 ATIONS DITURES AT ZONS ERPEN- OITURES -ESTIRATED PY7- OILI- ATIONS DITURES -1100 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 520-30 102AN SCHOLARSHIP 52-10 CENTRAL 1994ICA PEACE Sc! So 1995 33.231 23,554 16,513 1,974 5?)-0020 PROGRAY SEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 523-01-5 3 SPICIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND 51ELTER SICTOR DEVELIDENT 53-0336 G 35 ATER, IN, AND HEALTH, OP3 5 S 22-03-1 5 97 PRIVAT! ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 523-53.1 L 97 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE PROMOTION 52)-3344 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 520-0361 SALL PROJECT C. -POPOSUD 06- ELEN- ATIONS OITURES $ . ASSISTANCE FUND 100 .0 OS 100 30 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 12.130 10.030 11.117 6.616 1.447 2.333 &.500 3.236 , 6.290 3.347 GRANTS 11.117 6.316 21.130 10.00 11.000 1.467 2.383 6.595 3.236 4.250 3.267 LOANS 2.000 300 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND o 69 --- --- oos --- --- 200 osz S2)-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 961 ... ... ..... SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BURLAU POR LATIN AVERICA AND CARIBBEAN S23 GUATEMALA -Ndali LPY OP FY OR I INITIAL INAL -PROPOSED TI- OOLIS• ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG• EXPEN OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES THROUGN PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO PROJECT NO. AND TITL! SNOII 91160 91190 9 750 80 100 30 . 180 525-0361 87 S4ALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE FUND 3.236 6.250 3.347 6.500 2.383 11.117 6,816 1.447 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 32.130 10.050 3.347 6.250 3.236 6. S90 2.003 300 --- -O. 250 --- 200 --- --- --- 500 G 69 C 770 900 --- OCO 200 26 3.000 35 35 --- --- 3.000 3.000 --- DOO 6,762 3.300 233 9,500 1 35 9.500 9.500 74,500 74.500 23,625 000°96 23.425 96.000 G 86 ECONOMIC STABILIZATION PROGRAN 193.925 23,425 ... --- .. 23.925 23,025 --- L 36 ECONONIC STABILIZATION PROGRAM 23.925 23.925 225 0. --- 225 -- -0. 9 37 S. SOO 6.000 1.200 2.362 --- 000 --- 6 17.862 87 90 80.000 86,392 101.695 47.850 47.788 24 93.797 243,212 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 10.000 93,395 79,650 98,797 23.625 26 23.925 3.300 COO 4.762 200 --- 26.163 23.925 2.305 1.447 11.117 6.316 GRANTS 21.130 10.050 11.000 ... 200 LOANS LCOWONIC SUPPORT PUNO 52)-0000 >ROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 320-0276 5 AGRI-BUSINESS DEVELOPENT 525-0276 L AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 320-0347 320-0367 320-0999 LOCUL COST SUITOR 0001-C2 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARS1IPS 12.500 OSS 65 3.000 GRANTS 214.787 26,625 33.425 33,425 9.500 LOANS 125 Cido 81.NO 962 963 1 5 JATIALA du!!!UER LAT! 4110 ANO CARI! JUAN SUNNTRY 0 ACTIVE AND PROPOSTO "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L YOYO I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG BOLIG LOR PLANN! AUTO -THROUGN PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES COUNTRY TOTAL - ACTUAL PY86- OBLIO- EXPIN- ATIONS DITURSS CP 10 -ESTINATED PYAY- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL 481.167 13.005 -PROPOSED PYRI- OILIG. EXPIN- ATIONS DITURES 123,259 39,412 GRANTS 39,731 132.083 137,411 LOANS 49.926 346.868 2.100 136,299 105.05 21.613 54.935 113.300 125.461 73,333 31,304 17,704 126.653 116.225 23.427 1.433 103.800 105.743 21.136 1,500 126 Colofon V conco- Achat en men er De 100 ml LIGATO Guatemala Funding AG. WANT LANGDROGRAMSNARY DET Agricultural Diverolfication DA ARDR FY 1988 Numb 520-0349 4.000 (0) NEW Population ED.HR De ML ung insi Obligation 2000 6.000 Tinted Find Otition GRANT_NLOANTO CONTINUANG Estimated Completion FY 1988 Date of Pro Project Purpose Expand agricultural diversification activities with Internat Tona Tover. FY 1988 FY 1993 small farmers in the Highlands in order to help them improve the management and productivity of fruits and vegetables. TE V channel to the grovere national and international marketing Information gathered by the guild of Project Description: The intensification of agricultural economic Agricultural Marketing Institute (INDECA). exportere of non-traditional products (GREMIAL) and the GOG National activities has placed a great stress on the resources and agricultural support systems that sustain them. If farmers are not Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy This project growing the appropriate quantity and quality of diversified crops to follows on very effective prior and existing interventions of USAID neet market demand, they may be worse of f economically than before in the following areas: 5011 terracing: small-scale irrigation; erop diversification because of increased use of cootly inputs, lover diversification processing, storage and exporting of product prices, and lack of savings to invest in the protection of non-traditional agricultural products; and farmer organization. their 11ælted natural resource base. The project will address this problem by assisting public institutions to continue and expand Host Country and Other Donorat This project to closely 11 nked to their activities in support of diversification, while other ongoing and proposed host government agricultural programs. olmultaneously creating • private sector. entity to provide A.I.D. anticipates a series of national policy changes that will complementary services in fruit and vegetable production to small support the sector in such areas as credit and export incentives. Emphasis will be placed in diesemination of techniques Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries will be approximately 12,000 developed under the Small Diversification Systems project through oma 11 fruit and vegetable farmers in the highlands who are already farmers. producing for the market or who wish to diversify. These associations would provide ana11 farmers with Ma Jor Outputs A11 Years associations. Producers Associations Established Private Sector Productivity Center Functioning X Fund Established for Graduate Research х Technical Information on Diversification Provided to Small Producers X The more sophisticated, basic research on Technical Training for Producers х A.I.D. Financed Inpute ($000) (Life-of-Project) crop variety is adapted, it Technical Assistance 2,000 Once a Commodities 600 intensive information campaigns Training 1,000 Construction 1.000 Research Contracting 1,400 Total 000 Principed Contractor or Agencion F Unliquidetud existing representative farms, and the organization of producere an advocacy unit and a forum for identifying and resolving probleme. A private sector productivity, conter vil1. be established to work on: (1) Research A small staff will undertake variety trials on "leading" farmers' parcels in various cuinates and solls in order to determine the adaptability of new and existing fruit and vegetable varieties for export. these crops will be undertaken by the center with Guatemalan universities, private institutions and/or the national Research Service (ICTA); (2) Extension: will be disseminated by the center to former groups through on-fars demonstrations, field days, (pamphlets, video, radio, etc; and formal farmer education; () Information. The center will comple, and disseminate existing information on fruits and vegetable, both at the national and U & FINANCING (in thousands of doller) 963 -- NEW Guatemala PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source Agricultural Diversification DA ARDN tla thousands of dollar FY 1988 4,000(G) Life of Project Funding 2.000 (2) 6,000 Number 520-0349 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initia Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1988 FY 1993 Project Purpose: Expand agricultural diversification activities with International level. It will channel to the growers national and small farmers in the Highlands in order to help them improve the international marketing information gathered by the guild of management and productivity of fruits and vegetables. exporters of non-traditional products (GREMIAL) and the GOG National Agricultural Marketing Institute (INDECA). Project Description: The intensification of agricultural economic activities has placed a great stress on the resources and Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project agricultural support systems that sustain them. If farmers are not follows on very effective prior and existing interventions of USAID growing the appropriate quantity and quality of diversified crops to in the following areas: soil terracing; small-scale irrigation; crop meet market demand, they may be worse off economically than before diversification; processing, storage and exporting of diversification because of increased use of costly inputs, lower non-traditional agricultural products; and farmer organization. product prices, and lack of savings to invest in the protection of their limited natural resource base. The project will address this Host Country and Other Donors: This project is closely linked to problem by assisting public institutions to continue and expand other ongoing and proposed host government agricultural programs. their activities in support of diversification, while A.I.D. anticipates a series of national policy changes that will simultaneously creating a private-sector entity to provide support the sector in such areas as credit and export incentives. complementary services in fruit and vegetable production to small farmers, Emphasis will be placed on dissemination of techniques Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries will be approximately 12,000 developed under the Small Diversification Systems project through small fruit and vegetable farmers in the highlands who are already existing representative farms and the organization of producers' producing for the market or who wish to diversify, associations These associations would provide small farmers with an advocacy unit and a forum for identifying and resolving problems. Major Outputs All Years Producers Associations Established X A private sector productivity center will be established to work on: Private Sector Productivity Center Functioning X (1)Research: A small staff will undertake variety trials on Fund Established for Graduate Research х "leading" farmers' parcels in various climates and soils in order to Technical Information on Diversification determine the adaptability of new and existing fruit and vegetable Provided to Small Producers X varieties for export. The more sophisticated, basic research on Technical Training for Producers X these crops will be undertaken by the center with Guatemalan universities, private institutions and/or the national Research A.I.D. Financed Inputs ($000) (Life-of-Project) Service (ICTA); (2) Extension: Once a crop variety is adapted, It Technical Assistance 2,000 will be disseminated by the center to farmer groups through on-farm Commodities 600 demonstrations, field days, Intensive information campaigns Training 1,000 (pamphlets, video, radio, etc.), and formal farmer education; Construction 1,000 The center will compile and disseminate existing (3) Information: 1,400 Research Contracting Information on fruits and vegetable, both at the national and Total 6,000 U. S FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditure Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Ministry of Agriculture Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futun Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yee 1988 6.000 6.000 127 AID 3707 (11-06) 964 965 NEW FY 1988 1989 GUATEMALA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Video Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Souro Rural Electrification III 3,500 (L) Ita donde des DA 1,500 (G) FY 1988 3,500 (L) Lite of Project Funding 1.500 G) 2.000 G) 8.000 (L). Num 520-0353 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project - GRANT LOAN CONTINUANG FY FY 1992 Project Purpose: To provide electricity distribution services to Host Country and Other Donors: The current Government of Guatemala rural areas where the introduction of electricity will allow a more (GOG) energy policy calls for substantial increases in the productive utilization of existing resources and infrastructure. electrical service coverage of rural areas. The Guatemalan congress has defined rural electrification as a national priority, and the Project Description: One of the main constraints to the A.I.D. National Electrification Institute (INDE) is very interested in program objectives of improving productivity and incomes of poor expanding its coverage of the rural areas. The GOG contribution to rural families is the lack of adequate infrastructure. The this activity will exceed 25% of total project cost. electrical service coverage of Guatemala's rural areas is the second lowest in Central America: only seven percent of the rural Beneficiaries: The project will directly benefit approximately population has access to electricity. Until 1985 one of the basic 300,000 rural inhabitants in 250 communities of the western reasons for this low coverage was the lack of sufficient electrical highlands providing them with electrical service for household, energy sources in the country. With the successful start-up of the commercial or industrial purposes. An additional 1,200 rural 300 w Chixoy hydroelectric power plant, however, this obstacle has workers will receive technical/vocational training, and 5,000 rural been removed and the main problem is now distribution. To address inhabitants will receive training in productive uses of this constraint the proposed project will increase rural electricity electricity. Small rural enterprises receiving credit under the distribution services in Guatemala, providing 50,000 rural project will employ approximately 1,500 rural workers. connections in approximately 250 communities with the potential for putting electricity to production use. A training component Ma for Outputs All Years coordinated by the Technical Training Institute (INTECAP) will Subtransmission lines erected 400 kms. develop and improve the abilities of rural workers in target Distribution network established 800 kas. communities to operate electrical machinery used in small rural Rural connections completed 50,000 industries. Another component will provide loans to small rural Persons trained in use of electric machinery 6, 200 enterprises in communities to receive electricity. These loans will Rural enterprises receiving credits 100 be used to purchase electrical machinery or equipment to improve New communities with electric services operations or help establish new businesses for which electricity is the main source of energy. AID Financed Inputs Life-of-Project (000) Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This project Materials and Electrical Equipment 500 responds to the Mission's Action Plan objectives of improving Vehicles and Construction Equipment productivity and incomes of poor rural faailies and to the specific Training 700 objectives of increasing employment in rural areas and providing Credit 1,000 opportunities for off-farm employment. Management Costs Credit Component 100D Evaluations and Studies Total 10,000 250 500 200 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Uniiquidated Principal Contractor or Agencies The National Electrification Institute and Instituto Technico de Capacitacion (INTECAP) Proponed Fiscal Y 1986 5.000 Future Your Obligations 5,000 Estimated Total Cost 10,000 AID 370-7 (11-85) 128 GONTENEA Improved Family Health AGI, RON Đa 1. At 188 4.300 Uite of Pro Funding initis Outition 10.000 Estimated Final Option Timated Completion FY 1988 FY 1989 Date of Prommer FY 1993 ipation by the rural poor. Within this broad context One of lans to lead healthy, productive lives. A.I.D.'s objectives is to support measures which permit Gute ed to contribute significantly to this objective. Birth spacing is espect- Host Country and Other Donors: The GOG will contribute trained personnel Warehouse facilities and statistical services. The UN Fund for Population Activities's contribution to population activities over the life of the project is estimad at $1.5 llion. A.!.D. will also provide centrally funded collateral support through the International Planned Parenthood Foundation and other agencies. Beneficiaries: Approximately 180,000 predominantly rural poor Families who have lacked knowledge of or ready access to birth spacing information and services, who suffer from the stress of excessively large familles, and who have health problems related to high fertility will benefit directly from this project. Major Outputs: All Years Improved/expanded birth spacing services provided by: Ministry of Health clinics 650 APROFAM Clinics 11 Community Based Distributors 1,750 Private Organizations 5 Family Planning Acceptors 180,000 A.I.D.-Financed Inputs ($000's): Life of Project - Participant Training 900 Local Personnel 2,740 Comodities, Contraceptives 2,320 Evaluation 240 Information and Materials 2,300 Other Costs 1 500 TOTAL 10,000 Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Ministry of Health and APROPAM According to studies done in Guatemala significant causes for these high rates are lack of lenowledge of and lack of access to material and child health (MCH) services. Particularly affected are those women (both ladino and Indien) who are married, not employed outside the home, living in the interior and who have several children but less than a primary education. Another contributing factor to these high rates is fertility-related: poorly-timed, too frequent or too marry pregnancies, especially among younger Guatemalan women. This project will assist the Government of Guatemala (COG) and private agencies in consolidating and expanding current MCH programs, with special emphasis on improving physical and cultural accessibility of the target population to birth spacing Information and services. Communication and education activities will inform mothers in their roles as change agents, family life educators and the mainstay of the Guatemalan family about birth The Ministry of Health (MOH) will be supported in its spacing. efforts to increase the availability of high quality MCH services throughout the country, particularly birth spacing assistance to The Guatemalan Association for Family Welfare Its clients. (APROFAM) will continue, wich Project support, to provide a full range of birth spacing and Information/ education services. Selected small private voluntary organizations will develop or continue educational programs for mothers and young adults which are designed to foster the welfare of the family. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy A.I.D. as- sustance remains directed towards the overall goal of helping Guatemala return to a pattern of real growth with greater partic- Number 520-0357 DA Population 30 NEW ED. SHA 60 GRANT D LOAN CONTIRANO 1 4.300 Project Purpose: To Improve access to birth spacing Information mothers and their children. and services Teading to the improved health status of Guatemalan Project Description: In general Guatemalan mothers and their morbidity rates. children suffer from high maternal and child mortality and U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligation Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 965 cy Title NEW FY 1988 NOGRAM GUATEMALA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health Improved Family Health Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION tin thousands of dollars! DA FY 1988 4,300 Life of Project Funding 10,000 Number 520-0357 Population ED. & HA Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING 4,300 FY 1989 FY 1993 Project Purpose: To improve access to birth spacing information ipation by the rural poor. Within this broad context, one of and services Teading to the improved health status of Guatemalan A.I.D.'s objectives is to support measures which permit Guatema- mothers and their children. lans to lead healthy, productive lives. Birth spacing is expect- ed to contribute significantly to this objective. Project Description: In general, Guatemalan mothers and their children suffer from high maternal and child mortality and Host Country and Other Donors: The GOG will contribute trained morbidity rates. According to studies done in Guatemala, personnel, warehouse facilities and statistical services. The UN significant causes for these high rates are lack of knowledge of Fund for Population Activities's contribution to population and lack of access to material and child health (MCH) services. activities over the life of the project is estimated at $1.5 Particularly affected are those women (both ladino and indien) million. A.S.D. will also provide centrally funded collateral who are married, not employed outside the home, living in the support through the International Planned Parenthood Foundation interior , and who have several children but less than a primary and other agencies. education. Another contributing factor to these high rates is fertility-related: poorly-timed, too frequent or too many Beneficiaries: Approximately 180,000 predominantly rural poor pregnancies, especially among younger Guatemalan women. This families who have lacked knowledge of or ready access to birth project will assist the Goverment of Guatemala (GOG) and private spacing information and services, who suffer from the stress of agencies in consolidating and expanding current MCH programs, excessively large families, and who have health problems related with special emphasis on improving physical and cultural to high fertility will benefit directly from this project. accessibility of the target population to birth spacing information and services. Communication and education activities Major Outputs: All Years will inform mothers in their roles as change agents, family life Improved/expanded birth spacing services provided by: educators and the mainstay of the Guatemalan family about birth Ministry of Health clinics 650 The Ministry of Health (MOH) will be supported in its spacing 11 APROFAM Clinics efforts to increase the availability of high quality MCH services Community Based Distributors 1,750 throughout the country, particularly birth spacing assistance to Private Organizations 5 its clients. The Guatemalan Association for Family Welfare Family Planning Acceptors 180,000 (APROFAM) will continue, with Project support, to provide a full range of birth spacing and information/ education services. A.1.D.-Financed Inputs ($000's): Life of Project Selected small private voluntary organizations will develop or Participant Training 900 continue educational programs for mothers and young adults which Local Personnel 2,740 are designed to foster the welfare of the family. Commodities, Contraceptives 2,320 Evaluation 240 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D. as- Information and Materials 2,300 sistance remains directed towards the overall goal of helping Other Costs 1,500 Guatemala return to a pattern of real growth with greater partic- TOTAL 10,000 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Ministry of Health and APROFAM Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cont Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 4,300 5,700 10,000 129 AID 3707 (11-85) 966 X NEW LA GUATEMALA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD &N Health morOSED OBLIGATION Private Sector Skills Training Source the thousand of dollard Development DA FY 1988 Life of Project Funding Grant 4,800 8,000 Number 520-0324 Population ED. & HR Sel. Ace Initial Obligation Estimated Find diligation Estimated Completion 4,800 Date of Project V GRANT O LON O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1989 FY 1993 Project Purpose: To improve the vocational and managerial skills of schools in secondary cities. The Inter-Anerican Development Bank the private sector labor force. supported the expansion of INTECAP outside Guateaala City. Other donors assisted INTECAP in the areas of instructor training, Project Description: Lack of training opportunities in rural areas procureaent and progran management. Support for private sector limits the ability of individuals to engage in productive vocational and skills education is limited, consisting winly of activities. Simultaneously, the growth of new economic activities scholarships offered by the United Nations and the Inter-American 18 constrained by a lack of trained aanpower. The primary source of De velopment Bank. vocational skills training 18 INTECAP, a semiautonomous institution financed with a 12 payroll tax levied on the private sector. Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries will be approximately 17,000 INTECAP has seven training centers in Guatemala. Residents of rural/urban workers, 3,000 managers/supervisors; and 1,500 to 2,000 secondary cities/towns have no access to centers due to poor out-of-school youth/adults, over the LOP. Purthermore, the transportation networks. Training opportunities available at necessary infrastructure/program delivery capacity will be smaller cities/towns are limited to informal, traditional cottage established to serve approximately 5,000 individuals annually beyond crafts. Purthermore, semi-skilled training in accounting, marketing the LOP. and other business skills is only provided to a limited range of managers/supervisors through two local universities and the private Major Outputs (LOP): All Years Guatemalan Managers Association (AGC). The proposed project will Semi-skilled instructional modules prepared by AGG 5 finance sanagerial and vocational skills training through three Vocational courses prepared and given 5 components. INTECAP will receive funding for technical assistance, Trained vocational education instructors 20 training materials and equipment in order to provide vocational Management teachers trained 10 training to workers in private business in its centers and will also Individuals trained in vocational education 17,000 provide outreach training to rural entrepreneurs, using six to eight Mid level managers trained 3,000 no bile units. A third component will provide sanagerial skills Small/medium size firms assisted 3,000 training to mid-level managers of medium and small-size firms in areas such as production organization, product protection/marketing. A.1.D.-Financed Inputs: (3000's) Life-of-Project and financial/credit management. Commodities 2,700 Materials/supplies 1,200 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project 18 Personnel 860 responsive to NBCCA recommendations which call for: a) promoting Training 890 training related to eaployment and productivity; b) expansion of Operating costs 880 training Institutions both in the public and private sectors. Research and evaluation 670 Contingencies 800 Host Country and Other Donors: The participating agency vill Total 8,000 contribute at least 25 percent of total inputs. Other donors, particularly the World Bank have financed expansion of vocational U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contracton or Apanalo Obligation Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 INTECAP and Guatemalan Managers Estimated Fiscal Year Association Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futur dond Propowd Fiscal You 1988 7,800 3,200 000 NO 3707 (11-08) 130 967 CY 00 1965 110. THN Free 1.900 Hent IOWE Thing . SMA DLA CON Project Purpos PY 1985 To improve the delivery and access to primary Oo oo PY health care services leading to improved health status of Country and other Donor.. FY 1522 Guatemalan Dother and children. The Covernent of Guatesal. 111 contribute with facilities and personnel. other donoro Pro lect Description: Current health conditions in Guatemala (1.... PAHO. UNICEF. UNFPA, INCAP) 111 provide Ignificant financial and technical support for child survival initiatives. provide evidence of resource shortages and of imperfect Banagement of the scarce resource.available. cona 1 dered an integral part of Therefore. donor coordination is essential and Koy indicators the project. of Guatemalan health demonstrate high infant mortality, lov beneficiaries: life expectancy, and a high incidence of communicable disease Direct beneficiaries are expected to be and malnutrition. A comprehensive, well-supported primary approximately 1.4 million children five years and under. health care system is the most effective way of alleviating Indirectly the MOH personnel v111 benefit from improved Management. Guatemala'. health problems, particularly those related to child survival. A.1.D. will increase it. support to the health Major Output: (A11 Years) sector, focusing on the needs of the most at-risk population, 1.e. children five years and under and pregnant women. The Efficient Management Systems at Health Posts X project will strengthen the Ministry of Health's (MOH) Punctional Health Management Information Centers х Institutional capacity to efficiently plan and manage child Logistics and other Support Systees at In addition, 1t 1. believed that National Level X survival initiatives. Informed decision making and management at the central and regional level. til optimize the utilization of human, A.1.D. Financed Inputs Life-of-Project material and financial resources. In addition, the project is 3000) supportive and responsive to the GOG administrative Participant Training 1,350 decentralization of managenent of health service delivery. The Local Personnel 2,430 private sector's contribution to these efforts will be promoted Commodities and Equipment 2,700 Evaluation/Research 810 to the maximum extent possible. Other Costa 2710 Relationship of project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A.I.D. Total 10,000 assistance remains directed towards the overall goals of economic stabilization and building a foundation for long-term growth with greater participation by the rural poor, in a Principal Contractors or Agencies Expenditure Untiguidated Obligatione Ministry of Health Throv September 30, 1986 Root Pelary Realeh Care 1:888 gelen 520-osa within this broad context, democratic political environment. one of the specific objectives of AID's strategy 1. the reduction of high infant and child mortality rates. This project is expected to contribute significantly to this objective. UL PINANCING (In thousands of dollars) 967 DO NEW Guatemala PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source 1,900 Health flashouwd of doiler Primary Health Care DA 1,800 CS FY 1988 1,900 Health Life of Project Funding 1.800_CS. 10,000 520-0358 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initidi Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1988 FY 1989 FY 1989 Project Purpose: To improve the delivery and access to primary Host Country and Other Donors: The Government of Guatemala health care services leading to improved health status of will contribute with facilities and personnel. Other donors Guatemalan mothers and children. (1.e., PAHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, INCAP) will provide significant financial and technical support for child survival Project Description: Current health conditions in Guatemala initiatives. Therefore, donor coordination is essential and provide evidence of resource shortages and of imperfect considered an integral part of the project. management of the scarce resources available. Key indicators of Guatemalan health demonstrate high infant mortality, low Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries are expected to be life expectancy, and a high incidence of communicable disease approximately 1.4 million children five years and under. and malnutrition. A comprehensive, well-supported primary Indirectly the MOH personnel will benefit from improved health care system is the most effective way of alleviating management. Guatemala's health problems, particularly those related to child survival. A.I.D. will increase its support to the health Ma for Output: (All Years) sector, focusing on the needs of the most at-risk population, 1.e. children five years and under and pregnant women. The Efficient Management Systems at Health Posts Х project will strengthen the Ministry of Health's (MOH) Functional Health Management Information Centers х Institutional capacity to efficiently plan and manage child Logistics and other Support Systemas at survival initiatives. In addition, it is believed that National Level X informed decision making and management at the central and regional levels will optimize the utilization of human, A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life-of-Project material and financial resources. In addition, the project 15 (5000) supportive and responsive to the GOG administrative Participant Training 1, 350 decentralization of management of health service delivery. The Local Personnel 2,430 private sector's contribution to these efforts will be promoted Commodities and Equipment 2,700 to the maximum extent possible. Evaluation/Research 810 Other Costs 2,710 Relationship of project to 1.1.D. Country Strategy: A.1.D. Total 10,000 assistance remains directed towards the overall goals of economic stabilization and building a foundation for long-term growth with greater participation by the rural poor, in a denocratic political environment. Within this broad context, one of the specific objectives of AID's strategy is the reduction of high infant and child mortality rates. This project is expected to contribute significantly to this objective. U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30. 1986 Ministry of Health Sssimated Fiscal Year Esrimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuro Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yes 1968 3,700 6.300 10,000 AJO 3707 (11-08) 131 } 696 NEW PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET INOGRAM GUATEMALA Tide Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Private Voluntary Organizations Source (in thousands of dollar (Operational Program Grants) DA FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 500 Grant - 500 Continuing Number 520-9999 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 1979 FY Continuing FY Continuing Project Purpose To strengthen the capacity of tis. and Indige- In 7-88 priority consideration will support U.S. and especially nous private voluntary organizations to undertake Innovative de- local PVOs carrying out activities in such areas as small/medium velopment programs. enterprise development, family health and agricultural diversification. Project Description: Both u.s. and local PVOs are assisting in the development of the poorest rural communities of Guatemala. CARE has Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This project received a grant to provide technical assistance, training and will encourage U.S. and Guatemalan PVOs to become active in meeting financial resources for rural family fish pond activities. CARE 18 the needs of the rural poor for increased incomes and productivity, also carrying out a program to improve the health conditions of improved social services in areas such as health, education and approximately 60 rural communities of the Western Highlands region, shelter, and family planning services. by providing water supplies, improving waste disposal systems and holding health education workshops. A local PVO, the Fundacion del Host Country and Other Donors: The Government of Guatemala and Centavo (Penny Foundation), has established a mechanism to perait other donors contribute to the planning and implementation of small farmers to purchase arable land and is providing technical development projects of the PVOs by providing various means of assistance and production credit to them as well. Another local support, i.e., personnel, facilities and commodities. The PVO, the Asociacion Pro-Agua del Pueblo, is expanding its program of beneficiaries themselves contribute to activities by providing labor technical services, training and credit for rural communities in and locally available materials. Guatemala which do not have potable water and environmental sanitation (latrine) systems, and a system of collection has been Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries include both rural and urban poor established to provide sufficient funds to pay back the loan for families 11ving throughout Guatemala with emphasis placed on both their construction and maintenance. Funds are being channeled indigenous poor 11ving in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. through the local Chamber of Commerce to two local PVOs to provide technical assistance to small-medium Guatemalan businesses. Major Outputs: (All Years) will increase the private sector's participation in non-traditional Small-scale enterprises X development activities and promote the Caribbean Basin Initiative Agricultural production X activities. A.I.D. is also providing support to a U.S. PVO, Private Trained personnel in various areas Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT), to strengthen AS INDES, A Potable water systems X Guatemalan PVO umbrella organization, to support U.S. and Guatemalan PVOs operating in Guatemala. The PACT/ASINDES grant will provide A.1.D.-Floanced Inputs (5000) technical assistance and training to individual PVO organizations Personnel X while also providing a mechanism to permit ASINDES to fund snall PVO Training X projects directly related to rural development. The use of this Commodities х umbrella organization will broaden PVO perspective of national needs Operating expenses X and priorities and hopefully lead to greater initiatives in the Sub-grants to PVOS X future. Total 500 U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Various PVOS Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuro Year Obligations Estimated Tote Cost Proposed Fiscal Year 1986 500 Continuing Continuing 132 AID 370-7 (11-85) 896 This Honduras 133 969 Out There" 19 Honduras 133 126 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (522) HONOURAS BASIC DATA •FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. 4, 666 MAJOR EXPORTSI 1984 )BANANAS .COFFEE (THOUSANDS,MIO 1986) (DOLLARS, 1984) LUMBER PER CAPITA GNP. 700 EXPORTS TO V.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 395 (1984) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 65% (1984) ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 0.5% 400 (1985) 58% (1988) 393 49% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 8.6% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1967) 2.3% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 63.3 (1970) TOTAL 50.6 MAJOR IMPORTSI 1984 )MFRD. PRODUCTS MACHINERY TRANSPORT. EQ. IMPORTS FROM U.S. (8 WELLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 328 (1984) 354 (1905) 339 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 50% (1984) 42% (1986) 37% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -58(84) - 134(85) - 119 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES JAPAN , GERMANY, FEDER MALE 61.7 MALE 48.7 FEMALE 65.0 FEMALE 54.1 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1974) TOTAL 57% MALE 59% FEMALE S8X EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 61.4% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP. (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) -0.4% (1984) (1984) 135 16.3% 24% • SOCIAL DATA 79 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.5% (1970) 3.6% (1986) 3.4% 970 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 29% (1986) 40% MAJOR CROP (S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE. ( 1970) 7 (1986) 6 SUBSISTENCE : CORN ,BEANS-DRY ,RICE 29% (1985) CASH: BANANAS . COFFEE .RAV SUGAR 50% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( 1961) 27.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE , BANANAS RAW SUGAR POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 46.4% (15-64YRS) 50.9% (65+ YRS) 2.7% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS:( 1985) WHEAT ,OILSEEDS , ANIMAL PRODS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 12 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( 1979) 60% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1979) 3. 123 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE. STREP. THROAT . MALARIA (1979) 326 (80) 379 (81) 369 DEATH.. (1979) INTESTINAL INFEC. PULMONARY CIRCUL, PNEUMONIA TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1979) 366 (80) 449 (81) 442 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 96% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1979) - 40 (80) - 70 (81) -73 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1974) 11.4% (75) 11.5% (76) 10.4% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP (1977) 2.0X (78) 2.4% (79) 2.4% PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL 95. 1 MALE FENALE 97.. SECONDARY.. (1982) TOTAL 26.3 MALE 24.0 FEMALE 24.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL MALE 7.0 FEMALE (SMILLIONS, U.S.) ( 1983) 129 (05) 107 tout VALENT TO 0.. MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 134 NID 3702 080) раина Title 11 087 To heppar sastop aruspora TOTALS 1 of 9861 Ad PERSONNEL DATA e our Footnotes: 21 The above total for ESF includes $645,000 in local cost support. request. See separate supplemental amex for detail. 1 The FY 1987 total includes $65 million for the FY 1987 supplemental 135 TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Esclades TDP. One werkyear = 2,087 hour. (Actual 47 *Includes 19 U.S. and Il Foreign National IG FTE workyears. 108.50* 6150 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, excess property, and IG personnel Estimated 104.75* 57.15 47 104.75* 57.75 prior TY. Regionale Regionale Bilaterald TOTALS Category U.S. Participants Third Country Participants during the FY & carry ouers stili in training from the fo-training refers to the sum of participant new starto AB 1242 316 201 285 23 (Actual) FY 1986 8 Total 51 185 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' A (Estimated) 478 Total 744 A 287 505 225 480 (Request) Total & PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) 2015 FY 1987 1861 A. MISSION DIRECT HIRE 192,654 3,394 12,000 15,394 177,260 136,406 26,252 14,602 40,854 (Estimated) ITIT 909*967 2861 A o CASP, AMDP). Participants funded under regional programe long, d'Participant funded under bilateral programa Technical: non-degree veeking 1 FY 1988 (Requesti FY 1988 155,021 2,659 12,000 14,659 140,362 100,000 100,000 0 (Request) FY 1988 ថា ៖ 971 HONDURAS Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 44,308 40,854 15,587 14,602 28,721 26,252 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 40,362 12,300 28,062 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 61,248 0 61,248 136,406 1/2 0 136,406 100,000 0 100,000 TOTALS 105,556 177,260 140,362 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 17,234 13,900 3,334 15,394 12,000 3,394 14,659 12,000 2,659 TOTALS 122,790 192,654 155,021 Footnotes: 1/ The FY 1987 total includes $65 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate supplemental annex for detail. 2 The above total for ESF includes $645,000 in local cost support. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category lActual Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 61.50 57.75 57.75 Foreign National 47 47 47 TOTALS 108.50* 104.75* 104.75* Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. *Includes 19 U.S. and 11 Foreign National IG FTE workyears. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) A5 TC Total A T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 28 23 51 185 425 610 225 480 705 Regional 201 285 486 71 28 52 52 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 13 8 21 10 25 35 10 25 35 Regional 242 558 266 478 744 287 TOTALS 505 792 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programa prior FY. bAcademic: degree seeking. Participante funded under regional programs lengo, CLAS, ANDP). AID 370-2 B-90) 316 135 973 972 to enter the Honduran labor force, creating the potential for political destabilization if job creation rates do not accelerate. HONDURAS Introduction Honduras' policies and programs regarding family planning, which exclude abortion and coerced sterilization, have reduced the population growth rate to an estimated 3%. Although this is still one of the highest rates in the hemisphere, it is a significant improvement from the alarming earlier rates of 3.42 to 3.5%. At a growth rate of 3%, the population will double in about 23 years. An estimated 60% of the population is malnourished. Infectious diseases Nocluding diarrhea, respiratory Infection, and malaria) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 30% of the population has no regular access to child survival services. A fundamental problem of education, at all levels, is the focus on quantity rather than quality. Over 90% of primary school-age children have access to schools, and enrollments are high. The majority of students, however, do not coeplete school. Moreover, even the small proportion of students who do graduate have very deficient academic preparation. As reflected in virtually all social and economic indicators, Honduras is one of the least developed countries of Latin America. Honduras' per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was $800 in 1986. Life expectancy is estimated at 62 years, and the infant mortality rate is estimated at 10 per 1,000 live births. Many primary school-age children do not complete the sixth grade. Few Hondurans (14.8%) have access to piped water or sanitation services, and 75% of the available housing units require either replacement or upgrading. A population growth rate of about 3% a year makes it difficult for Honduras to make gains in per capita income or to improve its relative standing in the region. Honduras' border with three states suffering various levels of internal conflict and violence (Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala) and proximity to the southern border of the United States give her special strategic importance for U.S. policy and objectives in the region. Honduras is committed to democracy. It is a key player in the Contadora process and has insisted on the necessity of comprehensive, verifiable, and simultaneous implementation of the 1983 Contadora Document of Objectives. Honduras' rate of real GDP growth reached 3% in 1984 and held steady at that rate for 1985 and 1986, following years of negative economic growth in the early 1980s. Employment grew moderately over the last three years. Nevertheless, with labor force growth outpacing real GDP growth, the unemployment rate has continued to rise. Similarly, real per capita income has declined or remained stagnant every year since 1980. Inflation, which had steadily declined over the previous three years, rose slightly in 1986 to 4.6% compared to 3.6% in 1985. Although Honduras is predominantly a rural agricultural society, average yields of basic grains and export crops remain the lowest in Central America, due in large part to low levels of technology, lack of infrastructure, inefficient public institutions, and inefficient marketing services. There are only limited agro-industrial processing activities. Small and medium-size farmers have little access to formal credit to procure production inputs. Export earnings are insufficient to meet the demands for imports on which Honduras is heavily dependent. A.I.D. estimates that each three dollars of domestic production require one dollar of imports. In the past, Honduras has relied almost entirely on traditional exports (particularly bananas and coffee) for foreign exchange generation. Fluctuations in the price of these commodities have caused wide variations in export earnings. The unemployment rate is estimated to be between 15% and 25%. Underemployment affects another 20% to 30% of the labor force. During the 1986 to 1990 period, approximately 250.000 additional workers are projected In the past decade, the Honduran policy toward shelter focused on government-built, conventionally finished and subsidized houses, affordable by and benefiting middle-income families. Moreover, there was no housing finance available to low-income families, and both the private and public construction programs excluded housing affordable to these families. The Government of Honduras (GOH) has changed its focus and now is stressing the shelter, water, and sanitation service needs of low-income groups. Hondurans displaced from areas of conflict near the border are an increasing concern. A survey was undertaken late in 1986 in collaboration with the Honduran Permanent National Emergency Committee (COPEN) to determine the extent of the problem and to identify resources required to meet the needs of these people. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The four goals of the Central America Initiative, in Honduras, as elsewhere, are economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, broadening the benefits of growth, and strengthening democratic institutions. These goals are being advanced in Honduras by A.I.D.'S support of ten specific objectives, discussed below. A total of 65 million in FY 1987 supplemental ESF funds is being requested, $40 million for balance-of-payments assistance and $25 million to help fund certain ongoing projects (see Table Il for details). Justification for the supplemental request is being provided separately. Economic Stabilization 1. Substantial improvement in macroeconomic performance: Real GDP grew by II in 1986, employment rose moderately, and inflation was contained to 4.61. Although the fiscal and balance-of-payments current account deficits remain at relatively high proportions of GOP, both fell significantly as a 136 137 973 to enter the Honduran labor force, creating the potential for political destabilization if job creation rates do not accelerate. Honduras' policies and programs regarding family planning, which exclude abortion and coerced sterilization, have reduced the population growth rate to an estimated 3%. Although this is still one of the highest rates in the hemisphere, it is a significant improvement from the alarming earlier rates of 3.4% to 3.5%. At a growth rate of 3%, the population will double in about 23 years. An estimated 60% of the population is malnourished. Infectious diseases (including diarrhea, respiratory infection, and malaria) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 30% of the population has no regular access to child survival services. A fundamental problem of education, at all levels, is the focus on quantity rather than quality. Over 90% of primary school-age children have access to schools, and enrollments are high. The majority of students, however, do not complete school. Moreover, even the small proportion of students who do graduate have very deficient academic preparation. In the past decade, the Honduran policy toward shelter focused on government-built, conventionally finished and subsidized houses, affordable by and benefiting middle-income families. Moreover, there was no housing finance available to low-income families, and both the private and public construction programs excluded housing affordable to these families. The Government of Honduras (GOH) has changed its focus and now is stressing the shelter, water, and sanitation service needs of low-income groups. Hondurans displaced from areas of conflict near the border are an increasing concern. A survey was undertaken late in 1986 in collaboration with the Honduran Permanent National Emergency Committee (COPEN) to determine the extent of the problem and to identify resources required to meet the needs of these people. A.1.0. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The four goals of the Central America Initiative, in Honduras, as elsewhere, are economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, broadening the benefits of growth, and strengthening democratic institutions. These goals are being advanced in Honduras by A.I.D.'S support of ten specific objectives, discussed below. A total of $65 million in FY 1987 supplemental ESF funds is being requested, $40 million for balance-of-payments assistance and $25 million to help fund certain ongoing projects (see Table II for details). Justification for the supplemental request is being provided separately. Economic Stabilization 1. Substantial improvement in macroeconomic performance: Real GDP grew by 3% in 1986, employment rose moderately, and inflation was contained to 4.6%. Although the fiscal and balance-of-payments current account deficits remain at relatively high proportions of GDP, both fell significantly as a 137 974 975 (922-0176), Rural Technologies (522-0157), Export Development and Services 1522-0207), Agricultural Research Foundation (522-0249), Natural Resources tegnagesent (522-0168), Small Farmer Livestock (522-0209), and Small Farmer Organization Strengthening (522-0252). As the assistance portfolio matures and tex projects, such as Agricultural Productivity Enhancement (522-0292) and Small Business Development, (522-0241), come on stream, the impact of bese efforts on agricultural production will increase. percentage of GOP in 1986. The fiscal deficit of the consolidated nonfinancial public sector dropped to 6.4% of GDP in 1986 compared to 8.8% for 1985. This fiscal improvement reflects the continued success of a major tar package introduced in 1984, as well as accompanying efforts to contain the growth of public sector expenditures. With respect to external performance, exports grew by a respectable 14.7% in 1986 after increasing 8.2% in 1985, while imports rose only a modest 4.92 from 1985 levels. These developments in export and import growth rates reflect measures the Central Bank has taken to liberalize the exchange rate regime, as well as lower petroleum prices. These measures were designed to expand the profitability of exports while simultaneously reducing the percentage of imports that benefit from the provision of foreign exchange at the official rate. As a result, the current account deficit as a percent of GDP dropped to 6.8% in 1986 from 9.6% in 1985. A.1.D.'s Economic Support Fund (ESF) provided balance-of-payments support to a Honduran economic program that is projected to produce a continued improvement in macroeconomic performance, with respect to both stabilization and recuperation objectives. The program is expected to reduce the current account deficit in the balance of payments, lower the overall deficit of the consolidated nonfinancial public sector, maintain real GDP growth, contain inflation, and strengthen international reserves. The monetary program component establishes both quarterly ceilings on net domestic credit expansion and quarterly targets for an improvement in net international reserves, and includes a set of complementary structural adjustment measures designed to create sustainable improvement in economic performance beyond 1986. These structural measures aim to rationalize public sector expenditures, enhance export competitiveness, promote private investment and restore internal and external confidence in the Honduran economy The FY 1987 Supplemental ESF funds requested will help accelerate both stabilization and recuperation activities. Implementation of economic stabilization measures will be supported through the Policy Planning Institutional Development project (522-0325), which will be initiated in FY 1987. In further support of this restructuring, A.I.D. initiated the Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises project (522-0286) late in FY 1986 to assist the GOH in returning productive enterprises to the private sector. P.L. 480 Title I financed the importation of 110,000 metric tons of wheat, 100% of Honduras' total import requirements, and 5,000 metric tons of tallow This financing assured that adequate supplies of wheat were available to supplement domestic basic grain production and provided the raw material needed for Honduras' soap industry. A.I.D.'s ongoing policy dialogue with the GOH and direct linkage of the P.L. 480 Title I program to self-help measures resulted in the government's programming of local currency generations in support of a series of programs and projects which assist Honduras to increase agricultural production and productivity levels. A 1.0. estimates that the Honduran activities it supports will increase cultural production by $54 million in 1987 and $92 million in 1988. An evaluation of the Rural Trails and Access Roads project (522-0164), through wich 1,500 kilometers of rural roads were reconstructed, indicated that coral roads can encourage small farmers to plant additional areas in higher-value cash crops and attract additional buyers to the rural areas, thereby raising farm-gate prices by 10% to 15%. The Rural Trails and krocess Roads Il project (522-0214) will continue to support the expansion c* wonduras' sparse rural road network. Road and bridge infrastructure, financed under the mosquitid Relief and Development project (522-0278), has given some 25,000 refugees living in the isolated Mosquitia vehicular access to area markets. Canals repaired under the same project are being used for transportation of people and goods using locally made dugout canges. For example, a cattle farmer now can butcher early in the morning and transport his beef by canoe to a market in four hours, a trip which previously took up to 30 hours on foot. ? Generating export earnings: The Export Development and Services soject (522-0207) is assisting Honduras to restructure its export promotion program, reduce the red tape involved in export procedures, inclement incentive laws, ensure access to foreign exchange for exporters, imo enact legislation to facilitate the establishment and use of private esport processing zones. Through the support provided by this project and the Agricultural Research Foundation project (522-0249), an additional $6 million in foreign exchange was earned from the export of nontraditional agricultural products such as cardamom, cocoa, plantains, ornamentals and shrimp. Export earnings from nonagricultural exports increased $3 billion. These results are additive to the $17 million increase in export earnings from coffee. Productive employment: A.I.D. is supporting a number of employment generation activities, including construction of productive infrastructure, creation of export processing zones, and development of commercial agricultural and irrigation activities, which are projected to generate 14,000 person- years of employment between 1986 and 1990. A.1.0. is also assisting micro-industries through the Small Business Development project (522-0205). In addition, ESF balance-of-payments support to Honduras should result in 226,000 person-years of employment between 1986 and 1990. The Human Resources Development Council (CADERH), under an operational program grant (522-0257), is improving the quality of skills training and making training more relevant and responsive to private sector needs. Laying the Basis for long-term Growth Equity and Broad Participation in Development 2. Increasing agricultural production: During 1986. A.I.D.-supported activities increased the value of agricultural production in Honduras by close to $27 million. The following projects made the most significant contributions to this increase: Small Farmer Coffee Improvement 5. Increasing contraceptive prevalence: Overall contraceptive prevalence Increased from 271 in 1981 to 35% in 1984, resulting in a decline of the 138 139 L 975 (522-0176), Rural Technologies (522-0157), Export Development and Services (522-0207), Agricultural Research Foundation (522-0249), Natural Resources Management (522-0168), Small Farmer Livestock (522-0209), and Small Farmer Organization Strengthening (522-0252). As the assistance portfolio matures and new projects, such as Agricultural Productivity Enhancement (522-0292) and Small Business Development, (522-0241), come on stream, the impact of these efforts on agricultural production will increase. A.I.D. estimates that the Honduran activities it supports will increase agricultural production by $54 million in 1987 and $92 million in 1988. An evaluation of the Rural Trails and Access Roads project (522-0164), through which 1,500 kilometers of rural roads were reconstructed, indicated that rural roads can encourage small farmers to plant additional areas in higher-value cash crops and attract additional buyers to the rural areas, thereby raising farm-gate prices by 10% to 15%. The Rural Trails and Access Roads II project (522-0214) will continue to support the expansion of Honduras' sparse rural road network. Road and bridge infrastructure, financed under the Mosquitia Relief and Development project (522-0278), has given some 25,000 refugees living in the isolated Mosquitia vehicular access to area markets. Canals repaired under the same project are being used for transportation of people and goods using locally made dugout canoes. For example, a cattle farmer now can butcher early in the morning and transport his beef by canoe to a market in four hours, a trip which previously took up to 30 hours on foot. 3. Generating_export earnings: The Export Development and Services project (522-0207) is assisting Honduras to restructure its export promotion program, reduce the red tape involved in export procedures, implement incentive laws, ensure access to foreign exchange for exporters, and enact legislation to facilitate the establishment and use of private export processing zones. Through the support provided by this project and the Agricultural Research Foundation project (522-0249), an additional $6 million in foreign exchange was earned from the export of nontraditional agricultural products such as cardamom, cocoa, plantains, ornamentals and shrimp. Export earnings from nonagricultural exports increased $3 million. These results are additive to the $17 million increase in export earnings from coffee. 4. Productive employment: A.I.D. is supporting a number of employment generation activities, including construction of productive infrastructure, creation of export processing zones, and development of commercial agricultural and irrigation activities, which are projected to generate 74.000 person-years of employment between 1986 and 1990. A.1.0. is also assisting micro-industries through the Small Business Development project (522-0205). In addition, ESF balance-of-payments support to Honduras should result in 226,000 person-years of employment between 1986 and 1990. The Human Resources Development Council (CADERH), under an operational program grant (522-0257), is improving the quality of skills training and making training more relevant and responsive to private sector needs. Equity and Broad Participation in Development 5. Increasing contraceptive prevalence: Overall contraceptive prevalence increased from 27% in 1981 to 35% in 1984, resulting in a decline of the 139 976 977 9,000 students enrolled in primary schools, an increase of 33% over a five-year period. A series of field studies and pilot projects have helped define the dimensions of primary school inefficiencies and were used to design the recently initiated Primary Education Efficiency project (522-0273), which will improve the quality of primary school instruction by paiting new textbooks, radio classes, in-service teacher training, and a ter standardized system of instructional objectives and tests. That broject will also finance development by a Honduran private voluntary organization, AVANCE, of an innovative popular publication for new readers and will expand its national rural weekly newspaper, El Agricultor, which supports adult education and literacy. population growth rate to a still very high level of 3%. In the public sector, A.I.D. is supporting the Ministry of Health's efforts to increase contraceptive prevalence by the provision of technical assistance, training, and contraceptives. In the private sector, A.1.D. is supporting the program of the Honduran Family Planning Association (ASHONPLAFA) through the Private Sector Population Program operational program grant (522-0286). A 1984 survey indicated that ASHONPLAFA was responsible for 53% of the oral contraceptive users and 70% of voluntary sterilizations. A.1.D. is assisting ASHONPLAFA to establish five new regional family planning centers, each to be staffed and equipped to deliver the full range of family planning services. A study on the use of oral contraceptive users revealed that about 50% percent of oral contraceptive buyers were men buying oral contraceptives for their wives, indicating that men are active participants in decisions regarding family planning. Based on these findings, ASHONPLAFA has focused an information and communication campaign on increasing male participation in family planning and is planning a voluntary vasectomy program. 6. Increasing life expectancy: The still unacceptably high estimated infant mortality rate of 70 per 1,000 reflected in recent surveys is a vast improvement over earlier levels, i.e., 118 per 1.000 in the early 1970s, 88 per 1.000 in 1980 and 78 per 1,000 in 1983. Over 70% of all children under five years of age have been immunized. The number of deaths attributable to diarrhea, the leading cause of infant and child mortality, declined by 50% in the 1981 to 1985 period. Over 90% of identified tuberculous patients have been treated. As a result of these improvements, the Ministry of Health estimates that life expectancy has increased to 62 years; however, accurate data on life expectancy will not be available until the 1988 census. With assistance provided under the Health Sector 1 project (522-0153), Honduras has made many important policy decisions in support of primary health care. It has developed a priority cluster of child survival programs: maternal and child health, including birth spacing and breast-feeding, growth monitoring and nutrition; diarrheal disease control; environmental health; and malaria control. Much remains to be done, however, in both the public and private sectors to see that these important policy changes are translated into an expanded service delivery system. In the Mosquitia, an antimalarial medication campaign reached 9,000 persons. DPT vaccinations were provided to 2.000 Miskito Indian children, and six nutrition centers are providing 500 children with one balanced meal each day. In addition to supporting maternal and child health, school feeding, and food-for-work programs of the Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) and Catholic Relief Services (CRS), P.L. 480 Title II commodities were used to feed Hondurans who were forced to leave the Nicaraguan border area. 7. Increasing the proportion of primary school students completing the sixth grade : A.I.D.'s education program is working to improve the quality of instruction and the cost effectiveness of educational services in Honduras, with emphasis on the primary school level. With A.I.D. assistance, enrollment in primary schools in Honduras grew from 601,000 in 1980 to 737,000 in 1984, an increase of 23% in four years. Enrollment is projected to reach 997,000 by 1991. In the Mosquitia, there are about i providing improved shelter, water and sanitation service solutions: 11.D. and the GOH are implementing a series of programs that will restore liquidity to the housing finance system and support a substantial increase 's the production of shelter and on-site infrastructure during the 1987 to 1989 period. Policy dialogue, carried out primarily in the context of the Housing Guaranty programs, has resulted in the adoption of a new national shelter policy. As a result, provision of housing affordable to low-income faniiies is being emphasized, and steps are being taken to involve the private sector, including private and voluntary agencies, in furnishing low-cost shelter to both urban and rural households. Housing Guaranty Pesources, complemented by local currency financing, are being used to meet the most critical housing needs in the short term. Simultaneously, these Tesources are being used to leverage Honduran and other donor financing for the housing sector and to continue the policy dialogue to establish the framework for addressing shelter sector needs over the long term. During the last five years, the Rural Housing improvement project (522-0171) and other A.I.D. housing programs have financed nearly 18,000 low-cost shelter solutions in urban areas, 11,000 home improvements and 252,000 water and sanitation solutions in rural areas. Under the Rural Water and Sanitation project (522-0166), 300 rural water systems, 1,400 wells with hand pumps. thos 58,000 latrines have been constructed. More than 1.000 communities have received programs in schools and community centers on the benefits of rinking pure water, using latrines, washing hands before eating, keeping wells and latrines clean, and maintenance of pumps and water systems. These programs are reinforced by the distribution of posters, Calendars, photonovels, and comic books. Other: A.I.D. support to the Federation of Private Voluntary Organizations of Honduras (FOPRIDEH) project (522-0266) has helped to consolidate the efforts of nonprofit organizations addressing development needs which are contemplated in the Central American Initiative goals. Also through the Special Development Activity Project (522-0169), 40 small self-help Community grants were made to organizations such as Parent-Teacher Associations for school and furniture construction, and to citizen groups for village water, sanitation, or health center projects. Strengthening Democratic Institutions: 9. Providing Honduran citizens with educational opportunities in the United States' democratic environment: A.I.D.'s objective of exposing Hondurans to educational opportunities in the United States has been supported through regional funding under the Central American Peace 140 141 977 9,000 students enrolled in primary schools, an increase of 33% over a five-year period. A series of field studies and pilot projects have helped define the dimensions of primary school inefficiencies and were used to design the recently initiated Primary Education Efficiency project (522-0273), which will improve the quality of primary school instruction by providing new textbooks, radio classes, in-service teacher training, and new standardized system of instructional objectives and tests, That project will also finance development by a Honduran private voluntary organization, AVANCE, of an innovative popular publication for new readers and will expand its national rural weekly newspaper, El Agricultor, which supports adult education and literacy. 8. Providing improved shelter, water and sanitation service solutions: A.1.D. and the GOH are implementing a series of programs that will restore liquidity to the housing finance system and support a substantial increase in the production of shelter and on-site infrastructure during the 1987 to 1989 period. Policy dialogue, carried out primarily in the context of the Housing Guaranty programs, has resulted in the adoption of a new national shelter policy. As a result, provision of housing affordable to low-income families is being emphasized, and steps are being taken to involve the private sector, including private and voluntary agencies, in furnishing low-cost shelter to both urban and rural households. Housing Guaranty resources, complemented by local currency financing, are being used to meet the most critical housing needs in the short term. Simultaneously, these resources are being used to leverage Honduran and other donor financing for the housing sector and to continue the policy dialogue to establish the framework for addressing shelter sector needs over the long term. During the last five years, the Rural Housing improvement project (522-0171) and other A.I.D. housing programs have financed nearly 18,000 low-cost shelter solutions in urban areas, 11.000 home improvements and 252,000 water and sanitation solutions in rural areas. Under the Rural water and Sanitation project (522-0166), 300 rural water systems, 1,400 wells with hand pumps, and 58,000 latrines have been constructed. More than 1.000 communities have received programs in schools and community centers on the benefits of drinking pure water, using latrines, washing hands before eating, keeping wells and latrines clean, and maintenance of pumps and water systems. These programs are reinforced by the distribution of posters. calendars, photonovels, and comic books. Other: A.I.D. support to the Federation of Private Voluntary Organizations of Honduras (FOPRIDEH) project (522-0266) has helped to consolidate the efforts of nonprofit organizations addressing development needs which are contemplated in the Central American Initiative goals. Also through the Special Development Activity Project (522-0169), 40 small self-help community grants were made to organizations such as Parent-Teacher Associations for school and furniture construction, and to citizen groups for village water, sanitation, or health center projects. Strengthening Democratic Institutions: 9. Providing Honduran citizens with educational opportunities in the United States' democratic environment. A.1.0.5 objective of exposing Hondurans to educational opportunities in the United States has been supported through regional funding under the Central American Peace 141 978 979 (5 millions) 22.5 Scholarships Program (522-1000). Funds for this program are being shifted to Honduras' bilateral program beginning in FY 1987. Thus far, 128 Hondurans have been sent for long-term academic training and 425 for short-term technical training. Fields of study emphasize priority areas for Honduras' development such as agriculture, education, health, and business administration. On the average, academic scholars had completed 15 years of study and short-term scholars six years of formal education before going to the United States for training. 10. Consolidating the legislative, judicial, and electoral and other democratic processes affecting the rights of citizens: A.I.D. assistance to Honduran democratic institutions, through the regionally funded Administration of Justice (597-0002) and strengthening Democracy (597-0003) projects, provided commodity and logistic support to the National Elections Tribunal (INE) for the 1985 national elections and support to the Honduran Judicial and legislative systems. Assistance to the TNE helped Honduras to conduct fraud-free, nonviolent elections and to transfer power from one cemocratically elected government to another for the first time in over 50 years. Follow-on activities have included a legislative orientation seminar and observational travel for members of the Honduran Congress to the United States. The Honduran Congress is exploring the establishment of an administrative and legislative support center. A.1.D. will expand it assistance through the Strengthening Democratic Institutions project (522-0296), to be initiated in FY 1987. Public sector (employment generation, rural roads, health and sanitation, education) counterpart for donor supported projects (4.1.D., World Bank, and Inter-American Development Bank) Credit programs (rural technologies, hontraditional exports, agricultural cooperatives) Private and voluntary organization support Total 34.8 17.5 13.7 88.5 D. Reprogramming of funds for Honduras during FY 1986 resulted In the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation Document: ($ millions) (5000) TOTAL ARDN PN HE EHR SDA ESF - Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 104.5 26.7 4.1 5.8 4.5 2.0 61.2 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following information on assistance to Honduras in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: Actual Y 1986 Obligations 105.2 26.6 5.2 5.8 4.2 "Funds were increased for private sector population programs. 2.0 61.2 A. Training. A.L.D. provided training in FY 1986 to 558 people from Honduras in the fields of agriculture (176), education (46), health (66), business (215), public administration (25), labor (20), and engineering (10) E funds and Programs provided to Honduras in FY 1986 through nongovernmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-Governmental (5 millions) B. The types of goods_associated in FY 1986 with ESF-financed balance-of-payments assistance by A.I.D. to Honduras were as follows: Government of Honduras (5 millions) DA ESF Types of Goods Value 15.1 U.S. Raw Materials U.S. Machinery, Spare Parts TOTAL $37.5 million $15.8 million $53.3 million P.L. 480 Title 1 P.L. 480 Title 11 TOTAL 0 0 3.3 ( 342) 0 0 (1002) (152) 29.2 61.2 13.8 (66L) (100%) (100%) 18.4 104.2 (852) C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. ESF-financed balance-of-payments assistance to Honduras was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Honduras for the following uses in FY 1986. (The equivalent of $48.7 million in local currency was available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986, and the equivalent of $87.5 million was added during FY 1986.) Although ESF and P.b. 480 resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of V.S. raw materials and goods by Honduran business. Local currency associated with ESF and P.L. 480 sales supported expansion of private sector and nontraditional exports and the activities of private and voluntary agencies. 142 143 979 1 (5 millions) 22.5 Public sector (employment generation, rural roads, health and sanitation, education) Counterpart for donor supported projects (A.I.D., World Bank, and Inter-American Development Bank) Credit programs (rural technologies, nontraditional exports, agricultural cooperatives) Private and voluntary organization support Total 34.8 17.5 13.7 88.5 8 D. Reprogramming of funds for Honduras during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. 'Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation Document: (5 millions) ($000) TAL ARDN HE EHR SDA ESE 5 -Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 104.5 26.7 4.1 5.8 4.5 2.0 61.2 -Actual FY 1986 Obligations 105.2 26.6 5.2* 5.8 4.2 2.0 61.2 *Funds were increased for private sector population programs. E. Funds and Programs provided to Honduras in FY 1986 through nongovernmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-Governmental 7$ millions) Government of Honduras (5 millions) DA ESF P.L. 480 Title I P.L. 480 Title II TOTAL 15.1 0 0 3.3 18.4 ( 34%) 0 0 (100%) (15%) 29.2 61.2 13.8 0 104.2 (662) (100%) (100%) 0 785%) 7 Although ESF and P.L. 480 resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of u.s. raw materials and goods by Honduran bus SS. Local currency associated with ESF and P.L. 480 sales supported expansion of private sector and nontraditional exports and the activities of private and voluntary agencies. 143 980 981 continued support is proposed for the increased exportation of forest products by the private sector under the Forestry Development project (522-0246) to be initiated in FY 1987. Additional funding is proposed for the expansion of Honduras' irrigation systems under the Irrigation Development project (522-0268), for bolstering Honduras' farmer cooperatives and organizations through the Small Farmer Organization Strengthening project (522-0252), and for expanding private sector research or agronomic problems under the Agricultural Research Foundation project (522-0249). 3. Generating export earnings funds obligated in previous years will be used to advance this objective. Proposed new FY 1988 obligations are limited to Program Development and Support and Private and Voluntary Organization activities. FY 1988 Progran A.I.D. proposes $100 million in Economic Support Funds (ESF), $40.362 million in Development Assistance (DA), $12.0 million in P.L. 480 Title 1. and $ 2.659 million in P.b. 480 Title II resources. Economic Stabilization: ($94.5 million in ESF, $12 million in P.L. 480 Title I, and $3.15 million in DA (SDA) 1. Substantial Improvement in macroeconomic performance Balance-of-payments assistance through the Economic Stabilization Facility (522-0283) and technical assistance through the Policy Planning and Institutional Development project (522-0325) are requested to support Honduran efforts to further improve macroeconomic performance in FY 1988. The program will build on progress already made toward rationalizing public sector operations, enhancing export competitiveness, and promoting private Investment. Measures to be supported include tighter control of central government and decentralized agency budgets, continued transfer to the private sector of state-owned or controlled productive enterprises, and further tariff reform. P.L. 480 Title I resources are also requested to finance the importation of wheat needed to supplement domestically produced basic grains. Continued support is requested, under Privatization of State-owned Enterprises (522-0289), for Honduras' efforts to divest Itself of state-owned or controlled productive enterprises through the financing of technical and other assistance. Local currency associated with the balance-of-payments and P.L. 480 Title I programs will support the expansion of private sector and non traditional exports, the activities of private and voluntary agencies and other rural groups and entities whose activities support Honduran and U.S. development strategies, the local costs of development activities assisted by A.I.D. and other donors, and other Honduran development efforts. Laying the Basis for Long-term Growth ($22.2 million in DA: $16.8 million ARON, $2.5 million EHR, and $2.9 million SDA) 2. Increasing agricultural production A.1.D. proposes to initiate two major activities to advance this objective in FY 1988. The Agricultural Productivity Enhancement project (522-0292) will increase agricultural incomes and productivity: boister agricultural research, extension, and education efforts; and improve the management and protection of Honduras' natural resource base, building on the findings of evaluations of the terminating Natural Resources Management (522-0168) and Rural Technologies (522-0157) projects. These evaluations showed that soil conservation activities could double the production of basic grains by small farmers, at a benefit/cost ratio of 3.1, while protecting Honduras' eroding natural resource base. Appropriate technologies were shown to have increased by 19% the real income of beneficiary familles cultivating a traditional farm of less than five hectares. 4. Productive employment funds are requested to continue the Human Resources Development Council (CADERH) operational program grant (522-0257), which is improving the quality of skills training and making training more relevant and responsive to private sector needs. The Small Business Development Support project (522-0241) will stimulate and expand small business development throughout Honduras. The project also will provide support for infrastructure services needed to attract agro-industry to secondary cities, for the establishment of Agribusiness Development Centers which will nurture the wurket-driven expansion, for the creation of agro-industries, and for credit lines. This project is being initiated in response to high rates of unemployment, local market contraction, and limited investment opportunities outside Honduras' two major metropolitan areas. {quity and Broad Participation in Development ($2.7 million in P.L. 480, Title 11 and $13.2 million in DA: $200,000 ARDN, $4.0 million POP, $4.25 million HE/CS, $4.65 million EHR, and $100,000 SDA). 5. Increasing contraceptive prevalence funds are requested for a new Health Sector Il project (522-0216) in FY 1988. In addition to advancing the life expectancy objective discussed below, this project will support the Ministry of Health's efforts to increase the number of active users of contraceptives. A.I.D. also requests funds in support of the Honduran Family Planning Association (ASHONPLAFA) program through the Private Sector Population Program operational program grant (522-0286). 6. Increasing life expectancy The proposed Health Sector Il project will build on the accomplishments of the Ministry of Health, aided by the Health Sector 1 project (522-0153) over the last six years, in accordance with recommendations made in the recent Health Sector I evaluation, the new project will focus on those administrative and organizational systems whose development are essential to achieving a sustainable child survival program. P.L. 480 Title II resources are requested to continue support to the maternal and child 144 145 981 Continued support is proposed for the increased exportation of forest products by the private sector under the Forestry Development project (522-0246) to be initiated in FY 1987. Additional funding is proposed for the expansion of Honduras' irrigation systems under the Irrigation Development project (522-0268), for bolstering Honduras' farmer cooperatives and organizations through the Small Farmer Organization Strengthening project (522-0252), and for expanding private sector research on agronomic problems under the Agricultural Research Foundation project (522-0249). 3. Generating export earnings Funds obligated in previous years will be used to advance this objective. Proposed new FY 1988 obligations are limited to Program Development and Support and Private and voluntary Organization activities. 1 4. Productive employment Funds are requested to continue the Human Resources Development Council (CADERH) operational program grant (522-0257), which is improving the quality of skills training and making training more relevant and responsive to private sector needs. The Small Business Development Support project (522-0241) will stimulate and expand small business development throughout Honduras. The project also will provide support for infrastructure services needed to attract agro-industry to secondary cities, for the establishment of Agribusiness Development Centers which will nurture the market-driven expansion, for the creation of agro-industries, and for credit lines. This project is being initiated in response to high rates of unemployment, local market contraction, and limited investment opportunities outside Honduras' two major metropolitan areas. Equity and Broad Participation in Development ($2.7 million in P.L. 480, Title II and $13.2 million in DA: $200,000 ARDN, $4.0 million POP, $4.25 million HE/CS, $4.65 million EHR, and $100,000 SDA). 5. Increasing contraceptive prevalence Funds are requested for a new Health Sector Il project (522-0216) in FY 1988. In addition to advancing the life expectancy objective discussed below, this project will support the Ministry of Health's efforts to increase the number of active users of contraceptives. A.I.D. also requests funds in support of the Honduran Family Planning Association (ASHONPLAFA) program through the private Sector Population Program operational program grant (522-0286). 野 ​6. Increasing life expectancy The proposed Health Sector II project will build on the accomplishments of the Ministry of Health, aided by the Health Sector I project (522-0153) over the last six years. In accordance with recommendations made in the recent Health Sector I evaluation, the new project will focus on those administrative and organizational systems whose development are essential to achieving a sustainable child survival program. P.L. 480 Title II resources are requested to continue support to the maternal and child 145 983 982 613 0005 oos 1.250 09 229 1.320 900 2.153 1.24 ; 1,952 23 SSS ; .33 1.197 060L 36 1.703 210 health, food-for-work, and refugee feeding programs of the Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE), as well as the maternal and child health and food-for-work programs of Catholic Relief Services (CRS). 1. Increasing the proportion of primary school students completing the sixth grade (54.65 million in DA and $1.25 million in P.T. 480 Title II): Funds are requested to continue the Primary Education Efficiency project (522-0273) in order to assist Honduras to increase the quality of its primary education system and to improve retention and graduation rates. P.L. 480 Title II resources are also requested to continue support for the school feeding program of CARE. 8. Providing improved shelter and water and sanitation service solutions A.I.D. will continue implementation of the Housing Guaranty program and the Shelter Sector program (522-0324) which provides technical assistance to support that program. No funds are required in FY 1988. Strengthening Democratic Institutions (55.5 million in ESF, $1.9 million DA TARDN)): 9. Providing over 1,500 Honduran citizens with educational opportunities in the United States. democratic environment: A total of $5.5 million in ESF is requested to advance this objective, for continued funding of the Central American Peace Scholarship program (522-1000). 10. Consolidating the legislative judicial and electoral and other democratic processes affecting the rights of citizens ($1.9 million DA, exclusive of regional funding): In addition to advancing this objective with regional and bilateral funding provided in previous years, A.I.D. proposes to continue supporting the Honduran land titling program through the Small Farmer Land Titling project (522-0173), and through small self-help community activities. These activities will be carried out in close cooperation with the Peace Corps. 005 CSO 0001 00 ISI 120 2.414 2.410 147 2.525 3.670 2.128 20,762 15.119 5.776 : 200 730 1.000 2.500 3.300 10.000 2.700 S.165 2.62. 3.942 0504 20.970 21,000 006 730 730 002 000 9.000 9.000 3.000 2.500 2.62 2.750 3:30 20.970 20.970 $.000 .000 21.000 13 19.000 . SS : S 94 S 31 20 25 € 77 aa 7 L 4 Mission Director: John Sanbrallo -AR IN DONARC RICULTURE. RURAL AMD AGRICULTURAL RESEARCM 525LT JRE SECTOR 11 1 .. Do 81 RURAL TRAILS/ACCESS ROAD'S RURAL TECHNOLOGIES RURAL TRAIL SI ACCESS Rond's RESOURCES MANAGEMENT" NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT" RURAL MOUSING IMPROVEMENT RURAL'HOUSING INPROVEMEN 522-0157 522-0164 322-0166 SATURAL 522-0171 522-0171 II 2015 aor andrag Savick.RNER TITLING AND LL FARNER TITLING AND 324ALL SERVICES 2#ircos SUPPORT 522-0139 522-0 522-0150 10-225 1910-225 SL 10-225 146 983 کو پامال bu 23,00 buļ , 2133 ce s'utiz 00073 3000m SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIS! EAN C 83 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OR FY OS / INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOD PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYU6- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITUR! 5 - ESTIMATED FY97- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES A RICULTURE, RURAL JEV, AND NUTRITION 900 823 203 568 212 500 G 78 93 2.628 2.625 2.750 2.525 103 --- --- --- --- 3 77 3.942 6.000 4,000 3.570 215 62 --- L 79 21.000 21.000 21.000 20,782 DO 36 92 90 • 79 36 9.000 9.000 7.050 5.776 1,953 1.703 774 747 30 85 730 730 730 63 ... 163 --- 80 35 20970 20,970 20.970 15.119 O. $22-0164 L RURAL TRAIL S/ACCESS ROADS 3,496 2.355 87 3.900 3.900 2.700 2.126 1.000 533 200 900 133 $22-016 L 30 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 37 12.252 12.252 7.000 4.151 3.300 1.990 1.952 1.26 1.269 31 83 200 120 200 200 --- 23 60 81 33 3.300 3.320 3.300 2.614 ... 422 82 3,000 2.500 2.500 1.064 --- SS3 470 500 613 32 83 11.200 10.000 10.000 2.610 --- 1.197 --- 1.320 1,200 3.000 hese 522' HONDURAS 79 C 5,165 4.573 522-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 522-0139 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCM 522-3150 AGRICULT JRE SECTOR II 522-0150 AGRICULTURE SECTOR II 522-0157 RURAL TECHNOLOGIES 522-0164 3 RURAL TRAIL SI ACCESS ROADS 522-0168 6 90 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGE CENT 522-0171 RURAL MOUSING IMPROVENENT 522-0171 RURAL MOUSING IMPROVEMENT 522-0173 G SNALL FARNER TITLING AND SERVICES 522-0173 L SMALL FARMER TITLING AND SERVICES 'Roten to the planned project mary sheet 147 Cure of attority FY of fine ob option con- Alpet the column with an inte obligation des before December 31, 1000 or bond on the thorized dote. Por project with initial obligation des alto Decemb. 31, 1988 the FY of final obtion bon planned dose 984 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANS PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) $.?! AU "CR LATIN *19:24 AN CAR:33EAN C 83 , / • LFY OF RY OF INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIS LO LANNID AUTNO -THROUGN FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -9116c - ESTIMATED FY37- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURSS 647 63 406 2.307 1.223 830 OCCO 1.622 , 6.00 3,492 1,340 500 3 COOPERATIV! VLOPFAC4CM 3P; 500 354 --- COS 146 --- --- --- --- 3 ce 2.490 2.400 1.000 333 1,400 656 --- 005 DOO 750 7 73 7,200 7.000 --- 200 0022 582 --- 1.530 --- 2.000 936 1.000 1.135 --- 926 300 --- --- ... 2.399 --- 2.950 2.000 what TRAILS/ACCESS ROADS 11 5 1.315 1.315 200 315 76 ... 202 300 --- --- 230 35 TURAL TRAILS/ACCESS ROADS II 39 16.685 13.635 5.300 3.600 214 5,146 1.000 6.000 --- ... 26 thinailAIS SSS:58, 159, 7.100 --- --- --- --- 1.000 500 95 ?? 13.000 --- --- --- --- -- --- 1.000 750 : 97 co 5.300 1.005 005 2.000 --- --- 1.500 --- --- --- --- . --- --- L כי 15.03. 2.500 1.500 3.300 2.750 148 ... CARTOOGON Sureau roe LATERANERIC. HONDURAS -ISA é POPYO INITIAL PINAL OILIG OOLIO PLANNED AUTMO -THROUO PYO- OOLIO- EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES -ACTUAL OOLIG ATIONS XPON- OITURES 0 ATIONS -6110 -OSTIAATHV- OLIG SPON •TIONS OITURES 3.000 ad ESP OITURES 2 2.730 23.000 20.000 763 2.670 2.70 2.400 3. SDO So 153 175 110 438 SO 91 1.400 1.250 26 750 2.184 7.500 7.500 1.600 1.800 Share ANSI ORGANIZATIONS . ORGANIZATIONS SG 16 8.900 --- --- 2.000 1.000 600 , 1.000 --- --- 1.000 1.050 1.000 1.009 1.335 9.000 7.500 --- --- 36 91 L 15.000 --- 2.500 1. SOO 295 1.300 oos 91 1.100 2.500 2.500 1.400 13 1.200 3 05 OLICY ANALYSIS ANO TECNICAL SUPPORT 1.161 985 8. 2 26 18.000 --- --- --- 1.000 300 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY INNANCENENT --- --- 92 12.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.000 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ENNANCEMENT 300 --- --- --- 396 396 35 S8 20 sis --- 001L cogP OEVEL SERVICES --- 396 --- 97 1.010 90 1.01 005 --- 400 --- --- --- --- --- --- . --- C :: 200 150 CNDURAS PROJECT NO. IN TITLE $ !1 37 CS2, 1,239 4.250 327-0179 SMALL FAZER COF?! POVEINT 922-3176 54ALL FAY!2 CORE ! IMPRCV!!&T 16.000 16.000 9,000 8.547 922-0177 5. :-02:7 IX2T JIVELOPENT AND SV:CES 322-02:7 !1577 DEVILOPENT AND 5:AV!C!$ 922-022 ALL #5742 LIVESTOCK 3 33 95 3.000 3.000 2.000 522-3 5 ALL FARNER LIVS STOCK L 3336 10.000 10.000 CCOOL 2.518 522-3214 322-C214 522-92.1 SUPO27 52:-0261 INTRACTAC SSIN:50 TuS JPPORT iܕ :-:rܘ COSTAT O!VILOPET * PESTE DEVELOPINT ON barcu. ANO TITLE 620-225 AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FOUNDATION 522-0251 SNALL SCALO LIVESTOCK - OPG 522-0252 STRENGTHENING 522-02 S2 *** STRENGTNENING 522-0268 IRRIGATION DEVELOP 322-026. IRRIGATION DEVELOP 522-0269 522-0292 322-0292 22-0300 (ACOT) 522-1050 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 522-9999 79 PRIVATE AND VOL DRGANIZATIONS • OPG's och Cuneorto 149 condutore Di I. on the three 31, CFY of flotomon -APA. 985 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 522 MONDURAS CP 88 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIC LOP PLANNED AUTMO -TNROUGN FYYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86 OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED YO:- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 92 23,000 20.000 2.730 765 2.670 2.709 2.659 3.000 2.400 3.500 35 438 153 DOO 175 110 438 85 91 1.500 1.500 1.400 1.250 26 750 2.186 1.600 SMALL SARMER ORGANIZATIONS STRENGTHENING 1.900 95 91 8.500 --- --- --- 2.000 400 1.000 1.030 86 91 1.000 1.000 9.000 7.500 1.000 1.335 1.009 --- --- 2.500 --- 1,500 295 1.300 --- --- 1.400 139 --- 1,200 --- 1.161 2 18.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 1.000 300 92 12.000 --- ... --- --- --- --- 1.000 300 35 35 396 --- ... 376 396 396 ... 20 --- --- 87 90 1.010 --- --- --- --- 1.015 500 --- 400 C --- ... ... :: --- --- --- 200 150 522-0249 AGRICULTURE RESEARCH FOUNDATION 522-0251 . SMALL SCALE LIVESTOCK - OPG 522-0252 522-0252 L SMALL FARNER ORGANIZATIONS STRENGTHENING 522-0268 IRRIGATION DEVELOP 15.000 3.500 522-0268 L 86 IRRIGATION DEVELOP 522-0269 85 POLICY ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT 1. 100 2.500 2.500 522-0292 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY INNANCENENT 522-0292 IL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT 322-0300 TODEL COOP DEVEL SERVICES (ACDI) 522-1000 CENTRAL ANERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 322-9999 . 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 149 condon FYconco-Alpe in the courth in til obtiention de boter December 31, are bed on the thorend det. Perdita dondoo Duo 11, 10th FY al finalotion is dan planned dote 986 987 SUNSARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUZEAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LFY OF FY OF LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED 6 OBLIG OBLIG AUTHO CP 38 -TNROUGM FY8S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OGLISH EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 297.374 200.786 129,499 79,318 26.678 21,836 21.081 3,500 20,279 73 C :: 303 206 75 72 100 100 50 50 3 80 97 3,194 2.619 1.519 670 1. 100 566 575 600 450 85 1, 205 1. 205 1.205 1.151 --- ... 56 ... --- 91 3,000 --- --- -0. - --- 1.000 100 93 320 320 320 142 --- 178 --- --- 00 95 38 11.010 9,810 1.950 236 4.061 1.626 2.047 2.576 2.950 2.200 90 183 --- --- --- 133 70 --- 113 2.913 2.407 5.236 2.494 2.907 3,344 4.000 2.913 --- --- --- --- 150 CAISSO PY OF FO INITIAL OBLIG OILIO LOR PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGH YO- OOLIG- OPON- ATIONS OITURES OS 710 ACTUAL VO OLI- CNP ATIONS OITURES 200 TONS ORPO OITUROS SPOO OITUS SO C 100 - O ... 9.003 .7 3.200 1.00 2.720 1.079 2.000 10.76 12.04. 2.321 2.600 1.000 6.725 50 L 67 15.652 --- 315 225 --- 17 60 66 1.200 RURAL WATER AND SANITATION 322-0166 L RURAL VATER AND SANITATION 1.200 1.200 1.000 9.311 2.900 2.387 17.113 2.134 80 19. Soo 19.500 1.000 SOO --- --- 9.000 91 --- 100 01 6.000 107 160 --- --- 400 133 :5 $5 400 400 19 --- --- 75 57 35 95 75 So 32 .. 90 60 150 SS --- 336 1 SO 150 --- G 87 90 --- --- --- --- 200 --- --- 150 --- -- 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG's 151 has before Demeye who 522 MONDURAS 36,832 GRANTS 13.712 35.028 35.929 23.177 16.078 108,767 72.879 189,107 127.907 9.355 LOANS 9,129 14, 131 93,570 56,141 10, 212 16,749 POPULATION PLANNING 12.600 11,981 11.952 20.651 522-0000 3 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 322-0153 HEALTH SECTOR I 322-0201 3 83 CONNERCIAL RETAIL SALES • OP 522-0216 MEALTH SECTOR II 322-0240 G 93 LEADERSNIP POPULATION ED. OP: 322-0236 6 PRIVATE SECTOR POPULATION PROGRAM G 87 522-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 18.912 13.954 5,297 2.407 5.236 2.496 2.907 3.344 6.000 GRANTS 18. 912 13,954 3,297 LOANS NEALIN ca ANORICA DURA WONDURAS ADJECT NO. ANO TITLE 322-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 322-0133 NEALTH SECTOR 1 322-0133 NEAL IN SECTOR I 522-0166 S22-0216 HEALTN SECTOR TI 1.000 522-0216 TEALTH SECTOR II 322-0303 3 COMMUNITY MEALTN SEL MOTIV ACT > 522-0306 MOSQUITIA NEALTN CARE 522-0305 FUNR IL INST. STRENGTHENING 522-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 522-7999 cort Fotolo For 987 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 88 BURLAV FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISBEAN 322 -PROPOSED PYB&- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES WONDURAS -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LOP -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . LPY OP PY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG ONLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PLANNED AUTNO 50 50 317 100 47 200 710 859 79 C 1.075 G ... 2.000 1.009 2.720 3,200 5.003 6, 589 87 G 80 10.796 12.048 1.000 --- 2.321 2.500 15,652 6.725 80 87 L 17 15.652 15,652 --- 315 --- 225 1.200 643 80 86 1.200 1.200 --- 1.000 2.900 2.134 2.387 9.311 17.113 80 66 19.500 19.500 1.000 500 --- --- --- --- DO --- --- 91 9.000 1.000 100 ... --- 89 38 --- . --- --- .L 91 6.000 --- 107 --- 160 --- 133 400 35 400 400 ; 95 COMMUNITY MEALTH SELI MOTIV ACT --- 10 --- --- --- 57 75 35 5 95 75 75 SO --- --- --- 60 --- 32 60 --- 90 OS 86 150 150 150 FUNRIL INST. STRENGTHENING 1 50 .. --- --- --- G 07 90 150 209 --- --- --- --- --- --- 5 79 C PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 522-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 322-0153 MEALIM SECTOR I 522-0133 NEALIM SECTOR I 322-0166 G RURAL WATER AND SANITATION 522-0166 RURAL VATER AND SANITATION 522-0216 HEALIN SECTOR II 522-0216 TEAL IN SECTOR II 522-0303 $22-0304 NOSQUITIA MEALTN CARE 522-0305 522-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 322-9999 --- 151 'Non to the pred preject Coordy FY lition co-Arab this one with initial obligation don boton Decor 31, Ford Willion de Decor 31, 1903 the FY final blodion on planned code 886 989 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) DUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIILEAN S22 MONOURAS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LPY OF PY OF INITIAL PINAL G OILIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -TNROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CI 1 -ACTUAL FYI6. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -91180 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT -PROPOSED FY88- EXPEN ATIONS DI TURES 63.129 49,025 41.978 22.392 5,867 1.669 1.463 GRANTS 8.920 2.250 9.213 6,356 LOANS 21.977 13,873 41.152 35.132 3.460 3.214 1.463 32.765 CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 3.020 16.036 2.387 1.250 4,655 2.099 OOO 005's 1.000 322-0153 1LALIM SECTOR 1 6 00 2.100 97 1.450 $22-0216 LALIM SECTOR II .S 1.450 16 --- --- 1,200 2.000 ... --- --- 250 --- 2.000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT . 3.450 --- 1.450 GRANTS 1.200 3.450 2.000 250 LOANS 1.450 1.200 2.000 OSZ --- EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES --- 8 22.0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 79 C 2.730 2.088 181 665 os 60 50 SE OB 2.850 2..SO 2.850 1.991 655 ... 30 S5 304 16,850 16.850 16,850 9,616 5,747 522-0167 5 RURAL PRINARY EDUCATION 322-0167 L RURAL PRIMARY !DUCATION 522-0174 DEVELOPMENT AONINISTRAT 3 322-0234 ENVIRONAINTAL ED. II • OPG 322-0256 SENAN INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENINS, OPS 26 1.487 2.164 2.500 166 2.060 104 ... 33 93 6 75 75 32 1.000 1.000 800 474 200 --- 380 PVC 152 .:º.29-18", 2"..-- TIE -ACTUAL -A -NAK-O1100 - TNROUON PYO- ATIONS OITURES - 1190 A ANORICA CARIOOLA MONOURAS PROJECT NO. PY OP OP LOP ANO TITLE INITIAL FINAL PLANNO OILIO OBLIG AUTHO 322-0237 4.300 NUMAN RESOURCE DE COUNCIL 1.325 (CADORN) -020 322-0273 95 PRIMARY EDUCATION Err. 22.500 מוזס - ATIONS I TUROS ERATIO ATIONS OTTURES 1.000 1. PROPOSED - OOLTO ATIONS OITURES 2.900 2.000 SZ SS o 006.Z 3.000 3.311 1.30 3.000 2.SOO PRIMARY EDUCATION ere. 1 so 14.000 5.500 600 1.300 600 1.400 00. SO 90 400 400 307 s 93 247 170 ITIC INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING SO G 97 06 592 --- 265 300 100 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCNOLARSHIPS c --- --- ១ --- 200 200 -- ORGE 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG's 26,681 16.611 4.529 6.653 6.912 7.150 5.357 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 71.491 53.080 .631 6.795 3.929 2.336 6.953 3.925 5.750 6.957 GRANTS 40.661 30.730 30.8SO 22.350 16.ISO 9.616 600 5.747 1.550 2.087 1.600 00. LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 1.893 1.532 416 396 כ10 CO 304 200 175 79 с PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 383 399 3 CO 79 --- 30 100 100 C SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES s --- 100 03 CNANS ER OP CONSERCE 100 100 G - OPG - 124 61 200 315 --- 600 200 87 522-0273 522-0237 522-1000 6666-225 322-0000 522-016 922-0204 S020-225 3 SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 800 600 153 Com 989 --- SURNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SURLAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN CP 85 322 MONDURAS - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - TNROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES LOP PLANNED AUTND PY OP FY OP | INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 2.000 2.500 476 1.000 1.361 655 625 245 69 4.580 1,325 2.500 3.000 3.311 1.350 --- MUNAN RESOURCE DEV COUNCIL --- --- 3.000 26 95 28.900 22.500 900 1.400 600 1.500 600 --- L 86 95 522-0273 PRINARY EDUCATION EPP. 14.000 5.500 --- --- 58 170 267 93 5 387 6 85 86 430 480 100 --- 300 592 --- --- --- --- 592 97 90 200 200 --- --- --- --- --- --- 11 7.150 5.357 6.312 6.453 3.081 4.329 26,481 16,611 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 71.491 53.080 5,750 4,957 3.925 6,953 2.334 900 1,400 2.087 5.747 1.550 600 175 200 304 396 100 1.893 1,532 79 30 100 100 79 93 399 383 6 31 C SPECIAL DEVELOP NINT ACTIVITIES S 100 95 82 83 $22-0204 G CHANS ER OF COMMERCE - OPS 100 100 200 200 126 200 315 600 61 322-0257 (CADERN) - OPG 322-0273 6 PRINARY EDUCATION EFF. 322-0287 ITEC INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 6 522-1000 CENTRAL ANERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSNIPS 322-9999 G 79 C PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG's 6,795 3.9 29 9.631 GRANTS 40.641 30.730 30.850 22.350 9.616 16.350 LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 522-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 322-0169 86 87 322-0205 3 SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 800 600 'ton Con You Red on the wthorised 153 Nebolo bondowolon D31,1 doche Dece 31, 10th FY Fotion planned code 990 166 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARISSEAN 522 MONDURAS LPY OPPY OP I INITIAL FINAL 6 LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY83- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 97180 CP 36 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 35 450 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 21 --- 450 450 S. 100 5.100 06 20? 2.000 220 139 --- 291 1.550 1,558 1,300 1.500 06 9.550 8.800 6.000 --- --- 695 1.150 2.310 1,400 3,320 3 35 PUNJEM PAN AN DEV. FOUNDATION 58 132 132 132 5 6 ... 3 66 95 96 52 500 500 393 6 107 86 115 282 1,500 1.500 1.100 ... OC ... 750 --- 750 006 --- 6.000 --- 1.000 --- 1.100 1.336 2.650 1.500 87 87 1.700 --- --- --- . 1.700 1,200 1200-225 500 G SHELTER SECTOR PROGRAM 97 06 5.000 1.600 --- 6 87 --- --- 99 --- --- ... 1.000 800 100 10 Soo 200 11 --- --- -- --- --- 100 SO 154 O ANO CASIBULAN DURGA PO. LAIN 522 HONDURAS PROJECT -0. AND TITLE - A YOP INITIAL OBLIG PY OF PINAL ODLIG LO PLANNED AUTMO -THROUOM PO- DOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -1100 -ACTUAL OP ON- ATIONS OITURES -LA. OBAWIASI PROUD DOLIO TTONS exPN- OITURES SUS OITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 33.732 21.103 13.067 2.25 2.01. 1.592 7.500 OSZ- 69-533 0 - 87 - 32 GRANTS 7.067 2.243 2.01. 1.197 6.330 5.904 6.OSO 6.10 LOANS 23.102 12. JO 2 8.550 0.000 6.000 495 1.130 2.310 1.400 3.320 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND G 06 1.550 OSS 750 600 s22-0207 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES 92 4.500 4.500 1.000 2.000 6.000 6.000 2.000 3.000 --- 6 IRRIGATION DEVELOP 2.000 6.6 SO 3.000 os9.9 95 .6 PRINARY EDUCATION EP. 75.000 25.000 61.248 70.000 105.000 105.000 90.000 3.500 90 514.748 147.500 --- 1.900 --- 500 --- 1.000 39 1.000 1.700 1.200 --- OOS --- 1.700 :7 9 07 --- --- 1.000 5.900 1.000 --- 2.500 87 99 0069 --- 645 3 97 37 645 645 --- --- --- --- 2.561 1.200 5.500 3.000 3 37 06 18.311 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . 91190 522-0206 3 95 SMELTER POR TNE URIAN POOR II 322-0207 3 !XPORT DIV!LOPMENT AND SERVICES . 1 322-0207 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES 22-0263 322-0266 FOPRIDE INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTNENING 322-0269 G 35 POLICY ANALYSIS AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT 522-0289 5 RIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWN:0 ENTERPRISES 9620-225 6 STRENSTNENINS DENOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS 322-0325 POLICY PLANNING INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPN 6666-225 79 C PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 522-0269 AGRICULTURE RESEARCN POUNDATION 522-0266 S22-0273 522-0283 ECONONIC STAD FACILITY PROGRAM 322-0289 3 PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES 522-0296 6 STRENGTHENING DEADCRATIC INSTITUTIONS 322-0325 POLICY PLANNING ! INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPN 522-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 522-1000 CENTRAL ANERICAN PERCE SCHOL AR SMIPS 155 toto". tor con - AS 991 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ARICA ANO CARISSEAN 69-533 522 WONOURAS CP 85 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OP PY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN FY&S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY68- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 0 - 87 - 3. 1.197 6.350 5,906 4,850 6.109 695 1.150 2.310 1,400 3,320 ECONONIC SUPPORT UND G 84 90 1.550 --- --- --- --- 1.550 750 --- 800 6 92 6.500 --- --- --- --- 4.500 1.000 --- 2.000 6 86 6.000 --- --- 6.000 2.000 --- 3.000 DC. 6 86 95 6.650 --- --- 6.650 2.000 --- 3.000 90 75.000 25.000 514.748 147.500 61,248 70,000 105.000 105.000 93,500 90.000 --- --- 1.900 500 --- 1.000 07 37 1.700 --- --- --- --- 1.700 1,200 --- 500 G 87 99 6.900 --- --- --- --- 5.900 1.000 1.000 2.500 POLICY PLANNING & INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPU 387 --- 665 645 645 645 --- --- 87 90 18.311 2.561 1,200 5,500 3.000 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 33.732 21.102 13.067 2.245 2.018 1,692 7.500 8,214 6,250 9,429 GRANTS 7.067 2,245 2.018 25.182 12.382 8.550 8.800 LOANS 6.000 -0. 20. 522-0207 EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICES 522-0249 AGRICULTURE RESEARCN POUNDATION 322-0268 IRRIGATION DEVELOP 522-0273 PRINARY EDUCATION EFF. 522-0283 G 85 ECONOMIC STAB FACILITY PROGRAN 1.900 522-0289 86 PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES 522-0296 G STRENGTMENING DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS 322-0325 322-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 322-1000 CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 'ton to de projet er her 155 conto PY on co-prode the color with will be in tou before Debo 31,100 won the thoroud toote Formation Dec 31, the FY of final obligation en planned Gate 992 993 SUMMARY J ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN HOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 522 BUTELU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN NOU 235 PROJECT NO. AN) TIL LFY OF F 0 I IN:T: AL FINAL 09L; LOP PLANNE AUTM واقد -THROUGH FYBS- 03LIS- EXPEN- ITIONS DITUROS CD 88 - ACTUAL FY86- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT -PROPOSED FY99- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 562.934 148,145 75.000 25,000 61,246 70.000 GRANTS 136, 406 115,295 562,704 149.145 75.000 25.000 100.000 105.300 LOANS 61,249 70,000 136,406 115,295 COUNTRY TOTAL DO 100.000 105,800 TOTAL 1.051.492 425, 172 291.322 147,773 135.556 111,772 GRANTS 177,260 177,417 142.137 65,80 140.362 163, 476 LOANS 731,333 291,963 269,659 196, 209 99,969 89,094 149,135 142.658 81.793 146,869 15,587 22.679 128.062 136.877 14,602 30,548 12.300 26,599 230 "Refers to the new Celoton Foto-A 156 06 1.000 (0) X.DOG CL T.885. DOOL) Amo , DOO (L) 522-241 EDHA ONANT LOAN O CONDO Pusposo! To Otimulate and expand small business, specially agribusiness, throu out Honduras. Project Description: Honduras to characterized by high rates of unemployment, wall and distorted local markets, low levels of investment and entrepreneurial talent depressed rural economies, and high levels of capital flight. Host County and 96 ber DOTOTE The GOR and the private sector are collaborating to increase nontraditonal export, privatis cou productive enterprises and refore the legal basis for private meetor investment production and export. The expected changes in the import, export, agricultural development and other laws 111 Occur prior to project start-up. The proposed project will enhance local productive capacity of small enterprises and organize and support financial services for enterprises located in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, and 1mportant secondary cities throughout the country. Beneficiaries. It is estimated that approximately 20, 000 small businessmen, small far families and rural unemployed residing in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, and in secondary growth pole areas will be assisted by this projects. 200 Technical assistance will be furnished through the private sector to support and mature the market driven expansion of existing industries, create new ones, and provide support for financially troubled but commercially viable business ventures. Technical assistance will be furnished in administration, accounting, finance, marketing, and product processing. Major Outputs: All Years Secondary cities Participating as growth poles" Industrial, Agro-Industrial, Commercial and Service Enterprise Established Jobs Created (Thousands) 20 Addition to production ($ MILLIONS) 30 A.1.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project 3000) Technical Assistance 7,000 Training 1,000 Commodities 2,000 Credit 15,000 Total 25,000 The financial support fund will address the constraints faced by the small business community in the financial Barkets (e.B., low collateral, high risk, high loan monitoring costs). The credit 11ne will have a subordinate loan 11 ne for business activities, a risk sharing line, and market interest rates. It will finance both working and investment capital needs. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project will use private-sector-led development programs to promote small business expansion and reactivation of the rural economies. It will contribute to A.I.D.'s objectives of economic stabilization, increasing agricultural production, and export development. U.S FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principe Contractors or A Expenditures Obligatione Unllquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 For Ycor Obligatione Estimated Tote Cost Propound Fiscal Y 1,000 (G) 1,000 (L) 6,000 (G) 17,000 ( 1908 7,000 (G) 18,000 ft) 157 993 Funding Source DA PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET JAG, RD IN Health 1,000 (G) 1,000 (L) FY 88 1,000(G) MOTOSED OBLIGATION the hood 1,000 (L) Life of Prola Funding 7,000(G) 7 18,000(L) Estimated Find Oudon Estimated Completion Du of Project NEW Population ED. & HR Sol. Act Initia Obligation FY 88 FY 92 FY 93 67 GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING Purpose: To stimulate and expand small business, especially agribusiness, throughout Honduras. Project Description: Honduras is characterized by high rates of unemployment, small and distorted local markets, low levels of investment and entrepreneurial talent, depressed rural economies, and high levels of capital flight. Host Country and Other Donors: The God and the private sector are collaborating to increase nontraditional exports, privatize Gol productive enterprises and refor the legal basis for private sector investment, production and export. The expected changes in the import, export, agricultural development and other laws will occur prior to project start-up. The proposed project will enhance local productive capacity of sball enterprises and organize and support financial services for enterprises located in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, and important secondary cities throughout the country. Beneficiaries: It is estimated that approximately 20,000 small businessmen, small fara families and rural unemployed residing in Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula, and in secondary growth pole areas will be assisted by this projects. Technical assistance will be furnished through the private sector to support and mature the market driven expansion of existing industries, create new ones, and provide support for financially troubled but commercially viable business ventures. Technical assistance will be furnished in administration, accounting, finance, marketing, and product processing. Ma for Outputs: All Years Secondary Cities Participating as "growth poles" Industrial, Agro-Industrial, Commercial and Service Enterprise Established 200 Jobs Created (Thousands) 10 Addition to production ($ MILLIONS) 30 A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project (5000) Technical Assistance 7,000 Training 1,000 Commodities 2,000 Credit 000 Total 000 The financial support fund will address the constraints faced by the small business community in the financial markets (e.g., low collateral, high risk, high loan monitoring osts). The credit line will have a subordinate loan line for business activities, a risk sharing line, and market interest rates. It will finance both working and investment capital needs. Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This project will use private sector.led development programs to promote small business expansion and reactivation of the rural economies. It will contribute to A.I.D.'s objectives of economic stabilization, Increasing agricultural production, and export development. Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated U.S FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 1,000 (G) 1,000 (L) 6,000 (G) 17,000 (L Estimated Tot Cost 7,000 (G) 18.000L) HONDURAS Tide Small Business Development Support Project 522-0241 AD 3707 (115) 157 994 995 FY 93 HONDURAS PLAINED PROORWM RUNWAY SHEET Funding AG, RDIN Much moro D ORUGATION Agricultural Productivity Soura 1,000 (G) the Enhancement 1,000 (L) FY 88 1,000 (G) Uto a Project Funding Muam 522-0292 1.000 (2) 18,000 (G), 12,000 (L) Population ED.HR Sol. Ad Initidsligation Estimated Find ostandon Eromated Completion Dol Project PS OMAT LOAN COMITINUING FY 88 FY 92 Purpose: To increase agricultural sector productivity and Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This 1 incomes. project will assist the COH to increase agricultural sector production and productivity, while simultaneously strengthening Project Description: The institutional and human resource base its institutional, human, and natural resource bases. It is necessary to support sustained economic growth in the Honduras directly linked to achievement of the A.I.D. goal of laying the agricultural sector is inadequate. In addition, the natural basis for long-tere growth, and the objective of increasing resource base is rapidly being depleted due to destructive agricultural production. agricultural practices and the lack of appropriate land use policies. Host Country and Other Donors: The project supports the COH'S initiative to create both INTAGRO and the National Agricultural The project will have two sa for components: (1) agricultural Education Council. No other donors are providing similar research and extension: and (2) agricultural education and assistance. training Both components will improve the efficiency of the Honduran agricultural research, extension and education Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be small and system. By means of this project, the Honduran Institute of medium-sized farm families, who will realize an increase in Agricultural Technology (INTAGRO) will be supported as a productivity and income as a result of improved faraing decentralized research and extension service responsive to the practices. technological needs of small and medium sized farmers. Some project resources will be used to finance the construction of Outputs: All Years INTAGRO office and research facilities. Intagro Created and Functioning 1 National Agricultural Education The research and extension component will develop, adopt and Council Created and Functioning 1 disseminate appropriate soil and water conserving production Agricultural Professionals Educated/Trained 1,000 technologies for the main crops produced by small and mediua Small and Medium Sized Parn Families sized farmers. In so doing, it will build upon the With Increased Productivity Levels and Incomes X methodologies developed under the ongoing natural resources management and rural technologies project, Under the education A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project and training component, a national agricultural education (3000) council will be established to strengthen the training prograas Technical Assistance 7,000 of six Honduran agricultural institutions (three private and Institutional Developaent/Operational Support 10,000 three public) to upgrade the quality of their instructors. The Training 5,000 counc 11 will also help build the necessary linkages for Commodities 3,000 research, extension and training activities. Construction 5,000 Total 30,000 U. FINANCING in housends of dollar) Crinel Contracten Agen Obligations Expenditure Ministry of Natural Resources and Throu September 30, 1986 and Title XII Institution to be determined Latinated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Thrown Septomber 30, 1987 W YOHone Propondor Y 1988 1,0001G 1.000(L) 2.000 6) 11.000 (1.010.000 (G) 12,000 (L) AJO 3707 (11-08) 158 DO NOW MONTURAS ING. NON PLANNED NOONANOVANY SECT .000 (G) OOO OOLIGATION Health Sector II DA 1,000 (L) 000 (G) CS 1,000 (G) HE FYN 1,000(0) POP 2.000 Cukoroma Funding 12.000(G) 1 000(L) HE lotion 522-0216 ED.HR A Indian 600g (L) Lomoted in Ostien LottedConnotian ORANTS LOAN O con 1.000 (0) FY HR FY 91 Purpose To expand the coverage and increase the efficiency of the PY 92 Ministry of Healch. child survival program and the prinary health Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy consistent with A, The project care systes. objective of increasing life expectancy through reductions of infant and child mortality rates as a result of improved acceso to a package of child survival activities. Project Description: This Project will build on the accomplish- mente of the Ministry of Health aided by the Health Sector I Host Country and Other Donore : Child survival 1. the GOH'. highest Project over the previous six years. In accordance with the health priority. Other major health donors are UNICEF and the Pan recommendations of recent Health Sector I evaluation, the nev American Health Organization (PARO). UNICEF', assistance is focused project will focus on developing administrative and organizational on child survival at the service delivery level rather than the ystens essential to achieving a sustainable child survival institutional sustainability level. PAHO' resources are directed program. For example, the planning and managesent of Immunization to assistance in technical areas. An Inter-American Development services will be decentralized, and the information and supervision Bank project is planned to complete and place in operation certain systems will be improved to bring the Ministry's increasing operations research skills to bear on identifying the most cost- partially constructed hospitals and health centers. effective ways of delivering services. with regard to diarrheal Beneficiaries: The project will benefit the urban and rural poor, disease control, emphasis will be given to increasing cosmunity especially pregnant and lactating women and children between the access to oral rehydration salts (ORS) through both public and The procurement, distribution, etorage and ages of six months and two years. private sector channels. other control processes of providing ORS will also be improved. Outputs: All Years Rural health centers with regular vaccine supplies 550 Based on the results of a planned nutrition survey, the project Percent increase in vaccinated infants 15 will also address the problem of malnutrition, focusing on pregnant 20 and lactating women and on children becween the ages of six sonths Percent increase in children treated with ORS Activities will include: (1) establishment of a Percent of children with growth monitoring chart and two years. growth bonitoring system to facilitate improved supervision and Percent increase of new mothers exclusively breast evaluation; (2) support of family planning through the strengthening feeding for first four months 15 Family planning users 30,000 of logistics, supervision, and evaluation systems: (3) support of the acute respiratory infection program through development of basi Iaproved drinking water systems х Latrines installed X maanagement systems; and (4) funding of selected rural water and Other donors are expected to support the sanitation Interventions. spraying component of the malaria control program; Health Sector 11 A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project will provide support to consolidate gains made in the program'. (3000) Technical assistance 3,000 entomology and physical control activities emphasizing better Commodities Training 9,000 4,000 targeting Other costs TOTAL 4,000 U. I FINANCING (in Chousands of dollars) 20.900 Expenditure Principal Contractor Audio Unliguldated Oblation Thou optomba, 1986 Ministry of Health. Contractors to be determined. Lomoted to Yo 1987 Eet Throneoptomber 1987 Estimated Tota 7,000(G) 1,000(L) 0,000 5,000 (L214,000 G) 6,000 (L) Mopo de Y 1988 159 AD 370-7 (11-48) Ioan YOON 995 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SWEET Funding AG, RO IN Weath morosED OBLIGATION Sourdo 1,000 (G) fin toddler Health Sector II FY88 1,000(C) POP 2,000(G)CS Lite of Project Funding 14,000(G) DA 2,000 (G) CS 1,000(G) HE 1,000(L) HE 6,000 (L) NEW 522-0216 Inidd Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Doa of Project 12 CRANTS LOAN FY 88 FY 91 FY 92 Purpose: To expand the coverage and increase the efficiency of the Relationship of Protect to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project is Ministry of Health's child survival program and the primary health consistent with A.I.D.'s objective of increasing life expectancy care system. through reductions of infant and child mortality rates as a result of improved access to a package of child survival activities. Project Description: This Project will build on the accomplish- ments of the Ministry of Health aided by the Health Sector I Host Country and Other Donors: Child survival is the GOH's highest Project over the previous six years. In accordance with the health priority. Other major health donors are UNICEF and the Pan recommendations of a recent Health Sector I evaluation, the new American Health Organization (PAHO). UNICEF's assistance is focused project will focus on developing administrative and organizational on child survival at the service delivery level rather than the systems essential to achieving a sustainable child survival institutional sustainability level. PAHO's resources are directed progras. For example, the planning and management of immunization to assistance in technical areas. An Inter-American Development services will be decentralized, and the information and supervision Bank project is planned to complete and place in operation certain systems will be improved to bring the Ministry's increasing partially constructed hospitals and health centers. operations research skills to bear on identifying the most cost- effective ways of delivering services. with regard to diarrheal Beneficiaries: The project will benefit the urban and rural poor, disease control, emphasis will be given to increasing community especially pregnant and lactating women and children between the access to oral rehydration salts (ORS) through both public and ages of six months and two years. private sector channels. The procurement, distribution, storage and other control processes of providing ORS will also be aproved. Outputs: All Years Rural health centers with regular vaccine supplies 550 Based on the results of a planned nutrition survey, the project Percent increase in vaccinated infants 15 will also address the problem of malnutrition, focusing on pregnant Percent increase in children treated with ORS 20 and lactating women and on children between the ages of six months Percent of children with growth monitoring chart х and two years. Activities will include: (1) establishment of a Percent increase of new mothers exclusively breast growth monitoring system to facilitate improved supervision and feeding for first four months 15 evaluation; (2) support of family planning through the strengthening Family planning users 30,000 of logistics, supervision, and evaluation systems; (3) support of Improved drinking water systems х the acute respiratory Infection program through development of bas14 Latrines installed х management systems; and (4) funding of selected rural water and sanitation interventions. Other donors are expected to support the A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project spraying component of the malaria control program; Health Sector II (5000) will provide support to consolidate gains made in the program's Technical assistance 3,000 entomology and physical control activities eaphasizing better Commodities 9,000 targeting Training 4,000 Other costs 4,000 TOTAL $20.900 U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollan) Principal Contracton or And Obligations Expenditur Unliouldete Through September 30, 1986 Ministry of Health. Contractors to be Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 determined. Esrimated Throun September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligations Estimated Total Cort Propound Fiscal You 1988 4,000 6) 1,000(L) 10,000 (C) 5,000(L) 12,000 6,000 (L HONDURAS 1,000(L) Population ED. a HR Sol. Act 1,000(G) COMMINLANG AD 3707 (11-05) 159 966 997 ODORAN HONDURAS PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tido Funding AG, RD &N PROPOSED OBLIGATION Private Voluntary Organization Source tin thousand oldoerd DA 200 (G) 200 (G) FY 88 Life of Project Funding 700 Continuing O NEW Population ED. & HR Number 522-9999 Sel. Act. Initial Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANT O LOAN 3 CONTINUING 200 (G) 100 (G) FY 79 FY Continuing FY Continuing Project Purpose: To increase the productivity and improve the employment opportunities, and advance A.I.D.'s development quality of 11fe of low income groups in Honduras, which will objectives in Honduras. contribute to the Cental American Initiative (CAI) goals of increased equity and broader participation in de velopment. Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries will be lov-income people in both the rural and urban areas of Honduras. Project Description: The project will enhance productivity and quality of 11 fe for the urban and rural poor by consolidating Host Country and Other Donors: The GOH and other donors the efforts of non-profit organizations addressing development contribute to the activities of PVOs operating in Honduras needs related to CAI goals and not addressed through other through the provision of funding, personnel, equipment and A.I.D. assisted projects. Steps will be taken to assure these conRodities used in specific project efforts. A.I.D.'s project activities complement ongoing activities. Project resources will be closely coordinated with such assistance to encourage will be used to support and coordinate the efforts of local and cooperation and maxialze development impact. Key implementing U.S. private voluntary organizations (PVO) directly involved institutions will be seven U.S. and local private voluntary in iaproving delivery of basic agriculture, credit, education, organizations involved in promoting the development of Honduras. and health services important for improving productivity of low income groups. Ma for Outputs: All Years Increases in small farmer production X Although these activities are not envisioned as being one Established rural drinking water systems package, the OPGs will be coordinated to reprove impact. A key Strengthened extension systems X element of this approach will be technical assistance required Established and functioning nutrition surveillance system X to institutionalize PVOs as effective private sector Increased seall business investor base X participants in Honduras' development efforts. The technical Entrepreneur training assistance will assist with: (1) design of PVO adainistrative Private Voluntary Organization program support х systems; (2) development of training programs; and (3) specialized expertise in agrigultural production, rural health A.1.D. Pinanced Inputs care delivery, non-foreal education, and private (5000) entrepreneurial development. Technical Assistance 400 Training 100 Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy The Commodities 200 project will directly support a principal objective of the Total 700* A.I.D. program in Honduras, 1.e., to assist the Honduran private sector and, through non-profit organizations, to *PY 88 Only establish a solid base for short- and long-tera economic growth. The project will directly assist Hondurans by stimulating the expansion of productive activities and U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contracton or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 BAS Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligatione Estimated Total Cont Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 700 Continuing Continuing 160 AID 370-7 (11-95) Panama 161 997 Panama 161 998 COUNTRY: (525) PANAMA FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 2,227 PER CAPITA GNP. ...... (DOLLARS, 1984) MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )PETRO PRODUCTS ,BANANAS 1,980 . SHRIMP ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 2.6% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 6.7% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) 2.OX LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 72.0 (1970) TOTAL 65.5 EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 161 (1984) 153 (1985) 193 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 11% (1984) 10% (1985) 10% MAJOR INPORTS( 1984)PETROLEUM PROO. ,MFRD. GOODS MACH. & TRANS IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S NILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 456 (1984) 450 (1985) 545 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 22% (1984) 19% (1985) 22% TRADE BALANCE (S WILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) -648(84) -824(85) -654 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES JAPAN VENEZUELA MALE 70.1 FEMALE 74.1 MALE 64.0 FEMALE 66.5 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1980) TOTAL 87% MALE 87% FEMALE 87% AGRICULTURE EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 73.3% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 0.2% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (3 MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP 319 31.6% (1984) 9% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 120 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...1970) 2.8% (1978) 1.8% (1986) 2.1% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 4@x (1986) 58% MAJOR CROP (S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 5 SUBSISTENCE : CORN , BEANS-ORY RICE (1986) 3 35% (1985) CASH: BANANAS ,RAW SUGAR ,COFFEE 20% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS USING CONTRACEPTION. (1979) 61.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) BANANAS ,RAV SUGAR COFFEE POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , CORN ,OIL SEEDS (0-14YRS) 37.0% (15-64YRS) 58.2% (65+ YRS) 4.7% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE 25 (1980) INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 27% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES (1981) 1.013 MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE. STREP. THROAT 865 (83) 886 (84) MEASLES-ROUGEOLE 916 TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DEATH.. (1980) CEREBROVASCULAR COND. PERINATAL MYOCARDIAL INFAR (1982) 1,148 (83) 1. 114 (84) 1. 175 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) 102% (1982) -283 (83) -228 (84) - 259 DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1980) 82% AS % OF TOTAL EXPENOITURES. % . % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP. .) · % ( ) • % PRIMARY. (1982) TOTAL MALE 116 FEMALE SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 65.5 MALE 62. FEMALE 71.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOO. POST SECONDARY. (1961) TOTAL 22.6 MALE 22.4 FEMALE 22.6 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) (1983) 207 (84) 216 (85) 98 EQUIVALENT TO 0.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1965) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1904) 162 : Title 11 Tide 1 P.L 480 PANAME TOTALS Other" Grmt Loan Economic Support Fund Grant Loan Development Assistance Category ET 图​% 999 ND 370-2003) prior TY. Regionale Bilaterald Regionale TOTALS Bilateral de Category U.S. Participants Academic: degree noeking Third Country Participants during the FY & carryover otai in training from the ola-training refers to the sum of participant new starts 28 185 316 144 285 AUT 23 Actual) FY 1986 8 Total 501 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' A CLASU, AMDP) 252 608 T (Estimated Total Participants funded under regional programs lengo, Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipanta funded under bilateral programs. 860 286 505 A 51 740 225 480 T (Request) 25 FY 1988 Total TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours (Actual) FY 1986 Totul full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE (Estimated) 37 58.75 FY 1987 21.75 58.75 21.75 FY 1988 Footnotes: TOTALS $2,098,000 in FY 1986. 24,540 and $263,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of 1 The total includes reobligation of $1,835,000 deobligated in FY 1985 19,334 29,343 PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) (Estimated) 15,625 3,709 19,334 FY 1987 FY 1987 19,334 0 OT (Request) LE a 16L 163 999 PANAMA Category PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 18,798 19,334 7,490 3,709 11,308 15,625 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 19,343 5,432 13,911 0 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 5,742 0 5,742 10,000 5,557 4,443 TOTALS 24,540 1 19,334 29,343 P.L. 480 Title 1 Title 11 TOTALS 24,540 19,334 29,343 Footnotes: 1. The total includes reobligation of $1,835,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $263,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $2,098,000 in FY 1986. FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 25 21.75 21.75 38 37 37 Foreign National TOTALS 63 58.75 58.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hour. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Raquest) Aъ TC Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 28 23 51 185 555 740 225 480 705 Regional 144 285 429 57 28 51 51 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 13 8 21 25 35 10 25 35 Regional TOTALS 185 316 501 252 608 860 286 505 791 O{n-training refers to the sum of participant now starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the d Participants funded under bilateral programa Academic: degree seeking Participants funded under regional programs lego, CLASE, AMDP). AID 370-2 ) 10 prior FY. 163 1001 1000 U.S. private investment in the country is the third largest in all of Latin Agerica, greater than in all the neighboring countries combined. Also, a pipeline across Panama now transports Alaskan oil destined for the United States' east coast. PANAMA Introduction Panama's proximity to Central America's trouble spots and its improving but still weak economic situation provide some reason for concern for Panama's continued political and economic stability. A.1.0. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Panama's development has followed a pattern dictated by its geography and the presence of the Panama Canal. The canal and related international commercial and financial activities dominate the country's economy. They give the economy its dual nature -- a high-income, internationally-oriented service sector adjoining the Canal, contrasted with a poorer, agriculturally-oriented economy comprising the rest of the country. Constraints on Panama's economy are its limited natural resources and agricultural potential, and its small domestic market. Furthermore, the open, dollar-based economy facilitates international commerce and finance, but is susceptible to capital flight and worldwide trends in trade, inflation and interest rates. A.I.D.'s basic goals in Panama, as throughout Central America, are those of the Central American Initiative: economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, equitable distribution of the benefits of growth, and strengthening democratic institutions. A.I.D.'s specific objectives in Panana are to: (1) assist the government in implementing its fiscal stabilization program; (2) assist in the transition to a leaner, more efficient public sector, including the divestiture of public enterprises; (3) encourage the transition from an economy based on import substitution to one based on efficient private sector production and exports; (4) induce private investment in the production of agricultural commodities for which Panama has an economic comparative advantage and a potential for export; (5) support policies and programs to conserve and rationally exploit natural resources and forests which are rapidly being depleted; (6) encourage the mobilization of local private resources for housing production; and (7) promote increased participation in local government and foster efficient planning and delivery of municipal government services. Financial Stabilization Panama faces continuing economic problems requiring financial discipline, additional policy reform and external assistance. An interventionist public sector philosophy has held sway since the early 1970s, resulting in a bloated public sector, distortion of the economy's price structure and resource allocation, substantial public sector deficits and the creation of a huge foreign debt. Financial instability has resulted from the growth of the public sector and the huge debt it has accumulated, neither of which can be supported by the stagnating productive sectors of the economy. with the passage of reform legislation in early 1986, the stage has been set for an economic restructuring and greater reliance on market forces. Changes in the labor code provide incentives for increased productivity at Tower costs. The Industrial Incentives Law will reduce tariffs, eliminate most import quotas and reduce protection levels, thus creating a more competitive economy. The Agricultural Incentives Law will encourage production of commodities for which Panama has a comparative advantage. Panama's efforts are being supported by both the banking community and multilateral donors. An agreement was reached with foreign commercial banks in October 1985 for the rescheduling of $580 million of 1985-1986 maturities. Panama's stand-by agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), signed in July 1985, was suspended in early 1986 but is now back on track. The government is negotiating with the world Bank for a second structural adjustment loan. Significant volumes of world trade pass through the Panama Canal and pipeline. The 1977 Panama Canal Treaties increased Panama's role in the operation and maintenance of the Canal. The U.S.-Panamanian partnership in operating the Canal has worked well, and this positive relationship will continue to be important as we move toward turning over complete control to Panama in the year 2000. A.L.D.'s efforts to assist Panama in achieving financial stability have been principally through Economic Support Fund (ESF) budgetary support, coupled with policy dialogue to encourage implementation of economic policy reforms. These reforms are directed to fostering the growth of the private sector, reducing and making the public sector more efficient, and reducing the public sector deficit to more manageable levels. Since December 1984, A.I.D. has provided ESF cash transfers amounting to $55.7 million to assist the Government of Panama (GOP) in dealing with its difficult financial position. Without these funds, further cuts would have been required in an already under-funded investment budget. Fiscal austerity began in 1983. By the end of 1985, the public sector annual deficit had been reduced from $462 million in 1982 to about $100 million. For 1986, the deficit was targeted at $62.4 million. Thus far, the burden of austerity has fallen largely on public sector investment. The biggest factor in the reduction of the deficit was the decline in public sector capital investment, which fell 40% from the 1981-1984 average to $248 million in 1985. During FY 1986, the reform momentum was sustained. A draft National Housing Policy has been produced and is circulating within the government for review. A draft civil service bill has also been prepared and is circulating for comments within the government. Studies have been prepared 164 165 1001 U.S. private investment in the country is the third largest in all of Latin America, greater than in all the neighboring countries combined. Also, a pipeline across Panama now transports Alaskan oil destined for the United States' east coast. Panama's proximity to Central America's trouble spots and its improving but still weak economic situation provide some reason for concern for Panama's continued political and economic stability. A.1.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s basic goals in Panama, as throughout Central America, are those of the Central American Initiative: economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, equitable distribution of the benefits of growth, and strengthening democratic institutions. A.I.D.'s specific objectives in Panama are to: (1) assist the government in implementing its fiscal stabilization program; (2) assist in the transition to a leaner, more efficient public sector, including the divestiture of public enterprises; (3) encourage the transition from an economy based on import substitution to one based on efficient private sector production and exports; (4) induce private investment in the production of agricultural commodities for which Panama has an economic comparative advantage and a potential for export; (5) support policies and programs to conserve and rationally exploit natural resources and forests which are rapidly being depleted; (6) encourage the mobilization of local private resources for housing production; and (7) promote increased participation in local government and foster efficient planning and delivery of municipal government services. Financial Stabilization A.I.D.'s efforts to assist Panama in achieving financial stability have been principally through Economic Support Fund (ESF) budgetary support. coupled with policy dialogue to encourage implementation of economic policy reforms. These reforms are directed to fostering the growth of the private sector, reducing and making the public sector more efficient, and reducing the public sector deficit to more manageable levels. Since December 1984, A.I.D. has provided ESF cash transfers amounting to $55.7 million to assist the Government of Panama (GOP) in dealing with its difficult financial position. Without these funds, further cuts would have been required in an already under-funded investment budget. Fiscal austerity began in 1983. By the end of 1985, the public sector annual deficit had been reduced from $462 million in 1982 to about $100 million. For 1986, the deficit was targeted at $62.4 million. Thus far, the burden of austerity has fallen largely on public sector investment. The biggest factor in the reduction of the deficit was the decline in public sector capital investment, which fell 40% from the 1981-1984 average to $248 million in 1985. During FY 1986, the reform momentum was sustained. A draft National Housing Policy has been produced and is circulating within the government for review. A draft civil service bill has also been prepared and is circulating for comments within the government. Studies have been prepared 165 1003 1002 of nine state-owned enterprises that are candidates for divestiture. As part of its divestiture efforts, the GOP has sold a sugar mill, has disposed of the assets of the state's agricultural machinery enterprise, and is planning to divest the state's seed company and three additional state enterprises. productivity and strengthen contributions of private sector agriculture and agro-industry to increase employment and enhance economic activity. A.L.D.'s strategy is to support: (1) government policy and institutional refores which systematically provide open access by the private sector to operate in domestic and export markets and which free the market from price regulations; (2) carefully selected research, training and extension programs to intensify land and labor use with high productivity potential; and (3) improved management and use of natural resources. These three major and interrelated interventions will be conducted simultaneously. Economic Growth Private Enterprise. A.1.0.'s strategy is to support GOP policy reforms which increase private investment, production, and jobs in industry and services. This encompasses: (a) a systematic deregulation of government control of market activity; (b) increased reliance upon free market forces in both domestic and world markets; (c) development of the capacity to introduce improvements in productivity in both the public and private sectors (e.g., technology transfer, management improvements, skills training); and (d) strengthening the public sector in those areas which will contribute to promoting private sector development (e.g., investment and export promotion). A major first step toward policy reform in the agricultural sector was taken in March 1986 when the National Assembly approved reforms to the Labor Code and passed new Industrial and Agricultural Incentive laws. This legislation set the stage for a freeing of the domestic market from price controls and a reduction in the barriers protecting Panamanian agriculture from foreign competition. Implementation of the legislation is being developed through a five-year plan, with major policy inputs through resources made available by the A.I.D.-supported Agricultural Policy formulation and Management project (525-0247). The draft plan is now under review by both the public and private sectors. Major institutional strengthening of technology generation and transfer processes, largely in the public sector, is being supported through the Agricultural Technology Development (525-0180) and the Agricultural Technology Transfer (525-0227) projects. Through the investment Council of Panama project (525-0239), A.I.D. is providing resources to assist in the promotion and improvement the climate for private investment and increased job opportunities. Export market information is being provided to the private sector, and additional efforts are addressing the need to promote the establishment of new export-oriented foreign and domestic firms in Panama. The Small Business Development project (525-0240) is providing credit, technical assistance and management training for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs with labor-intensive enterprises. d New production and storage technology for onions, developed with assistance provided through A.I.D.-supported projects, is being adopted by farmers. New pasture technology is being tested by beef producers. The Agricultural Cooperative Marketing project (525-0222) is assisting the strengthening of fledgling marketing processes through the development of improved market technologies and identification and exploitation of external markets. It has helped achieve a major breakthrough in using technical criteria for extending marketing loans. A.I.D. support for conservation and management of natural resources is provided through the institutional development of the Natural Renewable Resources Agency (RENARE) under the the Natural Resource Management project (525-0248). RENARE is expanding to a national level the work initiated in 1980 for the canal area under the watershed Management project (525-0191). Support for the national project is conditional on the National Assembly passing a law transforming RENARE into an autonomous institute with its own budget and management control. Equity and Broad Participation in Development In FY 1987. A.I.D. Will initiate a Private sector Export Finance project (525-0261), which will finance medium- and long-term investment credit for exporters in Panama through a private Panamanian development finance institution. This project fills an important gap in credit availability for export-oriented ventures. In FY 1987, the Product Development and Productivity Improvement project (525-0272) will provide assistance to improve the productivity and thus the competitive position of Panamanian firms, and will assist those firms in developing cost-effective methods of introducing and producing new products. During the FY 1985/1986 period, the Investment Council of Panama reported success in promoting an estimated $32 million in new investments in Panama, resulting in some 4.500 employment opportunities. In the case of the Small Business Development project (525-0240), many of the private banks participating in the program are taking advantage of the guarantee mechanism of the project and are using more of their own funds for lending purposes than had been anticipated. This has leveraged the A.1.0. resources, making the total dollar amount of funds invested greater than originally anticipated. During this period, $787,000 in credit has been provided to 51 enterprises, creating approximately 110 job opportunities. Agriculture. The potential for agricultural growth through enhanced productivity has not yet been adequately tapped in Panama. A "freeing" of the market, combined with improved institutional capacity to produce and transfer technology by both the public and private sectors, will stimulate Panama has been successful in spreading many of the benefits of past growth, as indicated by the level of primary and secondary education and the life expectancy of its population. However, given the current economic crisis faced by the GOP, the austerity measures required over the medium tern will require careful setting of budget priorities to avoid reversing the gains achieved to date. A.I.D. assistance in this area focuses on increasing the supply of low-cost housing as a means of assuring wider benefits to the majority of the population. 167 166 1003 productivity and strengthen contributions of private sector agriculture and agro-industry to increase employment and enhance economic activity. A.I.D.'s strategy is to support: (1) government policy and institutional reforms which systematically provide open access by the private sector to operate in domestic and export markets and which free the market from price regulations; (2) carefully selected research, training and extension programs to intensify land and labor use with high productivity potential; and (3) improved management and use of natural resources. These three major and interrelated interventions will be conducted simultaneously. A major first step toward policy reform in the agricultural sector was taken in March 1986 when the National Assembly approved reforms to the Labor Code and passed new Industrial and Agricultural Incentive laws. This legislation set the stage for a freeing of the domestic market from price controls and a reduction in the barriers protecting Panamanian agriculture from foreign competition. Implementation of the legislation is being developed through a five-year plan, with major policy inputs through resources made available by the A.I.D.-supported Agricultural Policy Formulation and Management project (525-0247). The draft plan is now under review by both the public and private sectors. Major institutional strengthening of technology generation and transfer processes, largely in the public sector, is being supported through the Agricultural Technology Development (525-0180) and the Agricultural Technology Transfer (525-0227) projects. New production and storage technology for onions, developed with assistance provided through A.I.D.-supported projects, is being adopted by farmers. New pasture technology is being tested by beef producers. The Agricultural Cooperative Marketing project (525-0222) is assisting the strengthening of fledgling marketing processes through the development of improved market technologies and identification and exploitation of external markets. It has helped achieve a major break through in using technical criteria for extending marketing loans. A.I.D. support for conservation and management of natural resources is provided through the institutional development of the Natural Renewable Resources Agency (RENARE) under the the Natural Resource Management project (525-0248). RENARE is expanding to a national level the work initiated in 1980 for the canal area under the Watershed Management project (525-0191). Support for the national project is conditional on the National Assembly passing a law transforming RENARE into an autonomous institute with its own budget and management control. Equity and Broad Participation in Development Panama has been successful in spreading many of the benefits of past growth, as indicated by the level of primary and secondary education and the life expectancy of its population. However, given the current economic crisis faced by the GOP, the austerity measures required over the medium term will require careful setting of budget priorities to avoid reversing the gains achieved to date. A.I.D. assistance in this area focuses on increasing the supply of low-cost housing as a means of assuring wider benefits to the majority of the population. 167 1005 1004 Scholarships. Training in the United States is being provided to large nunders of disadvantaged Panamanians with resources from the Central America Peace Scholarships project (597-0001). Currently 254 students are enrolled in academic training and 128 students are studying in a wide range of technical fields. Scholarships are also provided to key groups in Panamanian society which are likely to play leading roles in Panama's political and economic evolution. This exposure to democracy in the United States by large numbers of young Panamanians should have a profound and beneficial influence on democracy in Panama. Training under the project will be expanded during FY 1987 for an estimated 184 undergraduate and graduate scholarships, plus 231 candidates in specialized programs for managers and technical specialists from both the private and public sectors. Low-income housing production has in recent years been a public sector role. Production has been inefficient, costly, and inadequate for the needs. A.I.D. support has been focused on three principal elements: (1) assisting the government's efforts to prepare and promulgate a national housing policy which defines clearly the roles of the public and private sectors, with emphasis on utilization of the latter; (2) dssisting in improving the administrative and financial management of the public sector to increase efficiency; and (c) stimulating the private sector to increase its role in housing finance to the maximum extent possible. During FY 1986. Housing Guaranty programs (525-HG-010 and 525-HG-011) provided almost 2.500 new units and home improvement loans, generating direct and indirect employment estimated at 500 jobs. Most loans were for lots, services and home improvements which promote labor-intensive construction and local development. Accomplishments in the shelter sector also include: (1) implementation of a series of measures to strengthen the National Mortgage Bank (BHN), Panama's principal low-cost shelter finance institution, and the Ministry of Housing (MIVI); (2) a national debate on limiting the market intervention of MIVI to only the lowest-cost housing solutions; and (3) the design and authorization of a low-cost private sector housing program. A key accomplishment was the agreement between the Social Security Agency (CSS), BHN and the GOP to restructure BHN repayments to CSS of deposits made from 1973 to 1983. This agreement and its execution are critical to the financial stability of BHN. In FY 1987, building on these changes, A.1.0. will implement a $25 million Private Sector Low-Cost Housing Guaranty project (525-HG-013) to leverage private resources and increase private construction. The project should generate employment and income in the construction sector and stimulate manufacturing. transportation and finance. A.I.D. will also assist in the execution of the national housing policy currently being debated. free and Denocratic Trade Unions. Continued support to trade unions is being provided through the industrial Relations Services project (525-0275) to strengthen the collective bargaining process and increase the role of trade unions as constructive participants in a national dialogue on development policies. Administration of Justice. With regional resources. A.I.D. is supporting public and private efforts to strengthen those institutions which are essential to the development of a fair, efficient and accessible system of justice. During FY 1985 and FY 1986, Panama participated in the Regional Administration of Justice project (596-0122) through training, conferences, workshops and technical assistance in specialized areas. Panama sent two representatives to the 1985 American Bar Association Annual Conference in Philadelphia, two Supreme Court Justices to the inter-American Judicial Conference, and two representatives to the 25th Inter-American Bar Association Convention, in Acapulco, Mexico. Six Panamanians participated in a conference for legislators in Guatemala City, Panama has also sent a lavyer to participate in the 1986-1987 graduate law program in public administration at the University of Costa Rica Graduate Law School. in February 1986, the Panamanian Bar Association sponsored the Second Central American Lawyers Conference with support from this project. To support Panana's efforts to enact a new Judicial Code in FY 1986, the project funded a technical assistance advisor to Panama's Judicial Commission. Strengthening Democratic Institutions and Processes International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985, Section 709 a Section 109 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Panama in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: While solid gains have been made by Panama in the social services, its democratic institutions are still fragile. After many years of military-dominated government and only a brief recent exposure to democracy, Panamanian democratic institutions require careful nurturing to flourish. to strengthen Panama's democratic institutions, A.I.D. is providing support for the following activities: Local Government. Local government programs managed by elected municipal officials will be assisted with resources provided by the Strengthening Local Government project (525-0282) in order to strengthen fledgling but promising democratic institutions and to encourage more local-level decision making. This project will assist popularly elected municipal government officials to plan, finance and provide municipal services. A series of training and technical assistance activities will be introduced to augment the capacity of local government to respond to the needs of their constituencies, to establish local government procedures that promote grass-roots political organization and to strengthen an independent municipal development institution to assist local governments to perform. A. Training: A.I.D. provided training during FY 1986 to a total of 501 participants from Panama in the fields of agriculture, technology transfer, agricultural technology development, private sector development, development planning and strengthening democratic values. General areas of studies were as follows: maritime field (47); business administration (60); engineering (47); farming for rural youth (90), agribusiness (2); agricultural sciences (45); computer sciences (24); electronics (12), vocational training (25); economics (7); education (13); multi-disciplinary 168 169 1005 Scholarships: Training in the United States is being provided to large numbers of disadvantaged Panamanians with resources from the Central America Peace Scholarships project (597-0001). Currently 254 students are enrolled in academic training and 128 students are studying in a wide range of technical fields. Scholarships are also provided to key groups in Panamanian society which are likely to play leading roles in Panama's political and economic evolution. This exposure to democracy in the United States by large numbers of young Panamanians should have a profound and beneficial influence on democracy in Panama. Training under the project will be expanded during FY 1987 for an estimated 184 undergraduate and graduate scholarships, plus 231 candidates in specialized programs for managers and technical specialists from both the private and public sectors. Free and Democratic Trade Unions. Continued support to trade unions is being provided through the Industrial Relations Services project (525-0275) to strengthen the collective bargaining process and increase the role of trade unions as constructive participants in a national dialogue on development policies. Administration of Justice. With regional resources, A.I.D. is supporting public and private efforts to strengthen those institutions which are essential to the development of a fair, efficient and accessible system of Justice. During FY 1985 and FY 1986, Panama participated in the Regional Administration of Justice project (596-0122) through training, conferences, workshops and technical assistance in specialized areas. Panama sent two representatives to the 1985 American Bar Association Annual Conference in Philadelphia, two Supreme Court justices to the Inter-American Judicial Conference, and two representatives to the 25th Inter-American Bar Association Convention, in Acapulco, Mexico. Six Panamanians participated in a conference for legislator's in Guatemala City Panama has also sent a lawyer to participate in the 1986-1987 graduate law program in public administration at the University of Costa Rica Graduate Law School. In February 1986, the Panamanian Bar Association sponsored the Second Central American Lawyers Conference with support from this project. To support Panama's efforts to enact a new Judicial Code in FY 1986, the project funded a technical assistance advisor to Panama's Judicial Commission. International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985, Section 709 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Panama in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training: A.I.D. provided training during FY 1986 to a total of 501 participants from Panama in the fields of agriculture, technology transfer. agricultural technology development, private sector development, development planning and strengthening democratic values. General areas of studies were as follows: maritime field (47); business administration (60); engineering (47); farming for rural youth (90), agribusiness (2); agricultural sciences (45); computer sciences (24); electronics (12), vocational training (25); economics (7); education (13); multi-disciplinary 169 1006 1007 sciences (44); municipal training (12); labor (8); cooperatives (5); export promotion (11); Industrial maintenance (20); other technical sciences (7); agriculture (22). (525-0280) with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MICI) will restructure and streamline the MICI to actively support exports, private sector output and employment. This project will support private sector initiatives through appropriate changes in administration, regulation, service and pronotion activities and will promote economic growth through piport-oriented services. Investment and export growth also will be promoted through the ongoing Private sector Export Finance project (515-0261). B. The_types of goods and services associated in FY_1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Panama are as follows: None for Panama in FY 1986. (ESF used for budget support). C. Local Currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Panama : None in FY 1986. (U.S. dollar is the medium of exchange). D. Reprogramming of Funds for Panama during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document. the Agricultural policy formulation and Management project (525-0247) will focus on activities which have been identified as having considerable potential for increasing national income through liberalization of GOP policies, revitalizing and restructuring of selected government organizations, and improving production and marketing techniques. Policy constraints and governmental procedures which restrict and impede agricultural development will be identified, and strategies for reducing or piloinating these constraints will be developed. The Natural Resource Management project (525-0248) will provide credit and technical assistance for private sector reforestation and improved public management of critical watershed areas, including the Panama Canal watershed. (000) TOTAL ARON PN EHR SDA ESF -Estimated FY 1986 Obligation (5000) 22,942 8,122 100 1,446 7,532 5,742 -Actual FY 1986 Obligation ($000) 24,540 7,950 100 946 9,802 5,742 pulty and Broad Participation Development ($15 million HG, $2.28 oillion DA: $1,428,000 ARDN, $100.000 POP, $450,000 EHR, and $50,000 SDA). The Private sector Low-Cost Shelter program (525-HG-013) will promote private sector financing and construction of low-cost units in Panama City and secondary cities. The program will be channeled through private savings and nortgage banks and private savings and loan associations. The project will help to reorient private sector resources to address the Substantial low-income housing problem that has evolved due to rapid urbanization and an inadequate public sector response. Funds are also requested for continuation of the Agricultural Cooperative Marketing project (525-0222), and operational program grants to the Panajuru-Zamorano School (525-0285) and the Private sector Scholarship Foundation (525-0258). E. Funds and programs provided to Panama in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: (5000) Non-Governmental Government of Panama 11,523 (61%) DA ESF TOTAL 7.275 5,742 13,017 (397) (100%) (53%) 11.523 (477) FY 1988 Program A.I.D. requests a total of $10 million ESF and $19.34 million DA for Panama in FY 1988, broken down as follows. Strengthening Democratic Institutions and Processes ($4.4 million ESF, $6.6 alilion OA $600,000 ARON, $190,000 POP, $367,000 HE, $4.4 million EHR, and $1.0 million SDA). Funds are requested for continuation of U.S. training under the Central America Peace Scholarship project (525-1000), which was regionally funded until FY 1987. Scholarships will provide undergraduate and graduate education in the United States as well as specialized programs for managers and technical specialists from private and public Enterprises. Approximately 280 students will be enrolled in academic prograns and about 230 students in technical fields of training, Financial Stabilization, ($5.6 million in ESF) A.I.D. proposes to provide a $5.6 million cash transfer for budget support and to encourage economic policy reform and the streamlining of public sector operations. The proposed program will assist the GOP to implement a state-enterprise divestiture program in order to (a) rationalize the functions of government by reducing public sector participation in commercial enterprises; and (b) reduce public sector employment. Economic Growth ($10.7 million in DA: $6.0 million ARDN, $800,000 EHR, $3.8 million SDA). A.I.D. proposes to support the GOP's efforts to create employment and rekindle economic growth through the private sector. A.I.D. assistance will support economic policies and activities conducive to private sector growth. The proposed Private Enterprise Support project Continued funding is also requested for the Strengthening Local Government Project (525-0237) being initiated in FY 1987. Finally, A.I.D. requests continued support for the constructive role of the labor movement through a regional OPG to the American Institute for free Labor Development (AIFLD). Additional efforts will be made to strengthen those institutions which are essential to the development of a fair, efficient and accessible system of justice. *ission Director: Ronald Levin 170 171 1007 (525-0280) with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MICI) will restructure and streamline the MICI to actively support exports, private sector output and employment. This project will support private sector initiatives through appropriate changes in administration, regulation, service and promotion activities and will promote economic growth through export-oriented services. Investment and export growth also will be promoted through the ongoing Private Sector Export Finance project (525-0261). The Agricultural Policy Formulation and Management project (525-0247) will focus on activities which have been identified as having considerable potential for increasing national income through liberalization of GOP policies, revitalizing and restructuring of selected government organizations, and improving production and marketing techniques. Policy constraints and governmental procedures which restrict and impede agricultural development will be identified, and strategies for reducing or eliminating these constraints will be developed. The Natural Resource Management project (525-0248) will provide credit and technical assistance for private sector reforestation and improved public management of critical watershed areas, including the Panama Canal watershed. Equity and Broad Participation in Development ($15 million HG, $2.28 million DA: $1,428,000 ARDN, $100,000 POP, $450,000 EHR, and $50,000 SDA). The Private Sector Low-Cost Shelter program (525-HG-013) will promote private sector financing and construction of low-cost units in Panama City and secondary cities. The program will be channeled through private savings and mortgage banks and private savings and loan associations. The project will help to reorient private sector resources to address the substantial low-income housing problem that has evolved due to rapid urbanization and an inadequate public sector response. Funds are also requested for continuation of the Agricultural Cooperative Marketing project (525-0222), and operational program grants to the Panajuru-Zamorano School (525-0285) and the private sector Scholarship Foundation (525-0258). Strengthening Democratic Institutions and Processes ($4.4 million ESF, $6.6 million DA: $600,000 ARDN, $190,000 POP, $367,000 HE, $4.4 million EHR, and $1.0 million SDA). Funds are requested for continuation of U.S. training under the Central America Peace Scholarship project (525-1000), which was regionally funded until FY 1987. Scholarships will provide undergraduate and graduate education in the United States as well as specialized programs for managers and technical specialists from private and public enterprises. Approximately 280 students will be enrolled in academic programs and about 230 students in technical fields of training. Continued funding is also requested for the Strengthening Local Government project (525-0237) being initiated in FY 1987. Finally, A.I.D. requests continued support for the constructive role of the labor movement through a regional OPG to the American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD). Additional efforts will be made to strengthen those institutions which are essential to the development of a fair, efficient and accessible system of justice. Mission Director: Ronald Levin 171 1009 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOS! PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAPS) BUREAU POR LATIN INRICA AND CARIDIEAN 525 PANANA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • 1 FT OF FT OP 1 INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 91190 - 91150 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- 481DNS DITURES ESTILATED P137- OBLIG- EXPEN 41 TONS DITURES -91160 - PROPOSED FY88- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION 0000-525 349 500 005 009 700 200 699 1,200 283 500 500 0010-525 1 79 0016 6.760 AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 9,000 260 716 633 3.238 200 200 9881 1,886 8,150 1,221 --- 665 .. --- --- 77 9.700 9,700 9.700 9815 2.295 700 L 79 79 55946 9,665 8,703 --- 9,685 982 1008 00 --- ... 9 34 3 3.700 2.300 1,130 09 1.200 425 DO --- 294 --- 50C 1 AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE NARKETING 006 006'5 5.900 --- 207 1.000 6213 1.000 1.000 1230-525 9 82 85 AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSPER 1.500 1.S06 1,500 187 --- 29 ... 70 --- 300 2220-5ls L 32 $$ AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSPER 6.000 6.000 6.000 1.303 --- 1.316 --- 1951 --- 1.000 87 oos --- --- soo --- 500 150 300 83 150 150 130 --- --- 112 --- 38 --- In .O. L. ...C. -Cercia 0 A LOP -SOA. Ono - UAL IN TIIL ,:. VISIN: Ya FINAL DILIG CONN1 OSLI OLIO- Ex- UTIONS OITURES -... Baso.o. AUTO -ISTINATED YOY- OOLIG- OTIONS DITURES SAC TURIS OILIS- ATIONS ERPIN- 01 TURES .250 2.500 247 2.500 1.25 oos 1.500 ... POLISPORMULATION AND 925-.. RISOURCE MAN NATURAL 97 73.630 ככ1,0 GC5 2. SOO 1. Soo 97 S. VATURAL RESOURCE 22.300 --- 1.639 700 1.732 2.500 ANASININ 25 3. 9-0.57 VATURAL 73 1.200 1.000 1.000 410 200 270 "SOURC2S JUCATION, P; --- 3.5-1.61 JAVATE ; os ככ5 Zc --- 392 OCL 200 #APO?? EINANCE 300 او:3 - ܢܐ 2.331 2.381 --- 1.000 006 37:VITE KORT-IVANCE 091 200 95 247 172 935-81 JL LOCAL 125 --- 51 SC CGL - ว: 1.200 300 300 2A-CRAVO schoán 217 429 $0.-Cs SAN JURU JP 500 --- --- 2.518 --- . 97 --- . 71% .00 600 600 J. 5-1000 CENTRAL SRICI PIAC! SCHOLARSHIPS 5.356 31.555 7.99 FOR ACCOUNT .227 TOTAL 112.417 63.913 .477 17.123 9.060 13.321 POPULATION PLANNING 106 100 55 100 120 !1 C . :: 100 100 2.995 2.483 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1.162 323-0180 G AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 3,000 2. 200 2.000 1.243 525-0165 L 78 RURAL GRONIN I SERVICE CENTERS 525-0186 77 INTEGRATIO RURAL DEVELOP TENT 7 1610-525 JATERSHED MANAGENENT 2220-525 8 AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE MARKETING 325-0222 525-0240 STALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 525-024 6 82 RURAL YOUTN ORGANIZATION OPG 11.445 609.s 3.063 GRANTS 5.76B 6.454 3.125 6.721 35.555 12.897 75.352 51.016 47.911 27.08. 2.361 6.194 LOANS 3.799 12.66 2.932 6.600 525-OSOJ DROS SUPORT DEVILOV CAT EZT Cottory AR PIN concordato color " Forsion detection. VONION WONOPA. 1009 SUNTRY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 2U? AU O LATIN ASRICA C1292 IN 535 PANAMA CP 88 PROJECT NO. a) TITL! LFY OF PY OF INITIAL FINAL G OLIS SLIG LOP LANN! AUTHO -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG. EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL F186- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- DOLIG- EXPEN- ITIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.250 5.000 2.500 247 2.500 935 1.750 1,255 500 1.500 97 13,600 --- 1.000 500 2.500 1.500 97 २७ 5.-16% V.TV21L ?SOURCE MANADESENT 22.300 --- --- --- --- --- 1.609 700 1.732 2.500 73 431 610 200 270 2 ככן --- --- 302 150 200 300 --- --- 3. "2 2,091 2,091 2.381 --- --- 1.000 900 --- --- of --- 95 2 200 247 172 --- 125 51 1.200 --- 300 ... 300 217 623 500 3 37 2,510 --- --- --- 718 600 600 600 POPULATION PLANNING 105 100 51 :: 100 120 100 100 53-027 3 6. POLICY FORMULATION AND JANAINT 525-30 NATUAL : SOURCE MANAGEMENT 1.200 1.000 1.000 5.5-257 NATURAL ?!SOURCES EJUCATION P; 3 3.5-7261 :v:19 X907 FINANCE 5:7-2751 "?:VATE SORT FINANCE SO281 3 • OP; ای - ڈانا ریال به پا شد 5-CZ! PANJUR - LA CP4 SCHOOL 5.5 -1000 CENTRAL RICA PAC: 500LARSIS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 112.417 64.013 59.356 31,555 1.950 ,227 7,477 17,123 9.060 13,321 SRINTS 11,445 5,609 3,043 5.763 5.123 6.721 35.535 12.297 75,352 51,016 LOANS 47.911 27.26 2.341 6,136 3,709 12.669 2.932 6,600 . 91 C 515-0000 203 A DEVELOCENT IN SUPPORT "Refer to the planned project womery thout 173 Curel of effort try Y of final blotion - A pract in the column with its obligation date tutors December 31, 1986 bed on the other dere to pract with inte blotion date de corte 31, 19 the FY final obligation abomed Gate 1010 1011 SUNMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SURLAV FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISOLAN 525 PANARI PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 85 LFY OF FY OF + INITIAL FINAL G DOLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM -MROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN 4TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTICATED FY37- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES G 87 90 809 --- 219 115 190 250 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 809 108 69 100 51 319 235 290 350 GRANTS 809 108 69 100 51 LOANS 31 235 290 350 - MLALTN --- --- --- -- 438 230 367 250 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 1.305 --- 636 200 367 250 GRANTS 1.305 O LOANS 638 200 367 250 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 500 100 600 807 200 500 G 30 32 790 795 790 700 ... 90 . --- --- 30 4,250 1.750 1750 --- --- 103 --- 592 250 1.305 86 666 200 37 193 88 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE SUPPORT 231 185 90 5.000 --- --- 333 300 174 IN MOUSANO. ... OP DOLL. LATIN AV CARXOV PACT NO. VOILE INITIAL OBLIO "IL LI LOP PLANO aut) -THROUGN FYS- OLIG KEN- ITIONS OITURES -ACTUAL OSLI ATIONS EXEN- ITUROS -ESTIMAT PB- OBLIG- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSEO Y BOLIG- XPEN ATIONS OITURES 3.000 Iwata Suos TEOP15 SORT 500 >> 12.475 >IAC! 4.225 1.500 4.400 3.500 ANTAL AICA CLASSIP) TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 25. 161 3.191 946 496 4.625 3.130 5.683 6.190 5.790 500 600 DEVELOPMET 4CTIVITI 5 12.68 12.477 . 750 SOU 750 800 OVELOPMENT AND 40 100 --- "VELOPMENT ACTivargis 66 10D 100 100 100 1.700 200 1.000 1.000 23 10S 23 --- --- --- 708 --- 183 2.232 650 1.000 33 606 600 6.273 1.225 37 275 9.500 5.50 1,176 2.000 $ ALL BUSINESS DEVELODENT 1.197 231 1.303 377 33 3.03 3.30 622 630 253 25 225 --- 250 250 323-1030 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 8790 525-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 1.505 56 C 525.0000 G PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1.326 1.002 523-0225 SMALL ENTERPRENUERIAL DEVELOPMENT 325-0256 PRIVATE SECTOR SCHOLARSHIP FOUND.. OPG 525-0275 S 35 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SERVICES 525-0280 PANTS 1.73 4.625 3.130 5.103 25.11 3.191 3.000 LJANS 32 F-JO. SUPPOAT 523-3191 5 CIAL ACTIVITI! 12.500 ܀ ;OV PONT $.-OST TPUTHINONI LOCAL 5-23 C91N4IONAL vlc: 200 200 3.775 3.773 3.773 ;: ܐ ܀ -: ܃ ܃ CI - NATIONAL INVESTMENT COUNCIL 32-223 $VLL BUSINESS DEVELOPIVT 2.00 1,082 3,000 3.0 CLIC STUDIES 5.5-7250 VOOPST 51-392 S-ET! PLINIUS een proje eurary s 175 Cesvolle A ce in the town are totere Decoder " nord dat 1011 SURY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BU?! U FOR LATINA IC4 AV CAR: 33! AN S25 PANAS CP 86 Par:CT NO. IN TITLE eY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL OL LIG LOP PLANNED AUT) -THROUGM FY95- OLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 90 3.000 ... 500 400 3 12.475 6.225 1.500 4.400 3.500 495 6,625 3. 1 30 5.683 6.190 746 486 6.625 3.1 30 5.183 5.790 --- 500 400 >!.:01: 08VELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ; 12.965 12.477 750 475 500 368 750 800 241 740 150 521-0101 SP¿CIAL EVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!5 19 100 100 100 100 12.500 --- --- --- 1,700 200 9.5-2.37 . 97 TESTMONN; LOCAL SOVEPNOST 1,000 1.000 !3 93 200 108 --- 23 200 200 --- 69 --- ESTMENT ?? 23 ܕܐܪ,9 3,773 708 --- 183 ... 2.232 ... 650 3.773 97 2.000 1,082 1.000 339 606 600 3,000 3,320 --- --- --- --- 4 37 51-32- L $LL BUSIN:55 DEVELOPMENT 9.500 5.SJO 4,275 1.225 271 1.176 2.000 35 35 1.107 231 1.903 377 422 --- 600 3.000 3,000 250 25 --- 225 -- 5:-*92 > S-LT: ???:\"LEVVIV; --- 5.3-C230 . PRIVATE ENTROPISE SUPPORT 50:-132 3 SENTIAL OIC AC! 5 CLASS-1'S TOTAL FOR ACCOUXT 6.066 1.739 25. 161 3.101 RANTS 1,739 23.161 3.191 3.000 LOANS 5:00.. PA;AM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 5.5-25 CI - NAIINAL INVEST ulic 50-27 NATIONEL INVESTMENT COUNCIL 525-243 SMALL 305IESS VEL PUENT 3. 9-7250 3 VOLOPHUT 'CLICY STUDIOS 250 250 "Return to the planned project mary sheet 175 curt of attort sett FY of Fisiolation - Ah prorect in the plum with nitial obligation dete botore December 31. are bed on the author and date. For Domacts within til baron ota Deber 31. 1988 the FY olival algation is toda.pleneddote 1012 1013 525 BUREAU FOR LATIN ATERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PANANA • LFY OP FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 3 OBLIG DOLIG LOD PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGH FY83- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 35 750 750 - ESTIMATED FY3?- OBLIS- SIDEN- ATIONS DITURES 750 598 -PROPOSED FY:8- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 152 92 --- 3.000 1.000 --- 1.000 525-0261 PRIVATE EXPORT FINANCE L 86 92 175 23.919 15.919 400 : 3.924 37 ... --- 00 --- 7.000 1.000 --- --- --- 2.009 --- 3.000 1.500 --- 87 87 1.993 675 1.000 ... --- --- 675 200 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT --- 200 9,302 2.10 GRANTS 6,475 1,048 16.306 LOANS 30.375 8200 33,192 25,192 15,461 19.350 4,653 1.655 8.048 6.475 708 2.540 5.169 456 2.94 4,700 4,408 2.000 3 5,459 85 88 25.742 25.742 20.000 20,000 5.742 --- --- 5.762 L 35 86 --- 5.557 --- --- --- --- --- . 87 93 S.557 2,393 3.557 --- --- . --- ... -- 6,443 2.000 176 ROUSA FOR LATI ABIC. Ayo 25 PROJECT NO. INO TITLE - OF INITIAL OLLIS FINAL OOLI LOP PLANNED AUTH - THROUGH POS- OILIS-EN- ATIONS OI TURIS -ACTUAL OOLI ATIONS OITUROS ESTIMATED FOY- SLI- ATIONS DIA OSLED-S- ATLONS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 20.000 20.000 5.742 5.742 5.72 19.00) 1.537 COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 243.851 125.236 109.886 69.332 24.540 11.373 19.334 33.478 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 525-0258 3 PRIVATE SECTOR SCHOLARSHIP FOUND, PG 525-3261 G PRIVATE EXPORT FINANCE 525-0272 PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT 525-0287 PRIVATE SECTOR MOUSING 0 63,567 33.392 26,354 16.169 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND 525-0282 FINANCIAL STABILITY 3 ECONONIC RECOVERY 525-0292 FINANCIAL STABILITY 3 ECONOMIC RECOVERY 523-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS GRANTS 21.00 20.000 5.7.2 9.35 5.742 5.557 9.742 כככ .2 LOANS 5.537 S.S97 GRANTS 53.925 41.735 17.050 5.235 15.625 16.431 19.354 19.911 125.250 $3.030 118.601 75.238 LOANS S5.99 27.796 7.490 6.639 3.79 17.377 10. 19.207 177 1013 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AVO CARI93 EAN 525 PANAM4 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF FY 0- 1 INITIAL FINAL : OLI: OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTH) -THROUGH FY85- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS -ACTUAL FY 36- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMAT! FY97- JOLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITUPES - PROPOSED FY99- OBLIS- PIPEN ATIONS DITUROS --- 5.742 13.00 7.557 5.742 5.742 כככ.2 --- 5. 5.557 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 20.000 20.000 39,392 25,742 5.742 GRANTS 20.000 20,000 33.835 25.742 5.557 LOANS CO JSTRY TOTAL TOTAL 109.834 69,532 26.540 11,973 243.851 126,238 10,334 33,679 29.341 59,018 GRANTS 53.925 41,735 17.050 5,235 15.625 16,401 19,354 19.911 125,250 53.03 118.601 75,238 LOANS 55.957 27,794 7.400 6.639 3,709 17.077 10.997 19.207 'Retent to the planned project summery sheet 177 Caftort sctivity FY of final obligation solum - Ah projects in this can with an initial obligation done before December 31, 1906 bend on the authored dose. for prop with an initial hotion date of December 31, 1934 the FY of tunel boton ison planned dose 1015 NEW Panama PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET ROGRAM Tide Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Souros in thousands of dollar Private Enterprise Support FY 88 Lite of Project Funding 333_(Q) 500 (2) 5.000 (G) 3.000) Population ED. & HR Number 525-0280 Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion 333 (G) Date of Project G GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING 500 (L) FY 88 FY 90 FY 91 Purpose: To enable the Ministry of Commerce and Industry This project responds to the National Bipartisan Comission on (MICI) to implement policies which promote the development of Central America recommendations by calling for promotion of the Panamanian private sector. trade opportunities to increase foreign exchange earnings. 1014 Project Description: The Government of Panana (COP), dur ing Host Country and Other Donors: The GOP will implement most of the last two decades, structured its administrative legislative and administrative changes required to refocus and organization to accommodate highly protectionist and statist restructure MICI. It will provide office equipment and space, policies. The MICI, which has been the chief regulatory body personnel, and other operating costs. Currently, other donors for the industrial and commercial sectors, has had an are not planning significant assistance to MICI. adversarial relationship with the private sector. NOW, energing GOP policies requiring increasing reliance on the Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries of this project will private export sectors to promote growth. As currently be Panamanian private enterprises and their employees. structured, MICI cannot implenent those policies. In order to Indirect beneficiaries will be those obtaining jobs as a result promote private sector export oriented development MICI will of increased investment and expanded exports. have to redefine its functions. Without a properly oriented and competent agency to implement the new economic policies, Major Outputs: All Years Panama's growth and development efforts will be retarded. Ministry Organized х Organic laws leading to increased private The project will assist MICI to strengthen its capacity to sector role in economy passed X provide support and services which promote export-oriented Private sector investment approval procedures private sector endeavors as it de-emphasizes its regulatory streamlined or eliminated х function. It is anticipated that MICI will be reorganized and that legislation will be passed which will change MICI from a A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life of Project ($000) regulatory entity to a support and service agency. Current Grant Loan procedures to approve private foreign and domestic investments Technical Assistance 2,500 will be streamlined or possibly eliminated. Training 1,000 Equipment and Materials 2,000 Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: The A.I.D. Export Promotion Program 1,000 strategy in Panama seeks to: (1) identify markets for Other costs 1,500 Panamanian exports and (2) foment competitive production in Total 5,000 3,000 response to market forces. The project will further these objectives by facilitating export procedures, by mobilizing resources to assure production for direct and indirect assistance to producers, and by adjusting policies affecting factor costs outside the control of individual entrepreneurs. U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated through September 30, Futuro Ycer Obligations Estimated Total Cost hoposed Final Year 39 (0) 300 (1) 7667 to 2300 0.25.000 G) 2.200.CL) 178 AID 370-7 (11-05) Central America Regional Program (ROCAP) 179 1015 1 Central America Regional Program (ROCAP) 179 1016 1017 CENTRAL AMERICA REGIONAL PROGRAM CENTRAL AMERICAN REGIONAL PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual) (Estimated) Dovelopment Assistance 53,286 42,046 Loan 9,600 6,149 Grant 43,686 35,897 FY 1988 (Request) 41,275 5,751 35,524 13,090 1/ Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 43,431 0 43,431 20,000 0 20,000 13,090 Introduction In 1960, influenced by the lingering ideal of renewed Central American unity, the Treaty for Central American Social and Economic Integration was signed, leading to creation of a series of regional development Institutions in the areas of finance, agricultural research, health, education and industrial technology. In addition to strengthening the regional sense of unity, these regional centers of excellence allowed spor tant economies of scale in areas of mutual interest to the small, relatively poor countries involved. Within A.I.D. the Regional Office for Central America and Panama (ROCAP) was created to work with these regional jostitutions and with those development problems best served by a regional approach. Initial efforts were focused on the development of basic physical infrastructure. As the most urgent of these needs were gradually MT, ROCAP and the regional institutions turned their attention to the longer-term problems of economic and social development. TOTALS 96,717 2 55,136 61,275 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Title II TOTALS 96,717 55,136 61,275 Footnotes: 1/ The above total for ESF includes $260,000 in local cost support. ž/ The total includes reobligations of $150,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $3,400,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $3,550,000 in FY 1986. foday the Central Americans are making a renewed effort to seek regional approaches to common development constraints. A regional parliament is belng organized; a committee of the vice presidents of the various countries has been formed; the ministers of agriculture again are meeting on a regular basis; d regional private sector organization (FEDEPRICAP) is being reorganized and strengthened. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) Estimated (Request) U.S. National 14 14.5 14.5 Foreion National 19 17 17 TOTALS 33 31.5 31.5 a Total full time equivalent workyear of employment. Includo HIC, exces property, and I personal Excludes TDP. One workyear - 2,087 hours In keeping with the recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA), which recognized the importance of regional approaches to the development of Central America, A.I.D.'s regional program reinforces and complements the bilateral programs in seeking to achieve the basic goals for the Central America Initiative (CAI). A.I.D. projects are funded and managed within the Central America regional program, rather than within a specific country's bilateral program, when the project: is implemented in more than one Central American country; supports and reinforces several bilateral country programs; launches pilot, innovative, or small-scale activities which potentially have usefulness in several countries, and which are intended, if successful, to be taken up by the bilateral programs; FY 1988 45 is best managed by and strengthens regional Central American Institutions; and/or PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) TC Total A T Total A T Tou U.S. Participants Bilaterald Regional 9 R26 235 17 225 242 19 257 276 Third Country Participants Bilaterald Regional 12 1 27 22 TOTALS 9 226 235 18 236 254 20 284 304 ala-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non degree reking during the FY & carryovers stili in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe Academic: degree weting. Participante funded under regional programs flat CLASE AND AID 3702B) 180 is more efficiently managed regionally than by an individual mission These regional projects are managed by either ROCAP, which is located in Guatemala, or by A.I.D/Washington. Generally, the ROCAP projects are those prior FY. 181 1017 CENTRAL AMERICA REGIONAL PROGRAM Introduction In 1960, influenced by the lingering ideal of renewed Central American unity, the Treaty for Central American Social and Economic Integration was signed, leading to creation of a series of regional development institutions in the areas of finance, agricultural research, health, education and industrial technology. In addition to strengthening the regional sense of unity, these regional centers of excellence allowed important economies of scale in areas of mutual interest to the small, relatively poor countries involved. Within A.I.o, the Regional Office for Central America and Panama (ROCAP) was created to work with these regional institutions and with those development problems best served by a regional approach. Initial efforts were focused on the development of basic physical infrastructure. As the most urgent of these needs were gradually met, ROCAP and the regional institutions turned their attention to the longer-term problems of economic and social development. Today the Central Americans are making a renewed effort to seek regional approaches to common development constraints. A regional parliament is being organized; a committee of the vice presidents of the various countries has been formed; the ministers of agriculture again are meeting on a regular basis; a regional private sector organization (FEDEPRICAP) is being reorganized and strengthened. In keeping with the recommendations of the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (NBCCA), which recognized the importance of regional approaches to the development of Central America, A.I.D.'s regional program reinforces and complements the bilateral programs in seeking to achieve the basic goals for the Central America Initiative (CAI). A.I.D. projects are funded and managed within the Central America regional program, rather than within a specific country's bilateral program, when the project: is implemented in more than one Central American country; supports and reinforces several bilateral country programs; launches pilot, innovative, or small-scale activities which potentially have usefulness in several countries, and which are intended, if successful, to be taken up by the bilateral programs; Is best managed by and strengthens regional Central American institutions; and/or is more efficiently managed regionally than by an individual mission. These regional projects are managed by either ROCAP, which is located in Guatemala, or by A.1.0/Washington. Generally, the ROCAP projects are those 181 1018 1019 involving the participation of the regional institutions formed by the Central American countries. A.I.D/Washington projects are those which require closer coordination with American contractors or grantees and/or with central A.I.D offices, those which involve other U.S. Government agencies, and, especially, those associated with NBCCA recommendations that are unrelated to the regional institutions, such as elements of the Central American Peace Scholarships (CAPS) program. For FY 1988, A.I.D. requests $90 million for the Central America regional program, of which $29.4 million is for ROCAP projects and $31.9 million is for AID/Washington projects. In the narrative and the Table IIs which follow, ROCAP projects are identified by a 596 prefix number and AID'N projects are identified by a prefix of 597. Export Agribusiness Development and Promotion project (596-0123) is expanding investment in new agribusiness exports. This successful project is being implemented through the Latin American Agribusiness Development Corporation (LAAD). LAAD has successfully promoted U.S. and Central American private investment in agribusiness since the 1970s despite the economic crisis in the region. It has mobilized tens of millions of dollars from private commercial markets, private investors and its own resources, as well as from A.I.D. The Nontraditional Agricultural Export Support project (596-0108) is working with key private sector export associations on resolving production, post-harvest handling, marketing and computer information constraints. Through this project, training programs geared to executive and mid-level management are being developed for contraditional agricultural export projects by the Central American Institute of Business Administration (INCAE). A.I.D.'s Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date. As with the bilateral programs in the Central American region, the Central American Regional program pursues the four basic goals of the CAI: economic stabilization, laying the basis for long-term growth, broadening the benefits of growth, and strengthening democratic institutions and processes. The Regional Agricultural Technology Networks project (596-0127), to begin in FY 1987, is intended to increase the production of locally-consumed food crops by addressing the institutional weaknesses of national agricultural research systems and the small resource base in Central American countries. Through the development of strong networks, with the International Research Centers taking a leadership role, the institutions in the region could better plan research, exchange scientific knowledge, and provide the basis for a more rapid and extensive application of improved technologies. 1. Economic Stabilization The Trade Credit Insurance Program (TCIP) (597-0004), managed in Washington through an agreement with the Export-Import Bank, supports economic stabilization and a resumption of growth in the region. This ESF-funded program was designed to encourage Ŭ.s. commercial banks to extend necessary amounts of short-term trade credit to Central American countries, despite concerns about security and economic conditions in the region. The TCIP was authorized at $200 million in guarantee authority for FY 1985, $250 million for FY 1986, and $275 for FY 1987. Further authorization of $200 million is requested for FY 1988. A reserve fund has been established for discharging any liabilities under TCIP guarantees. In FY 1985 and FY 1986 a total of $20 million was obligated for that fund. In FY 1987 and FY 1988, we anticipate no new obligations for the reserve fund; however, small amounts from the ESF program of several Central American countries will be temporarily withheld until later in the year, in the event additional TCIP reserves are needed. The funds, if not required for the TCIP, will be obligated for the bilateral program later in the fiscal year. The program has had start-up and implementation difficulties which are being addressed. By the end of November 1986, confirmed letters of credit for the four participating countries had exceeded $176 million. To date, there have been no claims made under TCIP guarantees. The Tree Crop Production project (596-0117) with the Tropical Agricultural Center for Research and Training (CATIE) builds on the experience of the earlier Fuelwood project (596-0089). Over 150 fast-growing species have been tested in a variety of ecological zones. Emphasis on demonstration plots, dissemination through national forestry and agricultural extension services, and concentration of efforts on small and medium-size farm plots vill help counteract the region's deforestation problem and increase small-scale farmers' awareness of the benefits of agroforestry. Both on-farm and comercial uses of wood are being demonstrated. Similar research and development on agricultural problems is taking place in the Pest Management (596-0110) and Watershed Management (596-0106) projects which are also being implemented by CATIE. The first has established a regional diagnostic center to control those pests which are major causes of low agricultural productivity and crop losses, and the second has created a research and training facility to conserve renewable natural resources and maximize their utilization for social and economic development. 2. Economic Growth. Education and Human Resources To encourage long-term growth in the region, the Central American regional program supports activities in agriculture, education, energy and industry. All these projects are managed by ROCAP. Agriculture and Rural Development A.1.D.'s strategy for growth in Central America depends heavily on increasing nontraditional agricultural and agribusiness exports. The The Export Management Training project (596-0124) has helped INCAE establish a Center for Applied Economics and Policy Studies. The Center's seminars have helped stimulate a policy dialogue between public and private groups on the expansion of nontraditional exports. Efforts are under way to strengthen CATIE'S graduate studies program in agriculture and to create an undergraduate tropical agricultural college under the Regional Agricultural Higher Education project (596-0129) which 182 183 1019 Export Agribusiness Development and Promotion project (596-0123) is expanding investment in new agribusiness exports. This successful project is being implemented through the Latin American Agribusiness Development Corporation (LAAD). LAAD has successfully promoted U.S. and Central American private investment in agribusiness since the 1970s despite the economic crisis in the region. It has mobilized tens of millions of dollars from private commercial markets, private investors and its own resources, as well as from A.I.D. The Nontraditional Agricultural Export Support project (596-0108) is working with key private sector export associations on resolving production, post-harvest handling, marketing and computer information constraints. Through this project, training programs geared to executive and mid-level management are being developed for non traditional agricultural export projects by the Central American Institute of Business Administration (INCAE). The Regional Agricultural Technology Networks project (596-0127), to begin in FY 1987, is intended to increase the production of locally-consumed food crops by addressing the institutional weaknesses of national agricultural research systems and the small resource base in Central American countries. Through the development of strong networks, with the International Research Centers taking a leadership role, the institutions in the region could better plan research, exchange scientific knowledge, and provide the basis for a more rapid and extensive application of improved technologies. The Tree Crop Production project (596-0117) with the Tropical Agricultural Center for Research and Training (CATIE) builds on the experience of the earlier Fuel wood project (596-0089). Over 150 fast-growing species have been tested in a variety of ecological zones. Emphasis on demonstration plots, dissemination through national forestry and agricultural extension services, and concentration of efforts on small and medium-size farm plots will help counteract the region's deforestation problem and increase small-scale farmers' awareness of the benefits of agroforestry. Both on-farm and commercial uses of wood are being demonstrated. Similar research and development on agricultural problems is taking place in the Pest Management (596-0110) and Watershed Management (596-0106) projects which are also being implemented by CATIE. The first has established a regional diagnostic center to control those pests which are major causes of low agricultural productivity and crop losses, and the second has created a research and training facility to conserve renewable natural resources and maximize their utilization for social and economic development. Education and Human Resources The Export Management Training project (596-0124) has helped INCAE establish a Center for Applied Economics and Policy Studies. The Center's seminars have helped stimulate a policy dialogue between public and private groups on the expansion of nontraditional exports. Efforts are under way to strengthen CATIE's graduate studies program in agriculture and to create an undergraduate tropical agricultural college under the Regional Agricultural Higher Education project (596-0129) which 183 1020 1021 Health and Child Survival is both renovating CATIE'S physical facilities and strengthening its teaching staff. A development office has been established for fund raising and to promote CATIE as a center for excellence in research and training, In addition, this project responds directly to the Central America Initiative objective of aiding higher education in the region. From the ROCAP portfolio, the Nutritional institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP), through the Oral Rehydration Therapy, Growth Monitoring and Education project (596-0115) is helping the Central American countries to develop child survival plans and to carry out innovative child health programs Economic Support Funds From Washington, the Regional Child Survival/Immunization (597-0005) project is being carried out with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The project aims to interrupt the indigenous transmission of the wild polio virus in the Central American region by the year 1990. PAHO, the interamerican Development Bank, UNICEF, Rotary International, and A.1.D. are all collaborating on this effort. A.1.0 continues to work with the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) to mobilize increased capital flows to Central America and stimulate the growth of extraregional exports. Since the initiation of ROCAP's Regional Economic Recovery project (596-0114) in FY 1985, CABEI has improved its liquidity, improved its management and institutional capabilities, and begun to mobilize new resources for the region to finance industrial growth and export-oriented production. Since the project began, CABEI'S member countries in Central America have reduced arrearages and contributed new capital for a combined total of nearly $78 million. Five countries have expressed their intention to join the bank. when its charter is amended to admit extraregional members. A "Club Loan with 34 international banks has been negotiated to allow for restructuring of CABEI'S repayments to them over a ten-year period. These measures have restored confidence in the bank and increased its capacity to contribute significantly to Central American development. The need to better identify, exploit and manage local energy resources, especially geothermal energy, is a technological area being addressed by the Energy Resources project (596-0134). Central America is one of the earth's regions richest in commercially exploitable geothermal resources. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is collaborating with national energy development institutions on field studies and the development of commercially feasible alternative energy sources. A major independent evaluation of this project in 1986 serves as the basis for a $10 million amendment to the project, half of which is to be obligated in FY 1987. The amendment provides for continued efforts in national energy analysis, planning, the use of geothermal energy for electric generation and industrial process heat. The Health Technology Development and Transfer project (597-0006) has three components, all of which benefit the Central American Missions: a health services financing component, through a contract with State University of New York at Stonybrook; a management training in health component, through a Cooperative Agreement with AUPHA (4:5sociation of University Programs in Health Administration); and a clinical training Component, through a Cooperative Agreement with the Interamerican College of Physicians and Surgeons. The Essential Drugs and Malaria project (597-0007) continues to reduce sortality and morbidity from malaria and increase access to critically needed basic medicines for Central America and Panama. 3. Broadening the Benefits of Growth. In pursuit of this goal, the Central American Regional program is supporting activities in population, health and child survival, education, housing, and energy, as described below: Population A need exists throughout Central America to strengthen management of population organizations to become more effective providers of services, by training senior and mid-level personnel. A new FY 1987 project will support establishment of a regional population management training center, to be headquartered in Costa Rica, which will emphasize modern management techniques, using computer technology and videos for training purposes. Education and Human Resources The Central American Peace Scholarship (CAPS) program (597-0001) continues as the centerpiece of A.I.D.'s response to an NBCCA recommendation that a major program of training in the United States be launched, with emphasis on reaching the disadvantaged elements of Central American societies and countering the large number of Soviet Bloc and Cuban scholarships being made available to lower income persons in the region. Although the largest portion of FY 1987 funding for this project ($15.9 million) will come from the EHRD account, lesser, but significant, amounts will be drawn from several other accounts: population, $1 million; health, $2 million; and Economic Support Funds, $10.5 million. Through 1989, this project will provide both long- and short-term training in the United States for over 7,000 participants from Central America and Panama. About 2,000 participants will receive graduate and undergraduate training. An estimated 5,000 will receive short-term technical training, typically one to three months in duration. By the end of FY 1986, approximately 3,500 students were either long-term students in the United States or had Completed their short-term training programs and returned home. While the students are being trained in developmental areas, they are selected primarily on the basis of leadership potential and economic need. In FY 1986 $4,000,000 was obligated under the CAPS project for an activity with Georgetown University designed to help place disadvantaged Central American students in over a dozen community colleges in the United States. 184 185 1021 Health and Child Survival From the ROCAP portfolio, the Nutritional Institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP), through the Oral Rehydration Therapy, Growth Monitoring and Education project (596-0115) is helping the Central American countries to develop child survival plans and to carry out innovative child health programs. From Washington, the Regional Child Survival/Immunization (597-0005) project is being carried out with the Pan American Health Organization (PAH). The project aims to interrupt the indigenous transmission of the wild polio virus in the Central American region by the year 1990. PAHO, the Interamerican Development Bank, UNICEF, Rotary International, and A.I.D. are all collaborating on this effort. The Health Technology Development and Transfer project (597-0006) has three components, all of which benefit the Central American Missions : a health services financing component, through a contract with State University of New York at Stonybrook; a management training in health component, through a cooperative Agreement with AUPHA (1:ssociation of University Programs in Health Administration); and a clinical training component, through a Cooperative Agreement with the Interamerican College of Physicians and Surgeons. The Essential Drugs and Malaria project (597-0007) continues to reduce mortality and morbidity from malaria and increase access to critically needed basic medicines for Central America and Panama. Education and Human Resources The Central American Peace Scholarship (CAPS) program (597-0001) continues as the centerpiece of A.I.D.'s response to an NBCCA recommendation that a major program of training in the United States be launched, with emphasis on reaching the disadvantaged elements of Central American societies and countering the large number of Soviet Bloc and Cuban scholarships being made available to lower income persons in the region. Although the largest portion of FY 1987 funding for this project ($15.9 million) will come from the EHRD account, lesser, but significant, amounts will be drawn from several other accounts; population, $1 million; health, $2 million; and Economic Support Funds, $10.5 million. Through 1989, this project will provide both long- and short-term training in the United States for over 7,000 participants from Central America and Panama. About 2,000 participants will receive graduate and undergraduate training. An estimated 5,000 will receive short-term technical training, typically one to three months in duration. By the end of FY 1986, approximately 3,500 students were either long-term students in the United States or had completed their short-term training programs and returned home. while the students are being trained in developmental areas, they are selected primarily on the basis of leadership potential and economic need. In FY 1986 $4,000,000 was obligated under the CAPS project for an activity with Georgetown University designed to help place disadvantaged Central American students in over a dozen community colleges in the United States. 185 1023 1022 In FY 1987. $6,000,000 will be obligated with Georgetown for an expansion of this program. institutions and the processes which safeguard freedom and promote growth with equity. The success of democracy depends on the Central Americans, but A.I.D. is supporting local efforts to make democratic ideals a reality in the region. In FY 1985 and FY 1986, the CAPS funds for use by the bilateral missions were programmed within the Central American Regional (597) Washington budget. In FY 1987, the funds will be moved into the individual Missions' gets. Overall supervision of the program will remain in Washington, as will some $7 million of the CAPS funds, including the $6 million for the Georgetown subproject. Education and Human Resources The Central American Free Labor Development (AIFLD) project (597-0008) continues to: (1) strengthen free and democratic trade unions; (2) foster self-reliance and independence among unions; and (3) make trade unionism a powerful force for democratic development and social change. The program brings together business and labor, North and Central Americans, and the public and private sectors to accomplish these objectives. The AIFLD program includes union leadership training, housing projects, community development and related social projects, the development of credit institutions for lower income workers, and assistance in farming cooperatives for marginal farmers in the production and marketing of crops. Econoaic Support Funds The Regional Technical Aids Center (RTAC) II project (597-0007) was initiated in FY 1986. This project builds on the successes of the predecessor RTAC I project, which lasted over 20 years until 1977 and which, as part of its accomplishments, increased from 500 to over 3,000 the number of technical U.S. university textbooks translated into Spanish and published in Latin America; created 120 non-profit university bookstores through the region; translated and published over 2,000 "how-to' pamphlets; and dubbed over 2,000 technical films into Spanish, creating in-country film lending facilities. The RTAC II project is responsive to an NBCCA Commission finding that inexpensive Soviet-Bloc textbooks have been increasingly used by Latin American university students as translated U.S. textbooks have become increasingly more expensive and correspondingly less available. Under the project, Spanish language textbooks by U.S. authors, published principally in Mexico, will be purchased at maximum discount prices. These books will then be donated to university bookstores and sold to students at a small mark-up. Textbook sales will begin in July and will reduce by 50% to 80% the current sales price for Spanish language textbooks by U.S. authors in Central America. In addition, non-commercial pamphlets on selected subjects will be translated and published for distribution to a wide range of host country institutions and for use in follow-on programs with returned A.I.D. scholarship students A major goal of the Strengthening Democracy project (597-0003) is the promotion of free and fair elections, a vital step in the democratic process. The Center for the Study of Electoral Processes (CAPEL), a regional entity that provides training, advisory services, research and education on elections, helped Guatemala organize and carry out training for the polling officials and party pollwatchers for the highly successful presidential and congressional elections in November 1986. At the grassroots level, the project supports civic education that trains low-income citizens to analyze community problems and mobilize public and private energies to improve the quality of life. To enhance training and research opportunities for Central American Journalists, Florida International University, with A.I.D. assistance, has carried out a survey of training and research needs of Latin journalists. That university will also conduct an eight-week, pilot training program in the Miami area based on practical experience working with Spanish newspapers and television stations. For Central American legislators, A.I.D. also supports seminars and study tours that provide guidance in the theory and practice of modern legislative procedures as well as contact with fellow legislators from the United States and other countries of the free world. Selected Development Activities The Shelter and Urban Development project (596-0143), beginning in FY 1987, will enable the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) to expand to lower income groups in Central America its lending programs for housing and urban services. This project seeks to increase CABEI's ability to address on a long-term basis the region's serious needs for better housing and minimal public services through an emphasis on management and cost recovery from the beneficiaries. The construction of 10.000 houses for low-income families and improvements in water, sewers and community services for 145,000 families will be funded. with the assistance of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, the Rural Electrification project (596-0146) will strengthen the institutional and technical bases needed to reach the 85% of rural Central Americans who now lack access to electricity. 4. Strengthening Democracy In recent elections, the Central Americans have expressed their strong desire and commitment to establishing and maintaining democratic Where the rule of law is weak, people lose confidence in democracy. To assist Central Americans in strengthening the rule of law, the Regional Administration of Justice project (597-0002) continues to provide services that help improve the administrative, technical, and legal performance of national justice systems in Central America. In this endeavor, the Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders (ILANUD), an organization dedicated to assisting the development of national programs in the criminal Justice field and to strengthening independent judiciaries in order to assure the fair and impartial administration of Justice, is playing an important role. With A.I.D. assistance, ILANUD has launched a broad program, including: consultancies on law reform and revision; pilot projects in criminal statistics and court administration; support for national law reform commissions; comprehensive assessments of Justice systems; collections of basic legal materials for 186 187 69-533 0 - 87 1023 institutions and the processes which safeguard freedom and promote growth with equity. The success of democracy depends on the Central Americans, but A.I.D. is supporting local efforts to make democratic ideals a reality in the region. Education and Human Resources The Central American Free Labor Development (AIFLD) project (597-0008) continues to: (1) strengthen free and democratic trade unions; (2) foster self-reliance and independence among unions; and (3) make trade unionism a powerful force for democratic development and social change. The program brings together business and labor, North and Central Americans, and the public and private sectors to accomplish these objectives. The AIFLD program includes union leadership training, housing projects, community development and related social projects, the development of credit institutions for lower income workers, and assistance in farming cooperatives for marginal farmers in the production and marketing of crops. Economic Support Funds A major goal of the Strengthening Democracy project (597-0003) is the promotion of free and fair elections, a vital step in the democratic process. The Center for the Study of Electoral Processes (CAPEL), a regional entity that provides training, advisory services, research and education on elections, helped Guatemala organize and carry out training for the polling officials and party pollwatchers for the highly successful presidential and congressional elections in November 1986. At the grassroots level, the project supports civic education that trains low-income citizens to analyze community problems and mobilize public and private energies to improve the quality of life. To enhance training and research opportunities for Central American journalists, Florida International University, with A.I.D. assistance, has carried out a survey of training and research needs of Latin journalists. That university will also conduct an eight-week, pilot training program in the Miami area based on practical experience working with Spanish newspapers and television stations. For Central American legislators, A.I.D. also supports seminars and study tours that provide guidance in the theory and practice of modern legislative procedures as well as contact with fellow legislators from the United States and other countries of the free world. t 2 Where the rule of law is weak, people lose confidence in democracy. To assist Central Americans in strengthening the rule of law, the Regional Administration of Justice project (597-0002) continues to provide services that help improve the administrative, technical, and legal performance of national justice systems in Central America. In this endeavor, the Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and treatment of Offenders (ILANUD), an organization dedicated to assisting the development of national programs in the criminal Justice field and to strengthening independent judiciaries in order to assure the fair and impartial administration of Justice, is playing an important role. With A.I.D. assistance, ILANUD has launched a broad program, including: consultancies on law reform and revision; pilot projects in criminal statistics and court administration; support for national law reform commissions; comprehensive assessments of justice systems; collections of basic legal materials for i 69-533 0 87 - 33 187 1025 1024 core libraries; and long and short-term training for judges, prosecutors, legislators and other legal professionals. access to basic medicines. Several small PVO activities are planned for the population account. Through the Central America Shelter and Urban Development Project (596-0143), $4.9 million would be obligated for 10w-income housing and urban services. FY 1988 Program For FY 1988, A.I.D. requests $61.3 million for the Central America Regional program, $41.3 million in Development Assistance funds and $20 million in ESF. of this $61.3 million, $29.4 million is for ROCAP projects and $31.9 million is for A.1.0./Washington projects. for work toward the goal of strengthening democracy, a total of $3.5 011110n in DA (S1.5 alllion EHR, $2 million SDA) and $9.0 million in ESF funds is requested for the Central America Regional program. Obligations of $6 million and $4.5 million respectively through the Strengthening Democracy (597-0003) and Regional Administration of Justice (597-0002) projects vould support a variety of new and on-going activities. Support for democratic unionism would be continued in both the urban and rural areas through an obligation of $1.5 million to the on-going AIFLD project (597-0008). For FY 1988, no funds are requested for the goal of economic stabilization. However, the Trade Credit Insurance Program (TCIP) (597-0016) will continue to back expanded extraregional exports. No new money will be obligated for the reserve trust fund unless the existing reserves have been drawn down. Mission Director: Nadine Plaster A.I.D. is requesting a total of $18.4 million DA and $5.7 million ESF for FY 1988 in support of the the long-term economic growth goal. The DA request includes $15.5 million ARDN and $2.9 million EHR. Primarily, these funds would be used for the following projects. The Pest Management project (596-0110) with CATIE would receive $2 million. CATIE's ability to diffuse knowledge through its educational programs and work with national training and extension organizations would be strengthened. For the Regional Agricultural Higher Education project (596-0129), under which funding would be provided for the creation of the new undergraduate tropical agricultural college to be built in Costa Rica, $2.5 million ARDN and $1.1 million EHR are requested. The college will serve to expand training in agricultural technology appropriate for the tropical zones of Central America. A $3.0 million obligation to the Tree Cropping and Fuelwood Production project (596-0117) is planned in order to expand support for the work of international and national private sector service organizations involved in tree planting. The expansion of non traditional exports will be the center of continuing activities with a $3.2 million obligation for INCAE (596-0108), and $2.3 million for the Agricultural Export Support (596-0108) project. For continuation of the Energy Resources project (596-0134) with the Los Alamos National Laboratory, $5 million is requested. Another $5 million is being requested within the Guatemala program for rural electrification. To achieve the goal of increased equity and broader participation. A.1.0. is requesting a total of $16.2 million in DA and $5.3 million ESF for the Central America Regional program. Requested DA funding includes $2.46 million HE/CS, $1.75 million POP, $7.0 million EHR, and $4.9 million SDA. Funding of short-term and long-term training in the United States would be increased to a level of $37 million for the Central American Peace Scholarships project (597-0001) (CAPS), of which $29 million is in the bilateral programs and $8 million in the regional request. The RTAC II project (597-0007) for production and distribution of Spanish-language textbooks would receive $4.3 million. The Regional Child Survival/Immunization project (597-0005) would continue work with PAHO on the interruption of transmission of the wild pollo virus with a $400,000 obligation of child survival funds. An $1.36 million increment to the Essential Drugs and Malaria project (597-0007) would continue work toward the reduction of morbidity and mortality from malaria and toward increasing 188 m 189 1025 access to basic medicines. Several small PVO activities are planned for the population account. Through the Central America Shelter and Urban Development Project (596-0143), $4.9 million would be obligated for low-income housing and urban services. For work toward the goal of strengthening democracy, a total of $3.5 million in DA ($1.5 million EHR, $2 million SDA) and $9.0 million in ESF funds is requested for the Central America Regional program. Obligations of $6 million and $4.5 million respectively through the Strengthening Democracy (597-0003) and Regional Administration of Justice (597-0002) projects would support a variety of new and on-going activities. Support for democratic unionism would be continued in both the urban and rural areas through an obligation of $1.5 million to the on-going AIFLD project (597-0008). Mission Director: Nadine Plaster 189 1027 965 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) DURLAU FOR LATIN ASERICA AND TARIGDEAN ROCA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF PY OF LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G QOLIS OBLIG AUT ND -THROUGN FY83- -N3&X3 -91780 -N36X3 CP 38 ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY36- QOLIG- ATIONS QITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION -N3&X1 -ESTINATED FY37- OBLIS- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FT88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 350 212 225 250 225 200 6800-985 8.135 3.135 7,871 --- 79 280 35 8.800 3,800 8.800 1,256 --- --- --- 792 . --- 732 3,500 3,500 1600-565 3.500 1,880 940 3183 --- --- &50 350 680 ose 317 -- --- 430 --- --- 95 --- --- : 03 2 2.000 2.000 -- --- --- -- --- 86 1000 300 8.000 3.000 --- 005 500 2.000 1026 1 1 2.000 2.000 6.730 6.750 1,700 3.224 599 2.000 1.530 SS 1.422 36 1.500 2.000 9.800 .800 0019 2.000 --- 2.000 3.000 --- 596-5117 TREE CROP PRODUCTION G 35 61 --- 6.000 9,000 9.000 1.195 -O 5,300 1.715 7 707 33 1.000 L 86 EXPORT ASRIBUS DEVELO!. AND PRONOTION 2.800 15.000 15.000 --- 3.000 3.580 0090 --- 6,149 6.000 37 20 2.251 10.000 5.000 - --- --- --- 1.000 200 58 1.000 R2G. AGRIC NIGHER EDUC 26 2 1.030 13.400 13.600 200 --- --- ܐܐ --- 180 2. 500 OSS con Ad 190 USBAU LATIN ANIRIGA CARLSSON ROCA -ON Lac. AND TITLE TIAL OU 6- LOP PLANNED AUTHD PINAL OOLIG -THROUG-VS- OOLI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES O. IONS - A. -NOOX 1 TURES DOLIO- •TIONS NAI -OLO 0.0IGDPR- DIVULES 40 $95-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 06 77 Z TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 60.066 26.770 19.21 4.14 12.31 19,406 14. TOO 20.90 SS POPULATION PLANNING --- 97 99 -- 25 --- --- --- 9 6 10 OCOL-965 25 10 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 25 --- --- --- 25 10 10 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT --- - 25 10 10 GRANTS --- LOANS 120 20 75 OS 100 100 79 -- 146 8.000 --- 795 100 2.000 1 2.000 85 97 8.800 8.000 47 2.350 262 1.300 -- 1.500 37 85 5.662 3.600 9 2.000 423 --- OSE 727 SS 2.000 2.000 9 SO --- --- --- --- ESSENTIAL DRUGS AND MALARIA --- 40 40 . 06 7 87 191 om 73 C 596-0000 6 ROGA AN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT il 998.8 591-0083 G 79 SMALL PARK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 35 8,155 FUELWOOD AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGT SOURCES 596-0090 6 81 COFFEE RUST AND PEST CONTROL G CENTRAL ANERICAN AG SECRETARIAT 599-0106 WATER SNED MANAGENENT 9 596-0108 AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUPPORT 596-0110 PEST MANAGENENT (CATIE) 596-0114 REG. ECONOMIC RECOVERY 1 596-0123 596-0127 REG. AGRIC. TECHNOLOGY NETWORKS 6210-965 GRANTS 26.776 5.615 6.802 70.732 -0.655 24.800 24.800 LOANS 6.100 9.600 10.000 2.251 10.00 MEALTN 75 c 0000-965 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT SL10-965 21. GROU* MONITORING AND EDUCATION 3.230 596-0116 *300 ASSISTANCE SUPPORT 910-965 595-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS con Yedek 1027 . .. : SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICI AND CARIBBEAN 596 ROCAP CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH FY85 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DI TURES - ESTIMATED FT87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY83 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 37 90 77 25 40 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6,802 9.406 12.669 590 ... 6.169 10.000 2.251 10,300 POPULATION PLANNING G 97 99 25 --- --- . --- 25 10 --- 10 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 25 --- --- 25 10 --- 10 GRANTS 25 25 10 10 LOANS 000 MEALTM 3 75 C 120 26 75 88 រ០ 100 100 79 35 07 8.800 3.000 8.000 146 --- 799 800 2.000 --- 2.000 6 85 97 5.862 5,600 3.250 47 2.350 262 1.500 1.500 35 35 2.000 2.000 2.050 OOO *23 850 727 --- --- 98 .: --- --- --- 99 40 ... 40 595-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCROLAR SNIPS 95,532 85.455 40.066 26,770 15.215 12.951 19,406 16,700 20,390 GRANTS 33, 266 26.770 S.615 LOANS 70.732 60.655 26.800 26.800 6.800 --- 9.600 596-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 596-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 595-0115 G 321. GROOTM MONITORING AND EDUCATION 596-0110 FOOD ASSISTANCE SUPPORT 595-0136 ESSENTIAL DRUGS AND MALARIA 87 0 595-1000 CENTRAL AMERICA PLACE SCHOLARSHIPS to the planned grey 191 Gordont they PY of final con colom-Alman the cominciation done before December 31, 1900 bodo te whartonde Pod probold Indleddonte Doubor 31, 100th FYdine odontoloddou. 1029 SUNKART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICS AND CARINDEAN 596 ROCAP CP 83 - OOLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91760 -ACTUAL FY&6- & XPEN- ATIONS DITURES -1100 -ESTIMATED FY87- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91190 PROPOSED FYBO- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 225 2.425 1.755 1.210 4,490 CHANTS 100 15.760 15.600 13,370 221 2.425 LOANS 1.755 1.210 --- 6.590 100 CHILD SURVIVAL PUNO O. D.. 3 78 C 11 --- --- --- --- 50 20 --- 30 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT :: --- os 20 SKANTS --- 30 LOANS OS 20 os EDUCATION AND MUMAN RESOURCES 1028 0000-$65 75 C G PROGIAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 234 118 --- --- --- --- --- 36 5.336 --- --- 05905 2.400 1.009 1.125 1,500 9 35 92 1.811 2.000 2.300 --- 1.200 006 9 1100 --- --- 87 90 3.400 1.000 --- 600 350 1.000 600 192 i is ON AIA THOUSANDS OP B.ORS o ECTS LATI ave CP & JACTO. AT: - - - OP INITIAL INAL -THROUN PYS , LO PLANNI AUTHO -NOX - 9:1.0 -ACTUAL PYS- OBLIG- EEN- ATIONS OITURES -OSTIMATED 7- JOLIS- UTIONS OITURES UTION ITUNES -PROPOSEO VO- OOLIG- ATTON DIT TOTAL ACCOURT 11.536 236 118 2.400 1.125 2.925 2.750 OSOS 3.600 GRANTS 11.536 5.550 236 118 2.400 1.125 2.925 2.750 3.620 LOANS SILICTED VELCPOINT ACTIVI!S 26 750 00. 750 500 : 9.900 3.50 2.263 1.000 790 850 1.500 1.290 CCS OSLO-OS 3.10 8 92 93 1.400 1.042 1.500 1.355 6.SSO SSS 1.TERSMI TANAGISENT 5.200 7 95 5. 5.200 5. 200 3.000 59-911 >3. COVOSIC 2.200 &COVERY 99 150 130 os 100 S-01? 14 92T CSI --- --- &G! MENT TRAININ OCO, --- . 1.000 OOS 1.400 1.900 S13-045 ***C77AFC :.4. SH!.TER AND URBAN مباد --- --- 7 3 es 3.500 3.500 6.4, SMILTER >$VELOP! au JROAN --- --- 37 --- occos 5.000 2.500 2017? --- 2.000 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • LFY OF PT OF Į INITIAL FINAL 6 LOP PLANNEO AUTMD 91150 91360 -THROUGH 1983- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16.700 15,600 13.370 399-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT . 595-0126 EXPORT MANAGEMENT TRAINING 596-0129 REG. AGRIC NIGHER EDUC 596-1000 CENTRAL ANERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHI 2.148 1.053 1.24 -OJO .: 24 DEVELOPINT AND SUPPORT 97-2373 •151 AL INSUST EVERY UFFICIINAY 57:01. . 2.'4L !!CTAPICAT:05 SUPPORT 3.19 J.709 2.726 .24CCOUNT 21.153 15.30 7.623 TOTAL 0566 5.650 9.643 9.198 3.19 3.799 2.726 SAATS 7.600 6.SO 2.150 7.445 19.40 12.S # 733 .290 5 5.23 LOANS 3.000 3.500 2.200 Por to pod Clevelfort of time 193 perior de los De bedoen load 1029 SUNARY 0 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TNOUSANDS OF DCLLARS) CP 88 burtu FOR LATIN 198CA ANO Cae: 3)IN -PROPOSED FY8B- OBLIG- EXEN ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED F487- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 2.400 115 234 2.400 118 ... 23. --- --- LOONS 750 300 750 900 892 3 . : 1.290 1.500 850 790 1.000 2,263 3,950 : ܐܕܐܙ 9.300 5.95 1.355 1.500 1.942 1,400 603 ככ4,5 93 92 --- --- --- 2,200 6,500 --- ... --- 3.000 --- 5.200 --- --- 95 L 5.200 5.250 100 SO 150 ? 33 150 153 1.400 1,900 ; 413 SANT RAISINS 500 1.000 --- .. --- 37 6.000 --- 3.500 --- --- --- --- --- 39 3.500 --- 2.000 2.500 5.000 --- .- --- --- 97 5,330 i 37 2.4L !!CTROPICAT:34 SUPORT 5,650 9,545 9,950 7.603 2.724 3.799 3,019 16,393 7.600 2.724 3.799 2,200 3.500 3.000 --- 193 200: -THROUGH FYS: O9L:G- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL FY36• OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LEY OF YOR LOP | INITIAL FINAL PLANN! 33:6 J9L26 AUTNO PROJECT NO. ۲:۲ ژ 4 3, 911 3.600 2.750 2.925 1.125 TOTAL EC2 ACCOUNT 11,536 5.50 3.600 3.911 2.750 2.925 1.125 SRANTS 11.536 5.550 5!L!CTED )!VELCPOINT ACTIV! 195 1.249 2.148 1.053 در 2 - رز 80;244 DEVELOPMENT AND 5UPPORT $750:75 !!4L INSUST ENERGY FIICI!NY 3.100 5790106 al:54SANAGERENT 529-9114 ... ECONOMIC COVERY $:-91?. 3- 21: ... 545.TER AND URBAN DEVOLUP: 8,90 143 C... SHILTER IN JAPAN EVELOPEINT 50:-.1 TOTAL 22 ACCOUT 2,153 15.750 2.150 7,445 6.950 3,019 9.198 GRANTS 1,490 19,50 4.703 9.230 5,230 LOANS 'Retorn to the planned for the Coel of effort activy Y al final abgotio col - All projects the committed to get on one before Door terpromet within the chien totes December 11, the PY fine tonton on horted 1030 SURSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN • LFY OF FY OS 1 INITIAL FINAL G OPLIS OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD CP 88 -THROUGH FYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY37- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 596-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT -PROPOSED FY38- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 3 75 c 1,664 425 200 1.250 --- 189 85 86 35.000 35.000 35.000 18,673 10.000 3 92 --- 6.327 33.800 11.000 11.000 --- --- ... 120 6.800 CO 35 4,000 10.000 13.000 10.000 --- 4.780 --- 3,500 --- 1.720 21.200 11,200 13.200 1,341 1.000 6.638 5.000 5.50 5.000 5.500 95 95 2.000 2.000 2.000 ... --- 850 ... 900 --- 250 35 95 1.000 1.000 1.000 109 552 337 6 37 --- --- 97 260 --- --- --- --- 260 260 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 108,260 70.200 70,854 1.875 סכ1,2 32,963 5.260 25.488 GRANTS 5.00 17,797 109.260 73,200 70.354 1.875 1.200 LOANS 32.843 5.260 25.433 5.000 17,707 TOTAL 260.263 192.605 138,12 32,003 25.039 43,281 30.021 62.114 GRANTS 29.361 55.813 126.32 32.903 226.763 162.605 33. SO 30.000 15,439 LOANS 43,281 23.872 12.000 23.510 .630 42.518 13.000 5.751 13.000 194 TANA PROPOSOOJECTS CIN OP DOLLARS .UREAU POR LATIN AdeC. AND CI&I.SEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. LPYO Y OF 4TITL! INITIAL INAL G ODLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNEO AUTMD -THROUGN OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL OBLIG- ATIONS PV64- exPON- OITURES - ESTIMATED PTO- DOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSEO -..- OOLIG EXPEN- UTIONS OITURES OEV. AND NUTRITION 1.796 662 1.377 1.200 KOO 750 POR ACCOUNT 1.794 662 1.377 1.200 800 750 GRANTS 1.794 662 1.377 1.200 800 750 LOANS --- 36 с S39 172 500 400 1 SO 100 1031 06 97 Soo 250 230 --- 2 SO 250 --- 250 Kanadament LOGISTICS susie. --- 37 830 . So 650 180 730 SO 87 POPULATION MANAGEMENT CENTER SOO 750 400 350 350 400 250 --- 1.39 172 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.030 900 1.3 3D 1.700 1.750 1.0 SO 1.439 172 GRANTS 2.000 900 1.330 1.780 1.759 1.OSO LOANS ROCAP PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 596-011 296. ECONOMIC RECOVERY 599-0129 26. AGRIC HIGHER EDUC 596-0131 . 35 :OOPERATIVE HOUSING INITIATIVE 595-0134 G 35 CENTRAL AMERICA ENERGY RESOURCES 595-0137 3 BUSINESS 10TEN IN CENTRAL RICA 596-0138 TRAINING FOR DE SOCRACY 596-0979 LOCAL COST SUPPORT COUNTRY TOTAL CORE AGRICULTURE. URAL 397-0000 ROSHAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT TOTAL POPULATION PLANNING S97-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 597-001 CENTER 597-0015 CENTER OPULATION INFORMATION CENTER 597-0018 1.250 597-999 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OP's NHALTM 195 "Rotors the post Co Norte Yote AB padecer dots before Dec Por este for Decor > Futtelon ed on the author and done. 1031 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 33 SUPEAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIG SEAN 597 PROPOSED 786- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -TMROUGH PY&S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 750 AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 800 1,200 1.377 1.794 662 --- --- 750 300 1.200 1,377 662 --- 750 800 1,200 1.377 662 --- --- --- 150 100 SOO 600 539 172 --- --- 3 c --- --- 250 250 250 --- --- ... 250 97 500 250 SANAGEMENT LOGISTICS SYSTEN CENTER 50 --- 180 750 650 37 830 650 400 350 350 400 750 --- --- 1.250 250 --- C 1,750 1.050 1.780 1.330 --- 1,439 172 900 1.050 1,739 1,700 1,330 1.439 172 .. 900 --- --- --- CENTRAL ANERICAN REGIONAL 597-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1.794 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.794 GRANTS LOANS POPULATION PLANNING 597-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 597-001 597-0015 5 POPULATION INFORMATION CENTER 597-0018 3 87 POPULATION MANAGE SENT CENTER 597-9999 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OP's TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.000 GRANTS 2.000 LOANS WEALIM 'Refer to the planned promary 195 Cuddletorty FY of final conco-All prout the com with intel obligation date before Dearbor 31, 1 bed on the world fermoject with the chilotion dete ho Decor 31, 193th FY finalition idoneo 1032 1033 ) SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 597 BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN CENTRAL AMERICAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITL! • LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG 9 LOP PLANNED AUTNO 0000-265 91790 -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 3 36 C PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYB8- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 5000-265 349 111 38 95 110 CHILD SURVIVAL/ACCELERATED I ANUNIZATION 2.632 2.632 --- --- os 200 2.632 9000-265 263 --- 200 98 88 TECH DEVELOPMENTI TRANSFER in? MEALIN 1,500 2.000 1,500 --- --- 1.500 150 --- 700 98 39 500 900 7,860 6.500 --- --- 2.716 364 1.500 1.700 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.360 2.000 12.492 10.632 7,197 323 GRANTS 1.595 2.710 12,492 10.632 1.910 4.500 LOANS 7.197 888 1.595 2.710 1.910 CHILD SURVIVAL FUND -D. 4,500 --- 0000-265 --- . 3 98 C PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT : 1 --- ... --- 597-0005 --- 45 35 86 CHILD SURVIVALI ACCELERATO BB ១០ SS IMMUNIZATION 3.948 3,148 --- --- 2.500 250 668 700 400 2.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.948 3.148 --- 2.500 OSZ GRANTS 693 735 3.548 3.148 650 2.055 LOANS 2.500 250 693 735 450 2 2.055 EDUCATION AND HUNAN RESOURCES --- 196 O URLAU PO LATIN ANGICA cAAROSLAN CENTRAL ANERICAN EIONAL POJECT NO. PY OP AND TITLE INITIAL ODIG 0 . LOP PLANNED SUTN -NI -THROUGH YOS- OOLIG- ERPEN ATIONS OITURES - -45A OBAVVIASI- . erec -ACTUAL VO- OOLI- EXPEN- ATIONS 01 TURES 1.276 .27 OLIO- ATIONS -PROPOSED VOS- OLIO OTTURES INOIA 6 96 e 264 750 700 . 00 3 06 SO..30 86.000 27. SO ..... 10.12 7.000 20.500 1.700 10.230 .000-20s C 1. SOO 926 2.0 1.SOO 1.500 2.000 mit insa DEVELOPENT TAIL 597 -0311 2LGIONAL TECN AIDS CENTER CENTER 65 000 160 1.500 750 10.000 10.000 4.30 3.500 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 27.53. 13.766 60.630 96.000 11.127 11.252 23.500 8.204 16.ISO 27.538 GRANTS 13.766 11.127 11.252 23.500 60.430 96.000 &.204 16.650 --- --- LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES --- --- 23 301 730 OS 1.800 750 0000-265 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 2.000 1.000 AS c 3 --- 300 130 --- 130 36 ១ C is Frei Casa DEVELOPMENT SILLO 2.300 290 810 --- 1.200 36 2.300 2.300 597-0007 3 ESSENTIAL DRUGS & MALARIA 37-OOCO PROGRAR DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 597 -0001 - ENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLAISMIPS 597-0003 STRENGTHENING DENOCRACY 597-0008 597-0012 CENTRAL ANERICAN LAN SCHOLARSHIPS --- --- 1 So 15 --- 115 --- 20 96 1 So 150 9100-265 ASSISTANCE TO NOFS IN CENTRAL ANERICA 197 1033 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBSEAN 597 CENTRAL AFRICAN REGIONAL CP 93 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF FI OP I INITIAL FINAL 0316 OLI: LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGM Y8S OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -Niaxa -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FT87- OBLIG- EXPEN• ATIONS OITURES -91100 - PROPOSED FYL- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . 1.274 427 752 750 700 006 25 06 50, 430 86.000 27,538 10.192 9,616 7.000 20, 500 1.700 10, 250 597-0008 ; 86 FREE LAIZ DEVELOPIENT (AI'LO) C 1.500 926 2.093 1.500 1.500 2.000 96 99 ... 10.000 10.000 --- 800 160 1.500 750 6.306 3.500 13.766 11.127 11.252 23.500 8204 16.550 --- --- --- ... -0. --- SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 3 . ... --- 301 23 736 430 1.800 750 3 BS C --- --- ... 2.000 1.000 9000-165 36 C FREE LABOR DEVELOPMENT (AILD) 300 130 --- 150 36 2.300 2.300 2.300 290 810 --- 597-0012 CENTRAL AMERICAN LAN SCHOLARSHIPS 1.200 --- --- 1 SO 15 --- 115 --- 597-0016 ASSISTANCE TO NDPS IN CENTRAL ANERICA 20 0900-265 8 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 597-0001 • ENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLAR SMIPS 597-0311 3 2 EGIONAL TECN AIDS CENTER TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 60.630 96.000 27.536 6.40$ 13.766 11.127 11.252 23.500 8,204 16,650 GRANTS 60, 430 96.000 27,536 LOANS 0000-26S 36 C PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 597-0003 STRENGTNENING DEMOCRACY 150 150 197 walten FY fuel conco-Alto disco dot to fore Deco 31, 1000 ore DuM1, 10th FY nehoda. 1034 1035 597 BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRAL AMERICAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 2.751 GRANTS 32% 1.038 2.450 2.450 1.525 3,800 LOANS 2.751 3.120 328 1.038 1.525 3.800 3,120 --- G 86 C --- --- 261 70 535 3 85 450 597-0001 CENTRAL AMERICA PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS 90 700 39,379 39,379 2.100 900 520 27,329 1,383 --- 10.000 G 85 REG. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 5.300 15.000 19.720 11.720 10.000 507 1.720 597-0003 STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY 8 35 C 2.443 3.500 4.500 6,904 159 4.500 6,350 2.870 3,152 G 95 TRADE CREDIT INSURANCE PROGRAM 86 3.800 6.000 20.000 20.000 10.000 6,500 DO- 10.000 5.000 Carlos с --- --- 51 --- --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 26 25 79.099 71.099 27.004 1.186 42.231 GRANTS 7,553 7,830 20,976 79.099 71.099 27.004 15.000 LOANS 1.186 27,425 42.231 7.553 7.830 20.976 . 15.000 27,425 --- --- -A 198 Doctors . LFY OP FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGM FYIS- OBLIG- EXP EN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 • ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.450 2.450 - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND 597-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 597-0002 597-0004 597-0008 FREE LABOR DEVELOPMENT (AIFLD) LATI ARISICA 9.7 CENTRAL ANG ICON RESIONAL PROJECT NO. PY OF ANO TITLE INITIAL OOLIS FY OP PENAL OOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUG-VO- OOLI- OPEN- ATIONS DE TURES -ACTUAL OBLIO- ATIONS VO. DITURES oitusas OLIO SIINI AYTON -O-OS ...- OLIG- TOS DITUS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 160.099 184.22 71.676 20.930 25.115 52.26 31.1 $9.990 GRANTS 160.099 1...22 34.542 9.674 71.67. 20.960 25.115 2.426 S.So LOANS --- 199 91, cort - Foro 1035 SURSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 577 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIDILAN CENTRAL ANERICAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • L PY OF PY OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG 91100 5 LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES COUNTRY TOTAL -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -Naxa PROPOSEO PY88- OBLIG- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL 160.099 184,229 20595 5,674 71.678 20,980 25.115 GRANTS 52,426 31.914 160,099 184,229 2955 OSS SS 5.674 LOANS 71,678 20,980 29.115 52,426 31,914 OSS SS Romeo Godhontoh You don 199 M whoto De 11,0 FY doo 1036 1037 THE CARIBEAN Autogory Dudlopment Assistance Lom Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual (Estimated) 100,273 91,900 19,240 3,000 81,033 88,900 FY 1988 (Requirt) 91,600 6,150 85,450 Economic Support Fund Lomn Grant Other 144,896 1,800 143,096 93,365 21 0 93,365 0 135,000 6,900 128,100 0 216 1! TOTALS 245,385 37 185,265 226,600 PL 400 80,468 107,265 81,095 Title 1 62,900 / 91,400 47 72,000 47 Titell 17,568 15,865 9,095 TOTALS 325,853 292,530 307,695 Footnotes: 1 International Disaster Assistance 2 The above total for ESF includes $1,720,000 in local cost support. y the total includes reobligations of $5,000,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $5,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986 Por å total reobligation of $10,000,000 in FY 1986. W Includes Title III level of $15 million in each fiscal year 1986, 1987, 1988. Overview of Caribbean Activities 201 202 1037 THE CARIBBEAN Category Development Assistana Loon Grunt PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual (Estimated) 100,273 91,900 19,240 3,000 81,033 88,900 FY 1988 (Request) 91,600 6,150 85,450 Economic Support Fund Lomn Grant Other 144,896 1,800 143,096 93,365 21 0 93,365 135,000 6,900 128, 100 0 216 1 TOTALS 245,385 31 185,265 226,600 P.L. 480 80,468 107,265 81,095 Titel 62,900 47 91,400 47 72,000 41 Tide 11 17,568 15,865 9,095 TOTALS 325,853 292,530 307,695 Footnotes: 1 International Disaster Assistance Z! The above total for ESF includes $1,720,000 in local cost support. 3/ The total includes reobligations of $5,000,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $5,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $10,000,000 in FY 1986. 4/ Includes Title III level of $15 million in each Piscal year 1986, 1987, 1988. 202 1038 1039 THE CARIBBEAN Overview the positive results of A.I.D.-sponsored economic policy reforms can be seen in the countries of the region. The Dominican Republic has set a realistic exchange rate, responsive to supply and demand, which has stabilized its Currency at a level conducive to export competitiveness. The public sector jefielt has been cut sharply and, not coincidentally, the inflation rate has fallen. In Jamaica, inflation has also fallen and positive real interest rates have encouraged more efficient resource allocation. However, high public sector deficits and a controlled exchange rate continue to inhibit all economic recovery. Haiti has acted boldly and effectively, with tax reform, improved revenue performance, and expenditure controls. The public sector deficit has dropped sharply even as investment in development programs is being increased. Several state monopolies have been dismantled and low import tariffs are replacing import quotas and other such protectionist measures. With U.S. support, 1988 could be a year of strong economic recovery and growth in the Caribbean if traditional commodity prices are relatively favorable. The United States has strong national interests in promoting political stability as well as strengthening democratic institutions and respect for human rights throughout the Caribbean. These objectives can best be achieved by sustainable economic growth and social development, especially through programs that expand the participation of the poor in the benefits of growth and development. A.I.D. assistance programs in the Caribbean include Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and the Caribbean Regional program which covers Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. All of these countries but Haiti are functioning democracies, with Haiti, the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, now in the midst of a difficult transition from dictatorship. The Caribbean is still adjusting to weak demand for many of its traditional exports and a reduction in intra-regional trade. Although some structural adjustment measures have already been adopted, major additional adjustments are needed. As all Caribbean markets are small, economic growth will depend to a great extent on increasing export earnings, particularly to markets outside the region. Through the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), the United States has sought to promote the region's development. The CBI offers improved access to U.S. markets and is a key factor for economic growth. The first three years of operations of the CBI trade provisions have been encouraging. Non- traditional exports -- the principal focus of the CBI -- have increased, especially for Haiti, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic. However, because of unfavorable developments in traditional commodity markets, particularly bauxite and sugar, sales of traditional products have dropped and overall export levels have slipped. The Caribbean countries, however, are making progress toward economic stabilization, and have good prospects for economic growth if sound macroeconomic policies are maintained and adequate external financial assistance is available. The transitional government in Haiti has undertaken a far-reaching program of economic policy reforms. Severe balance-of-payments problems persist in countries such as Jamaica and the Dominican Republic which have heavy foreign debt service burdens. The countries of the Eastern Caribbean have begun a structural adjustment process with assistance from A.1.d., the World Bank, and other donors. A.I.D.'s strategy is to encourage necessary economic adjustments, and at the same time to provide financial assistance to moderate the negative impact of such adjustments, particularly on the poorest groups. Over the medium and Tong term, prospects for sustained increases in economic growth and employment depend on measures to encourage capital inflows, establish suitable environments for investment in agricultural diversification, non-traditional exports, and tourism. The private sector must be the engine of growth. Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the world, is a special case within the Caribbean. With annual per capita income of $320, approximately 80% of Haitians have average incomes of under $150 per year. Therefore, in adition to assistance with broad economic problems, A.I.D.'s support to uiti includes major assistance for food production for domestic Consumption, and investments in education, health, child survival, and coulation planning. A.I.D. assistance in these sectors, while an important component of our programs in the other Caribbean countries, does not receive the same levels of funding as these activities do in Haiti. A.1.0.'s goals in the region are to assist the Caribbean countries to: comolete the process of economic stabilization in countries where this has not yet been accomplished; undertake structural adjustments that will result in sustained economic growth led by private sector investment, especially in agricultural diversification, other non-traditional export activities, and tourism; achieve broad participation by low income groups in the benefits of growth, especially through delivery systems that improve health status, promote child survival, and make family planning services more widely available; and strengthen democratic institutions and respect for human rights, both by working directly with such institutions and by achieving a substantial increase and broader participation in training, especially in the United States. FY 1988 Program Highlights in order to achieve these goals, shared by the democratic countries in the Caribbean, we are requesting $135 million in FY 1988 Economic Support Fund (ESF) resources, $91.6 million in Development Assistance (DA) and P.L. 480 funding of $81.1 million. 203 204 1039 The positive results of A.I.D.-sponsored economic policy reforms can be seen in the countries of the region. The Dominican Republic has set a realistic exchange rate, responsive to supply and demand, which has stabilized its currency at a level conducive to export competitiveness. The public sector deficit has been cut sharply and, not coincidentally, the inflation rate has fallen. In Jamaica, inflation has also fallen and positive real interest rates have encouraged more efficient resource allocation. However, high public sector deficits and a controlled exchange rate continue to inhibit full economic recovery. Haiti has acted boldly and effectively, with tax reform, improved revenue performance, and expenditure controls. The public sector deficit has dropped sharply even as investment in development programs is being increased. Several state monopolies have been dismantled and low import tariffs are replacing import quotas and other such protectionist measures. with U.S. support, 1988 could be a year of strong economic recovery and growth in the Caribbean if traditional commodity prices are relatively favorable. . Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the world, is a special case within the Caribbean with annual per capita income of $320, approximately 80% of Haitians have average incomes of under $150 per year. Therefore, in addition to assistance with broad economic problems, A.I.D.'s support to Haiti includes major assistance for food production for domestic consumption, and investments in education, health, child survival, and population planning. A.I.D. assistance in these sectors, while an important component of our programs in the other Caribbean countries, does not receive the same levels of funding as these activities do in Haiti. A.1.D.'s goals in the region are to assist the Caribbean countries to: complete the process of economic stabilization in countries where this has not yet been accomplished; undertake structural adjustments that will result in sustained economic growth led by private sector investment, especially in agricultural diversification, other non-traditional export activities, and tourism; -- achieve broad participation by low income groups in the benefits of growth, especially through delivery systems that improve health status, promote child survival, and make family planning services more widely available; and strengthen democratic institutions and respect for human rights, both by working directly with such institutions and by achieving a substantial increase and broader participation in training, especially in the United States. FY 1988 Program Highlights In order to achieve these goals, shared by the democratic countries in the Caribbean, we are requesting $135 million in FY 1988 Economic Support Fund (ESF) resources, $91.6 million in Development Assistance (DA) and P.L. 480 funding of $81.1 million. 204 1040 1041 In Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica, ESF will provide balance-of-payments assistance in support of continuing economic policy reforms. In the smaller countries of the Eastern Caribbean, the emphasis will be on continued development of productive infrastructure and structural adjustment policy reform measures. DA projects will concentrate on private sector activities in agricultural diversification, development of small industries, improvement in efficiency of delivery of social services and training. In Haiti, DA projects will continue to expand basic education opportunities (primarily through non-governmental organizations), and to improve the health and nutritional status of the rural and urban poor, especially children. In FY 1988, A.I.D. will expand training programs in the Caribbean with emphasis on training in the United States, especially through the Presidential Training Initiatives for the Island Caribbean program. Dominican Republic 207 205 1041 Dominican Republic 207 1042 1043 COUNTRY: (517) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC FX 68 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA BASIC DATA FOREIGN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS,MID 1986) 6, 789 PER CAPITA GNP .......... (DOLLARS, 1984) 990 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 3.2% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) MAJOR EXPORTS(1984) SUGAR GOLD ALLOY FERRONICKEL EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 541 (1984) 671 (1985) 852 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 62% (1983) 79% (1984) 01% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) FOODSTUFFS , PETROLEUM INDUST. RAU HAT IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 505 (1984) 472 (1985) 760 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 52% (1983) 43% (1984) 39% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) - 490(83) -497(84) - 381 NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1976) 6.3% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 61.1 (1970) TOTAL 53.8 NALE 59.3 FEMALE 63.1 MALE 52.1 FEMALE 55.6 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1961) TOTAL 72% NALE 73% FEMALE 72% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES . VENEZUELA JAPAN • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITÀ AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 1976-1985) EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) BO. 3% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 146 10.7% 15% • SOCIAL DATA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 168 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.0% (1970) 2.8% (1986) 2.5% . POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 40% ( 1986) 57% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE ( 1970) 7 ( 1986) SUBSISTENCE: RICE ,BEANS-DRY , ROOTS AND TUBERS 26% ( 1985) CASH: SUGARCANE ,COFFEE ,COCOA BEANS 47% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION (1983) 36.0 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RAW SUGAR ,COFFEE , TOBACCO POPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 39.9% (15-64YRS) 57.2% (65+ VRS) 2.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WEAT ,CORN , EDIBLE OIL INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 72 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ....... (1981) 45% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1983) 1,386 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( .) (1901) 995 (82) 827 (83) 1.001 DEATH.. (1962CORO. PERINATAL PULMONARY CIRCUL INTESTINAL INFEC TOTAL EXPENDITURES ANO NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1901) 1,176 (82) 1.073 (83) 1,217 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A X OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (8 MILLIONS, U.S.) (1961) -181 (82) -247 (83) -216 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1900) 89% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES.. (1982) 10.4% (83) ..8% (84) 12.8% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP AS X OF ONP. .. (1982) 1.3% (03) 1.2% (14) 1.5% PRIMARY... (1001) TOTAL 63.0 MALE 62.3 FEMALE 65.6 SECONDARY ... (1001) TOTAL 73.. MALE 73.0 FEMALE 74.0 OFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONDARY (1961) TOTAL 44.. MALE FEMALE 45.2 (MILLIONS. U.S.) (1903) 203 (84) 20. (89) 340 EQUIVALENT TO 2.5 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1994) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 208 00 To NO 170284) bAgdemic: degree weeking " DO INTCAN REPAC ba AG BLT 66 9861 13 12,900 14,389 1,489 لمد 40,000 66,501 2 40,000 0 prior FY. Regionale Bilateral Regionale Category US Porticipants TOTALS Third Country Participants 9 during the FY & carryovers still in training from the struining refers to the wum of participant new starts FY 1986 Total 277 149 LA PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' 209 (Estimated) T FY 1987 269 P. AMDP). Total 398 Technical: non-degree seeking 45 dParticipants funded under bilateral programe denta funded under regional programu leifar А 143 ( Request) 236 341 TOTALS Foreign National U.S. National Category Escludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. Actu 31 50.5 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and IG personnel PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT MIRE" FY 1987 50 (Request) Fy 1985 50 30 Footnotes: TOTALS 80,890 The total includes reobligation of $2,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986. The above total for ESF includes $165,000 in local cost support, 69,213 15,261 11,240 26,501 Actual) FY 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) 14,500 3,000 17,500 Estimated) FY 1987 EILT 30,000 31,713 37,500 20,000 20,000 17 0 5 성 ​8 FY 1988 Total 1043 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 26,501 17,500 11,240 3,000 15,261 14,500 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 20,000 6,150 13,850 20,000 17 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 40,000 0 40,000 35,000 0 35,000 20,000 SINS-inoma so * Avans HO IV TOTALS 66,501 2 37,500 55,000 POORATTO WITH SEASONABLE ACCESS Yosers were P.L. 480 14,389 31,713 21,294 Title 1 12,900 30,000 20,000 Title 11 1,489 1,713 1,294 TOTALS 80,890 69,213 76,294 Footnotes: 1/ The above total for ESF includes $165,000 in local cost support. 2/ The total includes reobligation of $2,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRES FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 (Actuel) (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 19.5 20 20 Foreign National 31 30 30 ICIALS 50.5 50 50 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceus property, and IG personnel. Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATAS FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Estimated) T (Request) T A5 А Total Total 109 25 210 9 319 34 130 3 11 5 ܬܐ ܘ Category (Actual) TC Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 76 121 197 Regionale 14 18 32 Third Country Participants Bilateral d ୨ 36 45 Regionale 3 3 TOTALS 99 178 277 • In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the 341 8 1 15 30 45 10 20 30 149 249 398 143 236 379 prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (eg., CLASP, AMDP). bAcademic: degree seeking. AID 370-2 (886) 209 1044 1045 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Introduction country is estimated at more than $500 million. The Dominican Republic has been designated as a beneficiary country under the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date It is important to U.S. interests that the Dominican Republic successfully manage its immediate financial problems, continue implementation of its economic adjustment program leading to recovery and self-sustaining growth, expand the private sector's role in development, and improve the investment and trade climate. A.I.D.'s strategy and policy dialogue with the GODR are directed toward achieving financial stability in the short term, and economic recovery over the longer term, including: private sector investment and increased exports of non-traditional products; agricultural diversification; and development of supporting institutional, physical, and social infrastructure. The Dominican Republic, with a projected per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of 5900 in 1986, is just beginning to recover from a severe economic crisis which produced a 6.5% decline in per capita GDP in 1983 and 1984. A.I.D. assistance, along with an International Monetary Fund (IMF) standby program which the Government of the Dominican Republic (GODR) successfully completed in April 1986, was instrumental in encouraging the government to adopt several important economic policy reforms, including the establishment of a unified, market-determined exchange rate, the reduction or elimination of costly subsidies on basic commodities and services, and the imple- mentation of a series of monetary and fiscal adjustments. As a result of these measures, an important degree of economic stability was achieved by mid-1986. Sharply lower prices for imported petroleum and lower world interest rates combined with these sensible policies caused the market-determined exchange rate to appreciate by some 10% from average 1985 levels and to stabilize. These factors contributed to a reduction in net price inflation for the first half of 1986 to less than 1%. The improved alignment of relative prices, as well as increased investor confidence, has served both to broaden the country's export base and stimulate renewed economic activity. However, during the period immediately preceding the May 1986 elections and the transition period which followed, there was some lessening in the GODA'S political resolve to maintain its economic austerity program. The GOOR is again facing short-term fiscal and balance-of-payment's problems. In addition, the Dominican Republic's economic difficulties reflect basic structural problems which must be addressed in order to permit long-tera, sustained economic growth to take place. These problems include: (1) dependence on a few primary exports with widely fluctuating world prices: (2) predominance of inefficient, capital-intensive domestic industries which enjoy substantial tariff protection but provide insufficient new jobs for the expanding workforce; (3) failure of agricultural production to achieve its potential because of price disincentives, inefficiently managed public lands, insufficient infrastructure, and inadequate support for small farmers who produce primarily for the domestic market; (4) inadequate policy incentives for the promotion of non-traditional exports; (5) shortage of trained managers and technicians; and (6) scarce resources for financing public sector social programs. The U.S. national interest is promoted and supported by a democratic Dominican Republic with an open, growing economy and continuing positive relations with the United States. The GODR consistently has supported the United States on key issues in international fora. As a functioning democracy in which human rights are respected, the Dominican Republic shares common ideals with the United States. Strong cultural and educational ties Link the two countries. Thousands of Dominicans have studied in the United States and continue to maintain professional contacts with U.S. Institu- tions. The Dominican Republic is a leading importer of U.S. goods in the Caribbean, and a growing exporter. Total Ú.s. private investment in the Economic Support Fund (ESF). A principal objective of ESF assistance is to provide balance-of-payments support while the GODR is undertaking difficult adjustment measures to solve short-term external and internal financial imbalances from September 1982 through September 1986, $83 million in loans and $135 million in grants have been provided to the GOOR through the Private Enterprise Sector Development project (517-0171). These resources have enabled the GODR to: (1) carry out crucial economic reforms, such as the unification of the exchange rate; (2) successfully conclude an IMF standby program; (3) remove price subsidies on a number of domestically produced food commodities, particularly on rice; (4) eliminate a number of export restrictions; and (5) permit the leasing of state sugar lands to private producers of non-traditional crops, which will facilitate imple- mentation of an export-oriented growth strategy. An additional $20 million in ESF is planned for FY 1987 to encourage future policy changes such as the elimination of the government's monopoly role in the marketing of basic Commodities, shifting those market activities to the private sector; streamlining public sector operations to generate a current account surplus to augment productive public investment; and development of an aggressive program of sugar diversification to reduce the country's dependence on traditional exports which are subject to sharp world market price fluctuations. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.1.D.'s related strategy for agricultural diversification is directed at reducing the GODR's dependence on three traditional crops by increasing the production and export of non-traditional crops. The Dominican Republic has long depended on a sugar-based agricultural economy, and sugar still accounts for 35% of total export earnings. However, because of drastically reduced U.S. import quotas and continued low international prices, much land now devoted to sugar production should be used to produce higher value crops with better long-term market prospects. Emphasis is being given to fresh fruits and vegetables. These commodities are being successfully produced by sma 11 farmers under contract with agribusinesses who handle the packing, shipping, and marketing functions. The centerpiece of the A.I.D. effort to stimulate diversification into non-traditional crops with export potential is the 210 211 1045 country is estimated at more than $500 million. The Dominican Republic has been designated as a beneficiary country under the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). A.1.0. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to te It is important to U.S. interests that the Dominican Republic successfully manage its immediate financial problems, continue implementation of its economic adjustment program leading to recovery and self-sustaining growth, expand the private sector's role in development, and improve the investment and trade climate. A.I.D.'s strategy and policy dialogue with the GODR are directed toward achieving financial stability in the short term, and economic recovery over the longer term, including: private sector investment and increased exports of non-traditional products; agricultural diversification; and development of supporting institutional, physical, and social infrastructure. Economic Support Fund (ESF). A principal objective of ESF assistance is to provide balance-of-payments support while the GODR is undertaking difficult adjustment measures to solve short-term external and internal financial imbalances. From September 1982 through September 1986, $83 million in loans and $135 million in grants have been provided to the GOOR through the Private Enterprise Sector Development project (517-0171). These resources have enabled the GODR to: (1) carry out crucial economic reforms, such as the unification of the exchange rate; (2) successfully conclude an IMF standby program; (3) remove price subsidies on a number of domestically produced food commodities, particularly on rice; (4) eliminate a number of export restrictions; and (5) permit the leasing of state sugar lands to private producers of non-traditional crops, which will facilitate imple- mentation of an export-oriented growth strategy. An additional $20 million in ESF is planned for FY 1987 to encourage future policy changes such as the elimination of the government's monopoly role in the marketing of basic commodities, shifting those market activities to the private sector; streamlining public sector operations to generate a current account surplus to augment productive public investment; and development of an aggressive program of sugar diversification to reduce the country's dependence on traditional exports which are subject to sharp world market price fluctuations. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s related strategy for agricultural diversification is directed at reducing the GODR's dependence on three traditional crops by increasing the production and export of non-traditional crops. The Dominican Republic has long depended on a sugar-based agricultural economy, and sugar still accounts for 35% of total export earnings. However, because of drastically reduced U.S. import quotas and continued low international prices, much land now devoted to sugar production should be used to produce higher value crops with better long-term market prospects. Emphasis is being given to fresh fruits and vegetables. These commodities are being successfully produced by small farmers under contract with agribusinesses who handle the packing, shipping. and marketing functions. The centerpiece of the A.I.D. effort to stimulate diversification into non-traditional crops with export potential is the 211 1047 1046 project (517-0117) where over 1,600 miles of rural roads have been repaired and 185 ailes have been completely rehabilitated. These roads provide improved access to agricultural inputs by farmers and transportation of agricultural products to both export and domestic markets. Conservation and bore efficient generation of electrical energy are being achieved through the Energy Conservation and Resource Development project (517-0144). Adsinistrative, managerial, and technical skills of private and public sector personnel, including those in tourism, are being upgraded through the Graduate Management Training project (517-0157). recently approved $18.06 million Agribusiness Promotion project (517-0186). Under this activity, $15.56 million in loan funds are being provided for credit channelled through the Central Bank to commercial and development banks for financing production of non-traditional, agro-industrial products. Financing is provided to private borrowers at commercial rates of interest and is creating an efficient model for increasing private sector access to credit. In the ten months since this financing was established within the Central Bank, 41 loan sub-projects have been approved and over $21 million in A.I.D. loan and counterpart funds have been made available. Estimates indicate that these projects will generate around $230 million in foreign exchange earnings over the next five years and could provide employment for as many as 35,000 persons. The project also encourages direct foreign investment in the Dominican Republic of the sub-projects approved to date, 14% of investor equity is foreign-based. The grant element of the project provides $2.5 million through the Joint Agricultural Consultative Committee for technical assistance to U.S. and Dominican organizations who wish to help promising agribusiness ventures to find foreign partners, locate markets, or conduct feasibility studies of potential new areas for investment. Thus far, 15 Dominican firms have been matched with U.S. buyers, 50 U.S. firms have been advised on likely Dominican partners for joint ventures, 3 joint ventures are under way, and 5 new investments are under study. In FY 1987, agricultural projects will focus even more tightly on stimulating commercial farming enterprises to diversify production. These efforts are closely linked to the development of agribusinesses outlined above. The Commercial Farming Systems project (517-0214) will help combine private and public sector resources for technology development. This $14 million project will address the major bottlenecks to the expansion of non-traditional export agriculture in the Dominican Republic. A $5 million FY 1987 Sugar Diversification project (517-0236) will provide assistance in the development and implementation of a major effort to shift production from sugar to non-traditional crops. This project will assist investors who wish to lease or purchase lands owned by the government sugar company. Technical assistance will be offered to small farmers who wish to diversify their production from sugar into crops with improved export potential. Feasibility studies by new investors will also be financed. Long-term credit will be provided from local currency associated with the $24.5 million FY 1986 Section 416 sugar quota reduction offset program. The Rural Savings Mobilization project (517-0179) has generated $3 million in savings through 23 branches of the Agricultural Bank and the number of new savings accounts has almost doubled in the past year, growing from 18,000 to 34.500. Building on this successful project, A.I.D. will expand financial services to smaller clients living in rural areas, with emphasis given to those areas of the country with the highest concentration of non-traditional crop production. The Commercial Farming Systems project will include a component for credit through agribusinesses to outgrowers of non-traditional crops. A.I.D. will continue to support GODR efforts to improve maintenance and rehabilitation of rural access roads through the Rural Roads Maintenance !! Health and Population Planning. Because the GODR faces severe budget Tinitations on expenditures for public social programs, A.I.D.'s strategy enchasizes alternate approaches to improving and expanding these services Wille reducing the public sector's cost burden. The objective of our activities is to provide greater coverage of needed health care and vcluntary family planning services by reinforcing the private sector's Capacity to meet these needs. A pilot project offering family planning services was recently completed after having trained 1,225 promoters who work in rural areas. The government-operated National Council for Population and the Family (CONAPOFA) expanded its services at its clinics to include evening hours and provided assistance to almost 11,500 women, some 3,000 of whom were new acceptors. With A.1.0. grant funds, CONAPOFA has trained key staff in the United States and has done important surveys on attitudes toward family planning and population issues. In addition, the institute for Population and Development Studies currently has five studies under vay, among them a study on the relationship between health and family planning these studies provide the basis for improved program targeting and bore effective information and education activities. As a result of the successful pilot project, A.I.D. approved $5.6 million for the Family Planning Services Expansion project (517-0229) late in FY 1986. The new activity will be jointly implemented by CONAPOFA and a private, non-profit family planning organization. PROFAMILIA. The two institutions, one public, the other private, have agreed to a division of 'abor which will allow them to offer family planning services over a much greater area of the major urban and selected rural areas. Continued improvement in earnings from the tourist industry, which provides 40% of the country's foreign exchange earnings, could be threatened unless salarial mosquito infestation in north coastal areas is brought under control. To combat the spread of malaria in the most affected areas, in FY 1986 A.I.D. began a Vector Control Program (517-0235) that made $1.5 million available for training malaria eradication control personnel in the use of ecologically sound methods of controlling mosquitos and the application of other vector control techniques. OPG's will support child Survival activities, including oral rehydration therapy, promotion of breast feeding, immunization against endemic diseases, and reduction of infectious respiratory ailments. Education and Human Resources Development. The activities financed under this account also support the private sector-oriented program direction, by meeting the need for managers and technicians in agriculture, agribusiness, 212 213 1047 1 project (517-0177) where over 1.600 miles of rural roads have been repaired and 185 miles have been completely rehabilitated. These roads provide improved access to agricultural inputs by farmers and transportation of agricultural products to both export and domestic markets. Conservation and more efficient generation of electrical energy are being achieved through the Energy Conservation and Resource Development project (517-0144). Administrative, managerial, and technical skills of private and public sector personnel, including those in tourism, are being upgraded through the Graduate Management Training project (517-0157). Health and Population Planning. Because the GODR faces severe budget Timitations on expenditures for public social programs, A.I.D.'s strategy emphasizes alternate approaches to improving and expanding these services while reducing the public sector's cost burden. The objective of our activities is to provide greater coverage of needed health care and voluntary family planning services by reinforcing the private sector's capacity to meet these needs. A pilot project offering family planning services was recently completed after having trained 1,225 promoters who work in rural areas. The government-operated National Council for Population and the Family (CONAPOFA) expanded its services at its clinics to include evening hours and provided assistance to almost 11,500 women, some 3,000 of whom were new acceptors. with A.I.D. grant funds, CONAPOFA has trained key staff in the United States and has done important surveys on attitudes toward family planning and population issues. In addition, the Institute for Population and Development Studies currently has five studies under way, among them a study on the relationship between health and family planning. These studies provide the basis for improved program targeting and more effective information and education activities. As a result of the successful pilot project, A.1.0. approved $5.6 million for the Family Planning Services Expansion project (517-0229) late in FY 1986. The new activity will be jointly implemented by CONAPOFA and a private, non-profit family planning organization. PROFAMILIA. The two institutions, one public, the other private, have agreed to a division of labor which will allow them to offer family planning services over a much greater area of the major urban and selected rural areas. Continued improvement in earnings from the tourist industry, which provides 40% of the country's foreign exchange earnings, could be threatened unless malarial mosquito infestation in north coastal areas is brought under control. To combat the spread of malaria in the most affected areas, in FY 1986 A.I.D. began a Vector Control Program (517-0235) that made $1.5 million available for training malaria eradication control personnel in the use of ecologically sound methods of controlling mosquitos and the application of other vector control techniques. OPG'S will support child survival activities, including oral rehydration therapy, promotion of breast feeding, immunization against endemic diseases, and reduction of infectious respiratory ailments. Education and Human Resources Development. The activities financed under this account also support the private sector-oriented program direction, by meeting the need for managers and technicians in agriculture, agribusiness, 213 1048 1049 Section 109 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to the Dominican Republic in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Iraining: in FY 1986, A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 277 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (134); export promotion and agribusiness (49); vocational and technical education (24); natural resources (23); energy (17); family planning (13); management (10); and health (7). B. The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.D.D. to the Dominican Republic are as follows: Lypes of Goods Value U.S. Raw Materials U.S. Intermediate and Capital Goods $24.4 million 0.3 million TOTAL $24.7 million and industry. An ongoing Human Resources Development project (517-0127) provides funding to some 28 participating institutions which offer careers in 52 technical areas. Over 3,200 loans have been provided to low-income students, and a job placement center has been established to assist in identifying technical skills which are in demand and in locating jobs for graduates. The $6.5 million Graduate Management Training project (517-0157) provides instruction in Business Administration and Public Administration. So far, 50 students have received MBA or MPA degrees. In recognition of the fact that tourism is the country's largest foreign exchange earner, a component for training in hotel management and tourism was recently added to this project. Late in FY 1986, A.I.D. signed an agreement with the National Council of Businessmen of the Dominican Republic for a Development Training project (517-0216). The $7 million grant will train professional, technical, and managerial personnel for export-oriented industrial and agricultural enterprises. Short-term training will be given to some 250 participants, and funding made available for 8 PhDs and 55 Master's degrees. A component of the project will link the National Council of Businessmen, the Partners of the Americas, and the Michigan Partners and provide scholarships in Michigan for long-term training at the graduate level and in short courses. Selected Development Activities. The objectives of A.I.D. assistance provided under this account are to encourage the expansion of private investment in industry and agriculture, develop a broader base of non-traditional exports, and stimulate the growth of small businesses. The two major continuing activities are the Export and Investment Promotion project (517-0190) and the Small Industry Development project (517-0150). The first project is implemented through a private, non-profit organization, the Investment Promotion Council, whose purpose is to coordinate promotion of investments and exports. The Council provides grants to organizations such as the Association of Dominican Exporters and the American Chamber of Commerce to improve their services to potential U.S. Investors. The Council hosts from four to eight investment missions per month from the United States, Germany, Korea, Taiwan, and Scandinavia. The Council has provided assistance to 50 foreign companies interested in establishing operations in the Dominican Republic, including Korean Investment in a free zone, and commercial missions from Florida, Colombia, Japan, China, and Italy. Also, the Council recently financed a study on how to improve the policies of, and financing for, free trade zones. The Small Industry Development project with the Central Bank provides credit and technical assistance to small businesses. Six regional technical assistance centers have been established and offer training and other business advisory services to 335 Dominican firms. Finally, a $499,000 Microbusiness Development operational program grant (OPG) project (517-0208) has made available funding for technical advice and operational expenses to the Association for the Development of Microenterprises (ADEMI). To date, ADEMI has made loans totaling $2.7 million to about 8.000 small businesses in Santo Domingo and nearby cities. [ local currency associated with A. D.D. assistance to the Dominican Republic was allocated by A.I.D. and the GODR for the following uses in FY 1986. (There was a total of $25.1 million in local currency available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986, and an equivalent of $40 million was added during FY 1986.) Economic Stabilization Private sector Export Promotion Productive Infrastructure Agricultural Diversification Trust Fund and Other $ 9.8 million 18.4 million 25.3 million 6.5 million 5.1 million TOTAL $65.1 million D. Reprogramming of funds for the Dominican Republic during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 Obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 64,500 9,100 2,450 1,300 SDA ESF - 4,531 Actual FY 1986 Obligations 66.501 9,097 2,449 1,249 7,119 40,000 6,531 7,175 40,000 214 215 1049 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to the Dominican Republic in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training: In FY 1986, A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 277 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (134); export promotion and agribusiness (49); vocational and technical education (24); natural resources (23); energy (17); family planning (13); management(10); and health (7). B. The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.1.D. to the Dominican Republic are as follows: Types of Goods Value U.S. Raw Materials U.S. Intermediate and Capital Goods $24.4 million 0.3 million TOTAL $24.7 million C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to the Dominican Republic was allocated by A.I.D. and the GODR for the following uses in FY 1986. (There was a total of $25.1 million in local currency available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986, and an equivalent of $40 million was added during FY 1986.) Economic Stabilization $ 9.8 million Private Sector Export Promotion 18.4 million Productive Infrastructure 25.3 million Agricultural Diversification 6.5 million Trust Fund and Other 5.1 million TOTAL $65.1 million D. Reprogramming of funds for the Dominican Republic during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: (5000) Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD SDA ESF Estimated FY 1986 obligations 64,500 9,100 2,450 1,300 4,531 7,119 40,000 Actual FY 1986 Obligations 66,501 9,097 2,449 1,249 6,531 7,175 40.000 215 1050 1051 E. Funds and Programs provided to the Dominican Republic in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Government of the Non-governmental Dominican Republic Health Some $1.45 million is requested, including $1.3 million to begin the Self-Financing Health Care project (517-0230) which will support creation of a private health maintenance organization for basic health services. Also, $150,000 is requested for Program Development and Support for health sector studies and new project development. -0 DA $18.454 million ( 70%) ESF P.L. 480 Title I 0 P.L. 480 Title II 1.489 million (100%) Section 416 0 - $ 8.047 million ( 30%) 40.000 million (100%) 12.900 million (100%) 0 - 8.600 million (100%) Oild Survival. Some $500,000 is requested for the self-Financing Health Care project (517-0230) for child survival activities, including oral rehydration therapy, promotion of breast feeding, immunization against ingenic diseases, and reduction of infectious respiratory ailments. TOTAL $19.943 million (222) $69.547 million (78%)* *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of v.s. raw materials and goods needed by Dominican businesses. P.L. 480 Title ! included imports of wheat and vegetable oil which were sold for distribution through private commercial channels. Also, the equivalent of $60 million in local currency associated with these ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources are being applied to private sector activities, as summarized in paragraph C. above. foration and Human Resources. A.1.D. requests $2.25 million, of which SE20,000 is for the Development Training project (517-0216), $1.1 million is for the Presidential Training initiative for the Island Caribbean project 1517-0640), $380,000 for training activities under the Export and Investment Promotion project (517-0190), and $150,000 for Program Development and Support for evaluations, sector studies involving the role of academia and the private sector, and general program support. FY 1988 A.I.D. requests $35 million in ESF, $20 million in Development Assistance (DA), and $21.3 million in P.L. 480 to support the GODR's efforts to maintain economic stability and to implement structural reforms needed for sustained non-inflationary economic growth. ESF balance-of-payments support will continue to facilitate implementation of structural reforms necessary to diversify the Dominican Republic's economic base, and promote private sector export growth. In addition to the GODR's continued commitment to economic adjustments already adopted, the GOOR is expected to implement further measures to reduce government price controls for basic commodities and to further expand the role of the private sector in the domestic marketing of these commodities; implement an aggressive program of sugar diversification designed to reduce the country's dependence on traditional exports subject to world market price fluctuations; and develop a policy framework and program to permit the privatization of inefficient state enterprises. Se'ected Development Activities. Some $6.25 million is requested for two tev projects to expand private investment in the industrial and agricultural sectors, to both develop a broader base of non-traditional exports and to reduce government expenditures on subsidies to state-owned businesses. This 'ac'udes $3.3 million proposed for the Privatization of State Enterprises project (517-0237) to identify alternatives to public sector ownership and speration of some 51 enterprises in which the government holds either a majority or a minority position through its holding company (CORDE). Grant funds will provide technical assistance to CORDE to analyze specific investment opportunities, to identify potential investors interested in wchasing individual companies, and to assist new management in the initial stages of acquisition. Other alternatives, such as management contracts, leasing, and joint public and private ventures, will also be explored. Loan funds will provide medium and long-term working capital and investment credits to private borrowers to finance the costs of rehabilitating and operating individual companies. Also, $2 million is requested for the new Industrial Production Technology project (517-0238), whose purpose is to assist small and medium-sized firms to obtain new technological information and access new processes designed to improve their industrial design, the quality control of their output and their product standards. Some $550,000 is requested for a new Artisanal Promotion OPG to increase exports of handicraft items manufactured by small enterprises which would also receive technical assistance in product design and marketing services through a link-up with an American retail organization. Finally, $50,000 is requested for continued support to the Special Development Activities Fund (517-0050), inich finances small rural self-help projects with Peace Corps volunteers' participation; and $350,000 is requested for Program Development and Support 157-2000) for project development costs, evaluations, and studies related to private sector activities. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. Some $8 million is requested, of which $5.85 million is for the ongoing Commercial Farming System project (517-0214) and $1.75 million is for the Sugar Diversification project (517-0236), both started in FY 1987. Program Development and Support funds (517-0000) totaling $400,000 will be used for evaluations, studies, and future project development. Population Planning. A.I.D. requests $1.55 million, of which $1.5 million is to complete funding of the Family Planning Services project (517-0229), and $50,000 is for Program Development and Support funds for population studies, conferences and evaluations of centrally-funded activities. PL_480 Program. Some $20 million is proposed under Title I for the importation of wheat and vegetable oil. Local currency associated with the sale of these commodities is programmed jointly by A.1.D. and the GOOR for 216 217 1051 Health. Some $1.45 million is requested, including $1.3 million to begin the Self-Financing Health Care project (517-0230) which will support creation of a private health maintenance organization for basic health services. Also, $150,000 is requested for Program Development and Support for health sector studies and new project development. Child Survival. Some $500,000 is requested for the Self-Financing Health Care project (517-0230) for child survival activities, including oral rehydration therapy, promotion of breast feeding. immunization against endemic diseases, and reduction of infectious respiratory ailments. Education and Human Resources. A.I.D. requests $2.25 million, of which $620.000 is for the Development Training project (517-0216), $1.1 million is for the Presidential Training initiative for the Island Caribbean project (517-0640), $380,000 for training activities under the Export and Investment Promotion project (517-0190), and $150,000 for Program Development and Support for evaluations, sector studies involving the role of academia and the private sector, and general program support. Selected Development Activities. Some $6.25 million is requested for two new projects to expand private investment in the industrial and agricultural sectors, to both develop a broader base of non-traditional exports and to reduce government expenditures on subsidies to state-owned businesses. This includes $3.3 million proposed for the privatization of State Enterprises project (517-0237) to identify alternatives to public sector ownership and operation of some 51 enterprises in which the government holds either a majority or a minority position through its holding company (CORDE). Grant funds will provide technical assistance to CORDE to analyze specific investment opportunities, to identify potential investor's interested in purchasing individual companies, and to assist new management in the initial stages of acquisition. Other alternatives, such as management contracts, leasing, and joint public and private ventures, will also be explored. Loan funds will provide medium and long-term working capital and investment credits to private borrowers to fi nce the costs of rehabilitating an operating individual companies. Also, $2 million is requested for the new Industrial Production Technology project (517-0238), whose purpose is to assist small and medium-sized firms to obtain new technological information and access new processes designed to improve their industrial design, the quality control of their output and their product standards. Some $550.000 is requested for a new Artisanal Promotion OPG to increase exports of handicraft items manufactured by small enterprises which would also receive technical assistance in product design and marketing services through a link-up with an American retail organization. Finally, $50,000 is requested for continued support to the Special Development Activities Fund (517-0050), which finances small rural self-help projects with Peace Corps volunteers' participation; and $350,000 is requested for Program Development and Support (517-0000) for project development costs, evaluations, and studies related to private sector activities. P.L. 480 Program. Some $20 million is proposed under Title I for the importation of wheat and vegetable oil. Local currency associated with the sale of these commodities is programmed jointly by A.I.D. and the GODR for 1 217 1053 Mission Director: Henry H. Bassford production. including oral rehydration therapy (ORT) activities. American Relief Everywhere (CARE) for maternal and child health programs, Title II will provide foodstuffs to be distributed by the Cooperative for controls and subsidies on farm products. encourage the GODR to modify counterproductive policies such as price projects designed to alleviate agricultural problems and increase The program is an excellent instrument for policy dialogue to The $1.3 million proposed for 1052 THROUGH Olio LANO AUTO OTTURS NUTRITION 9.239 27 AND > 25 400 RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT 1.600 1.100 993 SOO 128 30 1.600 KATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 500 500 105 31 300 #1 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGE ENT 10. 300 10.500 10.500 1.245 2.000 2.500 79 80 10.000 10.000 10.000 9.76 231 --- : 82 3.114 2.789 231 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV 3.114 --- 5.268 1.910 -- 82 2.961 397 L ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV 5.266 5.268 595 203 130 214 $2 $2 595 595 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 552 3.500 2.001 600 347 32 32 3.500 3.500 290 79 13 500 500 84 $6 ASRICULT JRE POLICY ANALYSIS 500 12.000 643 2.000 2.300 83 33 ON - PART WATER MANAGEMENT 12.000 12.000 437 3.450 187 SO --- 750 . 3 L 83 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TRAINING 3,450 3.430 2.000 230 7 SO 95 2.000 2.000 219 BORUTORE ABICULTURE. RURAL oe. 17-0000 PROGRAM SUPPORT bevELOPMENT $17-12) S17-0126 517-0126 $17-0130 RURAL PEEDER ROADS 517-0146 $17-0144 $17-0130 SVALL INDUSTRY 317--0150 SMALL INDUSTRY 517-01 36 $17-0139 517-0160 517-0173 FORESTRY MANAGERENT ov 9.10 218 1053 SUNSARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 517 OONINICAN REPUBLIC CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LPY OF FY OF I INITIAL INAL G OBLIG DILIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGN PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLIG- ENDEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 207 323 325 400 400 400 36 1.600 1.600 1.100 955 500 128 450 67 --- --- $17-0126 G 81 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SOO 500 500 105 31 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ... --- --- 2.500 L 79 80 10.000 10.000 10.000 9,769 --- 231 --- ... 82 3.114 3.114 2.789 231 94 --- 82 36 3,266 5,268 5.268 1,910 --- 2.961 --- 397 --- --- 595 203 --- 150 --- 214 L 32 82 3.500 3.300 3.500 2.001 --- ... --- 552 --- --- --- 600 4 500 79 500 500 110 290 13 --- --- $17-0159 L ON - FARS MATER MANAGEMENT 83 33 12.000 12.000 12.000 --- 643 1.345 --- 2.000 2.500 437 --- 187 --- 450 --- 750 --- --- --- 250 --- 750 219 62 C 9.387 9.238 517-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPRENT AND SUPPORT 517-0125 G 81 RURAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGENENT 517-0126 :1 NATURAL PESOURCES MANAGENENT 10, 500 10.300 10.500 6,361 1.245 2.000 517-0130 RURAL FEEDER ROADS 517-0164 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV 517-0144 L ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV $17-0150 SHALL INDUSTRY G 82 92 595 595 517-01 30 SNALL INDUSTRY 517-0156 3 AGRICULT JRE POLICY ANALYSIS $17-0160 L 83 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TRAINING 3,450 3,450 3,450 517-0173 PORE STRY MANAGENENT 3 34 35 2.000 2.000 2.000 badoo bol 31,10 ore 031, 10th Festion thered on plane 1054 1055 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 517 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PROJECT NO. AND TITL! • LFY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGM FYRS OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY96- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 33 15.000 15.000 -ESTIMATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 12.800 2,349 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 2.23 1,955 83 95 3.000 950 950 950 334 ,000 106 B5 2.500 2.500 $10 1.760 760 517-0186 AGRI-BUSINESS PRONOTION L 28 35 36 750 --- 15.560 15.360 10,220 1,500 5.340 11,220 G COMMERCIAL PARNING SYSTEMS 37 --- 89 6,340 6.000 --- --- L COMMERCIAL FARMING SYSTENS 37 39 1.500 10,000 --- --- --- 2.000 400 --- SUGAR DIVERSIFICATION : 9788 3.000 5.000 3,850 2.000 --- --- 3,275 -.. TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.750 300 106.037 87.037 97.624 35.432 9.097 20.504 POPULATION PLANNIN 3.000 13.01 3,950 12.097 6 62 C 333 162 149 217 SO 125 SO 86 80 SO 5.600 2.300 --- --- 2.300 --- 1.800 3 SO 1.500 750 220 ANO TITLE ENTRAL OLTO PINAL - VODOV. PLANO OOLIO SAPO AUTHO ATIONS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 400 2.300 333 217 1. DO 69-533 0 - 87 - 34 GRANTS 3 900 162 2.44 1.OO 1.990 .00 300 LOANS NLALTN 762 24 1.105 G #17 117 600 150 62 C 500 $17-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT --- --- 405 557 79 8.000 7.035 &.000 8.000 600 1.500 1 650 US 1.500 1.500 --- 100 134 261 495 23 695 495 300 2. 500 39 --- 36 --- --- 88 89 5.000 150 175 --- 430 35 430 430 500 500 1,350 s00 67 G 85 CARE - RURAL WATER OPG 317-0235 78 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 517-0177 L RURAL ROADS SAINTENANCE II (PVO) 317-0179 G SAVINSS MOBILIZATION I 517-0186 AGRI-BUSINESS PRONOTION 6 S17-0214 317-0214 517-0236 GRANTS 8.095 15.943 19,836 8.000 15,761 13,62 LOANS 20.759 11.759 85,275 75,275 1.557 1.03 67,738 5.005 21. 470 2.925 7.540 4,150 19,465 3,644 517-ODOO PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 517-0229 3 PAMILY PLANNING SERVICES 517-0120 L MEALTN SECTOR TI 517-0133 6 MEALTN SYSTENS MANAGENENT G 517--0174 TEAL TN AND NUTRITION EDUCATION - OPG 1.300 517-0230 SELP-PINANCING NEAL TM CARE 517-0230 .L SELF-PINANCING MEALTH CARE 517-0232 G VECTOR CONTROL 517-9999 1.500 1.500 --- --- 2.750 500 1.500 с :: 221 often 1055 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS) OURLAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIOBLAN S17 DONINICAN REPUBLIC CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OR FY OF LOP I INITIAL PINAL PLANNED GODLIG OBLIG AUTND -THROUGN FYO3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY:6- OBLIO- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- BOLIG- EXPEN- ITIONS DITURES PROPOSED FYRI- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 69-533 0 - 87 - 34 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 333 5.600 2.300 162 2.449 217 1.850 675 1.550 BOO GRANTS 5.600 2.300 333 162 2.449 217 1.850 475 1.550 800 LOANS --- CO --- ... NEALIN 6 62 C is 817 762 249 117 1.105 800 150 $17-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 500 L 79 79 8.000 8.000 8.000 7.035 $17-0120 MEALTN SECTOR 11 557 --- 605 --- --- 34 35 517-0153 MEALTN SYSTENS MANAGEMENT 900 1.500 1.500 1.500 --- --- --- 1 SO 600 5 261 --- 100 134 517-0174 HEALTN ANO NUTRITION EDUCATION - OPG 699 36 89 $17-0230 SELF-FINANCING MEALTH CARE 2.500 --- --- --- --- 1.300 300 --- --- 33 517-0230 ™L SELF-PINANCING MEAL IN CARE 39 5.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 6 85 85 430 630 430 517-0232 CARE - RURAL WATER OPG --- --- 43 150 175 G 86 87 1.500 1,500 1.300 --- 500 500 500 --- --- --- --- 2.750 500 1.500 7 78 C PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 517-0235 VECTOR CONTROL $17-9999 221 Gold FY 31,0 FYb.de 1056 1057 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $17 JONINICAN REPUBLIC PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OP HY OP LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G OBLIG OBLIG AUTMD СР ВО -INROUGM FY89- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY99- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 19,425 11.035 11.242 8.058 1,249 723 6.355 2.905 GRANTS 1,50 3.709 3.242 1.023 6,425 3.925 13,000 8.000 1.249 LOANS 166 4.355 8.000 2.500 1.450 CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 7,035 3.709 557 --- 408 517-0230 SELF-PINANCING HEALTH CARE 300 --- --- .. --- .. 500 200 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 500 --- --- --- GRANTS 500 500 200 LOANS Soo 200 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 62 517-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 872 .O. 1 30 123 180 200 150 175 517-0127 3 TUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 81 81 1.150 1.150 1.150 607 --- 221 175 --- 31 147 4,250 6.250 6.250 517-C127 L 31 LUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 517-0157 GRADUATE NANASENINT TRAINING 1.090 --- 531 700 57 700 6.500 6. 300 1.861 381 593 ... 1.200 83 1.200 1.350 1.530 1.550 $17-0160 $3 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TRAINING 317-0163 6 12 IADTO SANTA MARIA • OPG COD 250 85 250 625 425 425 238 --- OS $17-0190 102 EXPORI suvesTMENT PROMOTION 96 83 2.300 2.500 --- 1.500 620 390 1.450 222 DORINICAN AND PACTO: OSLO 36 4.00 917-0216 DEVELOPMENT 317-0040 PIIIC DO TRAINING 7.000 7.300 200 G 26 HO TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 4.514 1.53 2.00 9.277 2.290 ..172 9.375 3.375 GRANTS 3.426 6.31 1.027 2.400 6.327 2.230 5.222 779 7.375 5.800 5.800 LOANS 5.800 1.090 S31 30 30 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITI! 5 1.151 1.426 750 62 353 C 515 350 650 3 317-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 50 1.100 1.090 SS 35 616 3 62 C SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVIT: 15 517-0144 6 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV 317-0030 1.600 202 752 1.30 --- 795 2.600 2.00 --- --- --- 3.30 --- 6.SSO 2.501 L 32 $ 6.550 6.550 317-0144 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV --- --- 75 --- 111 69 2SS 3 82 $17-01 SO SNALL INDUSTRY 255 235 --- --- 1.500 O. 1.500 L ܐ܀ 517-01 50 SMALL INDUSTRY 1.500 1.500 77 355 46 --- 478 G 33 35 517-0166 MOUSING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY - OP 1.200 --- 540 L 35 517-0186 AGRI-BUSINESS PROYOTION 1,740 1.740 --- --- 1.50 ככל 1.50 --- 1.600 1.350 95 97 517-01 90 EXPORT INVESTMENT PROMOTION 3.500 3.50 223 'n 21. 1057 SUNNART OP ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 95 -PROPOSED FYL& -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91160 -ESTINATIO PY97- EXPEN ATIONS DITUPES -93700 -Niaxa ATIONS DITURES 98 0002 --- 4.500 OCS 1,500 520 1.300 7.000 2,200 s 87 --- 1.139 39 1.100 1.000 1,027 2.400 6.327 2.250 5.222 --- 531 --- 50 200 ose 7 29 . 1,426 1.151 353 SIS 730 350 450 C 1.100 1.990 39 42 35 ១ SS CS OS 92 98 1.600 016 1.390 752 --- 753 282 2.600 2.000 --- --- 949 --- OCCS --- 2.501 3 28 34 255 255 235 111 --- 75 L ܐ܀ 2 8 1.500 --- --- 1,500 1.500 1,500 69 --- ... --- ... 9 3 os 479 473 355 --- 77 --- 478 35 36 1.200 540 ... --- --- $17-0186 AGRI- BUSINESS PROMOTION 1.740 1.740 --- ... --- --- ! 35 97 1.350 1.650 201/ 1.595 200 1.600 3.500 3.5.0 223 Nbwoontor 71,100 BURLAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIOS EAN $17 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LPY OR FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNID AUTMD 517-0216 DEVELOPMENT TRAINING 517-0640 PTIIC TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16.366 4,514 6.531 1.595 2.400 5.277 25,575 23,375 2.250 6.172 GRANTS 99509 3,424 6.531 19,775 17.575 5,800 5.800 LOANS 5.800 1.090 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 317-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 517-0050 : 62 SPECIAL DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 517-0144 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV 32 85 6.550 6.550 317.0164 L ENERGY CONSERVATION AND RESOURCES DEV OSS 9 517-0150 SNALL INDUSTRY 517-0150 SMALL INDUSTRY 517--0166 MOUSING APPROPRIATE TECHNOLO SY - OP $17-0190 G EXPORT INVESTNENT PROMOTION de 31,0PY 1059 SUMMARY O 4CTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) eurau #3: Lirik IC AND CAI 3's 517 USINICAN FOL: PADJECT NO. LO? PLAY: 1 INIT:4. FINAL ; -THROUG FY25- ':6c 9116C -NieX-91780 -ACTUAL FYE 6- CP 88 ATION; DITURES -NaX? - 1160 53 ATIONS DITURES -ESTITAT! Fyer- OBLI- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -91750 60 10305:*:55 JEVLOOTEN? - 517-0713 -PROPOS!D PYDI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 477 293 142 4 59 250 250 250 78 13:-:1ز ... 3 96 172 500 500 --- 500 L no --- --- --- --- --- 96 200 2.500 2.500 200 --- --- -- -- --- --- --- --- 2.500 --- --- 93 1 005 3.000 2.000 --- --- 1.000 --- .L 6 91 15.000 --- --- --- --- --- --- 2.300 --- .: INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION TE 93 01 003's --- --- --- --- --- 3 78 - PRIVATE AND VOL JRGANIZATIONS • OP's 2.000 --- --- 1058 OSS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 44,372 20.372 16.042 3.899 ?:175 2,516 800 10.367 6.250 7.252 7. 458 3.399 3.475 1.567 8 800 8.50 3507 --- 3.950 3.700 2.651 949 --- :CONONIC SUPPORT UND 6,740 2.300 6.601 SECTOR 29 CO PRIVAT! ENTERPRIS! SECTOR J!VELOPMENT 225.000 € 5.000 סככ,135 95.000 40.000 40.000 19.835 19,035 35.000 35.000 ; 87.7 165 --- --- --- 165 --- --- --- 'Roten Cert " PA. 224 -26 HAYA -SANOMA- SNOTA O OLIO EXPON • OXTURES SOSTITIDY. -OA OOLE ATG TOTAL POR ACCOUNT OCOSO 9.000 60.000 .O.000 20.000 CCO-EC OOO.GE GRANTS 95.000 223.165 139.000 99.000 40.000 0.00 20.000 COG-SE 3.ama LOANS COUNTRY TOTAL 147.065 66.301 TOTAL 65.31% 37.500 96.795 0005 63.374 426,674 280.00 134.485 117,670 GRANTS 25.306 55.261 44,016 33.669 OSSOS 34.500 51.226 0.12 29.595 11.240 LOANS 21.S02 3.000 21.116 17.66 6.150 131.36 101.363 225 i7.10 CNT فيمد 17-02:6 3 31-NTIAL CENTOR - 306 205 EVENUE COLLECTION 511-3215 CO 3V:NUS COLLECTION 517-02:7 PRIVAT!!!TION DE STAT: INTERPRISES 511-3237 PRIVATIZATION OF STATE INTERPR:5:5 317-0278 517-907 GRANTS LOANS 17.082 3,082 27,200 12.290 517-3171 517-397 .OCAL COST SUPPORT dellort co von - PAJ 1059 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) 40.000 20.000 40.000 40.000 --- 63,374 33.669 36.500 44,016 55.261 225 BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA ANO CARIOSLAN 517 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC -PROPOSED PYCZ OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED F787- OSLIG- EXPEN" ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -TMROUGM FYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES . L PY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL G 09LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 35.099 35.000 19,835 20.000 40.000 95.000 95.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 225,165 135.000 35.000 35,000 19,935 95.000 95.000 GRANTS 225,165 135.000 LOANS 55.000 34,735 37.500 147,065 66,501 65,513 226,613 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 426,674 280.009 51.226 43,350 117, 470 136,485 17,648 6.150 GRANTS 21,116 3.000 21.502 295.306 179.641 131.368 101,368 11,240 29,395 90.128 LOANS 'Noten to the pred pre widoktort sett FYdation colom - Alb fed practition with initio obligion to Roton Dec 31, 10 31, 1903 Y al feel to be 1061 NEW DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PWNED VROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RDIN MOTOSED OBLIGATION Source fin de Self-Financing Health Services CS 1,300 (G) FY 88 Lite of Project Funding HE 2,500 (G) 5000 CS502G) NE 300 (6) CS 50CG) HE 5.000 (1) Population Number ED. & HR Sol. Act Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion India Obligation Dode of Project 517-0230 PT CAT LOW CONTALANG FY 88 FY 89 FY 91 PURPOSE: To create a self-financing. private sector health health, to play a supportive role to A.I.D.'s principal maintenance organization (HMO) capable of providing basic developeent objectives which center on promotion of new sources health services to low Income workers and their fanilies, of employment through agro-industries, agriculture and/or residents of marginal neighborhoods of the city of diversification, and the promotion of export and investment in Santo Domingo. small- and medium-sized Industries. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: While public health services are the main HOST COUNTRY AND OTHER DONORS: The full operating costs of source of health care for most Doainicans, the public health this project will be borne by the beneficiaries at the end of sector is over-extended and under-capitalized, and is unable to A.I.D.'s contribution. The Institutions to implement the Improve its services at the present time. This project will project will provide the bulk of needed operating capital. de ve lop a private sector response to provide an alternate source of health service that will not increase the recurring BENEFICIARIES: Direct beneficiaries will be the approximately cost burden of the public sector. Health services will be 40,000 persons who will enroll in this health care program. provided to individuals and faalilies who work in small The program will accept subscribers from all economic levels. businesses, and the self-employed. The implementing agency It is expected that about 30% of the members will come from the will be a private health provider or consortium establishing minimum wage category. service centers in target neighborhoods, and providing referral services to secondary and tertiary specialized health care Ma for Outputs: All Years institutions. The faplementing agency will be responsible for all manpower and logistical support to the delivery system. Organizations providing FMO services 2 Once sufficient actuarial data have been collected, and to - Industrial and community groups receiving 35 assure continuity of services after A.I.D. funding ends, the health services project will experiment with several payment mechanisas based - Industrial trained in HMO systems 50 on different forms of payment. - Clinics upgraded to provide services 6 People enrolled in HMO system 40,000 The project will finance: (1) technical assistance to improve the implementing agency's management; (2) a marketing program A.I.D. -Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project to expand the new services; (3) training of implementing agency 3000) staff; (4) provision of health equipment needed to upgrade the Technical Assistance 2,800 facilities of the implementing agency. Training 800 Equipment, supplies, iaprovement of RELATIONSHIP TO A.1.D. COUNTRY STRATEGY: The country health delivery systems 4,400 development strategy calls for the social sectors, including Total 8,000 1060 Principal Contractor or Agorelo Unlilaiden U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Oblation Expenditure Throws September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Your 1987 Erimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuro Obination Popowd Fines. You 1988 1.800 6. 200 Erimotd To 2.000 226 AIO 3707 (11-85) கமல கை TAD, WO Tinition Toni HOSHA GRANT DE LOAN OT Purpose: To let in the faplementation of privatization of the otate-owned enterprises. Project Description: The GODR Ovno majority share of 32 Industrial, agricultural, and commercial anterprises, and Consequently, competition from the private sector has been limited and there has been 11ttle incentive to reduce costs, improve productivity, or increase sales. The project will assist the CODR to implement e policy of privatization of state-owned enterprises and services, and to provide the resources necessary to successfully undertake privatization of the CORDE coa panies through outright sale, leasing, management contracte or joint public/private ventures. Grant technical assistance will be provided to CORDE to analyze opportunities for sale to private Investors, to identify interested investors, and to assist nev management in the initial stages of acquisition. Loan fundo vill provide working capital and investment credito to private borrowers to finance the cost of rehabilitating and operating individual companies. Cication of Beate Enterprises 517-0237 w i nority portion of an additional 19 enterprises through a holding company (CORDE). These enterprises are producing a variety of products, from cigars and cigarettee to cement, leather, and paint. CORDE also owns the national airline. Many CORDE compante continue operacions that are otherwise uneconoaical because of government subsidies and monopoly privilegeo. PY aa 1.000 (0) Toro Turcing 2009 (6) Art Latimetad Find oblation 12.000 (L.) 1.000 (0) Gonimated Compluten Doto of For 2, 300 (L) FY 21 PY 22 Relationship of Protect to A.I.D.Count EX SALSAYA. Thi. project will further reinforce many policy int16Tve. .lready undertaken with the GODR by reducing ite role in the economy. decreasing or el lainating revenue transfers, and olisi nating subaidie.. It will contribute to attaining the goal of A.I.D.'. strategy of establishing the bases for sustained long-term growth by improving the efficiency and competitivenes. of the productive sectors of the economy. Host Country and Other Donors: The host country will contribute about 36 m1111on in local currency to support the Credit resource. that impact on export promotion and project. promotion of investment are likely to be supplemented by the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Beneficiaries: The initial benefit for the country will be the reduction in the amount of governmental subsidies provided to inefficient state enterprises. It will help eliminate unfair competition to private firme by curtai11ng monopoly privileges currently provided to CORDE companies and in the long run should lead to more growth and Jobs in the economy. Ma for Output All Years X D1 vestiture of CORDE companies - Privatization of CORDE companies through 28t. contracto - Dissolution of inefficient and redundant companies A.I.D. Pinanced Inputs: Working capital and investment credit Technical assistance TOTAL Life-of-Project (In 3000) 15,000 (L) 3,000 (G) 18,000 Pro Contruction or anados UL FINANCINO (IRL OUT IN To be determined hou 20. 1986 Gum YA 1997 Edmond Thron September 20 1987 utar Yun ERO 14 700 18.000 227 Toped YO 1989 3,300 AND 370 (11-08) 1061 FY 93 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Title Funding AG, RDAN Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Source in thousands of doller Privatization of State Enterprises FY 88 1,000 (G) Life of Project Funding 2.300 (1 3,000 (G) 15,000 (L) Number NEW Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation 517-0237 Estimated Completion 1,000(G) Date of Project GRANT LOAN CONTINUING 2,300 (L) FY 88 FY 91 Purpose: To assist in the implementation of privatization of Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This the state-owned enterprises. project will further reinforce many policy initiatives already undertaken with the GODR by reducing its role in the economy, Project Description: The GODR owns a majority share of 32 decreasing or eliminating revenue transfers, and eliminating Industrial, agricultural, and commercial enterprises, and a subsidies. It will contribute to attaining the goal of minority portion of an additional 19 enterprises through a A.I.D.'s strategy of establishing the bases for sustained holding company (CORDE). These enterprises are producing a long-term growth by improving the efficiency and variety of products, from cigars and cigarettes to cement, competitiveness of the productive sectors of the economy. leather, and paint. CORDE also owns the national airline. Many CORDE companies continue operations that are otherwise Host Country and Other Donors: The host country will unecononical because of government subsidies and monopoly contribute about $6 million in local currency to support the privileges. Consequently, competition from the private sector project. Credit resources that impact on export promotion and has been limited and there has been little incentive to reduce promotion of investment are 11kely to be supplemented by the costs, improve productivity, or increase sales. World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. The project will assist the GODR to implement a policy of Beneficiaries: The initial benefits for the country will be privatization of state-owned enterprises and services, and to the reduction in the amount of governmental subsidies provided provide the resources necessary to successfully undertake to inefficient state enterprises. It will help eliminate privatization of the CORDE companies through outright sale, unfair competition to private firms by curtailing monopoly leasing, management contracts or joint public/private privileges currently provided to CORDE companies and in the ventures. Grant technical assistance will be provided to long run should lead to more growth and jobs in the economy. CORDE to analyze opportunities for sale to private investors, to identify interested investors, and to assist new management Major Outputs: All Years in the initial stages of acquisition. - Di vestiture of CORDE companies X Loan funds will provide working capital and investment credits - Privatization of CORDE companies through to private borrowers to finance the costs of rehabilitating mgt. contracts х and operating individual companies. - Dissolution of inefficient and redundant companies X A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project (In $000) Working capital and investment credit 15,000 (L) Technical assistance 3,000 (6) TOTAL 18,000 Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Unilguidated To be determined Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort 18.000 WAST La F Year Dominican Republic U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Proponed Fiscal Yeer 1988 3,300 14,700 AD 3707 (11-06) 227 1062 Dominican Republic 29MA PLANINED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Vide Funding AG, RD & N Health MOTOSED OBLIGATION Souro the show Industrial Production Technology FY 88 Lite of Project Funding 2.000 6.000 Number 517-0238 Population ED. & HR Sol. Act Inidd Odigudion Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Dow of Project GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING 2,000 FY 88 FY 91 FY 93 Purpose: To Increase access to new technological information and Host Country and Other Donors: Dominican research institutions processes by improving the availability and delivery of those and/or universities will contribute approximately $2.5 aillion in services. local currency equivalent to this project. The activity will complement the programs of UNIDO (U.N. Industrial Development Project Description: Sustained industrial growth in the Dominican Organization) and the German development agency as well as credit Republic will increasingly depend upon the demand for Dominican components of Inter-American Development Bank projects such as the products in foreign markete. Key to increased production output proposed $80 million Agroindustrial Project. and continued economic development is the improvement of in-country technological capabilities. Thus far, the Dominican Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries will be the private Republic has utilized mainly imported technology. sector firms which will be able to operate more efficiently and to produce higher quality products. It is expected that about 1,000 The project will assist local manufacturers in obtaining the Dominican businesses wil1 be assisted during the, 11 fe of the technological information and expedite the process of shifting project. Other beneficiaries will include the business from an import substitution code to an international exporting. associations and institutions through which this project is The project will help the Dominican industrial sector to obtain laplemented. The general population stands to benefit from Information on new industrial processes, upgrade technologies, and increased employment obtained from a growing and more competitive improve industrial design, standards, and quality control industrial base over time. testing. Specifically, project funds will be used to: (a) establish linkages with U.S. institutions and research Institutes Ma for Outputs: All Years through local private sector business associations; (b) provide technical assistance to develop an in-country system of Companies with improved access to technology 750 - 1000 technological and informational services for the banufacturing - Individuals trained in Management Information sector; (c) provide a capability for limited applied research to and Technology Transfer Systeas 30 - 50 test and laplement quality control techniques; and (d) train Center for Technical Assistance to Industries personnel in the local institutions in order to upgrade their established 1 capabilities to advise local businesses. A.I.D. Fidanced Inputs: Life-of-Protect Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This project (In 3000) will support the objective of expanding private investment in the - Technical assistance 15,000 Industrial and agriculture sectors, and developing a broader base Training 200 of non-traditional exports by working directly with industries and Comodities and laboratory equipment 800 private associations in order to upgrade the technologies TOTAL 6,000 available to local firms and improve access to information concerning new industrial processes. TE U. & FINANCING (In thousands of doller) Oblication Expedhur Principal Contracton or nelos 2,000 For YOSION 20,000 10 Code 6.000 228 >20 FYZA ST CORCLASALO Hvo. Rolan.DPD CANDY HEROLONY. complement see tot development CETODAY objectives by developing wall calentarpeene. Ranecat lag eployment. Promoting Orport and Industrial produettoa. engaging in private sector health cara. | Host Country and Other Donore! In many ce.. A.1.D. fundo roprosent less than half of the total OPG project cont. and never more than 75% of the resources devoted to the project. The remainder 1. covered by the PVO. themselves and instance, by grant from the Government of the Dominican Republic (CODR). A number of Peace Corps Volunteers also work with Dominican PVO.. Beneficiaries: beneficiaries of the OPG project. are the rural and urban poor through employment. Increased Income, and participation in national economic development activities. Since 1978, A.I.D. ha. registered 21 Dominican PVOs since 1978, many of which are receiving and providing direct support in conjunction with our programs. Since 1983. PVOs have received over $4 aillion in local currency generated from ESP and PL-480 Title I prograss. Another allocation of $1.3 million in local currency is planned for the IY 1987 program. A.1.D. provides operational program granto (OPGS) to organizations which can undertake lov-cost developmental activities that have high Impact. This approach has been Successful in activities involving fresh water fish culture, vocational training for women, and rural credit. Among the current programs are the very successful Microbusiness Development project, the Applied Nutrition Education Program, and the CARE Rural Water project. A.I.D. 1a proposing two new The other proposed activity is Nutrition Education program. to assist a private foundation in the promotion of artisanal handicrafts for export, by assisting small firms with product des189, quality control, and marketing to U.S. outlets. 1063 All Year Ma Jor Outputs: - Child survival activitie. including - ORT - Nutrition Rducation - Artisanal promotion and product exports A.1.D. Financed Inputo Life-of-Project (1000) Selected Development Activities - TOTAL SSO 550 We Commons U O FINANCING (in To be detenined 1987 ver You Continuing Continuing 550 229 G NEW Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 timated Through September 20, 1987 Propond Fiscal You 1988 AID 3707 (11-06) 91-9999 ICO.UN SMART_O Low Ooor PUSPOSO! To trong then the capacity and mobilize the organization. (PVO) in expert 10 of u.s. and Dominican private and voluntary developeent progreso. Project Description: The private sector of the Dominican Republic has traditionally supported private voluntary organizations that are involved in social and economie development activities. As a result, there are several PVO, that can complement government activities with their own resources. One is a Child Survival OPG which activities for TY 1988. diarrheal disease control through will provide funds for: oral rehydration therapy (ORT); Infectious respiratory allments; and for activities that replicate the applied bor. 1986 Fiscal Y 1987 Throwptomber 23 Wropowded Y 1988 AD 3707 (113) 1063 FY 88 ORA Dominican Republic PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Private Voluntary Organization Source tin honderd 550 Life of Project Funding Continuing NEW 517-9999 ED. & HR Sel. Act Initid Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project ORANT LOAN 57 CONTINUING 550 FY 78 FY Continuing FY Continuing Purpose: To strengthen the capacity and mobilize the Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy PVOS expertise of U.S. and Dominican private and voluntary complement A.1.D.'s private sector development strategy organizations (PVOs) in development programs. objectives by developing small scale enterprises, generating employment, promoting exports and Industrial production, and Project Description: The private sector of the Dominican engaging in private sector health care. Republic has traditionally supported private voluntary organizations that are involved in social and economic Host Country and Other Donors: In many cases, A.I.D. funds development activities. As a result, there are several PVOS represent less than half of the total OPG project costs and that can complement government activities with their own never more than 75% of the resources devoted to the project. resources. Since 1978, A.I.D. has registered 21 Dominican The remainder is covered by the PVOs themselves and, in some PVOs since 1978, many of which are receiving and providing instances, by grants from the Government of the Dominican direct support in conjunction with our programs. Since 1983, Republic (GODR). A number of Peace Corps Volunteers also work PVOs have received over $4 million in local currency generated with Dominican PVOs. from ESF and PL-480 Title I programs. Another allocation of $1.3 billion in local currency is planned for the FY 1987 Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries of the OPG projects are the program. A.I.D. provides operational program grants (OPGs) to rural and urban poor through employment, increased incomes, organizations which can undertake low-cost developmental and participation in national economic development activities. activities that have high impact. This approach has been successful in activities involving fresh water fish culture, Major Outputs: All Years vocational training for women, and rural credit. Among the current programs are the very successful Microbusiness - Child survival activities including Development project, the Applied Nutrition Education Program, - ORT X and the CARE Rural Water project. A.I.D. is proposing two new - Nutrition Education х activities for FY 1988. One is a Child Survival OPG which - Artisanal promotion and product exports X will provide funds for: diarrheal disease control through oral rehydration therapy (ORT); Infectious respiratory A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life-of-Project ($000) ailments; and for activities that replicate the Applied Nutrition Education program. The other proposed activity is - Selected Development Activities 550 to assist a private foundation in the promotion of artisanal - TOTAL 550 handicrafts for export, by assisting small firms with product design, quality control, and marketing to U.S. outlets. Principal Contractors or Agencies To be determined U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Your Obligations Estimated Total Cost Propoud Fiscal You 1988 550 Continuing Continuing 229 NO 3707 (11) 1065 Haiti 1064 231 JO TOTAL (OUSANOS. 10 POR CAPITA CP (DOLLARS. 1904 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GROWTH RATE.. ..O ILLIONS. FOR OO 20 ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1073-..) AS OF TOTAL EXPORTS 7.0% todas 200 Toon MAJOR TOTXA IMPORTS(1004) CONSU NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF OURABLE.O0OTUTS POPULATION, .( .IN IMPORTS FROM U.S. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS AS X OF (6 MILLIONS. US. CIV) (1903 402 S100. (1980) TOTAL IMPORTS (1991) TOTAL 54.7 MALE 84.0 FEMALE 06.3 om DOS (1970) TOTAL 40.0 MALE 47.6 FEMALE 48.3 TRADE BALANCE (MILLIONS, 0.s.)( 1032 ) -122(05) - 3184 - 120 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1971) TOTAL 21% MALE 26% FEMALE 17% TRADINO PARTNERS: UNITED STATES .FRANCE JAPAN EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT ASX OP GONO ( 1004) 27.SK • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION GROWTH RATE (6 MILLIONS. V.S.).... (1004 ( 1976-1985) -0.9% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINOS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) ( 1004 4.0 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS X OF GOP • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY/SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 376 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.1% (1978) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. . 1970) 20% (1980) 201 ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... .(1970) MAJOR CROP(S) 55% (1905) SUBSISTENCE : CORN SORGHUM RICE (1965) MARRIED WOMEN AQED 15-44 YRS. USING CONI HACEPTION. (1977) 10.02 CASH: COFFEE ,SISAL , MANGOES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : . SISAL . MANGOES MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE (0-14YRS) 38.3% (19-6 YRS) 5.9% (68 YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WEAT . SOYBEANS .RICE INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1900) 57% ( 1980) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1979) .,202 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF DISEASE (1970) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, AMOEBIASIS .TYPHOID 1 FEVERS TOTAL REVENUES AND QRANTS (6 MILLIONS, U.S.) DEATH.. (1980) INTESTINAL INEC. TUBERCULOSIS 223 105 (82) .CONO, PERINATAL 165 (NO) (1979) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (6 MILLIONS. U.S.) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. 337 284 (64) (1977) o 270 (83) (1982) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS, U.S.) -47 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1960) 12% -66 (82) (1979) -45 (10) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. x ( ) * TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AQE GROUP : ) X % PRIMARY. (1981) TOTAL 77.8 MALE 14.2 TERALE SECONDARY (1981) TOTAL X ONP 14.3 WALE POST SECONDARY FEMALE 13.4 (1070) TOTAL OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. 0.7 MALE 1.0 FEMALE 0.4 69 (OS) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X o coNsPTION. (MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) .. EQUIVALENT TO 0.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 232 30X AS OF MOTAL EXPENDITURES.: 1 : 1065 FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (521) HAITI BASIC DATA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 6,070 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) MANGOES . COFFEE .LT. INDUST. PRO PER CAPITA ONP .......... (DOLLARS, 1984) 320 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-84) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-54) 7.9% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LON 20% OF POPULATION..( .) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) 320 (1984) 360 (1986) 360 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1881) 200% (1992) 197% (1963) 105% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )CONSU. DURABLES, FOODSTUFFS . INOUSTRIAL EQ. IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. CIF) (1983) 402 (1984) 461 (1905) 435 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1981) 139% i 1962) 142% ( 1903) 146% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) - 122(03) - 139(14) - 129 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , FRANCE , JAPAN EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % of ANP (1984) 27.3% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTHIN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 54.7 MALE 54.0 FEMALE 55.3 (1970) TOTAL 40.0 MALE 47.6 FEMALE 48.3 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1971) TOTAL 21% MALE 26% FEMALE 17% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.)... AS % OF EXPORT EARNINOS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). -0.9% (1984) (1984) 17 4.03 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP. .) • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 376 POPULATION GROWTH RATE... ( 1970) 2.1% (1970) 1.7% (1906) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. 1 1970) 20% (1006) 20% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 (1906) SUBSISTENCE : CORN , SORGHUM ,RICE 55% (1985) CASH: COFFEE .SI SAL . MANGOES 30% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AQED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1977) 19.0% 1 MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE .SISAL , MANGOES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 39.5% (15-64YRS) 5.5% (68+ YRS) 4.1% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , SOYBEANS .RICE INF ANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1906) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 57% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1979) 9,202 *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, MOEBIASIS TYPHOID & FEVERS (1979) 165 (AO) 185 (82) 223 DEATH.. (1980) INTESTINAL INFEC, TUBERCULOSIS COND. PERINTAL TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 270 (83) 284 (84) 337 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) oss DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1979) -45 (80) -66 (82) -47 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1990) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. ( % . *( .) . % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP. XC * PRIMARY ......... (1981) TOTAL 77.8 MALE 84.2 FEMALE 71.5 SECONDARY (1901) TOTAL 14.3 MALE 18.6 FEMALE 13.4 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1979) TOTAL 0.7 MALE 1.0 FEMALE 0.4 ($MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 15 (84) 19 (85) 6 EQUIVALENT TO 0.3 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % of CONSUMPTION. .(1964) 0.033 232 (: } 1067 1066 HAITI HAITI Introduction Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 24,572 37,000 0 0 24,572 37,000 FY 1988 (Request) 32,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 32,000 21,321 29,165 2 30,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world, with annual per capita income at $320. Approximately 80% of Haitians have average incomes of under $150 per year. Unemployment ranges up to 49% of the labor force, mal. nutrition is widespread, and Infant mortality is high. Several fundamental development problems constrain growth: limited natural resources with severe soil erosion in formerly forested areas; very high population density; 80% illiteracy; weak public sector institutions; a weak industrial base; and lisited and deteriorating physical infrastructure. In late 1985, demonstrations began which culminated in President Jean-Claude Duvalier's Flight into exile in February 1986. After nearly three decades of dictatorship, new opportunities now exist for freedom and progress for the impoverished Haitian people. 21,321 166 1 29,165 0 % 30,000 0 TOTALS 46,059 66,165 62,000 P.L. 480 28,363 32,003 25,801 Title 1 15,000 4! 18,000 4/ 18,000 / Title 11 13,363 14,003 7,801 TOTALS · 74,422 98,168 31 87,801 Footnotes: 1/ International Disaster Assistance Z! The above total for ESF Includes $710,000 in local cost support. 3 Total increased to $104,968,000 with $7,800,000 of Title II ocean freight. 47 Includes Title III level of $15 million in each Pascal year, 1986, 1987, 1988. The National Governing Council (CNG), which assumed power after the fall of Duvaller's regime, appears sincere in its commitment to the Haitian people to install a democratic government. Since assuming power, the CNG has undertaken a number of measures designed to assure a smooth transition to democracy. The CNG has made equally forceful moves to rectify many of the economic and fiscal practices of the fallen regime which favored a ruling elite to the detriment of the poor majority. Under the leadership of a dynamic new Minister of Finance, the new government has taken several initiatives to liberalize the economy and promote private sector Investment. For example, the highly regressive export tax on coffee has been reduced, a measure that had been urged for years by the donor Community. The Government of Haiti (GOH) has stated its intention to abolish the remainder of the tax by October 1987. The archaic system of quotas on imported commodities is being eliminated and a rational system of tariffs erected in its place. A new income tax law, recently introduced, eliminates high marginal personal tax rates in favor of new broader-based lower marginal rates. The GOH has placed a renewed emphasis on tax adminis- tration and the level of reported receipts has already begun to rise. Furthermore, the Ministry of Finance, with A.I.D. assistance, has begun a series of audits of parastatal enterprises, designed to improve financial management and to eliminate many of the corrupt practices which previously prevailed. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE! FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category (Actual) (Estimated). (Request) U.S. National 24,50 26.30 26.50 Foreign National 36 36 36 TOTALS 61.50 62.50 62.50 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment Include HIC, excew property, and TG personnel Excludes TDP. Ono workyear = 2,087 hours. FY 1988 The new government is also concerned about the economic implications of inefficient parastatal agencies, and is taking decisive actions to eliminate their monopolies. Recently, the Ministry of Finance eliminated all subsidies to the cooking oil monopoly and to an extremely expensive sugar mill. These and similar actions are encouraging for the economic outlook over the short and medium term. It is expected, however, that the need for foreign donor assistance, which has accounted for approximately 65% of the GOH's Investment budget over the past decade, will increase and become even nore critical for achieving economic stability and development. 69 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 Category (Actual) (Estimated) (Request) A5 T Total A T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 4 37 41 38 185 223 50 149 199 Regional 20 49 18 72 90 107 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 4 4 12 12 13 Regional 2. 2 15 15 20 20 24 TOTALS 92 116 56 284 340 67 272 /n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree reeking during the FÝ & carry ouers still in training from the dParticipants funded under bilateral programe b Academic: degree weeking Participante funded under regional programa leg, CLASE, AMDP). AID 3702 840) ND 339 prior FY, 234 펑 ​233 1067 HAITI Introduction Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world, with annual per capita Income at $320. Approximately 80% of Haitians have average incomes of under $150 per year. Unemployment ranges up to 49% of the labor force, mal- nutrition is widespread, and infant mortality is high. Several fundamental development problems constrain growth: limited natural resources with severe soil erosion in formerly forested areas; very high population density; 80% illiteracy; weak public sector institutions; a weak industrial base; and limited and deteriorating physical infrastructure. In late 1985, demonstrations began which culminated in President Jean-Claude Duvalier's flight into exile in February 1986. After nearly three decades of dictatorship, new opportunities now exist for freedom and progress for the impoverished Haitian people. The National Governing Council (CNG), which assumed power after the fall of Duvaller's regime, appears sincere in its commitment to the Haitian people to install a democratic government. Since assuming power, the CNG has undertaken a number of measures designed to assure a smooth transition to democracy. The CNG has made equally forceful moves to rectify many of the economic and fiscal practices of the fallen regime which favored a ruling ellte to the detriment of the poor majority. Under the leadership of a dynamic new Minister of Finance, the new government has taken several initiatives to liberalize the economy and promote private sector Investment. For example, the highly regressive export tax on coffee has been reduced, a measure that had been urged for years by the donor community. The Government of Haiti (GOH) has stated its intention to abolish the remainder of the tax by October 1987. The archaic system of quotas on imported commodities is being eliminated and a rational system of tariffs erected in its place. A new income tax law, recently introduced, eliminates high marginal personal tax rates in favor of new broader-based lower marginal rates. The GOH has placed a renewed emphasis on tax adminis- tration and the level of reported receipts has already begun to rise. Furthermore, the Ministry of Finance, with A.I.D. assistance, has begun a series of audits of parastatal enterprises, designed to improve financial management and to eliminate many of the corrupt practices which previously prevailed. The new government is also concerned about the economic implications of inefficient parastatal agencies, and is taking decisive actions to eliminate their monopoltes. Recently, the Ministry of Finance eliminated all subsidies to the cooking oil monopoly and to an extremely expensive sugar mill. These and similar actions are encouraging for the economic outlook over the short and medium term. It is expected, however, that the need for foreign donor assistance, which has accounted for approximately 65% of the GOH'S Investment budget over the past decade, will increase and become even more critical for achieving economic stability and development. 234 1068 1069 5. isproving the basic health and nutritional status of the rural and urban population (especially children), and increasing access to family planning methods. Economic Recovery Program. ESF balance-of-payments assistance in FY 1986 and FY 1987 is linked to GOH adoption and continued implementation of trade liberalization, tax reforn, and the financial management and accountability reforms cited above. This policy reform package helped to stabilize the economy in 1986. Continuation of this program, together with assistance proposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank loans, should pave the way for a resumption of economic growth in 1987. Growth is essential to sustain progress made by the CNG and to support the establishment of a democratic government. The GOH has established monetary and fiscal targets for 1987 which are compatible with the country's economic recovery and renewed economic growth in 1987. A friendly government and populace in Haiti are important to U.S. Interests in the Caribbean region, due to Haiti's strategic location vis-a-vis Cuba and the Panama Canal and its proximity to the United States. High levels of unemployment, particularly the lack of economic oppportunity in rural areas, have created strong migration pressure, manifested often in illegal immigration to this country. The United States maintains a favorable balance of trade with Haiti. U.S. private investments have played a predominant role in the growth of the light manufacturing sector, which increased its net exports from $13 million in 1970 to $106 million in 1984. Social and economic improvements achieved through U.S. development assistance have helped attract and maintain U.S. business investments which, in turn, generate increased employment. The United States also has humanitarian and social interests in Haiti. Poverty and illiteracy among 80% of the population, and malnutrition and disease that produce the lowest life expectancy of any nation in this hemisphere, argue strongly for substantial U.S. foreign assistance. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date The period of civil disorder preceeding the overthrow of the Duvalier regime included labor disputes, airport closures, and intermittent looting of businesses and residences, and created a severe balance-of-payments crisis in FY 1986. After the fall of the Duvalier government, A.I.D. requested supplemental assistance in the forms of an Economic Support Fund (ESF) grant to allow purchase of essential imports and an emergency monetized Title II program to assure continued supplies of wheat flour. Local currency associated with both programs is being used to create jobs, improve urban and rural infrastructure, and promote literacy. A.1.D. is encouraging a more collaborative relationship in all areas between the private sector including businesses, private and voluntary organ- izations, cooperatives, and community groups, and the government. This strategy recognizes the current limitations of the Haitian public sector and the demonstrated ability of the private sector to effectively function in the countryside and improve the economic and social conditions there. To assist Haiti in addressing its problems, A.I.D. focuses on five central objectives: 1. undertaking economic adjustment measures to solve internal and external financial imbalances, and improving budgeting and control of public funds; 2. increasing food production for domestic consumption, shifting marginal lands to tree crops, accelerating reforestation, and establishing viable extension, credit and soil conservation practices in selected watersheds; 3. providing sound foundations for sustained growth in the private sector (which will increase employment) and promoting the development of capital markets and other support institutions; 4. strengthening the human resource base by expanding improved basic education opportunities, primarily through non-governmental organizations (NGOs); and Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D. places high priority on activities to modify agricultural production practices on Haiti's fragile fands to increase production and income, and improve the environment. In FY 1986 the activities of several major ongoing projects focused on targeted watershed areas. The Agro-Forestry Outreach project (521-0122), a successful seedling distribution and forestry extension program, has helped farmers plant over 20 million trees through the end of FY 1986. The project has been extended through 1989 to reach 150,000 more farm families and plant 22.5 million additional trees. Two other private sector projects aimed at fruit tree production financed the training of tree propagation technicians, who produced 105,000 grafted fruit trees and began distributing them in hillside areas. In the southern and southwestern regions, the Agricultural Development Support II project (521-0092) is introducing improved varieties of food plants and continuing on-farm testing of perennial species, to enable farmers to conserve soil and increase productivity. Project data banks on agricultural production surveys and natural resources are providing information for improved planning at the national, regional and project levels. A major new five-year project, Targeted watershed Management I (521-0191), was initiated in FY 1986 to extend soil-conserving and fertility- augmenting land management practices in a major southern watershed. The project will apply lessons learned from these field efforts to national level land management planning. The Local Resources Development I and II projects (521-0156 and 527-0192) continue to address the problem of hillside agriculture on the central plateau and in the west. Under cooperative agreements with Save the Children Federation and Partnership for Productivity International, these two projects will improve the environment through reforestation, introduction of new plant species and structures which improve the soil and increase water retention capacity, and ultimately increase farm income by increasing agricultural production. Under the Interim Swine Repopulation project (521-0170) over 440 multiplication centers are breeding more than 5,000 Sows. About 25,000 piglets were produced in FY 1986 and distributed to small farmers. This project will be extended until the end of FY 1988 to accelerate pig production, and assure the provision of feed, health, and swine management practices at the peasant farm level. 235 236 1069 5. improving the basic health and nutritional status of the rural and urban population (especially children), and increasing access to family planning methods. Economic Recovery Program. ESF balance-of-payments assistance in FY 1986 and FY 1987 is linked to GOH adoption and continued implementation of trade liberalization, tax reform, and the financial management and accountability reforms cited above. This policy reform package helped to stabilize the economy in 1986. Continuation of this program, together with assistance proposed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank loans, should pave the way for a resumption of economic growth in 1987. Growth is essential to sustain progress made by the CNG and to support the establishment of a democratic government. The GOH has established monetary and fiscal targets for 1987 which are compatible with the country's economic recovery and renewed economic growth in 1987. 臺 ​Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D. places high priority on activities to modify agricultural production practices on Haiti's fragile lands to increase production and income, and improve the environment. In FY 1986 the activities of several major ongoing projects focused on targeted watershed areas. The Agro-Forestry Outreach project (521-0122), a successful seedling distribution and forestry extension program, has helped farmers plant over 20 million trees through the end of FY 1986. The project has been extended through 1989 to reach 150,000 more farm families and plant 22.5 million additional trees. Two other private sector projects aimed at fruit tree production financed the training of tree propagation technicians, who produced 105,000 grafted fruit trees and began distributing them in hillside areas. In the southern and southwestern regions, the Agricultural Development Support II project (521-0092) is introducing improved varieties of food plants and continuing on-farm testing of perennial species, to enable farmers to conserve soil and increase productivity. Project data banks on agricultural production surveys and natural resources are providing information for improved planning at the national, regional and project levels. A major new five-year project, Targeted Watershed Management I (521-0191), was initiated in FY 1986 to extend soil-conserving and fertility- augmenting land management practices in a major southern watershed. The project will apply lessons learned from these field efforts to national level land management planning. The Local Resources Development I and II projects (521-0156 and 521-0192) continue to address the problem of hillside agriculture on the central plateau and in the west. Under cooperative agreements with Save the Children Federation and Partnership for Productivity International, these two projects will improve the environment through reforestation, introduction of new plant species and structures which improve the soil and increase water retention capacity, and ultimately increase farm income by increasing agricultural production. Under the Interim Swine Repopulation project (521-0170) over 440 multiplication centers are breeding more than 5,000 Sows. About 25,000 piglets were produced in FY 1986 and distributed to small farmers. This project will be extended until the end of FY 1988 to accelerate pig production, and assure the provision of feed, health, and swine management practices at the peasant farm level. 236 1070 1071 creating and providing technical assistance to the Private sector Task force, composed of the five major private sector associations, to address a number of emergency constraints to business confidence resulting from the change in government; assist the Agricultural Producers Association with the production and export of vegetables; and complete the first two agribusiness joint-venture projects under an investment brokering program, establishing the Haitian Industrial Development Center project (521-C186) to improve export and investment promotion services to a wide range of businesses; providing management training and management consulting services to the business Community through the Management and Productivity Center (522-0185); - providing additional ESF assistance to expand the successful operations of the Development Finance Corporation project (521-0154); and initiating mortgage lending activities for housing construction tror Ough the Haitian Mortgage Bank project (521-0163). Health. Child Survival, and Population Planning. Projects help to improve the basic health status of the population and reduce pressure on scarce land. In FY 1986, A.1.0 extended the Rural Health Delivery Systems project (527-0091) for two additional years to continue support to national oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and an expanded program for immunization activities. The GOH malaria control program, which is supported by A.1.0. under the Management of Malaria project (521-0142), was restructured in FY 1986 for more efficient delivery of health care services. The CNG is utilizing the existing network of rural malaria workers to distribute family planning commodities and oral rehydration salts, as well as antimalarials. The first Private Sector Family planning project (521-0189) began in FY 1986. The project will provide institutional support to more than 60 rural Haitian private and voluntary organizations (Pvosi to expand and increase the effectiveness of family planning service delivery programs. The ORT program slowed due in large part to the political turmoil experienced in 1986 and greater emphasis by the government on the immunization program. As a result, A.I.D will place greater efforts on ORT in both its private and public sector health interventions. Two in-depth private and public sector health evaluations were conducted in FY 1986. The private sector evaluation has been completed, and indicates that significant reductions in infant mortality are achievable by using and refining the existing A.L.D. supported urban and rural preventive health outreach models. The public sector evaluation, although incomplete, shows strong preliminary indications that A.L.D's emphasis on decentralization and rural health outreach has had a positive impact. These evaluations represented A.1.0.'s first attempts in Haiti to cluster projects for evaluation purposes, and will be the basis for development of a health sector strategy employing an efficient combination of public and private sector institutional capabilities. Education and Human Resources Development. A comprehensive education sector assessment completed in FY 1985 concluded that resources spent for basic education would have very high rates of return. Further, basic education should impact on a number of objectives such as improving health and nutrition, creating jobs, and improving the efficiency and quality of education. Consequently, in late FY 1986 A.I.D. began the Incentives to improve Primary Education project (521-0190). This activity focuses on the major constraints facing primary education: high drop-out and repetition rates; inadequate school facilities; undernourished students; lack of learning materials; under-training of teachers; and the high cost of education to parents. Other activities include the local-currency funded literacy campaign, and the Presidential Training Initiatives for the Island Caribbean (PTIIC). Selected Development Activities. Projects under this account, augmented by other A.LD. resources, contribute to the objective of increased employment through private sector-led growth. To generate employment and foreign exchange, the A.1.D. private sector program concentrates on the development of activities in three sub-sectors: intermediate credit institutions, non-traditional exports, and investment and export promotion. Major activities in FY 1986 included: The above activities will continue in FY 1987. Also, technical assistance to the Agricultural Producers Association will expand crop production and pang loymert. Investment brokering activities will continue to be used to imate additional agribusiness joint-venture projects. A new project Bezirning in FY 1987, Training for Development (521-0203), will provide taring for more than 100 Haitian technicians, administrators, medical garsonnel and business professionals in the United States over the next five és ?... 480. in FY 1986, the government made satisfactory progress in policy CBS called for in the $15 million P... 480 Title ill agreement. Local Currency associated with the sale of commodities is used to fund mutually agreso-upon developmental activities in agriculture, health, public work's and education. Progress in certain activities was slower than anticipated, do qely due to the civil disorders during the second and much of the third m; of FY 1986. However, in recent months implementation has ce e ated. About $7.7 million in Title Il commodities were channeled ***Cugh four private and voluntary agencies to meet both development and humanitarian needs. More than 100.000 people from Haiti's lower-income mata benefited from school feeding, maternal and child health and f000-691-work activities in the first quarter of the fiscal year. During RCM of the next two quarters, civil disorders related to the change in government caused a suspension of food distribution for varying lengths of Site as food delivery trucks and warehouses were attacked and damaged. By the end of the third quarter of the fiscal year, however, food distribution med resumed reaching up to 50% of the targeted recipients. In fy 1987, the NU's involved began implementing their programs under newly developed, three to four-year operational plans to increase the development impact of 'itle il programs, integrating them more fully with A.1.D. objectives, Baking the bore compatible with GOH development priorities, and improving management. In FY 1987, voluntary agencies will distribute approximately 56.3 Billion of Title Il commodities, representing about the same commodity levels as in fr 1986 238 237 1071 - creating and providing technical assistance to the Private Sector Task Force, composed of the five major private sector associations, to address a number of emergency constraints to business confidence resulting from the change in government; assist the Agricultural Producers Association with the production and export of vegetables; and complete the first two agribusiness joint-venture projects under an investment brokering program; - establishing the Haitian Industrial Development Center project (521-0186) to improve export and investment promotion services to a wide range of businesses; - providing management training and management consulting services to the business community through the Management and Productivity Center (521-0185); - providing additional ESF assistance to expand the successful operations of the Development Finance Corporation project (521-0154); and - initiating mortgage lending activities for housing construction tin ough the Haitian Mortgage Bank project (521-0163). The above activities will continue in FY 1987. Also, technical assistance to the Agricultural Producers Association will expand crop production and employment. Investment brokering activities will continue to be used to consummate additional agribusiness joint-venture projects. A new project beginning in FY 1987, Training for Development (521-0203), will provide training for more than 100 Haitian technicians, administrators, medical personnel and business professionals in the United States over the next five years P.L. 480. In FY 1986, the government made satisfactory progress in policy reforms called for in the $15 million P.L. 480 Title Ill agreement. Local currency associated with the sale of commodities is used to fund mutually agreed-upon developmental activities in agriculture, health, public works and education. Progress in certain activities was slower than anticipated, largely due to the civil disorders during the second and much of the third quarta's of FY 1986. However, in recent months implementation has accelerated. About $7.1 million in Title II commodities were channeled through four private and voluntary agencies to meet both development and humanitarian needs. More than 700,000 people from Haiti's lower-income strata benefited from school feeding, maternal and child health and food-for-work activities in the first quarter of the fiscal year. During much of the next two quarters, civil disorders related to the change in government caused a suspension of food distribution for varying lengths of time as food delivery trucks and warehouses were attacked and damaged. By the end of the third quarter of the fiscal year, however, food distribution had resumed reaching up to 50% of the targeted recipients. In FY 1987, the PVO's involved began implementing their programs under newly developed, three to four-year operational plans to increase the development impact of Title Il programs, integrating them more fully with A.LD. objectives, making them more compatible with GOH development priorities, and improving management. In FY 1987, voluntary agencies will distribute approximately $6.9 million of Title II commodities, representing about the same commodity levels as in FY 1986 238 1072 1073 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Haiti in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: povernment with its foreign exchange gap (Congressional Notification dated 6/26/86), and $450,000 to provide technical assistance to the new government (Technical Notification dated 3/10/86). funds and Prograns provided through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-governmental A. Training: In FY 1986, A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 112 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (22); labor development (19); public administration (16); public health/demography (15); democratic institutions (9); education (8); engineering/energy (6); electronics/computer science (4); economic development/planning (4); and other fields (9). Government of Haiti DA $18.433 million ( 752) ESE $ 3.085 million ( 142) PL 480 Title I/III $ -- PL 480 Title II $13.363 million (100%) $ 6.139 million ( 25%) $18.236 million ( 864) $15.000 million (100%) B. The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Haiti are as follows: TOTAL $34.881 million (471) $39.375 million (532) Types of Goods Value U.S. Petroleum Products $18.0 million TOTAL $18.0 million C. Local currency associated with A.1.D. assistance to Haiti was allocated by A.T.D. and the GoH for the following uses in FY 1986. (There was a total of $21 million in local currency available at the beginning of FY 1986, and an equivalent of $27.2 million was added during FY 1986.) Agriculture $10.1 million Infrastructure $ 5.9 million Employment $ 5.3 million Health Services $ 4.0 million Support for the PL 480 Program and Disaster Relief $ 3.0 million Education/Literacy $ 1.2 million Planning/Management $ 0.6 million A 1.D. proposes $30 million in ESF, $32 million in development assistance, and $25.8 million in P.L. 480 for Haiti in FY 1988. Within ESF, an editional $25 million 15 requested to continue balance-of-payments support under the Economic Recovery Assistance project (521-0200). Also, $1.75 Hillion is required to continue the Technical Consultancies and Training voject (521-0167); a final $1.65 million is required to complete funding of the Haltian Mortgage Bank project (521-0263); and a final $600,000 is requested to complete the Development Finance Corporation project 1921-0154). Some $1 million is required for the new Non-Governmental Organization Support to Hillside Agriculture project (521-0197), this project will help NGOs to implement a number of project activities supportive of A.I.D's development strategy, particularly in the areas of soil conservation, watershed management and rural employment generation. TOTAL $30.1 million Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A total of $14 million is requested to support several ongoing programs and to undertake one new Initiative, the Local Organization Development project (521-0199), which is suportive of A.I.D's strategy to transform the destructive annual crop production patterns currently employed by peasants into sustainable-yield, s011 conserving farming systems. Incremental funding is required for: Agricultural Development Support II (521-0092), Agroforestry Outreach (521-0122), Secondary Roads Development (521-0149), Community Water Systems Development (521-0155), and the Targeted Watershed Management i project (521-0191). 0. Reprogramming of funds for Haiti during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD SDA ESF (5000) Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 25,127 8,226 3,138 4,142 2,400 2,250 2,100 2,871 Actual FY 1986 Obligat alth, Child Survival, and Population Planning. Some $8.15 million is requested to support ongoing projects and to initiate one new activity. incremental funding is required for Private Sector Family Planning 521-0189) and Management of Malaria (521-0143) projects. The new Targeted Comunity Health Outreach project (521-0172) will address continuing constraints to health service delivery, building on accomplishments and lessons learned from other health projects and two major health evaluations Conducted in FY 1986. The new project will focus on strengthening the capacity of public and private sector health institutions to jointly plan, implement and evaluate services on a decentralized basis. 45,893* 10,226 3,454 4,1 2,400 2,250 2,100 21,321" *ESF assistance was increased by $18.450,000 in FY 86 after the fall of the Duvalier government. This includes $18,000,000 to assist the interim 239 240 1073 government with its foreign exchange gap (Congressional Notification dated 6/26/86), and $450,000 to provide technical assistance to the new government (Technical Notification dated 3/10/86). E. Funds and Programs provided through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: 19 Non-governmental Government of Haiti DA ESF PL 480 Title I/III PL 480 Title II $18.433 million ( 75%) $ 3.085 million ( 14%) $ -0- $13.363 million (100%) $ 6.139 million ( 25%) $18.236 million ( 86%) $15.000 million (100%) $_-O- TOTAL $34.881 million (47%) $39.375 million (53%) FY 1988 A.I.D. proposes $30 million in ESF, $32 million in development assistance, and $25.8 million in P.L. 480 for Haiti in FY 1988. Within ESF, an additional $25 million is requested to continue balance-of-payments support under the Economic Recovery Assistance project (521-0200). Also, $1.75 million is required to continue the Technical Consultancies and Training project (521-0167); a final $1.65 million is required to complete funding of the Haitian Mortgage Bank project (521-0263); and a final $600,000 is requested to complete the Development Finance Corporation project (521-0154). Some $1 million is required for the new Non-Governmental Organization Support to Hillside Agriculture project (521-0197). This project will help NGOs to implement a number of project activities supportive of A.1.O's development strategy, particularly in the areas of soil conservation, watershed management and rural employment generation. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A total of $14 million is requested to support several ongoing programs and to undertake one new initiative, the Local Organization Development project (521-0199), which is supportive of A.I.D's strategy to transform the destructive annual crop production patterns currently employed by peasants into sustainable-yield, soil conserving farming systems. Incremental funding is required for: Agricultural Development Support II (521-0092), Agroforestry Outreach (521-0122), Secondary Roads Development (521-0149), Community Water Systems Development (521-0155), and the targeted Watershed Management I project (521-0191). Health, Child Survival, and Population Planning. Some $8.15 million is requested to support ongoing projects and to initiate one new activity. Incremental funding is required for private Sector Family Planning (521-0189) and Management of Malaria (521-0143) projects. The new Targeted Community Health Outreach project (521-0172) will address continuing constraints to health service delivery, building on accomplishments and lessons learned from other health projects and two major health evaluations conducted in FY 1986. The new project will focus on strengthening the capacity of public and private sector health institutions to jointly plan, implement and evaluate services on a decentralized basis. * 240 1074 1075 Education and Human Resources. A total of $5.3 million is requested in Funding to support three ongoing projects; the Management and Productivity Center project (521-0183) providing management training and other services to Haitian entrepreneurs, Incentives to improve Primary Education project (521-0190) and the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean project (521-0640). 230 1.000 000 3.000 1.600 1.500 3.000 5. 007 2.050 1.593 3.000 300 616 230 1.200 663 3.500 2.000 Selected Development Activities. Some $4.55 million is requested to support five ongoing activities: Special Development Activities (521-0062), Investment and Export Promotion (521-0186), Crafts Export Center (521-0179), Technical Consultants and Training (521-0167), and Training for Development (521-0203) which started in FY 1987. As in previous years, Program Development and Support funds will be used to provide consultants and conduct studies, analyses and workshops to support ongoing project implementation, and to design new projects. P.L 480 Program. Some $18 million is proposed under Title I, including $15 million of title III assistance. Local currency associated with the sale of these commodities will be jointly programmed by A.I.D. and the GOH for projects to alleviate agricultural problems and increase production. The $7.8 million proposed for Title II will be distributed by Pros in maternal and child health programs, elementary school lunches, and community development projects. 1. S00 924 400 1.200 2.000 OO 5.403 1.000 0001 C59 3.200 1.020 715 3.596 2.797 77 125 1.436 oss : 2.533 1.107 1.500 Mission Director: Gerald Zarr 3.099 7.888 799 os 1.225 1 seinus.'940 onci...PON 1 2.325 242 3.19 0.26 2800 2.462 3,650 3.867 8.450 1.905 1.000 3.003 --- ook 2.800 2.800 vor 3.806 OST. 6.1 SO Onlis vor Le O. 27 76 31 SS s AIO 92. MATT "26.m; re PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL ASRICULTURE 320 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPNENT STRENGTRENING RURAL CREDIT SUPPORT DEVELOPNENT se conesTKT OUTREACH - SecoNDART RONDS DEVELOPMENT 321-007: CONKUNITI WATER SYSTE: 521-002 SUPPORT 521-0121 SERVICES 521-0149 321-0155 DEVELOPMENT wth Ocoo-12 LOCAL RESOURCE OSVELOPMENT TECHNICAL CONSULTANCTES AND INTERIM SUINS REPOPULATION TARGETED WATERSHED RANAG06 521-0167 TRAINING 521-0170 321-0191 Cuoc Video - 241 $10-125 1075 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN T NOUS ANOS OF OOL LARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN 521 MAITI CP 88 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • LFY OF FY OF LOP | INITIAL FINAL PLANNED OBLIG OBLIG AUTHO -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL P786- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DI TURES ESTINAT SD P787- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS STULES -PROPOSED *788- ODLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ASRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION G 73 C 3.198 3,059 350 368 250 300 250 250 : --- 786 --- 616 ... --- L 76 35 2.800 2.800 2.800 1.386 .. 632 --- 230 --- S21-0078 INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT --- 73 88 2.462 799 6.300 3.808 1.020 500 1.200 500 1.000 31 37 3.650 2.772 6.150 6.150 100 715 400 663 --- ... 81 90 27.000 11,500 3,867 6.082 2.533 3.596 5.405 3.500 5.007 6.000 83 12.500 12.500 3.450 2.395 -- 2.797 1.000 2.000 2.050 3.000 6 87 6.000 5.000 1.905 1.225 700 797 1.800 1,500 1.993 1,600 95 95 1.000 1.000 1.000 50 125 --- 326 .. --- ... --- --- 93 88 800 --- --- ... 800 600 400 87 6.650 5.000 3.803 2.325 1.107 1.434 1.650 1,200 --- 1.500 3 ... --- 25,000 15.000 O. 1.500 3.200 2.000 3.000 3.000 321-0050 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 3 76 85 9.290 9.290 9,290 7,888 321-0078 INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 521-0092 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT II 521-0121 6 STRENGTMENING RURAL CREDIT SERVICES 521-0122 6 AGROFORESTRY OUTREACM • PVO 521-0169 SECONDARY ROADS DEVELOPMENT 521-0155 COMMUNITY MATER SYSTEN DEVELOPMENT 521-0156 OCAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 321-0167 TECHNICAL CONSULTANCIES AND TRAINING 521-0170 G INTERIA SWIN! REPOPULATION 521-0191 6 86 TARGETED MATERSMED MANAGEMENT of to the planned probody et 242 Curl of orth FY of Fathon - A protocolith niti obtien dote botere Deco 31 lodpromet with a wide December 31, the FY of find obligation le donne une on the authorised dote 1076 1077 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIILEAN 521 WAIT CP 36 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • L PY OPPY OP 1 INITIAL INAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO TMROUGN FYUS OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES .ACTUAL FY86- OSLIO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIO- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSEO FY 98- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES --- --- 500 100 500 500 1.000 1.000 500 25 500 135 O 845 O. 83 93 9,000 521-0199 TILLSIDE CROP DEVELOPMENT --- --- --- 1.000 200 Co. 3 96 2.000 2.000 --- --- 2.000 2.000 --- --- --- --- 3 27 600 --- --- 300 150 300 300 10.226 13,805 15.300 15.362 14.000 15.350 DOO 682 230 .. POPULATION PLANNING G 73 C 177 166 105 2 100 100 100 100 521-0126 . PANILY PLANNING OUTREACM 333 2.001 3.000 2.000 3.350 1.500 87 3.250 3,230 3.016 106 234 1.300 --- 1.100 --- ... ... ... 37 91 321-0203 G TRAINING POR DEVELOPMENT 1.500 --- 207 50 250 200 CP 2.137 3.561 700 9.90 2.700 7.01. TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 21.031 17.465 P.775 3.700 3.561 3. So 2.00 7.016 3.434 775 100 ככו 120 314 153 150 76 2.097 2.000 13.750 17.00 1.90 1.73 500 97 29 19.756 17.500 RURAL 'WERLIN DELIVERY system 2.000 7.050 4.865 990 1.919 2.000 5.000 5 52 321-0143 SANASENENT OF MALARIA 13.030 8.000 763 --- 74 1.342 --- 603 1.000 2SO 1.300 --- 92 13.000 350 35 150 359 97 91 2.000 521-0203 TRAINING POT DEVELOPKENT 5.565 4.162 6.584 6.000 5.250 1.750 --- --- --- LOANS CNILO SURVIVAL FUND --- --- --- --- --- oso 250 OSO se 22 raditie COMMUNITY Menin 521-0192 3 LOCAL RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT !! 321-0193 35 STRENGTMINING COFFEE COOP. I: (CLUSA) 521-0231 COPPLE SECTOR ASSITANCE 521-0640 IIIC TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 112.596 74,548 45.925 26.500 10.226 16,487 15.300 15.792 16,009 15.350 GRANTS 63.125 26,620 109.796 71.748 2.800 2.300 LOANS 2.800 1.888 521-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 16.201 16,215 9.500 6°22 321-01 G POPULATION FOR DEVELOPIENT ANORICA C.TOSCAR .U.SAV roe LATI HAITI PROJECT NO. *NO 118 és INITIAL OICIO PLANNED AUTNO INAL BOLIG -THROUG-VOS- DILIG- exe- 4TIONS DITURES -STIMATEO YOT SOLIS- EXPIN- UTIONS DITUOIS -OCTUAL OOLI ATIONS -PROPOSED TO OOLI- OPEN UTIONS OITURES OITURES GRANTS 21.031 7.665 LOANS NLALTN 521-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 321-0091 1.TS. 3.100 3.100 521-0139 3 VATAN MEALTN . CONNUNITY DEV Is OPG 321-0172 TARGETEO CONSUNITY NEALT4 JUTA E ACK 19.628 5.565 26.682 4.142 5.250 6.000 1.750 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 59.896 28.600 19,62 28.682 GRANTS 50.856 20.600 321-0172 JUTR LACN 1077 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED "ROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIO SEAN 521 MAITI се 30 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY O FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -TNROUGN FYS- OBLIG. EXPEN 4TIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FYES- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ESTINATED FY87- JOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -PROPOSED FY93- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS ITURES LOANS NIALIN 73 C 374 254 153 150 103 100 120 37 $21-0091 G 79 RURAL MEALTM DELIVERY SYSTEM 19,756 17.500 17.500 13,730 1.756 1.909 S30 2.000 --- 2.097 6 82 13.030 3.000 1.050 4,865 950 1.919 5.000 --- 2.000 2.000 749 1.342 603 --- 1.000 --- 745 --- ... --- --- --- 1.300 250 --- --- --- 353 150 359 350 CHILO SURVIVAL FUND 950 --- --- ... --- --- --- 950 250 244 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 21.031 17,465 2.775 7.086 2.187 3.561 3.950 3.700 2.700 GRANTS 21.031 17.465 9.775 7,088 3.454 2.167 3,541 3.950 3.700 2.900 521-0000 6 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 321-0143 TANAGENENT OP MALARIA 1.758 3.100 3.100 521-0159 3 MBAN MEALTN & COMMUNITY DEV II OPG 88 92 13.000 521-0172 TARGETED CONGUNITY MEALTY UTREACH 97 91 2.000 521-0203 : TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 26.682 19,628 6.142 53,856 23.600 6.000 5.250 1.750 5,565 GRANTS 50.836 21.600 26.682 19,629 4.142 6.000 5.259 1.750 5.569 LOANS --- 34 92 321-0172 TARGETED COMMUNITY MEALTH OUTREACH -Modelion done before 11, the the 1.100 the final condena pored 1078 1079 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLAOS) 521 BUREAU POR LATIN AERICA AND CARISSLAN MAITI • L PY OR FY OR I INITIAL FINAL 6 O9LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91180 C. 88 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 83 -91180 10,150 5.400 -ESTINATED FY87- EXPEN ATIONS JITURIS 3.000 91 2.400 -PROPOSED T28- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.122 3.093 2.000 1.750 2.187 11.109 5.400 3.000 91 2.400 1.122 3.5 CCC i 2.000 2.703 2.637 91 2.400 1.122 3.093 . ... --- 2. DOO --- 2.709 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES --- 2.437 --- --- . 73 с 691 632 250 253 253 ככו 159 150 2.27 1.976 321 33 95 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NANAGEMENT CENTER --- 3.390 2.300 650 --- --- CCS 515 750 80C : 87 37 1.599 730 1. 200 --- --- --- --- 9) --- --- CO2 CCC SL 359 15.000 350 1,200 92 1.! 1.802 3.053 2.000 1.600 --- --- --- 890 CO 302 SRANTS 6,3 1.450 23.600 17.30 3.435 5.392 CCS 2.08 LOANS 2.255 1.173 -PAS 245 MO: AL YTON OOOO-IZ ANOLI0ABC -. CE CCC D. 30 C OOG ROGAAR AD SUPPORT 921-002 SPECIAL DEVELOPMEY ACTIV 521-5131 3 DeveLOPMENT MAXELLANCO MUNITY OPG 1.753 COS CO2 ככל OOC 351 SOR 3 15 2.820 2.100 1.000 720 1.500 CRAFTS EXPORT CENTER G 83 36 2.000 1.000 950 77 50 633 500 700 SOO 700 G 96 co 7.700 1.200 7.700 1.6% 65 1.SOO 2.230 1.500 ez 91 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT 2.000 --- 100 OS 500 Jos TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 14.520 3.700 6.793 3.565 2.100 1.356 3..10 OSS 4.90 GRANTS 14.520 6.700 6.73 3.566 כט2,1 1.356 6.659 3.310 6.SSO 4.800 LOANS --- --- ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUND G с 111 111 --- --- --- S21-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT --- --- 600 600 300 98 1.100 72 340 63! 2.750 1.750 1.650 700 246 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 521-0194 85 MOBILIZING MOTHERS FOR CHILD SURVIVAL TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT GRANTS 11.100 5,403 3.000 LOANS 521-0003 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 321-0138 CINEC - OPG 521-0183 521-0188 NGO SUPPORT V 321-0195 INCENTIVES TO INPROV! RINARY EDUC 321-0040 TIIC 337 93 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 23.500 17.300 3.418 2.500 2.250 1.173 ככע,4 3.450 5.355 4,500 SELECTED VILGET ACTIVITI'S 521-0134 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION 521-017 521-01 86 INVESTMENT AND EXPORT DRONOTION 521-0203 . 5.000 1.800 1.76 521-0154 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION 1.400 10.000 521-0163 HAITIAN ORTGAGE BANK notesy Color PY - AB 3.V. 1079 - SURSARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOS! PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SURLAU POR LATINA SORICA AND CARIBBEAN CP 88 521 NAIT: -ACTUAL FYES- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ܕܐܥ ܪ ܘ -PRO CSO -YO CBLOG EIDEN ATIONS DITUR! S - ESTIMAT!. FYP- DEN- ::TURES -THROUGH FY 35- OLIG- EXEN- ATIONS DITURSS LPY OPRYO INI- FINAL Jelii OILIS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LANNED AUTHO 300 300 250 525 333 553 1,430 33 300 233 242 23 302 --- --- --- 53 351 308 91 720 1,500 1.000 --- --- 2.129 --- --- 3! 39 2.920 3 500 700 633 700 50 500 77 950 35 521-0179 CRAFTS EXPORT CENTER 2.000 1.000 1,500 1.659 ... 1.500 2.230 --- --- 1.200 6 36 90 7,700 7.700 SO SOO SOS 100 .. --- ... 87 91 2.000 521-0203 G TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT 3,919 4,859 6,550 6,330 3.569 2.100 1,356 6.793 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 16.520 8.700 6.550 4.800 1.356 3,810 6.859 4,793 כט 2,1 3.568 --- GRANTS 14,520 5700 --- --- LOANS --- --- --- --- --- 111 111 300 ... 600 600 1.350 1,759 5.000 3 83 55 1.400 10.000 700 680 1.650 --- 340 38 72 1.100 521-0163 MAITIAN MORTGAGE BANK 2.750 1.750 1.595 521-0000 73 C PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 521-0062 C SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1.774 1,753 521-3151 CHAMBELL AN COUUNITY DEVELOPMENT - OPS 521-0154 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION 521-0186 INVESTMENT AND EXPORT PROMOTION ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND 3 73 C 521-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 521-0154 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION 'Roten the pored propery 246 Curolooftort uity FY al final bon co-All project to them with the abilion done tore D31.1. powinien 31,100FY felona. on the other 1 1080 521 MAITI BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE . L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 5 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 33 33 CP98 521-0167 G TECHNICAL CONSULTANCIES AND TRAININ 521-0131 3 VSO SUPPORT TI 6,141 3.100 2.000 ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 899 936 - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 36 1.087 1,455 6,259 6.596 6,259 950 1,298 1,750 521-0182 NGO SUPPORT III --- 1,500 G OS 35 1.343 --- 3,400 3,400 3,400 1.118 246 521-0185 GO SUPPORT IV --- 3 96 36 1,546 476 674 1,200 DO 474 408 88 --- 1.000 474 -- 321-0197 88 NGO SUPPORT TO MILLSIDE AGRIC 521-0200 ECONOMIC RECOVERY ASSISTICASM TRANSFER --- ... --- --- ... --- --- 100.000 18.000 --- 1.000 18,500 300 12.000 521-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 27,000 3 87 37 33.000 710 25.000 --- 25.000 --- 710 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 710 --- 126.134 41.320 15,759 6,561 21,321 GRANTS 18,696 29.165 126.134 41.320 15.759 38.740 LOANS 6,861 30.000 21,321 28, 208 13. 696 29,165 38,740 30.000 COUNTRY TOTAL 28,209 --- TOTAL 356.839 193,333 159,372 68,352 45,393 GRANTS 43,010 65,153 72,992 106.572 52.000 LOANS 63,760 356,039 103.53 2.800 2.300 45.993 42,923 2.800 56,165 1.888 72.782 52.000 682 63.750 230 Refer Soft نجم علون فات to FY 92 1081 531-O172 200 Purpopa To provide cost-effective prORTY health care coverage secondary care institutions. rural communities and to improve the quality of services at level prevention by Uring availability of choregut the age Project Description: This project will help the Ministry of Health (MOH) Implement its nettonal strategy of focusing Ministry and Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Counter Stratos The project to private resources on six priority programs 1 oral rehydration consistent with the A.1.D. health strategy to Haiti to complete the therapy (ORT), vaccinations and 1 munizations, growth surveillance. on reducing infant mortality. establishment of a viable rural priary health care system. targeted family planning and control of tuberculosis and malaria. Prior assistance from A.I.D. and other donors has funded a major expansion Host Country and Other Donors : The GOR will contribute 25% of of the Ministry'. infrastructure - most notably in constructing Progras. project costs through local currency generated under the PL-480 health dispensaries in over 150 isolated and underserved rural Assistance from the IDB, UNDP and PARO, and bilateral communities. Managing this extended and complex system will require assistance in health. grants from Japan and Canada will complement targeted U.S. Increased decentralization and improvement of health reporting systems, training of personnel, improvement of accounting and Beneficiaries: Some two million people are expected to benefit from Inventory systems and increased attention to alternative revenue this project. The primary beneficiaries will be children under five source and financial management. years of age. Mothers and other working adults will also benefit from Increased access to basic health-care services. The project will focus on the effective planning, management and organization of public, private and community resources to Major Outputs All Years systematically address priority health problems. Technical asofstance and training for the peripheral units of the MOH will Oral rehydration sachets diatributed 2,500,000 reinforce the process of decentralizing management and authority. Population vaccinated 0-1 yr 70z Organizational strategies used in Haiti's successful ORT program 1-4 yrs 60Z will be incorporated into the delivery of other health Interventions Pop. 0-5 yrs under Butrition surveillance SOZ Malaria program volunteers, school teachers, small stores and Health centers/hospitals productivity increased X pharmacies will participate in the promotion and sale of oral rehydration salt, contraceptives and weaning foods, and assist in A.1.D. Yinanced Inputs Life-of-Project ($000) Training & Research 3,500 special public health campaigas. Equipment & Supplies SOO The project will also facilitate the transition from a malaria Technical assistance 4,000 control strategy which emphasizes vector control using expensive Local costa 3,000 Insecticides to a malaria control strategy which is integrated into Construction 2,000 Total 13,000 the overall primary health care program and emphasizes mortality U FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or And Obligation Expenditures Uniqualidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated through September 30, 1987 Future Your Owigations Estimated Tote Cost 1.950 Proposed Fiscal Yee 1988 2.250 1700 248 AIO 3707 (11-86) 1081 LO . --- .. X NEW Haiti PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health MOPOSED OBLIGATION Source Targeted Community Health Outreach CS FY CS 950 Life of Projna Funding 950 1,3ՈՂ 88 HE 1.300 CS 950 HE 12.000 ED. & HR Population 521-0172 Sel. Act Initis Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Det of Projna GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 92 FY 93 Purpose: To provide cost-effective primary health care coverage to prevention by assuring availability of chloroquin at the village rural communities and to improve the quality of services at level. secondary care institutions. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project is Project Description: This project will help the Ministry of Health consistent with the A.I.D. health strategy in Haiti to coaplete the (MOH) implement its netional strategy of focusing Ministry and establishment of a viable rural primary health care system, targeted private resources on six priority programs: oral rehydration on reducing Infant mortality. therapy (ORT), vaccinations and immunizations, growth surveillance family planning and control of tuberculosis and salaria. Prior Host Country and Other Donors: The GOH will contribute 25% of assistance from A.I.D. and other donors has funded a major expansion project costs through local currency generated under the PL-480 of the Ministry's infrastructure - most notably in constructing Program. Assistance from the IDB, UNDP and PAHO, and bilateral health dispensaries in over 150 isolated and underserved rural grants from Japan and Canada will complement targeted U.S. communities. Managing this extended and complex system will require assistance in health. Increased decentralization and improvement of health reporting systems, training of personnel, improvement of accounting and Beneficiaries: Some two million people are expected to benefit from Inventory systems and increased attention to alternative revenue this project. The primary beneficiaries will be children under five source and financial management. years of age. Mothers and other working adults will also benefit from Increased access to basic health-care services. The project will focus on the effective planning, management and organization of public, private and community resources to Major Outputs All Years systematically address priority health problems. Technical assistance and training for the peripheral units of the MOH will Oral rehydration sachets distributed 2,500,000 reinforce the process of decentralizing management and authority. Population vaccinated 70Z Organizational strategies used in Haiti's successful ORT program 60Z will be incorporated into the delivery of other health interventions Pop. 0-5 yrs under nutrition surveillance SOZ Malaria program volunteers, school teachers, small stores and Health centers/hospitals productivity increased pharmacies will participate in the promotion and sale of oral rehydration salt, contraceptives and weaning foods, and assist in A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life-of-Project ($000) special public health campaigas. Training & Research 3,500 Equipment & Supplies 500 The project will also facilitate the transition from a malaria Technical assistance 4,000 control strategy which emphasizes vector control using expensive Local costs 3,000 insecticides to a malaria control strategy which is Integrated into Construction 2,000 the overall primary health care program and emphasizes mortality Total 13,000 U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futuro Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Proposed Fiscal Yes 1988 2.250 1700 1950 248 AID 370-7 (11-06) 0-1 yr 1-4 yrs 1082 1083 / MED OG SUMAMRY NEET JAG, RD EN Heath Hat Funding Source Non-Governmental Organization (NCO) ESF Support to Hillside Agriculture 1,000 521-0197 Population horonto OLLIGATION NEW ED.HR SI Act FY 88 9 GRAT O LOAN O CONTINUANG Purpose: To increase the economic opportunities and basic services made available to the rural poor through support to non-governmental organizations (NGOs). FY Life of Project Funding 88 1,000 1,000 Initid Odligation timotud Find Odipotion Estimer completion Date of Pronet FY 88 FY 90 technology through the NGO mechanisa, and financing NGO activities which contribute to achieving A.1.D.'s priority development objectives in Haiti. Host Country and Other Donor Participating NGOs will fund at least 25% of the cost of each subproject. Beneficiaries: This program will directly benefit two major target groups: the rural poor and participating NGOs. Activities will be concentrated in rural areas where assistance is most urgently required. Small-scale farmers, day laborers, and other segaents of the rural population will actively participate in and benefit from the NGO activities. Ma for Outputs Project Description: Under previous NGO programs, participating organizations have demonstrated their ability to positively fapact on Haitian rural development. NGOs are, for example, developing better varieties of livestock, improving rural health outreach programs, rehabilitating rural infrastructure, and providing vocational training. Several previous activities financed under NGO support projects have subsequently developed into major projects. Similar results are anticipated for the FY 1987 program. The FY 1988 NGO Support VI program will continue A.I.D.'s emphasis on providing support to NGOs with a deaonstrated capacity to provide services and implement development activities effectively. The program will directly assist NGOs in the implementation of technically sound and economically viable activities, largely 10 rural areas. These activities vill draw on the outreach capacity of NGOs, and effectively transfer technology and information Moreover, by providing assistance to NGOs to laplement these activities, the institutional capability of the NGO's to design and laplement effective development projects wil be enhanced. In FY 1988, priority consideration will continue to be accorded to activities such as laproved fruit tree production, soil conservation, erosion control, rural health care, artisan production, rural infrastructure, community water systems development, and vocational training. All Yoara Rural Development Projecte Strengthened NGOs X X A.I.D. Financial Inputs Life-of-Project ($000) Institutional Support to NGOs 1,000 Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This program conforms to the USAID/Hait1 strategy of channeling assistance through private organizations and promoting private enterprise, developing and improving private institutional resources and capabilities, promoting the transfer of U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar Oblation Expenditur Undguiden Principal Controton or one Yoo Through September 30, 1986 Estimated 1987 Eimated brou September 30, 206 To be determined Top Fiscal You 1963 MYCOBISKOM 1000 Fotco 000 AID 370-7 (11-06) 249 VS ***... NAY- TEO. KA O LOANO CONTES PUIP9091 To avoit local organization. To Inercome the benefit. derived from the promotion and adaption of coll conserving technologien on Haier. hinside.. L ISHO LC CY Ingeleultural agriculture proeticos. produselon by Cossoins on I-prone Aldo IL Loo Support the A.I.D. pol leta. Of Institutional development nd channel IRR ecol.lone. private sector. Hon County and Other DADATO In-kind contribution- equivalent to 251 of project cost. will be provided by participating PvO'.. Once Organisational change 1. well undervay in the targeted watershed.. 1t 1. expected that other donor working in other watershed. 111 buy into thi. project'. resource center 10 order to gain organizational development services for their hill.ide beneficiaries. beneficiaries The primary beneficiaries will be the 210,000 hille de residents of the priority watershed area.. The organizational expertise, capital and marketing knowledge developed under the project should ultimately benefit .11 hillside farmers, and all Haitlan. through expanded production and increased disposable income for farmers. Ma lor Outputs: All Years - Small farmer organizations served 100 Medium and long-term loans 300 Members trained in financial management and accounting 200 A.I.D. Y1 panced loputs Life-of-Project($000) Project Description : The appropriate technologie. which 11 be transferred under the targeted Watershed Management I (521-0191) and the Hill.ide Paraing Outreach (521-0189) project are designed to extend voll conserving and fertility selected watershed.. enhancing farming technology to primary hilloide farms in The Local Organization Development project will assist groups of the same farmer. to fully capitalize on the laproved technology and to transform 10 into Income for their neabers by providing them with the financial (credit) and organizational seans to do so. Through a cooperative agreement with a v.s. based PVO specializing in cooperative development • saa11 fermer organizat tona 1 development resource center will be established to develop and asoist farmers' organizations in those target watersheds where USAID's other hillside farming projects are working. The resource center will be equipped to serve the following information and/or organizational needs of these small farmer organizations: intermediate-term and long-tera credit for equipment and facilities; national and international market assessments; cooperative organizational development (accounting, personnel management, etc.); cooperative education and neabers promotion; and transport services iaprovement. In serving these needs, the PVO, through the resource center, will build on the successful results of Haiti's past efforts to de velop small farmer organizations, such as coffee and cocoa cooperatives, swine secondary multiplication centers, agroforestry nursery groups, and hillside farming groupements. Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy The project will be a key component of the Mission strategy of reducing natural resource degradation and the related decline U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Esporditur Obligation Throuch September 30, 1986 Gomated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 8.000 Propowd Fiscal Ye 521-0199 1988 Credit Market Studies Cooperative Promotion and Education Managerial Skill. Development 2,500 500 3,500 2 500 ,000 Total Contraton or uturo To con 9.000 000 250 AO 3707 (11-06) 1083/ --- FY 88 G New LOGRAME Hait PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD &N Health Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION Hillside Crop Development fachowo do 1,000 Ute of Projna Funding 1,000 9,000 Number 521-0199 Population ED. & HR Sal. Act Initia Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOAN CONTINUING FY 88 FY 93 FY 93 Purpose: To assist local organizations to increase the in agricultural production by focusing on improving hillside benefits derived from the promotion and adaption of soil agriculture practices. It also supports the A.I.D. policies of conserving technologies on Haiti's hillsides. Institutional development and channeling assistance through the private sector. Project Description: The appropriate technologies which will be transferred under the Targeted Watershed Management I Host Country and Other Donors: In-kind contributions (521-0191) and the Hillside Faraing Outreach (521-0189) equivalent to 25% of project costs will be provided by projects are designed to extend soil conserving and fertility participating PvO's. Once organizational change is well enhancing faraing technology to primary hillside farms in underway in the targeted watersheds, it is expected that other selected watersheds. The Local Organization Development I donors working in other watersheds will buy into this project's project will assist groups of the same farmers to fully resource center in order to gain organizational development capitalize on the improved technology and to transform it into services for their hillside beneficiaries. income for their sembers by providing them with the financial (credit) and organizational means to do so. Through a Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be the 210,000 cooperative agreement with a U.S. based PVO specializing in hillside residents of the priority watershed areas. The cooperative development, a small farmer organizational organizational expertise, capital and marketing knowledge development resource center will be established to develop and developed under the project should ultimately benefit all assist farmers organizations in those target watersheds where hillside farmers, and all Haitians through expanded production USAID's other hillside farming projects are working. The and increased disposable income for farmers. resource center will be equipped to serve the following information and/or organizational needs of these small farmer Major Outputs: All Years organizations: Intermediate-term and long-term credit for equipsent and facilities; national and international sarket - Small farmer organizations served 100 assessments; cooperative organizational development - Medium and long-ters loans 300 (accounting, personnel management, etc.); cooperative education - Members trained in financial management and members promotion; and transport services improvement. In and accounting 200 serving these needs, the PVO, through the resource center, will build on the successful results of Haiti's past efforts to A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life-of-Project($000) develop small farser organizations, such as coffee and cocoa cooperatives, swine secondary multiplication centers, Credit 2,500 agroforestry nursery groups, and hillside farming groupements. Market Studies 500 Cooperative Promotion and Education 3,500 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The Managerial Skills Development 2,500 project will be a key component of the Mission strategy of Total 9,000 reducing natural resource degradation and the related decline U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 1.000 8.000 9.000 250 AND 370-7 (11-05) 1084 1085 Jamaica 251 . --------- •FORGION TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANOS.NIO DOG) 2.427 MAJOR EXPONTS (1984) ALUMINA .BAUXITE PER CAPITA ANP SUGAR (DOLLARS, 1914) 1. so EXPORTS TO 0.s. (6 MILLIONS. ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GMP GROWTH RATE.. US. FO) (1983) 23. (1966-64) -O. •% e 302 AS X OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1002 41% (1003) SIDOR 102 30% (1000) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 10.6% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1994 ) FUELS . MACHINERY . TRANSPOELEC. EO NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION..( . X IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US. CIF) (1993) SOO (1904) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS 1000) AS X OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1002) 49% (1993) 52% (1004) (1986) TOTAL 75.5 MALE 73.7 FEMALE 77.3 (1070) TOTAL 66.4 MALE 64. FEMALE 60.4 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS. u.s.) (1982) -441(03) -439(84) -206 ADULT LITERACY RATE ( 1981) TOTAL 73% MALE 67% FEMALE 70% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM , VENEZUELA EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 100% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. AANUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1984) (5 MILLIONS. u.s.)... 205 (1976-198y) -2.8% AS % OF EXPORT EARNINOS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) ( 1004) 21.6% (108) 6% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS * OF COP • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY /sQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 494 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.9% (1975) 1.0% (1986) 1.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) 42% (1986) 48X ARABLE LAND MAJOR CROP (S) VEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE... . (1970) (1966) 3 SUBSISTENCÉ: ROOTS AND TUBERS ,PUL SES , CORN 30 (1986) 35% (1995) MARRIED WOMEN AGED CASH: SUGARCANE ,COFFEE , SPICES YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 51.0x MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RAY SUGAR ,COFFEE , SPICES POPULATION ( 1906) IN AGE GROUP : (O-PAYRS) 36.5% (15-GAVRS) 56.8% (68+ YRS) 6.7% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , CORN RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 10 37% PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE . (1980) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1979) 2.832 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES. MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S WILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE ( 1978 MEASLES-ROU ROUGEOLE, TYPHOID FEVER . INFLUENZA-GRIPPE 930 (1979) 1. 343 1,191 () PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) - 406 (1979) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. 1.08 PRIMARY.. 2.3% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : (1902) TOTAL 1.0% (77) 0.0(76) ros MALE (1975) AS X OF ONP 101 FEMALE SECONDARY.... (1982) TOTAL $0.1 MALE 73.. FEMALE POST SECONDARY.. (1980) OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. TOTAL MALE FEMALE (SMILL IONS, V.s.) 161 63 (84) (1983) 97 '(85) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. 0.7% ( 1004 ) EQUIYALENT TO 0.. MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) 252 COUNTRY: COD) JAMICA OASIC DATA 776 (1) 652 (0) TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NÉT LENDING (S MILLIONS. u.s.) (1979) 989 (90) -408 (01) -307 (80) (1978) AS % OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES.. 2.4% (71) 2. '% (76) 100 1085 FY 80 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (332) JAMAICA •BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS,NID 1986) 2.427 .BAUXITE . SUGAR FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) ALUNINA EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1993) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) PER CAPITA GNP .......... (DOLLARS, 1984) 1. 150 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. 231 (1984) 41% (1983) 192 ( 1965-84) -0.4% 362 (1985) 38% (1985) ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION ( 1973-84) 16.6% MAJOR IMPORTS(1984) FUELS . MACHINERY TRANSPŠELEC. EO NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 75.5 MALE 73.7 (1970) TOTAL 66.4 MALE 64.9 .) % IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 508 (1984) 845 (1985) 484 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 49% (1983) 52% (1984) 65% FEMALE 77.3 FEMALE 68.4 TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -441(83) - 439(84) - 296 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1981) TOTAL 73% MALE 67% FEMALE 78% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM , VENEZUELA EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 100% SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINOS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) -2.8% • AGRICULTURE ANWAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF OOP. (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) (1984) 205 (1984) 21.8% 6% • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 1.3% (1978) 1.0% ( 1086) 1.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 42% (1986) 45% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... ..(1970) 5 (1986) SUBSISTENCE: ROOTS ANO TUBERS , PULSES , CORN 30% (1985) CASH: SUGARCANE ,COFFEE SPICES 35% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1903) 51.0% MAJOR AOR I CULTURAL EXPORTS: (1988) RAW SUGAR COFFEE .SPICES POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 36.5% (15-64YRS) 56.8% (65+ YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT .CORN .RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE. (1980) 37% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1979) 2,832 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) MEASLES-ROUGEOLE, TYPHOID FEVER . INFLUENZA-QRIPPE (1979) 652 (80) 776 (01) 936 DEATH.. j TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S NILLIONS, U.S.) (1979) 999 (80) 1,191 (81) 1,343 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1979) -307 (80) -415 (81) - 40S POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1960) 92% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES.. (1978) 2.1% (76) 2.4% (77) 2.3% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF ANP ( 1979) 0.8% (76) 1.0X (77) 1.0% PRIMARY.. (1902) TOTAL 105 MALE 100 FEMALE 101 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL MALE 73.6 FEMALE 60.1 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, CROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONOARY.. (1980) TOTAL 4.7 NALE FEMALE (SHILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 63 (84) 97 '(85) 161 EQUIVALENT TO 0.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION ( 1984) 0.7% 252 1087 1086 JAMAICA JAMAICA Category Dovelopment Assistance Loon Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 25,500 14,500 8,000 0 17,500 14,500 FY 1988 (Request) 18,600 0 18,600 Introduction Jamaica's economy has been undergoing a major structural transformation since Prime Minister Seaga assumed office late in 1980. The import substitution strategy of the 1960s and 1970s had created an economic base which was inefficient and uncompetitive in the international market. Moreover, the strategy used scarce foreign exchange for the production of goods consumed in sheltered local and regional economies. 25,000 21 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 58,000 0 58,000 50 1 45,000 0 45,000 25,000 In spite of progress in removing obstacles to trade and promoting private sector investment in export expansion, Jamaica continues to experience severe balance-of-payments difficulties. Since 1980 there has been a dramatic contraction of the external market for bauxite and alumina, the Island's principal foreign exchange earner. Mineral sales account for 65% of total export earnings but dropped about 50% during this period. The loss in income has contributed substantially to a growing foreign debt which now totals over $3 billion. TOTALS 83,550 31 39,500 63,600 P.L. 480 35,076 38,549 30,000 Title 1 32,600 38,400 30,000 Tito 11 2,476 149 0 TOTALS 118,626 78,049 93,600 Footnotes: 1/ International Disaster Assistance 21 The above total for ESF Includes $240,000 in local cost support. 3/ The total includes reobligations of $5,000,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $3,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $8,000,000 in FY 1986. In the public sector, the decline in bauxite sales has led to a sharp reduction in government revenue and a concomitant rise in the fiscal deficit. Last year the combined budget deficit stood at 13.8% of gross domestic product (GDP), an unsustainable level. The government's reluctance to adopt a more flexible exchange rate policy responsive to changing market forces is also a problem. The combination of an overvalued currency and the compression of private sector credit has limited the economy's ability to expand This is unfortunate because the Jamaican Government's accomplishments in instituting structural reforms have been impressive. These include: PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE! FY 1986 Category FY 1987 FY 1988 lastus (Request) (Estimated 26.25 U.S. National 25.75 25.75 Foreign National 19 17 17 TOTALS 45.25 42.75 42.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIG, exceu property, and I personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. comprehensive tax reform; a major currency devaluation; removal of price controls; deregulation of most imports; reduction of the public sector work force; divestment of many state enterprises including, most recently, the largest commercial bank in the country: agricultural diversification; promotion of foreign and domestic investment; and promotion of an export manufacturing sector. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Estimated) T (Request) T 45 A Total A Total In the implementation of these adjustments, many of the relatively less productive sectors have been hurt; and resulting price increases have impacted most heavily on the poorest 60% of the population. The Government of Jamaica (GOJ), with A.I.D. support, has sought to ameliorate short-term negative effects on the poorer segments of society through supplemental food prograns, including food stamps. And, despite some negative effects, which have led to occasional political protest, there has been an encouraging 189 254 43 41 232 89 74 28 185 50 5 5 Category (Actual) TC Total U.S. Participants Bilateral d 20 76 96 Regional 31 103 134 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 3 Regional TOTALS 51 182 233 dIn-training refers to the sum of participant new starte during the FY & curryovers still in training from the bAcademic: degree reking. AID 3702 003) 84 242 326 102 235 337 prior FY. Technical: non-degree seeking dParticipants funded under bilateral programe Participanta funded under regional programs let, CLASE, AMDP. 254 69-5330 - 87 - 253 1087 JAMAICA Introduction Jamaica's economy has been undergoing a major structural transformation since Prime Minister Seaga assumed office late in 1980. The import substitution strategy of the 1960s and 1970s had created an economic base which was inefficient and uncompetitive in the international market. Moreover, the strategy used scarce foreign exchange for the production of goods consumed in sheltered local and regional economies. In spite of progress in removing obstacles to trade and promoting private sector investment in export expansion, Jamaica continues to experience severe balance-of-payments difficulties. Since 1980 there has been a dramatic contraction of the external market for bauxite and alumina, the Island's principal foreign exchange earner. Mineral sales account for 65% of total export earnings but dropped about 50% during this period. The loss in income has contributed substantially to a growing foreign debt which now totals over $3 billion. In the public sector, the decline in bauxite sales has led to a sharp reduction in government revenue and a concomitant rise in the fiscal deficit. Last year the combined budget deficit stood at 13.8% of gross domestic product (GDP), an unsustainable level. The government's reluctance to adopt a more flexible exchange rate policy responsive to changing market forces is also a problem. The combination of an overvalued currency and the compression of private sector credit has limited the economy's ability to expand. This is unfortunate because the Jamaican Government's accomplishments in instituting structural reforms have been impressive. These include: comprehensive tax reform; a major currency devaluation; removal of price controls; deregulation of most imports; reduction of the public sector work force; divestment of many state enterprises including, most recently, the largest commercial bank in the country; agricultural diversification; promotion of foreign and domestic Investment; and promotion of an export manufacturing sector. In the implementation of these adjustments, many of the relatively less productive sectors have been hurt; and resulting price increases have impacted most heavily on the poorest 60% of the population. The Government of Jamaica (GOJ), with A.I.D. support, has sought to ameliorate short-term negative effects on the poorer segments of society through supplemental food programs, including food stamps. And, despite some negative effects, which have led to occasional political protest, there has been an encouraging 69-533 0 87 - 35 254 1088 1089 The P.L. 480 Title I progran also eases balance-of-payments pressure, while ensuring a ready supply of basic food grains. The GOJ's compliance with past self-help conditions provides the basis for improved land and water use for agricultural purposes. Self-help measures in the FY 1986 agreement focus on development of the local dairy Industry and sound implementation of feeding programs for the most vulnerable segments of the population. Also, in FY 1987, 1.1.D. intends to initiate a Section 108 program which will provide increased financial assistance to private sector producers and exporters. response to the structural changes. Tourism earnings, for example, increased 50% from 1980 to 1985. Non-traditional agricultural shipments have doubled. Such innovative exports are becoming solidly established and form the basis for future industrial growth. The major development problem facing Jamaica in FY 1987 and FY 1988 is to continue building a solid foundation for future economic growth while also building public support for staying the course. The depressed state of the bauxite and alumina industry means 11ttle hope of more jobs, increased foreign exchange earnings and higher tax revenues from the mining sector in the near future. The challenge for A. 1.D. and other major donors is to assist the GOJ in mitigating the effects of austerity measures while helping to develop the basis for long-term, self-sustained growth. Because of its geographic proximity, extensive trade and investment relationships, shared regional security concerns and solid devotion to democracy, Jamaica plays a key role in the achievement of U.S. objectives in the Caribbean basin. The GOJ is committed to economic development, and Jamaica has the potential to benefit significantly from duty-free access to U.S. markets through the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI). Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s strategy is to stimulate diversified private production and to address gaps in farming support systems. Agriculture accounts for only 6% of GDP, but employs some 30% of the labor force. Sector reviews conducted in FY 1986 stress the need for divestiture of public land for the production of non-traditional export crops, effective adaptation and demonstration of proven technological Innovations, greater deregulation of production and marketing, and the improvement of agricultural infrastructure. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date In FY 1986 A.L.O. provided an additional $4 million for the Crop Diversification/Irrigation project (532-0123) to support the conversion of unutilized public lands to the production of winter vegetables and ornamentals by private entrepreneurs. Reclamation work has already turned 1,900 acres of unproductive sugar estates into irrigated farmland. The first tranche of $500,000 was obligated for the Agricultural Research project (532-0128) for strengthening Jamaica's applled research effort. In FY 1987 A.I.D. will initiate the Hillside Agriculture project (532-0101) vith a grant of $800,000. This $10 million program will increase the production by small farmers of perennial cash crops, such as coffee and cacao. Technical assistance and training provided to indigenous private and voluntary organizations (PVOs), community groups, private enterprises and statutory boards will focus on the delivery of improved technology to farmers in the Rio Cobre and Rlo Minho watersheds, where traditional subsistence agricultural practices limit farm income. The dissemination of nodern techniques will also help prevent erosion, which threatens downstream coastal Irrigation systems, The V.S. assistance program seeks to achieve economic and political stability and supports equitable long-term economic growth. Continued substantial financial assistance is needed to cushion the impact of structural adjustment and to stimulate greater investment, particularly in the export sector. Significant balance-of-payments support and project interventions will buttress the ongoing policy dialogue with the GOj to: 1) extend deregulation of the private sector; 2) implement comprehensive domestic tax reforms; and 3) continue privatization efforts. The principal objectives of A.I.D.'s development strategy in FY 1987 and FY 1988 are to assist the GOJ to 1) continue the structural reforms necessary for broad-based, export-oriented economic growth; 2) minimize contractions in domestic production and employment; and 3) ease the burden of adjustment for the most vulnerable segments of the population. The strategy supports increased reliance on market mechanisms to determine the allocation of resources, rational sectoral interventions to increase exports and generate employment, and appropriate measures to halt the deterioration of social services. Economic Support Fund (ESF) and P.L. 480 Program. Sustained levels of ESF and P.L. 480 resources are essential to ensure that present economic exigencies do not undermine the attainment of long-term goals. Balance-of-payments assistance is required to support the GOJ's economic recovery program by providing significant amounts of foreign exchange to permit the financing of imports required by the private sector. The report of the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and A.I.D. "Fresh Look" mission, completed in April 1986, pointed out the need for greater concessionality on external aid to Jamaica, given the overwhelming debt burden. Health and Population Planning. A.1.D.'s objectives are to arrest the deterioration of medical services to the poor and to increase contraceptive prevalence. In FY 1986 $2 million were added to the Health Management Improvement project (532-0064) to finance the procurement of basic medicines and to assist the GOJ in renovating clinics and health centers in low-income areas. The population and Family Planning project (532-0069) received an additional $1 million in FY 1986 to improve the quality of service to acceptors and expand commercial retail marketing of contraceptives. Population funding of $1.5 million will be used in FY 1987 to promote voluntary family planning services by the National Family Planning Board and PVOS. Education and Human Resources Development. A.I.D. efforts are directed toward institution building in higher education, improving the educational eivironment at the primary level and sharpening the vocational training systen. To help foster a strong foundation for management education in 255 DEEZER 256 1089 3 The P.L. 480 Title I program also eases balance-of-payments pressure, while ensuring a ready supply of basic food grains. The GOI'S compliance with past self-help conditions provides the basis for improved land and water use for agricultural purposes. Self-help measures in the FY 1986 agreement focus on development of the local dairy industry and sound implementation of feeding programs for the most vulnerable segments of the population. Also, in FY 1987, A.I.D. intends to initiate a Section 108 program which will provide increased financial assistance to private sector producers and exporters. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s strategy is to stimulate diversified private production and to address gaps in farming support systems. Agriculture accounts for only 6% of GDP, but employs some 30% of the labor force. Sector reviews conducted in FY 1986 stress the need for divestiture of public land for the production of non-traditional export crops, effective adaptation and demonstration of proven technological Innovations, greater deregulation of production and marketing, and the improvement of agricultural infrastructure. In FY 1986 A.1.D. provided an additional $4 million for the Crop Diversification/Irrigation project (532-0123) to support the conversion of unutilized public lands to the production of winter vegetables and ornamentals by private entrepreneurs. Reclamation work has already turned 1,900 acres of unproductive sugar estates into irrigated farmland. The first tranche of $500,000 was obligated for the Agricultural Research project (532-0128) for strengthening Jamaica's applied research effort. In FY 1987 A.I.D. will initiate the Hillside Agriculture project (532-0101) with a grant of $800,000. This $10 million program will increase the production by small farmers of perennial cash crops, such as coffee and cacao. Technical assistance and training provided to indigenous private and voluntary organizations (PVOs), community groups, private enterprises and statutory boards will focus on the delivery of improved technology to farmers in the Rio Cobre and Rio Minho watersheds, where traditional subsistence agricultural practices limit farm income. The dissemination of modern techniques will also help prevent erosion, which threatens downstream coastal irrigation systems. Health and Population Planning. A.I.D.'s objectives are to arrest the deterioration of medical services to the poor and to increase contraceptive prevalence. In FY 1986 $2 million were added to the Health Management Improvement project (532-0064) to finance the procurement of basic medicines and to assist the GOJ in renovating clinics and health centers in low-income areas. The population and Family Planning project (532-0069) received an adoitional $1 million in FY 1986 to improve the quality of service to acceptors and expand commercial retail marketing of contraceptives. Population funding of $1.5 million will be used in FY 1987 to promote voluntary family planning services by the National Family Planning Board and PVOS. Education and Human Resources Development. A.I.D. efforts are directed toward institution building in higher education, improving the educational environment at the primary level and sharpening the vocational training system. To help foster a strong foundation for management education in 256 1091 1090 A Praining: A.D.D. provided academic and technical training to 233 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (54), business (59), economics (1), elementary and vocational education (52), health and population (8), housing and urban development (7), management (12), tax administration (8), culinary arts (10), engineering/energy (14), and industry (8). B. The types of goods associated with ESF cash transfers by A.1.D. to Jamaica are as follows: Type of Goods Value V.S. Industrial Inputs U.S. Capital Goods V. S. Agricultural Inputs U.S. Spare Parts $29.7 million 20.5 million 17.6 million 12.7 million TOTAL 80.5 million C. local currency was allocated for the following uses by A.I.D. and the GOJ. (The equivalent of $46.1 million in local currency was avallable for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986. The equivalent of $90.6 million was added during FY 1986.); Jamaica, A.I.D. will begin the Management School Improvement project (532-0129) with $700,000 in FY 1987. The project will upgrade, through U.S. training, the University's management faculty; improve its curriculum and library facilities; and promote increased educational exchanges with local and regional private management institutions to serve the executive training needs of the private sector. The Primary Education Assistance project (532-0126) received an additional $1.25 million in FY 1986 for the rehabilitation of primary schools, the provision of textbooks and the promotion of greater community involvement in education. Support for this project in FY 1987 ($1.75 million) will rehabilitate 45 primary schools in low income neighborhoods and focus attention on community maintenance programs. Selected Development Activities. In cooperation with government efforts to develop a fairer and less restrictive tax system, A.I.D. expanded the Board of Revenue project (532-0095) in FY 1986 to permit additional U.S. technical assistance, the procurement of computer hardware and software, and the construction of a new computer center. The GOJ has already promulgated a new income tax system featuring a much lower flat rate. Similar reforms of corporate and consumption/import taxes are expected in FY 1987. Expansion of the project capitalizes on gains made in designing a simple tax system which promotes rather than restricts economic growth. A.I.D. assistance in FY 1987 ($1.17 million) supports the institutionalization of the system by making it work fairly. A.1.D. began the $15 million Inner Kingston Improvement project (532-0120) in FY 1986 to provide increased factory space for a rapidly expanding non-traditional export sector and enhance Kingston's attractiveness for investment Additional incremental funding of $2.75 million is planned in FY 1987. The Technical Consultations and training Grant project (532-0079) has been streamlined and refocused on private sector growth in developing export markets. Sub-projects have been approved for investment promotion, export development and assistance to emerging Jamaican firms. Additional funding of $1.76 million in ESF will be used to enhance these efforts during FY 1987. Support for small business development continues with a $100,000 grant for the National Development Foundation operational program grant (OPG). The ongoing Special Development Activities project (532-0029) will receive funding of $100,000 in FY 1987 for grants to community-based self-help projects. Under the Low Cost Shelter project (532-0067) a grant of $150.000 will permit continued technical assistance to public and private sector institutions responsible for providing affordable housing for low-income families. Program Development and Support funds of $300,000 will be utilized for project design and monitoring, evaluations, and sectoral analyses. Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that A.I.D. provide comprehensive reports on its assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on the FY 1986 program in Jamaica is provided in partial fulfillment of that requirement: Education and Human Resources Development $ 66.1 million Rural Development 12.6 million Infrastructure 22.8 million Health, Nutrition and population 2.1 million TOTAL $104.2 million D. Reprogramming of funds resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated obligations FY 1986 are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: (8000) Total ARDN PP HECS EHRD SDA Estimated fY 1986 Obligations 78.334 4,720 1,030 2,109 - ESE 3,691 1,450 -Actual FY 1986 Obligations 83,500* 7.720* 1,030 2,109 59,334 "Includes reobligation of funds deobligated from prior year projects. - 3,691 10,950* 58,000 257 258 1091 A. Training: A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 233 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (54), business (59), economics (1), elementary and vocational education (52), health and population (8), housing and urban development (7), management (12), tax administration (8), culinary arts (10), engineering/energy (14), and industry (8). $ B. The types of goods associated with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Jamaica are as follows: Type of Goods Value U.S. Industrial Inputs U.S. Capital Goods U.S. Agricultural Inputs U.S. Spare Parts $29.7 million 20.5 million 17.6 million 12.7 million TOTAL 80.5 million C. Local currency was allocated for the following uses by A.I.D. and the GOJ. (The equivalent of $46.1 million in local currency was available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986. The equivalent of $90.6 million was added during FY 1986.): Education and Human Resources Development $ 66.1 million Rural Development 12.6 million Infrastructure 22.8 million Health, Nutrition and population 2.7 million TOTAL $104.2 million D. Reprogramming of funds resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated obligations FY 1986 are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: (5000) Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD SDA ESF -Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 78,334 4,720 1,030 2,109 3,691 7,450 59,334 -Actual FY 1986 obligations 83,500* 7,720* 1,030 2,109 - 3,691 10,950* 58,000 *Includes reobligation of funds deobligated from prior year projects. 258 1093 1092 E. Funds and Programs provided through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Health, Child Survival, and Population Planning. A total of $1.5 million is required to support private, voluntary and public sector initiatives. Of this amount, $450,000 is requested for the new Health ($200,000) and Child Survival ($250,000) OPGS. The Population and Family Planning project (532-0069) will require $850,000 in additional funds. Non-governmental Government of Jamaica DA ESF P.L. 480 Title I P.L. 480 Title II $ 1.162 million ( 5%) $ 24.338 million (95%) -0- 58.000 million (100%) -0- 32.600 million (100%) 2.476 million (100%) -0- Education and Human Resources Development. For this account, $3.8 million is requested. The primary Education Assistance project (532-0126) requires $1.1 million in incremental funding for essential rehabilitation of 105 primary schools and the provision of basic textbooks in both the rural and urban areas. The University of the West Indies Management Education project (532-0129) vill require $800,000 in FY 1988, a further 5700,000 is requested to finance technical assistance under the Basic Skills Training project (532-0083), and $900,000 will be used to continue the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean (532-0640), TOTAL $ 3.638 million ( 3%) $114.938 million ( 97%)* *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Jamaican businesses. P.L. 480 Title I included imports of wheat and feed grains which were sold for distribution through private commercial channels. Also, the equivalent of $35.4 million in local currency associated with these ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources are being applied to private sector activities, as summarized in paragraph C. above. Selected Development Activities. Funding of $5.3 million is requested for private sector investment and export promotion and urban redevelopment. The new Promotion of Investments and exports project (532-0135) will receive $1 million to support private sector activities. Its design will be based on an assessment of the terminating Technical Consultations and Training project (532-0079). Incremental funding of $2.35 million is needed to finance the redevelopment and expansion of manufacturing space under the Inner Kingston Improvement project (532-0120). Another $350.000 is required for the Low Cost Shelter Development project (532-0067) for technical assistance in the implementation of Housing Guaranty loans and urban upgrading Community-based, self-help organizations will benefit from the $100,000 requested for the Special Development Activities project (532-0029). Program Development and Support. Funding of $700,000 is requested for technical assistance associated with project support activities. FY_1988 For FY 1988 A.1.0. proposes $45 million in Economic Support Funds, $18.6 million in development assistance, and $30 million in P.L. 480 Title I resources to continue the program described above. Mission Director: Willian Joslin Balance-of-Payments Support and Structural Adjustment A.I.D. is requesting $45 million in ESF grant balance-of-payments assistance to alleviate the severe shortage of foreign exchange and support the GOJ'S structural adjustment program. P.L. 480 assistance of $30 million (Title 1) will assure adequate supplies of essential food items, such as wheat, corn, rice and edible oils. Self-help measures will focus on increasing Jamaica's ability to feed its people. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. Some $8 million is requested to finance Incrementally four major projects and continue smaller activities. Additional funding of $2.8 million is requested for the Crop Diversification/Irrigation project (532-0123), and $1.3 million for the Agricultural Research project (532-0128). Both programs seek to maximize the productive use of Jamaica's land resources. Approximately 85% of the island is mountainous. Sound management of the hillsides is critical to the prosperity of the smallholders, as well as to downstream Irrigation. A grant of $1 million is requested for the Hillside Agriculture project (532-0101) to continue technical assistance and training to small farmers through statutory boards, private and voluntary organizations, and other private sector channels. Funding of $1.35 million is required for the rural roads component of the Agricultural Marketing project (532-0060). 259 260 1093 Health, Child Survival, and Population Planning. A total of $1.5 million is required to support private, voluntary and public sector initiatives. Of this amount, $450,000 is requested for the new Health ($200,000) and child Survival ($250,000) OPGS. The population and Family Planning project (532-0069) will require $850,000 in additional funds. Education and Human Resources Development. For this account, $3.8 million is requested. The Primary Education Assistance project (532-0126) requires $1.1 million in incremental funding for essential rehabilitation of 105 primary schools and the provision of basic textbooks in both the rural and urban areas. The University of the West Indies Management Education project (532-0129) will require $800,000 in FY 1988, a further $700,000 is requested to finance technical assistance under the Basic Skills Training project (532-0083), and $900,000 will be used to continue the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean (532-0640). Selected Development Activities. Funding of $5.3 million is requested for private sector investment and export promotion and urban redevelopment. The new Promotion of Investments and exports project (532-0135) will receive $1 million to support private sector activities. Its design will be based on an assessment of the terminating Technical Consultations and Training project (532-0079). Incremental funding of $2.35 million is needed to finance the redevelopment and expansion of manufacturing space under the Inner Kingston Improvement project (532-0120). Another $350.000 is required for the Low Cost Shelter Development project (532-0067) for technical assistance in the implementation of Housing Guaranty loans and urban upgrading. Community-based, self-help organizations will benefit from the $100,000 requested for the Special Development Activities project (532-0029). Program Development and Support. Funding of $700,000 is requested for technical assistance associated with project support activities. William Joslin Mission Director: 260 1094 1095 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 532 JAMAICA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 38 . L FY OF PY OF | INITIAL FINAL G09LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD THROUGH FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY56- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS -ESTINATED FY87- LIG- EXPEN- &TIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYSI- OOLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION G 55 35 532-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1,598 1.598 1.508 954 --- 320 --- 323 101 6 79 32 532-0059 FISM PRODUCTION SYSTEN DEVELOPMENT 960 968 917 917 --- --- .. --- --- --- 79 32 532-0059 FISM PRODUCTION SYSTEN DEVELOPMENT 2.240 2.240 1.656 1,656 --- --- --- --- --- --- 532-0060 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING 81 8.347 3.847 --- --- --- 450 150 1.350 300 532-0060 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING L 31 39 13.800 13.800 10.800 6,320 3.000 469 4.000 3.111 532-0081 L AGROINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 32 7,489 9.489 9,439 1.803 1,582 2,200 2.850 532-0082 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION G --- --- --- --- 35 3.000 3.000 3.000 17 109 550 800 532-0082 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION L 85 6.500 6.500 6.500 --- 990 --- --- --- 1.100 $32-0085 83 VOLUNTARY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 38 775 575 575 573 150 100 50 100 932-0091 3 PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK 0 1.100 100 100 .. --- --- --- --- ... --- 50 1.000 500 532-0091 L PRIVATE DEVELOPNENT BANK --- -.. 90 5.000 2.500 2.500 --- --- --- 1.000 --- 1.500 83 532-0097 SMALL FAEN PRODUCTION AND NAPKETINS (OPG 760 660 660 290 70 100 100 100 37 8 532-0101 MILLSIDE AGRICULTURAL RESTRUCTURING 10.000 --- --- --- --- 600 350 1.000 1.200 261 SURAH HOUSANOS OF ...AU LATIN ANOICA AND CAT.OLAN -THROUGN PYOS OOLI- KPEN- OTIONS DITURES -ACTUAL OOLIS- ATIONS exP IN- OITURES -ESTINATED PY- DOLI- UTIONS DITURES ROPOSE. YO. OBLIG- IIPON ATIONS OITURES JAMAICA PADJECT . LO - OP LOP ANO TITL! INITIAL PINAL PLANNIO OILIO BOLIG AUTNO 532-0103 SS IS 1.000 Jaro TECNNICAL SUPPORT AND 1.000 INVESTMENT S32-0156 6 67 So •ROTNERS SROTMER FOUNDATION JPG 1.000 132 30. 560 --- SO --- --- 25 150 104 85 500 101 5 300 soo 532-0107 AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE Devel. 75 --- --- 100 --- 100 3 532-0100 NATL DEY. FOUNDATION EXPANSION OPG --- --- 150 200 --- 95 55 216 600 3 600 600 TILLSIDE ASSESMENT --- --- 2.300 4.130 1.200 3.80 6.000 35 1.670 1.500 13.000 13.000 PROP DIVERSIFICATION ICATION 6.000 300 500 2.974 L 8 US 6.800 5.000 CROT DIVERSIFICATION 500 1.100 1,300 3 300 95 96 6 7.600 7.600 AGRICULTJRAL RESEARCH --- --- --- 200 SO 1 SO . JS COOPERATIVE DEV. AND TRAINING 200 200 --- --- --- --- --- --- 200 100 200 200 87 400 85 --- 220 130 200 200 200 G 96 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 532-0113 S32-0123 532-0123 532-01 26 932-0100 • OP 332-0640 PIIIC S32-9103 45.895 9.902 7.720 4.330 15.755 9.000 15.656 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.327 78.177 2.123 4.720 3.08 10.150 4.330 7.066 0.000 9.795 50.498 GRANTS 35.745 7.779 3.000 5.025 8.961 8.690 LOANS 61.529 39.529 262 son derno Sefore Dormitorio 3. Yound der Cherche FYA mer 1095 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OR DOLLARS) DURLAU POR LATIN A1ERICA AND CARIBBEAN 532 JANAICA CP 85 PROJECT NO. ANO TITL! • LPT OF "Y OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OSLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN FY8S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED FY87- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 85 1.000 1.000 1.000 132 300 560 87 SO O --- --- --- 50 25 --- 25 8S 500 45 --- 101 500 500 ... 150 --- 104 532-0107 AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE DEVEL. 5 100 --- --- --- --- 100 --- --- 75 532-0106 NATL DEV. FOUNDATION EXPANSION OPG : 35 35 600 600 600 --- --- 216 ... 200 --- 150 • 35 99 1.200 13.000 13.000 6.000 1.470 1.500 3.809 2.800 6.130 L 35 85 6,800 5.000 6,800 --- --- --- --- 2,974 --- 500 300 6 96 99 500 7.600 7.600 893 500 1.300 1.100 ... --- 87 200 200 --- --- --- 200 រ០ --- 150 97 89 400 --- --- 200 100 200 200 --- --- --- --- 96 C - 220 96 130 200 200 532-9103 6 ROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 200 262 532-0105 35 JAPD TECNNICAL SUPPORT AND INVESTNENT 532-0106 G 33 BROTNER'S BROTHER FOUNDATION ING 532-0113 TILL SIDE ASSESMENT 532-0123 EROP DIVERSIPICATION 532-0123 CROP DIVERSIFICATION 532-0128 AGRICULTJRAL RESEARCH 532-0180 BS COOPERATIVE DEV. AND TRAINING • OP: 532-0640 PIIIC TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 92.327 78.177 45,895 9.902 7.720 3.116 4,330 15.755 3.000 18.656 GRANTS 10.150 2.123 4,720 3.08 4,330 7.066 8.000 9,795 LOANS 50.498 38.643 41.329 39,529 35.745 7.779 3.000 5.025 8690 3.361 notion done tolon 31,00 31.10 Fution board to 1096 1097 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBSEAN 285 JAMAICA PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE • LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG 9 LOP PLANNED AUTHO 91190 -THROUGM FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 86 -ACTUAL Y 86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91160 -ESTINATED PY87- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 9 POPULATION PLANNING 532-0000 6 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 35 85 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 166 166 --- 6900-285 12 -D. 06 82 POPULATION & FANILY PLANNING SERVICES 10.711 10.711 5708 691's 1.000 779 1.150 005 350 1.000 3 3389 VOLUNTARY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 100 --- --- --- 6 Os 85 --- --- 25 50 50 248 248 2S 107 200 100 SO 9 100 3 98 --- --- 30 6 100 50 SO os TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 895 1,500 GRANTS 687 1.000 1,200 11.475 11.125 5.956 3.194 LOANS 1.30 895 1.550 --0 687 --- --- 1.000 1,200 N!ALIN --- 6 55 SS 315 315 --- --- --- --- --- 81 MEAL IN MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT 3.017 3.017 1.017 120 2.000 --- 1.840 IB 96 2.000 C g 3. 554 8.554 5.554 2.42 1.188 1.600 59. 776 576 576 --- 574 200 100 100 260 . ON PLANNO AUTHO - DOLTO- PE- ATIONS SE TURES C 200 . 100 с 2 SO 2.3.. 2.10 3.42 290 1.732 2.546 TOTAL POR COUNT 10.165 12.660 12.460 OSZ CSZ 2.290 2.026 1.591 120 2.10 554 --- 1.105 1.600 S98 6.554 2.626 CHILD SURVIVAL PUND --- OS 2SO --- --- --- --- с 250 SO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 250 50 GRANTS --- LOANS --- --- OS 217 --- 2.632 102 3. 101 SS S6 3,101 3.101 --- 800 726 700 716 400 850 2.750 G 68 6.900 4.900 426 1.370 3.300 8.500 L 7 93 8.500 8. 300 137 118 95 --- 350 5 56 SS 350 350 532-0085 S32-0122 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIM. OF PAMILY PLAN- OPG 532-9104 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 11,475 11.125 5.956 3.194 1.030 532-0000 PROSRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 532-0064 7 532-0064 WEALTH MANAGEMENT INPROVEMENT 532-0035 VOLUNTARY SECTOR DEVELOPENT RT AR DEVELOPMENT ANO 7 AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS GRANTS 4.106 3.006 LOANS 532-9999 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG'S EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 3 532-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 532-0083 SASIC SKILLS TRAINING 532-5383 BASIC SKILLS TRAININS 532-0084 NANAGENENT TRAINING 264 testo ". cent PAS 1097 SUMMARY (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 88 OUR EAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIO SEAN -PROPOSED PTI- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES JANAICA 532 - ESTIMATED PY87- POLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIS- EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES -INROUSN PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PY OF PY OF LOP INITIAL FINAL PLANNED OBLIG OBLIG AUTND PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 30 50 30 SO 5 109 20 200 100 --- --- 532-9108 : PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 532-9999 3 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS OPG'S --- C 2.368 250 3,424 250 1,782 2. 109 2,546 10.145 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 12.660 12.460 250 2.230 2.024 253 394 2.109 120 598 250 30 --- --- --- ... ... --- 250 50 --- OOO --- 250 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 50 GRANTS LOANS 102 217 --- 150 --- 2.632 3. 101 95 3. 101 3.101 700 850 --- 800 400 726 716 2.750 89 83 3,300 4.900 6.900 -- 532-0083 BASIC SKILLS TRAINING 1.370 --- 426 8.500 389 --- L 532-3383 BASIC SKILLS TRAINING 8,500 8. 500 DOO 137 350 95 . 35 35 350 350 532-0084 MANAGEMENT TRAINING 1.591 1,400 GRANTS 1.189 6.106 3,906 6.554 3.554 8.556 2.426 LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 532-9999 5 79 C PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG'S EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 6 55 532-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT Ruten to the 264 Gewichter FY fudent-Albumihintalahtio done totoro December 31, ledalonte Do 31, the FY al fine dion one pled 1099 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS ON DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AVERICA AND CARIBBEAN 532 JAMAICA • L PY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGH FYS3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 08 1.400 6 33 VOLUNTARY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 532-0036 3 52 PARTNERS VOL TECH ASSI SERVICE • OPG -PROPOSED FYS3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 440 2.021 1.621 500 500 221 33 463 500 200 613 266 200 ..O 128 400 --- 106 DO. 33 97 1.000 3.000 1.000 --- --- 600 532-0095 L BOARD OF REVENUE ASSISTANCE 83 87 4.522 6.522 4.522 400 2.449 ODO 1.156 --- 97 917 650 S00 300 277 200 193 --- --- 150 130 SO 33 11.300 11.300 3.000 --- 1.250 223 1.750 2.000 332-0129 8 87 SANAGENENT SCHOOL INPROVEMENT 89 1.100 2.500 --- 3.000 --- --- --- 700 200 87 203 1.000 720 720 500 166 220 .. 1098 250 158 8 1.800 --- --- --- --- --- 930 3 500 с 900 900 --- 400 36 100 200 סכו 290 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 41.854 30.016 26.923 7,430 3.591 SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 265 JAROC -OJECT NO. O.LTG - NPEN UTIONS OTTURES 119 1.SSS ANO 1.1.4 100 100 100 100 120 ACTIVITIES 112 1 33 135 JOO S32-00S ENERGY 300 300 SECTOR ASSISTANCE 500 1.900 2.53 8.400 1.590 . 8.400 8.400 1 SD 350 317 SO 600 857 99 35 2.395 1.365 OD 3.000 3.200 786 3.000 5.300 973 $7 6.S00 14.500 293 1.000 330 300 112 600 90 4.000 1.100 3.700 1.313 6.000 --- 34 3 10.000 15.000 15.000 285 --- 265 --- 1.170 60 --- 37 53 ISTANCE 1.455 3.000 100 115 20 200 208 470 236 G 83 770 670 --- --- --- 250 --- 26 230 900 G 85 85 000 900 --- 1.665 --- 2.75 2.700 2.330 2.000 36 : INNER KINGSTON INPROVENENT POUNDATION 12.000 13.000 --- --- --- 5.500 --- --- 1.600 --- 2.500 36 INNER KINGSTON I PROVERET FOUNDATION PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 532-0035 532-0095 BOARD OF REVENUE ASSISTANCE 532-0106 6 53 BROTHER'S BROTHER FOUNDATION JPG 532-0126 3 95 PRIMARY EDUCATION ASSISTANCE 532-0180 COOPERATIVE DEV. AND TRAINING • OPG 532-0640 PIIIC 3 87 532-9105 ROGRAN DEVELOPNENT AND SUPORT 3.789 3.800 9.321 GRANTS 3.800 10.360 11.901 4.592 3.691 LOANS 23,842 25.992 13.022 13.022 2. 207 3.300 6,534 13.022 3.800 2.838 7.060 1.582 2.787 3.300 5 32-3000 DEVELOPMENT SUPPAT 532-002 SPICIAL DEVELOPMENT 532-0065 L ENERGY SECTOR ASSISTANCE 5:2-0067 > 32 LOW-COST SHELTER DEVELOPMENT 352-0079 : TECHNICAL CONSULTATIONS AND TRAINING 532-CC 91 G PRIVATE DEVELOPNENT BANK 532-0091 L PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK 532-0095 BOARD OF REVENUE ASSISTANCE 532-0109 NATL DEV. FOUNDATION ! UPANSION OPG 532-0117 URBAN SECTOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 532-0120 S32-0120 13.000 5.000 266 Notre sa podpory Color Yotel in coton - Andere before Deco", 1099 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) Jects BURLAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIASEAN -PROPOSED VII- OBLIS- ATIONS DITURES 532 JANAICA -ESTINATED FY87- WILIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LPY OP FY 01 I INITIAL FINAL OSLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 17 382 2.116 1.555 35 2,116 2.116 130 100 100 100 9 1.064 100 O --- ... 112 135 300 53 --- --- 91 35 300 300 ... 500 532-0065 ENERGY SECTOR ASSISTANCE 1,590 1,300 --- 2.593 8.400 81 85 8,400 3,400 350 317 190 650 857 400 995 39 2.335 1.385 3 32 LOW-COST SMELTER DEVELOPMENT 3,200 --- 3,000 --- 786 3,000 973 5,500 79 37 9.500 14,500 1.000 300 --- 300 233 --- 112 800 90 4.000 1.100 6,000 --- 3.700 --- 1,313 --- 10.000 34 93 15.000 13.000 235 --- ... 609 1.175 285 37 1.455 3.000 206 200 115 150 200 --- 470 236 G 85 770 470 2 50 ... --- 230 26 --- --- 900 G 65 85 900 900 2.000 2.350 2.700 2.753 --- 1.665 --- --- 12.000 10.000 : INNER KINGSTON IMPROVEMENT FOUNDATION 2.500 ... 1.600 --- --- --- 5.000 .. 36 10,000 5.000 INNER KINGSTON I PROVEMENT FOUNDATION 266 532-0000 G 55 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 332-0029 366 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 532-0065 L ENERGY SECTOR ASSISTANCE 5:2-0067 532-0079 3 TECHNICAL CONSULTATIONS AND TRAINING 32-c 1 G PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK 532-0091 L PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT BANK 532-0095 3 30ARD OF REVENUE ASSISTANCE 532-0103 NATL DEV. FOUNDATION EXPANSION OPS 532-0117 URBAN SECTOR TECNNICAL ASSISTANCE 532-0120 532-0120 'Roten to the planned proper tot Curd door stay FY of fun in column - Almanach with a bien die beter December dhe blloh Do 31,00 Y al final obligations the authordote -- 1101 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUZEAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 532 JAMAICA LOP LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G OLIG OOLIG CP 85 PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ESTIMATED FY87- JOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 92 12.000 PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -O. PRONOTION OF INVESTMENT AND 3 85 INNER KINGSTON ENPLOYMENT OPG --- 96 1.000 500 725 725 --- --- 650 75 79 646 G --- с --- 425 181 300 100 300 300 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT GRANTS 16,460 45. 151 12,835 6,852 5,309 7,460 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- 1,000 240 --- 240 240 79 87 --- 16,720 18, 460 12.960 8.032 1100 1.760 1.400 --- 2.034 85 86 36,500 36,500 15.500 15.500 19.000 19.000 --- 36 39.000 39,000 --- --- -0. 39,000 --- --- 39,000 --- --- ... --- 07 23.000 --- --- 23.000 23.000 --- --- 86 45.000 --- --- 45.000 65.000 Coor PVC 267 PY OF ITLE -INAL PLANNED - Tour FOS - OLIO OPEN- ATION DITURES OLI OLT S..000 a.OOO 47-OS ..000 TOTAL 23.32 POR ACCOUNT 49.000 23.332 25.000 24.6.0 7.OS. 58.000 26.440 GRANTS LOANS 69.710 63.600 COUNTRY TOTAL 96.608 146.664 79,768 39.500 53.500 $4,049 TOTAL 393.337 25.632 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . S32-0135 EXPORTS S32-0141 532-9106 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 78.551 62.896 31,285 7.445 10.950 5. 694 6.570 15.182 5.300 5.950 LOANS 2.291 6,370 6,782 33.400 23. 400 10,400 2.593 5.000 3, 403 7.100 532-XXXX LOCAL COST SUPPORT $ 87 87 532-0079 G TECHNICAL CONSULTATIONS AND TRAINING 532-0100 3 PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT V 532-0111 86 PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYNENT VI 532-0124 27 PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT VII $32-0134 98 PRODUCTION & EMPLOYMENT VIII 39.500 69.733 63.600 74.34 68.570 38. 613 75.500 70.943 GRANTS 296.532 206.127 96.B05 $9.505 19,75 10.977 11.196 13.636 3.000 75.721 LOANS 268 "heten to the proper Col dottore Yetion co- Acolumn with this before other 1101 SUNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 532 JAMAICA CP 89 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! L FY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OSLI 39LI: LOP PLANNED AUTHO -TMROUGH FY85 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- SLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYE- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LOANS --- COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 156.460 91.960 23460 23.532 58,000 59,494 25.000 26,640 45.000 47,034 GRANTS 156, 460 91.960 28,460 23,532 53.000 59.494 25.000 26,640 65.000 47.036 TOTAL 166.664 54,049 39 3.337 295.632 83,500 79,768 39.500 69,710 63.600 94,608 GRANTS 70.963 30,413 75.500 68.570 39.500 49.733 63.600 76,349 LOANS 296,532 206. 127 96.805 99.505 75,721 15,536 3.000 11.198 19,977 19,759 "Reten to the planned projet et 268 Clonel al effort activity FY of final obligation column -AN project in this come with an obtation date hoton December 31, 1900 on bed on the therland data for projectarih minit obligation date Documber 31, 1850 the FY of fine blugation in en pierred dote 1102 1103 PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AOSMAN Tide Funding AG, RD & N Health morOSED OBLIGATION Soura the thote Production and Employment VIII ESF FY Ute of Project Funding 45,000 88 45,000 45,000 Number 532-0134 NEW Initia Obligation Estimated ind Obligation Estimated Completion Dea of Project PS GRANT O LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 88 FY RO Purpose: To provide balance of payments support to the Government strategy of assisting Jamaica to achieve econoaic stabilization of Jamaica (GOJ) required for its economic recovery program. and structural reform. In light of Jamaica's critical economic situation, such assistance takes on even greater laportance in Project Description: The Cou's economic recovery program has been supporting continued reform of the Jamaican economy. set back by the unexpected deep and long de pression of the world market for bauxite and alumina, until recently the nation's major Host Country and Other Donors: A.I.D., the International Monetary foreign exchange earner. Although the world economic recession Fund, and the World Bank are the principal donors providing has recently abated, the international market for bauxite/alumina balance of payments support to the cou, and are in agreement about continues to be de pressed, and Jamaican producers have the nature of the macro-economic problem and the prescription for dramatically curtailed production. The foreign exchange provided its cure. A.I.D. vill continue to coordinate closely vith the through this economic stabilization program will assist Jamaica in other major donors in laplementing the balance payments aftigating the adverse effects of the collapse of bauxite/alumina, adjustments support program. and continue Intensive efforts to develop non-traditional exports. The GOJ has undertaken significant policy reforms to Beneficiaries: This assistance is aimed at alleviating Jamaica's assure that external assistance does not merely finance persistent severe foreign exchange shortage, tied to a series of consumption. To encourage domestic production, promote exports policy reforms designed to spur economic reorientation toward and reduce the cost of the public sector to the economy, bost non-traditional exports. It is not feasible to identify specific Government price controls have been removed, quantitative import target beneficiaries. Iasofar as the program has the desired restrictions eliminated, a floating exchange rate was adopted to impact on the economy, it will benefit the entire population of cause a major devaluation, and large reductions in the public work the island, including the unemployed, consumers and small force have been made. In the coming year it is expected that producers. comprehensive tax reform, the income tax coa ponent of which has been implemented, will be completed, which will spur greater Major Outputs: All Years efficiency in both the public and private sectors. Under this ESF - Policies for encouraging private prograa, the GOJ will contribute an equivalent amount of local Investment X currency to finance local costs of jointly agreed upon, - Reduction in role of public sector in development-oriented public sector activities. The GOJ will also the economy X pledge to make available an equivalent amount of dollars to - Economic stability X finance the importation of U.S. machinery, raw materials and spare parts required to help restore production and employment. A.1.D.-Financed Inputs: Life-of-Protect (000) Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: This balance of payments program is the key element of A.I.D.'s Balance of payments/budget support 45,000 Princiel Contractors TAG, NOTO Powder Promo & Investmen and Genc CSO GOLSELATIN Export. Project PY 88 1.000 Loof oor Funding 5.32-01JS out TEO SHA inted obligation 12.000 Estimated Find Option 1.000 Load Complete Date of Pro GRANE A LA LOCOTINLANG FY FY Y 22 Purposes To assist the Government of Jamaica (GO) and the Host Country and Other Donor.. private sector to inerea se investment production and employment The World Bank, Inter-American in non-traditional exporta and export oriented industries, and to Development Bank, Caribbean Development Bank and UNDP and the increase foreign exchange earnings. Government of Jamaica are providing significant Support for export promotion and industrial development. The GOJ. with the most.tance of AID and other donor agencies, 1. coordinating these effort.. Background: The Government of Jamaica's economic development program focuses on an export-led production strategy and an Beneficiaries: Jamaican entrepreneurs, private sector organisations Increase in investments in export-oriented industries. This focus and public sector entities involved and aupportive of private sector 1. even more important as a result of the continuing recession in affaire will directly benefit from the project: with the expansion the bauxite and aluat na parkets which, until recently. provided of investment, increased productivity. expanded export and the major source of foreign exchange for the country. increased foreign exchange earninge, greater employment Non-traditional exports have not experienced the growth necessary opportunities will become available for the disadvantaged segments to compensate for the reduction in bauxite and alumina earnings. of the Jamaican population and the hardcore unemployed. This ie Many constraints to growth in these areas remain. particularly important given Jamaica's high rate of unemployment. The principal objectives are to enhance the Ma lor Outputs: All Years Project Description: country's ability to attract new investment in non-traditional products, and to earn more foreign exchange from tourism and Jobs Created 25,000 The Project will non-traditional export oriented industries: Investments $40,000,000 focus on those specifically identified actions necessary for an Industry to attract lovestment and grow profitably. Studies now A.I.D. Financed Inpute: Life-of-Project underway in the garment Industry vill identify activities eligible (3000) under the Section 807 foreign product assembly program: Studies will be completed in industries such as data entry, electronica Training 4,000 assembly and furniture in addition to the tourism service sector. Technical Assistance 4,000 Specific objectives will be established for each sub-project that Commodities and Other Costs 4,000 Total 18 developed to enhance its respective industry. 12,000 The utilisation Relation of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy of the private sector as the medium for growth in the Jamaican economy is a key element in AID', strategy to achieve economie stability and structural reforms in Jamaica. Principal Contractor or Agenda Jamaica Population ED. & HR Sel. Act. U. FINANCING (I thousands of dollars) Ollination Expandir 1987 Throws September 30, 1986 Es unted His You 1987 Estimated Through September 30, RAS repondiner 1256 AIO 3707 (11-06) NO Y7061don 45,000 49000 USCINANCING (I thouse -olan Obledon Expenditure Thrown September 30, 1986 BE Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30. 1987 Futuro O con Propound Fiscal Yeu 1988 1.000 1.000 270 AID 370-7 (11-85) 12.000 1103 1 FY 88 NEW PROGRAM: Jamaica PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Title Funding AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Promotion of Investment and Source tin thousands of dollar Exports Project Life of Project Funding 1,000 12,000 Number Population JED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation 532-0135 Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion 1,000 Date of Project Q GRANT D LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 91 FY 92 Purpose: To assist the Government of Jamaica (GOJ) and the Host Country and Other Donors: The World Bank, Inter-American private sector to increase investment, production and employment De ve lopment Bank, Caribbean Development Bank and UNDP and the in non-traditional exports and export oriented industries, and to Government of Jamaica are providing significant support for export increase foreign exchange earnings. promotion and industrial development. The GOJ, with the assistance of AID and other donor agencies, is coordinating these efforts. Background: The Government of Jamaica's economic development program focuses on an export-led production strategy and an Beneficiaries: Jamaican entrepreneurs, private sector organizations increase in Investments in export-oriented industries. This focus and public sector entities involved and supportive of private sector 18 even more important as a result of the continuing recession in affairs will directly benefit from the project. With the expansion the bauxite and alumina markets which, until recently, provided of Investment, increased productivity, expanded exports and the major source of foreign exchange for the country. Increased foreign exchange earnings, greater employment Non-traditional exports have not experienced the growth necessary opportunities will become available for the disadvantaged segments to compensate for the reduction in bauxite and alumina earnings. of the Jamaican population and the hardcore unemployed. This is Many constraints to growth in these areas remain. particularly important given Jamaica's high rate of unemployment. Ma for Outputs: All Years Jobs Created Investments Project Description: The principal objectives are to enhance the country's ability to attract new favestments in non-traditional products, and to earn more foreign exchange from tourism and non-traditional export oriented industries. The Project will focus on those specifically identified actions necessary for an industry to attract investment and grow profitably. Studies now underway in the garment Industry will identify activities eligible under the Section 807 foreign product assembly program. Studies will be completed in Industries such as data entry, electronics assembly and furniture in addition to the tourism service sector. Specific objectives will be established for each sub-project that is developed to enhance its respective industry. A.I.D. Financed Inputs: 25,000 $40,000,000 Life-of-Project (5000) 4,000 4,000 4,000 12,000 Training Technical Assistance Commodities and Other Costs Total Relation of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The utilization of the private sector as the medium for growth in the Jamaican economy is a key element in AID's strategy to achieve economic stability and structural reforms in Jamaica. Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligations Expenditures Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 1.000 1.000 Estimated Total Cost 12.000 270 AND 3707 (11-85) 1104 1105 FY 88 Jamaica MOVED OGRAM SUMMARY SHEET ING, ND IN OTOD OLUQATION Private and Voluntary Organiza- in the tour tions Operational Program Grants CS 450 Lite of Project Funding 250 200 Continuing 532-9999 DNA Population ED.HR SIA Inida Osiedon Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project F CUTO LOAN F CONTINUNG FY 79 FY Continuing FY Continuing Puspose: To provide increased health services and health Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The education to the low income population through the involvement of Project is consistent with the A.1.D. priority strategies: (1) private voluntary organizations and O-type institutions. to arrest the deterioration in the provision of social services; and (2) to increase the involvement of the private Profect Description: Deterioration of health services and health sector. education has rapidly accelerated to recent years as the MOH faces reductions in budget, increased maintenance and operational costs Host Country and Other Donors: The Government of Jamaica is and exodus of skilled staff. The MOH has taken steps to encouraging the involvement of Private Sector Organizations in rationalize the number of health facilities through reduction in the delivery of social services. Under the new World Bank loan services which has resulted in the greatest detriment to health (Population and Health No. 1), funds are provided to support education and preventive health care, including maternal/child private sector faitiatives. health. Beneficiaries: The immediate beneficiaries will be the urban Fortunately, the Co has encouraged greater involvement of the and rural poor, particularly women and children in need of private sector in the provision of health care. Institutions such health services. The entire population will benefit from as the Private Sector Organization of Jamaica (PSOJ) and reductions in the incidence of preventable diseases. HMO/Jamaica have indicated interest in providing health services to the poor and relieving the MOM of some of its increasing burden. Ma for Outputs: All Years 0 х o х Under the proposed Project, small sub-grants will be made to private sector institutions to develop new initiatives in health care. Activities are likely to include: (1) small clinics located in economically depressed areas, with phased-in sponsorship by PVO's; (2) health education campaigns, with particular emphasis on maternal/child health and infant survival (e.g., imaunization); and (3) development of schemes, such as community pharmacies, aimed at greater utilization of generic drugs and the provision of health aids. Reduced costs in pharmaceuticals to the poor Increased utilization of generic drugs Reduced infant aortality rates Increased immunization rates o O X X A.1.D. Financed Inputs: Life of Project (3000) 450 Health Activities TOTAL 450 Principal Contractor or Agence Tout U & FINANCINO (I thousands of dollar) Oblation Explora Unikoulded 1986 Voor 1982 ASSIONATE September 30, 1982 ceOne 1990 10 Sonunun Cox LaMin 271 mer NO AND IT Caribbean Regional 273 1105 Caribbean Regional 273 1106 1107 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL CARIBBEAN REGIONAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 23,700 22,900 0 0 23,700 22,900 FY 1988 (Request) 21,000 Development Assistance Loan Grant 21,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant 25,575 1,800 23,775 19,200 1 0 19,200 25,000 6,900 18,100 Introduction The less developed countries (LDCs) of the Eastern Caribbean consist of six Island states. The decline of prices for their traditional agricultural products, especially sugar, bananas, and coconuts, has been a major constraint to economic growth. Eastern Caribbean nations provide a high level of education and health services to their populations. Their abilities to continue to do so will depend on achieving sustained economic growth. However, limited technology, weak management, low labor productivity, insufficient credit, inadequate infrastructure and comunications, high transportation costs and other constraints retard growth in both agriculture and manufacturing. Other TOTALS 49,275 42,100 46,000 P.L. 480 Tide 1 Tide II TOTALS 49,275 42,100 46,000 Footnotes: ✓ The above total for ESF includes $605,000 in local cost support. dobile the LDCs vary considerably among themselves, the following constraints to rapid growth apply to all countries. Diseconomies of small scale make production for the domestic market very expensive. Producers lack both knowledge and scale to produce for export. The natural resource base, except for tourism, is quite limited. Infrastructure is limited, and that which has been developed is not well maintained. Public policies have not kept pace with rhetoric that espouses development of the private sector, la structures, fiscal policies, licensing requirements, and import and esport restrictions limit private sector growth. The human resource base is generally untrained. These constraints result in high unemployment. PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Category SActuer (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 31.75 30.25 30.25 Foreign National 34 34 34 TOTALS 65.75 64.25 64.25 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Includo HIC, excen property, and I personnel Excludes TDP. One workyear = 2,087 hours. The countries of the Eastern Caribbean realize that growth must come from diversified non-traditional agriculture, manufacturing for export, and tourist receipts. Governments must develop policy environments more conducive to supporting private entrepreneurial activity, provide and maintain physical infrastructure, and carefully manage public resources. There is growing awareness of the need for tax reform and other incentives to support the private sector; sound fiscal management to reduce government pressure on private credit; sale or lease of government-owned hotels, factories, and farms; and investment in roads, power generation and water systems The United States has a strong interest in supporting democratic political and economic institutions, particularly among such close neighbors as the Eastern Caribbean states. Steady private sector development is essential for long-tern economic growth to create employment, higher standards of living, and political stability. FY 1987 FY 1988 A6 600 ! The six democratic, English-speaking LOCs of the Eastern Caribbean Include Antigua. Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 Category (Actuall (Estimated) (Request! TO Total А T Total А T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 4 53 57 4 370 374 120 480 Regional 67 108 175 94 100 194 Third Country Participants Bilateral d 4 4 3 3 Regionale 3 6 TOTALS 71 165 236 98 476 574 120 486 606 a n-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryovers still in training from the dParticipante funded under bilateral programı bAcademic: degree seeking. Participants funded under regional programs let, CLASP AMDP). AID 370-2 888) 274 prior FY. 275 1107 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL Introduction The less developed countries (LDCs) of the Eastern Caribbean consist of six island states." The decline of prices for their traditional agricultural products, especially sugar, bananas, and coconuts, has been a major constraint to economic growth. Eastern Caribbean nations provide a high level of education and health services to their populations. Their abilities to continue to do so will depend on achieving sustained economic growth. However, limited technology, weak management, low labor productivity, insufficient credit, inadequate infrastructure and communications, high transportation costs and other constraints retard growth in both agriculture and manufacturing. While the LDCs vary considerably among themselves, the following constraints to rapid growth apply to all countries. Diseconomies of small scale make production for the domestic market very expensive. Producers lack both knowledge and scale to produce for export. The natural resource base, except for tourism, is quite limited. Infrastructure is limited, and that which has been developed is not well maintained. Public policies have not kept pace with rhetoric that espouses development of the private sector. Tax structures, fiscal policies, licensing requirements, and import and export restrictions limit private sector growth. The human resource base is generally untrained. These constraints result in high unemployment. The countries of the Eastern Caribbean realize that growth must come from diversified non-traditional agriculture, manufacturing for export, and tourist receipts. Governments must develop policy environments more conducive to supporting private entrepreneurial activity, provide and maintain physical infrastructure, and carefully manage public resources. There is growing awareness of the need for tax reform and other incentives to support the private sector; sound fiscal management to reduce government pressure on private credit; sale or lease of government-owned hotels, factories, and farms; and investment in roads, power generation and water systems. The United States has a strong interest in supporting democratic political and economic institutions, particularly among such close neighbors as the Eastern Caribbean states. Steady private sector development is essential for long-term economic growth to create employment, higher standards of living, and political stability. 1 The six democratic, English-speaking LDCs of the Eastern Caribbean include Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts-Nevis St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. 275 1109 1108 A.1.0. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date A.I.D.'s strategy for development in the region focuses on three major goals: (1) long-term economic growth; (2) spreading the benefits of growth; and (3) strengthening democratic institutions. A.I.D. employs policy dialogue, private sector development, technology transfer, and institution building methodologies to carry out its strategy. To reach the economic growth goal, A.1.D. is providing assistance to the private sector to help improve its productive capacity, both in agriculture and manufacturing. A.I.D. is working with governments to help stabilize financial structures and improve fiscal planning and budgeting systems. To reach the benefits of growth goal, A.I.D. assists government and private efforts to stimulate employment, increase training opportunities, and to improve health and family planning services throughout the region. To reach the third goal, A.I.D. is providing assistance to strengthen democratic institutions and the administration of justice in the region. We recognize that an efficient, respected justice system is a vital element in achieving country and regional goals. respect helped to establish a farmers' cooperative to increase and improve ali prediction for higher producer profits through technology, including with range management, selective breeding, and disease control. i secessfully completed activity, the Dominica Banana Company project L-003), resulted in privatization of banana boxing operations and in sattantial improvement in the financial viability of the Dominica Banana leteting Corporation. The percentage of bananas packed in the field erased substantially, effectively shifting that stage of banana processing from the government to individual farmers. with and Population Planning. A.1.D. supports greater efficiency in the partision of health and family planning services and, where possible, to Ancorage privatization of these efforts. Under the Population and Penelopment project (538-0039), assistance is provided to both private usxelations and governments in distributing family planning commodities, and eneroving cost-effectiveness, accessibility and quality of services. the mediate Health Care Development project (538-0149), implemented by Prefect iope, helps meet Grenada's health needs by providing technical assistance and in-service training. The Regional Pharmaceuticals Management project (538-0134) is establishing efficient utilization of resources through inproved procurement, management, and use of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies. The project will enable the Eastern Caribbean Drug Service to maintain its drug management services on a self-sustaining level. Cost-recovery schemes will create revolving funds for procurement w Raintenance of pharmaceutical stocks. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. The new High Impact Agricultural Marketing and Production project (538-0140) demonstrates the validity of a market-driven strategy to producers, investors, financial institutions and governments. The project provides technical assistance in preparation of feasibility studies required by financial institutions, helps to secure commercial loans, and assists in supervision to decrease risk and improve management. A major focus is technology transfer to develop high value exportable agricultural commodities. Nine major product lines which can be grown in the Eastern Caribbean have already been identified. In Grenada, for example, A.I.D. is working directly with 300 cocoa growers to increase cocoa export volume on existing tree stock by 20% within 30 months. Also, the Agriculture Sector Revitalization project (543-0005), rehabilitates marketing facilities in Grenada and helps the Ministry of Agriculture and private organizations to increase farmers' productivity. The project promotes an improved policy framework and incentive structure for agriculture. As a result of the project, the government has begun to divest public lands and is increasing private access to farm land. The Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute farming Systems Research and Development project (538-0099) assists in agricultural research. A recent evaluation concluded that the project's approach is a practical and cost-effective means of sustaining technology generation and adaptation in the small island states. The Caribbean Agricultural Extension Il project (538-0068) increases the effectiveness of national public and private extension systems to disseminate new technology and will improve the capacity of the University of the West Indies to back stop and support national agricultural extension services, especially for small farmers. The St. Lucia Agricultural Adjustment project (538-0090) precipitated fundamental institutional reforms on ownership and rights to land. A land registration and titling activity is giving landholders clear title, simplifying land sales, and overall is helping to establish more active private land markets. In Antigua, as a result of our policy dialogue in conjunction with the Antigua Livestock Improvement project (538-0112), the government in 1986 eased price controls on locally produced beef. The Education and Human Resources Development. Training projects help raise saTil levels in the region. The Regional Nonformal Skills Training project (533-0073) develops marketable skills among unemployed school drop-outs. Burger Tom of the people trained through this project are now employed. The legional Management Training Pilot Project (538-0148) supports short-term uragement training for cost-effective and efficient operations. The fastern Caribbean Training project (538-0160), with Partners of the Americas, is providing vocational, technical, and professional training. Also, the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean project (53–1540) provides long and short-term training to develop skills, and create a cadre of potential regional and national leaders. Selected Development Activities. Funds from this account support A.I.D.'s pinte sector strategy. The regional portfolio focuses resources on: (1) investment pronotion, emphasizing exports; (2) provision of credit to maalifled entrepreneurs; (3) strengthening private sector support institutions; and (4) providing, improving and maintaining productive infrastructure. the loves teent Promotion and Export Development project (538-0119) has attracted over 30 new investments and major new export contracts to the region, creating several thousand jobs in manufacturing such as electronics, sporting goods and other products. Without this new production, the sharp trop in demand from nearby regional markets (Jamaica and Trinidad) would have been far more injurious to the Eastern Caribbean. The project will further develop investor search techniques and enable regional personnel to take over this function. This project played a critical role in Antigua's 276 277 1109 project helped to establish a farmers' cooperative to increase and improve meat production for higher producer profits through technology, including better range management, selective breeding, and disease control. A successfully completed activity, the Dominica Banana Company project (538-0083), resulted in privatization of banana boxing operations and in substantial improvement in the financial viability of the Dominica Banana Marketing Corporation. The percentage of bananas packed in the field increased substantially, effectively shifting that stage of banana processing from the government to individual farmers. Health and Population Planning. A.1.0. supports greater efficiency in the provision of health and family planning services and, where possible, to encourage privatization of these efforts. Under the population and Development project (538-0039), assistance is provided to both private associations and governments in distributing family planning commodities, and improving cost-effectiveness, accessibility and quality of services. The Immediate Health Care Development project (538-0149), implemented by Project Hope, helps meet Grenada's health needs by providing technical assistance and in-service training. The Regional Pharmaceuticals Management project (538-0134) is establishing efficient utilization of resources through improved procurement, management, and use of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies. The project will enable the Eastern Caribbean Drug Service to maintain its drug management services on a self-sustaining level. Cost-recovery schemes will create revolving funds for procurement and maintenance of pharmaceutical stocks. Education and Human Resources Development. Training projects help raise skill levels in the region. The Regional Nonformal skills Training project (538-0073) develops marketable skills among unemployed school drop-outs. Over 70% of the people trained through this project are now employed. The Regional Management Training Pilot Project (538-0148) supports short-term management training for cost-effective and efficient operations. The Eastern Caribbean Training project (538-0160), with Partners of the Americas, is providing vocational, technical, and professional training. Also, the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean project (538-0640) provides long and short-term training to develop skills, and create a cadre of potential regional and national leaders. Selected Development Activities. Funds from this account support A.1.0.'s private sector strategy. The regional portfolio focuses resources on: (1) investment promotion, emphasizing exports; (2) provision of credit to quallfied entrepreneurs; (3) strengthening private sector support institutions; and (4) providing, improving and maintaining productive infrastructure, The Investment Promotion and Export Development project (538-0119) has attracted over 30 new investments and major new export contracts to the region, creating several thousand jobs in manufacturing such as electronics, sporting goods and other products. Without this new production, the sharp drop in demand from nearby regional markets (Jamaica and Trinidad) would have been far more injurious to the Eastern Caribbean. The project will further develop investor search techniques and enable regional personnel to take over this function. This project played a critical role in Antigua's 1 277 1111 1110 A.L.D's Public Management and Policy Planning project (538-0096) provides technical assistance to support policy dialogue efforts in the region. Various subactivities will increase regional capacities to manage finances and to operate Hore efficiently. Technical assistance promotes institutional refora in customs and tax administration, program budgeting, economic planning and statistical analysis. In Grenada, it supports the fiscal solvency and reform conditions contained in a series of budget support grants. Dominica has taken the first steps toward a structural reforn program. To encourage greater efficiency of government operations as I means of reducing the burden of government on the economies of the region, during FY 1986 A.L.D. approved ten new activities totalling 80 person-months of technical assistance. These activities address such issues as tax and customs administration, financial management in Antigua, program budgeting and an overall assessment of statistical reporting for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. decision to establish an Industrial Development Corporation and an outreach office in Miami. Also, with A.I.D. technical assistance, the Government of St. Vincent is about to establish free zone legislation. The Small Enterprise Assistance project (538-0133) provides technical, managerial, marketing and financial assistance to small and medium-scale enterprises, working through the Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce, National Development Foundations and other institutions. In the Eastern Caribbean, where the small size of national economies restricts available options, small enterprises are an important source of opportunity and economic well-being for the majority of the population. Small and medium businesses, particularly in the repair and service areas, provide a necessary support structure for the development of larger, externally funded enterprises. The project is building small business capability and supporting the National Development Foundations. Twelve companies are now receiving assistance. Three other projects also support A.I.D.'s focus on investment promotion. The Private Sector Assistance project (538-0043) assists businesses with training and advice through the Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce. The Association's membership now includes 32 organizations and 90 businesses. Some 96 people have received training, and four major policy studies have been prepared. The Caribbean Financial Services Corporation project (538-0084) provides long-term credit to entrepreneurs which is not readily available from commercial sources. To date, 26 loans totaling $5.3 million have been negotiated. The Infrastructure for productive Investment project (538-0088) provides credit to private developers for factory shells. Twenty-two private developers are negotiating investments that will total almost $8 million. However, demand for this credit has not developed as expected, and the project will be redesigned to establish more realistic targets. Any funds determined to be surplus in this project will be reprogrammed. Economic Support Fund (ESF). ESF resources are also used in projects to attract increased investment and expand private sector production. The Infrastructure Expansion and Maintenance Systems project (538-0138) is funding a series of interventions, ranging from road construction to electric power generation to help improve the climate for business investment. In St. Lucia, the St. Lucia Geothermal Exploration project (538-0137) helps determine the feasibility of producing electric power from a geothermal source. Under the Cumberland Hydroelectric project (538-0091), A.I.D. participates in a multi-donor effort that includes a comprehensive upgrading of the national electric utility and its operating system. in Antigua, A.1.D. and the government are improving management and finance of the public utility authority as well as broader financial mangement issues. In Dominica, Grenada, St. Lucia and St. Vincent, A.1.0.-funded road projects have also included improvements of maintenance systems and procedures. The Basic Needs Trust Fund project (538-01031 also emphasizes maintenance systems development. A mid-1986 project evaluation concluded that this project was making excellent progress. Some 92 sub-projects have been undertaken, including schools, clinics, water systems, and other community projects. To date, more than 40,000 person weeks of employment have been created for these activities. The LAC Regional Caribbean Justice Improvement project (598-0642), in responding to country priorities, will strengthen the legal systems of the Eastern Caribbean, and in doing so, improve the ability of the courts to respond to the needs of the people. Technical assistance provided through the University of the West Indies will develop country law libraries and install management systems for them, assist in law revision and reform, and provide a commercially sustainable case reports and a textbook revolving fund to ensure that the entire legal community has access to adequate and modern case precedent and decisions. Country-specific activities will modernize and improve management of the courts and the civil registries, mile training for magistrates and other legal professionals, and assistance to invigorate the private bar in the region will enhance and support democratic principles. Also, improved legal systems will tend to encourage favorable investment decisions. Grenada's economic development has progressed significantly since October 1983. A.I.D. has provided a broad range of assistance to infrastructure, fiscal reform, agriculture, health care, education, and institutional development. In FY 1984, our program concentrated on recovery. By FY 1985 these efforts were well under way, and the focus shifted to economic growth and employment led by manufacturing, tourism and agriculture. Coordination with other donors, particularly the Canadian International Development Agency, has been effective. The program has resulted in an improved policy environment resulting from fiscal reform, "iberalization of import licensing requirements, revision of the investment code, privatization strategy, and relaxed market restrictions. In agriculture and agribusiness, several proposals are being considered. 'ncluding a commercial fishing pilot program and mushroom cultivation. A Crab farving venture is underway, and cocoa production will receive major euphasis Progress toward better public sector management has also been impressive, especially in health and education. A.1.D. has concentrated on improved health service delivery and training of medical personnel, including Improvements in medical, environmental health and nursing programs; data and records administration; and mental health programs. 278 279 1111 A.1.O's Public Management and Policy Planning project (538-0096) provides technical assistance to support policy dialogue efforts in the region. Various subactivities will increase regional capacities to manage finances and to operate more efficiently. Technical assistance promotes institutional reform in customs and tax administration, program budgeting, economic planning and statistical analysis. In Grenada, it supports the fiscal solvency and reform conditions contained in a series of budget support grants. Dominica has taken the first steps toward a structural reform program. To encourage greater efficiency of government operations as a means of reducing the burden of government on the economies of the region, during FY 1986 A.I.D. approved ten new activities totalling 80 person-months of technical assistance. These activities address such issues as tax and customs administration, financial management in Antigua, program budgeting and an overall assessment of statistical reporting for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. The LAC Regional Caribbean Justice Improvement project (598-0642), in responding to country priorities, will strengthen the legal systems of the Eastern Caribbean, and in doing so, improve the ability of the courts to respond to the needs of the people. Technical assistance provided through the University of the West Indies will develop country law libraries and install management systems for them, assist in law revision and reform, and provide a commercially sustainable case reports and a textbook revolving fund to ensure that the entire legal community has access to adequate and modern case precedent and decisions. Country-specific activities will modernize and improve management of the courts and the civil registries, while training for magistrates and other legal professionals, and assistance to invigorate the private bar in the region will enhance and support democratic principles. Also, improved legal systems will tend to encourage favorable investment decisions , GRENADA Grenada's economic development has progressed significantly since October 1983. A.I.D. has provided a broad range of assistance to infrastructure, fiscal reform, agriculture, health care, education, and institutional development. In FY 1984, our program concentrated on recovery. By FY 1985 these efforts were well under way, and the focus shifted to economic growth and employment led by manufacturing, tourism and agriculture. Coordination with other donors, particularly the Canadian International Development Agency, has been effective. The program has resulted in an improved policy environment resulting from fiscal reform, liberalization of import licensing requirements, revision of the investment code, privatization strategy, and relaxed market restrictions. In agriculture and agribusiness, several proposals are being considered, including a commercial fishing pilot program and mushroom cultivation. crab farming venture is underway, and cocoa production will receive major emphasis. А Progress toward better public sector management has also been impressive, especially in health and education. A.I.D. has concentrated on improved health service delivery and training of medical personnel, including improvements in medical, environmental health and nursing programs; data and records administration; and mental health programs. 279 1112 1113 5. The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by 1.1.5. to Grenada (the only Caribbean Regional country which completed such à progran in FY 1986) are as follows: lydes of Goods Value U.S. Agricultural Products U.S. Raw materials & Chemicals U.S. Machinery Parts and Vehicles U.S. Pharmaceuticals Total $4.0 million $2.1 million $2.5 million $0.4 million $9.0 million Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Grenada was allocated by A.1.0. and the Government of Grenada for the following uses in 7 1986 Government Salaries and Wages fisheries Development Road improvements Housing Repair Program $5.4 million $0.1 million $0.3 million $0.2 million $6.0 million Total In education, A.1.0. has repaired and rehabilitated 70 schools throughout the country and provided 97 Tong and short-term training grants. The A.L.O and Organization of American States non-formal skills training program will train 400 young people for placement in factories or cottage industries by March 1987. Under the training initiative announced by President Reagan during his February 1986 visit to Grenada, 62 teachers and administrators completed a specially tailored teacher training program in the U.S. Virgin Islands and in the United States. Ten teachers began long term training toward undergraduate degrees in September 1986, in addition to two four-year undergradute scholarships, which were awarded to Grenadians under the Presidential Training Initiative. A.1.D. has placed heavy emphasis on the repair and upgrading of infra- structure essential to productive enterprise, i.e., roads, industrial facilities, electricity and water supply. Progress has been impressive. A.I.D. assistance has resulted in completion of the point Salines International Airport, repair and reconstruction of major portions of the primary, secondary and tertiary road systems, and construction of new mental health facilities. Major improvements to the country's water supply system, the electric power generation and distribution system, solid waste disposal, and repair and renovation of public schools are also under way. In private sector development, total new foreign investment in Grenada from 1983 through 1985 was in excess of $11.5 million. Between January 1 and April 30, 1986, 73 investment applications had been submitted to the Industrial Development Corporation for processing, and 41 had been approved. With respect to privatization of state-owned enterprises, of 28 enterprises studied, the government has divested or privatized five and is in the process of selling or leasing 11 more. Of the remainder, seven are undergoing further review and five appear inappropriate for privatization A.I.D.-financed consultants are currently working with the national electrit company, the national commercial bank, two quarries, the gravel and concrete plants, the telephone company and smaller enterprises to assist privatization efforts. The Government of Grenada has decided to divest itself of the 3,500 acres of remaining state-owned farms through the Grenada Model Farms Corporation, which will deed 5-15 acre farms to individual farmers and provide technical assistance to improve farm gate earnings. The long-term lease under which the Ramada Renaissance Hotel operates is also partly the result of the privatization effort. Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance through the Caribbean Regional program in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training: in FY 1986, A.I.D. provided academic and technical training to 236 participants in the following fields of study: agriculture (16); economics (12); education (87); health (3); management/administration (21); industrial arts/trades (23); communications and social science (26); and other fields (48). D. Reprogramming of funds for the Caribbean Regional program during FY 1986 esalted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 soligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: (5000) Total ARON PP HE CS EHRD Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 54,712 10,400 1,700 1,400 SDA ESF 7.100 9.000 25,172 Actual FY 1986 Obligations 49,275 8.900 1,700 1,400 2,700* 9,000 25,575 '10 reduced because funds were obligated through a regional project (598-0640) to implement the Presidential Training initiative for the island Caribbean. i funds and Programs provided to the Caribbean Regional Program through on-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-governmental DA ESE Caribbean Governments $18.454 million (782) $1.112 million ( 42) Total $ 5.246 million (221) $24.463 million (96%) $19.566 million (40%) $29.709 million (60%) 280 281 1113 8. The types of goods associated during FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Grenada (the only Caribbean Regional country which completed such a program in FY 1986) are as follows: Types of Goods Value U.S. Agricultural Products U.S. Raw materials & Chemicals U.S. Machinery Parts and Vehicles U.S. Pharmaceuticals Total $4.0 million $2.1 million $2.5 million $0.4 million $9.0 million C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Grenada was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Grenada for the following uses in FY 1986: Government Salaries and Wages Fisheries Development Road Improvements Housing Repair Program Total $5.4 million $0.1 million $0.3 million $0.2 million $6.0 million D. Reprogramming of funds for the Caribbean Regional program during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation document: (5000) Total ARDN PP HE CS EHRD SDA ESF Estimated FY 1986 obligations 54,772 10,400 1,700 1,400 7,100 9,000 25,172 Actual FY 1986 Obligations 49,275 8,900 1,700 1,400 2,700* 9,000 25,575 *EHRD reduced because funds were obligated through a regional project (598-0640) to implement the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean. E. Funds and Programs provided to the Caribbean Regional Program through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Non-governmental Caribbean Government's DA ESF $18.454 million (78%) $1.112 million ( 4%) $ 5.246 million (22%) $24.463 million (96%) Total $19.566 million (40%) $29.709 million (60%) 281 1114 1115 FY 1988 Progran Development and Support project (538-0000) will require $450,000 for project developæent, evaluations, and studies related to private sector activities. Mission Director: James S. Holtaway A.I.D. proposes $25 million in Economic Support Funds and $21 million in development assistance. The ESF request includes $11.9 million for the Infrastructure Expansion and Maintenance Systems Development project (538-0138). Activities financed will support maintenance, 'agriculture feeder roads, utilities upgrading, and productive facilities such as factory space and industrial estates for private sector expansion. Some $4 million for the Public Management and Policy Planning project (538-0096) will provide assistance in improving governmental activities. A priority is the structural Reform Support project ($8.5 million, 538-0141), to be implemented in conjunction with a multidonor effort under the World Bank-led Tight Consultative Group process, which will support fiscal and budgetary reform. Also, funds are required for Special Development Activities ($300,000, 538-0005) which focuses on high visibility, community level, self-help efforts; and Program Development and Support ($300,000, 538-0000) for project development, evaluations, and studies related to private sector activities. Agriculture. A.I.D. requests $9.543 million to: (1) expand the role of the private sector in farming and agribusiness; (2) improve government policies toward agricultural investment; (3) stimulate technology development and transfer of technology appropriate to the needs of island economies; and (4) strengthen human and institutional capacities required for sustainable agricultural growth. Under the High Impact Agriculture Marketing and Production project ($6.543 million, 538-0140), two new initiatives will help improve government quarantine and pest control procedures and will promote private sector management of agriculture research and extension. The Caribbean Agricultural Extension II project ($1.7 million, 538-0068) will continue improvements in grassroots extension services, and the Eastern Caribbean farm Systems Research and Development project ($980,000, 538-0099) will continue applied research activities. Also, $320,000 is needed for the Program Development and Support project (538-0000) for evaluations and studies in the agricultural sector. Population Planning. Some $1.1 million is proposed, including $1 million to continue the population and Development project (538-0039) and $100.000 for the Program Development and Support project (538-0000) for studies and evaluations. Health. A.1.0. requests $975,000, including $875,000 for the PVOS-OPGs project 7538-9999), and $100,000 for the Program Development and Support project (538-0000) for health sector studies and new project development. Education and Human Resources Development. Some $6.012 million is requested, for continuation of Regional Non-Formal skills Training project (51.7 million, 538-0073); the Regional Development Training II project ($2 million, 538-0087); and the Presidential Training Initiative for the Island Caribbean ($2.2 million, 538-0640). Also, $112.000 is needed for the Program Development and Support project (538-0000) for studies and evaluations. Selected Development Activities. A.I.D. requests $3.37 million for the Investment Promotion and Export Development project ($1.5 million, 538-0119) and the Small Enterprise Assistance project ($1.22 million, 538-0133). Also, the 282 283 1115 Program Development and Support project (538-0000) will require $450,000 for project development, evaluations, and studies related to private sector activities. Mission Director: James S. Holtaway 5 283 1116 1117 SUNNART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TNOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN C 35 535 CARISSEAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L FY OF PY OF INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGN PYSS- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FV87- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS AÖRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION G 2.901 0000-655 2.075 75 C 800 1,229 300 320 360 340 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 1 77 77 6.500 6.210 100 100 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 6,500 6.500 --- --- --- --- --- --- 80 1.551 1.696 .. 55 -- 1.351 1.551 CS 5.000 30 --- --- --- 3,723 L --- 1.000 1.000 S35-0057 AGRIBUSINESS EXPANSION 6.000 6.000 28 G 30 5.930 4.947 1.280 746 1.600 1,750 1,700 11.000 11.000 9 28 28 225 ... 61 ... 66 41 --- 79 225 225 --- -0. 0800-955 28 26 1.250 539 -0 1 --- 362 311 32 1.250 4.000 CARI OSEAN AGRICULTURAL TRADING CO. --- --- --- ... 1,200 1,200 83 OSS 2 3.550 2.358 1.320 1,523 1.623 1.700 1.560 006 7.350 --- 337 oss --- 116 --- 75 --- --- 1 --- --- 95 --- $6 260 1,200 100 4.000 CARRO.DAN LATIN ARCAICA 3. CARIS. EAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITL! PY OF YOP INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OOLT LOP PLANNID AUTNO -THROUGN PYO- OBLIG- OPEN- 4TIONS DITUROS -NOX -ACTUAL OBLIS- ATIONS axa - -OSTIMATEO TO7- OLIO- ATTONS OITURES -PROPOSIO V..- OLIO- EXPEN- AT TONS OI TUROS OITURES 2 so 1.500 Soo SB . 86 1.790 1.750 9.943 21.41 . 10.045 ..900 5.192 32.97 10.636 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 76.916 72.366 9.363 . 13.60 8.155 6.730 10.049 2.901 2.238 462 POPULATION PLANNING ! 150 100 100 IS 100 110 386 --- 75 C 1.000 900 1.000 600 239 20 68 6.265 6.665 --- JSO 201 413 296 962 OPT 1.461 1. 100 700 1.100 440 2.737 1.700 4.0 0 700 1.461 1.100 1.100 GRANTS LOANS 100 OC 56 100 100 200 $15 NEALTN .25 75 c 6 300 --- 252 2. SSS --- --- so 2.305 2.505 G 79 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE AND TRNG --- 123 --- 250 250 osa 530-0010 533-0017 CARIBIEAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION 538-0068 CARISBEAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION II 533-0030 CARIIBEAN AGRICULTURAL TRADING CO. 2.300 7 S8 S8 533-006 L CARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES 2.300 2.300 533-0099 E. CARIBOLAN PARM SYSTENS RESCN I DEV 533-0112 ANTIGUA LIVESTOCK IMPROVEMENT PROJECT 530 530 2 35 85 538-01 36 NATIONAL DEVELOPNENT OUNDATION ASSIST. 260 260 5,250 536-0140 AIGN INPACT AGRIC. MARKETING AND ROD. 40.000 30.900 39-0147 INTEGRATED AG OP: 16.667 11.469 8.900 GRANTS 62.566 53.766 16.00 11.800 16.050 10.472 LOANS 538-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 3.626 2.001 1.061 533-0039 POPULATION AND DEVELOPNENT 533-0116 PANILY PLANNING TEC TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.227 5.627 1.700 2.737 SJ-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 538-0027 533-0111 G CARISDEAN EYE CARE (OPS) " Rody defort i AN 1117 SURNART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CⓇ 88 GU2 LAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL 536 -PROPOSED FY88 OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLI:- EXPON ATIONS DITURES -THROUGM FY35- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 500 250 809 1.500 3 3586 1.750 1.750 533-0147 INTEGRATED AG OP: 15,546 543 10,656 10.045 5.192 8.900 21.941 32.497 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 78,916 72.566 13. 698 9,543 8.155 10.045 6.730 8.900 11,469 16,467 -0. 2.238 GRANTS 2.501 --- 462 ... 62.866 $3.766 16.050 18,800 16.050 10.472 LOANS 100 100 100 150 POPULATION PLANNING --- 110 431 386 . 75 с 538-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 1.000 1.000 900 600 239 1.041 2.001 3.624 82 89 6.265 4,665 --- --- 533-0039 G POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT 411 --- 201 413 350 533-0116 3 FANILY PLANNING IEC - OPS 962 962 1.100 1.100 700 1.461 2.737 1.700 4.468 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 7.227 5.627 1. 100 1.100 1.461 700 640 2.737 1.700 --- --- GRANTS 7.227 5.627 --- --- --- LOANS 100 100 130 95 94 200 825 515 G 75 C 252 --- --- 300 --- 1.949 2.595 G 7985 SPIDERIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE AND TRNS 2.535 2. SBS --- --- --- 123 9 --- 110 250 G 83 83 CARIBBEAN EYE CARE (OPO) HEALTH S3B-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 538-0027 533-0111 250 250 285 'Roten to the plannedy Curl dolore NY of the bon co-pratiche initiation de retom Decor 11.10 Podjoh IndoDec 31, FY final lition is dependente 1118 BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 33 CARIDJEAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LPY OP PY OF I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG 91100 LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91160 C. 88 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 84 -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 400 . 538-0120 GRENADA SLINDNESS PREVENTION 533-0134 REGIONAL PHARMACEUTICALS VANAGERENT So 87 400 400 3.500 3,500 100 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 193 2.800 102 650 --- 695 -0. CS 533-014 PROJECT HOPE - 01: S 006 28 98 --- 1.600 1.000 OSS ... . 550 C SJ8-9999 6 78 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPS's 1.050 --- --- 550 --- 600 875 600 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 8.335 7.285 6,860 2,682 1.400 980 GRANTS 1.200 2.070 8,335 7,285 0989 975 LOANS 2.682 2.552 1.400 088 O. 1.200 --- 2.070 975 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 2.552 --- . --- 75 533-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT с 945 659 100 295 98 . 3 90 531-0014 CARISIEAN REGIONAL DEV TRAINING 70 85 112 100 6.000 6.000 6.000 3.723 --- --- 277 7 331-0029 CARIBBEAN EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 83 --- --- 9.958 9.950 9.996 9,803 ... --- --- 155 --- 06 531-0030 79 BASIC MUNAN NEEDS ENPLOYMENT SECTOR 6.000 6.000 6.000 3,887 --- 113 --- 5 28 88 --- 833-0073 REGIONAL NON-PORNAL SKILLS TRAINING 5.772 1,072 6,072 1.133 --- 1.000 1.709 2,000 266 0 A .07 -ACTUAL -TOROUON POS- OOLIG-PON- ATIONS OITURES - 11.0 OPIN OITURES ATIONS -1100 SNOTA NOON. OTTUSOS OITURES 2.000 1. Soo 1.900 1.700 2.000 2.00-15 1.100 1.100 1.000 1.000 69-533 0 - 87 - 36 NO CAROSLAN OTONAL PODJECT NO. PY OP ANO TITLE LO INITIAL PENAL PLANNED OILIG BOLIG AUTHO 13 22.000 DEVELOPMENT TRAINING REGIONAL S. DOO II 30-014. .7 2.100 REGIONAL MANAGEMENT 2.700 PROJECT 1.600 CARIBBEAN TRAINING OP 1.600 538-0440 6 $7 50 6.200 6.200 PTIC .°"; " S TOO 900 20 1.600 0910-08S 2. 200 1.500 2.000 --- 6.000 6.633 6.012 1.960 609 26.463 2.700 20.705 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 53.630 37.330 7.80 6.635 6.012 609 26.463 2.700 20.705 55.630 37.530 1119 GRANTS --- --- LOANS OS SSO OS 300 3.057 2.314 oos SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 335-0000 3 75 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT C 252 250 .15 252 1.311 2.150 75 C 132 --- sriciaL DEVELOPNENT ACTIÜSTit's 1.676 1.676 1.566 32 3 76 2 --- --- --- --- ... 122 1.250 1.400 1. 400 1.400 :3 79 6 --- --- --- 725 --- 25 180 8.400 6.370 8.400 1.400 7 79 SOLOTRENTINVESTMENT SVE ENERGT systeis S000- 335-0013 EMOLOTRENT, INVESTSENT PROMOTION 1 536-0018 EMPLOYMENT INVESTNENT PRONOTION 11 538-0018 PROMOTION II 335-0032 ALTERNATIV --- --- --- --- 1.571 6.939 5,323 6.939 1.600 79 287 n, CU 1119 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLAS) CP 88 BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN CARIOJEAN REGIONAL -PROPOSED FYBB OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY97- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES SJI -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -TNROUGN 985- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PY OP FY OP LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED 6 OBLIG OBLIG AUTNO 2.000 2.000 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1.700 1.500 29! 69-533 0 - 3.488 1.300 1.100 DOO 89 22.000 5.000 1.100 1.000 --- 1.000 536-0087 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING 11 533-0148 G REGIONAL MANAGEMENT TRG PILOT PROJECT 87 2.100 2.700 780 300 1.600 20 2.200 2.000 1.600 1.600 6.000 --- --- 1,500 87 - 331-0160 6 CARIWILAN TRAINING • OPG --- 6 $7 6, 200 6200 6.012 7.980 6,633 36 609 26,463 6.012 7.980 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 55.630 37.530 6.696 6.635 2.700 609 20.705 --- OOO --- --- LOANS 450 550 300 450 536 Soo 3.057 2.314 75 --- 252 250 415 252 2.150 1.311 ... --- --- C 132 : 75 SPECIAL DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 1.676 1,344 82 76 1.676 1.676 533-0013 ENILOYMENT INVESTYENT PROMOTION 1 --- 28 --- --- 122 1.400 1.250 79 83 1.400 1.400 G 25 --- 725 --- --- 180 8.400 6.570 79 83 8.400 8.400 --- ... --- --- --- 1.571 6.939 5,323 3 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SYSTENS 538-0640 PIIC 2.700 20.705 26.463 GRANTS 55.630 37.530 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 538-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 531-0005 3 538-0018 EMPLOYMENT INVESTMENT PROMOTION II 538-0018 EMPLOYMENT INVESTMENT PROMOTION II $33-0032 6.939 7. 600 287 on therland 1123 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUZEAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 533 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF PY OF I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS VITURES 7.500 CUMBERLAND NYDRO ELECTRIC 533-0096 5 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT POLICY PLANNING -PROPOSED FY!:- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1,500 7.500 12.000 8.000 638 1.812 3,500 300 2.500 1.700 2.479 2.550 2. BOO 3,500 6.000 G 5.721 83 3.225 3.225 3,225 1.575 1.077 L 83 33 274 6,625 6,625 6.625 299 674 ... 2.447 --- 6 3.000 ST. VINCENT AGRICULTURAL DEVEL PROGRAM 2.000 2.000 2.000 504 407 --- 1,351 --- --- --- 242 89 13,300 12.700 12.700 842 6.750 84 5 ST. KITTS/NEVIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 35 3.000 --- 1.300 2.000 1.500 6.000 1 570 --- 529 99 400 6 INVESTMENT PRON AND EXPORT DEVEL. 2.800 1,500 --- --- 1.500 --- 1.300 1.500 --- 1122 G 1.000 5.000 5.000 --- --- 5.000 1.911 --- 3.089 --- 6 35 35 6.700 6.700 6.700 6 SO 3,305 --- 745 800 --- --- --- --- 85 90 SNALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 533-0137 6 85 97 ST LUCIA GEOTHERMAL OD --- --- 300 300 4.000 3.000 1.500 500 1.300 111 1.000 1.500 36 91 --- 24.000 26.000 --- 2.389 --- 1.200 160 5.100 1.400 5.000 3.DO 290 AND TITL - : - TROVO -.- OLIG SPON ATIONS OITURES PLANNED AUTHO IS DEO O BELI ROB OPEN DITU. 6.00 6. SOO 2.000 ..900 3.ODO 2.ODO 86 --- 1,500 1.500 1.300 2.603 2.603 36 2.603 2.603 33.836 91.991 25.000 25.575 38.27 19. 200 33.933 32.780 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 183.758 155.129 13.100 26,736 29.280 6.900 9.054 --- 7.500 46.000 75,551 110.460 49,275 56,223 62.109 65.834 217.913 COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 411.402 50.108 57.336 39.100 --- 15.726 6.900 17.717 538-0091 538-0098 ANTIGUA ATER SUPPLY 538-0098 ANTIGUA WATER SUPPLY 331-0101 533-0103 BASIC NEEDS TRUST PUND 533-0108 530-0119 533-0129 ÖRENADA INFRASTRUCTURE RENABILITATION 535-01 30 DONINICA ELECTRIC 533-0133 533-0138 2 IMPRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION SAINT SYSTENS OSLI itu. 16.000 16.000 1.00 15.000 38-01 36 L EXPANSION AINTS 335-0141 67 STRUCTURAL RIPOL SUPPORT 533-0190 So ECONONIC SUPPORT GRANT III 538-01 86 . 6 GRENADA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 6.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 2.00 4.000 6.000 538-0157 boniNICA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMEN; 53-0010 . 34 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 73.566 32.621 23.775 34.020 19.200 GRANTS 169.633 121.004 36.125 36.125 18.125 4.259 1.800 1.312 LOANS 88.306 47.475 48,672 42.100 152.333 GRANTS 5.551 22.174 1.800 329.792 260.574 81.510 94.360 65.610 LOANS 291 "Rotondet Coffort -AN motor 31,Y 1123 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 80 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL -PROPOSED FYI8- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY37- JOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 535 -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES L PY OF PY OP I INITIAL FINAL G OBLI BOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD PROJECT NO. ANS TITLE 6900 6.000 1,300 91 86 --- .. 16.000 16.000 5.000 8.500 2.000 6,500 15.000 87 --- 4.000 6.000 3. 533-0150 3 ECONONIC SUPPORT GRANT III 4.000 6.000 2.000 . --- --- --- 4.000 2,055 35 4.000 4.000 --- --- --- --- --- 1.500 1.500 86 1.500 --- 2.503 20. 2.603 - 36 2.603 2.603 25.000 33,938 32.780 19,200 39,279 25.575 33.933 91.991 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 133.756 155.129 26,784 13,100 46.000 65.834 62.105 54.223 49,275 110,480 217,13 411, 452 291 thuthorised on 538-01 38 INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION SAINT SYSTEMS 533-5161 G STRUCTURAL REPOR: SUPPORT 533-01 56 8 GRENADA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 533-0157 DOMINICA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTNENT 543-0010 3 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 25,280 19.250 34,020 23.775 32.521 73,866 9,056 6.900 7,500 GRANTS 147,633 121,004 34,125 34.125 4,259 1.800 1.312 18.125 LOANS 75.551 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 39.100 57,334 50.103 42.100 48,672 47.475 88.306 152.333 17.717 6.900 15.726 GRANTS 329.792 260.574 81.510 96,360 9,551 1,800 22.174 65.610 LOANS "Ratons to the planned promet Curd of other PY- Ara to the initial oilor Pedro de 31, the FY find er 31, 1120 1121 536 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CARIBBEAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF PY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD 9118C -THROUGN FYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 88 9 -ACTUAL P786- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 87 -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3.800 3.500 2.500 61 PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT 6 82 SARIADOS PRIVATE INITIATIVES IN MOUSING 2.500 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS 31 TURES 300 282 86 SOO 425 425 500 275 235 518 150 533-0084 25 --- 165 CARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVícesos 85 400 --- 009 400 15 --- 21 L 83 CARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES 85 150 11.035 11.035 11.035 3,420 --- --- 214 533-0088 INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT --- --- --- --- 12.000 12.000 3.000 12.000 009 3.000 630 -0. 2.900 -- 6 82 85 INTERAGENCY RESIDENT MISSION 2.500 676 676 676 380 9 --- 531-0102 CARI IAEAN MARKETING ASSISTANCE (OPS) S6 S6 -- 300 390 390 335 --- 47 --- 296 --- INVESTMENT PRON AND EXPORT DEVEL. 17,200 8.500 --- 4.176 2,125 4.000 2.000 2.500 SMLL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPUENT so 99 1.700 3.000 12.400 10.000 --- 2.900 307 85 86 1.457 2.000 535 535 300 1,220 60 3.000 235 270 --- 120 S8 S8 so 260 260 260 --- --- --- -- 165 --- 95 280 0 A INAL OLIG LANNIO AUTO -THROUGH VO- OBLIG-ON- AVIONS OITURES -ACTUAL OLI- ATIONS DITURE TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.462 .OOO 217 1.17 24.199 16.092 7. 9.000 ..237 GRANTS 6.907 1.370 ..010 LOANS 10.3.0 5.725 ..425 31.433 3 E: ONONIC SUPORT PUND --- SO 603 97 --- YXXX-os LOCAL COST SUPPORT 387 295 290 300 672 300 362 75 S92 . c OGS 500 275 1.049 524 OC SOU 303 C :: --- 200 200 OCS 1.010 1.500 CL 9 22 07 2.000 1.500 ACCELERATED PRIVATE SECTOR ASSISTANCE 7 16.900 10.100 --- --- 16.900 16.900 --- --- SS 276 2.076 12.30 82 DOMINICA ROAD RENABILITIATION 533-0082 14.680 16,650 26 95 0599 CTURė --- 24 --- --- 285 1.261 1.750 32 1.750 1.750 REHABILITATION 2.000 2.000 6.000 --- 7 33 4.000 4.000 300 L 03 CARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES 533-0089 NCT INTERAGENCY RESIDENT MISSION 300 SS SS 300 1.476 --- 623 2.105 1.395 3.243 9.500 0050 83 . 500 St. Lucia AGRIC STRUCTUR * JUSTMENT TURAL 236 --- 200 --- --- 005 oos . 005 CUNG ERLAND MYORO ELECTRIC 533-0043 ASST PROSRAN 538-0081 SERVICES 531-0084 533-0089 531-0119 335-0133 S610-655 6 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL CREDIT UNION DEVEL II 538-01 36 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POUNDATION ASSIST. ROIONAL OUROU CARIO..AN PRECTO AND TOTL 20 A FO INITIAL OLIO 533-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 533-0005 6 75 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 338-0060 539-0076 PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCT RENALILITATION 539-0083 SANANA INDUSTRY 533-0084 535-0090 538-0091 289 motornih Coon Vook ch 3. AN 1121 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL 539 -PROPOSED PYB8- OOLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL P996- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LPT OP FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 09LIG OOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 3,370 16,435 8.923 12,232 6,257 9.000 23,482 55.636 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 77.536 66,797 3.370 3.010 6.507 6257 7.993 9.000 18.092 26.199 6,425 GRANTS 830 5.725 46 101 35,362 31.435 31.435 31,435 10,390 LOANS --- --- 605 E: ONONIC SUPPORT FUND 605 --- --- - .. --- 37 37 605 300 300 53?-XXXX LOCAL COST SUPPORT 290 295 387 472 592 SOZ a 75 C 533-0005 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 390 500 275 303 508 330 524 1.049 c 533-0005 6 75 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES --- 230 200 619 SO --- 1.010 1.500 82 2.000 1.500 333-3060 G ACCELERATED PRIVATE SECTOR ASSISTANCE --- 7 .. 6,793 16,000 10.100 82 16,900 16.900 .. 533-0076 DOMINICA ROAD REHABILITIATION --- 274 2,076 --- 12.303 16,650 92 35 16,650 16.650 --- ... 24 235 1.750 1.241 32 G 32 BANANA INDUSTRY REHABILITATION 1.750 1.750 --- 2.000 2.000 4.000 33 533-0084 L 83 CARIBBEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES 4.000 6.000 --- --- ... --- ... --- --- --- --- --- 300 --- --- --- 300 $5 300 1.676 1.395 623 2.105 3,243 DO 9.500 33 93 9.500 9.500 --- --- 200 236 ... 66 500 538-0091 CUMS ERLAND MYORO ELECTRIC 533-0032 PRODUCTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE RENABILITATION 535-0033 533-0089 3 35 INTERAGENCY RESIDENT MISSION 533-0090 3 ST. LUCI AGRIC STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 500 500 'Rotona to pred pray 289 Cold on " Yonchen-Alcoh this colonihan data botone Doc 31,1 bed on the throne Poration De 31.109 FY al final tation to 1123 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS) BURLAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIOSLAN CP 88 538 CARIBBEAN REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITL! LFY OF PT OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD THROUGN FYS- OILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91100 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PYO- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS --- 84 --- 200 7.500 1 1.812 638 2.500 2.550 538-0091 CUMBERLAND NI DRO ELECTRIC 533-0096 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT POLICY PLANNING 7.500 7.500 12.000 8.000 3.500 300 1.700 2.479 2.800 3.500 9 4.000 5.721 G 83 83 --- 3,225 1.575 1.077 --- 276 299 538-0098 ANTIGUA WATER SUPPLY 3.225 3.225 --- --- L 8333 6,625 674 2.447 3.000 504 538-0098 ANTIGUA WATER SUPPLY 6,625 6625 --- --- 2.000 407 1.351 --- 242 --- --- 531-0101 G ST. VINCENT AGRICULTURAL DEVEL PROGRAM 2.000 2.000 ... 12.700 842 78 ... 4,756 . 3.000 --- 4.000 539-0103 JASIC NEEDS TRUST PUND 15. 300 12.700 84 9 S8 1.500 1 --- --- 570 529 400 --- 1.500 2.000 533-0108 ST. KITTS/NEVIS RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1122 39 --- --- 1.500 --- 1.300 1,500 --- 1.000 531-0119 G INVESTMENT PRON AND EXPORT DEVEL. 2.800 1.500 99 6 . ... --- --- 3,089 --- 5.000 --- 90 1.911 531-0129 RENADA INFRASTRUCTURE RENABILITATION 5.000 5.000 6 9 35 SS 6.700 650 --- 3,305 745 6.700 6.700 --- 533-01 30 DONINICA ELECTRIC 300 . 06 000 800 300 --- 533-0133 85 SKALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT G 65 87 2.319 1.500 1,500 1.000 1.500 538-01 37 ST LUCIA GEOTHERMAL 4.000 3.000 --- 1.200 1.400 --- 160 36 91 5.100 5.000 3. DO 26.000 24.000 531-0130 3 IMPRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION NAINT SYSTEMS 290 POR LAI AREICA ANO CARI...A AVINO SEG 2.OSONAL - CARIOLAN PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PY OF PY0r INITIAL FINAL OOLIO -THROUGFY- DILIG- EXPON- ATIONS OITURES LOP PLANNES AUTNO -NIX -ACTUAL Y..- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI Tues -ESTITATI P.7- OLIG- ATIONS OITURES -NIAIS Saunala -PROPoseo F..- OOLI- ATIONS CI 1.0 1.300 6.00 6.000 91 16.000 16.000 6.900 --- 2.000 ..500 Ooo. 13.000 9 87 338-01 38 INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION JAINT SYSTENS 533-0141 STRUCTURAL REPOR. SUPPORT 533-0150 3 ECONONIC SUPPORT GRANT III CE 000 6.000 --- os 6.000 6,000 4.000 2.00 2.000 SP 4.000 6.000 533-01 56 GRENADA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 533-0157 66 DOMINICA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 1.500 1.500 1.300 98 2.503 2.603 --- 543-0010 8 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 2.603 2.603 25.000 32.780 33.030 25.575 19.200 36.279 33.933 16616 183.750 195.129 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 25.280 13.100 26.7.6 23.775 19.250 32.621 34.020 73.166 7.500 6.900 9.096 GRANTS 4,259 1.800 149.633 121.004 34,125 34.125 10.125 1.312 LOANS 42.100 66.000 65.834 75.551 54,223 110.410 49,275 217.913 411.452 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 48.672 62.100 50.105 39.100 47.475 57.336 80.306 152303 15.726 17.717 6.900 SRANTS 5.551 1.800 329.792 260.574 $1.510 $4.360 22.174 65.610 LOANS 291 new it on cotton December 31, horse Roodet derfor 1123 SUNRARY OⓇ ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN CARIBBEAN REGIONAL PROPOSED FY88- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 539 -ACTUAL FY86- OOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN PY85- OILIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES LFY OP PY OF LOP | INITIAL PINAL PLANNES G OOLIS OBLIG AUTHD PROJECT NO. AN TITLE 6.900 6.000 1.900 --- 36 16.000 16.000 5.000 8.500 2.000 6.500 --- --- --- 15.000 89 87 - --- 4.000 6.000 --- --- --- 3. 6.000 6.000 : GRANT III 2.000 6.000 2.003 35 4.000 6.000 . --- 1.500 1,500 86 1.500 --- --- --- --- 200 2.503 2.603 2.603 2.603 33.338 25.000 32.780 19.200 33,279 25.575 33.933 91.991 133.758 155.129 13,100 26,734 19,250 25,280 36,020 23.775 32.621 73,366 6.900 9,054 7,500 46.000 65,834 62.109 56,223 49,275 110.480 217,913 COJNTRY TOTAL 611,402 364,934 57,334 291 538-01 38 L INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION SAINT SYSTEOS 533-5161 G STRUCTURAL REPORN SUPPORT 533-0150 SCONONIC SUPPORT 533-0156 0 GRENADA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 33B-0157 S 86 DOMINICA STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT 943-0010 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT GRANTS 1.800 4,259 147,633 121.004 34,125 36.125 1.312 16.125 LOANS 75,551 TOTAL 39.100 50.103 42.100 48,672 47, 475 88.306 152.333 6,900 17,717 15.726 GRANTS 329,792 260.574 81.510 96,360 5,551 1.800 22.174 55.610 LOANS 'Reton to the planned program Curd doort PY - All prica in the combineeton De led precision 31, 10th FY al finaletion on d 1125 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 543 GRENADA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OR FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND CP 89 -THROUGN PYOS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY98- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . 84 OS 1.596 1.596 1.596 981 17 436 95 --- 966 956 996 G FREE LASJR DEVELOPMENT (AIFLD) 543-0003 195 261 . OLS SE 3.805 3.605 --- --- --- --- 3.605 1.111 579 --- --- ... --- ... 1,915 G 36 1.964 1.964 1.964 681 332 --- --- --- 51 24 POINT SALINES AIRPORT 19.000 1.000 19.000 15,360 --- 3.467 173 85 6.400 6.400 6.400 1.540 ... 2.941 --- --- --- 1.619 oos 005 500 241 --- 134 75 -- --- --- --- --- 95 ... ... ... -.. --- 1899 1124 8,681 8681 5.003 --- 3,214 . : PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 974 874 874 136 251 487 9 35 300 300 300 74 --- 91 135 . ECONONIC SUPPORT STRUCTURE SG 35 3.000 3.000 --- --- 3.000 1.500 COS --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 47,086 98999 27.122 12.999 6,765 27.122 12,999 543-0000 PROG DEVELOP AND SUPPORT 543-0002 INMEDIATE MEALTH CARE 543-0005 AGRICULTURE SECTOR REVITALIZATION 9000-595 543-0008 G INFRASTRUCTURE EXPANSION 543-0059 3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING 543-0010 3 RELIEF AND RECONSTRUCTION 543-0013 943-001 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND 943-0316 GRANTS 47,086 46.036 46.836 LOANS --- 6.765 --- 292 PAS . e n.no Arc POOJECT ANO TITLE monoMA- . FINAL OSLIO PLANNED AUTHO OLIO-RPEN- ATIONS OTTURG TUBES DITUSES TORS COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 27.122 6.765 47.00 .6.03 900 GRANTS 27.122 12.99 6.765 46.686 LOANS 293 ce", the dolore ADAP PAJ ro 1125 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BURLAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARISSEAN GRENADA CP 88 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF FY ON 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OSLOS OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- OOLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES PROPOSED PY88 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES COUNTRY TOTAL --- 12.999 ... 6,763 --- DOO 12.999 6,765 LOANS 000 TOTAL 46.886 27,122 47.086 46,836 GRANTS 66.286 27.122 47.086 46,886 'note that promo 293 of tort we PY al final con colonn - A prethohem with white blonde fora December 31, 1903 we bed on the authorind dote da im hodom do Deco 31, 1000th FY follow me on 1127 NEW Caribbean Regional PWNED MOGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RON Maarth moro ED OLLIGATION Sovra Private and Voluntary Organizations (la do Operational Program Grants 875 FY We a ropa Funding 875 88 Population ED.HR 538-9999 Continuing IS. Act Inidd 0812 Estimated Find Odlution Comedon Dua of Promo GRANT LOAN I COMITINUS FY 78 FY Cont coming FY Continuing Purpose: To strengthen the capacity and mobilize the expertise Beneficiaries: Immediate beneficiaries will be the urban and of both u.s. and local private and voluntary organizations rural poor, particularly women and children in need of health (PVO) in development programs. services. The entire population will benefit from reductions in the incidence of preventable diseases. Project Description: Public health services have deteriorated in recent years as Caribbean governments face reductions in Me for Outputs: All Years budgets, increased saintenance and operational costs, and the exodus of skilled staff. Fortunately, PVOs are responding to Reduced costs in pharmaceuticals X government encouragement of greater private sector involvement to the poor in the provision of health care. Reduced Infant mortality rates X Under the proposed project, small grants will be made to private sector institutions for new initiatives in health Increased Immunization rates X care. Activities are likely to include: (1) sball clinics located in economically depressed areas; (2) health and A.I.D. Financed Inputs: Life of Protect nutrition education campaigns, with particular emphasis on (3000) maternal/child health and infant survival; and (3) community pharmacies, to provide health aids at reasonable cost, and Health Activities 875 ecourage greater utilization of generic drugs. 1126 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project is consistent with the A.1.D. strategies to: (1) arrest the deterioration in the provision of social services; and (2) to increase the involvement of the private sector. Host Country and Other Donors: Caribbean governments are encouraging the involvement of PVOs in the delivery of social services. A.I.D. never funds more than 75% of project costs. The remainder is covered by PVOs themselves, and in some cases by local government grante. U. & FINANCING (la thousands of dollen! Oblation Prince Contractor or A et commentar 1990 1982 For YOONES Continuin: 294 Continu in Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, hropod Fiscal Y 19AA AD 3707 (11-08) Overview of South American Activities 295 1127 Overview of South American Activities 295 1128 1129 SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA Overview Category 1988 Development Assistance Loon Grant PROGRAM SUMMARY (0000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actuel) (Estimated) 69,654 50,941 15,353 1,100 54,301 49,841 FY (Request 53,800 2,000 51,800 Economic Support Fund 48,748 44,652 21 57,000 Loen 0 0 Grant 48,748 44,652 57,000 Other 338 1 TOTALS 118,740 31 95,593 110,800 P.L. 480 64,656 56,988 47,066 Title 1 45,000 4/ 40,000 47 30,000 4/ Tide II 19,656 16,988 17,066 TOTALS 183,396 152,581 157,866 Footnotes: 1/ International Disaster Assistance 21 The above total for ESF includes $805,000 in local cost support. 3/ The total includes reobligations of $12,013,800 deobligated in FY 1985 and $12,100,500 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $24, 114,300 in FY 1986. 4/ Includes Title III level of $20 million in each fiscal year, 1986, 1987, 1988. Important U.S. Interests are at risk in the Andes. Despite an additional year of democratic, constitutional government in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, the political stability of all three countries is threatened by severe and worsening poverty, high debt levels and illicit narcotics. Ecuador and Peru are also plagued by terrorism and armed opposition. The short-term outlook for all is worrisome. The inability of the governments to cope with these nenaces could bring a return of anti-democratic, authoritarian rule. In the most extreme case of Peru, Soviet penetration, combined with violent and deadly leftist extremism, could lead to a shift in Peru's traditionally pro-western orientation and imper11 U.S. strategic interests. The Andean democracies are now favorably oriented towards western democratic values. These countries are important to the United States because of their geographic location, their natural resources, their leadership role in Latin America and their participation in the fight against illegal drugs. The United States is one of their largest trading partners and sources of foreign investment. Each of these countries suffered serious economic downturns in the early 1980s as a result of (a) weakened demand for primary mineral and agricultural exports, (b) devastating floods and drought, (c) rising interest rates on external debt, and (d) inappropriate economic policies. By 1985, per capita income in Peru and Bolivia had fallen to the levels of the 1960s. The responses to these economic challenges have varied. Bolivia has implemented a courageous reform program, but short term prospects are not favorable without continued outside help. The market-oriented, private sector approach of the Ecuadorian Government has helped offset declining revenues due to a major drop in oil prices by cutting public sector programs and subsidies. But the drop in export income severely damaged the country's long term prospects. Although the Peruvian economy grew at a rate of 6% in 1986, the country has failed to adjust to significant changes In international economic relationships, and major reforms are still required to provide a foundation for sustained economic growth over the long tera. Export diversification is needed in all three countries to provide foreign exchange to finance productive imports and to service the debt. The impact of these changes has been positive in all three Andean countries. Peru was able to increase employment and reduce inflation, Ecuador weathered an extreme decline in earnings from oil exports, and Bolivia throttled the world's worst inflation. U.S. assistance was used effectively in each of these countries to provide needed resources along with crucial technical assistance to help sustain incomes while necessary policy reforms were carried out. Nonetheless, the three countries are in transition; each remains in a fragile economic situation and requires continuing support and sufficient time to complete the adjustment process. 296 297 1129 SOUTH AMERICA Overview ||1994 Important U.S. interests are at risk in the Andes. Despite an additional year of democratic, constitutional government in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, the political stability of all three countries is threatened by severe and worsening poverty, high debt levels and 1111c1t narcotics. Ecuador and Peru are also plagued by terrorism and armed opposition. The short-term outlook for all is worri some. The inability of the governments to cope with these menaces could bring a return of anti-democratic, authoritarian rule. In the most extreme case of Peru, Soviet penetration, combined with violent and deadly leftist extremism, could lead to a shift in Peru's traditionally pro-western orientation and imperil U.S. strategic interests. The Andean democracies are now favorably oriented towards western democratic values. These countries are important to the United States because of their geographic location, their natural resources, their leadership role in Latin America and their participation in the fight against illegal drugs. The United States is one of their largest trading partners and sources of foreign investment. Each of these countries suffered serious economic downturns in the early 1980s as a result of (a) weakened demand for primary mineral and agricultural exports, (b) devastating floods and drought, (c) rising interest rates on external debt, and (d) inappropriate economic policies. By 1985, per capita income in Peru and Bolivia had fallen to the levels of the 1960s. The responses to these economic challenges have varied. Bolivia has implemented a courageous reform program, but short term prospects are not favorable without continued outside help. The market-oriented, private sector approach of the Ecuadorian Government has helped offset declining revenues due to a major drop in oil prices by cutting public sector programs and subsidies. But the drop in export Income severely damaged the country's long term prospects. Although the Peruvian economy grew at a rate of 6% in 1986, the country has failed to adjust to significant changes in international economic relationships, and major reforms are still required to provide a foundation for sustained economic growth over the long term. Export diversification is needed in all three countries to. provide foreign exchange to finance productive imports and to service the debt. The impact of these changes has been positive in all three Andean countries. Peru was able to increase employment and reduce inflation, Ecuador weathered an extreme decline in earnings from oil exports, and Bolivia throttled the world's worst inflation. U.S. assistance was used effectively in each of these countries to provide needed resources along with crucial technical assistance to help sustain incomes while necessary policy reforms were carried out. Nonetheless, the three countries are in transition; each remains in a fragile economic situation and requires continuing support and sufficient time to complete the adjustment process. 297 1130 1131 A.1.D. is requesting $53.8 aillion for the DA program, which will give high priority to new efforts to improve agricultural production and marketing, promote the role of the private sector in econonic development, and expand the provision of health services to the poorer segments of the population. So ESF and DA resources will be complemented by $30 million in P.L. 480 Title 1/III resources to ease the balance-of-payments deficit and promote economic policy reforms, particularly in the agricultural sector. A.I.D. also proposes to provide $17.1 million in title II resources for child feeding and MCH programs in the region. The rise of terrorism in Peru and to a lesser extent in Ecuador threatens these fragile democracies. In Bolivia the strength of narcotics traffickers threatens the continued independence and integrity of the Bolivian Government. Throughout the region armed narcotics traffickers have the potential of threatening legitimate authority through their control of remote territory, their growing involvement in the informal economy and their increasing ties to insurgent organizations. U.S. Support for continued economic improvement and the encouragement of democratic institutions in the region helps preclude popular unrest and the return to non-democratic military governments which, until recently, were predominant in these countries. Extreme poverty is pervasive throughout the Andean region. Per capita GDP in Bolivia is hardly $500 per year, and skewed income distribution is a major problem in Ecuador and Peru. The provision of health services has not kept up with the growing population, which is increasing at a rate of over 2.5% in the region. The infant mortality rate exceeds 120 per 1000 in Bolivia. Each of the three countries needs to accelerate its efforts to provide basic immunization and other preventive services to reduce high rates of infant mortality. Malnutrition and hunger are also continuing problems in the Andean countries. In addition, illiteracy continues as a major problem, and declining government revenues in all three countries reduces their ability to address this fundamental development problem. Our objectives in the region are to: Our objectives in South America complement A.I.D. strategy worldwide by emphasizing private sector participation in the development process, encouragtng greater reliance on market forces and competition as promoters of economic efficiency, and attacking illegal drug production at its source. --- halt economic decline and achieve positive annual economic growth rates by 1987; expand the role and participation of the private sector in economic development; increase agricultural production for domestic consumption and agroindustrial exports; improve health status and conditions of the region, especially to promote child survival; ensure control of narcotics production through alternative income and narcotics awareness efforts and better interdiction; expand participation of low-income groups in the benefits of economic growth; and strengthen democratic institutions, including the judicial systems. FY 1988 Program Highlights A.I.D. is requesting $57 million of ESF assistance for Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru to support these countries' economic policy reforms and help finance narcotics control activities. 298 299 1131 A.I.D. is requesting $53.8 million for the DA program, which will give high priority to new efforts to improve agricultural production and marketing, promote the role of the private sector in economic development, and expand the provision of health services to the poorer segments of the population. ESF and DA resources will be complemented by $30 million in P.L. 480 Title I/III resources to ease the balance-of-payments deficit and promote economic policy reforms, particularly in the agricultural sector. A.1.0. also proposes to provide $17.1 million in Title II resources for child feeding and MCH programs in the region. Our objectives in South America complement A.I.D. strategy worldwide by emphasizing private sector participation in the development process, encouraging greater reliance on market forces and competition as promoters of economic efficiency, and attacking illegal drug production at its source. ten . 299 1133 Bolivia 1132 301 MILLIONS US Foo AS OF TOTAL EMPORTS CIDO SD 100) AWAL RATE OF INFLATION (1073-54) 54.5% MAJOR IMPORTS 1004 ) FOOD STUFFS .CMENECALS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW .CAPITAL GOOS 20% OF POPULATION..(1970) 4.ok IMPORTS FROM U.S ( MILLIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS US. SII) (1083 19AO 132 (1900) AS X OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1962) TOTAL 53.0 41X (1903) 36X 1984) sox MALE $1.2 FEMALE $4. (1970) TOTAL 46.3 MALE 44.. PEMALE 47.7 TRADE BALANCES MILLIONS. U.s.) (1902) 400(a) 202(84) 312 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 63% WALE 78% FEMALE DIX TRAO ING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES ARGENTINA . BRAZIL EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF GNP (1984) 90.3% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT, ANWAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE * NILLIONS. U.S.)..... 321 (1976-1985) -3.0x AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1964) 22. AGRICUL TURAL PRODUCTION AS % of GDP (1904) 20% •SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KN OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1981) 20 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.3% (1970) 2.2% (DOG) 2.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .(1970) (1906) MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... (1970) 7 (1906) . SUBSISTENCÉ: POTATOES , CORN 13% (1985) CASH: RICE SUGARCANE , WHEAT 9% (1988) MARRIED WOMEN AQED 18-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1963) 24.ok MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: ( 1985) RAV SUGAR . COFFEE POPULATION (1966) IN AGE GROUP (0-14YRS) 40.8% (18-GAYRS) 56.0% (68. YRS) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , SOYBEAN OIL RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS ( 1986) 122 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE . (1976) 46% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1900) 1,062 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1976) PLAQUE - PESTE .YELLOW FEVER *1961) 671 (82) 235 (83) : YELLOW 260 DEATH...) : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING MILLIONS. U.S. 398 (83) 370 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. (1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS. U.S.) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1900) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENO I TURES. (1980) 2.6% (81) 3. 1% (02) PRIMARY () (1980) 18.0% 40% 22.7% 103 10.0% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT ASORATTO 08, POPULATION IN AGE GROUP MALE AS X OF ONP SECONDARY (1981) 120 TOTAL FEMALE 101 21.8 MALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONDARY.. (1978) TOTAL 23.1 FEMALE 7.9 MALE 197 (84) 3.6 230 290 (05) FEMALE (1983) (SMILLIONS, U.S.) EQUIVALENT TO 6.6 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PROOUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. 231% 302 TOTAL TOUSANDS.RO CAPITA ....... (DOLLARS. IDO) 040 ANNUAL POR CAPITA REAL ONP ORO TRATE 0.2% 919 (B2) (1981) - 248 (82) (1981) - 163 (83) 1133 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA (811) BOLIVIA •FORE I GN TRADE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 6, 173 MAJOR EXPORTS(1984)TIN NATURAL GAS . SILVER ...... (DOLLARS, 1984) 540 92 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. ( 1965-84) 0.2% EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1963) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984)FOODSTUFFS 161 (1964) 38% (1963) 145 (1905) 24% (1984) 21% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 54.5% . CHEMICALS .CAPITAL GOODS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1970) 4.0% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 53.0 MALE 51.2 (1970) TOTAL 46.3 MALE 44.8 INPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 149 (1984) ile (1985) 132 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 41% (1983) 36% (1984) 30% TRADE BALANCE(S MILLIONS. U.S.) (1982) 400(83) 282(84) FEMALE 54.9 FEMALE 47.7 312 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 63% NALE 76% 76% FEMALE 31% TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , ARGENTINA BRAZIL EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF CNP (1984) 90.3% COUNTRY: •BASIC DATA PER CAPITA ONP.. *AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT ($ MILLIONS, U.S.).. (1984) 321 AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO).... (1984) 22.0% -3.0% ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE ( 1976-1985) AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP ( 1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) 25% SOCIAL DATA 20 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 2.3% (1978) 2.2% (1986) 2.2% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) (1986) 49 NAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE.. ( 1970) 7 ( 1986) SUBSISTENCE: POTATOES , CORN 13% (1985) CASH: RICE , SUGARCANE , WHEAT 9% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1983) 24.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RAV SUGAR . COFFEE : POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14VRS) 40.5% (15-64YRS) 56.0% (65* YRS) 3.6% MAJOR AGRÍCULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT , SOYBEAN OIL ,RICE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST VR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 129 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE ( 1976) PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1980) 1,952 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1976) PLAGUE - PESTE .YELLOW FEVER 1981) 671 (82) 235 (83) 260 DEATH. . . : TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (MILLIONS, U.S.) ( 198 1 ) 919 (82) 398 (83) 878 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. ( 1977) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S WILLIONS. U.S.) ( 1981) -248 (82) - 163 (83) -618 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 37% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENOI TURES, (1980) 18.0% (81) 22.7% (03) 10.8% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF OND. (1980) 2.6% (811 3.1% (82) 1.9% PRIMARY...... (1981) TOTAL MALE 120 FEMALE 101 SECONDARY ( 1981) TOTAL 21.8 MALE 23.1 FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1978) TOTAL 7.9 MALE ..6 FEMALE 3.6 (SMILLIONS. U.S.) ( 1983) 197 (84) 290 (85) 238 EQUIVALENT TO 5.0 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION 231% 302 1135 1134 பால் FY 1998 Category PROGHAN SUMMARY 3000) FY 1996 FY 1987 Estimated 24,962 20,100 6,303 18,659 20,000 Development Assistanca 22,600 22,600 wand Pictor Paz Estens soro as President in August 1985 te in bolivia's history that power changed hands ne sposing political parties.. This democratic transition swist of a severe economic crisis, and at the time Paz took artis ta had soared to an astronomical 23.0002. Export water sy approximately 257 between 1982 and 1985, while debt geoportion of exports had climbed to 937. Negative gross E grooth rates from 1980 to 1985 reflected the par neconomic crisis. The public sector budget deficit reached 373 1 1985 and the balance-of-payments deficit exceeded $400 0 Economía Support Fund 7,177 15,000 2 50,000 Loan 0 0 7,177 15,000 145 u TOTALS 32,284 3 35,100 52,600 L 490 31,045 28,993 29,536 20,000 V 20,000 4/ 20,000 Tide # 11,045 8,993 8,536 TOT ALS 63,329 64,193 81,136 Footnotes: V Interrational Disaster Assistance 3 The above total por ESF includes $340,000 in local cost support. The total inciydes reobligations of $1,069,800 deabllcated in FY 1985 and $6,100,500 decoligated in FY 1986 for a total recoligation of $13, 170, 200 in FY 1986. 41 Title III cretarting office, the new government initiated a sa pagar o restore public confidence and bring about economic 33 "very. It enacted sweeping economic measures to halt pas de tres-market incentives for the reactivation of 3. ' r'nate price distortions in the economy, an enterprises, and restore economic growth. The reforms breyting the exchange rate, a vage freeze for public 13 an tarif reforms, substantial increases in food prices, as i i cases for fue's and services sold by state enterprises. 120 x, these reforms have had a remarkable impact on 275 te economy. (oʻlation was reduced to an annual rate of 277 nos lugas: 986 period, and the public sector budget deficit it dot & BD for 1986. In June 1986, Bolivia successfully ats Dut'' sector debt vith official creditors, thereby mse 'ance-of-saytents deficit to about $164 million in 1986. tement of Boivia (GOB) has negotiated a standby agreement with the en poetary Fund (IMF), and has adhered to all performance The 528* ' .za:ion progran has been an unqualified success in ****. 'ndes, money supply, budget deficit of the consolidated ID test experson, relative exchange rate stability and Dat i the best service situation. FY 1966 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1987 Category US National 13.75 Forsion National 33 IQIALS 46.75 47.50 47.50 Toral full time equivalent workyears of employment Factura PIC, extent property, and IG personnel. Esclata TDP. One workyear * 2,087 hour PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' p2ress 'n stabi: ization, the country still suffers a severe tego is expected to decline by 3.71 in 1986 compared with It he prices of Bolivia's principal exports, tin and + 2 het dec''nes sharply in late 1985 and continue to be severely reaga tural sector also suffered from serious floods in e reduced total production. FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 (Estimated T (Request T Totsi A Total A 75 100 15 10 90 10 15 25 115 25 섏 ​isten the sundation for economic recovery and longer-term growth 120: pe to encourage export industries, diversify the economy, 1 222 the burder om state enterprises on the central budget. The *: a decentra i zed larger parastatals as a first step, but many is reprises are in poor financial condition and are unattractive 85 85 2 45 Category A5 ro Total US. Participants 3 21 24 Regionale 4 1 5 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 2 18 20 Regionale TOTALS 9 49 In-training refer to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryoven stai in training from the Academic: degree reeking NO 3702 ) 47 40 110 75 185 42 145 187 Techniek: non dagoe weeking Participaru farded under bietena pregunt Participants fessed under regional program ley, CLASE, ANDP) prior FZ 304 303 1185 BOLIVIA Introduction The Inauguration of Victor Paz Estenssoro as President in August 1985 marked the first time in Bolivia's history that power changed hands peacefully between opposing political parties. This democratic transition occurred in the midst of a severe economic crisis, and at the time Paz took office the inflation rate had soared to an astronomical 23,000%. Export earnings had fallen by approximately 25% between 1982 and 1985, while debt service as a proportion of exports had climbed to 93%. Negative gross domestic product (GOP) growth rates from 1980 to 1985 reflected the magnitude of the economic crisis. The public sector budget deficit reached over 25% of GDP in 1985 and the balance-of-payments deficit exceeded $400 million Within weeks after taking office, the new government initiated a comprehensive program to restore public confidence and bring about economic stabilization and recovery. It enacted sweeping economic measures to halt hyperinflation, provide free-market incentives for the reactivation of domestic production, eliminate price distortions in the economy, restructure state enterprises, and restore economic growth. The reforms taken included freeing the exchange rate, a wage freeze for public employees, tax and tariff reforms, substantial increases in food prices, as well as increases for fuels and services sold by state enterprises. Over the past year, these reforms have had a remarkable impact on stabilizing the economy. Inflation was reduced to an annual rate of 27% during the June-August 1986 period, and the public sector budget deficit declined to about 6% of GDP for 1986. In June 1986, Bolivia successfully renegotiated its public sector debt with official creditors, thereby narrowing its balance-of-payments deficit to about $164 million in 1986. The Government of Bolivia (GOB) has negotiated a standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and has adhered to all performance criteria. The stabilization program has been an unqualified success in terms of the price index, money supply, budget deficit of the consolidated public sector, credit expansion, relative exchange rate stability and improvement in the debt service situation. Despite progress in stabilization, the country still suffers a severe depression. The GDP is expected to decline by 3.7% in 1986 compared with about 3% in 1985. The prices of Bolivia's principal exports, tin and natural gas, both declined sharply in late 1985 and continue to be severely depressed. The agricultural sector also suffered from serious floods in early 1986 which reduced total production. To strengthen the foundation for economic recovery and longer-term growth the GOB must do more to encourage export Industries, diversify the economy, and reduce the burden of state enterprises on the central budget. The government has decentralized larger parastatals as a first step, but many of these enterprises are in poor financial condition and are unattractive 304 1136 1137 The $1.2 million FY 1986 ESF program contributed to reactivation of the Kohony by improving balance of payments so that essential raw materials and intermediate goods could be imported for the private sector. EŞF local Currency resources also helped finance a public education campaign to create greater public awareness of the need to reduce coca production to the bount required for the domestic legal market and to eliminate narcotics trafficking. The COB recently enacted a new tax code and is developing a more effective collection syster. Regulations governing banking, credit and interest rate procedures have also been improved. The government must now provide Investment incentives for small-scale industry and promote rural enterprises. A.I.D. will continue its key role in assisting the government to plan and initiate these changes. Investments for the private sector. The GOB now plans to divest or shut down these companies. Such privatization should improve free market competition. The government is also promoting private sector reactivation through increased credit and investment incentives. The GOB has also acted boldly against narcotics production. Operation "Blast Furnace" shut down a number of cocaine laboratories and destroyed a large quantity of cocaine processing equipment and materials. Thi effort reduced the price of coca leaves below production costs and encouraged many coca producers to turn to alternative crops. The government is committed to continuing its anti-narcotics campaign and will present new legislation to prohibit coca production in non-traditional areas and provide for the eradication of illegal crops. Bolivia should be congratulated for these courageous anti-narcotics actions, but they have had negative economic consequences for many of the country's poor. The production and transport of coca had provided a livelihood for thousands of Bolivians, and earnings from narcotics contributed about $600 million a year to the economy. The disruption of coca production and the narcotics trade, along with the closing of unprofitable mines, has significantly increased unemployment. Paradoxically, economic recovery in Bolivia cannot take place without bringing the narcotics problem under control. Next to Haiti, Bolivia is now the poorest country in the hemisphere. Just over a fifth of school-age children are enrolled in secondary schools. Poor health and sanitation are widespread. Life expectancy at birth is 53 years, and the infant mortality rate, estimated at 129 per thousand, is the highest in the hemisphere. U.S. Government interests in Bolivia are to: (1) support democratic and constitutional government; (2) help resolve Bolivia's economic crisis and promote self-sustaining economic growth; and (3) greatly reduce the production and flow of narcotics. The COB Policy Reform unit (UDAPE), established with A.1.D. support through the Policy Refore project (511-0571), has been instrumental carrying out economic analyses which have resulted in more rational policy development. TAPE vas a significant factor in the formulation of the government's new property tax code. The project has also assisted the government in strecturing financial accounting systems, banking regulations and customs procedures. koriculture, Rural Development, and Nutrition. In the agricultural sector, te 003 has taken initial steps with P.L. 480 local currency to reorganize the Ministry of Agriculture and Campesino Affairs (MACA) to make it more responsive to farmer needs. Another long sought change in the agricultural sector has been the development of a national wheat policy. Bolivia imports 90% of its wheat, and new policy measures to encourage domestic production are inportant to alleviate this foreign exchange burden. A.I.D.'s Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date Economic_Stabilization and Reform. Democracy, which is key to long-term development and elimination of drug trafficking, cannot survive unless the country can successfully renew economic growth. The A.1.D. program is structured, therefore, to help the country resolve its economic crisis and promote self-sustaining economic growth. Nonetheless, the economic recovery program entails a redefinition of responsibilities of the government, unions and the private sector. This is politically risky and has raised strong opposition from each group. Economic Support Fund (ESF) and P.L. 480 Title III resources have enabled the GOB to undertake economic reforms and narcotics control while alleviating the foreign exchange crisis. The FY 1986 Title III program financed approximately 50% of the country's essential wheat imports, helping meet demand not met by domestic production or other external sources. Local currency proceeds generated by this program are supporting a range of activities such as credit to small and medium enterprises, the control of communicable diseases, the expansion of grain and livestock production, and the improvement of rural infrastructure. in of Bolivia's most promising areas for development are agriculture and agribusiness. Despite an improved policy environment under the new government, Bolivian entrepreneur's still face major obstacles at the technical level to increasing agricultural productivity. Agricultural producers lack access to sufficient medium and long-term credit, research and extension services, and appropriate technologies. A.I.D. is concentrating on increasing the efficiency and productivity of small and Medium-sized commercial farmers. The FY 1986, $4.2 million Private Agricultural Organizations project (511-0589) is designed to increase the lefficiency of agricultural producer associations, and improve their capacity to offer needed credit, research, extension and marketing services. The FY 1986, $18.5 million Market Town Capital Formation project (511-0573) is expanding private sector investment in secondary cities, permitting more small and medium-sized farmers to have easier and less-costly access to markets for their products. The Emergency Agriculture Credit project (511-0591), which began in FY 1986, is providing credit for the inputs needed to increase production. Private Sector Development. Although support for private enterprise has meroved substantially, significant constraints remain. The Bolivian financial system has not done an adequate job of mobilizing savings and allocating credit for private sector investment or providing the financial 305 306 1137 The $7.2 million FY 1986 ESF program contributed to reactivation of the economy by improving balance of payments so that essential raw materials and intermediate goods could be imported for the private sector. ESF local currency resources also helped finance a public education campaign to create greater public awareness of the need to reduce coca production to the amount required for the domestic legal market and to eliminate narcotics trafficking. The GOB recently enacted a new tax code and is developing a more effective collection system. Regulations governing banking, credit and interest rate procedures have also been improved. The government must now provide investment incentives for small-scale industry and promote rural enterprises. A.I.D. will continue its key role in assisting the government to plan and initiate these changes. The GOB Policy Reform unit (UDAPE), established with A.I.D. support through the Policy Reform project (511-0571), has been instrumental in carrying out economic analyses which have resulted in more rational policy development. UDAPE was a significant factor in the formulation of the government's new property tax code. The project has also assisted the government in restructuring financial accounting systems, banking regulations and customs procedures. Agriculture, Rural Development, and Nutrition. In the agricultural sector, the GOB has taken initial steps with P.L. 480 local currency to reorganize the Ministry of Agriculture and Campesino Affairs (MACA) to make it more responsive to farmer needs. Another long sought change in the agricultural sector has been the development of a national wheat policy. Bolivia imports 90% of its wheat, and new policy measures to encourage domestic production are important to alleviate this foreign exchange burden. Two of Bolivia's most promising areas for development are agriculture and agribusiness. Despite an improved policy environment under the new government, Bolivian entrepreneurs still face major obstacles at the technical level to increasing agricultural productivity. Agricultural producers lack access to sufficient medium and long-term credit, research and extension services, and appropriate technologies. A.1.0.is concentrating on increasing the efficiency and productivity of small and medium-sized commercial farmers. The FY 1986, $4.2 million Private Agricultural Organizations project (511-0589) is designed to increase the efficiency of agricultural producer associations, and improve their capacity to offer needed credit, research, extension and marketing services. The FY 1986, $18.5 million Market Town Capital Formation project (511-0573) is expanding private sector investment in secondary cities, permitting more small and medium-sized farmers to have easier and less-costly access to markets for their products. The Emergency Agriculture Credit project (511-0591), which began in FY 1986, is providing credit for the inputs needed to increase production. Private Sector Development. Although support for private enterprise has Improved substantially significant constraints remain. The Bolivian financial system has not done an adequate job of mobilizing savings and allocating credit for private sector investment or providing the financial 306 1139 1138 tes-related Development efforts. One of the most ominous threats to may and the quality of life in Bolivia is the growing prominence of trafficking. As drug money and corruption pervade the society, dity of the CB to retain its integrity and independence is water aspect for democracy, its leaders and institutions, and the de la are underained. services required by large and small entrepreneurs: A.1.0. Is helping to alleviate this by working to ensure that all credit activities are directed toward a common set of objectives. These objectives include increased savings mobilization, greater competition in the financial sector, maintenance of positive real interest rates, and reduced transaction costs. The Agribusiness and Artisanry project (511-0472) is providing training and technical assistance to key private sector financial institutions, and encouraging policy and structural reforms. Education and Human Resources. Another factor constraining Bolivia's development efforts Ts Its Timited human resource base. Since the late 1970s, Bolivia's economic crisis and political instability have caused the departure of many of its most skilled policymakers and private sector managers and technicians. A.1.D. is implementing three training projects and utilizing additional centrally-funded and regional resources to increase the number of skilled managers and technicians needed for a growing economy. The FY 1985, $3 million Management Training project (511-0580) established an independent management training Institute in Bolivia, and is offering pragmatic, short-term training to Bolivian entrepreneurs. The FY 1985, $2.97 million Training for Development project (511-0584) and the LAC Training II project both offer long and short-tera training in the United States. strategy for reducing production of illegal coca and halting drug # aging in Bolivia recognizes that control and development are sociation and complementary aspects of the narcotics control program. No ge mitcultural crop or crop combination can provide farmers with the y can earn producing coca for the illegal market. Development rence in coca producing areas to provide alternative crops and sources we sygent can only be effective within the context of a strong and med eradication and enforcement program. recently carried out an evaluation of its narcotics-related we get activities in the Chapare region. The recommendations, if te should lead to a more effective program by reducing incentives to par to the coca-producing areas and by providing alternative income etting the A.I.D. narcotics-related development effort is the acres Avereness project (511-0592), which is heightening public un tage of the drug problem in Bolivia. The project will generate a * base of popular support for the GOB's overall narcotics enforcement ryts by strengthening the institutional capacity of key public and rate sector entities to carry out a public education campaign. A.1.D. is expanding training opportunities for Bolivians through a new Andean Peace Scholarships initiative which was initiated with $2.9 million of LAC regional funds in FY 1986. The program will provide training in the United States to help meet the priority economic, social, and political needs of Bolivia, and will target disadvantaged groups who have previously lacked access to such training. A.I.D. also provides in-country training through P.b. 480 Title III funded training grants for farmers and their families. The new Democracy Awareness component of the Training for Development project is also sending young Bolivians to the United States to introduce them to American social, economic and cultural systems and institutions. part 3 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 Pures that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to herica and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on Esistance to Bolivia in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that retent: training: A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 49 verticipants from Bolivia in the fields of agriculture (20), agricultural COMICS (2), public administration (2), democratic institutions (13), degraphic analysis (2), economics (3), housing policies (2), labor tistics (2), and health (3), Health, Child Survival, and Family Planning. Bolivia's health care services, access to potable water and sanitary conditions are the worst in South America and have deteriorated in recent years. High mortality and morbidity rates among children and low worker productivity, particularly in rural areas, continue to be major problems. A.I.D. will expand its child survival activities in FY 1987 to provide wider coverage of immunization and oral rehydration therapy services. The CARE Child Health Service/Rural Sanitation project (511-0599) will expand the scope of its activities . These efforts are supported with P.b. 480 local currency resources and represent a major effort to reduce Bolivia's high child mortality rate. Policy advances have also been made recently in the area of family planning. The Ministry of Health, previously opposed to the introduction of family planning services in government hospitals, has now agreed to permit the distribution of contraceptives through its health facilities on a pilot basis. It has also agreed to permit A.I.D. to initiate a private sector contraceptive social marketing effort. i he types of goods attributed to the FY 1986 ESF cash transfer to k va include $7,177,000 in raw materials, machinery, intermediate goods ind spare parts imported from the United States. 6. Local Currency: At the beginning of FY 1986, a total of $9.3 million 'n local currency remained unallocated. An additional $27.2 million was e available during FY 1986 for a total availability of $36.5 million. al currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Bolivia was allocated by A. 1.D. and the GOB for the following purposes: 307 308 1139 Narcotics-related Development Efforts. One of the most ominous threats to democracy and the quality of life in Bolivia is the growing prominence of narcotics trafficking. As drug money and corruption pervade the society, the ability of the GOB to retain its integrity and independence is threatened. Respect for democracy, its leaders and institutions, and the rule of law are undermined. The strategy for reducing production of illegal coca and halting drug trafficking in Bolivia recognizes that control and development are essential and complementary aspects of the narcotics control program, NO single agricultural crop or crop combination can provide farmers with the income they can earn producing coca for the illegal market. Development assistance in coca producing areas to provide alternative crops and sources of employment can only be effective within the context of a strong and sustained eradication and enforcement program. A.I.D. recently carried out an evaluation of its narcotics-related development activities in the Chapare region. The recommendations, if funded, should lead to a more effective program by reducing incentives to migrate to the coca-producing areas and by providing alternative income opportunities. Complementing the A.1.0. narcotics-related development effort is the Narcotics Awareness project (511-0592), which is heightening public knowledge of the drug problem in Bolivia. The project will generate a broader base of popular support for the GOB's overall narcotics enforcement efforts by strengthening the institutional capacity of key public and private sector entities to carry out a public education campaign. Section 709 Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.1.0. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Bolivia in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: A. Training: A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 49 participants from Bolivia in the fields of agriculture (20), agricultural economics (2), public administration (2), democratic institutions (13), demographic analysis (2), economics (3), housing policies (2), labor statistics (2), and health (3), B. The types of goods attributed to the FY 1986 ESF cash transfer to Bolivia include $7,177,000 in raw materials, machinery, intermediate goods and spare parts imported from the United States. 11 C. Local Currency. At the beginning of FY 1986, a total of $9.3 million in local currency remained unallocated. An additional $27.2 million was made available during FY 1986 for a total availability of $36.5 million. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Bolivia was allocated by A.I.D. and the GOB for the following purposes: 308 1140 1141 Amount 75000) 1. Private Sector Agricultural Credit 2. Agricultural Production Activities 3. Natural Resource Conservation 4. Health and Nutrition 5. Narcotics Awareness activities 6. cooperatives and Producer Associations 7. Training and Public Sector Reduction 8. Rural Development Public Administration 10. Program Administration and A.1.D. Trust Fund Total 9,816 6,072 697 3,772 2,180 1,228 4,494 5,893 1.000 1.387 36,539 Fr 1998 Progran LL.D. proposes $22.6 billion in Development Assistance, $30 million in Economic Support Funds, $20 million in P.L. 480 Title III, and $8.5 million to P.L. 480 Title Il for Bolivia. The FY 1988 program will continue to Support G08 efforts to achieve economic recovery and growth. Emphasis will Tegin on expanding the private sector through GOB policy changes and improving access to financial and technical services. 9. Economic Support Fund ($30 million). The ESf account will provide alance-of-Payments support through the Economic Stabilization Program (511-0993) which is needed to continue the GOB's economic recovery rogram. The funds will help compensate for the anticipated losses in foreign exchange brought about by the government's continuing crackdown on 'llegal drug activities, as well as for losses from the expected continuation of the depressed market for the country's principal exports, tia and natural gas. D. Reprogramming of funds for Bolivia during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation: Total ARDN PN HE CSF EHR SDA ESE (5000) Estimated FY 1986 Obligations 23,147 3,780 30 252 880 3,850 14,355 griculture, Rural Development and Nutrition ($8 million). Funding in this Kccount will continue efforts to increase the role of agriculture in the ecology, particularly with respect to exports and agribusiness. To this end, $2.8 a1111on is programmed for the initiation of an Export Marketing assistance project (511-0585) to provide current and potential exporters im export comodity producers with marketing Information and technical assistance. The remaining funds in this account are programmed for the continuation of ongoing projects, including $1.4 million for the Private Agricultural Cooperatives project (511-0589) and $3 million for the Industrial Transition project (511-0577). Actual FY 1986 Obligations 32,139€ 13,714 30 2.348 500 4,520 3,850 7,177 !! Includes $13.2 million reobligation of prior year funds to support Bolivia's far-reaching economic stabilization and narcotics control programs undertaken by the GOB during FY 1986. E. Funds and programs provided to Bolivia in FY 1986 through non-governmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Health, Child Survival and Population Planning ($5.7 million). Funding will be provided for the continuation of ongoing projects, including the water and Health Services project (511-0599) being implemented by CARE. mejor child survival effort will be started with the $3.6 million Child imunization project (511-0578). Several other activities, with emphasis on the extension of child survival services, will be supported through centrally funded grants to U.S. PVOs and through the local currency Component of the P.L. 480 Title Ill program. (5000) Non-governmental Government of Bolivia D.A. P.L. 480 Title II P.L. 480 Title III ESF 8,737 (35%) 10,573 (96%) 16,225 (652) 472 (42) 20.000 (1000) 7,177 (1002) Total 19,310 (312) 43,874 (69%) *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title III resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Bolivian businesses. P.L. 480 Title III provided for the import of wheat which was sold for distribution through private commercial channels. Education and Human Resources ($1.5 million) The major portion of this account is programed for the Training for Development project (511-0584), and for continuation of the Narcotics Awareness project to educate the Bolivian public to the dangers of illicit drugs and narcotics trafficking. Selected Development Activities ($1.4 million). $1.5 million Micro-Enterprise Development project (511-0596) will be initiated in FY 1988. It will provide training, credit and technical assistance to low-income small businessmen and women, particularly in urban areas. A new $1.5 million Export Marketing Assistance project (511-0585) will be started to stimulate private sector exports. The remaining funds proposed for this account will continue ongoing projects. 309 310 1141 FY 1988 Program A.D.D. proposes $22.6 million in Development Assistance, $30 million in Economic Support Funds, $20 million in P.L. 480 Title III, and $8.5 million in P.L, 480 Title Il for Bolivia. The FY 1988 program will continue to support GOB efforts to achieve economic recovery and growth. Emphasis will remain on expanding the private sector through GOB policy changes and improving access to financial and technical services. Economic Support Fund ($30 million). The ESF account will provide balance-of-payments support through the Economic Stabilization Program (511-0093) which is needed to continue the GOB's economic recovery program. The funds will help compensate for the anticipated losses in foreign exchange brought about by the government's continuing crackdown on illegal drug activities, as well as for losses from the expected continuation of the depressed market for the country's principal exports, tin and natural gas. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition ($8_million). Funding in this account will continue efforts to increase the role of agriculture in the economy, particularly with respect to exports and agribusiness. To this end, $2.8 million is programmed for the initiation of an Export Marketing Assistance project (511-0585) to provide current and potential exporters and export commodity producers with marketing information and technical assistance. The remaining funds in this account are programmed for the continuation of ongoing projects, including $1.4 million for the private Agricultural Cooperatives project (511-0589) and $3 million for the Industrial Transition project (511-0577). Health, Child Survival and Population Planning ($5.7 million). Funding will be provided for the continuation of ongoing projects, including the Water and Health Services project (511-0599) being implemented by CARE. A major child survival effort will be started with the $3.6 million Child Immunization project (511-0578). Several other activities, with emphasis on the extension of child survival services, will be supported through centrally funded grants to U.S. PVOs and through the local currency Component of the P.L. 480 Title Ill program. Education and Human Resources ($1.5 million) The major portion of this account 15 programmed for the Training for Development project (511-0584), and for continuation of the Narcotics Awareness project to educate the Bolivian public to the dangers of illicit drugs and narcotics trafficking. Selected Development Activities ($7.4 million). A $1.5 million Micro-Enterprise Development project (511-0596) will be initiated in FY 1988. It will provide training, credit and technical assistance to low-income small businessmen and women, particularly in urban areas. A new $1.5 million Export Marketing Assistance project (511-0585) will be started to stimulate private sector exports. The remaining funds proposed for this account will continue ongoing projects. 1 310 ! 1 : 1143 1 1 1 1 Mission Director: David A. Cohen 311 urban infrastructure in poor areas of the country. mitigate the effects of increasing urban unemployment and improve rural and National Community Development Services Agency. The project will strive to International, the Adventist Development and Relief Agency and the GOB through Catholic Relief Services/Caritas, Food for the Hungry element of the proposed $8.5 million Title Il program will be implemented critical to the government's economic recovery efforts. The food-for-work currency component of the program will fund the domestic costs of projects resources by funding a major portion of Bolivia's wheat imports. The local Title III program will assist the GOB to conserve scarce foreign exchange P.L. 480 Program ($28.5 million). The $20 million proposed for the 1142 -ON - A AG -CA. AND NO TITLE PLAND - OOLTO- EXPO DITURES OOL OLIG SNOTA NOTA OTTUESS AGRICULTURE. RURAL oev. NUTRITION G 2.010 2.0 OOOO-IIS COS 400 OOS 00 A NO PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 11.300 90 10.354 L 76 1 511-0465 AGRICULTURAL 11. 300 11.300 SECTOR TI 39 109 132 300 300 76 79 6 511-0466 RURAL ACCESS ROADS II oos 2.226 1.102 2. SOO 3.212 7. 7 9.042 62 ו 511-0466 RURAL ACCESS 9.0.2 9.042 ROADS 11 71 OSO 127 1.30 1.200 77 56 2.150 2.1 so 9. 200 ---- 3.085 127 9. 200 6.DO 77 86 511-0472 ASRI BUSINESS AND ARTISANRY 511-0.72 L AGRIBUSINESS AND ARTISANRY 511-0431 SMALL PARN PRODUCTION 0026 212 2 3.060 2.346 9 78 3.060 3.060 62 --- 3.000 2.936 79 79 L 511-0499 VILLAGE DEVELOPNENT 3.000 3.000 2.30 4.05 1.000 1 36 79 7.000 1.000 511-0511 L DEPARTNENTAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS 1.100 -- .65 1.014 1.000 2.941 129 67 4.400 6,400 5.900 12.500 048 97 511-0543 G 83 CNAPARE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 511-0363 Cuisine REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT" 511-05 73 SARRET TOWN CAPITAL FORMATION 12.500 12.500 600 2.000 2.206 06 3.900 3.500 3.000 6.303 2.000 06 511-0573 MARKET TOWN CAPITAL FORMATION 15.000 15.000 1.000 --- 250 3.000 2.000 6.000 511-0577 INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION 312 OPAS 1143 SUNTARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CAISSEAN 511 .OLIVIA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL OGLIG JOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGM PY8S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUR 95 -PROPOSED FY88- OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITUCES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 6 C 2010 1993 280 180 509 400 500 300 L 78 78 11.300 10.354 896 50 --- 11.300 11.300 --- --- G 73 79 300 39 152 --- 109 300 300 78 7 L 9.042 2.228 2.500 3.212 1.102 O. 9.042 9.042 77 86 1,200 719 950 1,304 127 2.150 2.150 --- --- 77 --- 6 008 --- --- --- 9.200 127 --- 86 3.065 9.200 9. 200 6 78 3.060 3.060 ... 2.846 2 212 2 3.060 L 79 79 3.000 62 --- 2.938 --- 3.000 3.000 70 79 7.000 4,055 1 36 2.309 7.000 1.000 87 2.541 621 1.000 965 859 1.014 1.800 4.400 6.400 97 870 12.500 --- 316 DOO --- 5.500 5.314 12.500 12.500 --- 90 2,206 951 2.000 600 3,500 3.500 00 90 3.000 6,303 2.000 15.000 15.000 87 99 --- 6.000 1.000 --- G 250 3.000 2.000 511-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 511-0465 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR II 511-0466 RURAL ACCESS ROADS II 511-0466 RURAL ACCESS ROADS II 511-0472 8 AGRIBUSINESS AND ARTISANRY 511-0472 L AGRIBUSINESS AND ARTISANRY 511-0431 SMALL FARN PRODUCTION 511-0499 VILLAGE DEVELOPNENT 511-0511 L DEPARTMENTAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS 511-0543 G 83 CHAPARE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 511-0543 L 33 CHAPARE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 511-0573 G MARKET TOWN CAPITAL FORMATION 511-0573 L MARKET TOWN CAPITAL FORMATION 511-0577 INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION Refers to the planned propeat winery thout 312 Cottort activity FY final ligation solum Al procta in the column with an inte blondes before December 31, 90 and on the word deu For promote with initial obation des December 31, 1900 the FY of final obligation to bed on ploed dose 1144 1145 SUNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 511 LRY OP 'T OF AND TITL! I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIS OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN FT95- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -91786 ESTINATED FY87- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - PROPOSED PYOO OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ---- 5.700 S8 --- 1.700 1.700 5,700 5.750 10.000 --- 88 99 2.772 400 550 1.265 500 1,385 006 3 PRIVAT! AG. ORGANIZATIONS 6. 230 4,200 95 87 300 --- --- --- 100 --- 120 300 300 JRT AND MILO GROATA MONITORING • OPG --- --- 2.425 --- 7.576 10.000 --- 3 36 37 EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL CREDIT --- 10.000 10.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 67.153 28.752 13.714 7.343 12.151 35. 120 3.000 116.652 100.652 18,960 POPULATION PLANNING 22 20 30 15 50 OS 130 90 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 22 20 30 15 65 OS 130 06 22 GRANTS 20 30 15 09 OS 1 30 0 oe ; --- LOANS 429 177 200 20 CS. 200 250 3 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 913 000- 10 310 • .-000 OO ..000 - AVAL SAVITATION 911-O.S. wuaal SANITATION 111-053. NEALT PROJECT ( soo 300 260 оос OO vsrev NVS (OA) OSE OO 110 233 O.. 1.300 1. 100 ..50-IIS 100 MALT SELPINANCING PRINARY NEALTN CAR! . 85 97 RT AND CNILO GROWIN ONITORING - OPG 200 0650-IIS 1. Soo 1.936 1.Oso 350 6.000 6.000 --- C 1.96. 1.300 3.320 600 1.370 2.763 2.36 6. 192 10. 246 1.150 1.300 2.19. OC . 1.080 11. OS GRANTS 1.663 5.866 4.000 000 000 4 SO SO OOS SOO --- 200 290 OOO --- --- --- 600 3.600 1.200 5 Sel! PINANCING PRIMARY MEALTH CARE --- --- 3.600 . .9 SOLIVIA PROJECT NO. 511-05 31 L. DISASTER RECOVERY 311-OSOS ! XPORT MARKETING ASSISTANCE 511-0389 0650-115 511-0501 GRANTS 6,215 7.611 1.53 12.151 15,138 3.000 43.910 27,910 72.742 72.742 LOANS 37.742 22,536 6.303 5,750 19,932 12.226 0000-IIS NEALTM 511-0000 66SD-IIS JATE. . 1CAL IN SERVICES - OPG 511-9.9. G PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPS's TOTAL TO ACCOUNT LOANS CAILO SURVIVAL FUND 511-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPNENT ANO SUPPORT 511-0569 511-0576 ENILD IN TUNIZATION 314 1145 SUNMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 68 . PROJECT NO. AND TITL! L PY OP FY OR 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGH PY&S- DOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY67- JBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOS! PYD- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 77 80 310 159 93 59 310 310 6.000 6.000 L 77 80 6.000 1.663 609 830 915 83 300 260 --- 1 300 300 .. 39 --- --- BB 990 233 110 41 450 350 --- 400 1.300 1.100 3 SS 87 84 --- 52 --- --- 136 136 130 --- --- --- 200 .. ... --- ... --- ... --- --- --- --- 1.OSO 350 C 600 3.926 1.300 1.968 600 2.198 1.300 1.150 -O. 639 830 818 CHILD SURVIVAL FUND --- --- --- --- 450 650 500 74 C 500 G 600 --- --- --- --- 600 200 88 --- 250 --- --- 3.600 --- --- --- --- 38 89 3.600 S 1,200 314 JUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIO SEAN BOLIVIA 511-04 58 RURAL SAVITATION 511-0456 RURAL SANITATION 511-0536 S SAN GAIRIEL HEALTH PROJECT (PVO) 511-0569 633 SELF FINANCING PRINARY MEALTH CARS 511-0590 JRT AND CHILD GROWTM ONITORING - OPG 1.936 1,500 511-0599 G 86 MATER & 1EALTM SERVICES - OPG 6.000 4.000 511-9999 G 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OP*'s 6.132 2.743 2.348 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1.370 10.246 9,846 2.132 1.080 2.348 GRANTS 6.246 5.846 6.000 4.000 4.000 1.663 LOANS 511.0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 511-0569 G 83 SELF FINANCING PRINARY MEALTA CARE 511-0978 CNILO IN TUNIZATION ench CYC Minha contabileston coutelor Decor 31. Ylion la boda 1146 1147 SUNSART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BURLAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN CP 88 511 HOLIVIA PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LFY OF PY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OSLI: OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN PYAS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36 OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED 'Yes- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 150 100 25 150 37 .. 511-0590 G 35 ORT AND CHILD GROWIN SONITORING • OP 511-0599 3 JATER HEALIN SERVICES - OPS --- --- 39 500 300 1.800 1.000 2.300 2.300 --- --- ODO --- 200 200 --- C 511-9999 G 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S -- --- 500 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.000 --- 1.050 6.300 3.175 6.650 2.300 500 3.300 1.050 6.300 Co 3,175 GRANTS 6.650 2.300 --- --- C00 --- LOANS EDUCATION AND MUMAN RESOURCES 548 70 173 812 270 200 730 74 C 450 511-0000 6 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 57 --- --- --- 78 3.003 3.969 3,949 3,950 511-0471 G RURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ... --- 2.129 2.010 12 6 107 2.129 2.129 511-0432 RURAL EDUCATION II --- 10.000 7,544 77 94 L 930 1.326 511-0482 RURAL EDUCATION II 10.000 10.000 --- 193 --- 800 950 330 800 1.900 SS 5 37 511-0580 MANAGEMENT TRAINING 3.000 2,700 470 84 1.200 600 DO 2.300 200 85 511-0384 . TRAINING FOR DEVELOPMENT 2.970 2.500 --- --- ... 350 30C --- 250 300 250 511-0592 NARCOTICS AWARENESS 1.050 250 315 ACCOUNT TOTAL 7.90 10.000 400 Ooo 25 ISO 150 150 1 30 1.034 1.5.2 1.217 1.259 700 60 550 3.000 530 3.000 3.000 700 272 GRANTS LOANS SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES 511-0000 G c ROGR AN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 'sricth DEVELOPMENT ACTIrries c 511-0511 L 79 DEPARTNENTAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS 511-0367 LOW-COST SMELTER THROUGH PRIVATE SECTOR 511-0971 83 POLICY REPORN 511-0577 INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION 200 OSO 223 SSO 50 2.000 1.650 S&2 1.000 2.612 1.900 200 1.200 596 5.000 5.000 750 1.200 --- 300 475 6.000 379 1 50 500 500 875 400 3.000 3.000 400 "HANDICRAPT exponT DEVELOPMEN'S 1.200 1.500 2.670 200 1.500 --- 23 511-0395 EXPORT NARKETING ASSISTANCE 511-0596 18 MICRO-ENTERPRISE DEV 511-0598 37 STRENGTNENING PINANCIAL SARKETS 6.400 316 1147 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) C! 69 BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA ANO CARIBBEAN -PROPOSED FY82- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- OOLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES BOLIVIA 511 -THROUGN PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTMD L FY OP FY OF | INITIAL INAL G OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1.500 2,900 2.337 1.070 4.520 13.105 17.890 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.900 23.098 21.529 1,500 1.070 2.554 5.561 b. 520 --- 7.890 930 GRANTS 1.526 SO 13.09% 11.529 10.000 10.000 10.000 7.544 LOANS 400 450 520 400 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 275 386 582 519 C 150 150 511-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 150 150 99 1 50 1,217 1.054 C 511-0412 SpeciáL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES - --- 1.682 1.253 60 3,000 79 79 3.000 3.000 511-0511 L DEPARTMENTAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS SSO 700 550 272 700 200 223 550 33 89 2.000 1.650 --- 950 511-0567 G LOW-COST SMELTER THROUGH PRIVATE SECTOR --- 950 582 2.612 594 1,200 1.000 1.900 83 6 5.000 5.000 200 - --- 4.000 750 1,200 37 39 300 475 379 SOO 875 89 500 150 3.000 3.000 --- --- --- --- --- 1.500 400 400 --- --- --- 1.500 2.670 1.200 800 200 6.400 07 90 20. 511-0598 STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL MARKETS 511-0571 POLICY REPORN 511-0377 INDUSTRIAL TRANSITION 511-0583 G 35 MANDICRAFT EXPORT DEVELOPMENT 511-0595 EXPORT MARKETING ASSISTANCE $11-0596 NICRO-ENTERPRISE DE V : 316 cotton Yolo cotone Alcohotelere DN1,100er de ad3PY dond 1148 1149 SUNSARY 7 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARISSEAN CP 89 511 BOLIVIA . L PY OP FY OF | INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PTO: ODL16 EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY:7- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 6,150 7.370 6.632 2.864 3,219 3.850 7,426 2.450 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 26.400 12.650 3,219 2.750 1,370 6,150 1.606 3,850 6.424 2.390 GRANTS O. 23,400 9,650 3.000 3.000 1.258 20. 60 1.682 LOANS 3.000 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- ... 7.177 --- 7.177 --- --- --- 86 511-0570 ECONONIC STABILIZATION AND RECOVERY 7.177 7.177 30.000 30.000 16,660 14,660 --- ... --- 44,660 37 -0. 511-0593 G ECONONIC STABILIZATION AND RECOVERY PRO: ... 340 360 --- --- 340 --- 37 37 3 311-0999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 30.003 30.000 ... 7.177 15.000 15.000 7.177 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT $2.177 1.177 7,177 סככ,30 15.000 15.003 30.000 1.177 ... GRANTS 52.177 1.177 OOO DOO LOANS 52.600 35.100 62. 164 COUNTRY TOTAL 63,263 32.139 98,671 21,106 TOTAL 47,070 235,223 196,154 52.600 35.100 38.790 30,199 15,269 25.336 11.03 23.929 GRANTS --- 145,481 64,412 89.742 89.742 23,374 13.046 76,762 31.301 9.223 6303 LOANS 317 See News A.Derve COSYS Erre Ellen COMORY revital SEE-ON VERS TO COME Success nully in International markets. Coonooreles, and agro-Inchustrial or art Isancy prodotto ENGIlon PROOROOT and DDOT LOBORTIONER Mote Project Description The hos Pealed the labortance or expanding exports, we hell recent nad not taken the actions needed to improve the economic climate measures which the Goa has taken since 1985 now provide a more necessary to increased export-oriented production. The economic favorable climate for export-oriented production. POV Von Prokuror The economic and ROGUE policy package includes a realistic exchange rate system which Beneficiaries! by rims when receive assistance under the projec fece Eng SOHO eliminates the most serious constraint arrecting domestic and export production. Tarmers and rims which increase production. domestie OC Dort The direct bonar les 11 beter and the Employees working for these entstles 11 also borerie The Export Marketing Assistance project will deal with several directly in terms of increased employment and higher wages made possible by increased sales in export markets. constraints to Bolivian export production: a lack of knowledge of market conditions and quality standards; inadequate access to Major Outputs All Years technical assistance in marketing and export promotion; lack of Information regarding production technologies; and inadequate Data collection systems established quality control standards which prevent Bolivian products from being System for providing production, marketing and oriented firms banking Information to domestic and export competitive. standards developed The project will address these problems by establishing a marketing Participants trained 400 services center within an existing Bolivian business association. Marketing/export promotion studies 25 The center will work with agricultural producer associations, Domestic/export working capital loans 70 industry groups, and directly with private firms to provide Domestic/export Investment capital loans 30 production and marketing information, technical assistance, training and access to loan funds. Clients will be charged for all services A.I.D.-Financed Inputs Life of Project (5000) provided by the Center to ensure that the Center will become Technical assistance Training 1,000 7,000 Working and investment capital loans self-sufficient. Other costs ,000 Relationship of Project to A.1.0. Country Strategy: 500 Total WII support A.I.D.'s private enterprise development policy which It will also address emphasizes domestic and export production. policy issues such as export incentives, investment laws, and import Principal Contractor or Agencies U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Unliquidated Obligations Through September 30, 1986 The project Expenditure Forture Your Obligatione Eimated Total Cost 77228ARDN-100OSDA LOOQDARDN: 1 SOOSDA 318 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 2772ARDN: SOOSDA 1988 Pogond Fiscal Yee AD 3707 (115) 1149 NEW X Bollya PLAINED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD EN Howith MOTOSED OBLIGATION Source Export Marketing Assistance fin shower DA 2,772 FY 88 Litool Project Funding 2.772. ARDN: 500 Spalio.000 ARDN1.500. SDA Number 511-0585 ED. & HR Population Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Proka 2 GRANT LOAN O CONTINUANG 500 FY 88 FY 89 FY 92 Purpose: To assist Bolivian producers and exporters of agricultural taxes. In addition, the project will contribute directly to a commodities, and agro-industrial or artisanry products to compete principal A.I.D. development objective which is to rebuild and successfully in international markets. strengthen private sector firms and institutions in order to revitalize the Bolivian economy. Project Description: The Government of Bolivia (GOB) has often stated the importance of expanding exports, but until recently had Host Country and Other Donors: Counterpart resources will be not taken the actions needed to improve the economic climate provided by the Bolivian producer and manufacturing associations and necessary to increase export-oriented production. The economic by firms which receive assistance under the project. measures which the GOB has taken since 1985 now provide a more favorable climate for export-oriented production. The economic Beneficiaries: The direct beneficiaries will be exporters and the policy package includes a realistic exchange rate system which Parmers and firms which increase their domestic or export eliminates the most serious constraint affecting domestic and export production. Employees working for these entities will also benefit production. directly in terms of Increased employment and higher wages made possible by increased sales in export markets. The Export Marketing Assistance project will deal with several constraints to Bolivian export production: a lack of knowledge of Major Outputs All Years market conditions and quality standards; inadequate access to technical assistance in marketing and export promotion; lack of Data collection systems established information regarding production technologies; and inadequate System for providing production, marketing and quality control standards which prevent Bolivian products from being banking Information to domestic and export competitive. oriented pirms Quality standards developed The project will address these problems by establishing a marketing Participants trained 400 services center within an existing Bolivian business association. Marketing/export promotion studies The center will work with agricultural producer associations, Domestic/export working capital loans industry groups, and directly with private firms to provide Domestic/export Investment capital loans production and marketing information, technical assistance, training and access to loan funds. Clients will be charged for all services A.I.D.-Financed Inputs Life of Project (5000) provided by the Center to ensure that the Center will become Technical assistance 2,500 self-sufficient. Training 1,000 Working and Investment capital loans 7,000 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy The project Other costs 1,000 will support A.1.B.'s private enterprise development policy which Total 11,500 emphasizes domestic and export production. It will also address policy issues such as export incentives, investment laws, and import U. & FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort Proposed Fiscal Yeu 1988 2772ARDN: 500SDA 7228 ARDN1000SDA 10000ARDA: 1500SDA 318 NO 3707 (115) **ខ្នងនន 1151 Bolivia PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RO IN Medith Funding Source Child Immunization DA FY 88 3,600 Sul. Act PROPOSED OBLIGATION ta thousands of door Uite of Project Funding 3.600 Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project Number 511-0578 NEW Population 3.600 Initial Obligation ED. & HR FY 88 FY 88 FY 90 GRANT LOAN CONTINUING Purpose: To immunize approximately 90% of Bolivian children under three years of age by 1990. into rural areas; and provide transportation for service delivery and supervisory personnel. A.I.D. will also provide the additional vaccines needed for an expanded immunization program. Limited assistance for operating costs will be provided. Relationship of Project to A.1.D.'s Country Strategy: A.1.D. has identified child survival as a primary objective of the Bolivia assistance program. Project Description: In 1985, the last year for which data are available, vaccination coverage of Bolivian children under three years of age vas 30% for polio, 33% for DPT, 22% for measles and 24% for tuberculosis. While some improvement in this coverage is expected in 1986, Bolivia is still far short of the pace It must establish to approach the Government of Bolivia's goal of 90% immunization by 1990 under the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) being implemented by the Ministry of Health (MOH). Constraints to achievement of this goal Include inadequate technical personnel; lack of transportation; lack of adequate refrigeration, especially in rural areas; a relatively low level of public education related to the Immunization program; the Health Ministry's concentration on a campaign" approach, with lapses in program effort during campaign intervals; and, the topography of the country and the highly dispersed pattern of population settlement. Recently, A.I.D. has been providing about $200,000 per year of P.L. 480 Title III local currency support for the MOH program. The local currency has complemented assistance of approximately $1,000,000 per year from UNICEF which provides vaccines, some transportation and technical assistance for the MOH program, Host Country and Other Donors: The GOB will provide P.L. 480 Title III support of about $300,000 per year. A.1.D. assistance, will be coordinated closely with UNICEF and PAHO through a permanent working group. Beneficiaries: Project beneficiaries will be approximately 800,000 Bolivian children under three years of age. 1150 Major Outputs: Children vaccinated against polio, measles, DPT, TB Cold chain established Public information/motivation program implemented A.1.D. Financial Inputs All Years 800,000 4,000 service points 9 departments BRE The child immunization project will enable the MOH to expand the EPI program and, thereby, to accelerate progress toward Bolivia's Immunization goals. It will help the MOH to eliminate bottlenecks to effective implementation of a permanent, outward-reaching EPI program. Life of Project (5000s) 500 300 Technical assistance Training Commodities (cold chain equipment, transport IE/C materials, vaccines) Other (local costs, evaluation, etc.) Total 2,200 600 3,600 Principal Contractors or Agencies Training, comodity, and technical assistance will enable the MOH to improve the competence of EPI personnel; design and implement a public Information program; extend the cold chain U... FINANCING (in thousands of dollen Obligation Expenditures Through September 30 Benated Your Estimated ptember 30, IVYOON poporod 1988 600 AD SYO ( 600 319 89-533 - 87 - 3 Ene AUKSET TO FOUNGE Project Delet font GMONE or Bolivion micro-enterpes The Government of Bolivia's economic ST economie recovery atanization program 12 provide the conditions necessary for to Croate practive HERGESPESSUPOS Unfortunately, in the short run the Government austerity program nas occasioned increased unemployment WE LOODETELOR. proved by the unemployment rate is currently about 20%; another quarter of the work force is underemployed. FOR P.L. 80 Title III Local CUERO y generation Ekans riciaries Micro-enterprises are important in the Bolivian economy because or St Oty Cedula Pevute in the number of people already engaged in micro-enterprise activities smal entrepreneurs who 11 receive loans and technical ass The beneficiaries or the project betre 500 and their significant employment creation potential tere About 50% of to expand their operations as well as the workers they employ. the poor urban labor force is engaged in micro-enterprise Major Outputs: Strengthening the micro-enterprise sector will result activities. All Years in Increased production and employment. Micro enterprises established/assisted 500 Implementation agencies/credit The chief problems facing Bolivian micro-enterprises are: (1) poor facilities developed 4 access to financing for operating expenses due to a lack of collateral and little familiarity with the formal banking sector; A.I.D.-Financial Inputs Life of Project and (2) the need for training in rudimentary business practices. (3000) Technical Assistance 800 The project will expand and replicate an on-going pilot project in Training 300 the city of La Paz sponsored by the Bolivian Confederation of Seed Capital to establish programs 400 Private Businessmen (CEP) and run by Accion Internacional Tecnica. Total $1,500 The project strategy is to meet the credit and training needs of micro-enterprises by setting up a credit agent (who can represent a bank, a PVO, or other entity) in an urban market where artisans and other micro-entrepreneurs operate. The credit agent offers small loans to finance micro-enterprise operating costs. Before extending loans, the agent investigates the business practices followed by the micro-enterprises interested in borrowing money and recommends Improved bookkeeping and other simple management procedures. The agent monitors the implementation of the management recommendations while the loan is still outstanding. The project will also help expand the pilot project's model to other cities. Principal Contractor or Agencies U. & FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Unliquidated Obligations Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year LORZ Estimated Tote Cost Estimated Through September 30, 1982 50,0 Propond Fircel Y 1988 320 Expenditure Futur Yeer Obligatione 1 100 400 AD 3707 (11-15) 1151 FINAARINI WE Eva | NEW FY 91 69-533 О - 87 - 37 QORAME Bolivia Tide funding PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET AG, RD AN Kooth Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION Micro-Enterprise Development Ha thondo FY 88 DA 400 Life of Project Funding Number 511-0596 Population ED. & HR 500 Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project K2 GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING 400 FY 88 FY 90 Purpose: To foment the development of Bolivian micro-enterprises. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The project Project Description: The Government of Bolivia's economic will directly support one of A.I.D.'s objectives In Bolivia which is to create productive employment opportunities. stabilization program will provide the conditions necessary for economic recovery. Unfortunately, in the short run the Government Host Country and Other Donors: Counterpart resources will be austerity program has occasioned increased unemployment. The provided by the Bolivian Confederation of Private Businessmen and unemployment rate is currently about 20%; another quarter of the from P.L. 480 Title III local currency generations. work force is underemployed. Beneficiaries: The beneficiaries of the project will be the 500 Micro-enterprises are important in the Bolivian economy because of small entrepreneurs who will receive loans and technical assistance the number of people already engaged in micro-enterprise activities to expand their operations as well as the workers they employ. and their significant employment creation potential. About 50% of the poor urban labor force is engaged in micro-enterprise Major Outputs: All Years activities. Strengthening the micro-enterprise sector will result 500 Micro enterprises established/assisted in increased production and employment. Implementation agencies/credit The chief problems facing Bolivian micro-enterprises are: 4 facilities developed (1) poor access to financing for operating expenses due to a lack of collateral and little familiarity with the formal banking sector; A.1.D.-Financial Inputs Life of Project and (2) the need for training in rudimentary business practices. (5000) Technical Assistance 800 The project will expand and replicate an on-going pilot project in Training 300 the city of La Paz sponsored by the Bolivian Confederation of Seed Capital to establish programs 400 Private Businessmen (CEP) and run by Accion Internacional Tecnica. Total $1,500 The project strategy is to meet the credit and training needs of micro-enterprises by setting up a credit agent (who can represent a bank, a PVO, or other entity) in an urban market where artisans and other micro-entrepreneurs operate. The credit agent offers small loans to finance micro-enterprise operating costs. Before extending loans, the agent investigates the business practices followed by the micro-enterprises interested in borrowing money and recommends improved bookkeeping and other simple management procedures. The agent monitors the implementation of the management recommendations while the loan is still outstanding. The project will also help expand the pilot project's model to other cities. U. S FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Principal Contractors or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986. Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 Futuro Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Propond Fiscal Ya 400 1988 1.500 1,100 320 AD 3707 (11-45) 1152 1153 Health /CSF FY 88 FY 88 PLAINED PROGRAM SUMMARY SWEET Tido Funding AG, RD & N PROPOSED OBLIGATION Sourd In thound of dolore Private Voluntary Organizations - 200 CSF Life of Project Funding Operational Program Grants (OPG) DA 1,050 HE 1,250 Continuing Nun Population ED. & HR So. Act Initid Odligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion 511-9999 Dute of Project GRANT LOM CONTINUING FY Continuing FY Continuing Purpose: To assist U.S. and indigeneous private voluntary Implemented by these PVO S (e.g., potable water, family gardens). organizations (PVO) to implement child survival initiatives. PACT will provide technical assistance to individual Bolivian PVOs to upgrade their technical, banagerial and financial competence. Project Description: During FY 1988, A.I.D. will continue to support child survival and related health activities initiated by Catholic Relief Services will continue to implement an OPG to U.S. PVOs in FY 1986 and will initiate a new program with Private provide oral rehydration and child growth monitoring services Agencies Collaboring Together (PACT). Hospital discharge data show through as many as 1800 mothers' clubs located throughout Bolivia. that digestive tract ailments, many of which relate to unsafe water, poor sanitary conditions and low health awareness, were the first Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: A basic cause of morbidity among 19 principal diseases. As a consequence, objective of the A.I.D. program in Bolivia 1s to improve the health the health status of Bolivian children under four years of age is status of the country's population, especially children. the lowest in South America. Key factors contributing to this condition are the scarcity of potable water in rural areas and the Host Country and Other Donors: The PVOs will contribute their own absence of adequate health services and health education at the funds to these activities. In addition, each participating community level. community will contribute labor and materials required for the CARE project. The contribution of participating communities, excluding CARE will continue to implement a program to reduce the mortality user fees, will be about $1.5 million. PVO counterpart resources and borbidity rate due to diarrhea. CARE is implementing an for the PACT OPG are estimated to be $500,000. integrated health promotion potable water program in 200 rural communities. It is providing training for community-level health Beneficiaries: The major beneficiaries of the project will be rural committees, health promoters, and other community neabers in oral children under four years of age. Other beneficiaries include the rehydration therapy, correct hygiene, and protection of water adult population of communities participating in the potable water supplies; supplying oral rehydration salts; and assisting the program and about 75,000 people who will receive PHC services. construction of simple low-cost water systems. The community health committees will be trained in and be responsible for operation and Major Outputs All Years Years maintenance of water systems. Operation and maintenance costs will Reduced infant and child mortality be paid by collecting user fees from residents. Potable water systems installed 200 Family latrines built 10,000 Through an operational program grant (OPG) to PACT, up to 24 small Community health committees established 200 primary health care (PHC) projects will be designed and implemented Expanded child growth monitoring X by indigeneous Bolivian PVO's and by U.S.-based, PACT-affiliated PHC sub-projects laplemented 24 PVOs currently active in Bolivia (Project Concern, Save The Children, etc.). These projects will stress basic preventive health A.1.D. Financed Inputs FY 1988 ($000) and child survival services which can be delivered by community Grant to PVOS 1, 250 health workers and which can be integrated with other projects being U. INANCING (In thovende of dollen) Principal Contractor or Agent Obligations Expenditure Undia wide Tow MARIRE TON.ptember IN YOptions qc1 2501 Con Love 321 AD Sro 7 111 Bolivia 20, You TW86 Ecuador 323 1153 1 Ecuador 323 1155 FY D8 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA COUNTRY: (518) ECUADOR "BASIC DATA TOTAL POPULATION (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 9,680 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 1, 150 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) 3.8% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 17.8% FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS I 1984)PETROL EUM .FISH PRODUCTS . COFFEE EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, FOB) (1983) 1,260 (1984)1,657 (1985) 1,637 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 61% (1984) 66% (1985) 59% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 )AG. SINOUST. MAC, INDUST. RAW MAT,BLOG SUPPLIES IMPORTS FROM U.S. (3 MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 496 (1984) 528 (1985) 575 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 40% (1984) 35% (1985) 34% TRADE BALANCE ($ MILLIONS, U.S.)(1983) 940(84) 1,055(85) 1,147 TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES , JAPAN , GERMANY, FEDER NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. (1970) 1.8% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 64.5 (1970) TOTAL 58.1 MALE 62.5 FEMALE 66.5 MALE 56.5 FEMALE 59.5 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1982) TOTAL 86% MALE 88% FEMALE 83% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 75.5% AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 992 30.2% 0.4% • SOCIAL DATA 125 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 3.1% (1978) 2.9% (1986) 2.9% 1154 48% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 40% (1986) MAJOR CROP(S) YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 7 (1986) 3 SUBSISTENCE: POTATOES PLANTAINS , CORN 30% (1985) CASH: COFFEE ,COCOA BEANS RICE 47% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1982) 40.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS : ( 1985) BANANAS COFFEE .COCOA BEANS POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 41.8% (15-64VRS) 54.6% (65+ YRS) 3.6% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT . SOYBEAN OIL .CATTLE INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 68 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1980) 48% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1980) 927 *CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES* MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1977) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE, TYPHOID & FEVERS, MEASLES-ROUGEOLE (1982) 1.561 (3) 1. 194 DEATH.. (1978) DIARRHOEAL DIS. OTHER PNEUMONIA BRONCHITIS & OTH TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 2, 188 (83) 966 (84) 1.279 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1980) 74% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -627 (83) - 245 (84) -86 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY 1982) 52% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. % TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP. % PRIMARY.. (1982) TOTAL 121 MALE 122 FEMALE 119 SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 59.5 MALE 51.9 FEMALE 51.2 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY (1980) TOTAL 30.4 MALE 38.3 FEMALE 22.5 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 769 (84) 736 (85) 843 EQUIVALENT TO 4.1 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1985) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION (1984) 3 16% 324 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GDP (1984) POPULATION DENSITY / SOKN OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1983) ARABLE LAND 721 (84) 33 % ( ) bi N. - - - th Blog hai the TRANS Min วิกฤes คลิง อุบล TOTALS a Castry Periopantes Na TLP. One workyte = 2,087 hoan by curycers will in training from the rejer to the van of participant new starts 52,980 2 92 2 17 138 ABT Actual FY 1986 TotalA PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA (Estimated) 67 PROGRAM SUMMARY ($000) Estimated) 15,241 16,341 1,100 FY 1987 Actual) FY 1986 16 12 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Estimated FY 1987 16 14 34,00 in FY 1986. 5,00,000 deobligated in FY 1986 por a total reobligation of al seludes reobligations of $4,944,000 deobligated in FY 1985 toe total for ESF includes $185,000 in local cost support. 325 el seu mandat werkyears of employment, Include HTG, excess property, and IG personnel. aN 3 II OC 40 162 20 FY 1987 Total 8 A P, AMDP). operating forded under regional programs lengan dParticipanta funded under bilateral programa. Technical: non-degree seeking 34,378 19 (Request) FY 1988 216 T (Request) FY 1988 Total 6L2 1155 ECUADOR Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual) (Estimated) 27,105 16,341 9,050 1,100 18,055 15,241 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 17,000 2,000 15,000 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant Other 20,216 0 20,216 12,500 1 0 12,500 17,000 0 17,000 TOTALS 47,321 2 28,841 34,000 P.L 480 5,659 647 378 Title 5,000 0 0 Tide 11 659 647 378 TOTALS 52,980 29,488 34,378 Footnotes: 1 The above total for ESF includes $185,000 in local cost support. ŽI The total includes reobligations of $4,944,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $6,000,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $10,944,000 in FY 1986. FY 1986 FY 1988 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE Category 1987 FY (Actual). (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 12 14 14 Foreign National 16 16 LOIALS 28 30 30 Total full time equivalent workyear of employment. Include HIG, exces property, and IG personnel Excludes TDP. One workyeur = 2,087 hours. 16 PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA' FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) To Total А T Total FY 1988 (Request) T Tota! A 156 Category Ab U.S. Participants Bilateral d 9 Regional 15 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 2 Rocional TOTALS 26 74 45 21 16 100 42 121 58 39 20 195 60 17 19 3 20 23 4 20 24 112 138 40 162 202 63 216 279 la-bruining refers to the sum of participant new starts during the FY & carryovers still in training from the prior FY Technical: nomdegree seeking d participants funded under bilateral programs. Participants funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE ANDP). bacademic: degree seeking AID 370-283) 325 1157 1156 ECUADOR santal that the country continue to restructure its economy for 2 pati. To reinforce the measures already taken and to address coses associated with them, Ecuador needs increased scoort through a combination of public and private diso, it must reinforce its efforts to promote foreign and 2nt and broaden its export base. program ves restarted in FY 1980 to support Ecuador's return to The system after eight years of military rule. Since then, there ipficant progress in strengthening democratic institutions, ne political and social tensions resulting from economic crisis. 2 ts continued to maintain a warm relationship with the United 22 a shared commitment to democracy, a common understanding of **** pinter ment, a strong commitment to private-sector-led growth horically vigorous trade relationship. U.S. objectives in Ecuador terno in line with the priorities of the current government -- ! encourage the democratic process and foster economic growth with Introduction Ecuador's per capita income, estimated at $1,220 in 1985, masks broad disparities in income levels between the modern urban sector and the rest of the country. Underemployment is very high and pervasive in both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, where half of the Ecuadorean population resides, low income, health and educational levels are the norm. Only about 15% of rural families have access to potable water and the infant mortality rate is one of the highest in Latin America. More than two-thirds of rural children are forced to leave school by the end of the fourth grade. The present structure of the economy has been shaped by its dependence on petroleum exports since the early 1970s, which made Ecuador vulnerable to the vagaries of world petroleum prices. In 1983, petroleum prices began to deciine and the country was battered by floods that severely affected agricultural production and damaged physical infrastructure. The economy was not able to sustain the negative impact of these external events and aggregate output fell by 3.3%, while inflation reached 532. The response of the previous administration (1981-1984) was devaluation, import restrictions, requests for debt rescheduling, and enforcement of austerity measures. These measures laid the groundwork for the Febres Cordero administration, which took office in August 1984, to implement its free market philosophy and monetarist economic policies. Through successful implementation of these policies, the government stabilized Its finances in 1985. Going into 1986 the perspectives were bright, with a 4% growth rate within sight. The Government of Ecuador (GOE) economic strategy could not foresee, however, the precipitous fall in the price of petroleum that occurred in early 1986. Crude oil prices fell from an average of $25.85 per barrel in 1985 to $11.90 per barrel in 1986. As a result, in 1986 Ecuador lost over $800 million in oil export revenues and approximately $500 million in domestic revenues. The Ecuadorean authorities took immediate steps to increase non-petroleum revenues and curtail public expenditures. In August 1986, a far-reaching program of reforms was put in place. These measures included the establishment of a free foreign exchange market for all private transactions, lifting the ceiling on most interest rates and reducing the reserve requirements on private domestic savings institutions. In spite of the government's dramatic efforts, the outlook for the short and medium term is for a continued low rate of growth. Lower export earnings from petroleum will limit Ecuador's capacity to finance imports for the productive sectors of the economy. On the social side, the cost of the crisis is already high. Official unemployment in urban areas has risen to 12%, underemployment to 50%, and inflation to 28%. Hardest hit are the urban poor, the rural population not involved in the export sector, and indigenous communities. Incomes are likely to continue their downward plunge among these groups. Seart ogtert Strategy and Accomplishments to Date. *'s assisting the GOE in its program to stabilize the external sector structure the economy along competitive lines. A.I.D.'s strategy is three elements. First, A.I.D. seeks to increase production in e tectors in which Ecuador has a comparative advantage, principally bute and agro-industries. A.1.D.-assisted activities address the institutional and technological constraints which adversely affect te mediun-sized private farms and businesses. 29. 1.1.D. supports activities to help the GOE put its internal 530c affairs in order. These activities include efforts to improve tax nistration (thereby permitting an eventual reduction of tax rates); die the CDE budgeting process and the operation of financial markets; atge trivatization of government enterprises, and reduce government riction in the agricultural sector. 4.1.D. supports activities to ensure that basic human needs are met revista private and public sector efforts. A.I.D.'s strategy focuses on * Rreshe housing, health, family planning, employment and technical tils training. Also, A.1.0. assists the Ecuadorean private sector to The more active in the area of drug use prevention and education. na w ture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s basic objectives in se ne increase agricultural production, productivity and exports, and to rational management and protection of natural resources. Emphasis is placed on the institutional, policy, marketing and technology constraints hindering the sector. the policy area, the Agricultural Sector Reorientation project 56-0051) seeks to expand the role of market forces and reduce government mtervention in pricing and marketing. A private sector policy institute strengthening private sector capacity for policy analysis. In Brketing, a major accomplishment was the establishment of a private 326 327 1157 i It is essential that the country continue to restructure its economy for long-term growth. To reinforce the measures already taken and to address the social costs associated with them, Ecuador needs increased international support through a combination of public and private resources. Also, it must reinforce its efforts to promote foreign and domestic investment and broaden its export base. The A.I.D. program was restarted in FY 1980 to support Ecuador's return to a democratic system after eight years of military rule. Since then, there has been significant progress in strengthening democratic institutions, despite the political and social tensions resulting from economic crisis. The GOE has continued to maintain a warm relationship with the United States based on a shared commitment to democracy, a common understanding of the role of government, a strong commitment to private-sector-led growth and a historically vigorous trade relationship. U.S. objectives in Ecuador are very much in line with the priorities of the current government namely, to encourage the democratic process and foster economic growth with equity. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date. 3 3 A.I.D. is assisting the GoE in its program to stabilize the external sector and restructure the economy along competitive lines. A.I.D.'s strategy involves three elements. First, A.I.D. seeks to increase production in those sectors in which Ecuador has a comparative advantage, principally agriculture and agro-industries. A.I.D.-assisted activities address the policy, institutional and technological constraints which adversely affect small and medium-sized private farms and businesses. Second, A.I.D. supports activities to help the GOE put its internal economic affairs in order. These activities include efforts to improve tax administration (thereby permitting an eventual reduction of tax rates); improve the GOE budgeting process and the operation of financial markets; encourage privatization of government enterprises; and reduce government intervention in the agricultural sector. Third, A.I.D. supports activities to ensure that basic human needs are met through private and public sector efforts. A.I.D.'s strategy focuses on low-income housing, health, family planning, employment and technical skills training. Also, A.I.D. assists the Ecuadorean private sector to become more active in the area of drug use prevention and education. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. A.I.D.'s basic objectives are to increase agricultural production, productivity and exports, and to promote rational management and protection of natural resources. Emphasis is placed on the institutional, policy, marketing and technology constraints hindering the sector, In the policy area, the Agricultural Sector Reorientation project (518-0051) seeks to expand the role of market forces and reduce government intervention in pricing and marketing. A private sector policy institute is strengthening private sector capacity for policy analysis. In marketing, a major accomplishment was the establishment of a private 1 327 1158 1159 agricultural commodities exchange in April 1986. P.L. 480 Title I and Section 416 local currency are being used to carry out structural changes and policy reforms. ang paning. The objective of A.1.D.'s population program under salitan and family Planning project (518-0026) is to assist a parizations to increase and improve family planning services. huki these efforts, the number of new acceptors from 'sed programs increased by 53,900 in 1985. In FY 1986, 51 new 7,50 chaics were opened. 1. 3 id tuman Resources. A.L.D. is working with selected private s vraizations and PVOs to improve the technical and managerial sit the Ecuadorean private sector. Also, narcotics education and Eestities are under way. , 4.1.D. initiated, with the Guayaquil private sector, a Graduate prenent iraining project (518-0035) to establish a school of management Ortate level for Ecuador. An operational program grant (OPG) in en tal sellis training for small industries in the Guayas Province was arte. Several plos continued small projects to improve technical oferta skills training in the private sector. In narcotics use petisia , the CDE launched an A.1.D.-funded nationwide media campaign on 494 Metention sa ketean Peace Scholarships initiative (518-0067) will be started in The program vill provide training in the United States to help este priority economic, social, and political needs of Ecuador, and target disadvantaged groups who have previously lacked access to such Through the Rural Technology Transfer System project (518-0032), redesigned as a result of a recent evaluation, A.1.D. is assisting commodity-specific producer groups. P.L. 480 local currency complements these activities. Through the Non-traditional Agricultural Exports project (518-0019), A.I.D. is strengthening the exporters' association and making technical and market information available to agro-based exporters. Non-traditional agricultural exports grew by 11% in 1985 and at a 13% rate for the first six months of 1986. An A.1.D.-funded credit line for agribusinesses promoting new export products and introducing improved technology became operational in 1986. A.1.D.-funded studies were conducted on research, extension and education (REE) policies. The studies resulted in the formation of an Agricultural Research Foundation. In FY 1987, P.L. 480 and Section 416 local currency funds will be used for the foundation. An Agricultural Research and Extension project (518-0068) will be developed in FY 1987 to improve the REE system. In natural resources conservation, the Forestry Sector Development project (518-0023) has been redesigned to focus on reforestation, agroforestry, and de limitation and management of protected forests. Private and voluntary organization (PVO) activities are under way to provide technical assistance and related services to small and medium-sized farmers; improve the access of low-income Ecuadoreans to agricultural education abroad; and improve natural resource conservation and environmental awareness. Program Development and Support (PD and s) funds were used for agricultural policy studies, project design, and support for the centrally funded Coastal Resources Management project. Health. The sector objective is to reduce mortality and morbidity, especially among infants and young children. A.1.D. assistance is focused on preventing and reducing diarrheal diseases, immuno-preventable diseases (measles, pertussis, et. al.), malaria, and malnutrition. In FY 1986, efforts focused on implementing the ongoing Child Survival (CS) effort which is a component of the Rural Health project (518-0015). Also, A.I.D. continued support for the Malaria Control project (518-0049). In 13 months the CS immunization campaigns have resulted in impressive achievements, including increases in vaccine coverage for measles, DPT and pollo from 10% to 69% of the Hountry* sehildren. The Ministry of Health has begun to institutionalize the provision of CS services. A.1.0.-supported efforts have also brought about major institutional breakthroughs in providing rural potable water and a new Economic Support Fund (ESF) local currency project to support this effort is being planned. Development Activities. The main objectives in this functional Barnt are to strengthen the private sector; increase employment; and trengthen selected GOE institutions. the private sector, A.1.0. has focused on strengthening representative variations, developing the financial markets system and promoting Fatization of government enterprises. In FY 1986, 20 private pelations were assisted in developing membership and association evices. To build upon recent financial system reforms, A.1.0. will ate a Financial Markets and Privatization project (518-0063) in * 1987 and work with the GoE to develop a privatization strategy. hough A. 1.D.-supported small-enterprise credit projects, approximately no jobs were created during FY 1986. Based on evaluations of these pilot forts, A.1.D. started in FY 1986 a three-year Small Enterprise Development project (518-0056) designed to increase employment. De Fiscal Administration project (518-0042) has contributed to a major nesrganization of the Ministry of Finance's Revenue Directorate, as a basis for improving the GOE's tax administration system. Through an A.1.D.-funded OPG, the National Institute for the child and faily is undergoing a transformation from a traditional child welfare ency to a national development entity. Program Development and Support funds were used in FY 1986 to design activities in small business teie lopeent and capital markets, provide support to the Emergency behabilitation project (518-0046), and conduct project evaluations. 328 329 1159 Population Planning: The objective of A.I.D.'s population program under the population and Family Planning project (518-0026) is to assist Ecuadorean organizations to increase and improve family planning services. As a result of these efforts, the number of new acceptors from A.I.D.-assisted programs increased by 53,900 in 1985. In FY 1986, 51 new family planning clinics were opened. Education and Human Resources. A.I.D. is working with selected private sector organizations and PVOs to improve the technical and managerial skills of the Ecuadorean private sector. Also, narcotics education and awareness activities are under way. In FY 1986, A.I.D. initiated, with the Guayaquil private sector, a Graduate Management Training project (518-0035) to establish a school of management at the graduate level for Ecuador. An operational program grant (OPG) in technical skills training for small industries in the Guayas Province was also started. Several PvOs continued small projects to improve technical and financial skills training in the private sector. In narcotics use prevention, the GOE launched an A.1.D.-funded nationwide media campaign on drug use prevention. A new Andean Peace Scholarships initiative (518-0067) will be started in FY 1987. The program will provide training in the United States to help meet the priority economic, social, and political needs of Ecuador, and will target disadvantaged groups who have previously lacked access to such training. Selected Development Activities. The main objectives in this functional account are to strengthen the private sector; increase employment; and strengthen selected GOE institutions. In the private sector, A.I.D. has focused on strengthening representative associations, developing the financial markets system and promoting privatization of government enterprises. In FY 1986, 20 private associations were assisted in developing membership and association services. To build upon recent financial system reforms, A.I.D. will initiate a Financial Markets and Privatization project (518-0063) in FY 1987 and work with the GOE to develop a privatization strategy. Through A.I.D.-supported small-enterprise credit projects, approximately 3,000 jobs were created during FY 1986. Based on evaluations of these pilot efforts, A.I.D. started in FY 1986 a three-year Small Enterprise Development project (518-0056) designed to increase employment. The fiscal Administration project (518-0042) has contributed to a major reorganization of the Ministry of Finance's Revenue Directorate, as a basis for improving the GOE's tax administration system. Through an A.1.0.-funded OPG, the National Institute for the child and Family is undergoing a transformation from a traditional child welfare agency to a national development entity. Program Development and Support funds were used in FY 1986 to design activities in small business development and capital markets, provide support to the Emergency Rehabilitation project (518-0046), and conduct project evaluations. 329 1161 1160 Value states of imported goods attributed to FY 1986 ESF Cash Transfers by De Ecuador are as follows: $ 10.2 million $ 10.0 million $ 20.2 million mite Goods TOTAL Lual currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Ecuador was alred for the following uses in FY 1986: $ 6.6 million 2.2 million 13.3 million 2.4 million Adlic Sector Development Activities (sma 11 infrastructure works throughout the country) 2. Etensions of ongoing A.I.D. IGOE Projects Private Sector Development Activities 10. Trust Fund BE/International Financial Institutions Augsted Counterpart Expenses Other Public Sector Activities 7. Assistance to the Ministry of Agriculture 2.2.1.490 Program Management 4.2 million 5.5 million 4.6 million 0.2 million $39.0 million Urban Development. A.I.D.'s objective in the sector 1s to expand access to improved housing for low-income groups. During FY 1986, A.I.D. and the COE continued three major initiatives which are providing Investment guaranties to expand shelter for low-income families: the Solanda Project in Quito ($20 million, 518-HG-005), the Nationwide Program ($25 million, 518-HG-006), and the Private Sector Program ($30 million, 518-HG-007). FY 1986 was a year of substantial progress in housing programs. In FY 1987, A.I.D. and the GOE will provide more opportunities for the private sector to participate in low-cost housing activities and emphasize greater use of individual credits for shelter upgrading and home improvement. Economic Support Fund_(ESF). In 1986 the world price of Ecuador's primary export Toil) fell precipitously, causing severe shocks throughout the economy. Growth is expected to suffer dramatically during the rest of the decade, while balance-of-payments gaps and the fiscal deficit increase. The U.S. Government is assisting the GOE to face this crisis with a modest balance-of-payments ESF program totalling $20.2 million in FY 1986 and $12.3 million in 1987, under the Economic Stabilization and Recovery program (518-0058). ESF local currency finances rehabilitation projects, investment credit, counterpart for the GOE housing program and for other A.I.D. projects, a private sector development program, and a modest A.1.0. Operating Expense Trust Fund. P.b. 480 Title I. The FY 1986 P... 480 Title I program financed wheat imports on a concessional basis and will generate the local currency equivalent of $4.7 million. The GOE committed itself to self-help measures dealing with agricultural marketing, research and extension, credit and seed production. Local currency is being used to strengthen the role of private producer organizations; to support the reorientation of agricultural policies; and to provide GOE counterpart funding for A.I.D. agricultural and rural development projects. P.L. 480 Title II. The P.L. 480 Title II program is implemented through a small GOE program and by Catholic Relief Services (CRS). The CRS program is focused on maternal and child health care utilizing a mothers club approach as a delivery system. A five year phase-out of the program was initiated in 1984. The value of Title il commodities was $659,000 in FY 1986, and $647,000 in FY 1987. Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on Ecuador is provided as partial fulfillment of the requirement: A. Training: A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to a total of 138 participants from Ecuador in the fields of Agriculture (44), Economics (6), Education (12), Health (27), Natural Resource Management (7), Communications (2), Engineering Administration (1), Public Administration (34), Labor Relations (2), and Housing (3). eurogrameing of funds for Ecuador during FY 1986 resulted in the bing functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those dat were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation Document: (5000) PN ESF SOA EHR HE TOTAL ARDN 3,650 4.750 4,250 20,097 800 42,597 9,050 20,216 4,750 5,144 5,334 987 strated FY 1986 D'igations SY 1986 'igations 10,890 47,321 conds and prograns provided to Ecuador_in FY 1986 through nongovernmental as Itasted to governmental channels: Nongovernmental $11.1 million (412) Government of Ecuador $16.0 million (59%) $20.2 million (100%) $ 5.0 million (100%) 1080 Title 1 60 litle II $ 0.6 million (1002) $11.7 million (221) $41.2 million (78%) ta y though ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through Darment channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these fons and prograns. Ef dollars provided foreign exchange which tecilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Ecuadorean usinesses. P.L. 480 Title I provided for the import of wheat which was olt for distribution through private comercial channels. 331 330 1161 B. The types of imported goods attributed to FY 1986 ESF Cash Transfers by A.1.D. to Ecuador are as follows: Types of Goods Value Raw Materials Intermediate Goods TOTAL $ 10.2 million $ 10.0 million $ 20.2 million 1 182 C. Local Currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Ecuador was allocated for the following uses in FY 1986: 1. Public Sector Development Activities (small infrastructure works throughout the country) $ 6.6 million 2. Extensions of ongoing A.I.D./GOE Projects 2.2 million 3. Private Sector Development Activities 13.3 million 4. A.I.D. Trust Fund 2.4 million 5. GOE/International Financial Institutions Budgeted Counterpart Expenses 4.2 million 6. Other Public Sector Activities 5.5 million 1. Assistance to the Ministry of Agriculture 4.6 million 8. P.L. 480 Program Management 0.2 million TOTAL $39.0 million 2 K D. Reprogramming of funds for Ecuador during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation Document: ($000) PN TOTAL ARDN HE EHR SDA ESF 42,597 9,050 800 3,650 4,750 4,250 20,097 Estimated FY 1986 Obligations Actual FY 1986 Obligations 47,321 10,890 987 5,334 4.750 5,144 20,216 E. Funds and programs provided to Ecuador in FY 1986 through nongovernmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Nongovernmental $11.1 million (41%) DA ESF P.L. 480 Title I P.L. 480 Title II Government of Ecuador $16.0 million (59%) $20.2 million (100%) $ 5.0 million (100%) $ 0.6 million (100%) Total $11.7 million (22%) $41.2 million (78%) *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Ecuadorean businesses. P.L. 480 Title I provided for the import of wheat which was sold for distribution through private commercial channels. 331 1163 1162 FY 1988 Program La le II. The proposed $378,000 FY 1988 P.L. 480 Title II program s nutritional assistance to vulnerable segments of the w population. This program, which is gradually being phased down, elemented by CRS and local PVOS. ofrector: Frank Almaguer The A.I.D. program proposed for FY 1988 will continue to address the constraints to equitable economic growth in Ecuador. The planned Development Assistance program totals $17.0 million, of which $1.3 million will be obligated for new activities and $15.7 million for ongoing efforts. An additional $17 million of ESF is requested. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. Agricultural development activities will receive 56.1 million in FY 1988. A.I.D. will provide funding for: the Agricultural Sector Reorientation project (518-0051); the Agricultural Research and Extension project (518-0068); the ongoing Land Titling project (518-0059); the Non-traditional Agricultural Exports project (518-0019); and the Andean Peace Scholarships program (518-0067). Health, Child Survival, and Population. Activities will continue to stress child survival and family planning outreach. Total funding of $4.1 million will be provided for the integrated Rural Health (Child Survival) project (518-0015); the population and Family Planning project (518-0026); Andean Peace Scholarships (518-0067); and Program Development and Support (518-0000). Education and Human Resources. Total funding of $3.6 million will support expansion of training in the United States under the Andean Peace Scholarships program, the Graduate Management Training project (518-0035) and a series of small narcotics education grants to Ecuadorean PVOS. A.I.D. will also finance technical skills training through private sector organizations. A.I.D. will provide $500.000 for a new project to establish a Binational Development Foundation (518-0066) in FY 1988. The purpose of this foundation will be to develop and institutionalize technical, cultural, scientific and overall development cooperation between Ecuadorean and American institutions. Selected Development Activities. Total A.I.D. funding for the account will be 53.2 million. The major new project planned for FY 1988 is the Development Planning and implementation project (518-0065). This project will seek to institutionalize and expand the reforms achieved by the current GOE administration. Initial funding of $800,000 for this three-year effort will be provided in FY 1988. Incremental funding will be provided for the Small Enterprise Development project (518-0056), the Financial Markets and Privatization project (518-0063), and to several PVOS. Urban Development. During FY 1988, A.I.D. will emphasize implementation of the existing Housing Guaranty projects. It is expected that 23,200 shelter solutions and home improvement loans will be completed by the end of the year. Economic Support Fund (ESF). To face the crisis which began in 1986, the GOE will need to continue special measures for management of external payment obligations and to sustain essential commodity and capital imports. To support this effort, a $17 million addition to the Economic Stabilization program (518-0058) will be required to encourage private investment, maintain balance-of-payment support, and assist public sector development projects. 333 332 1163 P.L. 480 Title II. The proposed $378,000 FY 1988 P.L. 480 Title II program will provide nutritional assistance to vulnerable segments of the Ecuadorean population. This program, which is gradually being phased down, will be implemented by CRS and local PVOs. Mission Director: Frank Almaguer 7 333 1165 SUANARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 513 BUREAU POR LATIN ASERICA AND CARIBBEAN ECUADOR PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 9 • LFY QR FY OF INITIAL FINAL QBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTHD -THROUGH FY95- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS CP 33 -ACTUAL FY36- 03LIG- PIPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91180 AIRICULTUR RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION -ESTINATED FY97- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 9 513-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 78 C 12.572 11.374 1.098 1.235 550 1,400 9 78 05 697 600 313-0012 INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOP.. AGRICULTURE 2.000 2.000 2.000 1.22 262 2100-sis --- 529 1 --- --- INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOP AGRICULTURE B00 9.800 0.000 5,112 - 2.152 --- 2.536 --- 513-0018 78*C RURAL YOUTH DEVEL. FOUNDATION --- 260 --- .92 --- . --- 518-0019 NON-TRADITIONAL #G EXPORTS --- 88 2.400 2.400 1.100 315 006 755 3 S18-0019 NON-TRADITIONAL AG EXPORTS 86 400 88 700 7.300 6,400 6.000 630 O. 2.400 2.444 1164 85 372 호 ​--- --- 1,600 1.600 006 1.600 2.000 661 240 7 GS OS 514-0023 G &2 FORESTRY SECTOR DEVELOIMENT 313-0023 L 82 POR ESTRY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 513-0031 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION - COPS) 6. 500 6,500 6.500 34 779 --- --- --- 282 00 82 1.700 () 340 360 340 2.000 263 39 38 --- --- --- --- --- 519-0032 RURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER --- 30 37 SYSTEN 5.700 5.300 3.700 2.123 1.000 416 600 300 2100-SIS 100 PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMER 37 COP) 275 275 150 75 66 50 100 --- SO 6S 513-0051 AS SECTOR REORIENTATION PROGRAM 7.100 7.100 700 --- 2.602 80 1.500 2. 109 1. 100 334 LCOO-OLS CO COAIENTATION 1.400 AOLOR $1&-OOS 7 OOL 110 17 200 $36 SMALL FARNER - OPG SUPPORT SERVICES --- 1.100 1.000 900 COS 2. 052 OSOO-IIS S. LAND TITLING 1.100 1.100 1.000 2.000 2.100 1.400 6500-1S 6B L ר SS 7.000 7.000 LAND TITLING OS OSL 200 175 SS & 275 51-0062 ON-ORO AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION-ORG 099 08: 200 100 300 303 .. 90 800 518-0067 3 ANDEAN PLACE SCHOLARSNIS --- 1.000 1.750 1.500 2.153 --- 6 87 5.000 5.000 89 --- --- 518-0068 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EXTENSION AND EDU --- 20 200 osz SSL --- C 518-9999 G 79 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S --- 7.400 15,402 6.117 12.673 9.166 10.890 22.122 47.635 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 62.040 59,893 4.209 6.303 8.432 4.117 6.673 7.090 23.895 16.231 GRANTS 1.100 8,70 4.977 2.000 6.000 30.040 28.793 32.000 31.100 3.100 23.800 5.691 LOANS POPULATION PLANNING 100 43 so SO so 163 0000-SIS . 3 62 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 937 1.106 1.542 1.333 990 2.343 937 06 519-0026 3 91 POPULATION AND PANILY PLANNING 12.000 5,600 335 'nod Cooler eco- 1165 SUNNARY or ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANO S OP DOLLAⓇS > BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIASEAN 513 ECUADOR CP PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OP PY OF INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- OOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 89 1.400 38 1.362 1.400 1.400 518-0051 L 3S AG SECTOR REORIENTATION PROGRAM 513-0057 6 SS SMALL FARNER SUPPORT SERVICES • OPG 100 150 53 147 200 87 144 397 350 1.100 92 300 750 1.000 900 385 89 513-0059 LAND TITLING 3.300 3.300 --- --- 1.400 17 1.100 1.000 1.100 2.100 2.000 35 39 518-0059 LANO TITLING 7.000 7.000 150 200 --- 175 50 35 89 275 513-0062 3 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION-OPG 680 680 --- 200 100 309 300 800 --- B6 99 513-0067 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIPS --- --- --- 2.153 1.000 1.750 1,500 87 G 89 5.000 5.000 --- --- --- 250 20 155 200 с 6,117 12.673 15,402 7.400 22.122 10.890 9,186 47.695 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 62.040 59.893 POPULATION PLANNING 43 100 50 SO 50 163 3 79 1.542 1,533 950 937 1,106 4.491 937 2.343 90 513-0026 POPULATION AND PANILY PLANNING 12.000 5.600 513-0068 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH EXTENSION AND EDU 513-9999 6 73 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG'S 4,117 8,432 6.300 6,673 16.231 7.090 4,209 23.895 GRANTS 30.040 28.793 32.000 31.100 2.000 6.000 1.100 6,970 3.800 4.977 5,891 23.800 LOANS 519-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 'Reten to the planned property that 335 Clowl of effort echty FY final obligation com- AR projects in this column with an initial obligation doublon December 31, 1900 ond on the other and a Podpreten willen de Doctor 31,100th FY a lotion de 1166 1167 SURSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSLO ROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARINDEAN CP 86 1 PY OF FY OP I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG LOP PLANNED 4UTND -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXOEN- ATIONS OITURES - 1760 91110 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN ATIONS DI TURIS -9110c -ESTINATED FY87- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURLS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 12.000 5.600 2.457 981 1.206 1.590 1.583 1.000 GRANTS 12.000 5.600 2.457 987 1.206 1,500 1.583 1.000 LOANS --- 200 C 679 G PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 165 300 250 100 1 50 5.771 5.130 5.130 065 --- 1.213 INTEGRATIO RURAL WEALTH DELIVERY SYSTER 641 1.236 --- 1.600 3 INTEGRATED RURAL MEAL DELIVERY SYSTEN 7.233 1.235 7,235 3,905 --- 1.530 --- 005 269 --- . STRENGTHENING COLRUNITY ON. (OPG) 135 155 --- --- 135 --- --- 130 25 6 IS 36 3.000 3.000 2.500 6 005 291 1.116 --- 800 --- --- 6.500 6.500 2.500 3 4,000 1.437 1.691 1.400 so SB 645 400 ... 245 PRIV SECTOR NEAL IN DEL MODELOP3 645 61 --- 180 --- 240 5 87 06 700 --- . ANOLAN PEACE SCHOLARSNIPS --- --- 100 75 300 250 ACCOUNT TOTAL 1.10 3.0 ооо KONTS LOANS 799 200 70 TOO 1.200 1.ISO OOS 006 7° C S --- --- 2. 100 1.400 5.360 PROGIAN DEVELOPENT ANO INTEGRATED RURAL HEALIN DELIVERY SYSTEN 1 91 370 $ 1.000 осо, 2. 100 1.400 370 --- 1.000 5.360 360 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT ޑްރާގެ oos GRANTS 233 760 LOANS 268 622 106 395 --- EDUCATION AND NUMAN RESOURCES 1,279 350 --- 1.600 79 370 1.300 600 930 1610 -- 1.300 1.300 3.500 os 209 227 6 TRAINING POR DEVELOPMENT 518-0035 GRADUATE MANAGEMENT TRAINING 515-0036 10.000 10.000 --- --- --- --- 1.000 21 1.000 1.000 81 226 323 323 29 6 337 MIN doc ¿CUADOR PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE : NEALTM 519-0006 S100-SIS S18-0015 518-0033 518-0049 SALARIA CONTROL 511-0049 TALARIA CONTROL 0900-015 2900-15 FOND SURVIVAL CAILO 0000-PIS SUPPORT $1$-0015 519-0000 POGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 518-0017 REVENUE SENERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT 8500-685 OCATIONAL EDUCATION JEVELOPNENT - OPG) Motorro Coorlon SO FY- 1167 SURSARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) C! 88 -THROUGN PY85- OOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED PY87- DILIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYO- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 600 5.357 5,630 5.334 4.705 1.041 6,916 400 3.065 2.292 70 250 200 100 --- --- --- --- 1,200 1.850 300 900 --- --- --- --- 2.100 1.400 370 1.000 --- --- 2.100 1,400 1.000 370 --- --- ... EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 760 253 300 268 1.279 356 622 480 6 79 C 106 --- --- 350 345 370 930 80 3 TRAINING FOR DEVELOPENT 1.300 1.300 1.300 600 1.600 1,690 3.500 --- --- --- 227 --- 209 --- 1.000 564 G 93 1.000 1.000 --- --- 21 --- 31 --- 226 328 328 320 337 Cotton Ictivity FYfirlition solumn - All project in this colich an initiation de botone Do 31.10 on the authorized by fed initiation des Dec 31,100FY of line option is planned Gone BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIG SEAN $18 ECUADOR PROJECT NO. PY OF PY OP AND TITLE 1 INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUT NO TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 24.006 22.665 3.039 1.041 1,739 1.334 8,709 1.010 GRANTS --- 10.271 8.930 13.735 13.735 2.591 2.975 9.735 3.908 6.000 LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 79 C 513-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 5,360 5.360 513-0015 INTEGRATED RURAL HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEN 5.360 5.360 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT GRANTS 5.360 5.360 LOANS .. 519-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPAENT ANO SUPPORT 518-0017 513-0035 G GRADUATE NANAGEMENT TRAINING 10.000 10.000 515-0036 REVENUE SENERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT 82 83 G 513-0038 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT - (OPG) 'Roten to the planned project 1168 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 518 BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN ECUADOR 9 • L PY OP FY OF I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG ODLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGN FY95- OBLIGEXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91780 CP 89 -ACTUAL PY96- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . 35 -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 388 308 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 338 43 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 15 2 S6 165 2. 200 2.200 2. 200 --- --- 165 231 --- 006 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION COPG) 85 --- 635 1.069 635 635 273 --- 244 518-0046 TECHNICAL TRAINING . 86 • OPG 611 110 571 --- --- 611 36 40 163 6 SPECIAL EDUCATION RESOURCE CTRS (OPG) 33 95 So 212 os 200 --- --- 48 4,097 --- G 26 TECHNICAL SKILLS DEVELOPAENT 813-0061 CNILO, PANILY, I CONN DEV - OPG 597 140 --- --- --- --- 9 --- --- 07 210 200 640 640 280 150 220 201 160 225 8 87 91 216 1.000 --- --- --- 9. 88 90 300 2.000 50 400 300 -0. 07 --- 1.600 500 200 6666-835 400 C --- --- 300 600 400 --- ... --- 567 400 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 25.849 17.749 7.611 1.999 4.750 2.129 2.915 GRANTS 6.158 3.600 5. 104 25.14 17.74 7.611 1.999 LOANS 6.750 2.129 2.915 6.15 3.600 5. 104 338 ACT 0000-OIS 70 1.00 AND 7.7 7.O SELECTED DEVELOPMENT 1 PROGRAR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT 518-000 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT с 200 200 170 200 ACTIVITIES 160 9 . OPG 566 366 40 INTEGRATED COR. o AIO 78 317 212 269 1.400 657 703 240 204 78 --- 123 --- 3 35 09 09 2 SS --- 65 --- 1 20 --- 1169 460 56 87 1. SOO 7 680 rs $35 420 099 1.099 S18-0042 PISCAL ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 2.600 2.600 --- --- --- --- 1.250 1.200 1.000 85 1 1.002 67 2.250 2.250 237 42 65 95 65 --- 65 237 237 493 623 86 900 400 MACRO ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS 1.300 1.300 1.560 600 1.225 700 600 --- 150 200 --- 518-0061 68 180 OS --- 120 700 700 EMILES FAMILYI come dei . es ORG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 518-0041 INSTITUT! - OPG 513-0042 FISCAL ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 518-0043 515-0045 518-0055 511-0064 NARCOTICS EDUCATION 311-0066 SINATIONAL POUNDATION 511-0067 G ANDEAN PLACE SCHOLARSHIPS 7 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 200-SIS 6200-ILS 796 800 G $1 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 51-002 91 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Sources 51-0033 STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY JRG. COPG) 1.450 1.650 204 204 518-0040 > NICRO ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT (OPG) 516-0042 PISCAL ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 518-0048 TECN TRAINING FOR THE FINANCE SECTOR-OPG 518-0050 519-0036 6 66 SNALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 3.200 5.000 339 Cindorty on coton - Achcom within tone teler December 31, 1900 to the world 1169 SUNRAY OF (IN THOUSANDS OP OOLLARS) ACTIVE ANOPRO.se*OJECTS JUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 515 ECUADOR CP $$ PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L Y OP PY OP | INITIAL PINAL 6 OILIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 2.358 1,600 334 656 787 C 250 576 760 554 200 69 200 170 556 200 160 C 40 199 39 33 546 85 586 586 212 317 269 798 91 798 800 --- --- --- --- --- 240 1.400 703 657 31 ... --- 1.450 1.650 --- --- 123 3 78 204 204 204 --- --- --- 120 85 --- 255 660 35 660 460 --- 1.099 660 420 835 7 7 680 1,500 35 87 G 2.600 2.600 1.200 --- 1.002 --- 49 --- 1.250 1.000 95 L 87 2.250 2.250 65 65 65 --- --- --- 42 237 95 237 237 --- --- 493 --- 623 400 900 184 700 600 600 . 1.560 39 --- 3,200 5.000 --- ... 200 SO 180 --- 150 120 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 513-0000 3 79 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 518-0004 679 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 513-0021 3 INTEGRATED COMM. DEV OPG 518-0029 3 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 513-0029 L ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES 513-0033 93 STRENGT MENING COMMUNITY JRG. COPG) 518-0040 MICRO ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT (OPG) 518-0042 FISCAL ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 518-0042 FISCAL ANINISTRATION DEVELOPMENT 518-0048 3 34 TECH TRAINING FOR THE FINANCE SECTOR-OPG S18-0050 MACRO ECONOMIC POLICY ANALYSIS 1.300 1.300 1.225 513-0056 3 SMALL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 35 39 700 700 518-0061 CHILD, PANILY3 CON DEV - OPG 'Refors to the planned projecte 339 Cual of attentivity FY of fuel buion con- Al project to this sumn with an initial obligation date before December 31, 1908 en bed on the authorind die Ford pro co with initial obtion date e December 31, 1983 the FY of final obligation is bed on . planned data 1170 S13 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) ECUADOR • LFY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGM FY85- ODLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 89 3 37 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 09 2.500 - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- - PROPOSED FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 88 90 --- --- 750 2.000 50 650 500 с 800 6 78 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 300 --- --- --- --- 274 250 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.776 7.679 3.200 4.785 19,595 11.887 3.700 3,900 3,385 3.894 2.993 2.400 2.776 457 3,544 1,250 751 3. 200 3.783 1.**0 1.002 87 416 --- 150 150 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 518-0063 PINANCIAL MARKETS AND PRIVATIZATION 518-0065 DEVELOPNENT PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION 518-9999 23,205 15,787 10.079 3.342 GRANTS LOANS ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 518-0057 SOS SMALL PARAER SUPPORT SERVICES • OPG 513-0058 6 85 88 ECONONIC STABILIZATION PROGRAM 513-0999 6 37 37 LOCAL COST SUPPORT 53,531 24,216 4.000 20.216 24,000 12.315 12.315 105 105 17.000 17.000 - 185 185 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 56.130 26,815 4,414 --- 20.216 26.000 GRANTS 12.500 12.550 17.000 56,130 26.815 17.150 LOANS 20,216 24.003 12.500 --- --- 12.650 17.000 17.150 340 DIVU COUNTA TOTAL TOTAL 1512 92...7 39.. 7-321 44.750 4.7.. ..OOO ORANTS 23.0.2 36.271 36.04T 27.761 33.763 $2.000 30.175 LOANS 39.935 10.236 9.OSO 6.703 1.10 11.001 2.000 1171 341 Culori - color, 1171 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TNOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 80 SUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA ANO CARIBIEAN 510 -PROPOSED P786 OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ECUADOR -ESTIMATED F787- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH PYSS- OILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LPY OP FY OP LOP INITIAL FINAL PLANNED GOBLIG DILIG AUTHD PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 36.000 47.469 47,321 46.750 28.341 35.338 COUNTRY TOTAL 92.887 206. 670 151.869 TOTAL 32.000 38.175 33,783 38,271 36.047 27.741 25.012 56,952 GRANTS 9.294 2.000 11.001 1.100 6, 703 157,235 103. 134 49,435 48,735 9.050 10,256 35,935 LOANS 'Roten to the play 341 dottort FY of ion co-white window for December 31, and without Podrejtat 31. the meltiniai 1172 1173 DA NEW FY 92 PLANNED PROGRAM SUNARY SHEET Funding AG, RD IN Health morOSED OBLIGATION Source to showdood Binational Foundation for Cooperation and Development FY 88 Lite of Project Funding 500 2.000 Population 518-0066 ED. WR Sol. Act Inidd o Wigation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 2 MNT LOAN O CONTINUING 500 FY 88 FY 90 Purpose: To establish a Binational Foundation for Cooperation Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The and Development to foster technical, educational, cultural, Binational Foundation will be a private Ecuadorean entity. As scientific, economic and overall development cooperation a PVO, the Foundation will assist A.I.D. to design, fund, between Ecuadorean and American institutions. implement, and/or monitor implementation, of selected social and economic development activities that are in line with Project Description: The creation of the Foundation is based A.I.D.'s development strategy for Ecuador. on the premise that A.1.D. will eventually phase out its Mission in Ecuador and that the developmental objectives now Host Country and Other Donors: It is expected that A.I.D. served by A.I.D. can be met by the Foundation. would provide no more than 75% of the Foundation's initial costs. The Government of Ecuador will make in kind and cash In order to prepare itself to fulfill this role, the contributions to this effort, including ESF local currency. Foundation would begin by undertaking a series of activities to develop and/or strengthen viable and durable professional Beneficiaries: Low-income groups will be the primary focus of linkages between Ecuadorean and American development the Foundation: institutions, both public and private. Following is an illustrative list of such activities: Major Outputs All Years assist selected PVOs and low income communities throughout Individuals trained 250 the country in financing discrete social and economic Development projects funded and implemented 15 development projects; assist selected private and public organizations in A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life of Project (5000) financing short- and long-term training in the United D.A. Institutional Support 1,000 States; Technical Assistance 1,000 set up professional seminars in Ecuador to provide TOTAL 2,000 continuing education to Ecuadoreans trained in the United States; provide short-term scholarships so that selected Ecuadoreans who studied in the United States can return to update their skills; establish inter-institutional exchange programs between a variety of Ecuadorean and U.S. institutions; increase the availability of U.S. professional and technical Journals to Ecuadoreans; and facilitate the membership in U.S. professional societies of Ecuadoreans who studied in the United States. U. FINANCING (In thousand tollen Obledon Prince Contraton Ecuador pter 10 1960 500 LYC son 000 401 342 AM A TEO TA LON SIA-0065 Pusponor To enhance the TO. O he covereen ET AD de san and Ecuador to identify priority development problems and co worden Implement strategies to addres. those probleme. Project Description: The 1988 election will usher in a ne democratic adminitration in Ecuador. It i. expected that projeet directly uppere much will have been accomplished by that time to cutablish. prioriti... It 11 institutional development, and economie Relat Long Lorodos privata.cor SoundToConsehentas sound framework for private-sector-led economic development. economic growth in urey and Support A.I.D.-soa of foreca To consolidate and institutionalise and polley framework, the enhance the capability of Ecuadorcan 1 noc flucione torage development. proposed project will provide serietance to the new GOR in the following illustrative areas: Host Country and Other Doner. The project 111 be contribution will coordinated with other doner min.lone. The hoot country 1. Economic Polley. be largely in-kind. Thie project will provide technical ..tatance in economic policy formulation. As the new Beneficiaries: adaintetration takes office, it will require chi sentetance A sound polley framework 111 encourage to evaluate part policies, make sodifications, and move ceononte growth wich equity which will result in benetita forward with reformas not coapleted under the previoue throughout the economy, especially for lov 1 acome groupe. adat nistration. Major Output Poltelee Laplemented All Year Employment Generation. Individuals Trained Under the activity, asaletance 2. so 11 be provided to the GOE and to private sector entities to develop an employment generation strategy. A.I.D. belleves A.1.D. F1 nanced Ipput. Life of Project ( 80002 that this type of assistance will address what will very Technical Assistance 1, 700 11kely be the priority problea of the new administration. Training 500 Equipment 100 The contraction of the GOE Public Investment Policies. 2,000 Total 3. budget due to revenue shortioll, vil1 result in the need for detailed analyses prior to determining public investment priorities. Municipal Revenue Generation. An inberitance of the 4. 011-rich 1970s 19 nearly complete financial dependence of municipalities on the central government. In 1986 A.I.D. provided assistance to the GOE to examine GOE/municipal Progress in reducing this revenue sharing alternatives. U & FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Pringle Contetono Owinodon Expandlr Unik widend Thrown September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Erdim Tot Coo futuro YOO tono Estimated Through September 30, 1,200 2.000 800 Propood Firee Y 1908 343 AJO 3707 (11-45) 1173 ated States CH 1* ! WS NEW MORA Ecuador PLANNED PROGRAM SUNDARY SHEET Funding AG, RD AN Health Development Planning and Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION fia thondo Implementation DA FY 88 Life of Project Funding 800 2.000 Number 518-0065 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project GRANTO LOA CONTINUING 800 FY 88 FY 90 Purpose: To enhance the capabilities of the Government ce FY 91 dependence will be a task for the government elected in 1988. Ecuador to identify priority development problems and to design and implement strategies to address those problems. Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy. This project directly supports A.I.D. private sector strengthening, Project Description: The 1988 election will usher in a new institutional development, and economic policy reform democratic adainistration in Ecuador. It is expected that priorities. It will support A.I.D.'s goal of increasing much will have been accomplished by that time to establish a economic growth with equity and enhance the capability of sound framework for private-sector-led economic development. Ecuadorean institutions to manage development. To consolidate and institutionalize and policy framework, the proposed project will provide assistance to the new GOE in the Host Country and Other Donors: The project will be following illustrative areas: coordinated with other donor missions. The host country contribution will be largely in-kind. 1. Economic Policy. This project will provide technical assistance in economic policy formulation. As the new Beneficiaries: A sound policy framework will encourage administration takes office, it will require this assistance economic growth with equity which will result in benefits to evaluate past policies, make modifications, and move throughout the economy, especially for low-income groups. forward with reforms not completed under the previous Major Outputs All Years administration. Policies Implemented 2. Employment Generation. Individuals Trained Under this activity, assistance will be provided to the GOE and to private sector entities to develop an employment generation strategy. A.I.D. believes Life of Project ($000) A.I.D. Financed Inputs that this type of assistance will address what will very Technical Assistance 1,400 500 11kely be the priority problem of the new administration. Training Equipment 100 3. Public Investment Policies. The contraction of the GOE Total 2,000 budget due to revenue shortfalls will result in the need for detailed analyses prior to determining public investment priorities. 50 4. Municipal Revenue Generation. An inheritance of the oil-rich 1970s is nearly complete financial dependence of municipalities on the central government. In 1986 A.I.D. provided assistance to the GOE to examine GOE/municipal revenue sharing alternatives. Progress in reducing this U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollar) Obligations Expenditures Principal Contractors or Agencies Unliquidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cort 2.000 Proposed Fiscal Yes 1988 800 1,200 343 AID 3707 (11-85) 1174 1175 ONEN DOOR Ecuador PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Tide Funding AG, RD EN Health MOPOSED OBLIGATION Source flashed Private Voluntary Organizations - Operational Program Grants (OPG) FY 88 Uits of Project Funding DA 155 976 Continuing Number 518-9999 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act Initia Obligation Estimated Find Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 12 GRANT O LOAN S CONTINUING 547 274 FY 78 FY Continuing FY Continuing Purpose: To strengthen the capacity of indigenous and U.S. e.g. producer associations, banker associations, and chanbers private and voluntary organizations (PVOs) to undertake of commerce. innovative and high-impact social and economic development activities in Ecuador. Host Country and Other Donors: PVOs are selected on the basis of their potential as well as actual strength of non-A.I.D. Project Description: The operational program grant (OPG) support. An important objective of many OPGs is to increase mechanism is an effective tool to promote and encourage the capacity of Pros to mobilize continuing budget support development-oriented actions by local and U.S. organizations. In from the Government of Ecuador, private sources, and other Ecuador, OPGs have addressed development problems in rural health external donors. Participating PvOs make cash and in-kind and potable water, integrated community development, and contributions equal to at least 25% of the total OPG project vocational and technical skills training for poor urban and rural cost. youths. Beneficiaries: During FY 1988, A.I.D. will finance social and economic The PVos themselves will benefit substantially From OPG-Pinanced training, technical assistance, and development OPGs that can have a significant impact on the commodities which increase their capacity to plan, design, poorest segments of Ecuador's society, both in urban and rural execute, and evaluate development projects. The ultimate areas. OPGS will be directed at the service delivery, technical beneficiaries will be the rural and urban poor who receive skills training, drug use prevention and education, employment services which improve their socio-economic status. and income-generation needs of rural and urban low-income groups. The establishment of an Indigenous PVO umbrella Ma for Outputs All Years organization to represent and provide technical assistance and PVOS strengthened other services to its members will be studied in FY 1988. A.I.D. PVOS providing basic health and edu- has established a systematic dialogue with U.S. and local PVos to cation services to poor people 2 discuss country development strategies and generate ideas for PVos providing assistance to small high-impact projects, thereby assuring the proper mix of businesses 1 activities to help the target population. PVOs involved in narcotics awareness and drug use prevention 1 Relationship of Project to A.1.D. Country Strategy: A.1.0. PVOs providing technical skills training assigns high priority to OPcs that are consistent with its overall country strategy. A.I.D. uses PGs to assist with A.1.0. Financed Inputs FY 1988 (5000) Institutional strengthening; transfer low-cost, appropriate Grants to PVOS 976 technologies; develop human resources, particularly in technical TOTAL 976 skills; test methods of assisting micro-enterprises; Increase participation of women in the development process; and strengthen progressive elements of the private sector, Principal Contractions or U PINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Untiquidated Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, turYCO OLLotions Canto Preporodice YCD88 226 AID 370-7 (11-06) Looted To Cost CARL Lowas Peru 345 1175 ! Peru 345 1176 1177 FY 98 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA •FOREIGN TRADE 20, 210 MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 )FISHMEAL .COTTON . SUGAR TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, NID 1986) PER CAPITA GNP. (DOLLARS, 1984) 1.000 EXPORTS TO U.S. ($ MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) 1,094 (1984) 1,274 (1985)1.047 AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 41% (1984) 43% (1985) 36% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE.. (1965-84) -0.1% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 56.7% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION.. ( 1972) 1.9% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 60.6 (1970) TOTAL 54.8 MAJOR IMPORTS( 1994 ) FOODSTUFFS . MACHINERY . TRANSP. EQ. IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS. US, CIF) (1983) 989 (1984) 826 (1985) 545 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 42% (1984) 41% (1985) 30% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 294(84) 1,008 (85) 1,095 TRADING PARTNERS : UNITED STATES JAPAN , GERMANY, FEDER MALE 58.7 NALE 53.0 FEMALE 62.6 FENALE 56.3 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1972) TOTAL 73% MALE 83% FEMALE 62% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) 89.4% COUNTRY: (527) PERU *BASIC DATA AGRICULTURE AMWUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO). (1984) (1984) 607 18.8% -2.4% AGRICULTURAL PROOUCTION AS % OF GOP ......... (1984) • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LANO (1963) sa POPULATION GROWTH RATE .(1970) 2.8% (1978) 2.6% (1906) 2.6% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS .. (1970) 57% (1986) 70% MAJOR CROP(S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (1970) 6 (1986) 3 SUBSISTENCE: POTATOES ,CORN ,BANANAS 18% (1985) CASH: COTTON ,RICE SUGARCANE 12% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 VRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1981) 41.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) COFFEE . SUGARCANE COTTON POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 40.4% (15-64VRS) 56.0% (65+ YRS) 3.6% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) WHEAT .CORN .DAIRY PRODS. INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1985) 36% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN (1963) 1.312 •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (3 MILLIONS. U.S.) DISEASE (1979) INFLUENZA-ORIPPE, MALARIA MEASLES-ROUGEOLE DEATH.. (1978) OTHER PNEUMONIA .DIARRHOEAL DIS. TUBERCULOSIS TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, .) ( ) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 97% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (6 MILLIONS. U.S.) ( .) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES ) X TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GMP X PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 1 17 MALE 122 FEMALE SECONOARY ( 1DRO) TOTAL MALE 36.0 FEMALE 40.7 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. POST SECONDARY.. (1980) TOTAL MALE 16.5 FEMALE 1.1 SOMILLIONS. U.S.) (1903) 1.765 (-4) 1.630 (88) 9.527 toutVALENT TO 6.1 MONTHS O IMPORTS (1999) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 346 . :} :: :: 10 GEIRO í BOA TOTALS L8S*LT 0 shades TIF. One pantywer = 2,087 houn. PO ceryoner til in Waining from the ZELZS You to won of participant sere starta FY 1906 817 19 17,587 FY 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (9000) Estimated) 31 teetinal Disaster Assistance le Dore total for ESF includes $250,000 in local cost support. FY 1986 Total PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA A Estimated) FÝ 1987 Total 1861 3 97 24 palluny 15 72,50 27.50 equardent wortymer of employment. Include HIG, excese property, and I personnel PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE FY 1987 45 67.75 (Request) 67.75 SL2 CLASAMDP). Participanta funded under regional programa (often d Perticipante funded under bilateral programe Technicali non degree reking 14,200 14,200 (Request) FY 1988 0 5 జర్ట్ 45 FY 1988 192 409 L2.75 I (Request) FY 1988 Total 1177 3 ERU. Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (5000) FY 1986 FY 1987 (Actual) (Estimated) 17,587 14,500 0 17,587 14,500 Development Assistance Loan Grant FY 1988 (Request) 14,200 0 14,200 Economic Support Fund Loan Grant 7,000 0 7,000 5,000 2 0 5,000 10,000 0 10,000 Wher 193 1 TOTALS 24,780 19,500 24,200 IL 480 27,952 27,348 18,152 Title 1 20,000 20,000 10,000 Title 11 7,952 7,348 8,152 TOTALS 52,732 46,848 42,352 ootnotes: 1 International Disaster Assistance The above total por ESF includes $250,000 in local cost support. lastust. 50 PERSONNEL DATA - MISSION DIRECT HIRE 1986 FY FY 1987 Category FY 1988 ( (Estimated) (Request) U.S. National 22.75 22.75 45 Foreign National 45 45 LOIALS 72.50 67.75 67.75 Total full time equivalent workyears of employment. Include HIC, exces property, and IC personnel Excludes TDP. One workyes = 2,087 hours. PARTICIPANT TRAINING DATA FY 1986 FY 1987 FY 1988 Ab *** AY1 h. *WIN*************** Spo Category Actual) (Estimated) (Request) T Total А T Total A T Total U.S. Participants Bilaterald 16 44 58 203 261 108 409 517 Regional 33 46 79 15 87 192 215 Third Country Participants Bilaterald 13 43 56 24 51 34 166 200 Regionale 1 1 35 35 2 46 48 TOTALS 62 118 180 97 361 458 167 813 980 In-training refers to the sum of participant new starts Technical: non-degree seeking during the FY & carryoven stili in training from the prior FY. d Participants funded under biletenal programe Aandemic: degree seeking Participanta funded under regional programs (eg, CLASE, AMDP). ID 3703) 347 1178 1179 PERU serves as the U.S. Government brought Peru under Brooke-Alexander tur, aut Section 620 (q) sanctions several times during FY 1986. Peru pri murages intermittently during the year and the continuing - para tus supported a gradually improving bilateral relationship. Cos'stance program in Peru has a number of objectives. The Toints: maintenance of constitutional and democratic government in Peru, tolg way fron the statist legacy of past military governments Sert espansion and strengthening of private sector institutions, neigting controlling the leftist terrorist threat to democratic Introduction After the first civilian transfer of power in over 40 years, the Government of Peru (GOP) under President Alan Garcia made some progress in improving the economic welfare of the Peruvian people. In its first year in office the GOP was able to increase income and employment and cut inflation. The government, however, produced few results in attacking the basic problems that have caused social conditions to deteriorate and the economy to stagnate for the last ten years. Per capita income is lower than 10 years ago and about the same as it was 20 years ago. Outside Lima, malnutrition levels are high, and over half the children under age six suffer from chronic malnutrition. Health conditions are poor, particularly in the rural areas, where agriculture has not yet recovered from the statist policies of the military government of the 1970s. The leftist "Sendero Luminoso" (Shining Path) insurgency and terrorist movement which arose during the long period of stagnation creates obstacles to restoring social and economic growth. The government is also devoting considerable time and resources to combatting the illegal coca trade. Investment and savings have lagged in Peru, and little investment has been made in new productive facilities. Peru has been hard hit in recent years by falling commodity prices which have severely affected the balance-of-payments. In mid-1984, Peru began to fall behind in meeting its debt service obligations; arrearages are now about equal to yearly exports. Peru is a poor country with whole regions of absolute poverty. As much as 60% of the economically active population is unemployed or underemployed. Less than half the population have access to potable water. Half of the pre-school-aged population suffer some degree of malnutrition, and hunger is a serious problem in many parts of the country. The GOP is strongly committed to democracy and has widespread popular support. In the economic and social spheres, the GOP's emphasis is on promoting development through a lowered population growth rate, as well as on increasing agricultural production and promoting rural development while providing increased health and other social services to the rural and urban poor, especially in the poorest Andean regions which are wracked by terrorist insurgency. The GOP has vigorously opposed the terrorist groups and the coca traffickers, devoting increased resources to controlling these threats to democracy. Recently, the GOP undertook a new initiative to address the most basic of development issues, lowered population growth through improved and expanded family planning services. An emergency plan for 1987 was completed in January 1987. The government's measures to bring short-run improvements in living standards include limiting debt service payments to 10% of export earnings. Peru's position has led to difficulties with private banks and with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which has declared it ineligible for new drawings. berus efforts to eliminate the illegal narcotics trade; W forts to achieve increased and sustained economic growth with betaler eachasis on the reactivation and recapitalization of the ultural sector; reducing malnutrition, improving health conditions, promoting rural te velopment, providing improved housing, and expanding family planing services; policy dialogue with the GOP to analyze economic problems and to put in place policies that will allow sustained economic growth in Peu, reestablishment of good relations with Peru's creditors and Topliance with debt service obligations; and interoved administration of Justice and respect for human rights. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date, karkol ture, Rural Development and Nutrition. Because of past government saragement of the agriculture sector and the flight of qualified personel from public and private enterprises in the 1970s, A.I.D. is de boling to rebuild institutions for technology transfer and for formulation #agricultural policies. A.1.D. is also assisting the GOP, Peruvian aniversities and the private sector in a broad range of activities to Trebuild the research, extension and education system. Based on an palation by a Title XII university, the new Agricultural Technology Tresformation project (527-0282) starting in FY 1987 will consolidate activities begun under the Agricultural Research, Extension and Education profect (527-6192), Soil Conservation project (527-0220), and other projects. It will include strengthening agricultural programs of Peruvian universities and support for extension activities by private producer and enteting associations. An evaluation of the Agricultural Planning and Institutional Development project (527-0238) indicated that it is making progress on improved agricultural policies and incentives to adopt modern agricultural production and marketing methods. The Central Selva Resource Management project (527-0240) is developing new forestry and agricultural systems to help protect forests and solls in the humid Amazonean tropics. 348 349 1179 Arrearages to the U.S. Government brought Peru under Brooke-Alexander Amendment and Section 620 (q) sanctions several times during FY 1986. Peru paid official arrearages intermittently during the year and the continuing Á.I.D. program has supported a gradually improving bilateral relationship. The V.S. assistance program in Peru has a number of objectives. The program supports: the maintenance of constitutional and democratic government in Peru, moving away from the statist legacy of past military governments toward expansion and strengthening of private sector institutions, including controlling the leftist terrorist threat to democratic government; Peru's efforts to eliminate the illegal narcotics trade; GOP efforts to achieve increased and sustained economic growth with particular emphasis on the reactivation and recapitalization of the agricultural sector; reducing malnutrition, improving health conditions, promoting rural development, providing improved housing, and expanding family planning services; a policy dialogue with the GOP to analyze economic problems and to put in place policies that will allow sustained economic growth in Peru, reestablishment of good relations with Peru's creditors and compliance with debt service obligations; and improved administration of justice and respect for human rights. A.I.D. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. Because of past government mismanagement of the agriculture sector and the flight of qualified personnel from public and private enterprises in the 1970s, A.I.D. is helping to rebuild institutions for technology transfer and for formulation of agricultural policies. A.I.D. is also assisting the GOP, Peruvian universities and the private sector in a broad range of activities to rebuild the research, extension and education system. Based on an evaluation by a Title XII university, the new Agricultural Technology Transformation project (527-0282) starting in FY 1987 will consolidate activities begun under the Agricultural Research, Extension and Education project (527-0192), Soil Conservation project (527-0220), and other projects. It will include strengthening agricultural programs of Peruvian universities and support for extension activities by private producer and marketing associations. An evaluation of the Agricultural Planning and Institutional Development project (527-0238) indicated that it is making progress on Improved agricultural policies and incentives to adopt modern agricultural production and marketing methods. The Central Selva Resource Management project (527-0240) is developing new forestry and agricultural systems to help protect forests and soils in the humid Amazonean tropics. 1 349 1181 1180 In nutrition, operational program grants with U.S. and Peruvian agencies carrying out P.L. 480 Title II feeding programs are supporting activities in the Sierra areas where malnutrition is most severe and are making maternal and child feeding programs and food-for-work programs part of integrated community development programs. An evaluation of the Church World Service/Peruvian Evangelical Service of Social Action (SEPAS) program contribut to improved management of its large reforestation program in the Sierra. Selected Development Activities. The Private sector Policy Planning and institutional Development project (527-0298) is supporting an organization to carry out policy research and analysis for the private sector and present business Interests more effectively to the Peruvian Government. The project also assists the Central Bank, Ministry of Economics and Finance, and the National Planning Institute to carry out basic studies on ways to increase private sector growth and efficiency. The Institute for Liberty and Democracy also is being assisted in its studies of ways to improve the legal and social framework for small private enterprise. 1.1.490 Pregrass. The fitle II program provides food supplements to poor srban and rural groups through four U.S. PVOS and their local affiliates. In cooperation with GOP agencies, the food is used in maternal and child tes) th programs to promote nutrition, primary health care and preschool education, and in food-for-work projects for reforestation, rural public works and infrastructure, and training in income-producing skills. The Title I program provides needed food imports to help meet Peru's chronic deficits. The self-help measures in the agreement are a major part of the policy dialogue with the GOP on agricultural and food policy measures and are integrated with A.I.D.'s agriculture projects. Title I local currency from commodity sales is used to finance development projects in the Andean regions threatened by leftist terrorists, and for projects supported by A.I.D. Health and Child Survival. A.I.D.'s health program concentrates on institutional development of primary health care providers and increased service delivery, particularly of child survival services including family planning. A comprehensive A.1.0.-financed Peruvian health sector analysis was completed in 1986 by the Ministry of Health, Social Security Institute, Pan American Health Organization, Peruvian universities, and the State University of New York (Stony Brook). It provided the basis for improved cooperation by Peruvian health agencies and more cost-effective health services and policies. A national nutrition and health survey contributed to better understanding of health and nutrition problems. Both studies provided the basis to formulate the new Child Survival Action project (527-0285), starting in 1987, to provide increased public and private sector delivery of diarrhea control, immunization, nutrition education, and family planning services targeted to those most in need of assistance to reduce infant and child mortality rates. Grants to private and voluntary organizations (PVOS), including those with Title Il feeding programs, have allowed them to increase child survival activities in 1986 and 1987. An evaluation of the Rural Water and Environmental Sanitation project (527-0221) in 1986 indicated that it will finance construction of 1,200 water systems, far exceeding its original goal of 600. About 5% of the rural population will get potable water from this project. Population Planning. The Private Sector Family Planning project (527-0269) which began in FY 1986 is assisting several private Peruvian family planning agencies to expand services on a cost-effective basis and improve communication and coordination. Also, in FY 1986 the private sector social marketing program for contraceptives received the needed official decrees to begin sales in FY 1987. The program is funded with a grant under the Integrated Family Planning and Health project (527-0230). Education and Human Resources. Through the Peru component of the LAC Regional Training Initiatives II project, the scholarship program provided training in development issues for women entrepreneurs and journalists. Academic and short courses in agriculture, health, and private sector development were also continued. The Private Sector Management Improvement project (527-0272) is working with five private educational institutions to provide management training in small business, international commerce, and agro-industry. A new Andean Peace Scholarships (527-0313) initiative will be started in FY 1987. The program will provide training in the United States to help meet the priority economic, social and political needs of Peru, and will target disadvantaged groups who have previously ed access to such training. Ecoccale Support Fund. ESF assistance is used to finance the Administration of Justice project (527-0303) which works with the Ministry of Justice, Public Prosecutor's office, and the courts in a wide-ranging effort to analyze the sources of inefficiency and discrimination in the Peruvian judicial system and to provide corrective measures. ESF assistance is also financing two continuing projects which complement Peruvian efforts related to the eradication of coca and control of sarcotics trafficking. The Upper Huallaga Area Development project (527-9244) provides agricultural support and community services in an area where efforts are being directed to eradicate coca production and eliminate drug trafficking. An evaluation of the project was completed in FY 1987. The Narcotics Education and Public Awareness project (527-0288) is increasing awareness of narcotics issues among the Peruvian public. Disaster Relief and Reconstruction. The program, which provided assistance la response to the "El Nino" flood and drought disaster of 1983, will be concluded in mid FY 1987 with the completion of numerous local projects to replace infrastructure and to reactivate local agricultural production. Section 109 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.I.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Peru in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: 351 350 1181 Selected Development Activities. The Private Sector Policy Planning and Institutional Development project (527-0298) is supporting an organization to carry out policy research and analysis for the private sector and present business interests more effectively to the Peruvian Government. The project also assists the Central Bank, Ministry of Economics and Finance, and the National Planning Institute to carry out basic studies on ways to increase private sector growth and efficiency. The Institute for Liberty and Democracy also is being assisted in its studies of ways to improve the legal and social framework for small private enterprise. P.L. 480 Programs. The title IT program provides food supplements to poor urban and rural groups through four U.S. PVOs and their local affiliates. In cooperation with GOP agencies, the food is used in maternal and child health programs to promote nutrition, primary health care and preschool education, and in food-for-work projects for reforestation, rural public works and infrastructure, and training in income-producing skills. The Title I program provides needed food imports to help meet Peru's chronic deficits. The self-help measures in the agreement are a major part of the policy dialogue with the GOP on agricultural and food policy measures and are integrated with A.I.D.'s agriculture projects. title I local currency from commodity sales is used to finance development projects in the Andean regions threatened by leftist terrorists, and for projects supported by A.I.D. Economic Support Fund. ESF assistance is used to finance the Administration of Justice project (527-0303) which works with the Ministry of Justice, Public Prosecutor's office, and the courts in a wide-ranging effort to analyze the sources of inefficiency and discrimination in the Peruvian judicial system and to provide corrective measures. ESF assistance is also financing two continuing projects which complement Peruvian efforts related to the eradication of coca and control of narcotics trafficking. The Upper Huallaga Area Development project (527-0244) provides agricultural support and community services in an area where efforts are being directed to eradicate coca production and eliminate drug trafficking. An evaluation of the project was completed in FY 1987. The Narcotics Education and Public Awareness project (527-0288) is increasing awareness of narcotics issues among the Peruvian public. Disaster Relief and Reconstruction. The program, which provided assistance in response to the "El Nino" flood and drought disaster of 1983, will be concluded in mid FY 1987 with the completion of numerous local projects to replace infrastructure and to reactivate local agricultural production. Section 709 of the International Security and Development Act of 1985 requires that comprehensive reports be provided on A.1.D. assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean. The following supplemental information on assistance to Peru in FY 1986 is provided as partial fulfillment of that requirement: 3 351 1183 1182 A. Training. A.I.D. provided training in FY 1986 to 180 participants from Peru in the following fields: Agriculture (74), Economics (14), Health and Population (22), Natural Resources Management (11), Banking and Finance (2), Public Administration (5), Management (6), Business (1), Biological Sciences (2), Labor (11), Fisheries (1), International Arbitration (1), and Private Sector Development (30). B. Types of goods associated in FY 1986 with ESF cash transfers by A.I.D. to Peru: None; all ESF funds were used to finance project assistance. 'i theugh ESF and P.b. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these fants and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Peruvian businesses. P.L. 480 Title I provided for the import of wheat which was sold for distribution through private commercial channels. 97 1996 Progras C. Local currency associated with A.I.D. assistance to Peru was allocated by A.I.D. and the Government of Peru for the following uses in FY 1986. (There was a total of $20.1 million in local currency available for allocation at the beginning of FY 1986. Due to delayed signing of the 1986 Title I agreement and monetized Section 416 agreement, additional amounts were not available until FY 1987.) 1.1.D. proposes to provide $14.2 million of Development Assistance (DA) and $10 million of ESF in FY 1988 to improve the health and nutrition status of the poor in Peru, support a more dynamic and growing private sector, and assist in the recovery and growth of the Peruvian economy. These resources Il promote improved policies for agriculture and private sector revitalization, including expansion of non-traditional exports. The GOP and I. D. will continue the collaborative effort to deal with narcotics control issues, reduce terrorism, and improve administration of justice. $ millions 4.9 1.2 2.0 2.0 3.2 1. Agricultural Production and Investment Promotion 2. Irrigation in the Sierra 3. Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education 4. Upper Huallaga Area Development 5. Health and Nutrition Activities 6. Food-for-work Programs in Slum Areas 7. Regional Development Activities 8 Support to PVOS 9. Program Administration 2.0 Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. The Agriculture Technology rasformation project (527-0282) started in FY 1987 will use the majority of funds in this account. Complementing this project in increasing agricultural production will be the new Agricultural Marketing and Agribusiness Investment project (527-0310), which will start in FY 1988. The project will help to develop more efficient agricultural processing and montering for domestic and export markets. A small increment to the agricoltural Policy and Institutional Development project (527-0238) will support private sector producer and consumer organizations participation in the agricultural sector policy dialogue. Grants to PVOs implementing F.l. 480 Title II programs will be continued in FY 1988. Following an extensive review of the Central Selva Resource Management project (527-0240) in early FY 1988, a decision will be made on the need for additional grant funds for this project on protecting the tropical pavironment 3.1 1.4 .3 Total $19.1 D. Reprogramming of funds for Peru during FY 1986 resulted in the following functional account changes. Estimated FY 1986 obligations are those which were shown in the FY 1987 Congressional Presentation Document: PN TOTAL ARDN EHR SDA HE ESF med lith, Child Survival, and Population Planning. Additional funding will be provided for the Child Survival Action project (527-0285), started in FY 1987, and the Private Sector Family Planning project (527-0269), started in late FY 1986. Additional funding also will be provided for the social marketing program for contraceptives (527-0230), and for a research program with Johns Hopkins University on identification of families with high risk of child mortality (527-0311); the latter project will allow better targeting of child survival programs. 7,125 1,800 27,445 3,400 2,500 3,050 9,570 -Estimated FY 1986 Obligations($000) -Actual FY 1986 Obligations($000) 1.800 7,125 3,289 2,500 24,587 2,873 7,000 E. Funds and Programs provided to Peru in FY 1986_through nongovernmental as contrasted to governmental channels: Nongovernmental Government of Peru* ($ million) Education and Human Resource Development. Additional funding will be provided for private sector management education and applied research under the Private Sector Management Improvement project (527-0272). A.1.D. has worked over a period of years to establish strong private vocational training institutions. Additional funds will also be provided to expand the Andean Peace Scholarships program. Selected Development Activities. A.I.D. will provide additional funding for the Private Sector Policy Planning and Institutional Development project (527-0298) which is creating a more favorable private sector 12.4 .6 (71%) (9%) 5.2 (29%) 6.4 (910) 20.0 (100%) DA ESF P.L. 480 Title I P.L. 480 Title II Section 416 8.0 (100%) 5.5 (100%) 37.1 (642) TOTAL 21.0 (367) 353 15-533 0 - 87 - 38 352 1183 *Although ESF and P.L. 480 Title I resources were provided through government channels, the private sector was the major beneficiary of these funds and programs. ESF dollars provided foreign exchange which facilitated the import of U.S. raw materials and goods needed by Peruvian businesses. P.L. 480 Title I provided for the import of wheat which was sold for distribution through private commercial channels. FY 1988 Program 3 A.L.D. proposes to provide $14.2 million of Development Assistance (DA) and $10 million of ESF in FY 1988 to improve the health and nutrition status of the poor in Peru, support a more dynamic and growing private sector, and assist in the recovery and growth of the Peruvian economy. These resources will promote improved policies for agriculture and private sector revitalization, including expansion of non-traditional exports. The GOP and A.I.D. will continue the collaborative effort to deal with narcotics control issues, reduce terrorism, and improve administration of justice. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. The Agriculture Technology Transformation project (527-0282) started in FY 1987 will use the majority of funds in this account. Complementing this project in increasing agricultural production will be the new Agricultural Marketing and Agribusiness Investment project (527-0310), which will start in FY 1988. The project will help to develop more efficient agricultural processing and marketing for domestic and export markets. A small increment to the Agricultural Policy and Institutional Development project (527-0238) will support private sector producer and consumer organizations' participation in the agricultural sector policy dialogue. Grants to PVOs implementing P.L. 480 Title II programs will be continued in FY 1988. Following an extensive review of the Central Selva Resource Management project (527-0240) in early FY 1988, a decision will be made on the need for additional grant funds for this project on protecting the tropical environment. ! Health, Child Survival, and Population Planning. Additional funding will be provided for the Child Survival Action project (527-0285), started in FY 1987, and the Private Sector Family Planning project (527-0269), started in late FY 1986. Additional funding also will be provided for the social marketing program for contraceptives (527-0230), and for a research program with Johns Hopkins University on identification of families with high risk of child mortality (527-0311); the latter project will allow better targeting of child survival programs. Education and Human Resource Development. Additional funding will be provided for private sector management education and applied research under the Private Sector Management Improvement project (527-0272). A.1.0. has worked over a period of years to establish strong private vocational training institutions. Additional funds will also be provided to expand the Andean Peace Scholarships program. Selected Development Activities. A.1.0. will provide additional funding for the Private Sector Policy Planning and Institutional Development project (527-0298) which is creating a more favorable private sector 69-533 0 - 87 - 38 353 1185 1184 ; 300 SOO A environment and promoting expansion of private sector production. employment and income with particular emphasis on small and informal business enterprise. P.L. 480 Programs. A $10 million Title I program in FY 1988 will intensify the policy dialogue with the GOP on alleviating malnutrition and on agricultural and rural development projects and policies. Local currency from commodity sales will support development projects and provide credit for the private sector under Section 108 of P.L. 480. The Title II program will provide $8.2 million of commodities to the agencies serving Peru's most nutritionally and economically vulnerable population with maternal and child health, food-for-work, and child survival services. 106 2.522 510 N 1.922 9.225 ! 1.000 273 2.121 2.05 1.274 Economic Support Fund. In FY 1988, $10 million from the Economic Support Fund will be used to continue support for the GOP's program to restore economic growth. It will provide $7.8 million balance-of-payments support and $2.2 million for project support. The Administration of Justice project (527-0303) will receive $1 million to continue efforts to improve the judicial and court system in Peru. The Andean Peace Scholarships program ($600,000) and the Drug Education and Public Awareness project ($600,000) will also be funded from the ESF account. Local currencies associated with the balance-of-payments program will support high priority U.S. and Peruvian collaborative efforts to complement narcotics control initiatives, including agricultural and community development and narcotics education and public awareness activities. Local currencies also will be used for agricultural and rural development programs in the south and central sierra regions threatened by the Sendero Luminoso terrorist movement. 3.600 998 170 202 660 2.367 7.316 10.437 1.142 2,089 1 1:12 950 ..::.*. "' .------ 11.000 1.600 13.000 6,250 Mission Director: Donor M. Lion --- 1.600 13.000 059°C 9.650 67 56 35 os 79 BO 79 02 . J LS LOPMENT TERRA WATER AND LAND use INTEGRATED REGIONAL INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 327-015. DEVELOPMENT 27-017 327-017 43 RESEARCH, EXTENSION AND 13 RESEARCN, EXTENSION AND 527-0192 EDUCATION 527-0192 LAND USE INVENTORY & ENV PLANNING/ONERN EXTENSION OF INTEGRATED •RINARY HEALTH SOIL CONSERVATION 527-0219 327-0220 01. AI SMALL MYDRO DEVELOPMENT SKALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM . "UR 327-0226 327-0226 527-0231 EXPANDED ועכת 5220CXAN SUPPORT COUCATION 2020-125 354 1185 w 9° --- SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN $27 PERU • PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OP FY OP I INITIAL FINAL G ODLI. OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED P7 88- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 1.026 6,383 630 600 1.475 740 1.775 5,366 C G 9,849 11.000 728 --- --- --- 21 91 1.488 74 1.600 3 33 1.600 1.600 --- --- 500 --- 1.922 2.121 10,457 15.000 7933 L 15.000 15.000 --- 5.225 SOO 2.058 2.867 3. 400 1.000 6,250 80 87 13,650 9.650 --- --- --- 410 1.276 --- 7.316 9.000 9.000 9.000 --- --- 360 --- --- 242 998 1,600 60 --- 320 --- --- 550 170 1.100 79 85 1,100 1.100 106 --- --- --- 327 175 1.142 1. 400 8086 G 1.575 1,600 --- 638 --- --- 30 750 282 6,389 . 2.522 2039 --- 273 292 660 275 950 3 82 36 1.225 1.225 527-0000 PROGRAM DEYELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 76 76 527-0156 L SIERRA WATER AND LAND USE 11.000 11.000 527-0178 INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 527-0178 INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 527-0192 A RESEARCH, EXTENSION AND EDUCATION 90 87 327-0192 L 13 RESEARCH, EXTENSION AND EDUCATION 80 85 1.600 1,600 $27-0202 s LANO USE INVENTORY & ENV PLANNING/ONERN 527-0219 EXTENSION OF INTEGRATED "RINARY TEALIN 527-0220 SOIL CONSERVATION 527-0226 SKALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT 750 1.000 9.000 91 96 L 527-0226 SKALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT 9.000 9.000 327-0231 EXPANDED REPORESTATION PROGRAM - OP: 335 Retentory Coffor my FYI -A po intors with widobition date bolon December 31, 19 on the authorized date ta prostor do Dec», FY of notion donne dote 1187 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARII SEAN 527 PERU PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OP FY OP I INITIAL PINAL 6 09LIG JOLIS CP 32 LOP PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG. EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIS- EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JOLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 83 -PROPOSED FY88- OIL16- XPEN ATIONS DITURES 38 3.350 6.000 4.480 1.627 -0. 1.591 527-0238 3 AGRICULTURAL PLANNING AND INST. DEV. 527-0238 L AGRICULTURAL PLANNING AND INST. DEV. 47 1.632 400 83 35 400 11,000 11.000 11.000 1.908 --- 2.165 3.500 DO. 3,000 s 02 85 6.000 4.000 3.175 1.727 825 1.078 1.195 --- --- L 32 36 13,000 18.000 15.000 2.252 1.559 ... 2.000 .-- 2,200 3 81 88 327-0244 JPPER MUALLAGA AREA DEVELOPMENT 3.000 3,000 3.000 1.727 --- 092 ... 381 --- --- L 527-0244 JPPER MUALLAGA AREA SEVELOPAENT 81 89 15.000 15.000 15.000 9.643 --- 2.733 .. 1.562 --- 1.062 93 86 1.120 1.120 720 603 400 115 --- 1186 400 --- --- 527-0248 S CARITAS FELDING PROGRAM - 03 86 425 425 275 60 150 94 271 86 775 775 --- --- 600 314 --- --- 175 207 254 83 $27-0265 23 PRIVATE SECTOR AG INVESTMENT PROMOTION 10.000 10.000 10.000 4,976 --- --- 4.000 --- 1.024 --- --- 83 83 S27-0277 DISASTER RELIEF AND RENAIILITATION 2.000 2.000 1962 1.703 131 --- 123 --- --- 527-0202 AGRICULTURAL TECM TRANS 97 01 15.000 --- --- ... --- 2.100 SOO 3.133 2.300 Cu 356 . BUREAU PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FYO INTTIA OOLIO PINA OOLTO LO PLANNED AUTHO 9 PIN- OITUSES ATIONS 300 BO OITURES ONS a so 17 200 2 72 130 730 COOP MANAGER S27-0293 TECNNOSBeve - OPS 527-024 PVO NETWORK 260 102 73 #3 260 260 - OPG 300 400 527-0310 90 5.000 A ROSE STING/AGRIBUSINES: IMPROVEMENT 100 75 9 300 527-0313 G ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM --- --- 250 600 400 400 --- с 527-9999 G 78 PRIVATE AND VOL ORGANIZATIONS - OPG's 5.133 12.961 6.BSO 68.720 30.616 7.125 1 31.788 24.025 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 154.100 136,405 13.900 5.133 5.075 4.650 33.780 20.230 9.0 56 7.125 GRANTS 56.180 36. 405 98.000 98.000 7.786 --- 16.716 14,969 98.000 48.490 LOANS 100 100 137 100 428 100 497 100 74 с --- --- 2.230 1.500 4.101 1.100 600 9,928 88 G 81 INT PANILY PLANNING AND HEALTM 10.528 10.000 1.700 10 1.900 2.500 1.100 1.200 9 527-0269 G 86 PRIVATE SECTOR FANILY PLANNING 13.000 13.000 527-0240 CENTRAL SELVA RESOURCE NANASENENT 527-0240 CENTRAL SELVA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 527-0247 G EXPANDED PEEDING PROGRAN COPASAD • OPG 527-0261 3 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PULSLOS JOVENES POPULATION PLANNING $27-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 27-0230 Roter to the planned property hot 357 Cofeffort tivity of final bigotion - Aspects in this committen down belone Decante de uthorized as 1187 .. SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 35 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 527 -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PERU -ESTINATED FRO?- OBLIC EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGH FYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNEO AUTHD L FY OF FY OF INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBL 26 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 272 200 178 2 SD 390 --- --- 300 87 750 750 95 --- 73 102 260 280 35 --- --- 260 600 500 --- --- --- --- --- 5.000 66 90 100 75 --- --- --- --- --- --- 37 90 300 600 400 250 400 --- .-- --- --- :: 6 78 C PRIVATE ANO VOL ORGANIZATIONS • OPG'S 5.133 12. 961 30.616 4350 26.025 1.125 63,720 131,786 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 154,180 136,405 5.075 5,133 13,900 6,850 9.056 1,736 16,716 14,969 --- 100 100 100 100 137 100 497 428 c 74 C 1.100 600 1,500 --- 2,230 9,928 4,101 39 10,928 10,900 327-0239 81 INT FAMILY PLANNING AND MEALTH 1.200 1.100 2.500 10 1,900 --- 1.700 95 13,000 13.000 527-0293 85 TECHNOSERVE • COOP MANAGEMENT • OPG 527-0294 85 PVO NETWORK - OPG 327-0310 AG MARKETING/AGRIBUSINESS IMPROVENENT 527-0313 6 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSNIP PROGRAM 527-9999 7.125 20,230 33.788 GRANTS 56,180 36.405 93.000 98.000 48,490 98.000 LOANS POPULATION PLANNING 527-0000 ROGRAK DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 327-0269 o 86 PRIVATE SECTOR FANILY PLANNING Refers to the planned projecte 357 Culo effort Activity FY of Final gation - AA pects is this on with its on debe teton December 31, 19 wre band on the authorise For all premu with initial option des Doorner 11, 1988 the FY of fint obligation bodo plieno dete 1189 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 327 PERU 2.000 6.100 1,800 2.400 4.329 1.800 2.377 2.000 6.100 1.800 -00 2.400 --- -0. ... C 2.733 1.887 ... 889 456 600 1.300 400 Soo L 79 85 5,800 5,800 5,800 3.955 --- 890 --- 700 --- 255 35 1.000 1.000 1.000 411 --- 127 •-. 200 --- 150 85 10.000 10.000 10.000 2.900 ... 1,105 3.000 1188 2.000 83 31 800 800 800 748 --- --- ... 52 --- 81 4.000 4.000 4.000 2.343 -- 696 100 75 75 --- --- --- 75 .. 75 175 175 --- --- 175 135 40 --- --- --- 36 125 125 --- --- 125 125 con 358 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LOP PLANNED AUTOD - THROUGH DALTO PIN ATIONS OITURES . OTTURE O. OL 1 as . 36 S27-0261 ASIC INFRASTRUCTURE Pue&LOS JOVENES 527-02.S CHILD SUEVIVAL ACTIO 150 100 305 T 1.500 325 375 35 400 כס PVO NETWORK 700 700 - OPG 62 30 .6 .2 15 1.OSO AC 620 #6 -136 1.030 1.OSO --- --- --- 150 29 122 150 150 358 241 300 47 170 28 650 658 --- 100 55 100 75 87 89 300 8.500 ככ1,3 353 4,275 3.939 893 1.920 1.300 716 3.500 1,500 3.162 2.600 87 G 11.000 90 --- --- --- --- --- 322 150 32? 359 non lorem", PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LPT OP FY OP I INITIAL PINAL 6 OILIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND CP 88 -THROUGN PYSS- OOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED FY67- OBLIS° EXPEN- ATIONS DITURE -PROPOSED FY88• OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 23,528 23.900 10.425 6.329 1.800 2.377 GRANTS 23,528 23.900 10.425 LOANS DO HEALTN 527-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 527-0219 EXTENSION OF INTEGRATED PRINARY HEALTN 527-0221 3 80 RURAL WATER SYSTENS AND ENV. SANITATION 527-0221 80 RURAL WATER SYSTENS AND ENV. SANITATION Hamily 527-0226 G SUR MEDIO HEALIN AND PANILY PLANNING 527-0230 L 81 INT PANILY PLANNING AND HEALTH 527-0231 6 EXPANDED REPORE STATION PROGRAM • OPG 36 36 327-0247 3 EXPANDED PELDINS PRORAN COPASA) • OP 527-0248 CARITAS PELOIN PROGRAM 3 • OPS PERU 527-0294 S27-0297 86 CARE CONNUNITY MEAL TN PROG OPG 527-0306 G PRIVATE SECTOR NUTRITION/CHILD SURVIVAL 527-0309 - TRAINING PHYSICIANS AND NURSES 527-0311 CHILD SURVIVAL 527-0313 3 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM 3,407 26.733 12.116 3.289 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 25,500 24,700 2.910 4.933 3.299 GRANTS --- 4.561 2.691 2.355 6.700 6.900 19,800 19,800 9, 206 19,800 LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL FUND 527-0285 CMILD SURVIVAL ACTION 527-0311 CHILD SURVIVAL co FY - 1189 SUNMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 527 PERU CP 38 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L PY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G 03LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGH PY95- ONLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURSS -ESTIMATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED Press OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURES 86 125 125 55 125 125 --- --- --- 100 303 333 150 87 1.500 90 375 325 303 400 35 --- G 36 730 700 42 --- 30 9 3 --- --- --- ... 420 --- 15 86 43C -136 86 1.050 1.050 1.050 150 --- --- 28 122 26 150 150 --- --- --- --- --- 358 241 47 330 170 3 26 28 658 658 --- 100 --- 53 75 100 87 J00 89 4,275 383 3,039 893 716 1,300 1.920 2.355 - 4,561 CHILO SURVIVAL FUND --- --- 3.500 1.500 --- 3.162 2.600 G 87 90 11.000 --- ... --- --- --- --- 322 322 150 3 $27-0261 6 BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PUEBLOS JOVENES 527-0235 3 ENILD SURVIVAL ACTION 527-0294 PVO NETWORK - OPG 527-0297 0 86 CARE COMMUNITY HEALTH PROG OPG 42 42 527-0308 G PRIVATE SECTOR NUTRITION/CHILD SURVIVAL 527-0309 396 TRAINING PHYSICIANS AND NURSES 527-0311 CHILD SURVIVAL 527-0313 3 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM 8.500 3.289 7,407 1.359 26.733 12.116 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 25.500 26,700 2.910 3,299 4,933 GRANTS 6.700 6.900 19.800 19,800 2.691 9,206 19,800 LOANS 527-0235 CHILD SURVIVAL ACTION 527-0311 CHILD SURVIVAL 359 - Nichitation comblon Dec 31, 190 bed on the wuthorized date Sun 01.1993 FYoneltion is one planned doto 1190 1191 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 527 PERU PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL OBLIG SLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND CP 39 -THROUGN FY85- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- O9LIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATIO FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OLI: EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 11.322 3.500 1.500 GRANTS 3,436 11,322 2.750 LOANS --- --- 3.500 1,500 3,484 2.750 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES --- ... 3 76 C 327-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT -- 1.230 840 so 395 30 S6 25 20 .3 86 527-0266 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN PUEBLOS JOVENES 480 430 360 230 120 159 ... 80 --- 12 85 327-0272 PRIVATE SECTOR MANAGEMENT INPROYENENT 7.000 7.000 1.489 ... 1.750 27 720 1.000 725 1.500 : 85 527-0288 NARCOTICS EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 750 250 750 500 ... 750 --- 3 86 36 527-030 EXPANSION OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING - OPG 80 80 --- --- 30 39 --- 61 --- --- 87 89 527-0313 5 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAN .:: --- --- --- 400 200 400 275 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 3.310 9.310 3.329 1.070 2.500 271 1.150 2.127 1.150 1.307 GRANTS 3.310 2.310 3.329 1.070 2.300 871 LOANS 1.1 50 2.127 1.1 5o 1.807 --- --- --- SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES Celofon 380 -- BUREAU PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE -THROUGH-VOS- OLIO SHE- ATION OITURES PLANNED AUTHO o. OITURES 432 23 >>O 2. 100 120 120 100 123 100 1.32 1. So 270 3.130 10.000 6.600 63 10.000 10.000 213 200 327-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANO SUPPORT 527-0061 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 527-0261 1. URIAN SMALL ENTERPRISE DEV. $27-0274 G NICRO ENTERPRISE PRONOTION - COPG) 327-0277 L 83 DISASTER RELIEF AND RENABILITATION 716 714 167 US --- 148 --- --- 346 2. S06 85 3.000 3.000 3.000 1.300 1.274 1.300 669 1.950 1.250 Soo 712 BS 93 527-0298 G PRIV SECTOR POLICY PLAN AND INST DEV 6.000 6.000 1.750 2.88 2.360 1.700 4,654 18,208 13.648 2.873 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 19,714 1.750 2.470 2.360 1,178 1.700 5,208 2.873 6.342 GRANTS 9.106 --- 3.676 13.000 6.714 13.000 13.000 LOANS 6.313 3.000 3.056 31 --- --- 5.400 68 5.400 8.400 550 800 700 600 --- 600 --- --- 1.900 600 85 . SO 600 1.000 1.200 1.000 86 98 2.850 1.000 --- --- --- --- 527-0303 ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE --- --- 7.300 7.900 7.800 ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND 5 61 527-0244 UPPER MUALLAGA AREA DEVELOPMENT 527-0288 NARCOTICS EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 5 527-0306 88 POLICY AND PROGRAM IMPROVEMENT 361 Colofort FY of final inom - AS project the combinato December "on the storie de hodou s December 31, 1906 FY el fumettonia to dete 1191 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TMOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 99 BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS 0XTURES 527 PERU -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG 753 350 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 950 350 8 23 432 2.395 1.934 100 120 120 123 100 1.529 100 1.599 --- с 270 --- 3.130 --- --- 10.000 6,600 213 82 83 10.000 10.000 200 527-0241 L URBAN SMALL ENTERPRISE DEV. --- 136 714 167 85 --- --- - 148 --- --- 3.000 2.506 83 35 3.000 3.000 1.300 1,274 1,300 489 1,250 1.950 500 712 85 99 6.000 6.000 1.750 2. 360 1.700 2.886 13,448 2.873 18,208 2.360 1.750 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 19,714 19,714 2.470 1.700 1.178 2.873 6,342 --- --- 613 --- 3.000 3.056 31 5,400 --- --- 81 5.400 8.400 600 800 550 700 --- 600 --- --- 85 38 1.900 600 1,000 1,200 850 600 1 1.000 7.300 7.300 36 S6 2.350 1.000 527-0303 ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE --- --- --- 7,800 527-0000 G 74 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 527-0061 6 53 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 327-0274 G NICRO ENTERPRISE PROMOTION (OPG) 527-0277 DISASTER RELIEF AND REHABILITATION 527-0298 C PRIV SECTOR POLICY PLAN AND INST DEV 5. 208 GRANTS 3,476 6.714 6.716 13,000 13.000 9,106 13.000 LOANS 4313 ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND 327-0244 UPPER HUALLAGA AREA DEVELOPMENT $27-0288 NARCOTICS EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 527-0306 88 POLICY AND PROGRAN IMPROVEMENT 'Reton to the planned project way to 361 Covel of offer activity FY of final station skin - All project in the course with inte obligation date for December 31, 1906 are bound on the authorized diste Foro pract with with lotion date of December 31, 1988 the FY of final abigation on pere den 1193 SUNNART OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) GUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 327 PERU CP 88 THROUGN FYRS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PYB6- ODLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURIS PROJECT NO. • L PY OR PT OP LOP AND TITLE 1 INITIAL FINAL PLANNED 6 OBLIG ODLIG AUTHD 527-0313 6 87 90 2.000 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSNI! ROGRAM 327-0999 6 87 87 250 LOCAL COST SUPPORT -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY88- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- --- --- 200 100 600 650 250 250 --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 20,200 10.000 --- --- 7.000 32 5.000 4.556 GRANTS 10.000 14,563 20.200 10.000 --- OOO 7.000 LOANS 32 5.000 ..o 4,556 10.000 ; --- --- 14,563 -0. ... COUNTRY TOTAL --- TOTAL 263.754 221,029 188,483 99,303 24.587 35,366 19.500 54,287 GRANTS 24, 200 41.016 57,683 33,061 24.587 LOANS 132.934 90.229 130,800 130.800 16,230 19.500 32.592 130.000 1192 26,200 66.802 30.975 21.136 DOO 21.695 10.161 362 AN 500 AGEAGLE evole - P7-01 1122 CY - DOO Graai O Cocinero UIDO CANTO parte non radimana agricultural Exports and PY 222 Ly92 Increase use of improved technologies, services and managerial Hast COLLEY are other EXUP! Project activities will be skills in agricultural marketing and processing. Implemented primarily through the Peruvian private sector However, the project also 111 support selected public sector Project Description: Agricultural markets in Peru are stagnant efforts to increase exports and facilitate trade. In addition, and Inerticlent due to inappropriate government policies and the project will complement ongoing marketing infrastructure interventions, antiquated marketing Infrastructure, and of Spain. construction projects financed by the World Bank and Government inefficient commercial practices. This project will address these constraints ir rder to expand non-traditional exports Beneficlaries: Direct beneficiaries 111 include farm families and increase internal marketing erriciency. The project will expand the capacity and improve the efficiency of approximately of the coast, highlands and high Jungle; agribusiness and 50 existing and/or new private sector agribusinesses by agricultural export firms, principally located on the coast; and agricultural product market intermediaries in all parts of providing: the country. The project will directly and indirectly create employment apportunities for 4,000 to 5,000 people. (1) Training and advisory services in agribusiness organization Indirectly, the urban poor in Lima will benefit as a result of and operation, postharvest treatment, and marketing; lower food prices. (2) seed capital and advisory services, e.g., feasibility Major Outputs: All Years studies, targeted to develop new rural enterprises; and New or Expanded Agribusinesses 30 Improved Technologies Adopted 75 - 100 (3) product development and market ing services, e.g., market information, for non-traditional agricultural exports. A.1.0. Financed Inputs: Life of Project 000) Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The Technical Assistance 3,000 proposed project supports A.I.D.'s country development strategy Training 1,500 by encouraging and supporting the Government of Peru (GOP) to Commodities 500 implement policies and programs that reactivate sustainable TOTAL: 5,000 economic growth with private sector leadership. It will achieve increased investment in agribusiness and marketing enterprises and more efficient factor use, thereby increasing agricultural incomes and employment in the agricultural The project will complement the existing Agricultural sector. Planning and Institutional Development project, and the planned production activities of the FY 87 Agricultural Technology Transformation project. U L PINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Prinsloo Contraton or Anos Obligation Expenditur Through September 30, 1986 BAS Estimated Fiscal Year 1982 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 Futuro Voor Olation Erned 4.500 5.000 Propound Fiscal Y 1988 500 363 AJO 370-7 (11-86) 1193 NEW Peru Title PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health Agricultural Marketing and Souro MOTOSED OBLIGATION fia thood Agribusiness Development DA 500 FY 88 500 Life of Project Funding Population Number 527-0310 ED. & HR 5,000 Sel. Act Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project O GRANT LOAN O CONTINUANG FY 88 FY 90 FY 92 Purpose: To expand non-traditional agricultural exports and Host Country and other Donors: Project activities will be Increase use of improved technologies, services and managerial Implemented primarily through the Peruvian private sector. skills in agricultural marketing and processing. However, the project also will support selected public sector efforts to increase exports and facilitate trade. In addition, Project Description: Agricultural markets in Peru are stagnant the project will complement ongoing marketing infrastructure and inefficient due to inappropriate government policies and construction projects financed by the World Bank and Government Interventions, antiquated marketing infrastructure, and of Spain. inefficient commercial practices. This project will address these constraints in order to expand non-traditional exports Beneficiaries: Direct beneficiaries will include farm families and increase internal marketing efficiency. The project will of the coast, highlands and high jungle; agribusiness and expand the capacity and improve the efficiency of approximately agricultural export Pirms, principally located on the coast; 50 existing and/or new private sector agribusinesses by and agricultural product market intermediaries in all parts of the country. The project will directly and indirectly create providing: employment opportunities for 4,000 to 5,000 people. (1) Training and advisory services in agribusiness organization Indirectly, the urban poor in Lima will benefit as a result of and operation, postharvest treatment, and marketing; lower food prices. (2) seed capital and advisory services, e.g., feasibility Major Outputs: All Years 50 New or Expanded Agribusinesses studies, targeted to develop new rural enterprises; and Improved Technologies Adopted 75 - 100 (3) product development and marketing services, e.g., market information, for non-traditional agricultural exports. A.1.D. Financed Inputs: Life of Project 75000) Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The Technical Assistance 3,000 proposed project supports A.1.D.'s country development strategy Training 1,500 by encouraging and supporting the Government of Peru (GOP) to Commodities 500 implement policies and programs that reactivate sustainable TOTAL: 3,000 economic growth with private sector leadership. It will achieve increased investment in agribusiness and marketing enterprises and more efficient factor use, thereby increasing agricultural incomes and employment in the agricultural sector. The project will complement the existing Agricultural Plaming and Institutional Development project, and the planned production activities of the FY 87 Agricultural Technology Transformation project. U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 Future Year Obligations Estimated Total Cost Propound Fiscal Yes 1988 500 4.500 5,000 363 AND 3707 (11-06) 1195 (FY 88 Peru PLAINED THOORN RUNWY MEET Finding AG, RD EN moronto OBLIGATION Souso tinho do Private Voluntary Organizations Operational Program Grants (OPC) Ut of Prona Funding DA 400 400 Continuing 523-9999 O NEW Population ED. & HR Sulla Inidd o Sition Estimated Find obligation Estimated Completion Ora of Dolna 2 w O LOAN COLINO FY 78 FY Continuing FY Continuing Purpose: (1) To strengthen the capacity of local and U.S. providing nutritional assistance, testing low-cost models for private and voluntary organizations (PVos) to undertake providing social services, and by integrating P.L. 480 community action and innovative development activities in areas resources Into A.1.D.'s development program. The close that complement A.I.o.'s overall development programs; and association of many U.S. and Peruvian PVOs with the private (2) to enable U.S. PVOS and their Peruvian counterparts which sector also makes them useful partners in tapping all resources are implementing P.L. 480 Title II Food Assistance programs to available to the development process. undertake development oriented high impact activities. Most country and other Donors: The Covernment of Peru (2) Project Description: A.1.0.'s operational program grant (OPG) supports PVOS working with P.L. 480 Title It food aid by program is one of the most effective Instruments to encourage handling much of the in-country distribution. They are also development work by local and U.S. PVOs. The OPG portfolio in supported by the GOP through P.L. 480 Title 1 local currency FY 1987 will provide resources to undertake development generations and other government funds. A.1.0. carefully activities in agriculture, nutrition, education, child coordinates its PVO activities with other donors. survival, health, vocational training programs, and urban micro-enterprise development. Beneficiaries: OPG programs reach the poorest sector in Peruvian society. Participants receive not only badly needed In FY 1988, A.I.D. will continue to support pour PVOs which are nutritional assistance, but have also the opportunity to carry implementing the P.L. 480 Title II program. Caritas, the out self-help development activities. Peruvian counterpart agency of Catholic Relief Services, will respond to the short-term infrastructure, Income generation and Major Qutputs: FY 1988 child survival needs of the poor in the urban and rural areas Pros strengthened of Peru. The Peruvian Evangelical Service of Social Action PVOs providing employment opportunities will expand its food-for-work program, primarily reforestation and basic services to poor people 4 activities and child survival activities, in eight rural highland departments. Under Its OPG, CARE will continue Its A.1.0, Financed Inputs: FY 1988 programs of basic infrastructure and job creation and will (000) expand primary health care through child sur lval activities. Grants to Participating PVOS 400 An OPG to the Adventist Social Assistance and Philanthropic Work (OFASA) will continue Its food-for-work and mother-child health programs which provide community development, vocational education, and nutrition promotion such as child survival activities to the urban slums and rural communities. 1194 Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: The OPG program plays an Important role in A.1.0.'s strategy by U. FINANCING Oor on Continuing 1992 22 QA2 1088 400 Constantne AD 1707 111 364 BB un priority Government of Peru (GOP) economic policies and or to Program direcüly support. Countix Strony This programs economia FOCovory wrid helps the GOP to address basic social and economic conceETS mile meeting its financial obligations. Project Description: Despite short-run improvements in it also relates to A.1.0. strategy of supporting GOP narcotics control orrorts domestic economic conditions in 1986, the democratically strengthening the judicial system, and providing social social crisis. elected GOP continues to face a severe long-run economic and stability. LI ng standards have dropped in the past ten years and current per capita incomes are no higher than twenty Host country and other Donors: The government has undertaken years ago. They are particularly low in the impoverished south the tasks or Improving the living conditions of the most Sierra region, which is the site of the intransigent leftist "Sendero Luminoso" terrorist movement. deprived Peruvian population, stopping terrorism and narcotics Narcotics production trafficking, and restoring the rule of law in the country. It and trafficking threater the integrity of the government and has taken steps to stabilize and reactivate the economy. Other local institutions and distort the economy. The government has donors support these objectives and are providing assistance. a sizeable fiscal deficit, a difficult balance-of-payments situation, and a heavy international debt load. Beneficiar les: The primary beneficiaries will be the rural poor, especially the populations of the south Sierra and those This program will provide balance-of-payments support to ease In the present coca growing zones who will benefit from the impact of policy changes necessary to foster sustainable alternative crop and area development efforts financed with economic growth. Specifically, Economic Support Funds (ESF) local currency Both urban and rural poor will benefit from will provide balance-of-payments support as the GOP takes steps direct GOP development activities as well as the increased to stabilize the economy, increase exports, limit imports, and employment and income opportunities which will be derived from increase output, employment and incomes while it struggles to expanded private sector participation in the economy under more manage its international financial obligations. appropriate trade, Investment and fiscal pollcles. Local currency made available by the GOP as a result of this Major Outputs: All Years activity will be used to support critical development Economic Stabilization X activities which complement and activities. These include: support narcotics enforcement, coca eradication, and A.I.D. Financed Inputs: FY 1988 alternative crop development efforts; rural development efforts 790007 to increase production and output in the poor Andean regions, Balance of Payments Support 7,800 particularly the impoverished and terrorism threatened south central Sierra region; promotion of increased private sector investment; and activities to help strengthen the Peruvian Judicial system. U & FINANCING (In thousands of dollar Contra Expedie Otthon ERR Toe Cock 2.800 Propound Fiscal Y 1988 365 7. BOQ O NEV 527-0106 DAGMA O CONTINUANS Purpose: To support the formulation and implementation of high Oblation Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1982 2.800 1195 NO Sathy COLLIDA L X NEW FY 88 Peru Tiche PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Funding AG, RD &N Health Policy and Program Improvement Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION ESF 7,800 Hathouders (FY 88 Life of Project Funding Number Population 527-0306 2.800 ED. & HR Sol. Act Z 800 Initi Obligation Estimated Find Oligation Estimated Completion Date of Project a GRANTO LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY Purpose: To support the formulation and implementation of high Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Country Strategy: This priority Government of Peru (GOP) economic policies and program directly supports Peru's economic recovery and helps programs. the GOP to address basic social and economic concerns while meeting its financial obligations. It also relates to A.1.D.'s Project Description: Despite short-run improvements in strategy of supporting GOP narcotics control efforts, domestic economic conditions in 1986, the democratically strengthening the judicial system, and providing social elected GOP continues to face a severe long-run economic and stability. social crisis. Living standards have dropped in the past ten years and current per capita incomes are no higher than twenty Host Country and other Donors: The government has undertaken years ago. They are particularly low in the impoverished south the tasks of improving the living conditions of the most Sierra region, which is the site of the intransigent leftist deprived Peruvian population, stopping terrorism and narcotics "Sendero Luminoso" terrorist movement. Narcotics production trafficking, and restoring the rule of law in the country. It and trafficking threaten the integrity of the government and has taken steps to stabilize and reactivate the economy. Other local institutions and distort the economy. The goverment has donors support these objectives and are providing assistance. a sizeable fiscal deficit, a difficult balance-of-payments situation, and a heavy international debt load. Beneficiaries: The primary beneficiaries will be the rural poor, especially the populations of the south Sierra and those This program will provide balance-of-payments support to ease in the present coca growing zones who will benefit from the impact of policy changes necessary to foster sustainable alternative crop and area development efforts financed with economic growth. Specifically, Economic Support Funds (ESF) local currency. Both urban and rural poor will benefit from will provide balance-of-payments support as the GOP takes steps direct GOP development activities as well as the increased to stabilize the economy, increase exports, limit imports, and employment and income opportunities which will be derived from increase output, employment and incomes while it struggles to expanded private sector participation in the economy under more manage its international financial obligations. appropriate trade, investment and fiscal policies. Local currency made available by the GOP as a result of this Major Outputs: All Years activity will be used to support critical development Economic Stabilization activities. These include: activities which complement and support narcotics enforcement, coca eradication, and A.1.0. Financed Inputs: FY 1988 alternative crop development efforts; rural development efforts 750007 to increase production and output in the poor Andean regions, Balance of Payments Support 7,800 particularly the impoverished and terrorism-threatened south central Sierra region; promotion of increased private sector investment; and activities to help strengthen the Peruvian judicial system. U. & FINANCING (!n thousands of dollars) Principal Contractor or Agencies Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Fiscal Year 1987 Estimated Through September 30, 1987 Futurs Year Obligations Estimated Tote Cost Proposed Fiscal Yes 1988 2.800 2.800 365 AD 370-7 (11-06) 1196 1197 MOGRAN SUMMARY (2000) FY 1986 FY 1987 tro 27,553 23,950 36,627 0 36,627 27,553 3,950 neborshad 8,043 6,000 15,856 0 15,856 8,043 2,7491 6,000 47,419 4 43,409 37 31,950 47,419 43,409 31,950 Taatioral Disaster Assistance al includes reobligations of $68,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and 5.34, JO deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of 5,32,000 in FY 1986. heft 1987 total includes $10 million for the FY 1987 supplemental mist. See separate amex for detail. Latin America & Caribbean Regional 367 368 1197 LAC REGIONAL Category PROGRAM SUMMARY (8000) FY 1986 FY 1987 Actual (Estimated) 36,627 27,553 0 36,627 27,553 Development Assistana Lom Grmt FY 1988 (Request) 25,950 0 25,950 Economic Support Fund Lom Grunt Other 8,043 0 8,043 2,749 1 15,856 0 15,856 6,000 0 6,000 TOTALS 47,419 2 43,409 31 31,950 P.L. 480 Title 1 Tide II TOTALS 47,419 43,409 31,950 Footnotes: 1 International Disaster Assistance Z! The total includes reobligations of $68,000 deobligated in FY 1985 and $3,284,000 deobligated in FY 1986 for a total reobligation of $3,352,000 in FY 1986. 31 The FY 1987 total includes $10 million for the FY 1987 supplemental request. See separate annex for detail. 1 368 1199 1198 LAC REGIONAL Introduction The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Bureau seeks to support long-term U.S. Interests in its area of responsibility primarily through its bilateral programs. However, certain activities can be administered more effectively through the regionally managed LAC Regional program. This is particularly true for programs which: pre nekonal population program seeks to access U.S. microcomputer e relay to improve population program management; to strengthen regional minig centers so they support managerial development of family planning christs throughout Latin America; and to expand access to voluntary taily planting services. Program Development and Support funds have been to promote the application of microcomputers in population research webujement through training programs. The Intercountry Technology hester (117) (598-6616) project funds regional training centers and other native population activities. griaulture, the objective of increasing agricultural production is ported primarily through the Land Security and Land Market Research Paket (580898) which began in FY 1986. The Intercountry Technology faster project (598–0616) also funds various innovative agriculture activities, as does the MAPA project (598-0436). - are implemented in more than one country, - strengthen regional institutions, test and transfer innovative technologies on a pilot basis which, if proven successful, can be introduced to bilateral programs, - are more effectively managed in Washington than in the fleld, - enable A.1.D. to support programs in the advanced developing countries in which A.1.0. does not maintain a regular bilateral program, and - permit A.I.D. to implement on a region-wide basis adctivities of special concern. The LAC Regional program concentrates on achieving three goals: (1) basic structural reforms leading to rapid and sustained economic growth, (2) wider sharing of the benefits of growth, and (3) strengthening democratic institutions. These goals are applicable to all country programs within the region. In adfective of strengthening democratic institutions is strongly prted by the regional program through an ongoing Human Rights project 9-1891 ) dich was initiated in FY 1978, and an Administration of Justice rewra (598-0642 and 598-0645) which began in FY 1986. These projects are tant buting to economic growth with improved equity, political stability, neeratte participation, and civil rights in the region. Ne cdjective of managing and preserving natural resources is addressed by the replonal project, Development of Environmental Management Systems 3-605), which provides several regional technical advisors, studies, training, and support for indigenous environmental private and voluntary organisations (PVO). prostitution building is an element of the regional program. Of particular significance are the training activities, the PVO Sector Policy project $8-44), AIFLD (598-0101), Education Networks (598-0635), Human Rights 59-991), the Intercountry Technology Transfer project (598-0616), and plute Sector Initiatives (598–0619). Program Development and Support 1919 funds have been used effectively to promote the integration of en Into development programs and for program evaluations. A major emphasis of the regional program is training, and a major portion of the funding in the program is for this purpose. The major training projects are Training Initiatives II (598-0640) and the Andean Peace Scholarships (598-0647) program, but considerable training also is funded under the American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) (598-0101) and the National Association for the Partners of the Americas (NAPA) (598-0436) programs. In addition, training is being conducted under the Statistics Training Center project (598-0636). Over 3,000 persons will be trained in both FY 1987 and FY 1988 under the regional program. Another major focus of the program is health. A key regional health project - Technology Development and Transfer in Health (598-0632) - began in FY 1985, and another - Accelerated Immunization (598-0643) - began in FY 1986. In addition, considerable funding for health is provided through the Intercountry Technology Transfer (ITT) (598-0616) project. These three programs support the two health objectives of A.1.0. in the LAC region which are to improve health and health services and reduce infant and child mortality. Expanding the role of the private sector is another key element of the regional program. The Private Sector Initiatives project (598-0619) is the major project in this area. Other projects, particularly NAPA (598-0436) and the Intercountry Technology Transfer project (598-0616), also contribute to achieving this objective. L. de relopment Strategy and Accomplishments to Date a support of A.I.D. objectives in the LAC region, the LAC Regional program las faded about 28 projects with $25 million in Development Assistance 3) grant funding and $9 al llion in Economic Support Fund (ESF) grant Featuring per year over the last five years. In FY 1986, the LAC Regional gran totaled $36.6 afllion of DA funding and $8.0 million of ESF. The 31 193 levels are $27.6 million and $15.9 million, respectively. - wriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. The Tenure Security and Land estet besearch (598–0638) project supports applied research on rural land gure issues, particularly land titling, agricultural land markets and est-iand reforn adjustment problems. This four-year effort provides the perative cross-country and longitudinal research needed to evaluate the ang tern effects of these programs. Currently, studies are being nitiated in collaboration with Mission titling projects in St. Lucia, 370 369 1199 The regional population program seeks to access U.S. microcomputer technology to improve population program management; to strengthen regional training centers so they support managerial development of family planning Institutions throughout Latin America; and to expand access to voluntary family planning services. Program Development and Support funds have been used to promote the application of microcomputers in population research and management through training programs. The Intercountry Technology Transfer (IT) (598-0616) project funds regional training centers and other innovative population activities. In agriculture, the objective of increasing agricultural production is supported primarily through the Land Security and Land Market Research project (598-0638) which began in FY 1986. The Intercountry Technology Transfer project (598-0616) also funds various innovative agriculture activities, as does the NAPA project (598-0436). The objective of strengthening democratic Institutions is strongly supported by the regional program through an ongoing Human Rights project (598-0591) which was initiated in FY 1978, and an Administration of Justice program (598-0642 and 598-0645) which began in FY 1986. These projects are contributing to economic growth with improved equity, political stability, democratic participation, and civil rights in the region. The objective of managing and preserving natural resources is addressed by the regional project, Development of Environmental Management Systems (598-0605), which provides several regional technical advisors, studies, training, and support for indigenous environmental private and voluntary organizations (PVO). Institution building is an element of the regional program. Of particular significance are the training activities, the PVO Sector Policy project (598-0634), AIFLD (598-0101), Education Networks (598-0635). Human Rights (598-0591), the Intercountry Technology Transfer project (598-0616), and Private Sector Initiatives (598-0619). Program Development and Support (PD & S) funds have been used effectively to promote the integration of women into development programs and for program evaluations. A.1.1. Development Strategy and Accomplishments to Date In support of A.I.D. objectives in the LAC region, the LAC Regional program has funded about 28 projects with $25 million in Development Assistance (DA) grant funding and $9 million in Economic Support Fund (ESF) grant financing per year over the last five years. In FY 1986, the LAC Regional program totaled $36.6 million of DA funding and $8.0 million of ESF. The FY 1987 levels are $27.6 million and $15.9 million, respectively. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition. The Tenure Security and Land Market Research (598-0638) project supports applied research on rural land tenure issues, particularly land titling, agricultural land markets and post-land reform adjustment problems. This four-year effort provides the comparative cross-country and longitudinal research needed to evaluate the long term effects of these programs. Currently, studies are being initiated in collaboration with Mission titling projects in St. Lucia, 370 1201 1200 Ecuador and Honduras. A concept paper synthesizing research work on land transfers and land markets and a policy and program guidelines paper addressing the effects of land tenure issues on the design and implementation of rural agricultural development projects are being prepared. Under the Development of Environmental Management Systems (598-0605) project, in FY 1986, of project funds provided direct support to biological diversity and improved marine resources management activities through grants to the Nature Conservancy, the Darwin Research Station and other NGOS. Technical assistance in forestry, environmental management and pesticide safety in the region accounted for remaining funds. In FY 1987, training of LDC officials in a newly designed natural resources management course in Spanish and examination of the role of the private sector in protected area management in Latin America are programmed for the first time. Health and Child Survival. The Technology Development and Transfer in Health (598-0632) project started in FY 1985 and is being implemented over four years by the Association of University Programs in Health Administration; the Interamerican College of Physicians and Surgeons; and the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Services being provided include technical assistance, health care financing, health management training and health program design. The components of the project are intended to meet common technical, training and research needs in the region; to support new directions in health programming; and to support activities and respond to requests which may not receive bilateral support. A major new program in the area of child survival is the Accelerated Immunization (598-0643) project. Its purpose is to build self-sustaining immunization programs within health delivery systems throughout the hemisphere. There are four major donors in addition to A.I.D. - Rotary International, the Interamerican Development Bank, the United Nations Children Education Fund (UNICEF) and the Pan American Health Organization. Population Planning. The Program Development and Support funds support new approaches to population program management and delivery of services. The objective is to introduce new technologies so that institutions adapt then as part of their operational programs. Establishment of a region-wide microcomputer user's group and computer training has stimulated the use of microcomputers for population planning and management information systems. New demographic evaluation techniques using microcomputers have made it possible to quantify what is required if Latin American and Caribbean nations are to achieve their own population goals by the year 2000. This improves policy dialogue concerning implementation of national population policies. The Intercountry Technology Transfer project provides for management improvement and technology transfer in the area of cost containment, organizational efficiency and income generation. This is accomplished largely through strengthening regional population training centers in countries such as Colombia which have much to contribute to international population programs. The new Colombia regional population management training center has begun to transfer its successful population program experiences to other nations. action and Human Resources. The LAC Training Initiatives II (598-0640) Pa, begun in FY 1985, Finances short- and long-term training in the pod States for participants from the public and private sectors. This pinal initiative, which complements a Central American Regional project, berpeganded in FY 1986 to target Caribbean and Andean countries. bertantly, A.I.D. is increasingly engaging the more disadvantaged in the helement process through these training opportunities. Eng11sh-language it remedial training and orientation activities are programmed to permit the disabvantaged to participate fully. Undergraduate training, along with orical training and some select graduate training, is included in the pan. Training evaluation and follow-up activities for returned tes are given increased emphasis under this program. gente developeent Activities. The purpose of the Private Sector Traves (556-1619) project, which began in FY 1982, is to stimulate Tieto sector growth in the LAC region with emphasis on the Caribbean Pasir Ure and to provide support to A.I.D. Missions' private sector efets. As a result of this emphasis some 147 private sector projects se been developed. This multi-faceted project seeks to encourage private tentang involvement and tap private resources to solve social and economic pretes facing the region . Current activities include establishing a Joint venture feasibility Fund with the International Executive Sprice cores, collaborating with the Department of Commerce's Caribbean as's information Center on several jointly sponsored activities, and mai "zing A.1.0. private sector programs though timely technical 31'stance and consultancy in policy reforn and privatization. An A.I.D. de survey supports estimates that A.I.D. assistance has played a role in teleting several hundred million dollars in new investments in the main producing sore $156 aillion in non-traditional exports. Countries Det have implemented policy changes include Dominican Republic, Belize, Costa rica. El Salvador, and Honduras. In general, countries are slowly tanging the rules, i.e. reducing barriers to export reducing subsidies and ria controls and gradually divesting of parastatals. K human Rights Initiatives (598-0591) project is supporting programs fational and international organizations working to promote human rights hroughout the region. Funds have been used to establish the inter-famerican Institute of Human Rights and its sub-entity, the Center for C'ectoral Assistance and Promotion, and to continue support for their education, research and promotional activities. A.I.D. also is supporting berica university's program to examine the role of political parties and rvisgilitary relations in building democracy. 371 de project which includes funding in all Development Assistance (DA) counts 's the Intercountry Technology Transfer (598-0616) project. This project facilitates the flow of technical information to several advanced toetsing countries in the LAC region. Activities include technical sistance in forestry development, health and population technology master, environmental studies, and vocational training methodologies. Specifte activities include management and agriculture training in hraquay, small business and environmental activities in Brazil, health and moulation prograns in Colombia, and oral rehydration therapy and munization projects in Mexico. 372 1201 Education and Human Resources. The LAC Training Initiatives II (598-0640) project, begun in FY 1985, finances short- and long-term training in the United States for participants from the public and private sectors. This regional initiative, which complements a Central American Regional project. was expanded in FY 1986 to target Caribbean and Andean countries. Importantly, A.I.D. is increasingly engaging the more disadvantaged in the development process through these training opportunities. English-language and remedial training and orientation activities are programmed to permit the disadvantaged to participate fully. Undergraduate training, along with technical training and some select graduate training, is included in the program. Training evaluation and follow-up activities for returned trainees are given increased emphasis under this program. Selected Development Activities. The purpose of the Private Sector Initiatives (598-0619) project, which began in FY 1982, is to stimulate private sector growth in the LAC region with emphasis on the Caribbean Bas in area and to provide support to A.I.D. Missions' private sector efforts. As a result of this emphasis some 147 private sector projects have been developed. This multi-faceted project seeks to encourage private sector involvement and tap private resources to solve social and economic problems facing the region. Current activities include establishing a pilot Joint Venture Feasibility Fund with the International Executive Service Corps, collaborating with the Department of Commerce's Caribbean Basin Information Center on several jointly sponsored activities, and mobilizing A.I.D. private sector programs though timely technical assistance and consultancy in policy reform and privatization. An A.1.0. labor survey supports estimates that A.I.D. assistance has played a role in stimulating several hundred million dollars in new Investments in the region producing some $156 million in non-traditional exports. Countries that have implemented policy changes include Dominican Republic, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Honduras. In general, countries are slowly changing the rules, i.e. reducing barriers to export reducing subsidies and price controls and gradually divesting of parastatals. The LAC Human Rights Initiatives (598-0591) project is supporting programs of national and international organizations working to promote human rights throughout the region. Funds have been used to establish the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights and its sub-entity, the Center for Electoral Assistance and Promotion, and to continue support for their education, research and promotional activities. A.I.D. also is supporting American University's program to examine the role of political parties and civilian-military relations in building democracy. One project which includes funding in all Development Assistance (DA) accounts is the intercountry Technology Transfer (598-0616) project. This project facilitates the flow of technical information to several advanced developing countries in the LAC region. Activities include technical assistance in forestry development, health and population technology transfer, environmental studies, and vocational training methodologies. Specific activities include management and agriculture training in Paraguay, small business and environmental activities in Brazii, health and population programs in Colombia, and oral rehydration therapy and Immunization projects in Mexico. 372 1202 1203 1992 several new approaches using Program Development and In preparation of a population-agriculture model to a tract of population growth on the attainment of national a recta objectives. Funding proposed under the planetas Transfer project would allow continued *** yonal training centers in Mexico and Brazil and will un entry family planning programs. short tertion of Justice program, 1.1.0. will continue its porteun dastice Improvement project which is assisting Sing nations to modernize their courts and legal systems. la continge funding for the International Crieinal penting assistance Program (ICITAP) managed by the U.S. letice. In F 1988. ICITAP vill present more specialized * pils speaking Caribbean in major case management, death a crimes , financial investigations, kidnapping, extortion, Faith, a ballistics. Economic Support Fund (ESF). The Regional Administration of Justice (598-0642) and the Caribbean Justice Improvement (598-0645) projects support the efforts of regional and national LAC institutions dedicated to strengthening bar associations, law schools, judiciaries, court administration, public defender systems, prosecutorial staffs and investigative capabilities conducted under judicial or prosecutorial control. Under these programs, six mini-states in the Eastern Caribbean and Belize have established judicial reform commissions and signed sub-agreements with the University of West Indies Law Faculty (UWI) in Barbados for quick impact initial assistance to purchase law books, courtroom furnishings and renovate courthouses. The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Secretariat has also entered into an agreement with UWI and initiated a law revision program. in Jamaica resident magistrates have received training in constitutional law, labor law, and sentencing; and plans are underway to renovate court facilities in rural areas and Kingston. In Colombia, A.I.D. is assisting the Supreme Court in replacing law library materials destroyed in the brutal M-19 attack. A.I.D. is also funding training and equipment for judicial protection to help safeguard Colombian judges from the ruthless, intimidating violence of drug traffickers. In addition, the International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) has provided 1231 person-weeks of training for investigators in subjects such as instructor development, fingerprinting, crime scene photography, evidence preservation, and interviewing witnesses. Under the Human Rights project (598-0591), assistance has enabled the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights to extend its programs into new areas, such as developing new regional standards on rights and treatment of refugees, and helped the Inter-American Center for Electoral Assistance and Promotion (CAPEL) to meet a growing (and sometimes urgent) demand for research and technical assistance on the electoral process. CAPEL has responded to requests for technical advice from Bolivia and Honduras on improving and computerizing voter registries; from Guatemala on drafting a new electoral law and for training poll monitors on balloting and counting procedures; and from Ecuador on improving the vote counting system. More recently, CAPEL has been working closely with a private organization in Haiti, co-sponsoring a seminar on elections and the democratic process, and developing a voter education program prior to the November 1987 elections. The FY 1987 Supplemental Request includes $10 million for an expanded ESF regional program to support narcotics control activities in the Andean countries (598-0648), particularly for countries such as Bolivia which is making remarkable progress in narcotics control. FY 1988 Program A total of $25.9 million of DA and $6 million of ESF is requested for the LAC Regional program in FY 1988. All projects which are being implemented in FY 1987 are proposed for continuation and additional funding for FY 1988. No new projects are planned for FY 1988. The Private Sector Initiatives project (598-0619) will continue to assist Missions in exploring new ways to support necessary economic adjustments. The focus of these efforts will be on small business expansion, investment promotion, privatization and continued policy reform. In population 373 374 1203 planning, we propose several new approaches using Program Development and Support funds, including preparation of a population-agriculture model to demonstrate the impact of population growth on the attainment of national agricultural production objectives. Funding proposed under The Intercountry Technology Transfer project would allow continued strengthening of regional training centers in Mexico and Brazil and will expand access to voluntary family planning programs. Under the administration of Justice program, A.I.D. will continue its support for the Caribbean Justice Improvement project which is assisting the English-speaking nations to modernize their courts and legal systems. A.I.D. will also continue funding for the International Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Program (ICITAP) managed by the U.S. Department of Justice. In FY 1988, IČITAP will present more specialized courses in the English-speaking Caribbean in major case management, death investigation, sex crimes, financial investigations, kidnapping, extortion, arson, toxicology, and ballistics. 374 1204 1205 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN 593 LAC REGIONAL L FY OF PY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG JLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO CP 99 -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES . 69 C 5.336 4,094 2.758 2.713 617 1.000 1.200 1.200 6 79 C 2.325 1.583 300 960 275 400 309 300 G 84 C 330 4 463 252 200 425 400 450 4.730 5.500 --- 904 --- 534 320 400 --- --- 243 495 86 99 350 850 --- --- 150 40 250 250 200 250 85 89 2.136 2.446 185 1.051 60 --- 600 300 87 600 90 900 900 --- 100 25 400 100 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 8.616 9.696 14.116 9.793 5. 122 5,072 1.442 3.729 2.300 2.900 GRANTS 8.616 .696 9.793 5.122 5.072 LOANS 3.729 2.300 --- 2.00 --- POPULATION PLANNIN 6 S96-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT AND 1.254 677 23 1.127 ១០០ 200 375 no 7. TECHNOLOO 2. TOO TOTAL PO ACCOUNT 2010 2.154 2.400 R. 700 1..7 2.030 .77 2.401 1.720 GRANTS . LOANS 1.535 600 100 DO 59. 632 397 467 C --- 50 --- 10 60 65 C 2.000 900 400 1.600 1.435 Soo 3 96 SO-061 INTER COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSPER --- --- 990 1.000 1.100 970 Soo 90 #so OS 36 3.240 2.240 200 50 100 27 100 LAC ACCELERATED IMMUNIZATION --- --- 25 100 50 100 --- 87 90 800 800 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 593-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 598-0605 DEV OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGENENT SYS 598-0616 INTERCOUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 593-06 22 G AC TRAINING INITIATIVES I 32 95 6,730 3,292 83 C 593-0625 G SKALL PROJECT ASSISTANCE PROGRAM 1.158 593-0638 G TENURE SECURITY AND LAND TARKET RESEARCH 593-0640 3 AC TRAINING INITIATIVES II 598-0647 5 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM NCALTN 39-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT ANO SUPPORT 599-0436 PARTNERS OP TWE (NAPA) (PVO) 3 ANERICAS 598-0632 TECNNOL OSY DEV AND TRANSFER IN MEAL TM 399-0643 727 727 599-0047 G ANDE AN PLACE SCHOLARSNIP PROSRAM 6.095 3.825 1.311 1.790 2.360 2.596 357 1.817 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 6.767 3.767 1.311 6.095 2.594 3.925 1.790 2.960 357 1.817 GRANTS 6.767 3.767 --- LOANS 376 -Action de bien". Cuandoffert 1205 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND ROOSEO PROJECTS diN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) SUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIODEAN LAC REGIONAL CP .. PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE PY OF POP INITIAL PINAL OILIS BOLIG LOP PLANNEO AUTMO -THROUGN PYO- OOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL 186- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATTONS DI TUels PROPOSED PY8. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS QITURES 6 86 776 1.676 593 1.325 1.900 2.000 C 2.500 477 2.31 1.720 1.487 2.400 2.134 2.700 1.720 477 2.401 1.487 2.400 2.156 2.700 O LOANS --- 600 100 900 357 1.535 598 932 467 3 59 C - 10 --- --- 60 --- --- --- 50 is 2.000 1.400 900 400 S00 1.635 --- 3 990 1.000 970 --- 500 850 38 8S 3,240 2.240 200 100 SO 27 100 --- 50 100 --- 100 --- 25 07 90 800 800 1.790 2.360 4,095 3,825 2.594 1.511 JS7 3,325 2.360 4.095 1.790 1.311 357 2.594 --- --- --- LOANS --- 376 591-0616 INTERCOUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSPER 2.030 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.030 GRANTS MEALTN 373-0050 PROGRAM DEVELOPNENT AND SUPPORT 6S C 593-0436 3 PARTNERS OF THE AMERICAS (NAPA) (PVO) S03-0616 INTER COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 1.100 900 599-0632 TECHNOLO Y DEVAN) TRANSPER IN MEALTH 599-0643 3 LAC ACCELERATED IMMUNIZATION 727 727 593-10.7 G ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM 1.817 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 6,767 3.767 1.117 GRANTS 6,767 3.767 000 ton thamuthorized de Cudownart city SY -Athletion dau tolon 31, doen, Fonda 1207 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN 593 LAC REGIONAL PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 83 -ACTUAL PY86- OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES CHILD SURVIVAL PUND 593-0616 INTERCOUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER - ESTIMATED FY87- ONLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES G - PROPOSED FY88- O9LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ... --- --- 1.000 39 400 9,270 13.540 --- --- SOO 75 2.500 1,700 3.000 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 2.500 9.270 18,560 --- --- 500 75 2. 509 GRANTS 1,700 6.000 9,270 18.540 2,900 LOANS 500 75 2.500 1.700 --- 6,000 2.000 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES G 69 с 286 709 653 323 350 334 300 1206 C 26.686 78,377 6.156 6,761 5.833 9.000 5.883 7.000 C 498 20 500 545 600 800 603 700 82 35 10.477 10.511 10.477 7.487 1.442 ... 08 28 --- 1.854 1.66 200 200 211 271 600 200 400 95 41.511 41.511 5.535 27 12.553 2.623 5.00 11.000 1.599 87 . 6.000 S-0647 ANDEAN PEACE SCHOLARSNIP PROGRAM 6.500 4.500 400 75 1.500 500 Cle TOTAL FO. -CCOUNT 101-PI. 20.tv. 20.11. 22. SO 10.SO GRANTS 101.71. LOANS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1-OSO 2.600 1.100 1.00 734 SILECTIO S-0000 PROGRAM SUPPORT C . DEVELOPMENT AND .00 1.0.3 700 760 1.00 ..206 7.316 65 11 --- 107 936 - 400 77 3.773 3.373 3.016 700 300 300 S90 836 1.531 6.264 6.796 400 400 675 2.549 325 680 692 3.257 79 C 532 1.200 600 600 1.297 37 754 797 3 с 86 :: 800 1.646 1.295 1.000 6,321 1.05 1.300 2.756 32 e --- --- --- --- 355 233 75 165 83 95 430 430 140 --- 36 56 100 30 162 69 450 100 612 --- 245 250 200 250 LAC STATISTICS TRAINING CTR." " 1,500 1.000 593-06 43 G 86 LAC ACCELERATED INMUNIZATION 593-0000 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 593-0101 62 FREE LABOR DEVELOPMENT AIFLD (PVO) S 593-0616 INTERCOUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 593-0622 3 LAC TRAINING INITIATIVES I 593-0635 LAC EDUCATION INFORMATION NETWORK 5D9-0640 HAC TRAINING INITIATIVES II 594-0436 PARTNERS OF THE AVERICAS (NAPA) (PVO) 593-0572 SCIENCE AND TECMNOLOGY INPO TRANSPER เงต๐ 78 C 599-0591 HUMAN RIIMTS INITIATIVES 579-0605 DEV OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYS 593-061 INTERCOUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 593-0019 G PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES 599-06 30 PLA ASSOC OP VOLAG POR CAR ACTION-OPG 598-0634 6 85 PVO SECTOR POLICY AND PROGRAM DESIGN 593-06 36 378 Coul of floresity Protono-com ter 1207 (IN NOU SANDS OF DOLLARS) SURNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROHoseo. *OJECTS CP .. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PY OP PYOP | INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM PY&S- OGLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL 988- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- DILIG- exPN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSCOPY OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 15.568 -- --- C. LOANS 734 2.600 1.050 961 6 800 700 1.165 760 1.090 1.083 7.316 65 C 107 --- --- 114 536 400 3.016 3.373 77 86 3.773 5,473 700 350 800 6,756 300 1.531 338 400 400 325 675 480 2.549 692 : 79 1.200 800 600 532 1.297 37 797 756 3 :: 1,300 1.000 800 1.295 1.446 1.025 2.758 32 --- --- ... ... 165 233 75 355 83 35 430 430 100 --- JO 56 140 34 162 89 450 450 200 250 250 245 --- 412 100 347 99 1,300 1.000 BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIO SEAN LAC REGIONAL TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 151.736 86.528 20.118 12.435 12.477 22.505 58.362 58.488 10.050 15.568 86.523 20.118 12.4 JS 101.736 12.477 GRANTS 22.505 10.050 58,342 58.498 SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 1,346 1.500 1.900 1.194 53-0000 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 8,208 593-0436 3 PARTNERS OF TME ANERICAS (NAPA) (PVO) --- 593-0572 G SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFO TRANSFER 6, 264 78 C 598-0591 G TUMAN RIONTS INITIATIVES 3,257 579-0605 DEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYS 593-0616 INTER COUNTRY TECMNOLOGY TRANSFER 6,321 593-0019 G PRIVATE SECTOR INITIATIVES 593-0030 3 FLA ASSOC OF VOLAG FOR CAR ACTION-OPG 596-0634 G 35 DVO SECTOR POLICY AND PROGRAM DESIGN 593-06 36 G 35 LAC STATISTICS TRAINING CTR. "Retent to the planned project that 378 Clevel of effort wativity FY of Fineltion som - Al proyecta in the con with tabligation des tetora December 11,100 dan tothorund die For all propeta with inte obligation date de Dec 31, 1906 the FY final oblation is one planned for 1208 1209 1 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AMERICA AND CARIB SEAN 592 LAC REGIONAL 5,653 7.353 28,778 21,443 5,392 LOANS 7.809 5.552 7,326 5.156 6.394 ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND --- с --- 5.490 4,000 2.064 1.913 1.000 2.350 1.000 1,200 G 78 84 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.000 --- 100 --- --- 78 --- C --- --- 400 70 6 56 950 93 83 800 850 7.476 7,500 7.476 4.776 2.370 --- 330 --- 55 89 4.000 804 806 --- --- --- 304 36 --- --- --- C 400 925 6.200 3.500 4,200 4.000 --- --- 1.350 --- --- 1.000 --- 350 86 2.500 2.500 2.500 900 1.500 87 10.000 --- 10.000 2.000 1.000 379 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT .. OOO 1.23 9.77. ..0- GRANTS LOANS 31.o ...22 52.410 43.0 33.37% 162.561 125.374 44.670 COJNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 87 46.622 31.0 52.619 63.409 33.375 44.670 113.074 120.376 162.341 GRANTS LOANS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE • LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED 4UTMD CP 88 -THROUGH PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.653 7.353 28,778 21, 443 5,892 7,809 5.552 7,026 GRANTS 5.156 6.394 593-0101 62 FREE LABOR DEVELOPMENT AIFLD (PVO) 598-0587 SOLIDARIDOS (PVO) 593-0591 G MUMAN RIGHTS INITIATIVES 593-0626 G CARISSEAN BASIN SCHOLARSHIP FUND 598-0640 G LAC TRAINING INITIATIVES II 593-0642 G REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 86 86 593-0644 INTL INVESTIGATIVE TRG ASSISTANCE PROG 1.350 1.350 599-0645 6 86 CARIBBEAN JUSTICE INPROVEMENT 598-0648 87 NARCOTICS CONTROL PERFORMANCE PUND 380 octor Dr. Cooler Video- 1209 SUNMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 86 BUREAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARISSEAN -PROPOSEO PY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LAC REGIONAL -ESTINATII FY87- OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 593 -ACTUAL FY36- OGLIO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGN FYB5- DOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTND L FY OF PY OP I INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 6.000 15.300 15,856 11,236 9.776 8.943 16.066 15.300 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 26.426 13,254 6.000 11,234 15,856 4,453 8.063 9.776 --- 16.066 --- GRANTS 26.426 13.254 LOANS 31,950 43,622 52.619 43.409 33,375 44,570 128.374 162,541 COJNTRY TOTAL 48.622 31.950 113,074 111.098 TOTAL 52.419 43,409 33.375 44.67C 128.374 162.541 --- --- GRANTS 113,074 111.098 LOANS "Refer to the one prodot 380 Cuando lontest Yobtion co-Artea to the cominkielition de beton December 31, Pedrinho con the Doc 31, 10th FY of flotion had do on the word die 1210 1211 Terminating Programs 381 Guyana 383 1211 Guyana 383 1212 1213 FY 88 CP ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DATA *FOREIGN TRADE MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) BUAXITE . SUGAR RICE TOTAL POPULATION.. (THOUSANDS, MID 1986) 766 590 (DOLLARS, 1984) EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS, US. FOB) (1983) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1983) 33 (1984) 19% (1984) 80 (1965) 39% (1985) 49 24% ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE. ( 1965-84) 0.5% MAJOR IMPORTS( 1984 ) MANUFACTURES . MACHINERY . FOOD ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 7.8% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOV 20% OF POPULATION..( .) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH, IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 65.8 (1970) TOTAL 59. 1 IMPORTS FROM U.S. (S MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 53 (1984) 56 (1985) AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1983) 27% (1984) 29% (1985) 24% TRADE BALANCE (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) -32(84) 15(85) TRADING PARTNERS: UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM , TRINIDAD AND T 5 MALE 63.5 MALE 57.9 FEMALE 68.3 FEMALE 61.8 TOTAL (1970) 92% FEMALE MALE 89% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1964) 161% AGRICULTURE AMWUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ($ NILLIONS, U.S.) AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE. RATIO) (1984) (1984) 31 12.6% -1.3% ( 1984) 20% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP .......... * SOCIAL DATA POPULATION GROWTH RATE... (1970) 1.9% (1978) -0.3% (1986) 0.1% POPULATION DENSITY / SQ KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1983) 45 (1970) 30% (1986) POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 23% MAJOR CROP (S) ARABLE LAND YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE..... .(1970) 5 (1986) 3 SUBSISTENCE: RICE , ROOTS AND TUBERS ,BEANS-DRY 20% (1985) CASH: RICE , SUGARCANE 70% ( 1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. (1975) 32.0% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RAW SUGAR RICE POPULATION ( 1986) IN AGE GROUP (0-14YRS) 38.2% (15-64YRS) 57.9% (65. YRS) 3.9% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) OILCAKE ,DAIRY PRODS. , EGGS INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 45 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1977) 29% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1979) 9,271 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE ( (1961) DEATH.. 11971CEREBROVASCULAR DIARRHOEAL DIS. OTHER HEART DIS. 217 (83) 237 (82) 224 TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 512 (83) 380 (84) 461 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS.. (1977) 105% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS ($ MILLIONS, U.S.) (1981) - 161 (82) -295 (83) - 155 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY ( 1980) 72% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1982) 4.6% (83) 5.5% (64) 4.2% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS % OF GNP (1982) 5.4% (83) 4.9% (84) 4.9% PRIMARY (1981) TOTAL 109 MALE 110 FEMALE 100 SECONDARY (1978) TOTAL 58.6 MALE 57.7 FEMALE OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES. GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PER100. POST SECONDARY (1979) TOTAL 2.3 MALE 2.6 FEMALE 2.0 ( OMILLIONS. u.s.) (1902) iQUIVALENT TO 0.2 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS X OF CONSUMPTION 0.2% 384 1:2 2. -1393: 53 Foros DEVELOPER 1 : 1.00 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1-00 GRANTS LOANS 2.30 2.900 2. 900 L 2.330 RURAL NEAL IN SYSTENS 2.000 2.900 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 43 DOO 2.330 GRANTS 2.900 2.900 452 LOANS 2.920 3.903 404 4.060 1.168 TOTAL 990 1.003 COUNTRY: (504) GUYANA BASIC DATA PER CAPITA GNP ADULT LITERACY RATE ..AIENTU... 30-0013 NEALIN 904-00s. COUNTRY TOTAL 2.330 GRANTS 1.168 1.166 2.900 2.900 LOANS Mwa 1213 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECT CIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) C! ® SUR EAU POR LATIN ANERICA AND CARIBBEAN -PROPOSED FYB OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- BOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES GUYANA SO -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES PY OF PY OF LOP I INITIAL PINAL PLANNED OILIG OOLIG AUTHO PROJECT NO. AND TITLE --- --- AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION --- 406 --- 596 1.003 78 12 MEANING FOODS DEVELOPMENT 1.168 1.168 --- 406 596 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 404 S98 --- ... --- --- --- --- --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT OOO --- 2.330 452 --- 404 48 enhora n.Fa. -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG. EXPEN. ATIONS DITURES 304-0073 1.003 1.168 1.168 1.003 GRANTS 1.168 1.168 LOANS NEALTN 2.330 2.900 2.900 79 79 501-0066 RURAL HEALTH SYSTENS 2.900 2.900 2.330 GRANTS 2.900 2.900 LOANS 2.928 3.903 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 6.068 1.166 1.00 GRANTS 1.168 1.168 2.900 2.900 2.330 LOANS aider made M 9171 Suriname 1214 387 Oreo ECONONIC SUPPORT SO-001 TECNICAL CONSULTANTS TRAINING AND soo ACCOUNT POR 500 TOTAL GRANTS LOANS 69-533 0 - 87 - 39 SOO SOO SOO TOTAL 500 COUNTRY TOTAL SOO 500 GRANTS LOANS 388 'Rotere to the progestemmer her Colofort CETY FY of flotan dobre For all new hobition de Decanter the world on planned done All projechath Rhinelo December 31, on the shorten 1215 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) се в AND CARIO SEAN BUREAU POR LATIN AMERICA -PROPOSED FY&B- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES SOS SURINAME -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO FY OF FY OF / INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE --- --- --- --- --- ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND --- 500 78 82 500 500 69-533 0 - 87 - 39 505-0019 G TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS AND TRAINING 500 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 500 500 500 GRANTS 500 500 LOANS --- 500 COUNTRY TOTAL TOTAL 500 500 500 GRANTS 500 500 LOANS Relent to the planned proga wery het 388 Cual effort wunity FY of tinai bagation corn - All project in the sun with option date betare Decanter 31, 1986 are based on the whored a For all proyects with an initial clation date to December 31, 1996 the FY of final obligation is based on planned date. 1216 1217 Uruguay WOR? 5. 18x &o DOLLARS.BR ANNUAL CAPITA REAL OROLT (100-0 SILLIS ANNUAL RATE OF IN LATION (1973-04) *888 30.ok MAJOR IMPORTECIDO UELS NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20x or POPULATION IMPORTS FROM U LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH IN YEARS As (6 MILLIONS OS: CIE 1962 X OF TOTAL ( 1DOS) 1902) IMPORTS 70.0 TOTAL MALE ox FEMALE 74.2 1970) TOTAL MALE 64, FEMALE 71,5 TRADE BALANCE (MILLIONS. U.S.) (1962) 21083) ADULT LITERACY RATE (1976) TOTAL 94% MALE 93x FEMALE 0 x TRADING PARTNERS: BRAZIL .UNITED STATES ARGENTINA EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS X OF ONP ( 1984) 51.9% • AGRICULTURE SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (MILLIONS, U.S.)........ (1984) (1976-1985) 1.2% AS X OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) 31.4% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP (1984) 12x • SOCIAL DATA POPULATION DENSITY / SO KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1980) 19 POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 0.8% (1978) 0.3% (1986) 0.4% POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS. (1970) B2% (1986) 85% ARABLE LAND YEAR (1970) TOTAL FERTILITY RATE 3 MAJOR CROP (S) (1986) 2 SUBSISTENCE: POTATOES 1% (1985) CASH: WHEAT RICE ,CORN 21% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION .) MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RICE .BEEF AND VEAL WHEAT POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP (0-1AVRS) 26. 1% (15-64YRS) 62.7% (65 YRS) 11.3% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) BARLEY ,RAW SUGAR ,POTATOES INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 37 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1975) 16% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. (1982) •CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (3 MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE. VIRAL HEPATITIS . MUMPS-OREILLONS 989 1, 162 (84) 1,974 (83) (1982) DEATH.. (1978) 1 SCHAEMIC HEART .CEREBROVASCULAR MALIG. NEOPLASM TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENDING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) 1, 262 1.373 (84) PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REOUIREMENTS. . 2,812 (83) (1977) 103% (1982) DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) -273 -211 (84) POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) -838 (03) BOX (1982) DEFENSE EXPENDITURES. ( 1982) 13.2% (83) 12.4% (04) 10.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES (1982) 4.1% (83) 3.4% (84) 2.9% PRIMARY... (1982) TOTAL 115 MALE FEMALE AS X OF GNP .. SECONDARY (1982) TOTAL 63.2 MALE 46.0 53.6 FEMALE (1982) POST SECONDARY OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD. TOTAL 16.7 MALE 14.7 FEMALE 822 782 (85) (1983) 10 (04) (SMILLIONS, U.S.) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION. EQUIVALENT TO 6.9 MONTHS OF IMPORTS ( 1984) (1984) 22.7% 390 1217 AND SOCIAL DATA ECONOMIC FY CP (528) URUGUAY • FOREIGN TRADE COUNTRY: •BASIC DATA 129 16% TOTAL POPULATION. (THOUSANOS.MID 1986) 2,953 PER CAPITA GNP (DOLLARS, 1984) 1.980 ANNUAL PER CAPITA REAL GNP GROWTH RATE ( 1965-84) 1.8% ANNUAL RATE OF INFLATION (1973-84) 50.0% NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED BY LOW 20% OF POPULATION.. (1981) 5.6% LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH. IN YEARS (1986) TOTAL 70.9 MALE 67.7 FEMALE 74.2 (1970) TOTAL 68.1 MALE 64.9 FEMALE 71.5 ADULT LITERACY RATE (1975) TOTAL 94% MALE 93% FEMALE 94% MAJOR EXPORTS( 1984 ) WOOL .HIDES MEAT EXPORTS TO U.S. (S MILLIONS. US. FOB) (1983) 104 (1984) 138 (1985) AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS (1982) 7% (1983) 10% (1984) MAJOR IMPORTS ( 1984 )FUELS & LUBRI. ,METALS MACHINERY IMPORTS FROM U.S. ($ MILLIONS, US, CIF) (1983) 52 (1984) 66 ( 1985) 71 AS % OF TOTAL IMPORTS (1982) 16% (1983) 8% (1984) 9% TRADE BALANCE (S WILLIONS, U.S. )( 1982) 218(83) 417(84) 191 TRADING PARTNERS: BRAZIL , UNITED STATES , ARGENTINA 51.9% EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT AS % OF GNP (1984) SERVICE PAYMENTS ON EXTERNAL PUBLIC DEBT. (S MILLIONS, U.S.). AS % OF EXPORT EARNINGS (DEBT SERVICE RATIO) (1984) (1984) 31.4% • AGRICULTURE ANNUAL PER CAPITA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (1976-1985) 1.2% •SOCIAL DATA 0.3% (1986) 0.4% (1984) 12% 0.8% (1978) POPULATION GROWTH RATE...(1970) 85% AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AS % OF GOP POPULATION DENSITY / $Q KM OF AGRICULTURAL LAND (1980) 19 POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS (1970) 82% ( 1986) MAJOR CROP (5) ARABLE LANO YEAR TOTAL FERTILITY RATE .(1970) 3 (1986) 2 SUBSISTENCE: POTATOES. 1% (1985) CASH: WHEAT RICE ,CORN 21% (1985) MARRIED WOMEN AGED 15-44 YRS. USING CONTRACEPTION. ( .) X MAJOR AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS: (1985) RICE ,BEEF ANO VEAL , WHEAT POPULATION (1986) IN AGE GROUP : (0-14YRS) 26.1% (15-64YRS) 62.7% (65+ YRS) 11.3% MAJOR AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS: (1985) BARLEY RAW SUGAR .POTATOES INFANT DEATHS IN FIRST YR OF LIFE PER 1000 LIVE BIRTHS (1986) 37 PROPORTION OF LABOR FORCE IN AGRICULTURE (1975) 16% PEOPLE PER PHYSICIAN. ( 1982) 514 CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FINANCES MAJOR CAUSES OF TOTAL REVENUES AND GRANTS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) DISEASE (1978) INFLUENZA-GRIPPE. VIRAL HEPATITIS , MUMPS-OREILLONS (1982) 1,974 (83) 1, 162 (84) 989 DEATH.. (1978) ISCHAEMIC HEART .CEREBROVASCULAR MALIG. NEOPLASH TOTAL EXPENDITURES AND NET LENO ING (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) 2,812 (83) 1.373 (84) 1.262 PER CAPITA CALORIE SUPPLY AS A % OF REQUIREMENTS. . (1977) 103% DEFICIT(-) OR SURPLUS (S MILLIONS, U.S.) (1982) -838 (83) -211 (84) -273 POPULATION WITH REASONABLE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER SUPPLY( 1980) 80% DEFENSE EXPENDITURES, AS % OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES. (1982) 13.2% (83) 12.4% (84) 10.9% TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT AS RATIO OF POPULATION IN AGE GROUP : AS X OF GNP ... (1982) 4.1% (83) 3.4% (84) 2.9% PRIMARY (1982) TOTAL 115 MALE FEMALE 121 SECONDARY ( 1982) TOTAL 63.2 MALE 46.0 FEMALE 53.6 OFFICIAL INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, GROSS HOLDINGS END OF PERIOD POST SECONDARY.. (1982) TOTAL 16.7 MALE 14.7 FEMALE 10.8 (SMILLIONS, U.S.) (1983) 610 (84) 782 (85) 822 EQUIVALENT to 8.9 MONTHS OF IMPORTS (1984) ENERGY PRODUCTION AS % OF CONSUMPTION ( 1984) 22.7% 390 1219 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) BUREAU FOR LATIN AYRICA AND CARIBBEAN 523 U?UGUAY PROJ!CT NO. AND TITL! • LFY 05 FY O I INITIAL FINAL G ONLIG OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM Ci 16 -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OILIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND -PROPOSED FYI:- OILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 521-3104 0 ICONONIC RECOVERY PROSRAN 86 37 29.355 --- 12.122 12.122 --- 529-9107 6 ECONOMIC RECOVERY PROGRAM --- 14.000 16,003 3 96 $23-3108 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ! TRAININ --- --- 355 -- 523-3999 LOCAL COST SUPPORT $ 87 37 30 30 --- .. --- 30 30 --- --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 29.335 30 16,355 14.000 12.152 12.152 GRANTS 29,385 30 16.355 14.000 LOANS 12.152 12.152 1218 CONTRY TOTAL TOTAL 29,395 30 16.355 16.000 12.152 12.152 COO GRANTS 20.385 30 14.355 16.000 LOANS 12.152 12.152 Co. CO 391 Centrally Funded Programs ANNEX IV Fiscal Year 1988 Congressional Presentation 14** ANCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1219 T AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Congressional Presentation Fiscal Year 1988 ANNEX IV Centrally Funded Programs 1221 TABLE OF CONTENTS page 1220 CENTRALLY PUNDED PROGRAMS 1 ANNEX IV 9 17 Annex IV presents to the Congress all centrally funded programs for which A.1.D. is requesting development assistance funds for PY 1988. terview of Centrally Punded Programs 55 Sumary table 75 Agriculture, Rural Development, and Nutrition 101 population Planning The annex begins with an overview which explains the purpose for and objectives of the centrally funded programs. This is followed by a summary table which provides a breakout of funding requirements for each program from PY 1985 to PY 1988. The next section consists of a topical narrative for each of A.I.D.'s major functional accounts which describes what the Science and Technology Bureau is doing in each of these areas. These narratives may be followed by planned project summary sheets which outline requests for proposed new projects in PY 1988. 117 Education and Human Resources 133 private sector, Energy, and Private and Voluntary Organizations 167 Private Enterprise 187 International Disaster Assistance 199 Lerican Schools and Hospitals Abroad 233 The functional account narratives are followed by additional topical narratives which describes the activities of the Bureau for private Enterprise, American Schools and Hospitals Abroad program, the Disaster Assistance program, the centrally funded Private and Voluntary Cooperation programs and the Science Advisor program including the U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program. Planned project summary sheets for new programs in Py 1988 are also part of this section. While the centrally funded portion of the food for Peace program is briefly described within the Agriculture, Nutrition and Rural Development narrative, a detailed description of this program's activities can be found in the Main Volume. The Main Volume also includes a more detailed description of Agency-wide private sector programs including coops and credit unions as well as Agency-wide Private and Voluntary Cooperation programs. Private and Voluntary Organizations 241 Science and Technology Science Advisor ... (Also the U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research Program) 11 1 1221 CENTRALLY FUNDED PROGRAMS TABLE OP CONTENTS Page Overview of Centrally Funded Programs 9 Summary Table ... 17 Agriculture, Rural Development, and Nutrition population Planning 55 Health ... 75 101 Education and Human Resources Private sector, Energy, and Private and voluntary Organizations Private Enterprise 117 133 International Disaster Assistance 167 187 American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Private and voluntary Organizations 199 233 Science and Technology - Science Advisor (Also the U.S.-Israel cooperative Development Research Program) 241 11 1223 1222 FY 88 Request PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) FY 87 Estimated 439.6 FY 86 459.0 27 47.2 1/ CENTRALLY-FUNDED PROGRAMS OVERVIEW centrally-funded programs include basic and applied research, iste: opent and testing of appropriate technology, private enterprise activities, cooperative development, private clastary organizations and international disaster assistance, rese prograns are centrally funded because of their global faces, and because of efficiencies from consolidated central management, they: OVERVIEW OF CENTRALLY-FUNDED PROGRAMS Supply technical expertise to A.I.D. regional bureaus and field missions worldwide to assist developing countries in specialized fields such as agricultural production and rural development, population planning, nutrition, renewable and conventional energy, disaster preparedness, environmental activities, privitization, financial market development, and the utilization of private enterprise to achieve development objectives; Seek new solutions to development problems by financing experimental projects and pilot programs, developing and exploring new applications of science and technology and private enterprise, and evaluating the success of past initiatives; Provide guidance and impetus to the Agency's private sector development initiative which seeks to make a vital contribution to economic growth and social development through job creation, the transfer of technology and management skills, and increased productivity. Support non-governmental development activities through assistance to cooperatives, private voluntary organizations and other private sector and family planning intermediaries; ficludes $71.2 million disaster assistance funding carryover fron supplemental appropriations. 11 Bxcludes $150 billion in disaster assistance funding for el Salvador ADD B3 2 1223 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) FY 87 Estimated FY 86 Actual FY 88 Request 477.2 1/ 459.0 2/ 439.6 CENTRALLY-FUNDED PROGRAMS OVERVIEW Centrally-funded programs include basic and applied research, development and testing of appropriate technology, private enterprise activities, cooperative development, private voluntary organizations and international disaster assistance, These programs are centrally funded because of their global focus, and because of efficiencies from consolidated central management. They: Supply technical expertise to A.I.D. regional bureaus and field missions worldwide to assist developing countries in specialized fields such as agricultural production and rural development, population planning, nutrition, renewable and conventional energy, disaster preparedness, environmental activities, privitization, financial market development, and the utilization of private enterprise to achieve development objectives; Seek new solutions to development problems by financing experimental projects and pilot programs, developing and exploring new applications of science and technology and private enterprise, and evaluating the success of past initiatives; Provide guidance and impetus to the Agency's private sector development initiative which seeks to make a vital contribution to economic growth and social development through job creation, the transfer of technology and management skills, and increased productivity. Support non-governmental development activities through assistance to cooperatives, private voluntary organizations and other private sector and family planning intermediaries; Excludes $71.2 million disaster assistance funding carryover from supplemental appropriations. Excludes $150 million in disaster assistance funding for el Salvador 1/ 2/ AID 370-3 (8-83) 2 1225 1224 Provide emergency relief and rehabilitation assistance to countries stricken by natural disasters and other emergencies; 3y initiating pilot projects that address key problems that field missions can replicate in other countries and regions; Support schools, libraries and hospitals abroad funded or sponsored by private u.s. non-profit organizations. Punding solutions to development Problems By maintaining a core staff of multi-disciplinary specialists who can advise and assist missions and developing countries in planning, designing and implesenting their programs; and, Centrally-funded research and development programs concentrate on generic problems that cut across countries and regions, and which impede economic growth and social progress in developing countries. These activities fall into the following broad categories: By providing technical logistical support services that can best be performed centrally, such as the administration of the Agency's participant training progras, contraceptive procurement, and the collection and dissemination of development information and statistical data. The transfer of existing scientific and technological knowledge to meet the special requirements of Third World development; Basic and applied scientific research by cooperating institutions and individuals in the United States and in developing countries to address technological and social problems afflicting the rural and urban poor, including management and institutional constraints; and, The development of innovative private sector program approaches that have a demonstration effect on A.I.D. Missions. seosent through Private Enterprise se private sector aakes a vital contribution to economic and seial development through job creation, the transfer of techology and management skills, and increased productivity to help developing countries achieve sustainable economic growth vite equity. Through the central Bureau for Private Enterprise (PRE), A.1.D. carries out activities in support of business initiatives and poisling and urban development. Emphasis is on small/medium sized indigenous enterprises which have considerable impact on the achievement of basic human needs objectives: PRE serves as a laboratory for innovative and experiDental programs that capitalize on available business expertise, and utilize to the maximum extent possible private enterprise, both LDC and U.S., to achieve development objectives. The Bureau works closely with field missions to develop country strategies and projects designed to utilize private enterprise as the mechanism for delivering assistance. Evaluation programs to determine the impact on the poor of past and current development efforts, to improve policy planning, project design and implementation methodologies. Applying Expertise to Selected Global Problems A.1.D.'s centrally-funded activities help to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of bilaterally-funded field operations by providing support services in key technical areas to assist missions and regional bureaus in carrying out their country programs. By managing contracts and other arrangements with universities, private firms and U.S. Government agencies to provide specialized technical assistance to missions and host governments in high priority development sectors such as agriculture, financial markets, forestry and fuelwood, education, health child survival, privatization, and family planning; PRE focuses its efforts on removing impediments to private business growth; on financial market development; transfer, adaptation, and commercialization of technology: and divestiture and privatization, Siguificant progress has been made in the five years since the private enterprise initiative was inaugurated. The policy 3 1225 -- By initiating pilot projects that address key problems that field missions can replicate in other countries and regions; By maintaining a core staff of multi-disciplinary specialists who can advise and assist missions and developing countries in planning, designing and implementing their programs; and, By providing technical logistical support services that can best be performed centrally, such as the administration of the Agency's participant training program, contraceptive procurement, and the collection and dissemination of development information and statistical data. Development through Private Enterprise The private sector makes a vital contribution to economic and social development through job creation, the transfer of technology and management skills, and increased productivity to help developing countries achieve sustainable economic growth with equity. Through the central Bureau for Private Enterprise (PRE), A.1.D. carries out activities in support of business initiatives and housing and urban development. Emphasis is on small/medium sized indigenous enterprises which have considerable impact on the achievement of basic human needs objectives: PRE serves as a laboratory for innovative and experimental programs that capitalize on available business expertise, and utilize to the maximum extent possible private enterprise, both LDC and U.S., to achieve development objectives. The Bureau works closely with field missions to develop country strategies and projects designed to utilize private enterprise as the mechanism for delivering assistance. PRE focuses its efforts on removing impediments to private business growth; on financial market development; transfer, adaptation, and commercialization of technology; and divestiture and privatization. Significant progress has been made in the five years since the private enterprise initiative was inaugurated, The policy -- 1227 1226 stünder Fund and the United Nations Fund for Population winties (UNFPA), have extensive experience and expertise in erding fanily planning services. Such private organizations to diversify the services and information available to the act and provide an important alternative to etstest-to-government programs. A.1.D. proposes a level of tally-funded support for these organizations of $62.0 Allion in FY 1988. International Agriculture Research Centers (IARCS) are linked with United States and LDC national research prograns and form an important element in a global betwork of research centers that develop and supply scientific and technological expertise needed to erpand world food production. There are 12 centers for which $40.0 million is requested in FY 1988 as the 1.5. contribution. framework for private investment has been improved in a number of countries; new capital market institutions have been created and the capabilities of existing institutions have been expanded; training programs for local entrepreneurs and business managers have been conducted. The Revolving Fund, approved by Congress in PY 1983, enhances the impact of private sector activities by providing loans to private financial institutions at market rates to fill gaps in developing country capital markets. Innovative satellite farming projects, support for small-scale and rural entrepreneurs and a private sector health project were also included in the PY 1986 Revolving Fund portfolio. Development through Intermediary Organizations Private assistance organizations have become invaluable members of the foreign assistance community, both as channels for the effective use of u.s. contributions and as vehicles for bringing substantial private resources to the overall development effort. They have demonstrated a capacity for mounting programs that effectively meet the needs of the poor. A.1.D. provides centrally-funded assistance to the following types of intermediary organizations: Private and voluntary Organizations (PVos) have established reputations as concerned and effective contributors to the U.S. development effort. Support of these organizations permits A.I.D. to share with the private voluntary community greater responsibility for implementing the nation's foreign assistance programs. A.I.D. proposes $28.9 million for its centrally-funded PVO program for FY 1988. These activities are described in more detail in the Private and Voluntary Cooperation narrative of this volume. Cooperative Development Organizations (CDOs) in several sectors, including agriculture and housing, have proven to be effective in achieving development objectives through the promotion of cooperative and credit union development in LDCS. Capitalizing on the broad expertise of major U.S. cooperative organizations, A.I.D. proposes $3.7 million for its centrally funded CDO program for FY 1988. Activities funded are explained more fully in the Main and Central Volume under Private Enterprise. Population Cooperating Agencies, including private, national and International organizations such as the Institutions described in Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act (U.S. land and sea grant universities and other eligible institutions) support the application of more effective agricultural technology to increase world food production. A.1.D. is proposing grants of $5.9 million to these institutions in PY 1988. PY 1988 Request a 11 1988 A.I.D. is requesting a total of $439,6 million for e centrally-funded programs. $241.9 million - Science and Technology Bureau, including $14.7 million for the Science Advisor ; . $62.9 million - Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance Bureau, including $20.0 million for ASHA $32.4 million - Private Enterprise Bureau $20.0 million - Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance $12.4 million - Women in Development activities, policy development and evaluations and Peace Corps activities; and, .. $65.0 million - support of UNFPA and the international Agricultural Research Centers. -- 5 6 1227 Pathfinder Pund and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), have extensive experience and expertise in providing family planning services. Such private organizations help to diversify the services and information available to the poor and provide an important alternative to government-to-government programs. A.I.D. proposes a level of centrally-funded support for these organizations of $62.0 million in FY 1988. International Agriculture Research Centers (IARCs) are Tinked with United States and LDC national research programs and form an important element in a global network of research centers that develop and supply scientific and technological expertise needed to expand world food production. There are 12 centers for which $40.0 million is requested in FY 1988 as the U.S. contribution. Institutions described in Title XII of the Foreign Assistance Act (0.s. land and sea grant universities and other eligible institutions) support the application of more effective agricultural technology to increase world food production. A.I.D. is proposing grants of $5,9 million to these institutions in FY 1988. FX 1988 Request In PY 1988 A.I.D. is requesting a total of $439.6 million for the centrally-funded programs, $241.9 million - Science and Technology Bureau, including $14.7 million for the science Advisor: $62.9 million Food for Peace and voluntary Assistance Bureau, including $20.0 million for ASHA $32.4 million Private Enterprise Bureau $20.0 million Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance - $12.4 million Women in Development activities, policy development and evaluations and Peace Corps activities and, $65.0 million support of UNFPA and the International Agricultural Research Centers. -- 6 1228 1229 SUMMARY OF PY 1988 CENTRALLY PUNDED PROGRAMS CENTRALLY TOTAL PUNDED CENTRALLY (Except PVOs) PVOs 1/ FUNDED Agriculture, Rural Dev. and Nutrition 125.1 13.0 138.1 Population 129.1 129.1 Health 40.2 6.4 46.6 Child Survival 14.3 7.3 21.6 7.8 2.6 10.4 Education and Human Resources Selected Development Activities 26,7 7.4 34.1 Science Advisor 14.7 14.7 20.0 20.0 American Schools and Hospitals Abroad Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance 25.0 25.0 Summary Table TOTAL 402.9 36.7 439.6 9 1/Includes PVA Bureaus Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation (PVC) only. 7 1229 Summary Table 1230 1231 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMSSON.SURE AND APPROPRIATION (IN OF DOLLARS) PAGE 1 02/04/87 AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING CP-88 MEALTM CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION ANO HUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPINT SELECTED DOVELOPMENT ACTIVITI!S ECONONIC SUPPORT FUND OTHER PROGRAMS BUREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1995 293.920 79,661 1986 263, 283 59,124 1987 226,232 53,643 1988 227,232 57,732 123.353 133,515 100.697 103,069 57.361 36.837 43.550 38.099 1.065 7.625 16.000 16,333 3,392 3,132 7.103 6.525 19,747 5,715 ,202 7,475 1.00 1.435 1.000 BUR FOR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST 1985 99.643 22.660 1996 33,917 22,271 1987 77.431 17.355 1988 62.890 19, 107 BUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 1985 93.222 47,916 1986 57.296 49,031 1987 77.828 45.107 1986 77,375 45.139 13,378 6.500 9.000 6, 410 6.935 7.300 10.000 7.344 7,472 2.366 703 2.600 6.000 15.13 12.257 5,372 7.427 30.000 33,495 35.000 20.005 36,206 370 25.509 26.042 7.500 70 374 2.055 2.100 1.253 1.049 1.516 1.275 5.277 5.972 2,663 2.921 9,436 7,243 7.845 16,080 550 420 12.753 17,754 12.636 16.371 19.500 13.400 13.603 1.999 OFFICE OF US POREISN OISASTER ASSISTANCE 1985 53.507 13,352 1986 16,733 4.336 1987 6.619 1.347 31.031 10.326 23.763 25.000 12.00 15.110 16.662 16,662 172.55 151.075 123.951 138,099 166,255 136.305 127.198 12.105 77.956 49.471 51.555 1 3.500 16.25 24.003 21.677 46.609 16.537 11.265 9. 415 10.400 s.201 1.00 63.000 10 ORIUL SALT DEL LOP 1.450 100 175 7.09D 5.00 8.137 5.775 00 533 000 3.300 1.300 2.891 4.000 1.300 855 532 ככז 6.770 3.77 6,300 1.065 7.625 12.000 12.901 $1.290 31.142 34.125 32.399 4 SO 1.439 2.486 2.036 1.800 1.927 2.000 2.675 2.700 1.300 1.000 11.713 8.655 2.491 3.507 BUREAU TOTAL ......... BUREAU FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 1935 40,28 1906 43.817 1997 36.051 1988 32,451 28.763 1988 25.000 OPPICE OF THE SCIENCE ADVISOR 1985 12.000 1986 15. 110 1987 16,662 1988 16.652 TOTAL 1995 1986 137 1983 539,592 471.136 459.967 439.610 OSOAU o PP c. TOTAL AGRICULTURE 19.7 1908 7.418 3.621 EDUCATION 1903 1966 1907 1985 4.750 ENERGY 1985 11.399 6.766 12.028 9775 1936 1987 1986 PORESTRY AND ENVR NAT RES 1905 6.069 1986 5.625 1987 4.311 1986 3.050 HEALTN 1985 1986 1917 1988 32.335 39.917 46,825 45.300 INTL TRAINING 1905 1986 1917 1901 1.439 2.406 2.036 1.800 13,645 10.855 NUTRITION 1985 1986 1987 1988 1. 207 11 1231 02/03/87 SUNNARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION C.-. ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUND SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OTNER PROGRANS REGION: BUREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CNILO SURVIVAL AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING MEALTH TOT AL 100 6.575 175 7.091 6.009 8.137 5.775 1.000 1.435 1.000 1.065 7.625 12.000 12.901 450 1.439 2.406 2.038 1.300 1.500 1.000 (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) AGRICULTURE 1985 38,548 37.025 29.951 31.000 33,548 37.025 29.951 31.000 1987 1988 5.966 5.521 1.450 EDUCATION 1985 1986 1987 1988 7.418 5.621 6,989 4.750 ENERGY 1995 1986 1987 1986 11.399 6.764 12,028 9775 3.300 1.300 2.891 6,000 1.300 855 $32 733 FORESTRY AND ENVR WAT RES 1985 6.049 1986 3.625 1907 1988 5,000 4.749 4,770 3.779 6.300 $1.290 31,842 34.825 32.399 HEALTN 1985 1986 1987 32.355 37.917 46.825 65.300 INIL TRAINING 1985 1986 1987 1908 1.439 2.406 2.038 1.800 1.927 2.000 2.675 2.700 11,718 3,855 2.491 3.507 NUTRITION 1983 1986 1987 1988 13,645 10,895 6.666 7. 207 11 1232 1233 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 2 02/03/87 CP-98 REGION: BUREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECMNOLOGY AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPNENT AND NUTRITION ORNICE POPULATION PLANNING TOTAL SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CMILD SURVIVAL ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELONENT MEALTN OTMER PROGRANS 128.050 133, 515 191.189 103,500 128.050 133,515 100.689 103,066 500 632 RURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPNENT 1985 12.769 11.199 1986 9.605 8.587 1907 7,849 7.370 1988 8.000 1.650 675 125 171 150 895 893 308 200 4.069 PROGRAN OPPICE 1.563 67 1.353 2.609 1.267 1.200 1.153 318 225 1.492 2.000 TI COG 7.324 1952 RESEARCN AND UNIVERSITY RELATIONS 1985 10.185 1996 1987 8,894 1988 8, 900 300 140 968 828°S 5,394 2.928 3.000 3.000 006's 285.926 263,283 226,232 227.232 79.641 69,024 53,643 57.732 123.050 133,515 100.68 103.065 57.361 36.837 40, 500 38.099 1.065 7.625 16.000 14.333 8.092 8.132 7.198 6.325 13,747 6. 715 9,202 7,475 1.000 1,433 1.000 12 LOPNUN TOTAL 4 OROAD SONINIS TIN oco.of sos 1.96 10.011 6.15 5.150 39.000 1905 20.000 POOD POR PLACE 1DIS 7.96 10.011 .. $.130 PRIVAT EVOL COOP 1985 55.000 39.925 1907 35.791 OSI. 7.472 2.064 703 2.63 6.35 7.300 10.000 7.346 3.7. 6.500 000 610 6.691 12.299 11. 206 12.95 COS COS Сcc•5 30.000 33.495 35.000 29.000 CO2-95 15.195 12.267 5.372 985 PROGRAN NGT SUPPORT OP 496 1987 1901 1,472 2.064 703 2.600 1.622 COS CCS ..935 7.300 10.000 1.346 13,370 6.500 9.000 6.410 22.660 22,291 17.356 19.107 216.80 POPULATION 1995 1936 1987 1988 1935 1980 1987 1988 TOTAL 1985 1986 1987 1906 OOLON. 6101 001 1918 1985 1996 TOTAL 198S 1916 1987 1988 77.431 52.890 1233 or "ROGRASS BY COUNTRY ANO APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 027037 CP- SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITI!S ECONONIC SUPPORT PUND EDUCATION AND NUN AN RESOURCES DEVELOPONT OTHER PROGRANS CHILD SURVIVAL 5.000 30.000 33.695 35.000 20.000 1111 7,472 2.034 703 2.605 4.35 7.300 10.000 7,344 4,82 6929 536 503 503 303 1986 599 6.03 30.000 33.495 35.000 29.000 15.199 12,267 5.372 7.62? 1.472 2.066 703 2.600 6.935 7.300 10,000 7.344 SUNNARY REGIONS SUR FOR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING NEALTN TOTAL ANEI SCNNOSP ABROAD 1985 36.000 1986 33,495 1987 35.000 1988 20.000 FOOD POR PLACE 1985 1986 1987 1900 1.969 10.011 6,150 5,150 7.96 10.011 6.153 5,150 16,614 PRIVATE/VOL COOP 1985 1986 1987 1983 13,378 6,500 9.000 6,410 14.691 12.289 11, 206 12,957 55.000 39.925 35,731 36,263 PROGRAN MGT SUPPORT OP! 1985 594 1936 496 1987 13,378 6.500 9,000 6.410 22.665 22.291 17.356 19,107 TOTAL 1985 1986 1987 1938 9.643 83,917 77.431 52.890 13 1235 | SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 1 02733/37 RESION: BUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION CP-83 OFFICE TOTAL ASRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNINS MEALTH CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION ANO MUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIIS ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUND OTHER PROGRAMS 299 ECONOMIC AFFAIRS 1985 439 1986 1987 425 1908 425 EVALUATION AND DEV INFO 1985 1.533 1986 6565 1987 4.000 1988 462 425 425 1.612 1.601 2.050 2.127 000 115 595 570 SSS 450 2.926 2.964 780 736 597 POL DEV/PROGRAN REV 1995 2.358 1986 6,038 1987 3.913 1988 3.913 106 365 796 675 907 875 70 374 520 530 919 1234 2.067 1.253 1.459 375 WONEN IN DEV 1935 1986 1987 1988 707 103 2.387 2.002 2.000 2.000 OLS 293 750 800 587 700 993 325 250 230 300 06 135 653 COZ CGIAR 1995 1986 1987 1988 45.000 66.249 40.000 45.000 46.249 40.000 40.000 000 C PLACE CORPS 1985 1936 1997 1988 2.1 3D 2.037 1.400 1.337 700 UNICEP 1993 7. SO 7.300 1957 ---LU POLIC Cee. . MOTO ... COORDIATION . LOTO SUU -OSNA VALOns TOTAL U PUNO POR POPULATION ACTIVITY 36.000 0 36.0 23.399 23.005 06c 29.000 7.500 TOTAL 36,206 222 כזס 70 374 2.OSS 2.100 2.621 45. 49.139 26.90 26.040 1235 SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS COUNTRY. AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) 02/03/87 CP-3 LESIONI DUR. POR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION POPULATION PLANNIN: AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION CHILD SURVIVAL EDUCATION AND WURAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC SUPPORT UND OINER PROGRANS WEALTN TOTAL 36.000 O. UN PUND FOR POPULATION ACTIVITY 1935 36.000 1986 1987 25,000 25.399 25.009 25.390 1901 7.500 TOTAL 1985 1986 1987 93.222 57.296 77.826 77.375 47,016 49,031 45.107 45,139 36, 206 873 26, 509 26.040 70 374 2.035 2.100 1.253 1.049 1.514 1,275 5.277 5.972 2.643 2.821 15 1237 SUNNARY OF PROGRANS BY COUNTRY AND APPROPRIATION (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/87 RESION: BUREAU POR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE CP-88 OFFICE TOTAL AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPNENT AND NUTRITION POPULATION PLANNING MEALTN CHILD SURVIVAL -oooooo EDUCATION AND MUNAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC SUPPORT SUN OTHER PROGRAMS 1996 NOUSINS AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 1985 6,255 5.615 1987 5.000 1938 6,750 INVESTMENT 1985 18.800 1986 15.933 1987 14,100 1986 12.500 6,255 5.615 5.000 6.750 110 65 304 9,760 192 106 2.740 18,300 15.400 13.600 PROGRAM REVIEW 1985 1930 1987 1988 70 1.552 1.572 769 771 1,692 1.572 767 771 露 ​1236 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 1985 15,677 1936 11.697 1987 13.882 1988 16.130 3.304 7.198 7.541 6.320 350 620 6.823 13.07) 6.341 7.810 PRIVATE SECTOR COORDINATOR 1935 1986 1987 300 1988 300 305 303 TOTAL 1985 1900 1987 1983 40,284 40.817 36.051 32.451 9.484 1.243 7.345 16.000 2.750 9.500 605 AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION Responsible Officers: tylec Brady NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology , es Bloch GLIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance ! 1237 ND NUTRITION AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT Responsible Officers: NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology Кі als es Bloch JULIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance 17 1239 1238 7 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in inillions of dollars) FY 1987 FY 1988 FY 1986 Actual Estimated Request De die Agency policy to faster the food security objectives of seloping countries. Long-run food security is the ability of a outry to assure a quantitatively and nutritionally adequate food ply in a continuing basis. This results from a combination of eestie production and importation of food on commercial terms paid with foreign exchange earnings. 128.1 104.9 109.0" AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION OVERVIEW | suntry's food supply can be assured not only through increased domestic food production and more efficient food distribution, but le through expanded purchasing power and international trade. In this contest, A.1.D.'s policy is to avoid supporting activities that neresse production of agricultural comodities which directly capete vith exports of similar U.S. agricultural comodities. In fat A.I.D. funds are used to improve or introduce growth or production of agricultural commodities for export which would compete with the agricultural export markets of the United States. serta & THE CENTRALLY FUNDED PROGRAM the centrally-funded program has a dual role in A.1.D. First, it asames Agency-vide leadership in stimulating and encouraging the creation and use of improved technologies to remove development wstraints. Second, it plans and carries out specific scientific research (basic, applied and collaborative) and pursues other developeert activities which either cannot be done by A.I.D. field Leias, or which can be done more effectively and efficiently through a centrally-managed program. Thus, the centrally-funded program is a broad-based program to stimulate self-sustaining Acercanic growth intended to lessen hunger and equitably increase in one mong LDC populations. Between 1974 and 1983 world food production increased at an average annual rate of 2.28. Per capita agricultural production, however, declined among the group of 36 least developed nations because: population growth out-stripped agricultural yields; there was and still is reluctance to restructure restrictive policies governing production factors; the shift from central to decentralized management (public to private sector) is woefully slow; and the adverse effects of environmental/biological. Environmental and biological stresses associated with poor management of natural resources, post-harvest losses, drought, and plant and animal diseases, collectively and singularly retard growth in the agriculture sector and prevent improvement in the rate of production increase. Progress has been made in achieving food and agricultural self-reliance in some less developed countries (LDCs) but a significant gap between food availability and food needs still exists. In LDCs where farming is the dominant economic activity, the agriculture sector could provide sufficient, dependable supplies of nutritious food, yet the sector has simply failed to consistently maintain either sufficient or dependable supplies of staple foods. In Africa, for example, agricultural output per capita has declined considerably over the last two decades while acute deforestation and deterioration of the natural resource base continues. Unless and until African countries capture ways and means to control and prevent recurring stress in the agriculture sector, wide-spread hunger and clinical malnutrition will persist. Pressures on the human environment in LDCs intensify daily. Depleted natural resources, man-made or natural disasters, and lack of social services and infrastructure threaten the lives of millions. Rural incomes remain low while rural unemployment rates drastically fluctuate. Inappropriate agricultural policies contribute heavily to low food availability. Conditions such as displacement of populations, disequilibrium between population and natural resources, the nature of controlling economic policies, political friction, ineffective institutions, and the absence of effective demand, also contribute to stagnation and decline in economic growth. Lessening Hunger Although the exact contours of the hunger problem differ from country to country, differential between real food demand and effective food demand exists in varying proportions in all LDCs. ne pervasive existence of real food demand - the need for food by hungry people -- and effective food demand - the amount of food people can pay for – dictate the structure of use of the central allocation of the 103 Account because we want A.I.D.'s efforts to enhance farmer prosperity and increase employment opportunities and granth in per capita income so as to lessen hunger. - - Enhancing farmer prosperity requires compatible technologies and merkets to acquire and sustain agricultural growth. A.I.D. expects to remain a leader in developing and disseminating techniques of better fari production not only as a boon to LDCs but also as a tremendous world source of agricultural know-how. Participation by the nited States in global agricultural development provides vital 19 Excludes centrally funded Private and voluntary cooperation Program Activities totalling $12.3 million in FY 1986; $11.2 million in FY 1987; and $13.0 million in FY 1988. AIO 310-) (893) 18 1239 POLICY It is Agency policy to foster the food security objectives of developing countries. Long-run food security is the ability of a country to assure a quantitatively and nutritionally adequate food supply an a continuing basis. This results from a combination of domestic production and importation of food on commercial terms paid with foreign exchange earnings. A country's food supply can be assured not only through increased domestic food production and more efficient food distribution, but also through expanded purchasing power and international trade. In this context, A.I.D.'s policy is to avoid supporting activities that increase production of agricultural commodities which directly compete with exports of similar 0.s. agricultural commodities. In fact no A.I.D. funds are used to improve or introduce growth or production of agricultural commodities for export which would compete with the agricultural export markets of the United States. DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRALLY FUNDED PROGRAM The centrally-funded program has a dual role in A.I.D. First, it assumes Agency-wide leadership in stimulating and encouraging the creation and use of improved technologies to remove development constraints. Second, it plans and carries out specific scientific research (basic, applied and collaborative) and pursues other development activities which either cannot be done by A.I.D. field missions, or which can be done more effectively and efficiently through a centrally-managed program. Thus, the centrally-funded program is a broad-based program to stimulate self-sustaining economic growth intended to lessen hunger and equitably increase income among LDC populations. Lessening Hunger Although the exact contours of the hunger problem differ from country to country, differential between real food demand and effective food demand exists in varying proportions in all locs, The pervasive existence of real food demand - the need for food by hungry people – and effective food demand -- the amount of food people can pay for – dictate the structure of use of the central allocation of the 103 Account because we want A.I.D.'s efforts to enhance farmer prosperity and increase employment opportunities and growth in per capita income so as to lessen hunger. Enhancing farmer prosperity requires compatible technologies and markets to acquire and sustain agricultural growth. A.1.D. expects to remain a leader in developing and disseminating techniques of better farm production not only as a boon to LDCs but also as a tremendous world source of agricultural know-how. Participation by the United States in global agricultural development provides vital 19 1241 1240 intern research in staple cereals, root crops, and legunes herkes lentil, sweet potato, yan and cassava) to acquire Red varieties and production methods is conducted by the bernational Agricultural Research Centers (IARCS). A.I.D.'s mentribution to the IARCS leverages $3 for each dollar we Merid. The collaborative Research Support Program (CRS) component of American colleges and universities, jointly funded by 11.D. and the universities, work cooperatively with LDC centists and scientific institutions to solve specific problems darbu, pillet, beans, cowpeas, peanuts, small ruminants and Astrition factors - soil, water, and fertilizer. access to scientific knowledge needed for our own growth in agricultural production and marketing: even more so now that the developing countries have replaced industrialized countries as our fastest growing markets. When we give LDCs agricultural assistance, we help them grow economically which creates growing markets for our agricultural exports. If we do not help, economic stagnation and decline will cause increasing LDC dependence on external food aid and likely result in decreased consumption, more undernutrition, and less productivity. The centrally-funded portfolio to lessen hunger, both complements and extends bilateral assistance programs. Whereas bilateral programs have the comparative advantage of being "on-site," as it were, the centrally-funded program's comparative advantage is its ability to liaison with other 0. S. Government agencies, universities, foundations, private industrial complexes and the world wide scientific community so as to find the best means to solve technical and scientific problems. The centrally-funded program also has the distinct advantage to organize and manage United States based research activities that address critical regional issues. Through research and service projects, special attention is given to food production factors and food availability staple crops, and consumption; and effective demand - animal and aquatic resources, energy, tropical forestry, species protection, biological diversity and natural resources management for sustained development. 1. Food Availability A. Staple Crops ($ 67.6 million in FY 1987; $ 67.5 million in FT 1988) De Agency's investæents in the work of the IARCs have yielded and returns, The IARCs have produced numerous new varieties of kaple foods which contribute significantly to A.1.D.'s objective d'attaining food self-reliance. Examples are: New Varieties Latin Middle East America & N. Africa Total Africa Asia con 0 0 2 2. Bro lens, field 2 1 2 Chickpeas Darpas 90 32 0 12 126 12 0 26 0 14 61 0 5 5 31 31 10 96 63 3 29 238 12 8 7 61 302 31 6 11 264 2 49 0 3 2 16 140 Pastire species Per pillet Pigem pea 0 Bice 0 2 Sarshan Street potatoes Triticale best, bread theat, duru i ona 12 129 5 0 1 114 13 6 2 40 5 0 0 0 66 20 44 3 LDC farmers need crop varieties with increased tolerance to environmental stresses, low soil fertility, diseases, insects and other pests. Farmers also need improved varieties of cassava, sorghum, millet, high protein legumes and other staple crops to replace low yielding varieties, and techniques for restoring productivity to degraded soils. Solutions to these problems are especially important to the Agency's agriculture strategy for the African continent. Needs are different in Asia and Latin America. Por Asian countries, the pressing crop need is to identify new techniques for diversifying crops in areas where rice is the dominant crop. Improved soil and water management methods are also needed as well as environmentally sound land clearing techniques for agricultural use. In Latin America and the Caribbean Basin, a major goal is to provide sustainable increases in production of staple foods, particularly on marginal lands where better soil management and erosion control techniques are urgent needs. The ast's have achieved sinilar break-throughs which are identified later in this text. The Agency is credited with increasing considerably, production of staple foods in such countries as the Cameroon, Honduras, Panana, mailand, India, and Burma through work in sproved seed technology lesger, but still significant accomplishments occurred in other countries, for example, Ecuador, Peru, and Ghana, A.I.D.'s seed production and supply progran essentially reorganized the entire 20 21 1241 Long-tern research in staple cereals, root crops, and legumes (bar ley, lentil, sweet potato, yam and cassava) to acquire improved varieties and production methods is conducted by the International Agricultural Research Centers (IARCS). A.I.D.'s contribution to the IARCS leverages $3 for each dollar we provide. The collaborative Research support Program (CRSP) composed of American colleges and universities, jointly funded by A.1.D. and the universities, work cooperatively with LDC scientists and scientific institutions to solve specific problems of sorghum, millet, beans, cowpeas, peanuts, small ruminants and production factors – soli, water, and fertilizer. The Agency's investments in the work of the IARCS have yielded good returns. The IARC8 have produced numerous new varieties of staple foods which contribute significantly to A.I.D.'s objective of attaining food self-reliance. Examples are: New Varieties 1 Latin Middle East Crop Africa Asia America & N. Africa Total Barley 8 Beans, field 4 2 0 Cassava 26 5 Chickpeas 0 2 Cowpeas 14 Maize 61 238 Pasture species 0 0 Pearl millet 5 3 Pigeon pea 5 2 Potatoes 31 16 2 Rice 31 140 Sorghum 18 31 Sweet potatoes Triticale 2 Wheat, bread 40 44 114 66 264 wheat, durum 13 20 41 The CRSPS have achieved similar break-throughs which are identified later in this text. The Agency is aedited with increasing considerably, production of staple foods in such countries as the Cameroon, Honduras, Panama, Thailand, India, and Burma through work in improved seed technology Lesser, but still significant accomplishments occurred in other countries, for example, Ecuador, Peru, and Ghana, A.I.D.'s seed production and supply program essentially reorganized the entire Devon root oo cm over het w 6 2 0 il 1 21 1243 1242 At this center, to be officially opened in September, 1987, extension workers will learn how to instruct farmers about one and off-farm water management. Classes will be conducted in English and Preach and open to Sahara and Sub-Sahara trainees. systematic research into groundwater problems in the Sahel revealed a totally unexpected problem. Sahel soils were found to be murally acidic for low rainfall areas. Acidity causes Sahel wolls to retain toxic concentrations of soluable aluminum which prevents proper root development and makes it impossible for roots to absorb available water. A simple application of limestone stons promise for solving this problem but because of the high degree of variability of soils over short distances and the low tolerance to excessive line, the Agency is proceeding with research to develop practical applications of line. The important finding is that soil acidity was never thought to be the problem. The problee was believed to have been solely a matter of absence pre-marketing control system including production, processing, quality, storage, and the seed marketing system, in each of the above countries. Seed marketing, once solely managed by the public sector is now a private sector enterprise in Thailand, Cameroon and India. A.I.D.'s work with seeds translates into more abundant food at prices better afforded by the poor. In the propagation of crops, other research techniques play an important role in increasing the availability of staple foods. Through tissue culture, new crop cultivars, adapted for resistance to stress, i.e., high acidity, salinity, heat or drought, are being sought. Staple food crops where the tissue culture method is of particular importance are cassava, white potato, sweet potato, and rice. The significant contribution of tissue culture is the elimination of virus pathogens which makes the resistive clones more vigorous and productive. Tissue culture also greatly facilitates germplasa preservation and exchange because tissue culture derived materials can be made pathogen free. In addition, the more established method of seed breeding took years to bring forth new varieties. Using tissue culture, production of numerous plants occurs in under six months. Under current rates of application it is estimated that by the year 2000 LDCs will be spending $50 billion for nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen can be supplied to legumes biologically. Increased use of nitrogen fixation reduces dependence on chemically prepared nitrogen probably by as much as 20%, resulting in aggregate savings of more than $1 billion per 20% increase in use of nitrogen fixation. The Agency has purchased services to research and instruct LOCs how best to make use of biologically induced nitrogen technology. In Thailand, policy makers have accepted the cost efficiency of biological fixation of nitrogen and have promoted a modern plant in anticipation of local demand for legume inoculation. In Burma, rhizobia inoculation has produced improved lima bean seeds, a high value crop. Uruguay and other Latin American countries comercially import legume inoculants from the United States. In the Caribbean Basin, transfer of biological fixation technology to improve pulse crops (example-pigeon peas) and to inoculate fast-growing tree seedlings is underway. An assessment of the success of inoculating selected tree seedlings is currently in process in Haiti. Water accessibility and allocation is a real constraint to increasing food availability. Country specific recommendations to rehabilitate and improve existing irrigation systems, to regulate farmer use of irrigation and to evaluate local management of irri- gation are components of the centrally-funded water management program. In Morocco, over the years, funds from the 103 Account have helped establish the International Irrigation Center in Rabat. of racer. Through networks previously established A.I.D. was able to provide, an very short notice, consultants and technical assistance to work collaboratively with A.I.D.'s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, FAO and other international donors, to combat the recent grasshopper outbreak in West Africa. The consultants provided information on the biology of the locust which permitted selection of the most effective, quick acting pesticide. Intomologists were sent to Senegal, the Gambia, Mauritania, Chad, ali, Burkino Paso, Ethiopia and Sudan, in response to Mission requests. Also through established networks the Agency located 0.6. pilots with air spraying experience who supervised aerial applications of pesticides. The aircraft were financed by the Office of Poreign Disaster Assistance and the selection of pesticides, $2 million in value, was recomended by the Agency, an evaluation tean selected by FAO conducted an environmental Assesment of the impact of the control methods and determined that the approach taken was environmentally and scientifically Round. 0. S. Land Grant colleges and universities working under the provisions of Title XII are involved in a series of activities to increase food availability. In Burkino Paso, Lincoln University in lissouri provides technology for grain marketing. Tennessee State together with Penn State provide Swazi farmers methods of cropping systems adapted to the vagaries of Swaziland's climate, its range in altitude, and its limited arable land mass. Plorida is involved in expanding the Polytechnical College in Malawi so that larger numbers of Malawians can be educated at home to fill important public and private sector positions. The expansion reduces need to use hard currency to send Malawians abroad for edication and thereby frees-up hard currency for other uses. 22 23 1243 At this center, to be officially opened in September, 1987, extension workers will learn how to instruct farmers about on and off-farn water management. Classes will be conducted in English and Prench and open to Sahara and Sub-Sahara trainees. systematic research into groundwater problems in the Sahel revealed a totally unexpected problem. Sahel soils were found to be unusually acidic for low rainfall areas. Acidity causes Sahel soils to retain toxic concentrations of soluable aluminum which prevents proper root development and makes it impossible for roots to absorb available water. A simple application of limestone shows promise for solving this problem but because of the high degree of variability of soils over short distances and the low tolerance to excessive lime, the Agency is proceeding with research to develop practical applications of lime. The important finding is that soil acidity was never thought to be the problem. The problem was believed to have been solely a matter of absence of water. Through networks previously established A.I.D. was able to provide, on very short notice, consultants and technical assistance to work collaboratively with A.I.D.'s Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, PAO and other international donors, to combat the recent grasshopper outbreak in West Africa. The consultants provided information on the biology of the locust which permitted selection of the most effective, quick acting pesticide. Entomologists were sent to Senegal, the Gambia, Mauritania, Chad, Mali, Burkino Paso, Ethiopia and Sudan, in response to Mission requests. Also through established networks the Agency located U.S. pilots with air spraying experience who supervised aerial applications of pesticides. The aircraft were financed by the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the selection of pesticides, $2 million in value, was recommended by the Agency. An evaluation team selected by PAO conducted an environmental assessment of the impact of the control methods and determined that the approach taken was environmentally and scientifically sound, 0. S. Land Grant colleges and universities working under the provisions of Title XII are involved in a series of activities to increase food availability. In Burkino Paso, Lincoln University in Missouri provides technology for grain marketing. Tennessee State together with Penn State provide Swazi farmers methods of cropping systems adapted to the vagaries of Swaziland's climate, its range in altitude, and its limited arable land mass. Florida A&M is involved in expanding the Polytechnical College in Malawi so that larger numbers of Malawians can be educated at home to fill important public and private sector positions. The expansion reduces need to use hard currency to send Malawians abroad for education and thereby frees-up hard currency for other uses. 23 1244 1245 II. Effective Demand Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) work in collaboration with LDC scientists conducting research in soil and water management; protection of plants and animals and nutrition. B. Improved Consumption ($ 2.5 million FY 87; $ 3.5 million FY 887 Abatement of hunger demands attention not only to the quantity of food available but also the quality of food consumed. Poor quality weaning foods rank high among the causes of infant malnutrition, hunger, morbidity, and mortality. Using funds from the 103 Account, the Agency endeavors to reduce incidences of undernourishment and takes steps to integrate nutrition factors into related sector programs. Through the centrally-funded program, resources are provided to help correct prevalent, poor nutrition practices and adapt food consumption technologies which are acceptable, affordable and essential to improved food consumption in LDCs. The Agency's work in Vitamin A therapy has proven that acceptable, affordable modifications to food intake can make a substantial difference in human well-being. At the outset, Vitamin A research and related service projects were targeted to prevent blindness caused by deficiency in Vitamin A. After ten years of implementation in Indonesia, results from recent field trials revealed that Vitamin A fortified monosodium glutemate, consumed over time, not only reduced incidences of blindness but also childhood mortality. Statistics show a lower mortality rate among pre-schoolers in the experimental area (13.408) compared with that in the control area (19.5%) which suggests that vitamin A may have a role in reducing mortality rates. Replication of the vitamin A therapy program is underway in Niger, Sudan, Bolivia and Haiti. A simple process and low-cost products have been combined to produce weaning and snack foods. Through the extrusion cooking method, cereals and legumes are processed into baby food. In Sri Lanka, this cereal is known as thriposha. Thr iposha initially was made from 0. S. PL 480 commodities and local corn and soy beans. The factory which manufactures thriposha was built partly from PL 480-generated local currency. Thr iposha is a well-accepted commercial product used by approximately 500,000 Sri Lankans. Commodities from the PL 480 program have been withdrawn and a commercial enterprise thrives. ? 2 dl too poor to purchase food, there will be hunger no 30 the global agricultural economy produces. Among -322) of services essential to increasing income on of the wall enterprise sector, reduce as in the generation of income through off-farm er result in low to no national capital growth. firencial causes of hunger requires ingenuity and gebought the centrally funded 103 Account program we wailability and quality nore so than effective e site de support activities designed to determine how best 13 obcess effective demand. Current Agency effort is De foas to increase income among the poor. Over sans learned will provide the basis for larger, regional 3. The Agency supports pilot programs addressing capital es trogies, entrepreneurship, product improvement, market Beste and animal and aquatic activities as means of Els usuhe. Above all, however, long-term income eta gonth depends on acquiring and maintaining ecosystem en red life support systems capable of sustaining the en de gode for human well being. Natural resources for sustained development provides the renewable sal meterials for both food availability and purchasing emal Resources - Tropical forests, Biological Diversity, TE PULSIOR TO THE TIMION Y OBT Seservation of lacs' natural resource base is of utmost Posted to mankind. Deforestation, erosion, and fuelwood Brings are constraints to development. Porests cover roughly Posist of the world's land area. Wood and forest products de income and employment for millions, essential raw Ekiala, and fuelwood -- the main source of household energy in se beveloping world. Changes in forest areas in LDCs have far ped those in the developed world, yet comparatively less I facest land is managed. According to the United Nations beste egent Program and the food and Agriculture Organization, paly five countries in Africa and four in Asia bave significant levels of intensively managed forests. bathing is more fundamental to the Agency's work than the ability 1 to her age wheely land, water and the elements thereof and to tablish cound systems of conservation. Conservationists and letalsts worlaride are concerned about the capta loss of 24 25 1245 II. Effective Demand when people are too poor to purchase food, there will be hunger no natter how much the global agricultural economy produces. Among LDCS the inadequacy of services essential to increasing income retard expansion of the small enterprise sector, reduce opportunities for the generation of income through off-farm employment and result in low to no national capital growth. Correcting the financial causes of hunger requires ingenuity and creativity. Though the centrally funded 103 Account program addresses food availability and quality more so than effective denand, funds do support activities designed to determine how best the Agency can address effective demand. Current Agency effort is to redefine the focus to increase income among the poor. Over time lessons learned will provide the basis for larger, regional activities. The Agency supports pilot programs addressing capital saving technologies, entrepreneurship, product improvement, market development and animal and aquatic activities as means of increasing income. Above all, however, long-term income generation growth depends on acquiring and maintaining ecosystem processes and life support systems capable of sustaining the production of goods for human well being. Natural resources management for sustained development provides the renewable biological materials for both food availability and purchasing power. A. Natural Resources - Tropical forests, Biological Diversity, SPECIES PLOTECTION $0.1 IN TT TT $9.7 III TT 8T The conservation of LDCs' natural resource base is of utmost importance to mankind. Deforestation, erosion, and fuelwood shortages are constraints to development. Forests cover roughly one-third of the world's land area. wood and forest products provide income and employment for millions, essential caw materials, and fuelwood - the main source of household energy in the developing world. Changes in forest areas in LDCs have far outstripped those in the developed world, yet comparatively less LDC forestland 18 managed. According to the United Nations Environment Program and the Pood and Agriculture Organization, only five countries in Africa and four in Asia have significant areas of intensively managed forests. Nothing is more fundamental to the Agency's work than the ability to manage wisely land, water and the elements thereof and establish sound systems of conservation. Conservationists and economists worldwide are concerned about the rapid loss of 25 1247 1246 Ees of environmental and natural resources has come to nderstand the need to coordinate the work of 16 public istitutions and 10 grivate institutions to prevent conflicts and se the undertilization of human, institutional and financial ceskarces, the Dominican environmental profile also revealed that tough a defined national policy exists for intermediate-term zijaltural development planning there is no explicit policy for atral resources management and that solutions are sought for zaricamental problems on an ex-post-facto basis. The A.I.D. nissim and the Government of the Daninican Republic are seeking cess to correct and restructure management of natural resources so the sustained development can occur. 1. Eery Consuption and Conservation ($ 2.9 million FY 87; 7 milion 301 biological diversity in LDCs, but LDCs themselves lack adequate resources to handle the problem so help from outside is essential. A.I.D.'s concerns to date have been directed largely to fuelwood regeneration, conservation, renewable energy sources, and efficient use/conservation of fossil fuels; however a broader approach is taking hold. In the context of in-house capability and LDC requests, part of the 103 Account has been used to improve management and prevent deterioration of forests, soils, watersheds and coastal areas; to limit damage to ecosystems from pesticides; to make good use of agro-wastes and forest products; and to regenerate soils. Among the activities to preserve natural resources, the Agency has entered into an agreement with the East-West Center to improve the economic valuation of natural resource management. Collaboration with Peace Corps, an activity which encourages Peace Corps volunteers to collaborate with private voluntary organizations that work on PL 480 reforestation projects is progressing well. Initial pilot projects are implemented in Senegal, Rwanda and Kenya and will be expanded in three other countries during 1987 and 1988. The natural resources management program demonstrates the economic benefits of coastal resources planning and management and provides long-term support necessary for building LDC institutional and scientific capability to solve environmental and natural resource problems. The forestry support program responded to more than 100 reguests for technical advice during FY 1986. Expert referral services were provided to more than 40 LDCs. During FY 1986 the program also assisted A.1.D. mission-funded forestry projects in the Philippines, India, Senegal, Burundi, Honduras, and Haiti. The program was revised in Py 1985 to give increased exphasis to research, to the relationships between forestry and agriculture, and to opportunities for involvement of the indigenous private sector in forest-based economic development. Demonstration activities involving forest products market development were initiated in Ecuador as part of a new private forest enterprise initiative during FY 1986. Awareness of the negative impact of degradation of the environment has grown substantially in LDCs over the past decade. Knowing that A.I.D. field missions had neither sufficient information nor manpower to undertake vigorous programs to abate degradation, the centrally-funded program initiated the preparation of country environmental profiles. The cesults to date are encouraging. Bolivia for example, after having prepared its environmental profile is rewriting the country's environmental laws with help from technical experts supplied by A.I.D. The Government of the Dominican Republic with approximately 26 institutions involved in Policies and patterns of energy consuption and conservation have changed in response to the oil price rises of 1973-74 and 1979-10. As a result, energy systems based on renewable sources have received increased attention in both the developed and developing world. The use of photovoltaics as a source of energy for small-scale ise was investigated and resulted in several activities. Customarily water pumping and grain grinding were done by hand, usually by female menbers of households. Today, in Burkino Paso, water purping and grain grinding powered by photovoltaics have evolved into a viable village co-operative. Tiger-fees are paid by members of the co-operative and users from seighboring villages. Considerable income is generated with which the w-operative provides comunity amenities previously zavailable. Results fræ prior efforts in fuelwood are promising. In adagascar 10 or 15 years ago, a pine forest was established as a local source of pulp for paper. The pulp plant never materialized. Management of the pine forest fell by the wayside. A.1.D., working jointly with the World Bank to establish a least-cost strategy for the production of household fuels in Madagascar, reasoned that by reestablishing proper management practices, wastes from the cuttings of the pine forest would be sufficient in quantity to process enough fuelwood to supply Madagascar's capitol city. Because of this new source of fuelwood, Madagascar is saving hard currency previously used to ipport fossil fuel, has reestablished a productive forest, and has opened up new private sector employment opportunities. As a result, replication within Madagascar and other countries is the nert step. Implementation of a project initiated in FY 1985 (Forestry, Peelwood Research and Development) is expected to recreate successes similar to the Madagascar experience by establishing research networks to improve production of fuelwood, forestry 69-533 0 - 87 - 40 26 27 1247 matters of environmental and natural resources has come to understand the need to coordinate the work of 16 public institutions and 10 private institutions to prevent conflicts and Dease the underutilization of human, institutional and financial resources. The Dominican environmental profile also revealed that though a defined national policy exists for intermediate-term agricultural development planning there is no explicit policy for natural resources management and that solutions are sought for environmental problems on an ex-post-facto basis, The A.1.D. mission and the Government of the Dominican Republic are seeking ways to correct and restructure management of natural resources so that sustained development can occur. B. Energy Consumption and Conservation ($ 2.9 million FY 87; $7.0 million FY 88T Policies and patterns of energy consumption and conservation have changed in response to the oil price rises of 1973-74 and 1979-80. As a result, energy systems based on renewable sources have received increased attention in both the developed and developing world. The use of photovoltaics as a source of energy for small-scale use was investigated and resulted in several activities. Customarily water pumping and grain grinding were done by hand, usually by female members of households. Today, in Burkino Paso, water pumping and grain grinding powered by photovoltaics have evolved into a viable village co-operative. User-fees are paid by members of the co-operative and users from neighboring villages. Considerable income is generated with which the co-operative provides community amenities previously unavailable. Results from prior efforts in fuelwood are promising. In Madagascar 10 or 15 years ago, a pine forest was established as a local source of pulp for paper. The pulp plant never materialized. Management of the pine forest fell by the wayside, A.I.D., working jointly with the World Bank to establish a least-cost strategy for the production of household fuels in Madagascar, reasoned that by reestablishing proper management practices, wastes from the cuttings of the pine forest would be sufficient in quantity to process enough fuelwood to supply Madagascar's capitol city. Because of this new source of fuelwood, Madagascar is saving hard currency previously used to import fossil fuel, has reestablished a productive forest, and has opened up new private sector employment opportunities. As a result, replication within Madagascar and other countries is the next step. Implementation of a project initiated in FY 1985 (Forestry, Fuelwood Research and Development) is expected to recreate successes similar to the Madagascar experience by establishing research networks to improve production of fuelwood, forestry 69-533 0 - 87 - 40 27 1248 1249 ustedentreprenuershipl$ 5.8 million FY 87; $6,2 million goods, services and management, and agroforestry. Forestry research is also expected to result in systems for alley cropping, using multipurpose tree species in countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Garibbean Basin. In addition, new technology of soil amendment to make infertile acid tropical soils productive on a continuing basis is in implementation. Another accomplishment resulting from prior work concerns better use of coal as a household fuel. An assessment of the supply demand chain for household fuels in Pakistan revealed that the use of all-coal-content briquettes for home cooking was both inefficient and expensive. A mixture of 30% agro-waste and 70% coal was market tested and found to be consumer acceptable. The reformulated briquette, now actively marketed through the commercial sector in Pakistan, reduces airborne pollution associated with coal burning, reduces the depletion rate of a finite fossil fuel and has opened new opportunities for private sector employment. LDC conservation management teams evolved from fuel conservation management workshops funded by the centrally-funded program. These teams, composed of private sector energy professionals, conduct audits of energy consumption and formulate recommenda- tions. Teams are active in Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic, The most significant recent accomplishment occurred in the Dominican Republic where the team's assessment and recommendation resulted in a 20% savings in the use of fuel by a large local manufacturer. wing users to problems of poverty require a at and self-reliant population. Implemented by Tecrology International (ATI) funds from the 103 had to identify, commercialize and replicate Ltde entrepreneurial enterprises which have potential for zbo self-sustaining small industries. The small-scale the patent concept using venture capital is being tested 22, Indonesia and the Philippines. On the African hat the program is experimenting with establishing Bázis o cooperative and community development is as profit saking enterprise units. se proteas in finding ways and means to help LDCs expand job Kan and stimulate income generation from new sources has spot, amplished partially through promotion of productive en enterprises and policy analysis. In Bangladesh and este coregoing policy analyses are helping to identify policy sta cestraints on employment and productivity. Results of preted analyses will contribute to the a.1.D. Missions' say to enter into corrective dialogue with the respective en un munt of attention is given to strengthening institutions a aseist labor-intensive private, small-scale and tits-enterprises. In El Salvador for example, the effort to who loan officers who work for a national credit cooperative SED!TO) to more effectively appraise and support small si applicants is showing promise. In Sri Lanka, the eztelt Developeent Authority, with A.I.D.'s help, is planning to a la place an employment and investment development institution well establish manufacturing and agribusiness enterprises in the Mahaweli resettlement area. Unemployment and under employment with resulting lack of income impacts across the spectrum of basic needs. Neither human dignity nor material well being are within the reach of the chronically unemployed and under employed. The Jamaican Government, intent on restoring jobs lost in part to drastic long-term decline in the sugar market, entered into discussions approximately two and a half years ago with the A.I.D. Mission about the possibility of producing electricity from sugar cane. A $1 million feasibility study, funded jointly by the centrally-funded program, the A.I.D. Mission, A.I.D.'s Trade and Development Program, and a privately owned American company, concluded that the residue from sugar could be used profitably to generate electricity. Plans call for the construction of a 35 megawatt power plant that will create jobs for at least 5000 skilled and unskilled laborers, the workforce most seriously affected by unemployment. The start-up cost of the plant is estimated at $45 million, a dollar value far less than that of the annual cost of imports of oil from which Jamaica's electricity is now generated. It is expected that the American company will put up the investment money and is now negotiating the terms of the agreement with the Jamaican Government. The feasibility of replicating this technology in Thailand, the Philippines, Dominican Republic, Pakistan and India, is under consideration. El entre interest and tremendous potential is the Agency's elet to establish co-ventures between privately owned business srities in the United States and small and medium sized besser over seas. Pield trials to test approaches to promoting venturing are taking place in Turkey, Tunisia, Yemen, Thailand, and consta Rica, Do Animals and Aquatics ($ 6.4 Million PY 87; $ 7.1 million FY 88) Within the biologically diverse developing world, management of biological diversity has focused largely on species with known wc value, i.e. timber, fruit trees, certain marine fish, enerals, and birds. As concerns animals, the two most limiting factors of production are disease and nutrition. Differences in ecological zones and variations in animal management systems protein and products 28 29 1249 C. Employment/Entreprenuership($ 5.8 million FY 87; $ 6.2 million 81 Self-sustaining answers to problems of poverty require a productive and self-reliant population. Implemented by Appropriate Technology International (ATI) funds from the 103 Account are used to identify, commercialize and replicate small-scale entrepreneurial enterprises which have potential for growth into self-sustaining small industries. The small-scale industry development concept using venture capital is being tested in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines. On the African continent the program is experimenting with establishing subsidiaries of cooperative and community development organizations as profit making enterprise units. Steady progress in finding ways and means to help LDCs expand job markets and stimulate income generation from new sources has occurred, accomplished partially through promotion of productive non-farm enterprises and policy analysis. In Bangladesh and Rwanda, on-going policy analyses are helping to identify policy induced constraints on employment and productivity. Results of the completed analyses will contribute to the A.I.D. Missions' ability to enter into corrective dialogue with the respective governments. A fair amount of attention is given to strengthening institutions that assist labor-intensive private, small-scale and micro-enterprises. In El Salvador for example, the effort to train loan officers who work for a national credit cooperative (FEDECREDITO) to more effectively appraise and support small business applicants is showing promise. In Sri Lanka, the Mahaweli Development Authority, with A.I.D.'s help, is planning to put in place an employment and investment development institution that will establish manufacturing and agribusiness enterprises in the Mahaweli resettlement area. of extreme interest and tremendous potential is the Agency's effort to establish co-ventures between privately owned business entities in the United States and small and medium sized businesses overseas. field trials to test approaches to promoting co-ventur ing are taking place in Turkey, Tunisia, Yemen, Thailand, and Costa Rica. D. Animals and Aquatics ($ 6.4 Million PY 87; $ 7.1 million FY 88) Within the biologically diverse developing world, management of biological diversity has focused largely on species with known economic value, i.e. timber, fruit trees, certain marine fish, manuals, and birds. As concerns animals, the two most limiting factors of production are disease and nutrition. Differences in ecological zones and variations in animal management systems further reduce production capability to satisfy demand for animal protein and products. 29 1250 1251 290 300 255 OOS 0042 ככו,2 2.600 255 301 2.703 2.109 2.4 20 ZTS 50 5.050 265 2,599 339 2.99 2.196 3.035 2013 23 In A.I.D.-assisted countries, small ruminant production is given particular attention because statistics indicate that 96% of the world population of goats are in developing countries, Six years ago a select group of Title XII universities, in collaboration with selected field missions, undertook the implementation of a small ruminants project -- Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP), Progress is measurable and accomplishments are impressive. A new vaccine for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was developed in Kenya. Estimates are that there exists at least 48 million goats susceptible to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in West Africa and Asia. The vaccine when in full use will result in increased income especially among the poor. In Kenya a technique for the eradication of caprine arthritis-encephalitis was developed. This development is worth approximately $20 million to goat producers worldwide. Dual-purpose goats on Kenyan farms are generating an additional $52 in income per hectare. Upgrading the criollo sheep, indigenous to Peru, is expected to increase the production of carcass meat by 8,000 metric tons and wool by 20 million kilograms per year. In Peru also the CRSP entity fou ways to increase alpaca fiber yields from 6 pounds per animal up to 17 pounds per animal. The increase in fiber yield resulted in increase in income of approximately $40 to $50 per animal. A technique improvised by the implementing CRSP entity to eliminate white muscle disease among lambs in Morocco will save at least one million head of lambs per year. The estimated value in dollars has yet to be determined. Fish are an increasingly important source of foreign exchange earnings. Moreover, fish as a source of animal protein are very important particularly to people in coastal developing countries. The centrally managed 103 Account is used in part to identify ways to increase the availability of fish for Lor domestic consumption and marketing. In the short-term the Agency expects to determine economical ways to increase aquacultural production through reproductive studies; establish an integrated management strategy for protecting natural fisheries areas; and underwrite research in hydroacoustic techniques for fish stock assessment. Successful outcome of these research activities will benefit populations particularly in Asia and the South Pacific. : 548 1.224 645 -DOO .00 1.000 2. 220 2.600 2.600 310 60J 1.947 .775215. 13,316 1.695 2.42 2.000 no 31 --- 12303 Stens és 1. -1:25" . C 75 79 32 28 is . > 5 . Jeau FOH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOG Price UP ASRICULTURE "IMPORTISTER SEVELOPMENT CENTER 1. CULTURAL PLANNING AND 76 FISHERSES-AQUACULTURE Teena CNNOLOGY LIMITING 610 ASST. PACTORS -FIXATION - SYMBIOTIC TROPICAL LESUMES SPRING X WINTER WHEAT SOIL KANIGENENT SUPPORT 931-0621 931-1229 CRSP: SORGHUN/MILLET 4 CRSP: BEANS AND COMPEAS PADA 19 CRSP-PROSRAN: SOILS MANAGEMENT WACULTURE TECHNOLOGY STORAGE ANG PROCS56 OF FRUITS 931-1316 DEVELOPMENT 931-1323 AND VESS 30 1 num vonans 937-02.2.. 9910-TECH FI90-156 TAXES 7521-186 T18i-tro 1251 SUMMARY JP ACTIVE 4O PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) tors - ASRICULTURE. RURAL CENTRALLY FUNDED AND NUTITION DEV. PROGRAM: CP 6.-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY 0 FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG ONLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTO -INROUGH PYAS- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL OBLIG- ATIONS FY8.- EXPEN- DITURES -ESTIMATY97- OLIS- eru EN- ATIONS OITURIS -PROPOSE Y- OLIS- XN- ATIONS OITUROS BUREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3.660 3.969 6.000 3.450 48,700 4.000 45.700 75 C --- --- 5.010 6.945 365 77 C 240 240 270 240 107 190 2,137 76 C 2 50 253 250 253 548 320 4,600 5,250 95 3 11.200 7.000 --- 1 --- ... 1.224 650 7,505 8.090 75 93 3.730 11.30 300 300 300 275 600 76 88 G 5,112 5.075 660 663 753 615 1.167 1.000 5,967 5.192 79 C 22,487 G 79 * 2.600 2.600 2.930 5,035 2,695 2.000 13, 316 16.700 30 10.450 7.893 255 255 265 260 409 2.976 2.542 310 3 78 C 300 301 235 353 2,000 400 93 2.265 OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE 931-0054 0 INTL FERTILIZER DEVELOPNENT CENTER 931-0060 0 AGRICULTURAL PLANNING AND SUPPORT 1,947 931-0242 FISHERIES-AQUACULTURE TECH. AS51. 931-0610 BIO-TECHNOLOGY LIRITING FACTORS j 931-0613 Y-FIXATION - SYMBIOTIC TROPICAL LEGUMES 3,583 3,665 931-0021 SPRING X WINTER WHEAT 931-1229 SOIL MANAGEMENT SUPORT SERVICE 2.703 2.700 1,050 2.136 3,323 2.220 18,150 931-1254 CRSP: SORGHUN/KILLET 931-1310 CRSP: BEANS AND COMPEAS ככ2,1 2.133 2,39 2.013 3.092 2.000 931-1311 G 31 CRSP-PROGRAN: SOILS MANAGEMENT 931-1314 AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 931-1323 033 STORAGE AND PROC SSG OF FRUITS AND VESS 5.610 5,415 31 1252 1253 SUNSART OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP OCLLARS) PAGE 2 02/93127 Co 58-02 CENTRALLY FUNDI - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION PROGRAN: • LFT OF FT OF LOP | INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G OBLIS 33LIG AUTNO -ACTUAL FY96- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGM FY8S- OBLIG• 5XEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINAT!, FY9?- OOLIS EXPEN ATIONS bitues PROJECT NO. AND TITLE -PROPOS99 FYUR OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TUR!S 3,230 2.900 2.900 1.930 3,789 25.929 21.110 2.530 с 513 510 250 700 271 1.300 931-1326 76 CRSP-PROZRAN1 SNALL RUSINANTS 935-4021 : 91 TECNNOL OXY OP SOIL MOISTUR! MANAGEMENT 1.735 с 923 920 973 2.126 1.079 3,250 1.040 32 C 935-4023 RSP - PINO OYNAICS : 255 255 245 255 300 251 735 835 935-4024 3 32 FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT SERVICES 1.700 1.709 1.991 3,379 2,430 1.251 1.690 4,379 37 s C 935-4046 CRSP - PEANUTS 1.030 1.030 3 90 050 1.090 400 1,950 3.590 93 $35-4054 5 52 INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARK SITES NET ORK 9,930 9.30 259 262 250 263 355 300 SBO SSO 83 95 736-4083 1.670 1.430 10ST RESISTANCE INTEGRATIO TICK CONT. 340 949 940 860 1,265 2.995 2,995 935-4084 ; 23 93 AGRICULTURAL POLICY ANALYSIS 7.370 9.200 --- 296 73 300 1.773 720 3,017 5.042 32 87 : 935-4099 FARNING SISTEMS SUPPORT 6062 9,953 1.430 1.430 1.200 2.969 1.010 1.764 935 6.132 31 C * 935-4109 G AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY RES DEVELOPAE) 1.530 1.90 1,533 1.750 2.908 3.223 3,265 2.94% 58 C 936-4111 3 INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS --- --- --- --- --- 1.624 1.455 16 35 36-4120 POST MARVEST RODENT AND BIRD CONTROL 1.624 12.305 1.900 922 2.547 7.946 10.230 2025 s 37 52 936-4127 MATER NGT SYNTHESIS II 12.915 22.035 כ60 500 S50 1.194 55 75 ; 95 890 99 936-4132 SOVIEAN UTILI24710 RESEARCH TION AND 5.950 5.950 32 don octor 31. -N VAL 5.O To 5.620 OOO --- 800 100 590 --- 307 1.200 1.200 --- 410 1.200 1.200 305 1.200 --- 1 SO --- CONSTRAINT ...ACH OreCHNOLOGY Tissue cucine 2. 5.000 35-4165 NO ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 2.0 OR INP SEED 90 PRODYUTILIZATION IN LDCS 935-416 G 35 9 POSTKARVEST GRAIN SYSTEMS RSD 5. SOO 5.243 931-4166 95 C CRS: IZSNERIES/STOCK ASSESSMENT RSCM 935-4162 99 sus 769 768 TECHNOLOGY TRANS FEEDBACK SYS 1.399 IN AGRIC 938-6161 G 4.890 1.250 REPRODUCTIVE STUDIES ON 1.250 SILKFISK 935-4173 G 96 99 VERTEBRATE PEST TANASEMENT SYSTEMS 9.610 935-4177 INPROVED BNF THRU BIO-TECHNOLOGY 9.000 935-4178 IMPROVED ANIMAL VACCINE THRU 970 910-TECH. 22.000 935-4179 IRRIGATION NGT SUPPORT ANO RESEARCH 730 129 733 --- 753 this 200 20 --- --- --- 350 --- --- 25 37 --- 55 370 --- --- --- --- 33 credator TY of time contention centers in nominator Documber 1 on the head on por protect again for December 9,"out on napsed one 1253 / OZ/0377 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OF DOLLARS CP $8-02 AND NUTRITION - AGRICULTURE RURAL DE. -POP959 "YRS OLI:- €YN- 47: ONS DITURIS CENTRALLY FUNDED -ESTIMATE FY87- OLI: SPIN- &TIONS DITURIS PRISRAN -ACTUAL FY 36- OSLI EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS OITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHD L PY OF SY OF 1 INITIAL INAL OELI: JOLIG 500 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 990 550 26 725 753 900 35 900 5.200 6.200 $ 35 933 500 $16 2.186 527 520 C 702 475 417 --- 950 89 255 6.000 5.800 239 G 5 IPK AND ENVIRONNENT PROTECTION --- --- 303 150 560 35 --- ספט,• 26 ܐܘ 3.420 425 626 518 370 295 --- --- 600 500 99 5.500 3.243 703 G 95 POSTMARVEST GRAIN SYSTENS R3 742 895 100 520 800 95 C --- --- 51 --- 307 --- 610 763 93 763 1.399 TECHNOLOGY TRANS FEEDBACK 575 IN AGRIC 1.200 1.250 1.200 1,200 1,200 305 1.250 38 3 34 4,850 1.250 --- 61 --- 150 129 340 --- --- 96 93 2, 445 2.445 733 790 753 . 25 200 --- --- 95 95 9,630 9.690 480 270 350 32 370 --- --- 96 9.000 970 65 36 IMPROVED ANIMAL VACCINE TMRU S10-TECH --- - --- --- --- --- 83 97 20,000 935-4136 SPECIAL CONSTRAINT RESEARCH 936-4137 . 310TECHNOLOGY TISSUE CULTUR 936-4142 938-4143 . 2.D OF INP SEED PROD / UTILIZATION IN LOCS 935-4144 935-6146 CRSP: FISHERIES/STOCK ASSESSMENT RSC 936-4168 936-4161 REPRODUCTIVE STUDIES ON ILKFISH 935-4173 G VERTEBRATE PEST MANAGE*EVT SYSTEMS 935-4177 INPROVED BNF THRU 310-TECHNOLOGY 935-4178 935-4179 IRRIGATION MGT SUPPORT AND RESEARCH 33 "Ratons to the planned projecte Clevel of effort activity FY al final blotion son - A pochi ha come with minii chiption des bolon December 31, 1960er bred on the thorados For practathmini obligation meteor Gacordo 31. 1988 PV of instabiliosion is dan pende 1254 1255 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TMOUS ANOS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/87 CENTRALLI FUNDET - ASRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION CP 83-02 L FY OP MY OP LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G OBLIG OBLIG AUTHO -THROUGM FYGS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY6- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATIO FY97- JOLIG €XEN ATIONS D:TURES -PROPOSIO 788- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 208.891 171.018 37,025 40,234 29.951 36.176 31.000 31.693 142.536 130, 417 GRANTS 238,891 171.016 37,025 40,234 29.951 36. 176 31.009 31.593 142.536 130,17 LOANS DOO --- --- 75 7.636 4.361 5.430 3,193 3.374 907 2.000 22.000 13.965 76 37 2.382 2.216 70 165 ... 70 --- --- 3 NUTRITION: IRON DEFICIENCY PRG SUPPORT 6.600 2.93 4.471 3,692 1.026 300 1.306 850 900 931-0262 NUTRITION: SCIENTIFICITEMIPEN • SUPPORT 9.391 9,130 500 353 550 500 S50 500 NUTRITION AND FO) TECHNICAL SERVICES 3 ܪܐ 88 6.53 2.879 --- 1.223 --- 494 --- 6,536 5.750 --- 77 37 6.433 3.584 --- 600 1 SO 249 ... 1 50 4.533 335 7 91 2,195 1.970 619 233 --- 385 503 300 3 NUTRITION: DUCATION FIELD SUPPORT 14,361 2.091 77 C 3,370 2.872 612 619 --- 305 5 UT:CONSUMPTION ANALY OP AG OL. 30 25 1.05 1.095 88 1.193 3,400 . .. NUTRITIONSUBSIDIZED FOOD CONSUMPTION 56 of fines con coton - A problem within Forhandler, hon at totoro Dec 1.100 wend on the whole 1-1 30. FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATION-NALNUT ITION CASP 35-5110 CONSUMPTN ANALYSIS 8.699 90.026 $ 3.270 8. SSS POR PROGRA 30.02 --- --- 450 GRANTS --- --- LOANS 650 --- --- 450 2.000 87 ܘܘܘܚܐ --- ROGRAR SO 430 CNILO SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRA SUPPORT --- 4 50 2.000 2.000 TOTAL FOR PRIORA --- 2.000 2.000 --- GRANTS --- 1.150 100 LOANS --- 175 SO 100 1.200 --- 209 1.951 1.951 100 --- 250 6 73 9) CONNUNICATION FOR CHILD G 952 COMMUNICATION FOR TECH TRANSFER IN AGR. PROGRAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE OFPICE OF NUTRITION 931-0045 NUTRITION: VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY PRG SPPT 931-0227 931-0831 31-1010 NUTRITION: IMPRV JF MATERNAL/INFANT DIET 931-1064 NUTRITION: SURVEYS AND SURVEILLANCE 931-1065 931-1171 931-1275 'Notes to the planned remory Colletter PROJECO: ANO TITLE OP 4G POLICIES TOTAL OrrICE OF WEALTN 935-5951 OFFICE OF EDUCATION 931-1018 SURVIVAL 935-5826 1.250 5.795 35 Pront Auto white 1255 PAGE 02103/27 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP-02 - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION -PROPOSE 79%- OLI EXPEN- ATIONS ITUROS - ESTIMATED FY87- LIS 4TIONS DI TUPS -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -THROUGM FYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES • LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG 09LIG LOP PLANNO AUTHO 1.750 450 2.189 1.242 7.850 10,285 87 700 430 11.977 11.300 --- C * 3, 507 2.401 9,606 8.855 50.024 63,270 45,474 3.57 2.491 3.596 8.955 39,649 --- $0.024 ... 63,270 45,474 --- --- --- --- ... --- --- 450 --- 450 --- --- 37 2,000 2.300 6 SC 50 --- --- 2.000 2.000 450 ASO GRANTS 2.000 2.000 LOANS --- --- --- --- --- 1.150 1.200 SO 78 9) 1.951 1.951 175 100 100 --- 100 20) --- 250 95 92 1.250 5.795 35 CENTRALLY FUNDED PROGRAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 931-1309 G81 FUNCTIONAL INPLICATION-NALNUTR ITION CRSP 935-5110 0 $7 CONSUMPTN ANALYSIS OF FOOD ! AG POLICIES TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS OFFICE OP HEALTH 935-5951 2 B5 CHILD SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRAN SUPPORT TOTAL FOR PROGRA OFFICE OF EDUCATION 931-1018 COMMUNICATION FOR CMILO SURVIVAL 935-5826 COMMUNICATION FO? TECH TRANSFER IN AGR. the authored dese Gradon Fan-Articolo ich in die bieter December 31 31, 1903 Yonel on huon 1257 PROGRAN: SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANOS OP DOLLARS) 9 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CENTRALLY FUNDED • AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION PAG 02/03/17 10A 1 • LFY O FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL GOBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNID AUTMD -THROUGH PYSS- - Nidx -91160 CP 88-02 ATIONS DITURES - ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -9116C - ESTIMAT!D FY37- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- -NieX3 - 31160 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM ATIOS DITURES 3.201 1.746 1.45r CS 100 1.350 --- 100 GRANTS 175 100 3.201 7.746 1.450 50 100 1.350 ככו -- 175 --- 100 --- --- --- 89 1.675 1,475 --- S06 CS 239 595 77 C 2 MIELD SERVICES AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 6.397 5.827 594 545 3 537 ... --- 9 86 78 TUNAN SETTLEMENTS AND NAT RES SYS ANALY 6.774 6.774 665 3,625 85 973 400 739 493 579 3 77 4.515 3,615 3.587 2,287 --- 209 סכי ; 33 MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY ACCESS 1256 33 --- 2.375 2.375 1.350 000 538 465 135 165 0 92 36 309 650 2.600 2.600 1.200 545 OC SOO 555 9 79 89 6.150 6.150 3.606 694 897 530 730 530 700 Locat' REVENUE SENERATION 79 87 ADMINISTRATIO 3.635 3.635 2.735 2.635 100 124 ככו 100 --- 76 SMALL PARNER MARKETIN: ACCESS 37 2..20 2.620 1. 436 1.450 access SCHON ENTREPRENEURSHIP 30 36 310 --- G 33 OSS S8 420 775 OSO 639 &S 9C ANO TITL. 19 SIE-OF 29 721 SOO SOO 0 00 EKP. APPROACHES TO RUSAL SAVINGS ..-5317 PERPORMANCE MANAGEMENT 36-5626 EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE POLICY ANALYSI SO O. OS1 3.000 3.500 Oco. 3.000 2.277 3.102 13.32 7.427 33 22.000 22.000 OCS OSS 20 15 OOS 9. SO FOR redan $.100 6.100 270 26 5.000 87 DECENTRALIZATION, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT 29) 25 CSZ 560 2.300 2.800 --- --- OSL OSI 250 407 ZOS OSZ 272 se 02 O57 1.295 936-5826 CONN FOR TECHNOL ISY IN AGRIC TRANSFER LS. 7.370 11.977 7.650 8.587 43.851 30.36 POR PROGRAM 76.314 939 TOTAL 7.37 7.63 11.77 8.5.7 43.651 30.936 "? GRANTS LOANS 5.191 00. 1.049 791 1.500 1.06 04 6.210 26 25.622 8.715 9 CI LOANS RURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT . 931-1090 3 78 SNALL ENTERPRISE APPROCNIS Tɔ ENPLOYMENT 931-1096 931-1135 31-1190 POOD SECURITY IN AFRICA 935-4053 936-4127 WATER NGT SYNTHESIS II 936-5301 RSC NON ACCESS TO AND WATER/NATURAL RES 935-5303 931-9313 936-5314 AND DEVELOPN 3 936-525 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL II 936-5636 DEVEL. STRATEGIES LANOS 936-5646 . 3 AVD 936-3547 FORESTRY PUEL WOOD RES. DEVEL. ENERGY OFFICE OF 936-570 BIOENERGY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL OY ... --- C. G 5.500 SIUS-956 SNALL DECENTRALIZED YDROPOWER (PVO) 37 PAD 1257 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) baross AGRICULTURE, RURAL Dev. AND NUTRITION CP 39-02 FY OF FY OP 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLI OBLIG LOP PLAYN AUTMD -THROUGH FY85- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMAT! PY87- JBLIC EXPIN- ATIONS DITues -ACTUAL PY36- OBLI- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSEO V OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 426 430 510 955 700 1.855 1.150 32 88 3.195 3.000 721 900 613 .13 323 622 1.446 92 89 3,500 3.500 335 400 285 171 171 405 86 1.750 1.250 13.329 3 33 33 22.000 22.000 530 530 540 SOO 15 --- --- 420 95 3 96 DEVEL. STRATEGIES FOR FRASILE LANOS 5.100 6.105 450 430 270 ... --- ... --- --- 5.000 92 G 87 DECENTRALIZATION: FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT 250 250 25 255 --- ..- 560 340 35 94 2.300 2.800 150 150 250 250 407 235 --- 272 92 957 7.295 9.347 7.659 11.277 8.537 9,431 7,370 30,936 43,851 75,314 75,939 7,65 0,947 11,377 7.370 9,481 8,597 30.936 43.851 GRANTS 76.314 75,939 --- . -O LOANS 1.053 06 1,500 731 5.191 800 1,063 6.210 G 79 92 25.622 8.713 --- --- 3.946 --- ... 30 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 936-5315 3 EXP. APPROACHES TO RURAL SAVINGS 936-5317 PERFORMANCE MANAGENENT 936-5426 3 EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE POLICY ANALYSI 4.000 3.000 3.500 3.000 3,502 2.277 7,627 935-5428 APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL II 936-5438 935-5446 936-5567 3 FORESTRY FUEL WOOD RES. AND DEVEL. 935-5826 ; 35 COMM FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN AGRIC TOTAL FOR PROGRAM OFFICE OF ENERGY 936-5709 BIOENERGY SYSTEMS ANO TECHNOLO:7 9.500 935-5715 SMALL DECENTRALIZED 11 DROPOWER (PVO) heter the pred od 37 Curl of honey FYction com- All the show with thion des teton December 31, 1966 bed on the other and dese Pension du Dember 31, 1903 the FYnaloon lo bodom med data 1259 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/87 CP 88-02 CENTRALLY SUNDID • AGRICULTURE RURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION . L PY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G OBLIO JLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGN FY 95- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN: ATIONS OITURES PROPOSED *YO:- OBLI: EX EN ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 705 535 1,105 1.175 6 92 97 12.000 600 535 635 550 1.200 500 --- מכס,11 376 1.074 93 35 3. 200 --- 1.239 ככ0 1.400 650 --- --- 37 3 13.000 92 2.409 4.000 2.891 3.721 6,129 11,730 9,135 1.300 65.068 22. 310 4,129 3,721 2.391 6.000 1.300 2.403 GRANTS 11.710 9,135 66068 22.810 --- DOO --- --- --- LOANS -- --- OPPICE OR FORESTRY AND ENVR NAT RES 250 253 335 167 12 75 599 32 1.500 550 1258 746 746 00 52! 325 425 1.706 393 39 COASTAL RESOURCES MANAGE ENT 3.000 2.300 1.057 1,017 1.107 1.435 2.000 602 6,097 6.702 30 33.000 19.800 1.579 1.663 2.500 1,385 25 2.354 600 כני --- 203 15 --- 250 --- 35 5.300 250 4,342 6.697 4.770 5.110 4.300 3,779 10,730 3,173 76.800 58.600 3.77 6,342 4.33 5.110 6,697 6,770 3.173 10.730 GRANTS 76.800 56.600 --- COO -CO --- --- LOANS 163 79. 333 2:1} 3. 203 5.310 5.900 20.000 20.000 5.310 90 9.90 6.S. 4.000 4.000 5.328 6. 412 91 31.247 97 33.950 6.595 5.328 26.133 26,133 31,247 1.000 38.950 1.25 1.000 1.002 --- GRANTS 571 LOANS 1.66 360 2.480 --- --- --- 5.051 --- 1.066 72 C --- 265 G --- 1.415 1.415 300 37 --- przech 700 1.765 3.300 G 55 99 PROGRAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 936-5728 ENERGY POLICY DEV AND CONSERVATION 935-5730 RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATION/TRAINING 935-5736 ENERGY TRAINING TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 936-5517 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 936-5518 935-5519 3 FOREST RESOURCES MANAGENINT 85 94 1.742 935-5547 POR ESTRY FUEL WOOD RES. AND DEVEL. 30.000 30.000 35-5550 6 BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION IN DEVELOPMENT TOTAL FOR PROGRA ' mon 38 werden Alcotton to 31.10dohorte don Notenboom JACTO: PROMOVAL orror SHARCM ANO 31-12.3 TITLE XII STRENGTHENING 933-3032 PROJECT 935-5053 -SCU RESEARCH GRANTS 936-S0SS TECHNICAL ADVISORY SUPPORT SERVICES 936-5058 JOINT MOUS-AGRICULTUR 2 936-5060 NATCHING SUPPORT SRANTS TOTAL POR PROGRAM PROGRAM OFFICE 935-1406 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 936-1421 AID/ PEACE CORPS SMALL ASST 936-5054 INFORMATION TRANSFER 39 1259 02/03/57 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 8-02 - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION -PROPOSED FY98- OSLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- SLIS EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY80- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -THROUGM FY35- JBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 4.393 1.794 139 120 164 --- 173 --- 720 99 G 96 C 427 כ32 799 PROJECT REVIEW 163 1,835 81 576 518 3 с 238 533 1BCU RESEARCH GRANTS 795 SEARCH 163 --- 76 95 2.133 2.133 2.323 2.561 . TECMNICAL ADVISOR SUPPORT SERVICES 2.323 .630 616 3.208 --- 86 99 351 390 20.000 20.000 333 390 --- --- --- 4,000 4,000 37 91 5,909 5,310 5.894 6912 6.593 31,247 5.328 38.950 5,310 26,133 25,133 9930 6,812 5.894 6,593 5.328 31,247 38.950 --- GRANTS 26.133 26.133 --- --- LOANS 1.253 1.000 1.000 571 1.002 3.031 2.480 --- --- 340 --- --- 360 --- --- 37 1, 415 1,615 --- --- 265 1.066 300 --- 790 6 35 99 1.765 3.300 CENTRALLY FUNDED PROGRAM: LOP PLANN! AUTHD L FY OF CY OF INITIAL FINAL OBLIG JBLIS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 1.179 1.050 1.178 1.53 10. 349 30,428 OFICE OF RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY RELATIO 931-1282 6 79 TITLE XII STRENGTHENING SRANTS 935-5052 935-5053 936-5055 936-5058 JOINT NOUS AGRICULTUR 2 6 936-5060 NATCHING SUPPORT GRANTS TOTAL FOR PROGRAM PROGRAM OFFICE 72 C 6 935-1406 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 936-1421 35 AID/PEACE CORPS SMALL PROJECT ASST 936-5054 INFORMATION TRANSFER 39 thor and des On 00. 1261 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 10 02/03/97 CP 83-02 CENTRALLY FUNDED • AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG JBLIG LOP PLANN! AUTMO TMR JUGM FY95. 39LIG• SYDEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -ESTINATED FY87- DILI- EXPEN- ATIONS VITUPES - PROPOSE FY89- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.000 2.480 2.09 1,273 1,257 1,200 2.405 3.751 TOTAL FOR PROGRA 3.130 6,715 1.267 2,606 1. 209 1.000 2.609 1.270 3.751 2,480 GRANTS 3.180 6.715 --- .. LOANS 60. 910 291, 212 69,024 74,459 57,732 53.643 369,377 74.103 TOTAL FOR SUREAU 457.502 373,334 57.732 60.910 76,453 53,543 359,377 GRANTS 291.212 59.524 76,103 457.502 373.336 --- --- --- --- O. --- --- LOANS BJR FOR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST FOOD FOR PEACE 1260 --- --- --- 13,747 736 --- 1.568 3 904-0006 TITLE II OUTREACH --- --- 311 400 362 300 37 2.217 90 1,905 C 20753 938-0700 FOOD FOR PEACE PROGRAM MINT 2.400 1,500 2.000 30S --- 2.500 343 > 35 1.821 37 933-0701 TITLE II ENMANCEMENT 10.121 5.600 57 --- 350 300 353 1.21 459 95 83 933-0702 AFR FOOD NE&OS ASSESSMENT 9.000 6.500 --- --- OOO 2.774 931 6,072 2,655 6.029 3 95 933-0703 TITLE II OUTREACH 3.729 3.728 ... 3.133 1.000 6.00 1.200 57 C 15.000 939-0704 TITLE II OUTREACH --- ... --- . --- --- --- 2.795 1.000 36 35 938-0736 LINKING DAIRY PRODUCTS WITH DEVELOPMENT 2.78 5 2.735 40 Chon CD, od cene. -A 31, PY ...? -488 10.0.1 TOTAL GRANTS 10.011 21.340 LOANS 28.926 10.011 21.540 UREAU 25.928 700 TOTAL PO ers GRANTS ככ 07 LOANS 175 307 PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 888 150 1.716 500 239 2.46 20 500 1.400 8 JR. POR 30 C 753 1.90 401 933-0022 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 1,576 293 1.52 3.020 170 C 1.676 930-0085 87 INTEGRATED STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 3.625 220 1,346 235 770 220 1.231 1.000 931-0100 90 ID STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 1.337 255 1.000 76 C 1.119 40.000 1.400 1.225 40.0 930-0232 INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPNENT --- 40.000 60.000 47.338 G SERUMORMATION AND RELATED 46.24 332,743 930-0266 85C 363.018 ។ SERVICES 53 C 930-0600 PEACE CORPS 41 935-4111 2 INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS lo - Alcohol 1261 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 0270377 CP .-02 CENTRALLY FUNDED - AGRICULTURE RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION L FY OPFY OF | INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTH -THROUGH FY 95- OBLIG- EXPEN- UTIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86 OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYS- OBLIS- ex"EN- ATIONS DITURES 4.472 7.474 6.150 6.15 10.011 5.550 21.540 23.928 49,397 21.613 7.474 5.650 6.150 6.15 4.472 10.011 23.928 21.540 GRANTS 48,397 21.613 OO -- SO --- LOANS 7,474 6,150 5.550 6,150 10.011 21.540 4,472 28.928 43.387 21.613 7,474 6.150 5.650 6,150 4,472 10.011 21,560 23.923 --- --- GRANTS 43.397 21,613 --- --- --- --- LOANS BUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 875 700 920 907 545 883 2.449 1,716 30 C 307 175 150 .. 233 --- --- 87 C INTEGRATED STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 500 809 500 753 401 293 3,625 3,020 C 3 30 ID STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 1,400 1.502 1,576 1.592 1,674 1.346 1,231 770 76 C 220 170 235 220 1.225 1.119 255 :: 1,337 1.000 1,000 --- --- 1.400 85 C מכס,40 40.000 47,333 40.350 40,000 343,018 46,269 332,743 PROGRAM: . PROJECT NO. AND TITLE TOTAL FOR PROGRAM TOTAL FOR BUREAU 933-0022 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 930-0085 933-0100 930-0232 G INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPMENT 930-0264 3 AG INFORMATION AND RELATED SERVICES 930-0600 PEACE CORPS 935-4111 3 INT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS 'noten to the power to 41 Cure dolor Yo solon Alphion touwlon December 31, 100notherhood ou. Per pod when the core 31,100 the FYRealtion 1262 1263 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 12 02/03/87 CP 83-02 CENTRALLY PUNDED • AGRICULTURE, TURAL DEV, AND NUTRITION L FY OF FY OR | INITIAL FINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY8S. OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED Y58- OSLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY87- OSLIG- EXPENO ATIONS DITURES 45.107 $4.361 43.139 49,955 66,045 351,538 339,373 69,031 49,958 49,031 65.107 339,373 44.361 46,945 45,139 351.558 ... --- O. OD. 20. 49,959 45,138 351,538 339,373 49.031 45.107 46,361 44.045 49,953 65.107 351.538 339,373 49,031 44,351 45.13 46.045 --- --- O. 747,343 109,021 110.335 652.125 123,533 136.900 128.066 126,293 S05,339 395,447 109,021 110. SOS 134,900 652,125 123,538 126,23 128.066 749,943 505.839 395,467 --- ... 42 oc 23 -- AG SA OS SS. ocel SAMO AN DE See ee LE2 More I provide .tatt ta upport of CANLI OD ofreceive CEIREIPAS Protect Decerpt for Through field-Wupport setton Technology eranoter and traintos. Ehe project will -Assist LDC to the development of more effective Irrigation and water resource management Program -Lapcove the capability of LDC laetitutions to develop sod carry out effective irrigation expansion and improvement prograas; -Promote a more systematic and faterdisciplinary approach to better water management, includtag the greater involvement of water users and a stronger focus on overall ayatea performance; Beneficiaries The Lemediate and direct beneficiario. 1 the LDC policy-makere, scientiste, and technielano responsible for irrigation sad water management developmoat and 1mprovement ultimately LDC small-scale Irrigation proscco Albanelle Major Qusputes ALL Year Technical Assistance (person months) 400 Action research and applied fleld studies 90 In-country short-course training (parione trataed) 350 Workabope and other technology-transfer activities 15 Manuals, reports, and other infomation document. 40 A.I.D. Financial Laputa: te of Project (2000) ADALYA dos MDTS -In con function with selected national, regional and international organizations, carry out a program of applied irriga ted/water management research, lacluding development of appropriate network, for information exchange and cooperation. While global in scope, the project will focus on Africa, with LatIs America receiving secondary priority. Efforts to Asia and the Near Enst will be developed and implemented la cooperation with the ANE Bureau's Irrigation Support Project (398-0289) for Asia and the Near East (ISPAN). Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Strategy: By asafeting developing countries improve the productive performance of their agriculture sectors through better water management, the project will strengthes A.I.D.'s efforts to resolve two strategic developæent problees, as set forth in the Agency', 12,000 5,500 500 3,000 20,000 Personnel Travel and per dies Equipment and Supplies Trafoing TOTAL Principal Contractors or Agencies To be determined Unliquidated U.S. FINANCING (In thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Estimated Total Cort 20,000 Future Year Ooligotions 19,400 43 600 PRIGRAN: PROJECT NO. IND TITLE TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS TOTAL FOR SUZEAU GRANTS LOANS TOTAL FIR ACCOUNT GRANTS LOANS on the Geroon VaRA al To prove 2 ZIP COMntre Through September 30, Estimared Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Proposed Fiscal Year AID 3707 (11-85) 1263 CENTRALLY FUNDED PLANNED PROGR. MARY SHEET Title Funding AG, RO &N Health Source PROPOSED OBLIGATION Irrigation Management Support and Ila thoofdoer Research 600 FY 88 Life of Project Funding 600 20,000 Number 936-4179 S NEW Population ED. & HR Sel. Act. Initial Obligation Estimated First Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 3 GRANT LOAN O CONTINUING FY 88 FY 97 FY 98 Purpose: To improve the capability of less developed Bluepriat for Developmeat-namely, tunger and economie countries (LDCs) to develop and carry out efficient and growth, Lacluding greater agricultural output, increased effective irrigation/water management programs. eaployment Opportunities, and higher incomes for farmers. ALI Lour pillars of A.I.D.'s strategy tor development assistance Project Description: Through field-support, action research, will be utilized--technology development and transfer, technology transfer and tralaing, the project will: Institutional development, policy reform and the private sector, -Assist LDCs in the developaent of more effective Irrigation and water resource management prograas; Host Country and Other Doaors: Host country and other donors will provide facilities, research scientists and other support -Iaprove the capability of LDC institutions to develop and staff is support of prograsa la irrigation and water resource carry out effective irrigation expansion and improvement managemeat. programs; Beneficiartes: The famed late and direct beneficiaries will be -Promote a more systesatic and inter-disciplinary approach to the LDC policy-makers, scteatists, and technicians responsible better water sanagement, including the greater lavolvement of for irrigation and water management development and vater users and a stronger focus on overall system performance; Improvement. LOC small-scale Irrigation programs will benefit ultimately. - In conjunction with selected national, regional and international organizations, carry out a prograa of applied Ma for Outputs: All Years Irrigated/water aanagemeat research, lacluding development of a ppropriate betworks for information exchange and cooperatior. Technical Assistance (persoa aonths) 400 Action research and applied field studies 90 Wittle global la scope, the project will focus on Africa, with In-country short-course training (persona traiaed) 350 Ef forts la Asia Latin America receiving secondary priority. Workshops and other technology-transfer activities 15 40 Manuals, reports, and other information documeats and the Near East will be developed and implemented in cooperation with the ANE Bureau's Irrigation Support Project (398-0289) for Asia and the Near East (ISPAN). A.1.D. Financial Loputs: Life of Project (5000) Relationship of Project to A. I.D. Strategy: By assisting developing countries leprove the productive performance of Personnel 12,000 their agriculture sectors through better water management, the Travel and per diem 5,500 project will streagthea A.I.D.'s efforts to resolve two Equipment and Supplies 500 strategic developtent probleas, as set forth 1o the Agency's Training 2,000 TOTAL 20,000 Principal Contractors or Agencies U.S. FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditures Unliquidated To be determined Through September 30, Estimated Fiscal Year Estimated Through September 30, Future Year Obligations 19,400 Estimated Total Cort 20,000 603 43 Proposed Fiscal Year 1988 AID 370-7 (11-85) 1264 1265 CENTRALLY PUNDED AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION PROJECTS Office of Agriculture -Jll baculture Technology Development Conducts research a mwides assistance and training on the improvement of fresh- er miltare sanagement systems to increase fish production - ponds and surface waterways in less developed Conducts 02 Storage and processing of fruits and vegetables slicis research and provides assistance and training on the skrise of postharvest losses of roots, tubers, fruits, metables and spices. 03-138 CRS? - Seall Ruminants Collaborative research program 2013 5.5. and less developed country scientists and institutions misreise yields of neat, nilk and fiber from sheep and goats. 184011 fechaology of Soil Moisture Management Conducts research and provides assistance and training on less developed metry soil Boisture problems in order to improve soil and water muredest systeas and increase crop production. - - 3-413 CRSP - Aquaculture Pond Dynamics - Collaborative mearch progran anong 0.s. and less developed country scientists und istitations to increase the production of fish through fish 1 931-0054 International Fertilizer Development Center research and provides technical assistance and training on programmed-release nitrogen and non-conventional phosphates to develop energy efficient fertilizers. 931-0060 Agricultural Planning and Support - Provides technical and scientific advice on food and agricultural policy for project design, evaluations, special studies, country development strategi statements and agricultural sector analyses. 931-0242 Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology Assistance Provides assistance in fishery resource management to increase the harvest from marine and captured fish. 931-0610 Biotechnology - Limiting Factors for BNF Conducts research and provides assistance on the use of nitrogen-capturing crops which do not require expensive fertilizers. 931-0613 Nitrogen-Fixation Symbiotic Tropical Legumes - Conducts research and provides assistance on the use of nitrogen-capturing tropical legumes which do not require expensive fertilizers. 931-0621 Spring and Winter Wheat Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training to increase the production of wheat and barley in less favorable environments. 931-1229 Soils Management Support Services Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training on soil resource management in order to increase agricultural production. 931-1254 CRSP Sorghum/Millet collaborative research progran among u.s. and less developed country scientists and institutions to increase the production and utilization of sorghum and millet in the less developed countries. 931-1310 CRSP Beans and Cowpeas Collaborative research pro- gram among U.S. and less developed country scientists and insti. tutions to increase the production and utilization of beans and cowpeas in the less developed countries. 931-1311 CRSP Soil Management collaborative research progran among u.s. and less developed country scientists and institutions to increase the productivity of tropical soils. 04-4824 fisheries Development Support Services - Provides ai stance and training to increase the quantity, quality and ariety of sarine fish available for human consumption and to increase income and employment of less developed country mall-scale fisher nen. 36-486 CRSP - Peanuts - Collaborative research program anong 1.5, and less developed country scientists and institutions to Acrease the production and utilization of peanuts in the less geveloped countries, - 13-4054 International Benchmark Sites Network Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training in the collection and disseninating of soil/crop/climate information to ass developed countries. - 946-1083 Host Resistance Integrated Tick Control Conducts research to make cattle resistant to tick infestation and eradi- cate last Coast Pever - an acute disease of cattle in East, Central and South Africa, 136-4884 Agricultural Policy Analysis - Provides technical assistance and training to less developed country decision makers to provide a better understanding of key policy issues and constraints affecting agricultural and rural development. 44 45 1265 931-1314 Aquaculture Technology Development Conducts research and provides assistance and training on the improvement of fresh- vater aquaculture management systems to increase fish production in aan-nade ponds and surface waterways in less developed countries. 931-1323 Storage and Processing of fruits and vegetables Conducts research and provides assistance and training on the reduction of postharvest losses of roots, tubers, fruits, vegetables and spices. 931-1328 CRSP - Small Ruminants Collaborative research program toong bus. and less developed country scientists and institutions to increase yields of meat, milk and fiber from sheep and goats. 936-4021 Technology of Soil Moisture Management Conducts research and provides assistances and training on less developed country soil moisture problems in order to improve soil and water nanagement systems and increase crop production. research program among U.S. and less developed country scientists Aquaculture Pond Dynamics - Collaborative and institutions to increase the production of fish through fish 936-4023 CRSP farming. 936-4024 Fisheries Development Support Services - Provides assistance and training to increase the quantity, quality and variety of marine fish available for human consumption and to increase income and employment of less developed country small-scale fishermen. 936-4048 CRSP - Peanuts 0.S. and less developed country scientists and institutions to collaborative research program among increase the production and utilization of peanuts in the less developed countries. 936-4054 International Benchmark Sites Network Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training in the collection and disseminating of soil/crop/climate information to less developed countries. Conducts 936-4083 research to make cattle resistant to tick infestation and eradi- Host Resistance - Integrated Tick Control an acute disease of cattle in East, cate East Coast Fever Central and South Africa. 936-4084 Agricultural Policy Analysis - Provides technical assistance and training to less developed country decision makers to provide a better understanding of key policy issues and constraints affecting agricultural and rural development. 45 1266 1267 3.Paternes Stock AssessRent Research - Collabora- Degrand awong 0.5, and less developed country stitations to develop and refine fishery manage- Toute practices in coastal areas of less developed 936-4099 Farming Systems Support - Provides assistance and training on farming systems research and extension in order to increase the efficiency of small, less developed country farms. 936-4109 Agricultural Technology Research and Development Provides scienETEIC and Technical assistance Ed Tess deveToped countries on crop production, utilization and technology transfer, livestock production, health and management, pest and pesticide management, and germplasm and experimental testing of seeds, plant parts and chizobium species so that less developed country research may be carried out. 936-4111 International Agricultural Research Centers - An inter- national agriculEurar research network to supply scientific and technical methodologies to the less developed countries to expand food production. sa development, Transfer, Feedback Systen -- e provides technical assistance and training menications, education, extension administra- med uformation science, tural sociology and agri- 936-4127 Water Management Synthesis II - Provides technical assistance and training on Titigation systems performance so that less developed countries may more efficiently and economically use their water. stedse Studies on Milkfish - Examines the repro- Exion processes of milkfish in order to spawn ay ago in captivity, collaborative research and carried out with LDC institutions. sezate Pest Management Systems Conducts research, states, and networking to strengthen LDCS' strol and manage vertebrate pests so that * Parrest losses can be reduced. se ? thru Biotechnology - Conducts research, e and networking on the use of biological means in a the soil to increase crop productivity, reduce 18 et inported agricultural inputs and encourage Kegialtoral production systems. decored Animal Vaccines thru Biotechnology - Conducts hvorides technical assistance and training in the et livestock diseases in less developed countries. helfective recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines to 936-4132 International Soybean Utilization and Research Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training on soybean utilization to improve the nutritional status of the rural and urban poor in developing countries. 936-4136 Special Constraint Research - Conducts research on scientific or Technological problems which have been identified as impeding progress in the overall program of the international agriculture research centers, 936-4137 Biotechnology Research for Tissue Culture - Conducts biotechnical and molecular genetic research Ehrough the use of tissue culture to produce better strains of crops. 936-4142 IPM and Environmental Protection Provides assistance to less developed countries in pese and pesticide management. 936-4143 R & D of Improved Seed Production/Utilization Provides technical backstopping to Tess developed countries in research planning for improved public and private seed sector development. 936-4144 Postharvest Grain Systems/R&D Provides technical assistance to developing country INSETEutions in designing, implementing and monitoring adaptive, applied, and problem solving multidisciplinary research programs to improve postharvest grain systems. barition: Vitamin A Deficiency Program Support - ne oping countries to implement programs for the nutritional blindness in children. atsition: Icon Deficiency Program Support - Assists countries to design and implement programs for 23 ton deficiency anemia. Butrition: Scientific, Technical and Planning Support - estost government capability to plan, design, implement, te nutrition activities in order to improve basic . 46 1 47 1 1267 936-4146 CRSP - Fisheries Stock Assessment Research - collabora- tive research progran among 0.s. and less developed country scientists and institutions to develop and refine fishery manage- nent and harvest practices in coastal areas of less developed countries. 936-4148 Technology Development, Transfer, Feedback System Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training in agricultural communications, education, extension administra- tion, library and information science, rural sociology and agri- cultural economics. 936-4161 Reproductive Studies on Milkfish - examines the repro- duction and maturation processes of milkfish in order to spawn and raise this fish in captivity. Collaborative research and training will be carried out with LDC institutions. 936-4173 Vertebrate Pest Management Systems - Conducts research, technology transfer, and networking to strengthen LDCS' capability to control and manage vertebrate pests so that pre- and postharvest losses can be reduced. 936-4177 Improved BNF thru Biotechnology - Conducts research, technical transfer and networking on the use of biological means to fix nitrogen in the soil to increase crop productivity, reduce inefficient use of imported agricultural inputs and encourage sustainable agricultural production systems. 936-4178 Improved Animal Vaccines thru Biotechnology Conducts research and provides technical assistance and training in the development of effective recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines to prevent major livestock diseases in less developed countries. Office of Nutrition 931-0045 Nutrition: Vitamin A Deficiency Program Support Assists developing countries to implement programs for the prevention of nutritional blindness in children. 931-0227 Nutrition: Iron Deficiency Program Support Assists developing countries to design and implement programs for alleviating iron deficiency anemia. 931-0262 Nutrition: Scientific, Technical and Planning Support Strengthens host government capability to plan, design, implement, and evaluate nutrition activities in order to improve basic nutrition. 47 1268 1269 Ex of parel and Institutional Development Ariga Small Enterprise Approaches to Employment Identifies pricies and designs prograns to improve employment opportuni- s predictivity and enterprise viability in the non-farm, small saaris sector. 5-16 field Services and Program Development - Provides short El long teri 1951stance to Tess developed countries for program nestalization, design, management and evaluation in the els et taral development, development administration and material development. 931-0831 Nutrition and Food Technical Services - Utilizes food technology and related disciplines to develop and introduce low-cost, nutritious foods, which will help improve the nutri- tional status of low-income people in the developing countries. 931-1010 Nutrition: Improvement of Maternal and Infant Diet - Assists developing countries in designing, testing and imple- menting programs to promote breastfeeding, improved weaning practices and good diet among pregnant and nursing women. 931-1064 Nutrition: Surveys and Surveillance - Develops appro- priate methodologies in order to assist developing countries design and implement nutrition surveys and nutritional surveillance systems. 931-1065 Nutrition: Education Field Support - Improves the nutritional status of malnourished people in developing countries through more effective nutrition education. 931-1171 Nutrition: Consumption Analysis of Agricultural Policies - Encourages less developed countries to develop national agricultural policy analysis and planning systems that are con- ducive to improved national levels of consumption and nutrition by assisting them to integrate nutrition concerns into agriculture plans, policies and programs, and economic concerns into nutrition programs. 931-1309 Functional Implications of Malnutrition (CRSP) - con- ducts research to determine the effect that various levels of food intake have on basic human functions such as disease resis- tance, reproduction, work performance, cognitive development and social competence. 936-5110 Consumption Analysis of food and Agricultural Policies - Performs studies and provides technical assistance on the design, implementation and evaluation of food and agriculture projects and policies that address nutritional objectives. 0-135 Sunan Settlements and Natural Resource System Analysis nácts research on I natural resource analysis and manage- , 21 new lands settlement, resettlement, and river basin seepheat, 3) the linkages between rural and urban areas, and i developaent in a regional context. 3-1199 Pood Security in Africa - Assists African policy makers 3 develop short and mid-term solutions to food production, supply and consunption problems. 43-4053 Narket and Technology Access Helps non-agricultural is developed country business enterprises increase productivity ad employment by improving their access to new technologies and 53-1.27 Water Management Synthesis II Assists less developed countries increase their capabilities to achieve better alloca- 199, distribution and use of irrigation water in order to nacrease agriculture production and provide higher farming income. Office of Education 931-1018 Communication for Child Survival Develops and tests ways of using integrated communication channels to support widespread adoption of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunization, and other child survival technologies. 936-5826 Communication for Technology Transfer in Agriculture - Develops and tests instructional systems for transferring agri- cultural technology. Systems are based on information exchange among farmers, researchers, extension workers and on the inte- gration of mass media with farmer contact systems. 14-5301 Research on Access to Land, Water and Natural issources - 78813ET Tess developed country governments address Tens of access by the rural poor to land and water resources I providing short-term consulting, applied research, training, and inforpation dissemination. 12-5303 Local Revenue Generation and Administration - Stimu- lates the self-help capab1Titles of Tess developed countries by nalyzing and improving their local and national revenue systems. \X-5313 Small Parner Marketing Access - Studies marketing sys- teas in order to make recommendations on the design, implemen- tation and evaluation of marketing programs that will increase the productivity and income of small farmer families. 48 49 1269 Office of Rural and Institutional Development 931-1090 Small Enterprise Approaches to Employment Identifies approaches and designs programs to improve employment opportuni- ties, productivity and enterprise viability in the non-farm, small enterprise sector. 931-1096 Field Services and Program Development - Provides short and long term ass15Eance Eo Tess developed countries for program conceptualization, design, management and evaluation in the fields of rural development, development administration and institutional development. 931-1135 Human Settlements and Natural Resource System Analysis Conducts research On IT natural resource analysis and manages ment, 2) new lands settlement, resettlement, and river basin development, 3) the linkages between rural and urban areas, and 4) development in a regional context. 931-1190 Food Security in Africa Assists African policy makers to develop Shore and mid-Eerm solutions to food production, supply and consumption problems. 936-4053 Market and Technology Access - Helps non-agricultural less developed counEry business enterprises increase productivity and employment by improving their access to new technologies and markets, 936-4127 Water Management Synthesis II - Assists less developed countries increase their capabiTTETES Eo achieve better alloca- tion, distribution and use of irrigation water in order to increase agriculture production and provide higher farming income. 936-5301 Research on Access to Land, Water and Natural Resources -3815E8 Tess developed counEry governments address problems of access by the rural poor to land and water resources by providing short-term consulting, applied research, training, and information dissemination. 936-5303 Local Revenue Generation and Administration - Stimu- lates the self-help capabTITETES OF Tess deveToped countries by analyzing and improving their local and national revenue systems. 936-5313 Small Farmer Marketing Access - Studies marketing sys- tems in order to make recommenda Etons on the design, implemen- tation and evaluation of marketing programs that will increase the productivity and income of smali farmer families. 49 1271 1270 - ATN Bergy Policy Development and Conservation - Assists as terteloped countries develop institutions, personnel and preses capable of effective energy policy-making; provides stance for the design of specific policies, programs and restents needed to relieve energy problems and to achieve scorests in the efficiency of energy use. 39 kesevable Energy_Applications and Training - Assists risping countries in using their renewable resources (solar, and geothersal) and provides training in the development and ungesest of specific renewable energy systems. 9-14 Bergy Training - Assesses LDC manpower needs in the ergy sector and trains LDC nationals in the scientific, acering , planning and manager ial disciplines necessary to and sanage energy systems. 936-5315 Experimental Approaches to Rural Savings Enables rural financiar INSETEUTTONS Eo become Tinanciarty viable and self-sustaining by mobilizing rural private savings, changing the financial policy environment and improving access to financial capital by rural borrowers. 936-5317 Performance Management - Provides management training to improve organizational performance and strengthen local man agement training and consulting institutions. 936-5426 Employment and Enterprise Policy Analysis - Provides analytical Inputs into the process of employment and industrial policy reform to eliminate policy biases against labor-intensive- production and smaller enterprises. 936-5428 Appropriate Technology International II - Increases the standard of living of the poor in developing countries primarily through facilitating the choice, development, transfer, adapta- tion, commercialization/dissemination and assessment of technolo- gies appropriate to conditions in developing countries, particu- larly those facing the poor and small enterprises. 936-5438 Development Strategies for Fragile Lands - Helps less developed countries address development problems on fragile lands (steep slopes and lowland humid tropics) by conducting and pro- moting research on appropriate strategies, establishing an information sharing network, and facilitating donor cooperation. 936-5446 Decentralization: Pinance and Management - Helps developing countries Ery out and implement better ways to organize and pay for centralized services such as road and irrigation canal maintenance. 936-5547 Forestry Fuelwood Research and Development Promotes research and development efforts and networks to improve produc- tion of fuelwood, forestry goods and services, sound forestry management and agroforestry through forestry and related social science research. tice of Forestry and Environmental and Natural Resources 48-511 Environmental Planning and Management - Provides Best-tern advisory services and planning for environmental Kofiles and national conservation strategies in order to strengthen less developed country institutional capacity to auge and conserve natural resources for sustainable development. 3-5518 Coastal Resources Management - Provides assistance, 2009, and research in order to increase the capacity of less iseloped country professionals and institutions to develop and manage their coastal resources. 13-5519 Porest Resources Management - Provides technical assis- zace and conducts research that will enhance the wise use of terest resources by means of conversion, conservation and reservation. 936-5826 Communication For Technology Transfer In Agriculture - Develops and E@SES INSETUCETONTT systems for transferring agri- cultural technology. Systems are based on information exchange among farmers, researchers, extension workers and on the integra- tion of mass media with farmer contact systems. 43-5547 Porestry/Fuelwood Research and Development Promotes research and development efforts and networks to improve produc- casa of fuelwood, forestry goods and services, sound forestry ezagenent and agroforestry through forestry and related social science research. - 436-5550 Biological Conservation in Development Assists less keteloped countries better manage their wild plant, animal and Ecrobial resources. Office of Energy 936-5709 Bioenergy Systems and Technology To increase the availability of energy from existing 510Togical origin resources. Technical assistance is provided for the design of research activities, less developed country bioresource assessments, and bioresource production and conversion systems. iesearch and University Relations 931-1282 Title XII Strengthening Grants Helps u.s. niversities adapt and enhance their domestic capabilities to 1.1.D./LDCS' development needs. 50 51 1271 936-5728 Energy Policy Development and Conservation - Assists less developed countries develop institutions, personnel and processes capable of effective energy policy-making; provides assistance for the design of specific policies, programs and investments needed to relieve energy problems and to achieve improvements in the efficiency of energy use. 936-5730 Renewable Energy Applications and Training - Assists developing countries in using their renewable resource (solar, wind and geothermal) and provides training in the development and management of specific renewable energy systems. 936-5734 Energy Training - Assesses LDC manpower needs in the energy sector and trains LDC nationals in the scientific, engineering, planning and managerial disciplines necessary to develop and manage energy systems. Office of Forestry and Environmental and Natural Resources 936-5517 Environmental Planning and Management Provides short-term advisory services and planning for environmental profiles and national conservation strategies in order to strengthen less developed country institutional capacity to manage and conserve natural resources for sustainable development. 936-5518 Coastal Resources Management - Provides assistance, training, and research in order to Increase the capacity of less developed country professionals and institutions to develop and manage their coastal resources. 936-5519 Porest Resources Management Provides technical assis- tance and conducts research that will enhance the wise use of forest resources by means of conversion, conservation and preservation. 936-5547 forestry/Fuelwood Research and Development Promotes research and development efforts and networks to improve produc- tion of fuelwood, forestry goods and services, sound forestry management and agroforestry through forestry and related social science research. 936-5550 Biological Conservation in Development Assists less developed countries better manage their wild plant, animal and microbial resources. 2 Research and University Relations 931-1282 Title XII Strengthening Grants - Helps u.s. universities adapt and enhance their domestic capabilities to A.1.0./LDCS' development needs. 51 1272 1273 ! Ritle II Outreach - To provide logistical support so se poate reluntary agencies may continue, expand and retarget per il prograns to reach people nost in need. 8-16 linking Dairy Products with Developments - To provide mais for derelopaent projects, worldwide, of private entities preoperatives utilizing surplus dairy products from ccc 936-5052 Project Review Provides assistance in evaluating on-going projects, the development of new projects and the selection and review of new research proposals. 936-5053 HBCU Research Grants Funds research projects at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) that address less developed country problems. 936-5055 Technical Advisory Support Services Provides managerial and technical assistance to U.S. universities to enable these institutions to provide assistance to less developed countries in agricultural areas. 936-5058 Joint Memorandum of Understanding - Agriculture Increases the capacity of Title XII universities to provide assistance to less developed countries in agriculture areas. 936-5060 Matching Support Grant Program Increases the capacity of selected land-grant universities to provide assistance to less developed countries in agriculture and to improve performance on ongoing project activities. Rrea far Progran and Policy Coordination 4-1022 Socio-Econonic Studies and Activities - Supports such an O.S. assistance policies and programs; areas of suiry include the role of the private and public sectors in breloping countries, price policies for public sector services, Geria for allocations of food assistance, and the relationship - zergy cost to debt. Program Office 31-1885 Integrated Studies and Systems Provides for sprekensive evaluations of assistance programs in areas of suficaat topical interest and development expenditure and esists developing countries in their evaluation of project migress. 936-1406 Program Development and Support Provides technical expertise, goods and services to improve program development, project design, implementation and evaluation of less developed country programs. 936-5054 Information Transfer Produces a technical magazine and provides an information transfer service which informs less developed country development specialists about new, effective technologies, products and project experience. 1E-JIM FID Strategies and Resources - Facilitates the inclusion vakes into A.1.D. assistance programs with technical assistance * 2 that drawn from 0.s. university WID centers, and action- Certed, applied research to enhance employment and income- E9109 opportunities for women in the developing countries. Bureau for food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance 07-1332 Information as a tool in Development Selects, cilects, retrieves and transfers technical, program and project nation generated by LDC institutions, pvos, other U.S. macies, national and international development organizations icrld Bank, PAO), and A.I.D. to the developing countries; and, aperts outreach programs in the LDCs with awareness journals, ni technical assistance on information programs such as library nd information network development. !N-0264 Agriculture Information and Related Services - Makes mailable to developing countries the sizeable technical infor- ution resources of the U.s. Department of Agriculture and its gencies such as the National Agriculture Library, The Foreign igriculture Services, and the Science and Education lännistration. 938-0700 Food for Peace Program Management To provide the technical expertise and ancillary services needed to improve the planning and implementation of ongoing programs. 938-0701 Title II Program Enhancement To improve the develop- ment impact of Title 11 resources by strengthening the capability of PVos to design and implement essential complementary components of supplementary feeding programs. 938-0702 Pood Data Needs Assessment - To improve collection of food sector data in drought-prone African countries in order to make more accurate and timely estimates at food aid needs. - 930-0600 Peace Corps - Supports small community-based development Kojects nanaged by Peace Corps volunteers. These projects deal cth food production, primary health care, and small enterprise detelopment. 52 X-4111 International Agricultural Research Centers An inter- national agricultural research network to supply scientific and technical methodologies to less developed countries to expand food production. 53 1273 938-0704 Title Outreach - To provide logistical support so that private voluntary agencies may continue, expand and retarget Title II programs to reach people nost in need. 938-0706 Linking Dairy Products with Developments To provide funds for development projects, worldwide, of private entities and cooperatives utilizing surplus dairy products from CCC inventories. Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination 930-0022 Socio-Economic Studies and Activities - Supports research on 0.s. assistance policies and programs; areas of inquiry include the role of the private and public sectors in developing countries, price policies for public sector services, criteria for allocations of food assistance, and the relationship of energy cost to debt. 930-0085 Integrated Studies and Systems - Provides for comprehensive evaluations of assistance programs in areas of significant topical interest and development expenditure and assists developing countries in their evaluation of project progress. 930-0100 WID Strategies and Resources Facilitates the inclusion of women into A.I.D. assistance programs with technical assistance such as that drawn from U.S. university WID centers, and action- oriented, applied research to enhance employment and income- earning opportunities for women in the developing countries. 930-0232 Information as a tool in Development Selects, collects, retrieves and transfers technical, program and project information generated by LDC institutions, pvos, other 0... agencies, national and international development organizations (World Bank, PAO), and A.I.D. to the developing countries; and, supports outreach programs in the LDCs with awareness journals, and technical assistance on information programs such as library and information network development. 930-0264 Agriculture Information and Related Services Makes available to developing countries the sizeable technical infor- mation resources of the u.s. Department of Agriculture and its Agencies such as the National Agriculture Library, The Foreign Agriculture Services, and the science and Education Administration. 930-0600 Peace Corps - Supports small community-based development projects managed by Peace Corps volunteers. These projects deal with food production, primary health care, and small enterprise development. 936-4111 International Agricultural Research Centers - An inter- national agricultural research network to supply scientific and technical methodologies to less developed countries to expand food production, 53 1274 1275 PROGRAM SUMMARY In millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1988 Roguest 129.1 127.2 POPULATION legre Responsible Officer Senior Assietant Administrator rex Serra Tony dur al's population assistance program emphasizes the right of each couple to are the ster and spacing of their children; the health benefits of i paming to others and children; and efforts to reduce abortion. To ged , the basic strategy of the progran is to ensure the widespread rinity of quality voluntary family planning services to enable couples e so desire to regulate their fertility. POPULATION PLANNING he slepenpes of rapid population growth are now more widely understood stevere a decade ago. The danaging effect of rapid population growth 1 bath of others and children is particularly clear: maternal and the mortality rise measurably with large numbers of births and with births I elsely spaced. Twenty-five years ago only a handful of developing recognized the diverse problems associated with population growth; se than 70 developing countries, consisting of 90 percent of the PRESS Orld's population, have adopted population policies. The United 2 has taken a lead role in calling attention to the impact of rapid to growth and, through A.I.D., has provided almost half of all kan ditor assistance over the past two decades. epite the growing desire for family planning services, access to a range of Tom and information about those services is inadequate and population og rates in most developing countries remain high. In some countries, specially in Sub-Sahara Africa, birth rates have not declined. However, is evidence that high rates of population growth are beginning to level ť n a number of developing countries. The most significant fertility eines bave occurred in countries with both a strong national commitment to Rating population growth and widely available family planning services. a's experience demonstrates that a balanced program which provides 2. planing services and information, combined with strong community super: for taily planning, is the most effective way of helping couples metuse the size and spacing of their families. population assistance program has, over the years, been concerned with ne space and linkages of family planning an family health. Two belts-related areas where population assistance is becoming increasingly pertant are – child survival and, to a lesser extent, acquired imune ziciency syndrome (AIDS). Recently increased attention has been paid to garag the health of children and mothers in developing countries where en el proget an estimated 15 million children below five die and 500,000 women Le fran causes related to pregnancy and childbearing. It has become Taringly clear that birth spacing plays a critical role in saving lives stets and others. 56 ONKO 1275 PROGRAM SUMMARY (In millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1986 Actual FY 1988 Request 129.1 134.4 127.2 POPULATION OVERVIEW CANARY ... AN A.I.D.'s population assistance program emphasizes the right of each couple to choose the number and spacing of their children; the health benefits of family planning to mothers and children; and efforts to reduce abortion. To this end, the basic strategy of the program is to ensure the widespread availability of quality voluntary family planning services to enable couples who so desire to regulate their fertility. The consequences of rapid population growth are now more widely understood than they were a decade ago. The damaging effect of rapid population growth on the health of mothers and children is particularly clear: maternal and infant mortality rise measurably with large numbers of births and with births too closely spaced. Twenty-five years ago only a handful of developing countries recognized the diverse problems associated with population growth; now more than 70 developing countries, consisting of 90 percent of the developing world's population, have adopted population policies. The United States has taken a lead role in calling attention to the impact of rapid population growth and, through A.I.D., has provided almost half of all population donor assistance over the past two decades. Despite the growing desire for family planning services, access to a range of services and information about those services is inadequate and population growth rates in most developing countries remain high. In some countries, especially in Sub-Sahara Africa, birth rates have not declined. However, there is evidence that high rates of population growth are beginning to level off in a number of developing countries. The most significant fertility declines have occurred in countries with both a strong national commitment to reducing population growth and widely available family planning services. A.I.D.'s experience demonstrates that a balanced program which provides family planning services and information, combined with strong community support for family planning, is the most effective way of helping couples determine the size and spacing of their families. The population assistance program has, over the years, been concerned with the impact and linkages of family planning on family health, health-related areas where population assistance is becoming increasingly important are - child survival and, to a lesser extent, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently increased attention has been paid to improving the health of children and mothers in developing countries where each year an estimated 15 million children below five die and 500,000 women die fron causes related to pregnancy and childbearing. It has become increasingly clear that birth spacing plays a critical role in saving lives of infants and mothers. TWO AID 3703 0431 56 ! ! 1276 1277 It is also known that birth-spacing can reduce infant deaths by as much as 20 percent. Recognizing the important relationship between child spacing and child survival, A.I.D. has been testing ways to communicate this knowledge to policy makers and to service providers. In addition, child spacing services are now often included with other child survival activities. Many national and international organizations are beginning to closely monitor AIDS with increasing concern over how to provide assistance to prevent the spread and combat the disease. The agency is also assessing the rapidly changing situation in order to develop an appropriate strategy for A.I.D.'s role in combatting this disease, which may also have some bearing on population activities. cele developing countries on population policies and 1326-5. Aperience under scores need for a variety of sultimal resources to help developing countries make the as atual stages of population program development through sa para pared toverd self-reliance. Thus, the centrally-funded a sa tan hearily upon U.S. academic, business and private etms' skills and expertise for assistance in transferring nu and management techniques. se handen population assistance program is designed to provide I try specific progres, particularly those which do not receive taustor bilateral assistance but which lack the human and UAB Also given help. Without centrally-funded efforts, these se obility to adequately provide family planning services Ebied the technical assistance and support they need to Zamily planning programs. When capabilities (public and Duted, these countries should be able to individually sustain Si te fsx the near future, support from centrally-funded projects POLICY The cornerstone of 0.s. population policy is to ensure the right of couples to choose voluntarily the number and spacing of their children. The policy adheres to the established principles of respect for human life, enhancement of human dignity, and strengthening the well-being of families. The United States has provided, and continues to provide, considerable support for voluntary family planning programs but the United States firmly opposes abortion as a method of family planning and coercive population programs. Addressing unmanageable population pressures is an essential element of the U.S. development strategy and this Administration has reaffirmed a 22-year U.S. commitment to strengthen voluntary family planning efforts. Description of Centrally-Funded Program Centrally-funded projects play a key role in the application of science and technology to developing world problems and the marshalling of private sector techniques and resources for family planning product and service delivery. In countries of Latin America, Africa and other regions where there are no 0.s. bilateral population assistance programs, centrally-funded support of the programs of private and international organizations is critical in making family planning services available, A.I.D. is requesting $129.1 million in population funds for FY 1988 for centrally-funded activities. This will account for 62% of the total population assistance budget. The centrally-funded population assistance program supports a broad set of activities which can be readily adapted to the needs and desires of couples in specific developing countries. These include assistance in collecting and analyzing demographic data; formulation of population policies; provision of safe, effective, and affordable contraceptives; appropriate research; technical assistance in planning and designing programs; and information dissemination and training activities. To further enhance couples' choices, A.I.D. supports the use of a broad range of voluntary family planning methods and has initiated actions to increase information on and access to natural family planning. This program is based on the principle of voluntarism, informed choice, and the receptivity of the host country's people and government. U.S. assistance is not conditioned on the host government adopting a particular population policy other than voluntarism. Tots of the PN 1988 centrally-funded program include the 22.00, technology transfer and institutional development; policy poet the private sector, the voluntary sector, and international sa resarch and training. Collectively these ensure the broadest sur le choices of family planning methods, including natural family Syed the most effective use of donor and host country resources. to the oppy can fulfill its mandate is not through simply transferring the 1.1.D. population assistance program is the belief that the *** through technology transfer and strengthening less developed 2 t. fertility regulation techniques and has pioneered such institutions. A.I.D. has been the leader in developing and providing their delivery systems as community-based contraceptive distribution en und social marketing programs. Saltarded projects serve as the focal point within the Agency for toliat.com of research, transfer of scientific technology and for teaching torial skills to developing countries' family planning programs. Several slation, service delivery and program management for worldwide use. Others ally-funded projects investigate and test new technologies for fertility the latest information and technology available to developing Secific needs. These research, training and information station activities are designed to maximize the involvement of being country public and private sector institutions so that an Zitational base will be created to undertake independently-managed Einmal progress. Szally-funded population projects can be divided into four major pries: policy dialogue; applied research; family planning services delivery, and information and training. 57 58 1277 A.I.D. has worked with developing countries on population policies and prograns since the mid-1960s. Experience under scores need for a variety of technical and institutional resources to help developing countries make the transition from the initial stages of population program development through to national programs geared toward self-reliance. Thus, the centrally-funded population program draws heavily upon 0.s. academic, business and private voluntary organizations' skills and expertise for assistance in transferring scientific, technical and management techniques. The centrally-funded population assistance program is designed to provide support for country specific programs, particularly those which do not receive bilateral support but have significant population needs such as Mexico. Other countries eligible for bilateral assistance but which lack the human and institutional capability to adequately provide family planning services themselves are also given help. Without centrally-funded efforts, these countries would be denied the technical assistance and support they need to improve their family planning programs. When capabilities (public and private) are improved, these countries should be able to individually sustain this effort, but for the near future, support from centrally-funded projects is essential. Important aspects of the FY 1988 centrally-funded program include the involvement of the private sector, the voluntary sector, and international organizations; technology transfer and institutional development; policy dialogue; research and training. Collectively these ensure the broadest possible range of choices of family planning methods, including natural family planning, and the most effective use of donor and host country resources. Implicit in the A.I.D. population assistance program is the belief that the best way the Agency can fulfill its mandate is not through simply transferring resources but through technology transfer and strengthening less developed country institutions. A.I.D. has been the leader in developing and providing the latest fertility regulation techniques and has pioneered such cost-effective delivery systems as community-based contraceptive distribution systems and social marketing programs. Centrally-funded projects serve as the focal point within the Agency for coordination of research, transfer of scientific technology and for teaching managerial skills to developing countries' family planning programs. Several centrally-funded projects investigate and test new technologies for fertility regulation, service delivery and program management for worldwide use. Others adapt the latest information and technology available to developing country-specific needs. These research, training and information dissemination activities are designed to maximize the involvement of developing country public and private sector institutions so that an institutional base will be created to undertake independently-managed national programs. Centrally-funded population projects can be divided into four major categories: policy dialogue; applied research, family planning services delivery; and information and training. 58 1278 1279 POLICY DIALOGUE ($11.0 million FY 1988; $10.4 million FY 1987) eins of dollars in education and health costs -- an amount far exceeding Dement expenditures on family planning. The findings of this study Set the government's decision to maintain its spending level for family ay in the face of a declining national budget. Family planning programs are most successful when governments support service delivery systems, are committed to address rapid population growth through se provision of voluntary family planning services, and translate this committees into a clear population policy. The preferred policy is one which stresses improved education, health and employment opportunities especially for women A.I.D. promotes inclusion of education, health and employment principles a population policy dialogue in recognition of the potential of high growth rates to erode overall growth in national economic development. A select group of centrally-funded population assistance projects contribute to policy discussions by providing developing country leaders with the information and institutional resources they need to examine the implications of current liter of population growth and formulate national policies consistent with their development goals. Through specially-designed computer presentations, the Resources for Awareness of Population Impacts on Development (RAPID) II project provides developing country policy-makers with specific information de the impact of current population growth rates on their development objectives and trains host-country staff in policy analysis. RAPID presentations have been particularly effective recently in promoting population policy dialogue and policy development in Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia, and Cameroon. Demographic data collection and analysis activities contribute significantly to our understanding of developing country population trends and the development and impact of policies and programs by strengthening the capacity of developing countries to process, evaluate and analyze demographic and family planning data as well as other related socio-economic data. in Nigeria, for example, critical technical assistance is provided for the analysis of the 1980 National Demographic Sample Survey. Data from this survey will provide the only available demographic estimates since the 1963 census. Demographic and health surveys focus on essential demographic data collection and analyses to assist developing country officials and program managers in the planning, management and evaluation of population and health programs, project, Demographic Data Initiatives, will be the principle vehicle to Trade is with the tools needed to analyze the relationships between mation growth and development, and, in so doing, strengthen the startet for voluntary family planning programs. This project will place getest emphasis on countries at the initial phases of establishing mikian policies, where demand for policy assistance is strongest. In arries where policies are in place and where programs are given financial sport, the project will provide inputs for effectively implementing existing nities and for enhancing the self-sufficiency of family planning programs non sough private as well as public sector efforts. PD PASAROS ($23.7 million FY 1988; $22.7 million FY 1987) ztcally-funded activities support applied research in the United States and a cere coing countries in two areas: biomedical research to acquire more efective, appropriate contraceptives and other contraceptive techniques for ite.oping country use; and research to improve the management and delivery of faily planing services. 4.1.2. support of biomedical research has led to safer and more effective sterilization procedures, the use of the low-dose oral contraceptives, vaginal betraceptives and the modification of IUDs for family planning programs. increased resources are committed to accelerate completion of contraceptive factologies. These include new and improved IUDS, subdermal implants and ceber long-acting contraceptives, progestin-only oral contraceptives, merocontraceptives and several barrier methods and better information on natural family planning. Biomedical research also supports clinical testing LE ASSESS acceptability, safety and effectiveness of contraceptive technology sing users in developing countries and the transfer of new and improved fertility technologies to developing countries. Studies on the use of natural family planning methods address important questions about the conditions under dict natural family planning may be most appropriate and effective. A number of large-scale epidemiological studies are measuring and analyzing, among other things, the mortality and morbidity of contraceptive users and users. Activities in policy research and analysis help developing country leaders examine and understand the determinants and consequences of rapid population growth in relation to national objectives and to evaluate policy alternatives. These activities have been particularly effective recently in promoting population policy development in Nigeria, Zaire, Zambia, and Cameroon. Other policy-related activities promote analysis of the impact of non-population specific national policies, laws and regulations on the effort to change undesirable population growth rates; help to increase the allocation of private and public sector resources to family planning; and provide technical assistance to LDC institutions to improve the dissemination of population research findings for decision-makers. For example, recently the Integrated Population and Development Planning project assisted Indonesia's Family Planning Coordinating Board (BKKBN) to assess the impact of family planning efforts on public sector expenditures. Results of this analysis showed that the Government of Indonesia's support of family planning programs over the period 1971-1985 contributed to a fertility reduction from 41.1 to 28.5 births per thousand population. Reduced fertility over this period not only improved the health of women and children, but saved the government improved contraceptive technologies cannot be effective if they are not readily available and acceptable to prospective users. The research com puzent of the program assists policy-makers and program administrators to design, implement and evaluate cost-effective delivery systems which can make family planning and basic health services more widely available, at a reasonable cost, to rural and urban poor populations. Of the many lessons learned to date, the most important is that the delivery of community-based tanily plaming and health services by locally recruited and specially trainer 30-professionals is highly acceptable, feasible, safe and cost-effective in vide variety of cultural settings. Moreover, contraceptive prevalence rates in project areas have doubled, on the average, in only one to two years. Sor 59 69-533 0 - 87 41 60 1279 millions of dollars in education and health costs -- an amount far exceeding government expenditures on family planning. The findings of this study support the government's decision to maintain its spending level for family planning in the face of a declining national budget. A new project, Demographic Data Initiatives, will be the principle vehicle to provide LDCs with the tools needed to analyze the relationships between population growth and development, and, in so doing, strengthen the environment for voluntary family planning programs. This project will place greatest emphasis on countries at the initial phases of establishing population policies, where demand for policy assistance is strongest. In countries where policies are in place and where programs are given financial support, the project will provide inputs for effectively implementing existing policies and for enhancing the self-sufficiency of family planning programs through private as well as public sector efforts. APPLIED RESEARCH ($23.7 million FY 1988; $22.7 million FY 1987) Centrally-funded activities support applied research in the United States and in developing countries in two areas: biomedical research to acquire more effective, appropriate contraceptives and other contraceptive techniques for developing country use; and research to improve the management and delivery of family planning services. A.I.D. support of biomedical research has led to safer and more effective sterilization procedures, the use of the low-dose oral contraceptives, vaginal contraceptives and the modification of IUDs for family planning programs. Increased resources are committed to accelerate completion of contraceptive technologies. These include new and improved IUDS, subdermal implants and other long-acting contraceptives, progestin-only oral contraceptives, immunocontraceptives and several barrier methods and better information on natural family planning, Biomedical research also supports clinical testing to assess acceptability, safety and effectiveness of contraceptive technology among users in developing countries and the transfer of new and improved fertility technologies to developing countries. Studies on the use of natural family planning methods address important questions about the conditions under which natural family planning may be most appropriate and effective. A number of large-scale epidemiological studies are measuring and analyzing, among other things, the mortality and morbidity of contraceptive users and non-users. Improved contraceptive technologies cannot be effective if they are not readily available and acceptable to prospective users. The research com- ponent of the program assists policy-makers and program administrators to design, implement and evaluate cost-effective delivery systems which can make family planning and basic health services more widely available, at a reasonable cost, to rural and urban poor populations. Of the many lessons learned to date, the most important is that the delivery of community-based family planning and health services by locally recruited and specially trained non-professionals is highly acceptable, feasible, safe and cost- ective in a wide variety of cultural settings. Moreover, contraceptive prevalence rates in project areas have doubled, on the average, in only one to two years. Some 69-533 0 - 87 - 41 60 1281 1280 os intraceptive procurement program supplies contraceptives to bilateral and säily-funded 1.1.D.-supported family planning service programs. errallpurchased U.S.-manufactured contraceptives are supplied to programs nece than 70 countries. Through economies of scale achieved through stral procurement, the cost of contraceptives to A.1.D. has actually eclined. farther ispostant component of the program is the provision of technical Kistance to family planning program managers to instruct them how to design, araps and evaluate their specific programs. Country-specific technical istance is essential. recent examples include: In Zaire the use of modern family planning increased from an initial level of- 26-5% to 10%-198 after a one-year experiment to offer contraceptives to people in their communities either through household visits or village depots. In Sri Lanka, satisfied IUD users worked with Ministry of Health field workers and increased IUD acceptance by 160%. In both countries the initial experiment has been extended to much larger populations and in Sri Lanka, the entire family planning delivery system has been modified as a result of the operations research program. Research projects have been responsible for significant changes in the organization and management of family planning and primary health care programs in Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Haiti, Egypt, Mexico, Morocco, and Tunisia. The successful Morocco project, for example, led to the developnent and implementation of a national strategy to increase contraceptive availability and use. Important new research activities test cost-effective approaches to family planning service delivery in a number of African countries including Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Zaire. Natural Family Planning (NFP) demonstration projects are in process in Liberia, Zambia and Mauritius. FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES ($52.0 million FY 1988; $51.6 million FY 1987) Family planning services continue to rank as the highest priority in the centrally-funded population portfolio. Included is support for private voluntary organizations to deliver services to increase the role of the for-profit private sector in the delivery of family planning, country-specific general technical assistance, and the procurement of safe, effective, modern contraceptives. Private population organizations remain critical to A.I.D.'s strategy for delivering family planning services, particularly in countries without a bilateral development assistance program. These organizations support family planning service projects in more than 80 developing countries. Among the private organizations to which A.I.D. provides support for family planning activities are Family Planning International Assistance, the Association for Voluntary Surgical Contraception, The Pathfinder Fund, the Western Hemisphere Region of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, and the Centre for Development and Population Activities. Special emphasis is given to expanding private sector family planning activities in Africa where private organizations play a critical role and where family planning activities are often closely integrated with health activities. Complementing efforts with the private voluntary sector, A.I.D.'s population program is giving special emphasis to working with the for-profit sector. Activities in Contraceptive Social Marketing are using existing private sector entities in many developing countries to advertise and distribute family planning information and commodities. Another private sector activity, the Social Family Planning Enterprise project, assists for-profit health care providers and employee benefit programs to incorporate family planning information and commodities as an integral part of the employees' health services system. PARITION AU TRAINING ($17.4 million FY 1988; $17.1 million FY 1987) of the strengths of the U.S. Population assistance program has been the master of U.S. scientific and technological know-how to developing country recenie) implementing faily planning programs. Centrally-funded information and training projects are important avenues for technology transfer and the mation of a technical resource base for country-specific assistance in the kereisment and testing of family planning information, education and training. These projects strengthen developing country institutional capacity to train key service providers, provide planning administrators and service ronders with up-to-date scientific and technical information, and help coride individual couples with the information they need to make informed kisias an family size and child spacing. ka recent teleconference, thousands of nurses at their worksites in 11 Latin nerican countries learned up-to-date techniques in family planning and Eternal and child health from physicians assembled in Miami. The arrangement allowed the nurses to watch via television simultaneously-translated astructional presentations and interact with the instructors via telephone. be Johns Hopkins University JHPIEGO project, in association with the Global Development Network and Miami Children's Hospital, organized the international teleconference, using satellite technology provided by Intelsat's Project Sare. USAID missions sponsored local telecasts of the conference in Haiti, Costa Rica, the Doninican Republic, and Bolivia where the conference was also broadcast on national television. One evaluation of training funded under the Paramedical, Auxiliary and Comunity (PAC) Family Planning Personnel Training project shows substantial increases in the services provided by Mexican community-based distributors after supervisors completed five-day workshops. The training was provided by the Federation of Private Family Planning Associations, (FEMAP) to its 18 affiliates throughout Mexico at a cost of only $60.00 per trainee -- including travel, per diem and materials. The 983 supervisors, trained between January and June, were responsible for the second-generation training of 6,410 comunity workers. The program is measurably improving the performance of the personnel involved in community-based distribution at a cost of $8.00 per trainee. It is estimated that more than 140,000 health and family planning markers will receive training under this project uring the period PY 1984 ?! 1987. 62 61 1281 The contraceptive procurement program supplies contraceptives to bilateral and centrally-funded A.I.D.-supported family planning service programs. Centrally-purchased U.S.-manufactured contraceptives are supplied to programs in more than 70 countries. Through economies of scale achieved through central procurement, the cost of contraceptives to A.I.D. has actually declined. Another important component of the program is the provision of technical assistance to family planning program managers to instruct them how to design, manage and evaluate their specific programs. Country-specific technical assistance is essential. INFORMATION AND TRAINING ($17.4 million FY 1988; $17.1 million FY 1987) One of the strengths of the U.S. Population assistance program has been the transfer of U.S. scientific and technological know how to developing country personnel implementing family planning programs. Centrally-funded information and training projects are important avenues for technology transfer and the creation of a technical resource base for country-specific assistance in the development and testing of family planning information, education and training. These projects strengthen developing country institutional capacity to train key service providers, provide planning administrators and service providers with up-to-date scientific and technical information, and help provide individual couples with the information they need to make informed decisions on family size and child spacing. At a recent teleconference, thousands of nurses at their worksites in 11 Latin American countries learned up-to-date techniques in family planning and maternal and child health from physicians assembled in Miami. The arrangement allowed the nurses to watch via television simultaneously-translated instructional presentations and interact with the instructors via telephone, The Johns Hopkins University JHPIEGO project, in association with the Global Development Network and Miami Children's Hospital, organized the international teleconference, using satellite technology provided by Intelsat's Project Share. USAID missions sponsored local telecasts of the conference in Haiti, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Bolivia where the conference was also broadcast on national television. One evaluation of training funded under the Paramedical, Auxiliary and Community (PAC) Family Planning Personnel Training project shows substantial increases in the services provided by Mexican community-based distributors after supervisors completed five-day workshops. The training was provided by the Federation of Private Family Planning Associations, (FEMAP) to its 18 affiliates throughout Mexico at a cost of only $60.00 per trainee -- including travel, per diem and materials. The 983 supervisors, trained between January and June, were responsible for the second-generation training of 6,410 community workers. The program is measurably improving the performance of the personnel involved in community-based distribution at a cost of $8.00 per trainee. It is estimated that more than 140,000 health and family planning workers will receive training under this project during the period FY 1984 - PY 1987. e 1 19 1 lar 62 1283 63 activities. Population Activities (UNFPA). A.I.D.'s intention to use the funds for other voluntary family planning legislative restrictions, it is not possible to obligate funds to UNFPA, it is If, because of UNFPA's inability to meet The FY 1988 request includes $25 million for the United Nations Pund for $25 million FY 1987) UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR POPULATION ACTIVITIES ($25 million FY 1988; 1282 PANORAR. 0 A. LO 20 PEN - 26 ON Aire.. : .NO TITLE ) ATIONS OITUR INITIAL PINAL SOLIO OILIO TECHNOLOGY BUREAU POR SCIENCE ANO --- OPPICE OF CALTN --- --- --- OOS Chito' SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRA! 500 1565-956 SUPPORT OOS TOTAL POR PROGRAM SOO GRANTS 500 500 LOANS 2.300 2.400 2.000 1.375 2.316 2.599 16,595 14.771 --- --- 68 C OFFICE OF POPULATION 932-0502 POPULATION PROGRA DEVELOPMENT/ SUPPORT --- 739 --- 2.493 16.536 19.765 --- 19.765 27.378 --- 72 SS . --- 932-0346 PROG. POR APPLIED RES. ON PERTIILITY REG 5.355 5.069 59.863 52.131 66.932 66.241 --- --- 73 --- S 13 --- 1.09 932-0604 TRAINING IN REPRODUCTIVE MEALTH 26.646 27,758 27.758 39.767 625 . 932-032 3 72 FERTILITY INPACT-DI PFERENT PO PROGRAMS 1.255 320 7.999 SSS6 61 9.US 12.665 316 79 87 313 5.034 3.11 --- 72 C 74,040 77.363 932-0643 3 POPULATION POLICY RESEARCM 932-0.51 s PP WORLDWIDE TRAINING FUND 32-0807 PANILY PLANNING SERVICI S-PATNPINDER 77.343 77,344 1.450 14.050 12.100 6.433 13.712 143.621 16.000 151.745 220.000 191.500 71 60 932-0955 " INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM - 1283 1 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSBO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 13 0233/. CENTRALLY PUNDED - POPULATION PLANNING CP 8.-02 PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L PY OF PY OP INITIAL FINAL G JBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED #UTK -TMROUGM PY83- OLXG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY96- OOLI EXP EN ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY97- BLIS- ERPEN 4TIONS OITURES -PROPOSED ..- OBLI- ! XPEN- 4TIONS I TURSS BUREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 500 500 GRANTS 500 500 --- DO --- LOANS 16,771 G --- --- 2,493 739 --- 1,735 16,534 72 35 19,755 21,373 --- --- --- 59.865 73 36 64,932 66,241 --- --- --- 27.753 26.646 27.758 39.747 ... --- 625 --- 1.253 520 7.999 9.555 9,835 12.665 --- 61 5,034 4,974 315 72 ... 3,189 --- --- 114 77.343 74.040 77,343 77,346 13.712 163,621 190,745 16000 OPPICE OF 1ZALIN 935-5951 85 CHILD SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRAM SUPPORT 500 500 2.400 2.309 OFFICE OF POPULATION 1,873 2.000 2.314 2.599 14,595 932-0302 POPULATION PROGRAN DEVELOP***T/SUPPORT 932-0346 . PROG. FOR APPLIED RES. ON PERTILITY REG 52, 131 5.069 5,353 932-0604 G TRAINING IN REPRODUCTIVE MEALIN 1,097 932-0.32 9 12 FERTILITI IMPACT-DIFFERENT FO PROGRAMS 79 87 932-0643 POPULATION POLICY RESEARCH 92-0451 6 F! WORLDWIDE TRAINING SUND 65 932-0607 AKILT PLANNING SERVICES-PATHFINDER 12.100 7,450 643) 16.030 30 932-0955 !! INTEONATIONAL ASSISTANC! PROGRAR 220.000 191.500 1285 SUNDARY 98 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY PUNDED - POPULATION PLANNING . PAGS 16 02/33/37 L FY OP FY OF | INITIAL EINAL 6 03LIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO THROUGH PYBS- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91790 CP 88-02 -ACTUAL FY86- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 3 72 -91160 38 - ESTIMATE FY37- EXPEN- 4TIONS JI TURSS 200.000 133,056 39.178 -Niaxa 80,930 -PROPS! FY89- 03LI;- ATIONS OITURES 10.200 9,645 6 10.003 32 37 11.00 290°C 7.779 5,350 11.500 11,000 5.079 1.782 2,195 1.425 1,200 92 Се iOS 3 POPULATION COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES 56697 8.092 66.995 6,357 5.100 3,933 oci'i CCSS 78 007 3B 4.100 33.036 36.267 22.922 16,294 4.700 9.326 33 CCI 33 OCOS 3,029 CCI 0086 6.708 5.250 3.925 2.000 1,955 1,303 כככ.2 9 91 C 228 45,953 41,25 15,400 5,393 10.000 7.590 G DEMOGRAPHIC AND PAMILY MALTA SURVEYS 13.002 40,250 26,275 050€ 9.000 1,645 6.000 3.307 2.52 3.023 1.100 . 4.500 11.750 3.120 1284 2.224 1,385 --- 739 SCO 302 70 750 3 INTEGRATED POP DEV PLANNING II 27 4.294 2.548 2.024 1.531 2.100 2.352 790 1.00 s 35 --- LCS 25.000 25.033 6.600 2.310 3.500 6,68 4,176 9 4,50 95 4,175 5.000 1,857 1950 1.857 1.017 --- 565 --- 275 3 CONTRACEPTIVE SOCIAL MARKETING 936-3029 5 NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING, EDUCATION/TRAINI 936-3030 36 STRATEGIES POR IMPROVINS --- . 83 73,209 36.942 12.997 3.969 7.837 6.14 7.195 E.000 6.000 10.50 23.326 11.191 4.976 OCO. 6. S. 5.377 כככ.5 9.145 1.000 65 VOORVOS OLTO-ORPO OITURES GOS. SNOIA. Oss SOG- 2.4.0 a. 200 36.000 Ooo סכז OC 1.100 *; 100 S.200 9.000 9.00 9.00 2.56 --- 2. Soo 5.007 5.000 4. 39,321 2.321 3.326 6.900 1.70 3.750 233 2.306 Осо cos OSZ SO 572 73.363 29.703 16.500 7.300 600 000 53 2.100 1.339 1.000 1.36 --- 2.096 --- 3.500 1.119 3.100 36.800 13.01 co 2.000 1.535 1.765 POPULATION POLICY INITIATIVES .39-3037 S SS EXTENDING PP SRVCS THRU WONEN 6 96 ? LOGISTICS AND MANAGENENT 936-3039 : US SANAGEMENT TRAINING 35-3040 3 85 SATURAL PP 936-3041 PANILY MEALTN INTERNATIONAL 3,495 כככ.2 3.000 2 1.495 2.323 SP 3.000 1.250 17.679 17.679 20.000 20.000 2.300 145 OOS 5.009 CCC G 3. 7.03 6.64 725 7.680 10.000 8.700 7.350 So. 500 36.500 10.000 7.507 6.993 SO OSO 9.750 12.000 J.350 6.000 60.000 60.000 6.000 66 58 3.733 6.602 7.000 45 5.000 3.600 6.30C ANILY PLANNING SERVICES-PATM 385 EXPANSION/INPROV, F+ PROGRANS PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 932-0968 PROGRAM FOR VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION-AVS 935-3000 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR DEVELOPMENT 935-3004 936-3005 G POPULATION COUNCIL PROGRAM 935-3017 3 A1 ARENESS OF POP IMPACT ON DEV (II) 935-3018 G CONTRACEPTIVES PROCURENENT 936-3023 936-3024 POPULATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 935.3027 935-3028 SERVICE DELIVER 35-3331 3 I wº ok PARAVAICAL AUX. COMMUNIT-II ..... CO. 35-3032 POPULATION INFORMATION PROGRAM III 031-303 UNIVERSITY OVERSEAS seevice PROGRAM rora I INTERPRISE 36-3035 SANAGERS 935-303 131-3042 PINOCR 031-3043 3.000 ככ3,0 32.000 12.000 --- 09 6.750 --- 3.500 39.680 31.760 ככ4,3 95 95 6.500 COS, --- --- 1.093 CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCN AND DEVELOPMENT SOO 57.000 52.000 2.400 90 --- --- --- 9 36 TRAINING REPRODUCTIVE WEALTN --- --- 5908-556 --- 19.63: 11 936-3046 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA INITIATIVE 99 PAS 1285 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOseo *JECTS IN TNOUS ANDS OF DOLLARS) iros, POPULATION PLANNING CENTIALLY PUNDED . 20-II ) PT OF PY OP LOP INITIAL FINAL PLANNED DILIG DILIG AUTNO -THROUON PYOS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ACTUAL PY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINAT: PY87- OBLIG- !IPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FV8.- OOLID exPN- ATIONS DITURES . 2.200 2.420 2.680 5.5 30 1.Os 1.25 2.500 2.300 9 36.000 3.000 68 700 619 OCO 411 1.100 . UNIVERSITT OVERSEAS SERVICE PROGRAM 2.219 3,700 OCOS 5,200 5.400 2.396 5.003 0052 5.007 39,321 39.321 5.000 1.970 COS 6,500 3.326 3.750 2.806 233 48 58 73.363 2.703 COS 750 OCE 972 009 53 800 2. 100 1.339 1.369 0061 --- --- --- 2.096 CO 1.115 3.100 3.500 2.000 1.765 1.535 --- 3.495 629 21 95 39 2.09 3.000 2.373 1.40S 1.250 2.300 145 3.000 ! 23.300 20.000 0.500 3.00 ccc; 7.0? 8.634 7.683 524 3.700 58 00595 68 3.500 1.353 10.000 7.597 10.000 9.730 350 12.000 40.000 60.000 3.350 6.000 6.000 3.733 6,502 1.000 st 5.000 000 25 EXANSION/INPROV, PROGRANS 12.000 4. JOC 3.609 ... CCO's 3.000 --- 6.1 SO : 93 CONTRACEPTIVE RESEARCH AND DEVELOP RENT 23,680 31.760 CCS 3.500 0059 1,303 --- ... --- 1.093 06 TRAINING REPRODUCTIVE WEALTY $1.000 $2.000 2.400 500 --- --- --- --- .. --- PENOGRAPNSC DATA INITIATIVE PROBRAS: PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 2c0f-516 POPULATION INPORNATION PROGRAM 113 936-3033 36.3034 P ENTERPRISE 936-3035 POPULATION POLICY INITIATIVES 936-3037 3 53 89 IXTENDING MP SRVSS INRU WONEN SANAGERS 16.500 7.300 Ce 96 935.3038 P LOGISTICS AND MANAGENENT 36.800 13.019 6508-886 17.679 VANAGINUUT TRAINING 35-3040 JATURAL I 936-3041 3 PANILY NEALTH INTERNATIONAL *J$-3042 ; 35 PANILT PLANNING SERVICES-SAIN PINDER 58 ! 136-3043 13.3044 131-3045 36-3046 19.636 DRY 1286 1287 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED - POPULATION PLANNING PAGE 16 02/03/07 LOP LPY OF PY OP I INITIAL PINAL PLANNED G OBLIG OBLIG AUTNO -THROUGM PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES CP 89-02 -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL FOR PROGRAM -PROPOSED 798- 09LIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.499,316 1.133,106 642.018 513,905 133,515 102.003 GRANTS 100.689 135,322 1.499.316 1.133, 106 642.018 $13,905 103,069 127.251 LOANS 133,515 108,903 soo 100.639 135.322 --- 103,069 127, 251 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 1.499,816 1.133,606 642.018 513,905 133,515 108.903 GRANTS 150.699 135.322 1.499,816 1.133.606 642.018 103.068 127.251 513,905 LOANS 133,515 108,903 100,689 135.322 --- --- 153.068 127.251 --- BUR. POR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION --- 78 C 2.089 1.985 360 35 794 950 575 600 ; 98 INTEGRATED STUDIES AND SYSTES с --- --- --- 65 30 510 525 250 --- 255 150 59 25 413.291 --- --- 29.390 25,395 25.000 25.000 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 415.300 415,276 870 35 25.500 26.190 GRANTS 26.040 25.93 615.300 415.276 970 LOANS 35 26.50 26.100 26.04 25.09 67 - OSL DITUROS 15..O 2.TO 419.276 70 PRIORAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 933-0022 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 935-0085 930-0100 80 C 10 STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 935-0232 3 8 C INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPMENT 932-0662 3 UN PUNO POR POP ACTIVITIES (UNFPA) 68 C 413, 291 ADJA NO. ITLE TOTAL POR BUREAU 26.0) $70 20.5 35 415.276 GRANTS 413390 LOANS 141.512 12.10 133.56 127.199 108.33 136.95 037.398. 920,161 POR ACCOUNT TOTAL 1,699.816 1.133.606 153.056 12.109 161.512 127.19% 106.939 057.398.29.181 134,395 GRANTS 1.499.816 1.133.656 *2.0 LOANS 68 home 31. 77Y 1287 32/03/ 97 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CP 99-02 -PROS! FY & - OBLIO- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES 26,509 870 35 26.043 25,905 26.190 26.509 35 370 --- GRANTS --- 120,103 153,356 LOANS 127.193 161,512 103,933 LOANS 68 word ook - POPULATION PLANNING CENTRALLY FUNDED - STIMAT:3 FY97- 33LZ- EXPEN- ATIONS PITU235 PROGRAMI -ACTUAL FY86. OSLI - EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -THROUGH FY85- OPLIG: PIPEN- ATIONS OITURES LPY OF FY OF | INITIAL FINAL G OSLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 25.90: 25,043 25.990 415,380 415,276 TOT AL FOR BUREAU 415,390 415.276 134,395 057,398. 929,181 129, 103 153,956 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 1,499,816 1.133,606 161.512 121.198 108,933 134,355 037,398 029,181 GRANTS 1,499,816 1.133,635 wideodomofon Oberti, 31, FYhdon de 1288 1289 WOON Funding Source NEW CENTRALLY FUNDED PLANNED PROGRAM SUMMARY SHEET Title AG, RD & N Health PROPOSED OBLIGATION Demographic Data Initiatives Ita thousands of dollars) FY 1988 Life of Project Funding 2,400 Number 19,636 936-3046 Population ED. & HR Sel. Act. Initial Obligation Estimated Final Obligation Estimated Completion Date of Project 1X GRANT O LOAN CONTINUING 2.400 FY 1988 FY 1991 FY 1993 Purpose: To strengthen the capacity of less developed country (LDC) Institutions to use population and family planning data Relationship of Project to A.I.D. Strategy: An important element of A.I.D.'s population assistance strategy is the in designing, implementing and evaluating population policies provision of technical assistance to wc officials in and programs. collecting, analyzing and using Oasic population census data; Description: The Deanographic Data Initiatives (VDI) project evaluating the impact of population growtn on various development sectocs; and understanding the health and economic bullds on A.I.D.'s experience over the past two decades in assisting LDC officials in population policy development. benefits or voluntary family planning programs. The project The project consolidates demographic data collection and awareness provides this type of technical assistance to LC policymakers. raising activities supported under the Demographic Data for Development (936-3000), Resources for Awareness of Population Host Country and Other Donors: Host countries will provide appropr Late Tocal facilit Les, services and personnel where Impact on Development (RAPID II) (936-3017), and Integrated Population and Development Planning (936-3027) projects. appropriate and feasible, activities will complesent the work of other donors in the population field. The DOI project has two components: census and data support Beneficiaries: Immediate beneficiaries are staff in LDC and policy planning and dissemination. statistical offices and public and private sector policymakers and planners. Ultimate beneficiaries are recipients of The policy planning and dissemination component (RAPID III) voluntary family planning and other social and economic will strengthen the capacity of LDC policymakers and planners services initiated by informed policies and programs. III will support assistance activities in two broad to develop, implement and evaluate population policies. RAPID areas: Major Outputs All Years policy models and staff developent. The policy models will provide public and private sector policymakers and planners Policy models/applications 63 with the necessary tools for evaluating local demographic Staff development (numer trained) conditions. The staff development activities will increase Technical assistance (number of censuses) understanding of population, health and development Demographic and family planning data base relationships and will strengthen skills for evaluating the Demographic information provided (no. of requests) 300 implications of population growth on health and development. A.I.D. Financed Inputs Life of Project The census and data support component will strengthen the capability of Loc inatltutions to successfully plan and execute Census and Data Support 5,722 population censuses. Special attention will be given to Policy Planning and Dissemination 13,914 Laproving the timeliness, dissemination and use of census Total 19,630 Information. This component will also support the maintenance of centralized demographic and family planning data flles. Principal Contraeton or Agencies UL FINANCING (in thousands of dollars) Obligations Expenditure Unliquidated To be determined Through September 30, 1986 Estimated Tiscal Yea1987 Estimated througeptomten 1987 Tomate Loc CODE IZ216 192636 22400 gyrosed ICC Year 1980) AID 370 (11-es) 339-3 DUOTICSODA DIRIR itfice of Population their development plans. promotes the inclusion of population/development relationships i the effects of population on socio-economic development and (RAPID II) - Assists LDC policy makers and planners to examine 936-3017 Awareness of Population Impact on Development aformation. social science and operations research and dissemination of 936-3005 Population Council Program Supports biomedical, evaluations. and audience surveys; and carry out implementation and impact te: identify needs; design communication strategies, marketing faily planning service delivery. The project assists countries information and education programs to support LDC population and 936-3004 Population Communications Service (PCS) - Develops planning. nalysis and dissemination of data for program and project training for LDC technicians and analysts and compilation, Project activities include technical assistance, short-term greater understanding of population and development relationships. planning and other related social and economic data to promote institutions to process, evaluate and analyze demographic, family the capacity of developing country statistical and population 936-3000 Demographic Data for Development (DDD) - Strengthens integral part of LDC health and family planning programs. high-quality voluntary sterilization services available as an 932-0968 Progran for Voluntary Sterilization (AVS) - Makes charch programs. de-going activities such as maternal/child health, women's, and institutions and encourages integration of family planning into developed countries. PPIA supports mostly non-government throughout existing medical, social and welfare programs in less 1PIA) - Introduces and/or extends family planning services 932-0955 Papily Planning International Assistance Program planning personnel fron less developed countries. cipant training in the United States for key population/family 937-0651 panily Planning Worldwide Training Pund - Punds parti- population/family planning programs in developing countries. developeent, project design, implementation and evaluation of techgical expertise, goods and services to improve program 93-9502 Population Program Development and Support - Provides CENTRALLY PUNDED POPULATION PROJECTS 70 1289 CENTRALLY PUNDED POPULATION PROJECTS office of population 932-0502 Population Program Development and Support Provides technical expertise, goods and services to improve program development, project design, implementation and evaluation of population/family planning programs in developing countries. 932-0651 Family Planning Worldwide Training Fund - Funds parti- cipant training in the United States for key population/family planning personnel from less developed countries. 932-0955 Family Planning International Assistance Program (PPIA) - Introduces and/or extends family planning services throughout existing medical, social and welfare programs in less developed countries. PPIA supports mostly non-government institutions and encourages integration of family planning into on-going activities such as maternal/child health, women's, and church programs. 932-0968 Program for voluntary Sterilization (AVS) Makes high-quality voluntary sterilization services available as an integral part of LDC health and family planning programs. 936-3000 Demographic Data for Development (DDD). Strengthens the capacity of developing country statistical and population institutions to process, evaluate and analyze demographic, family planning and other related social and economic data to promote greater understanding of population and development relationships. Project activities include technical assistance, short-term training for LDC technicians and analysts and compilation, analysis and dissemination of data for program and project planning. 936-3004 Population Communications Service (PCS) Develops information and education programs to support LDC population and family planning service delivery. The project assists countries to: identify needs; design communication strategies, marketing and audience surveys; and carry out implementation and impact evaluations. 936-3005 Population council Program Supports biomedical, social science and operations research and dissemination of information. 936-3017 Awareness of population Impact on Development (RAPID II) Assists LDC policy makers and planners to examine the effects of population on socio-economic development and promotes the inclusion of population/development relationships in their development plans. 70 1291 1290 14-335 Population Policy Initiatives - Provides public and Pirate policy-nakers with assistance in developing population ces and prograns consistent with their country's development Women - and aspirations. 15-3937 extending FP Services through Women Managers Desagers provide family planning services to unserved or under- served populations in developing countries. 44-938 Fanily Planning Logistics Management- Provides recbaical assistance in commodity management and logistics nelading development of developing country capability in inven- tary control, program monitoring and product distribution. 43-3039 Management Training - Strengthens the leadership and rasagenent of developing country family planning organizations. 55-3040 Natural Panily Planning - Improves the knowledge, wailability, acceptability and effectiveness of natural family annieg in developing countries. 1 936-3018 Contraceptive Procurement - Provides funding to seet requirements for certain contraceptives to be provided through centrally-funded population/family planning programs. The project also serves as a central account for the procurement of contraceptives for A.1.D. bilateral programs. 936-3023 Demographic and Pamily Health Surveys - Conducts sample surveys of contraceptive knowledge, availability and use, and/or recent demographic levels and trends. 936-3024 Population Technical Assistance Provides short-tern technical assistance services in project design, management and evaluation of population and family planning programs. 936-3027 Integrated Population Development Planing II Strengthens the technical capabilities of local planning institu- tions to understand population development problems and incor- porate population considerations in development planning. 936-3028 Contraceptive Social Marketing - Supports the use of non-clinical contraceptives through commercial marketing and private sector distribution systems. 936-3030 Strategies for Improving Service Delivery - Initiates and tests the acceptability, accessibility and cost-effectiveness of family planing and maternal and child health (PP/MCH) service delivery systems; supports the institutionalization of operations research in PP/MCH programs in less developed countries. 936-3031 Family Planning Training for Paramedics/Auxiliaries II - Strengthens and develops the capacity of training institu- tions to design, implement and evaluate training activities for paramedical, auxiliary and community personnel in the delivery of family planning and health related services. 936-3032 Population Information Program III Provides regular reports and specialized materials on key population and health topics for use in family planning program administration and training. 936-3033 University Overseas Service Program - Provides technical expertise and services to developing countries by providing internships to beginning professionals to undertake assignments in public and private host country institutions engaged in population planning activities. 936-3034 Family Planning Enterprise - Provides technical assistance to identify the need for and to create new private sector family planning organizations and funds innovative service delivery by these organizations. 5%-3041 Paily Health International - Conducts comparative clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of various fertility astrol nethods under local conditions; trains overseas clini- cans in fertility control techniques; collects, analyzes and disseminates data findings; establishes national fertility research programs; assesses impact of fertility control methods and delivery systems and conducts epidemiologic safety studies. 15-3042 Pamily Planning Services - Pathfinder - Introduces pelantary family planning services, information and training into X areas and helps existing public and private sector family planning service systems become more effective. 41-3043 Expansion and improvement of Family Planning Prograns - Provides support for delivery and use of acceptable, affordable family planning services through established Family planning Associations throughout Latin America and the Caribbean region. - 936-3044 Contraceptive Research and Development - Provides scientific, technical and financial assistance for development of sproved methods of family planning for use in developing tuntries. 15-3045 Training in Reproductive Health Increases the milability of improved reproductive health measures and Areases the number of LDC health professionals with modern, appropriate knowledge and skills in reproductive health, especially family planning. 71 72 1291 936-3035 Population Policy Initiatives - Provides public and private policy-makers with assistance in developing population policies and programs consistent with their country's development and aspirations. 936-3037 Extending FP_Services Through Women Managers Women managers provide family planning services to unserved or under- served populations in developing countries. 936-3038 Pamily planning Logistics Management- Provides technical assistance in commodity management and logistics including development or developing country capability in inven- tory control, program monitoring and product distribution. 936-3039 Management Training - Strengthens the leadership and management of developing country family planning organizations. 936-3040 Natural Family Planning - Improves the knowledge, availability, acceptability and effectiveness of natural family planning in developing countries. 1 936-3041 Family Health International Conducts comparative clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of various fertility control methods under local conditions; trains overseas clini- cians in fertility control techniques; collects, analyzes and disseminates data findings; establishes national fertility research programs; assesses impact of fertility control methods and delivery systems and conducts epidemiologic safety studies, 936-3042 Family Planning Services Pathfinder - Introduces voluntary family planning services, information and training into LDC areas and helps existing public and private sector family planning service systems become more effective. 936-3043 Expansion and Improvement of Family Planning Programs - Provides support for delivery and use of acceptable, affordable family planning services through established Family Planning Associations throughout Latin America and the Caribbean region. c 936-3044 contraceptive Research and Development - Provides scientific, technical and financial assistance for development of improved methods of family planning for use in developing countries. 936-3045 Training in Reproductive Health Increases the availability of improved reproductive health measures and increases the number of LDC health professionals with modern, appropriate knowledge and skills in reproductive health, especially family planning. 72 1294 1295 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions ol Jollars) FY 1986 Actual FY 1987 Estimated series are comitted to improving basic health conditions because good O to advance themselves and their families. Most developing sa is a basic right and because it goes hand in hand with economic recinity . Unfortunately, LDC financial and human resources to improve FY 1988 Request 44.8* 56.6* 54.5* go ze very limited, HEALTH AND CHILD SURVIVAL OVERVIEW a's general health policy is to increase the life expectancy in the Dond to remove poor health as a barrier to economic and social rement. Since infant and child deaths comprise half of the deaths mauris in Locs, A.I.D. focuses on the reduction of infant and child Gality and morbidity as its main objective. La's specific objectives and strategies in the health sector are as 1. Redio infant and early child mortality and morbidity. The strategy the Agency uses to reduce infant mortality emphasizes increasing the mnization coverage of children; reducing diarrheal disease mrtality by the increased use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT); and ipproving nutrition in young children. The Agency's strategic plan identifies these important targets for A.I.D.'s child survival og at: Today, nearly 15 million children die each year in less developed countries (LDCs). An additional 5 million children face handicaps each year as a result of diseases that could be prevented. The Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) is committed to help change these grim statistics. To do so requires more effective and efficient dissemination of available health technologies and faster progress in developing and producing new or improved technologies. The development, adaptation, and worldwide dissemination of basic health technologies is the primary mission of the Agency's centrally-funded programs. The majority of people living in LDCs suffer from acute, recurrent, debilitating disease and are without access to an adequate diet, safe drinking water, environmental sanitation, and basic preventive and curative health services. For many, the consequence of such persistent and widespread infectious disease is death. Infant and child deaths are the greatest tragedy. In the poorest parts of some LDCs, one fourth of all children die before reaching the age of five. Every day more than 40,000 children die in LDCs from diseases that could have been prevented or cured by inexpensive treatments and simple education programs. It is estimated that about half could be saved through simple low-cost, effective health care methods such as oral rehydration, immunization, breastfeeding, or improved weaning practices. Millions more, adults and children, are weakened by acute and chronic malnutrition, diarrheas, respiratory infections, and tropical diseases such as malaria, snail fever (schistosomiasis), river blindness (onchocerciasis), sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) and cholera. For the survivors, the capacity to lead productive lives and to contribute to development is diminished. Such widespread death and illness affect all aspects of human life, depriving nations of productive human resources, burdening families with the cost of care for the sick, and depriving individuals of the opportunity and - to reduce infant mortality to less than 75/1000 live births, and · to reduce mortality to less than 10/1000 for children 1-4. 2. Ensure that the gains made in improving child survival and health ze sustained. The maintenance of child survival gains will require policy dialogue to ensure continued commitment and resources, the support and involvement of the private sector, and effective donor oordination. 3. Redive maternal mortality and morbidity. To improve maternal health, 2.1.D. will promote birth spacing, immunization, breastfeeding and improved weaning practices, pre-natal and post-natal care, and adequate maternal nutrition. 4. Develop new cost-effective technologies and improved systems for the rogans. A.I.D. will continue to support biomedical research where there are favorable prospects for early application of new cost effective technologies, especially those related to infants and children. Pocused research to develop vaccines for malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases is emphasized. Includes centrally-funded Child Survival activities funded from the Child Survival Pund account totalling $7.6 million in FY 1986; $14.0 million in PY 1987; and $14.3 million in FY 1988; and excludes centrally-funded Private and Voluntary Cooperation Health and Child Survival Pund program activities totalling $13.8 million in FY 1986; $19.0 million in PY 1987; and $13.7 million in øy 1988, 1. Support other health interventions in the LDCs where they are required. These activities include assistance for primary health care, water and sanitation, vector control, health financing, and operations research. There is also a focus on the use of modern comunication strategies to supply public health education and information. 17 AID 370-3 (883) 76 1295 motivation to advance themselves and their families. Most developing countries are committed to improving basic health conditions because good health is a basic right and because it goes hand in hand with economic productivity. Unfortunately, LDC financial and human resources to improve health are very limited. POLICY A.I.D.'s general health policy is to increase the life expectancy in the LDCs and to remove poor health as a barrier to economic and social development. Since infant and child deaths comprise half of the deaths occurring in LDCS, A.I.D. focuses on the reduction of infant and child mortality and morbidity as its main objective. A.1.D.'s specific objectives and strategies in the health sector are as follows: 1. Reduce infant and early child mortality and morbidity. The strategy the Agency uses to reduce infant mortality emphasizes increasing the immunization coverage of children; reducing diarrheal disease mortality by the increased use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT); and improving nutrition in young children. The Agency's strategic plan identifies these important targets for A.I.D.'s child survival program: to reduce infant mortality to less than 75/1000 live births, and to reduce mortality to less than 10/1000 for children 1-4. 2. Ensure that the gains made in improving child survival and health are sustained. The maintenance of child survival gains will require policy dialogue to ensure continued commitment and resources, the support and involvement of the private sector, and effective donor coordination. 10 3. Reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. To improve maternal health, A.I.D. will promote birth spacing, immunization, breastfeeding and improved weaning practices, pre-natal and post-natal care, and adequate maternal nutrition. 4. Develop new cost-effective technologies and improved systems for the programs. A.I.D. will continue to support biomedical research where there are favorable prospects for early application of new cost effective technologies, especially those related to infants and children. Focused research to develop vaccines for malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases is emphasized. 5. Support other health interventions in the LDCs where they are required. These activities include assistance for primary health care, water and sanitation, vector control, health financing, and operations research. There is also a focus on the use of modern communication strategies to supply public health education and information. 77 1293 1292 Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination 930-0022 Socio-Economic Studies and Activities - Supports research on u.s. assistance policies and programs; areas of inquiry include the role of the private and public sectors in developing countries, price policies for public sector services, criteria for allocations of food assistance, and the relationship of energy cost to debt. 930-0085 Integrated Studies and Systems Provides for compre- hensive evaluations of assistance programs in areas of significant topical interest and development expenditure and assists developing countries in their evaluation of project progress. 930-0100 WID Strategies and Resources - Facilitates the inclusion of women into A.I.D. assistance programs with technical assis- tance such as that drawn from U.S. university WID centers, and action-oriented, applied research to enhance employment and income earning opportunities for women in the developing countries. Responsible Officer: NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Burney for Science and Technology 930-0232 Information as a tool in Development - Selects, collects retrieves and transfers technical, program and project information generated by LDC institutions, PVOs, other U.S. agencies, national and international development organizations (World Bank, PAO), and A.I.D. to the developing countries; and, supports outreach programs in the LDCs with awareness journals, and technical assistance on information programs such as library and information network development. the 75 932-0662 United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) Provides multilateral assistance for the initiation and support of population programs; promotes awareness of population problems; and coordinates international population assistance efforts. HEALTH / CHILD SURVIVAL - 73 1293 HEALTH / CHILD SURVIVAL Responsible Officer: Fee Brady NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology 75 1294 1295 1 PROGRAM SUMMARY fin mullions ol Jollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1986 Actual *** Se oleme mes and their families. Most developing se to improving basic health conditions because good Escorts and because it goes hand in hand with economic Patrately, Lc financial and human resources to improve FY 1988 Request 54.5* 44.8* 56.6* HEALTH AND CHILD SURVIVAL OVERVIEW ens policy is to increase the life expectancy in the * as a barrier to economic and social to start and child deaths comprise half of the deaths 2010. focuses on the reduction of infant and child Stay as its main objective. en electives and strategies in the health sector are as 2 e no early child mortality and morbidity. The strategy * to reduce infant mortality emphasizes increasing the ELE Decage of children; reducing diarrheal disease the increased use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT); In rutrition in young children. The Agency's strategic ties these important targets for A.I.D.'s child survival Today, nearly 15 million children die each year in less developed countries (LDCS). An additional 5 million children face handicaps each year as a result of diseases that could be prevented. The Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) is committed to help change these grim statistics. TO do so requires more effective and efficient dissemination of available health technologies and faster progress in developing and producing new or improved technologies. The development, adaptation, and worldwide dissemination of basic health technologies is the primary mission of the Agency's centrally-funded programs. The majority of people living in LDCs suffer from acute, recurrent, debilitating disease and are without access to an adequate diet, safe drinking water, environmental sanitation, and basic preventive and curative health services. For many, the consequence of such persistent and widespread infectious disease is death. Infant and child deaths are the greatest tragedy. In the poorest parts of some LDCs, one fourth of all children die before reaching the age of five. Every day more than 40,000 children die in LDCs from diseases that could have been prevented or cured by inexpensive treatments and simple education programs. It is estimated that about half could be saved through simple low-cost, effective health care methods such as oral rehydration, immunization, breastfeeding, or improved weaning practices. Millions more, adults and children, are weakened by acute and chronic malnutrition, diarrheas, respiratory infections, and tropical diseases such as malaria, snail fever (schistosomiasis), river blindness (onchocerciasis), sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) and cholera. For the survivors, the capacity to lead productive lives and to contribute to development is diminished. Such widespread death and illness affect all aspects of human life, depriving nations of productive human resources, burdening families with the cost of care for the sick, and depriving individuals of the opportunity and sy reduce unfant portality to less than 75/1000 live births, and * sering mortality to less than 10/1000 for children 1-4. the galing made in improving child survival and health a Barned. The maintenance of child survival gains will require and involvement of the private sector, and effective donor de to ensure continued commitment and resources, the 2. har eternal mortality and morbidity. To improve maternal , A.1.D. will promote birth spacing, immunization, esteeding and improved Weaning practices, pre-natal and ps-iatal care, and adequate maternal nutrition. record cost-effective technologies and improved systems for the is of child survival services in primary health care there are favorable prospects for early application of new cost sas. A.I.D. will continue to support biomedical research where efective technologies, especially those related to infants and skal tren, Focused research to develop vaccines for malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases is emphasized. - Support other health interventions in the LDCs where they are gured. These activities include assistance for primary health sate, water and sanitation, vector control, health Financing, and operations research. There is also a focus on the use of modern onunication strategies to supply public health education and . Includes centrally-funded Child Survival activities 'funded from the Child Survival Pund account totalling $7.6 million in FY 1986; $14.0 million in FY 1987; and $14.3 million in PY 1988; and excludes centrally-funded Private and Voluntary Cooperation Health and Child Survival Fund program activities totalling $13.8 million in FY 1986; $19.0 million in FY 1987; and $13.7 million in by 1988, torration, AIO 370-3 (883) 76 77 1295 notivation to advance themselves and their families. Most developing countries are committed to improving basic health conditions because good health is a basic right and because it goes hand in hand with economic productivity. Unfortunately, LDC financial and human resources to improve health are very limited, POLICY A.1.D.'s general health policy is to increase the life expectancy in the LDCs and to remove poor health as a barrier to economic and social development. Since infant and child deaths comprise half of the deaths occurring in LDCS, A.I.D. focuses on the reduction of infant and child mortality and morbidity as its main objective. A.I.D.'s specific objectives and strategies in the health sector are as follows: 1. Reduce infant and early child mortality and morbidity. The strategy the Agency uses to reduce infant mortality emphasizes increasing the immunization coverage of children; reducing diarrheal disease mortality by the increased use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT); and improving nutrition in young children. The Agency's strategic plan identifies these important targets for A.I.D.'s child survival program: to reduce infant mortality to less than 75/1000 live births, and - to reduce mortality to less than 10/1000 for children l-4. 2. Erisure that the gains made in improving child survival and health are sustained. The maintenance of child survival gains will require policy dialogue to ensure continued commitment and resources, the support and involvement of the private sector, and effective donor coordination. 3. Reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. To improve maternal health, A.I.D. will promote birth spacing, immunization, breastfeeding and improved Weaning practices, pre-natal and post-natal care, and adequate maternal nutrition. 4. Develop new cost-effective technologies and improved systems for the delivery of child survival services in primary health care programs. A.I.D. will continue to support biomedical research where there are favorable prospects for early application of new cost effective technologies, especially those related to infants and children. Focused research to develop vaccines for malaria, acute respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases is emphasized. 5. Support other health interventions in the LDCs where they are required. These activities include assistance for primary health care, water and sanitation, vector control, health financing, and operations research. There is also a focus on the use of modern communication strategies to supply public health education and information. 77 1296 1297 DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRALLY-PONDED PROGRAMS ce: assists LDCs to increase imunization service delivery veliride and to improve local financing of health programs, maraqesent and training. AT PASA: uses the experience and skills of the U.S. Public jealth Service to expand basic health programs in imunization and 082 under a PASA with the Center for Disease Control. XI, itich is funded by the Child Survival Pund, plays a critical cole sarcate, catalyst, and coordinator for ORT activities in national level in 13 countries, 8 of which are A.1.D. "child survival emphasis entries.' For example, PRITECH initiated an ORT program in Bolivia that is being ipienented through a national system of mothers' clubs which will Rooide dess to 240,000 children under the age of five. PRITECH also Trides support to programs in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Binachal Pradesh to plan, implement, and monitor their ОRT and prization programs in eight project districts. HEALTH Centrally-funded health projects augment bilateral assistance to LDC governments by providing expert technical services and training, sponsoring field-oriented research, conducting data collection, implementing demonstration projects, and supporting biomedical research to isprove basic health technologies required to improve prospects for child survival. The centrally-funded program is the mainstay of A.I.D.'s innovative biomedical research initiative. Over 90% of the Agency's biomedical research portfolio is developed and managed centrally, as are the major technical contracts for the design, implementation and evaluation of a wide range of health activities including ORT, imunizations, health financing, naternai and child nutrition, malaria and other vector-borne disease control, health commodities production, health information systens, and public health communication. In addition, centrally-funded matching grants to private voluntary organizations (PVOS) which work in the health field attract additional private sector resources to address LDC health problems. 1. Technical Assistance, Training and Service Delivery for Child Survival $6.1 million in FY 1988; $8.0 million in FY 1987 CHILD SURVIVAL $11.1 million in FY 1988; $11.0 million in PY 1987 A. ORT and Immunizations: The Twin Engines In the Child Survival Action Program, immunizations and ORT receive special emphasis. The central bureaus play a key role in realizing the Agency's commitment to improve immunization coverage and expand the use of orai rehydration therapy worldwide. These field programs are having an impact . The number of CRT packets used in LDCs has risen from 90 million in 1983 to 320 million in 1986. In Bgypt, as a result of a major ESP-funded ORT program, 948 of mothers had learned of QRT by 1984 and, even more important, over half of them had used rehydration salts to treat dehydration. In December 1985, A.I.D. sponsored the second International Conference on Oral Rehydration Therapy (ICORT II). The conference brought together 1,200 participants from 100 countries to share lessons they have learned in implementing ORT programs. Such conferences and workshops have proved to be important catalysts and means for information dissemination. Technical assistance in immunization and ORT is funded by the Child Survival Pund and the health account. The Technology for Primary Health Care project promotes proven, effective technologies such as CRT and Immunizations in primary health care programs. Onder this project, three major technical assistance activities support the Agency's child survival initiative. PRITECH: assists LDCs to design, implement and evaluate ORT programs and other areas of primary health care management, training, and financing. made the reach project, 60 technical consultations in 26 countries were completed. These have included preparation for long-term involvement in munization prograas in 8 countries and technical assistance in health are financing in 5 countries. The project has completed a study on health Entenance organization (FMO) development in Indonesia. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of routine versus mass campaign imunization rogram is nearing completion in Ecuador. 1. Oild Survival Program Coordination Child Survival Action Program (CSAP) was established in 1985 in order to help the Agency achieve its health goal of reducing infant and child Krtality. The Child Survival Action Program provides a special focus and petus to enhance existing A.I.D. programs to save the lives of children. This progran is funded from both the health account and from the Child Sernival Pund, and; . Focuses on the use of ORT and immunization to improve the health of infants and children; Supports other interventions such as nutrition and birth spacing: Pocuses special efforts on "emphasis countries" where the needs are the greatest; Involves the private sector; and Coordinates with other donors. 19 1988, the Child Survival Action Program will provide funding for wmical support, information exchange, training, and research to promote aid survival. These major activities will be funded in PY 1988: • priority research to improve and develop child survival technologies including the assessment of the impact of iron and Vitamin A deficiency on morbidity and mortality and of alternative imunization strategies; and 78 79 1297 REACH: assists LDCs to increase immunization service delivery worldwide and to improve local financing of health programs, management and training. CDC PASA: uses the experience and skills of the u.s. Public Health Service to expand basic health programs in immunization and ORT under a PASA with the Center for Disease Control. PRITEXH, which is funded by the Child Survival Fund, plays a critical role as advocate, catalyst, and coordinator for ORT activities in national level programs in 13 countries, 8 of which are A.I.D. "child survival emphasis countries." For example, PRITECH initiated an ORT program in Bolivia that is being implemented through a national system of mothers' clubs which will provide access to 240,000 children under the age of five. PRITECH also provides support to programs in the Indian states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh to plan, implement, and monitor their ОRT and immunization programs in eight project districts. Under the REACH project, 60 technical consultations in 26 countries were completed. These have included preparation for long-term involvement in immunization programs in 8 countries and technical assistance in health care financing in 5 countries. The project has completed a study on health maintenance organization (HMO) development in Indonesia. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of routine versus mass campaign immunization programs is nearing completion in Ecuador. B. Child Survival Program Coordination Lii The Child Survival Action Program (CSAP) was established in 1985 in order to help the Agency achieve its health goal of reducing infant and child mortality. The Child Survival Action Program provides a special focus and impetus to enhance existing A.I.D. programs to save the lives of children. This program is funded from both the health account and from the Child Survival Fund, and; Focuses on the use of ORT and immunization to improve the health of infants and children; Supports other interventions such as nutrition and birth spacing; Focuses special efforts on "emphasis countries" where the needs are the greatest; Involves the private sector; and Coordinates with other donors, In FY 1988, the Child Survival Action Program will provide funding for technical support, information exchange, training, and research to promote child survival. These major activities will be funded in FY 1988: - priority research to improve and develop child survival technologies including the assessment of the impact of iron and Vitamin A deficiency on morbidity and mortality and of alternative immunization strategies; and 79 1298 1299 monitoring and evaluation of child survival programs using operations research and other analytical techniques. Child Survival Fellows, a program to place junior and mid-career professionals in public and private institutions engaged in child survival activities; beled to LOCs. The pair of universities conduct technical assistance razars in health which are set out in joint memoranda of understanding als). Thus far, four universities have been paired with either the sical schools or schools of public health of four HBCUS. This project espans the pool of scientific resources available to LDCs in the effort to C. Complementary Support for Child Survival Programs prove health. The Communication for Child Survival (HEALTHCOM) project, funded from the Child Survival Fund, develops and tests ways of using integrated communication channels to support widespread adoption of ORT, immunization, and other child survival technologies. Earlier work in Honduras has demonstrated how news media and simple print materials can support a large scale diarrheal disease control program carried out by health workers. in 16 months, the proportion of Honduran mothers who used ORT packets rose from 0 to 61%. Similar successes have been documented for other Latin America and Caribbean countries, as well as in LDCs in other regions of the world. II. Child Survival Research: Health Technology Development and Dissemination HEALIS $28.0 million in FY 1988; $28.0 million in FY 1987) (CHILD SURVIVAL $3.2 million in PY 1988; $3.0 million in FY 1987) through its major biomedical research support program, A.I.D. seeks to proxe technologies for prevention or control of major diseases in LDCS, particularly those that affect children. A.I.D. is giving particular attention to reducing the potential for the spread of infection by Isterilized or inadequately sterilized needles and syringes, and to proving the heat stability of vaccines and other health commodities in Tšer to reduce dependence on the cold chain. One of the most exciting elopments in this field is a one-dose disposable needle and syringe Fieloped by a U.S. company. The inexpensive devices may be thrown away Efter de. In addition, vaccines packed in the device remain potent for tree veets without refrigeration, thus eliminating the last and most expensive step in the cold chain. With central support, the first 3000 of these devices were tested last year by nurses and community health workers in Guatemala's measles vaccination program. Based on these results, A.I.D. 1 supporting the development of an improved single use injection device that vill ensure nonuseability, The MEDEX Support project uses health manpower training materials and techniques which were developed and successfully field tested by the University of Hawaii. The MEDEX group strengthens the capacity of nursing institutions to delivery primary health care services with emphasis on child survival activities through improved nursing education, supervision, and management. Major cooperative efforts with UNICEF and who are underway. The Vector Biology and Control (VBC) project provides technical assistance in the design, management, implementation, and evaluation of vector control programs. Most of the VBC effort concerns malaria, but activities in onchocerciasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis, (snail fever), dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease), and dengue fever are also being supported. The VBC project develops regional strategies for vector-borne disease control, and it has helped developed workshops and training courses in Pakistan and Burma. A PASA with the Center for Disease Control has been executed, and a grant with the World Health Organization is in effect; these will improve collaborative technical assistance to LDCs. Water and Sanitation for Health (WASH) is the primary activity through which the Agency provides funds for LDC programs in community water supply and sanitation. Of primary importance are the efforts to assist LDCs to identify economical means of financing water supply and sanitation projects; to instruct LDC personnel in the most efficient ways to operate and maintain water supply systems; to provide country specific water sanitation training individually and institutionally; and to provide services which complement child survival programs. 1, faccine Development and Testing In FY 1988, A.I.D. continues its major effort to izprove basic health technologies, with special attention to iproving vaccines for use in developing country health programs. This verk is being carried out through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the World Health Organization, the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh, and a variety of U.S. universities and research institutions. Among the szerines currently being developed and tested with A.I.D. resources are: malaria vaccines: Malaria kills an estimated 5 million people each year. In Africa alone, a million child deaths every year are associated with malaria. Over the past 20 years, A.I.D. has invested approximately $45 million in the development of vaccines against human malaria. More than half of that amount has been committed in the last four years. A.I.D.'s research has focused on anti-sporozoite and anti-red blood cell stages of the parasite and will encompass all four species of human malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malaria). The ultimate goal of this program is the development of a polyvalent vaccine. Already, A.I.D.-funded researchers have: The Joint MOUS - Health project increases the capacity of U.S. universities to provide technical assistance relating to health in LDCs. This project pairs historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) with V.S. universities th have established programs of technical assistance in 80 81 1299 health to LDCs. The pair of universities conduct technical assistance programs in health which are set out in joint memoranda of understanding (JMOUS). Thus far, four universities have been paired with either the nedical schools or schools of public health of four HBCUs. This project expands the pool of scientific resources available to LDCs in the effort to improve health. $ II. Child Survival Research: Health Technology Development and Dissemination (HEALTH $28.0 million in FY 1988; $28.0 million in FY 1987) (CHILD SURVIVAL $3.2 million in FY 1988; $3.0 million in FY 1987) Through its major biomedical research support program, A.I.D. seeks to improve technologies for prevention or control of major diseases in LDCS, particularly those that affect children. A.I.D. is giving particular attention to reducing the potential for the spread of infection by unsterilized or inadequately sterilized needles and syringes, and to improving the heat stability of vaccines and other health commodities in order to reduce dependence on the cold chain. One of the most exciting developments in this field is a one-dose disposable needle and syringe developed by a 0.S. company. The inexpensive devices may be thrown away after use. In addition, vaccines packed in the device remain potent for three weeks without refrigeration, thus eliminating the last and most expensive step in the cold chain. With central support, the first 3000 of these devices were tested last year by nurses and community health workers in Guatemala's measles vaccination program. Based on these results, A.I.D. is supporting the development of an improved single use injection device that will ensure nonuseability. A. Vaccine Development and Testing In FY 1988, A.I.D. continues its major effort to improve basic health technologies, with special attention to improving vaccines for use in developing country health programs. This work is being carried out through the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the World Health Organization, the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh, and a variety of u.s. universities and research institutions. Among the vaccines currently being developed and tested with A.1.D. resources are: malaria vaccines: Malaria kills an estimated 5 million people each year. In Africa alone, a million child deaths every year are associated with malaria. Over the past 20 years, A.I.D. has invested approximately $45 million in the development of vaccines against human malaria. More than half of that amount has been committed in the last four years. A.I.D.'s research has focused on anti-sporozoite and anti-red blood cell stages of the parasite and will encompass all four species of human malaria (P. falciparum, P. Vivax, P, ovale, P, malaria). The ultimate goal of this program is the development of a polyvalent vaccine. Already, A.I.D.-funded researchers have: 1 1 81 1300 1301 . 1) developed several prototype vaccines, one of which is currently undergoing safety and efficacy trials in human volunteers in the United States; 2) carried out investigations on new techniques to detect drug resistance in malaria parasites - a rapidly growing problem in the prevention and treatment of malaria, especially in Africa; and fluids ordinarily consumed in the home contain the essential ingredients of the formulation. Given early in the course of Cartea and in adequate amounts, such fluids have the potential for preventing dehydration in a large proportion of cases. Suitable ezidelines for administration and effective educational approaches retain to be developed. - 3) applied newly developed advances in biotechnology to identify malaria-carrying mosquitos. a measles vaccine (grown in human diploid cells rather than chick-embryo fibroblasts) that can be given to infants as young as six months. The present measles vaccine will not "take" until nine months, by which time the child may have already been infected. a vaccine for whooping cough based upon purified subcellular components which will eliminate the side effects that now discourage mothers from completing the DPT series. perations Research The PRICOR II program applies research techniques de problems of working health programs. Building on the experience ained through supporting 49 studies in this area, the research strategy DE PRIOR II is directed towards the Agency's child survival goals. a la cooperating programs, the development of a research agenda has begun can in-depth description of the major elements of the program relevant fuld survival services, including training, supervision, logistics, porting, management, evaluation, and the process of service delivery. On the basis of this systems analysis, the project staff and program officials a determine which areas of the delivery systems should receive priority research studies. The project emphasizes small-scale, rapid turnover sites that address very specific issues in service delivery. For a given iga, the project will support approximately 30 such studies over a three year period. a genetically engineered oral vaccine and an injectable vaccine for typhoid fever. Typhoid is responsible for a considerable number of deaths worldwide, and the organism has become resistant to antibiotics in several parts of the developing world. an oral vaccine for cholera, the most severe of the diarrheal diseases. Cholera affects an estimated 20-24 million adults and children worldwide. ER II also develops and evaluates tools for analyzing the delivery of rices (such as lot quality acceptance sampling, long used by industry) and the health ispact of those services. By applying a similar information-gathering strategy in several programs, the project also seeks a adentity common problems in delivering child survival services and altions that can be applied in other programs. The project also provides xchnical assistance to LDC institutions to design and carry out operations a vaccine for rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrhea in the U.S. as well as in the Third World. a new vaccine against leprosy. Currently a killed mycobacterial vaccine of M. leprae is undergoing field trials in Malawi and Venezuela. Genetic engineering techniques are now being used to develop a second generation of vaccine based on specific antigens. 2. Irgoved Diagnostics Improving the speed and accuracy of disease unosis in developing countries is essential, not only for more efficient ed effective patient therapy, but also for improved disease surveillance the community level. Correct diagnosis can reduce morbidity and mortality, reduce the vaste of expensive drugs, and minimize the development of drug resistance associated with inappropriate treatment. group B streptococcus vaccines, which may protect against fetal wastage, intrauterine infections, and low birth-weight. streptoccocus pneumoniae, an acknowledged leading cause of death from pneumonia in infants and young children in developing countries. B. Oral Rehydration Solutions Appropriately used, the current who formula for oral rehydration is highly effective. For certain situations, however, alternative formulations may be preferable. Solutions based on complex carbohydrates, such as rice or maize powder, appear to be as effective as the who formula, but have the added benefit of substantially reducing the volume of diarrheal fluid losses. • Rapid diagnosis of the causative agents of the episodic, large-scale outbreaks of diseases that occur in the developing world can contribute to the early initiation of specific preventive and curative programs. IN 1985, A.I.D. launched a program to make available appropriate dagnostic tests for field use in developing countries. The program is gering special attention to developing diagnostics for those diseases which currently take a large toll in terms of death and disability in the developing world – malaria, diarrheal diseases, typhoid, and acute respiratory diseases. 82 83 1301 Many fluids ordinarily consumed in the home contain the essential ingredients of the WHO formulation. Given early in the course of diarrhea and in adequate amounts, such fluids have the potential for preventing dehydration in a large proportion of cases, Suitable guidelines for administration and effective educational approaches remain to be developed. C. Operations Research The PRICOR II program applies research techniques to the problems of working health programs. Building on the experience gained through supporting 49 studies in this area, the research strategy under PRICOR II is directed towards the Agency's child survival goals. In 12 cooperating programs, the development of a research agenda has begun with an in-depth description of the major elements of the program relevant to child survival services, including training, supervision, logistics, reporting, management, evaluation, and the process of service delivery. On the basis of this systems analysis, the project staff and program officials will determine which areas of the delivery systems should receive priority for research studies. The project emphasizes small-scale, rapid turnover studies that address very specific issues in service delivery. For a given program, the project will support approximately 30 such studies over a three year period. PRICOR II also develops and evaluates tools for analyzing the delivery of services (such as lot quality acceptance sampling, long used by industry) and the health impact of those services. By applying a similar information-gathering strategy in several programs, the project also seeks to identify common problems in delivering child survival services and solutions that can be applied in other programs. The project also provides technical assistance to LDC institutions to design and carry out operations research. D: Improved Diagnostics Improving the speed and accuracy of disease diagnosis in developing countries is essential, not only for more efficient and effective patient therapy, but also for improved disease surveillance at the community level. Correct diagnosis can reduce morbidity and mortality, reduce the waste of expensive drugs, and minimize the development of drug resistance associated with inappropriate treatment. Rapid diagnosis of the causative agents of the episodic, large-scale outbreaks of diseases that occur in the developing world can contribute to the early initiation of specific preventive and curative programs. In FY 1985, A.I.D. launched a program to make available appropriate diagnostic tests for field use in developing countries. The program is giving special attention to developing diagnostics for those diseases which currently take a large toll in terms of death and disability in the developing world - malaria, diarrheal diseases, typhoid, and acute respiratory diseases. 83 1303 1302 Some of these diagnostic programs are: - A highly specific DNA probe for malaria which can detect parasitenia levels as low as 0.00018; ratico of malaria and a common virus in Africa which causes childhood ser. A research team has also reported good progress in using tissue care methods of growing human skin in the treatment of sickle cell vers in Africa. Although the treatment was developed for burn victims, une applied research it is being adapted to problems that are common to - A non-radioactive method to detect extremely low levels of Plasmodium vivax in recurrent malaria; and A rapid field assay for both cholera toxin and hepatitis B antigens. Through its ongoing support to the WHO Diarrheal Disease Control Program and to the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh, A.I.D. is supporting a broad research effort to address the need for oral solutions to complement the WHO formula. E. Iron Deficiency Nutritional anemia, the most widespread of the nutrient deficiencies, is being combatted by research and development work under the iron deficiency program. Research is being conducted principally on improved iron supplementation delivery and on overcoming inhibitors to iron absorption. Iron deficiency control activities are funded by both the health account and the Child Survival Fund. In addition to assisting in the development of a new vaccine ex leprosy, A.I.D. is also providing support for field trials of a new al treatment for the control of leprosy. This treatment involves a Alti-tag therapy using rifampicin, clofazimin, and dapsone. Among the rectives of the therapy are to cure leprosy patients and prevent istility and handicap, to interrupt the chain of leprosy transmission, to unter the prevalence of leprosy, and to prevent the emergence of drug 8- The Global Pandemic: Since its first recognition in the United sie in $1, the AIDS epidemic has been recognized on all continents and mited the level of a widespread pandemic. It is estimated that 5 to 10 blir persons have been infected worldwide. Unless effective prevention se control measures can be undertaken immediately, WHO estimates that, cu 5 years, 50 to 100 million persons will have been infected by the 5 F. Maternal and Infant Diet This program promotes breastfeeding and improved weaning practices as major ways to enhance child survival and is funded from both the health account and the Child Survival Fund. Teans of medical teaching professionals are trained in lactation management." Research and development on effective weaning methods are built into nutritional education programs which also focus on growth monitoring and promotion. Research is also being done on the management of diarrheal disease in children by dietary methods. This includes the continued feeding of children during acute episodes of diarrhea and follow-up feeding so that affected children can catch up with the growth pattern of their age group. Improving the nutritional health of expectant mothers is also receiving increased attention as a way to overcome the problem of low birth-weight, a condition associated with a high risk for dying. the Agency's efforts against the AIDS pandemic have focused on ning of the "HO AIDS surveillance, prevention, and control program. 11.D. provided iHo $2 million for AIDS control in FY 86 and has chosen to a strong supportive role in the development of the WHO AIDS program. Eplays a central, neutral coordinating role in all countries affected by bat epidemic. WHO has recently indicated that it intends to greatly Krease the size of its program. The continuing growth of the AIDS Zenic in LDCs suggests that A.I.D. will need to expand its efforts. III. Other Important Activities (HEALTH - $4.0 million in FY 1988; $4.5 million in FY 1987) HBCU Research Grants: This program involves scientists from U.S. historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in research on health and child survival problems in LDCs. This project funds research grants to examine specific problems which can be investigated in grants of $100,000 or less. In FY 1988, about ten grants will be awarded. Significant research results have already been achieved. Our fundamental understanding of Amebiasis, a major source of childhood diarrhea, has been advanced by a study of the way the parasite involved attaches itself to human cells. In a related study, new information on the role of the intestinal mucous blanket in diarrhea and in the absorption of oral replacement fluids has been developed. Significant laboratory studies have been made of the 85 84 1803 interaction of malaria and a common virus in Africa which causes childhood cancer. A research team has also reported good progress in using tissue culture methods of growing human skin in the treatment of sickle cell ulcers in Africa. Although the treatment was developed for burn victims, through applied research it is being adapted to problems that are common to the LDCS. Leprosy: In addition to assisting in the development of a new vaccine against leprosy, A.1.D. is also providing support for field trials of a new medical treatment for the control of leprosy. This treatment involves a multi-drug therapy using rifampicin, clofazimin, and dapsone. Among the objectives of the therapy are to cure leprosy patients and prevent disability and handicap, to interrupt the chain of leprosy transmission, to lower the prevalence of leprosy, and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. AIDS The Global Pandemic: Since its first recognition in the United States in 1981, the AIDS epidemic has been recognized on all continents and reached the level of a widespread pandemic. It is estimated that 5 to 10 million persons have been infected worldwide. Unless effective prevention and control measures can be undertaken immediately, who estimates that, within 5 years, 50 to 100 million persons will have been infected by the virus. Today, the Agency's efforts against the AIDS pandemic have focused on funding of the WHO AIDS surveillance, prevention, and control program. A.I.D. provided WHO $2 million for AIDS control in FY 86 and has chosen to play a strong supportive role in the development of the WHO AIDS program. WHO plays a central, neutral coordinating role in all countries affected by the epidemic. WHO has recently indicated that it intends to greatly increase the size of its program. The continuing growth of the AIDS pandemic in LDCs suggests that A.I.D. will need to expand its efforts, 85 1304 1305 SUNSART JP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY PUNDED • M!ALTH PASE 02/03/17 . LPY CIFY OR I INITIAL INAL GOBLIG OBLI: LOP PLANNID AUTMO -IMROUGM PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES C 91-02 -91180 -ACTUAL FY36- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES IJREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY .ESTINAT! Py37- JOLIG ATIONS DITURIS -51160 -PROPOSED Y39- ! XDEN ATIONS DITURES 75 3,682 725 26905 475 --- 65 --- 185 --- --- 76 6 SUTRITIONS IRON DEFICIENCY NG SUPPORT 2.300 475 OSO 300 200 275 100 175 --- 25 . 7? 95 13,513 16.227 6,043 6,962 930 665 1.575 1.350 1,950 1.300 07 3.500 2.000 --- --- 525 . 175 535 400 690 79 91 500 --- ... --- : COS 360 -.. 160 77 C 700 615 325 329 325 325 352 330 TOTAL POR PROGRA 20.300 22.07 3.033 6,352 2.000 1.325 2.0 2.980 2.700 GRANTS 2.295 20.500 22.174 3.033 6.352 2.000 LOANS 1.325 2.675 2.99 כ2,70 2.235 SCS CS 35.296 9.500 10.000 12.COD 9.00 10.000 --- .-- 200 75 125 1.60 CO- ZO.O 90 CO 0. 2.00 500 22.300 600 CO. Ос. CO. OO G $1 NEAL IN DEVELOPNENT PLANNING 100 3.752 6.621 4.921 S. 230 2.400 2.000 OOSZ 2.000 3.00 1.600 6.169 .240 LS 66 9. SS3 9.553 20 1.500 1.350 5.767 6.200 4.260 10.100 3.500 3.675 06 63 44,700 42.000 3.900 3.500 3,266 3.550 2.555 4.675 200 COZ CS2 13.025 14.025 60 OCZ CSI 200 300 100 COS 500 1.100 94 . 1.000 754 500 1.626 2.482 2.00 1.750 2.30 6.605 6,600 97 83 1.500 625 564 --- Soo 790 11.000 10.000 G 85 ככ1,0 1.979 750 2.250 1.100 600 4.219 OG OCS 1.300 7.300 445 3 1.240 800 1.998 2.500 3.00 3,298 3.000 3.000 87 2.500 3.084 2.736 2.721 3.930 1.200 1.000 19.700 1,700 1.400 39 1.000 1.314 --- 629 5.630 1.430 6.000 1,500 1.S03 2,700 1.500 34 1.266 600 120 2.250 19.390 19,830 16 S6 G VECTOR IIOLOGY AND CONTROL INVI9C1 POJECT NO. AND TITLE OPPICE OP NUTRITION 031-0045 NUTRITION VITANIN A DEPICIENCY PRG SPPT 31-0227 931-1010 NUTRITION: IMPRV OP JATERNAL/INFANT DILT 931-1064 3 NUTRITION: SURVEYS AND SURVEILLANCE 931-1065 3 NUTRITIONS EDUCATION PIILO SUPORT 931-111 : NUTRITIONE MEAL TN SYSTINS RSSA OPPICI OP MLALTN i 75 99 3.000 75. 112 31-0453 SALARIA INMUNITY VACCINATION RESEARCN 31-1010 :ONNUNICATION POR CNILD SURVIVAL 3 78 0 12.300 12.900 ACTO 31-112. TROPICAL DISEASE SESEARCN 36-3023 JENOGRAP1IC AND PANILY MEALIN SURVEYS 936-3901 0265-956 PRINARY NEALTM CARE-OPERATIONS RESEARCM 933-5927 3 TECHNOLOGY POR PNC 936-5923 3 DIARRHEAL DISEASE RESEARCH 36-5929 3 MNS RESOURCE SUPPORT 936-5932 SEDEK SUPPORT 936-3935 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 936-5939 ORT-NELP 0965-956 3 PEDIATRI: CHRONIC DIARRMSAL DISEASE 36-5942 WATER AND SANITATION POR TEALTH II 6 36-5947 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTN RESEARCN 936-5948 87 1305 SUMMARY OP ACTIVe ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS 02/03/97 CP $8-02 - HEALTH PY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86 OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES ESTIMATED 787- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSeo V8 - OOLI - OXIN- ATIONS DITUSES 20,300 2.500 1.605 22.330 2.500 2.53 1.509 2.50? 90 43.300 32.390 2.625 2.625 500 500 SO 50 500 603 600 5 13 TROPICAL DISEASE RESEARCH 936-3023 DEMOGRAPHIC AND PAMILY MEAL TM SURVEYS 234 6.821 3.752 965 100 81 G WEALTN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 6.921 5.250 2.000 2.500 2.000 2.900 1.600 9,260 3.009 6. 169 3 91 39 MINARY MEALTM CARL-OPERATIONS RESEARCH 19.553 19.553 204 3.350 1,500 4,200 5,967 6,260 10.300 3 90 83 44,700 40.000 3.675 3.900 3.500 3.500 3,246 3.550 2.555 4.675 86 99 6 DIARRME AL DISEASE RESEARCM 13.025 16.025 209 255 200 153 200 100 200 300 94 3 503 1.100 S00 754 1.000 500 1,624 2.4.2 83 37 6.603 6.000 2. JO 1.500 2.009 586 1.750 625 500 --- 750 כככ,1 750 1. 100 1,979 4.219 2.250 ; 84 91 1.500 7.300 SCO 500 530 800 2.500 3.00) 3.000 ככ2,5 2.736 2,721 3.084 ... 629 1.314 1.000 1.400 1,009 5.430 5 84 88 1,430 6.000 1,500 1,500 2.700 120 600 2.250 1,500 1.266 96 G VECTOR SIDLOGY AND CONTROL 19.390 17,830 87 c. *ON PROGRAMI CENTRALLY PUNDED PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE 931-1126 936-5901 935-5920 935-5927 TECHNOLOGY FOR PMC 936-5926 36-5929 WMS RESOURCE SUPPORT 956-5932 SEDEX SUPPORT 351 936-5935 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPRENT 11.000 10,000 936-5939 ORT-NELP 1.248 1.908 84 87 936-5940 PEDIATRI: CHRONIC DIARRMSAL OISEASE 1.299 3.000 3.930 936-5942 ATER AND SANITATION FOR HEALIN II 19.700 17,700 1,200 936-5947 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND LALIK RESEARCH 936-5966 . ! 1306 1307 PRIGRAN: SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED - MEALTH PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . PAGE 20 02/03/87 LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -TMROUGM PYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES CP 33-02 -ACTUAL FY85- OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 89 -ESTIMATS FY87- IBLIS. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYS3- -91760 2.200 2.280 2.200 -NdaXs 372 320 ATIONS DITURES 935-5950 : 35 ASIA/PACIFIC PUB MEAL TM NGNT PROG 936-5951 G 35 CHILD SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRAY SUPPORT 99 450 --- 7.000 3.750 2.1 1.000 35 1.017 246 1.250 100 995 85 2.300 06 936-5952 APPLIED DIARRHEAL DISEASE RESEARCH 12.500 12,500 652 --- SSO 427 1,500 1.100 1.500 9 936-5953 SUPPLY PROMOTION AND PRODUCTION OF ORT 2,200 C6 S6 2.973 1.973 1.973 ... --- --- 750 . --- 935-3954 35 MORE MOUSE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 35 700 268 Los 897 SO 197 936-595 AMERICARES 95 95 OS 805 300 --- OC8 ០ 25 --- 353 --- --- --- G 86 85 163 425 425 --- 259 425 425 --- --- 3 36 95 3.000 1.150 1.141 35 ככ1,0 3 37 87 945 5.000 1.000 1.100 --- --- --- --- 2.000 3 37 300 26 2.500 3.000 530 1.125 --- --- OS 3 37 92 2.000 --- --- --- CCS 260 260 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 346,127 295.620 133.653 82.506 31.842 37.093 34,825 42.597 32.39 GRANTS 346.127 295.620 130.653 82.006 31.842 LOANS 37.093 34.325 42.97 32.39 " OPPICE OF POPULATION : ...SO: 9. --- 16 ..IO .. 1. 1.300 GEEL ..O ..SO . 32-0.0. TRAINING NEALT IN REPRODUCTIVE OSE 3.000 1.3 SO TOTAL PO PROGRA 4.350 3.000 GRANTS LOANS Orice OP RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY RELATIO 100 95 15n 200 3 9. с 1.145 1.030 1.046 SOS S 1.129 1.101 266 1.034 --- c ICS 416 527 432 --- 999 465 3 MICU RESEARCH GRANTS 939-3035 TECHNICAL ADVISORY SUPPORT SERVICES 35 2.500 1.164 1.165 1.272 1.203 1.272 OSO 910 1.040 75 35 C 3 9 58 2. 690 ככ3,0 2.050 3.000 1.673 2.928 339 2.559 3.003 2.599 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 2.500 1.164 1.673 3.000 2 2.50 339 2.928 2.559 --- GRANTS 2.500 1.166 LOANS --- --- 102 2 ? --- 67 --- 64 72 C --- G --- --- 1.000 500 --- --- 1.500 97 1.500 1.500 G 35 AID/PEACE CORPS SMALL PROJECT ASST 935-5938 NILWAUKEE INT'L MEALTM TRAINING CENTER 935-5965 AIDS PROGRAM 2965-556 MALARIA PIELD TRIALS 8965-986 HEALTML INK 11 935-5970 MS DETAILS 935-5052 PROJECT REVIEW 935-5053 935-5057 JOINT NOUS-HEALIN PROGRAN OPPICE 936-1606 PROGRAN DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 936-1421 89 PARE 1307 PAGE 21 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CP 86-02 -PROPOSED PY88- OULIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINAT!! #737- SLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURIS -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.350 --- --- 1.350 1.350 --- --- 157 1 sn 100 OPICE OF RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY RELATIO 95 290 --- --- 1.145 1.030 3 1.101 1.046 583 1.129 1.054 264 416 376 3 C 527 501 599 432 --- 465 35 8? 2.500 1.164 1.272 1.165 3 TECNNICAL ADVISORT SUPPORT SERVICES 1.272 1.203 636 910 75 1.040 3 85 C :: 3.09 2.699 2.850 3.000 1,673 2.928 339 3.000 2.509 2.950 3.000 1.673 2.926 339 --- --- --- --- 102 67 27 --- 72 ... --- 1.000 CO. 500 --- --- 1.500 37 1.500 1,500 G 55 110/PEACE CORPS SMALL PROJECT ASST 89 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - NEALTM PROJECT NO. L Y OP SY OF AND TITLE INITIAL PINAL G OULIG OBLIG -TNROUGN FYS- OBLIG- EIDEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNED AUTHO 4.350 3.000 7.650 1.650 932-0604 TRAINING IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4.350 3.000 TOTAL FOR PROGRA 7.650 1,650 4.350 3.000 GRANTS 7,650 1.650 LOANS 935-5052 PROJECT REVIEN 935-5053 MBCU RESEARCH GRANTS 935-5055 935-3057 JOINT NOUS-HEALTM 2.500 2.559 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 2.559 GRANTS 2.500 1.164 LOANS PROGRAN OFFICE 936-1406 G PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 936-1421 audio moto 31, 10th FYdutobud Non 1308 1309 PROGRAM: SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED • HEALTH PAGE 22 02/03/87 CP 83-02 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIO- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES 67 529 1,192 67 529 DOO 1,102 --- TOTAL FOR BUREAU 39.099 GRANTS 43,633 --- --- --- BUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 79 C 11 1.111 1.031 374 90 520 350 539 SO с --- 144 75 130 --- --- 100 C 253 200 300 150 250 300 SSC --- --- --- 700 500 700 500 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 1.111 1.031 374 85 ..055 1.975 2.100 1.530 GRANTS 1.111 1.031 374 2.055 1.375 2.100 LOANS 1: 1.500 2.0 2.100 1.00 TOTAL POR OUREAU 1.111 37. 1.031 GRANTS 40.19 2.555 50.04 LOANS 37.211 42.030 148,270 92.72 40.19 9004 "S. 378.277 328.808 ACCOUNT 62.555 62.030 TOTAL POR 92.728 37.211 148.270 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY CEFY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTM -THROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 1.500 1.500 1.564 GRANTS 1.500 1.500 1.566 LOANS 378,277 328.808 147.159 91,697 36,837 41.970 40.500 49,529 373,277 328.808 147,159 91.697 36937 41,773 LOANS 60.500 49.52 38,099 43.633 930-0022 G SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 930-0085 3 87 INTEGRATED STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 935-0100 87 110 STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 37 C 935-0232 G INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPMENT 930-0600 PEACE CORPS GRANTS 375.277 328.00 LOANS 91 hord 91, when om 1309 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 23 02/03/97 CP 88-02 -ACTUAL FY86- OOLIG- & XP EN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITUROS -PROPOSE FY88- OBLIG- EXEN- AT IONS DITURES 374 2.055 1.375 2.100 1,500 374 33 2.055 1.375 2.100 1.500 --- O. 42.050 42.555 50,04 60.199 45,133 O --- --- ( PROGRAMS CENTRALLY PUNDED - HEALTH PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . L FY OF PY OF | INITIAL FINAL G ODLI: OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGM PY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES TOTAL FOR BUREAU 1.111 1.031 GRANTS 1.111 1,031 LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 378.277 328.808 148,270 92,728 37,211 42.050 62.555 50,704 40,199 65.133 GRANTS 373,277 328.808 148, 270 92.728 37,211 LOANS --- O. homoto 91 Guiden Anh chwil obtien dute before Dur 31.10 bed on the thorized dote Pedodd De 31,1 PYfn option to bud .pdate 1311 PROGRAM: SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED - CHILD SURVIVAL FUND PAGE 24 02/03787 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLI: OBLIG CP 88-02 LOP PLANN!0 AUTHD -TMROUGH FY8S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED FY37- OLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -PROPOSED CY88- OSLID- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES OFFICE OF NUTRITION 8? 931-0227 G NUTRITION: IRON DEFICIENCY PRG SUPPORT 2.000 --- --- --- --- 700 450 350 450 6 79 88 931-1010 NUTRITION: INPRV OP SATERNALIINPANT SIET 1.450 --- --- --- --- 300 450 650 930 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 3,450 ... --- 1.500 900 1.000 1.430 GRANTS 3,450 LOANS 1,500 900 1.000 1.430 OPPICE OF MEALIN 1310 3 78 931-1016 COMMUNICATION FOR CHILD SURVIVAL כי 7.000 7.000 ... --- 1.500 11 2.000 700 1,546 800 935-5927 TECHNOLOGY FOR PMC 3 83 93 10.000 4.700 2.700 13 4.53 3,95 2.530 2.300 936-5928 DIARRNEAL DISEASE RESEARCH 94 2.530 6.000 1.050 --- --- 500 --- 650 G 95 91 936-5935 DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 875 1.875 --- 875 .. 550 175 935-5939 ORT-NELP 91 2.000 2.000 --- --- --- --- --- 752 500 JP 935-3951 . 55 CHILD SURVIVAL ACTION PROGRA SUPPORT 5.000 3.750 1.065 30 550 815 1.000 1.000 1.255 600 35 PO 935- S2 APPLIED DIARRHEAL DISEASE RESEARCN 1.000 1.950 --- SO 15 --- 430 .00 9) JELO: מכיי כש 90 à.000 1.00 כככו 700 2.500 1.000 7 3.00 1.300 36-333 SUPPLY PROMOTION AND PRODUCTION OF ORT 936-3966 PERINATAL MEALTM 935-5968 MEALTHLINK 11 350 2.500 2.50 87 92 500 SSO 69-533 0 - 87 - 42 230 12.590 SO 57 9 12.31 ..575 2.000 936-5969 TECNNOL OSY POR PM II 936-5970 PNS DETAILS 22 7.880 12.09 7.623 9.575 30 12.951 1.05 7.180 4,375 28,275 947 12.03 --- TOTAL FOR PRO SRAN 30 7.625 1.065 47.875 28,275 --- GRANTS 432 300 LOANS 200 505 . --- --- --- --- OPPICE OF POPULATION 300 1.500 432 200 34 99 5 SEMOCRAPHIC AND FAMILY WEALT --- 432 935-3023 30. 250 503 SURVEYS 1.500 TOTAL FOR PROSRA 1.500 GRANTS 14.333 10.305 ככ14,0 0.990 LOANS 7.625 14.333 30 10.05 1.065 14.000 3.990 847 54,825 23. 275 7.625 --- 30 --- TOTAL FOR SUR LAU 1.065 54,825 23,275 GRANTS LOANS 93 m. d 1311 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 25 02/03/7 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - CHILD SURVIVAL FUND CP 5-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE FY OP SY 0. 1 INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANN! AUTH -THROUGH PY85 OLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OOLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINAT! FY97- DOLID EXPEN- 4TIONS PITUUS -OS! 075- OPLIT- ATIONS ITURAS 400 OOO . 752 503 100 3 69-533 О - 87 - 42 35 2.000 2.000 936-5953 SUPPLY PROMOTION AND PRODUCTION OF ORT 936-5966 PERINATAL HEALTM 1.000 כני,1 330 6 37 87 2.500 1.000 כככ,1 700 G 37 92 2.500 935-5968 MEALTHLINK II 2.50 950 3.903 1,300 37 --- --- --- 95 12.500 936-5969 TECHNOLOGY FOR PMS II --- --- 503 --- 210 500 350 6 87 2.000 92 936-5970 PMS DETAILS 12,901 12.000 7,880 8.575 30 7,625 TOTAL FOR PRIORAN 1.065 49,375 28,275 847 12.931 7,230 8.575 12.000 1.055 7.625 30 GRANTS 47,375 28,275 --- --- --- LOANS --- OFFICE OF POPULATION ... --- 500 432 --- - .. 200 390 1.500 33 935-3023 3 34 DEMOGRAPHIC AND FAMILY HEALTH SURVEYS a 1.500 --- --- 300 SO 432 --- 200 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 502 200 432 309 GRANTS 1.500 OOO LOANS TOTAL FOR SUREAU 1.065 7.625 30 10.305 14.000 14.333 8790 54.325 23,275 GRANTS 1.065 30 7,625 847 14.000 3.990 10.05 14,333 54,825 23,275 LOANS --- --- .. 93 -M on the word dieto Montened 1312 1313 CENTRALLY PONDED HEALTH PROJECTS 42"*°1916 02703737 CP 98-02 * Butrition 1,442 1,642 1,662 1.442 1,442 -PROPOSED FY! - -NjX; -91790 11,767 11,747 ATIONS OXTURES 135 Butrition: Vitamin A Deficiency Program Support 23 developing countries to implement programs for the son of nutritional blindness in children. 1 : 16,333 16,333 OCCO 5.000 5.000 5.000 COCOS C661 13,980 -ESTINATIJ FY37- 33L1j. EIPEN ATIONS DITURES 2 sutrition: Iron Deficiency Program Support - Assists 13.10.ng countries to design and implement programs for rating iron deficiency anemia. :10 Nutrition: Improvement of Maternal and Infant Diet - Lits developing countries in designing, testing and imple- ning prograns to promote breastfeeding, improve weaning tites and good diet among pregnant and nursing women. .:.564 Butrition: Surveys and Surveillance - Develops appro- m.le methodologies in order to assist developing countries 9.a aad laplement nutrition surveys and nutritional surveil- CCC 0001 1.05! 1,959 1,053 1.053 1.353 1.905 1,905 sistens. DITURES - ACTUAL FY86 OBLI:- EXPEN- ATIONS . 1 1 1 7,625 7.625 *5 Nutrition; Education Field Support - Improves the sonal status of malnourished people in developing countries high nore effective nutrition education. .:. Nutrition: Health Systems RSSA Assists developing es to integrate nutrition components into primary health 30 : SUNARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 30 2 delivery programs. THROUGH FYS- -N3X3 -91750 ATIONS OITURES 7.500 1.500 5958 3,565 a. :: S26 ?5275 56,825 23,275 CENTRALLY FUNDED - CMILO SURVIVAL FUND LOR FINAL PLANNED • LFY OF PY OF G09LIG DELIG AUTHD 58 ce of Health -5453 Malaria Immunity & Vaccination Research - Supports statory research at institutions which are collaborating on development and testing of a vaccine against human malaria. 1-2018 Communication For Child Survival - Develops and tests 4 of using integrated communication channels to support wides- med adoption of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunization, sd other child survival technologies. -3.26 Tropical Disease Research Program - Provides the United tes annual contribution which, along with contributions of *** than 30 other donors, supports the World Health ization's Special Program for Research and Training in GRANTS LOANS GRANTS LOANS GRANTS LOANS SUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION TOTAL FOR PROGRA TOTAL FOR BUREAU TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT spical Diseases (TDR). UN CHILDRENS FUND 935-0700 ed PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 95 1313 CENTRALLY FUNDED HEALTH PROJECTS Office of Nutrition 931-0045 Nutrition: Vitamin A Deficiency Program Support Assists developing countries to implement programs for the prevention of nutritional blindness in children. 931-0227 Nutrition: Iron Deficiency Program Support Assists developing countries to design and implement programs for alleviating iron deficiency anemia. 931-1010 Nutrition: Improvement of Maternal and Infant Diet Assists developing countries in designing, testing and imple- menting programs to promote breastfeeding, improve weaning practices and good diet among pregnant and nursing women. 931-1064 Nutrition: Surveys and Surveillance - Develops appro- priate methodologies in order to assist developing countries design and implement nutrition surveys and nutritional surveil- lance systems. 931-1065 Nutrition: Education Field Support Improves the nutritional status of malnourished people in developing countries through more effective nutrition education, 931-1198 Nutrition: Health Systems RSSA Assists developing countries to integrate nutrition components into primary health care delivery programs. Office of Health 931-0453 Malaria Immunity & Vaccination Research Supports laboratory research at institutions which are collaborating on the development and testing of a vaccine against human malaria. 931-1018 Communication For Child Survival - Develops and tests ways of using integrated communication channels to support wides- pread adoption of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunization, and other child survival technologies. 931-1126 Tropical Disease Research Program Provides the United States annual contribution which, along with contributions of more than 30 other donors, supports the World Health Organization's Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). 95 1315 1314 931-5942 water supply and Sanitation Health - Supports host daptation and transfer, training, and technical assistance. A sub-activity will provide funding for an international water and sanitation conference in 1987, developeene or meer - 936-3023 Family Health and Demographic Surveys Supports the collection and analysis of family health and demographic data for improved program design, management and evaluation. 936-5901 Health Development Planning - Strengthens the institu- tional capacity for health management training, operational research, and technical assistance in Indonesia and the Caribbean. 936-5920 Primary Health Care Operations Research - In selected programs, uses a standardized systems analysis methodology to identify the most important shortcomings in the delivery of basic health services, and then address these areas through a series of operations research studies. 936-5927 Technology for Primary Health Care - Provides training, management, logistics, information services, health financing and limited commodities to less developed country health care pro- grams to help them incorporate proven technologies such as oral rehydration therapy or immunizations into their health care delivery systems. and Health Research - Supports 18-5947 Vaccine Derved vaccines Wich will reduce the new and incidence of major preventable diseases in developing countries. 136-5948 Vector Biology & Control Enables less developed countries to control the spread of certain diseases by providing igrative techniques and strategies for attacking the vectors at transmit those diseases. 4-5950 Asia/Pacific Public Health Program Management sirengthens national strategies for primary health care in the sia and Pacific Basin nations through cooperative action of kadenic institutions in the region. 25-5951 Child Survival Action Support Program Support - Apports research and training activities in biomedical technology and health services management, 14-5952 Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Supports field research in developing countries aimed at Tmproving the design and managenent of diarrheal disease control programs and coordinates A.I.D.'s diarrheal disease research. 93-5965 AIDS Poction strategy AA - Develops a health education risk enrough public health communication in deeloping countries and finances the development and pienentation of the World Health Organization's global AIDS retention and control program. 936-5928 Diarrheal Disease Research Supports the two major international organizations involved in diarrheal disease research and training, the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh (ICDDR/B), and the World Health Organization's Control of Diarrheal Disease (CDD) Program. 936-5929 Health and Human Services Resource Support - Provides less developed country health planners and managers with short-term expert technical assistance from the United States Public Health Service agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control, the National Institutes of Health, and the National Center for Health Statistics. 936-5932 MEDEX Support - Provides technical assistance for training of village and middle level paramedical health workers and managers in low cost health delivery systems. 936-5935 Diagnostic Technology Development - Develops and disseminates techniques for quick and reliable diagnosis of tropical diseases at the community level for use in primary health care programs. 936-5939 Oral Rehydration Therapy - Health Education and Long Term Planning (ORT-HELP) - Provides less developed country leaders with information and technical assistance to help then make oral rehydration therapy (ORT) more widely available in their countries. 931-5967 Malaria Pield Trials - Provides funding to launch the teld testing of prototype vaccines developed under the Malaria munity and Vaccination Research Program 1936-0453). 135-5968 Healthlink II - Provides funding for an innovative paran to Transter health and child survival technologies to 35. The project gives priority to immunizations, including the dere opeent of a non-reuseable, one-dose injection device. This roject will make child survival technologies more widely sullable and help reduce the potential for the spread of Section by unsterilized or inadequately sterilized needles and 23ges. 936-5940 Pediatric Chronic diarrheal Di ase Supports training of less developed country physicians so that they may improve their knowledge about chronic diarrheas. 44-5970 PAS Details - Provides funding for the detail of PHS staff to enhance the ability to plan, implement and evaluate child survival programs in LDCS. 96 97 1315 for A ted SC of - End . 936-5942 Water Supply and Sanitation for Health - Supports host country water supply and sanitation programs with technology adaptation and transfer, training, and technical assistance. sub-activity will provide funding for an international water and sanitation conference in 1987. 936-5947 Vaccine Development and Health Research - Supports, development of new and improved vaccines which will reduce the incidence of major preventable diseases in developing countries. 936-5948 Vector Biology & Control Enables less developed countries to contror the spread of certain diseases by providing innovative techniques and strategies for attacking the vectors that transmit those diseases. 936-5950 Asia/Pacific Public Health Management Program strengthens national strategies for primary health care in the Asian and Pacific Basin nations through cooperative action of academic institutions in the region. 936-5951 Child Survival Action Support Program Support Supports research and Eraining activities in biomedical technology and health services management. 936-5952 Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Supports field research in developing countries aimed at improving the design and management of diarrheal disease control programs and coordinates A.I.D.'s diarrheal disease research. 936-5965 AIDS Program Develops a health education risk reduction strategy through public health communication in developing countries and finances the development and implementation of the World Health Organization's global AIDS prevention and control program. 936-5967 Malaria Field Trials - Provides funding to launch the field testing of prototype vaccines developed under the Malaria Immunity and vaccination Research Program 1936-0453). 936–5968 Healthlink II - Provides funding for an innovative program to Transfer health and child survival technologies to LDCS. The project gives priority to immunizations, including the This development of a non-reuseable, one-dose injection device. project will make child survivál technologies more widely available and help reduce the potential for the spread of infection by unsterilized or inadequately sterilized needles and syringes. 936-5970 PHS Details Provides funding for the detail of PHS staff to enhance the ability to plan, implement and evaluate child survival programs in LDCS. - 97 1317 1316 Research and University Relations CENTRALLY PUNDED CHILD SURVIVAL PUND PROJECTS 20 sutrition 936-5052 Project Review Provides assistance in evaluation on-going projects, the development of new projects and the selection and review of new research proposals. 936-5053 Research Grant Program for HBCUS Funds research pro- jects at historically STACK COTTéges and universities (HBCUS) that address less developed country health problems. 936-5055 Technical Advisory Support Services - U.S. universities and colleges assist Tess developed countries solve their develop- ment problems, Jutrition: Iron Deficiency Program Support - Assists 20.0103 Countries to design and implement programs for Leating iron deficiency anemia. -1.9 Butrition: Improvement of Maternal and Infant Diets 3.53 developing countries in designing, testing, and het dag programs to promote breastfeeding, improved weaning ****s and good diets among pregnant and nursing women. - 936-5057 Joint MOUS - Health Increases the capacity of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) with schools of medicine and public health to provide assistance to less developed countries in health areas. Se of Bealth Program Office 936-1421 AID/Peace Corps Small Project Assistance - Supports the identification, design and implementation or small scale village self-help health development activities. de comunication por Child Survival - Develops and tests * si asing integrated communication Channels to support wide- sau adoption of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunization, and ether child survival technologies. eartment, Togistics, intormation **21 Technology for Primary Health Care - Provides training, services, health financing and 1,63 commodities to less developed country health care 20 ans to help then incorporate proven technologies such as redydration therapy or immunizations into their health care Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination ..very systems. 930-0022 Socio-Economic Studies and Activities Supports research on u.s. assistance policies and programs; areas of inquiry include the role of the private and public sectors in developing countries, price policies for public sector services, criteria for allocations of food assistance, and the relationship of energy cost to debt. **-528 Diarrheal Disease Research Supports the two major eraational organizations involved in diarrheal disease march and training, the International Center for Diarrheal sease Research in Bangladesh (ICDDR/B), and the World Health zaization's control of Diarrheal Disease (CDD) Program. S-5935 Diagnostic Technology Development Develops and Steninates techniques for quick and reliable diagnosis of pical diseases at the community level for use in primary ulto care programs. 930-0085 Integrated Studies and System Provides for comprehen- sive evaluations of assistance programs in areas of significant topical interest and development expenditure and assists developing countries in their evaluation of project progress. 930-0232 Information as a tool in Development Selects, collects, retrieves and transfers Eechnical program and project information generated by LDC institutions, PVos, other U.S. agencies, national and international development organizations (World Bank, FAO), and A.1.D. to the developing countries; and, supports outreach programs in the LDCs with awareness journals, and technical assistance on information programs such as library and information network development. 3-5951 Child Survival Action Program Support - Supports esearch and training activities in biomedical technology and - Talth services management. 3-5952 Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Supports field search in developing countries aimed at improving the design tad sanagement of diarrheal disease control programs and coordinates 1.1.D.'s diarrheal disease research. 930-0600 Peace Corps Supports small community-based development projects managed by Peace Corps volunteers. These projects deal with food production, primary health care, and small enterprise development. 98 99 1317 CENTRALLY PUNDED CHILD SURVIVAL FUND PROJECTS Office of Nutrition 931-0227 Nutrition: Iron Deficiency Program Support Assists developing countries to design and implement programs for alleviating iron deficiency anemia. 931-1010 Nutrition: Improvement of Maternal and Infant Diets Assists developing countries in designing, Eesting, and implementing programs to promote breastfeeding, improved weaning practices and good diets among pregnant and nursing women. Office of Health 931-1018 Communication For Child Survival Develops and tests ways of using integrated communicaEion channels to support wide- spread adoption of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), immunization, and other child survival technologies. 936-5927 Technology for Primary Health Care Provides training, management, Togistics, Information services, health financing and limited commodities to less developed country health care programs to help them incorporate proven technologies such as ocal rehydration therapy or immunizations into their health care delivery systems. 936-5928 Diarrheal Disease Research - Supports the two major international organizations Involved in diarrheal disease research and training, the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh (ICDDR/B), and the world Health Organization's Control of Diarrheal Disease (CDD) Program. 936-5935 Diagnostic Technology Development - Develops and disseminates techniques for quick and reliable diagnosis of tropical diseases at the community level for use in primary health care programs. 936-5951 Child Survival Action Program Support Supports research and training ACEIVIETES I biomedical technology and health services management. 936-5952 Applied Diarrheal Disease Research Supports field research in developing countries aimed at improving the design and management of diarrheal disease control programs and coordinates A.I.D.'s diarrheal disease research. . 99 1818 1319 936-5953 Supply, Production, and Promotion of Oral Rehydration Therapy - Increases the avarTabiTiEY OF Orar rehydration theraphy TORTT In developing countries, through private sector producers, by providing technical assistance, loans, guidelines, or other information, in the areas of supply, production, and promotion of oral rehydration salts. 936-5966 Perinatal Health - Provides funding to expand applied research and field support to improve programs directed at reducing low birth weight, one of the principal causes of infant and child mortality and morbidity in the developing world. 936-5968 Healthlink II - Provides funding for an innovative program to transfer health and child survival technologies to LDCS. The project gives priority to immunizations, including the development of a non-reuseable, one-dose injection device. This project will make child survival technologies more widely available and help reduce the potential for the spread of infection by unsterilized or inadequately sterilized needles and syringes. 936-5969 Technology for PHC II Serves the Agency's central resource for reducing diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. 936-5970 PHS Details - Provides funding for the detail of PHS staff to enhance the ability to plan, implement and evaluate child survival programs in LDCS. Responsible Officer: fapores Iconior Assistant Administrator NYLE C. BRADY Bureau for Science and Technology Office of Population 936-3023 Demographic and Family Health Surveys Conducts sample surveys of contraceptive knowledge, availability and use, and/or recent demographic levels and trends. EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 101 Bureau For Program and Policy Coordination 930-0100 WID: Strategies and Resources Facilitates the inclusion of women into A.T.D. assistance programs with technical assistance such as that drawn from U.S. university WID centers, and action-oriented, applied research to enhance employment and income-earning opportunities for women in the developing countries. 930-0700 UN Children's Fund Supports local private and volun- tary organizations which immunize children and provide oral rehy- dration therapy. 100 1319 EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES Responsible Officer: NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology 101 1321 1320 PROGRAM SUMMARY FY 1986 FY 1987 Estimate 8.7 FY 1988 Begons 7.8 9.2 1.1.2. has experienced numerous successes over the years. A. I.D.'s edicatim program assists host countries to educate increasing numbers of cildren. In the area of large, sustained primary school currículum retan, L. 1.D. helped establish the African primary science program which bis influenced curricula in most of Africa and continues as an active science education program for Africa without A.I.D. funding. In educational technology and development comunications, A.I.D. through repurch and development has stimulated interest in using comunication ezinologies to overcome the basic problems in education. Instructional Eterials in basic nath, language and science have been developed for teaching through the low-cost medium of radio. These have been exptionally effective in rural schools. EDUCATIOS 10 HAS BESOECES I. EDUCATION for the education of children aged 6-14, A.I.D.'s policy stresses improving re quality and efficiency of existing school systems, rather than expansion of systems at their current level of inefficiency. Available evidence suggests that the capacity to provide six years of education for all children can be provided with an investment of 3% of GNP or less. Most 2008 currently invest 2 to 2.58 of GNP on education for the 6-14 age group. This, with an increased effort to mobilize local community resources and participation, most LDCs can commit sufficient resources to provide most children with a basic education when efficiency is improved. OVERVISA Over the past 25 years, the less developed countries (LDCs) have raje steady progress in providing educational opportunities for their citizens. Encolisents in primary schools tripled between 1960 and 1980. The percentage of literates (age 15 or older) is steadily increasing from 43.2 * in 1970 to a projected 60.91 in 1990. Governments continue to allocate substantial percentages of national budgets to education. Parents purchase books, uniforme, and writing materials. Local communities often build and maintain school buildings. These efforts alone give testimony to the tremendous desire for better education among people throughout the developing world, and in many cases testify to the usefulness of earlier A.1.D. efforts in this sector. Despite these gains, serious problems still exist. Educational resources – human, physical, and financial – are strained in many LDCS. High dropout and grade repetition rates prevent children from attaining basic skills in reading and mathematics. Children in rural areas, the urban poor, and females have the least chance to go to school. The lack of access to education by females is particular ly significant. The implications of educational shortfalls are broad and profound. Basic literacy and numeracy are highly correlated with the success of development programs in agriculture, health, population, and nutrition. Lack of basic education and skills training impedes productivity and technological advances, lessens the chances of these improvements and exacerbates the problem of unemployment. A dynamic private sector depends on a labor force with at least a primary education. As nations step more and more into the modern world, the poor educational base becomes a serious limiting factor. POLICY During the past two decades, most assistance to LDC education was for traditional secondary schools and professional education. The most important task now for virtually all developing countries is to improve school systems for children ages 6-14. This has taken center stage in A.I.D.'s educational and human resources policy. 41.D.'s policy, therefore, is to increase local community participation and to improve LDC resource use by helping countries reduce grade repetition, lessen drop-out rates and extend efficient instructional systems into rural and remote areas. Over time, the focus on better resource use is expected to lead to greater access to education by the rural population, the poor and rural and urban female students. A.I.D. vill assist host countries both to expand and to improve their primary 5000) systems by making efficient use of existing resources and by using Educational technology. 4.1.D. policy guidance is provided in the Agency's policy statements on Basic Education and Technical Training and Development Communications and time kaunistrator's June 25, 1986 speech on the Decentralization of Bducation DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Al.D. identifies illiteracy and lack of education as one of the key problems constraining economic and social development in all sectors. The centrally-funded education portfolio recognizes that developing countries are struggling with the need to educate increasing numbers of children with static or diminishing shares of national budgets. Existing education programs, at any level, are frequently low quality and do not contribute fully to the country's major development efforts. In all development sectors, the difficulties of reaching isolated and dispersed populations are hindering attempts to provide essential information and education about key programs. These problems are major and they exist in many of the countries that A.I.D. assists around the world. Excludes centrally funded Private and Voluntary Cooperation Program activities totalling $2.1 million in FY 1986, $.7 million in FY 1987, and $2.6 in FY 1988. 103 AID 370-3 (8-83) 102 1321 A.1.D. has experienced numerous successes over the years. A.I.D.'s education program assists host countries to educate increasing numbers of children. In the area of large, sustained primary school curriculum reform, A.I.D, helped establish the African primary science program which has influenced curricula in most of Africa and continues as an active science education program for Africa without A.I.D. funding. In educational technology and development connunications, A.I.D, through research and development has stimulated interest in using communication technologies to overcome the basic problems in education. Instructional materials in basic math, language and science have been developed for teaching through the low-cost medium of radio. These have been exceptionally effective in cural schools. For the education of children aged 6-14, A.I.D.'s policy stresses improving the quality and efficiency of existing school systems, rather than expansion of systems at their current level of inefficiency. Available evidence suggests that the capacity to provide six years of education for all children can be provided with an investment of 3% of GNP or less. Most LDCs currently invest 2 to 2.5% of GNP on education for the 6-14 age group. Thus, with an increased effort to mobilize local community resources and participation, most LDCs can commit sufficient resources to provide most children with a basic education when efficiency is improved. A.I.D.'s policy, therefore, is to increase local community participation and to improve LDC resource use by helping countries reduce grade repetition, lessen drop-out cates and extend efficient instructional systems into rural and remote areas. Over time, the focus on better resource use is expected to lead to greater access to education by the rural population, the poor and rural and urban female students, A.I.D. will assist host countries both to expand and to improve their primary school systems by making efficient use of existing resources and by using educational technology. A.I.D. policy guidance is provided in the Agency's policy statements on Basi Education and Technical Training and Development Comunications and the Administrator's June 25, 1986 speech on the Decentralization of Education. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM A.I.D. identifies illiteracy and lack of education as one of the key problems constraining economic and social development in all sectors. The centrally-funded education portfolio recognizes that developing countries are struggling with the need to educate increasing numbers of children with static or diminishing shares of national budgets. Existing education programs, at any level, are frequently low quality and do not contribute fully to the country's major development efforts. In all development sectors, the difficulties of reaching isolated and dispersed populations are hindering attempts to provide essential information and education about key programs. These problems are major and they exist in many of the countries that A.I.D. assists around the world. 103 1323 1322 Beifectiveness of the system. Ourrent project assistance focuses on TEN a decentralized management information system and improving policy thesis capabilities. In the Yemen Arab Republic, the education Sedert has led to development of a microcomputer-based information a and i proved allocation of education resources. Therefore, to respond to these pervasive and critical problems, centrally funded programs focus on three specific program areas: education efficiency - concentrating on the methodologies necessary to improve analysis and data-based decision making so that scarce financial and human resources at both the national and local level are used most efficiently; educational technology - introducing and adapting technology to improve the quality of education and to extend it to large, dispersed populations; development communications - keying on education problems in other development sectors, and ensuring that Agency programs benefit from new advances in social marketing and communication technology. 1. Education Efficiency - ($3.3 million in FY 1988; $3.1 million in FY 1987) seord major project, Basic Research and Implementation for Developing station Systens, began in 1985 and is developing computer planning DE Ls, based upon research on the four major educational variables: eders, instructional materials, facilities and learning technologies, ad carries out and compiles enpirical research findings. The models are od to discuss with developing country policy makers alternatives for wing their educational systems that are realistic and affordable within the current resource constraints. Realizing that A.I.D. assistance can be most effective when applied on a sustained basis to the total education system rather than with separate components and that the focus should be on strengthening key institutional capacities, two major projects are currently underway to respond to those needs. 41.0 , will also initiate a project in 1987 on decentralization of sacation and community support of schools. The ability of local malities to take on additional responsibility for their children's sucation, so potent a force in a country's development, deserves further Report as an LDC educational strategy. This activity will be a pilot Diciented with other donors as much as possible, and concentrate on a limited set of countries willing to make serious policy changes necessary o provide universal literacy within the next ten years. 1. Barcational Technology - ($1.1 million in FY 1988; $1.4 million in FY 1987) - The Improving the Efficiency of Education Systems II project, which began in FY 1984, assists eight countries to upgrade the quality and efficiency of primary education. Its purpose is to help countries make better allocations of their education budgets and strengthen their capabilities for educational planning, management, and research. Five major component activities comprise the project's implementation: education and human resources sector assessments, training, research and development, field projects to increase educational efficiency, and information exchange among education analysts and policy makers in participating countries, In addition, the project promotes donor collaboration in strengthening countries' education and training systems. The sector assessments, conducted in six countries, have proven highly valuable in bilateral policy dialogues and have stimulated important actions to improve host country education systems. In Somalia, the sector assessment led the government to conduct a major review and reform of the civil service and to plan a comprehensive strategy for improving primary schooling. Current project assistance focuses on improving institutional capacity for research, policy analysis, and planning. In Botswana, the education sector assessment and an update resulted in implementation of a more cost-effective plan for junior secondary schooling. In Liberia, efforts have focused on development of improved analysis and planning capabilities and better integration of donor assistance at the primary school level. In Haiti, the education assessment led to a project that strengthens private sector organizations which manage primary schools. In Indonesia, the sector review led to a set of education policy changes to improve the quality and 1.1.0 . continues to develop appropriate applications of educational strology. This effort is designed to make possible far wider access to quality education for the children of the developing world, Badio communication in basic education has reached thousands of children in De renote regions of the Dominican Republic where there are no schools. Materials for teaching English over the radio were the focus of the highly sucoessful radio language arts activity in Kenya. The activity in radio science, which began in FY 1984, is creating curriculum in primary school science and has a component that is designed to bring results of these sarlier educational research and development efforts into wider use Troughout the world. te Educational Technology: Studies and Applications project, which began in 1977, assists LDCs in planning or evaluating the communication steponents of development projects; illustrative is a recent campaign educating Bolivian farm families in safe pesticide use. It also is exploring the educational use of a variety of learning technologies, with sites in Grenada and Belize, the Rural Satellite Program, which began in FY 1979, assists LDCs to develop the institutional resources needed to use telecommunications in ocation. A project in Indonesia provides communication linkages to share teachers among eleven scattered universities using Indonesia's Own PALAPA 104 i 105 1323 cost-effectiveness of the system. Current project assistance focuses on building a decentralized management information system and improving policy analysis capabilities. In the Yemen Arab Republic, the education assessment has led to development of a microcomputer-based information system and improved allocation of education resources. The second major project, Basic Research and Implementation for Developing Education Systems, began in 1985 and is developing computer planning models, based upon research on the four major educational variables: teachers, instructional materials, facilities and learning technologies, and carries out and compiles empirical research findings. The models are used to discuss with developing country policy makers alternatives for improving their educational systems that are realistic and affordable within the current resource constraints. A.I.D. will also initiate a project in 1987 on decentralization of education and community support of schools. The ability of local communities to take on additional responsibility for their children's education, so potent a force in a country's development, deserves further support as an LDC educational strategy. This activity will be a pilot implemented with other donors as much as possible, and concentrate on a limited set of countries willing to make serious policy changes necessary to provide universal literacy within the next ten years. 2. Educational Technology - ($1.1 million in FY 1988; $1.4 million in FY 1987) A. I.D. continues to develop appropriate applications of educational technology. This effort is designed to make possible far wider access to quality education for the children of the developing world. Radio communication in basic education has reached thousands of children in the remote regions of the Dominican Republic where there are no schools, Materials for teaching English over the radio were the focus of the highly successful radio language arts activity in Kenya. The activity in radio science, which began in FY 1984, is creating curriculum in primary school science and has a component that is designed to bring results of these earlier educational research and development efforts into wider use throughout the world. The Educational Technology: Studies and Applications project, which began in 1977, assists LDCs in planning or evaluating the communication components of development projects; illustrative is a recent campaign educating Bolivian farm families in safe pesticide use. It also is exploring the educational use of a variety of learning technologies, with sites in Grenada and Belize. The Rural Satellite Program, which began in FY 1979, assists LDCs to develop the institutional resources needed to use telecommunications in education. A project in Indonesia provides communication linkages to share teachers among eleven scattered universities using Indonesia's own PALAPA 105 1324 1325 satellite. Another activity links the University of West Indies island campuses on six Caribbean nations, with many in science training programs in health, education, agriculture, and business management. The pioneering approaches developed by those projects are now being made available to development planners throughout the world. doss to new technologies or receive assistance from development Sutrios even though they play major social and economic roles in all Fraping countries. THIS 3. Development Comunications ($.2 million in FY 1988; $.5 million in FY 1987) The Child Survival Program develops and tests ways of using radio and other mass media coordinated with primary health care networks to support widespread adoption of proper health and nutritional practices. It is playing a major role in the mass adoption of oral rehydration therapy and related child survival practices by thousands of mothers in the developing world. The project is active in over fifteen countries. Articipant, training in all sectors is an essential part of A.I.D.'s pent strategy. It is A.I.D.s policy to use participant training to prope national capacities, ensure the availability of professional vurderparts, and contribute to the on-going process of improving the 'scrical, managerial and policy leadership of private and public sector development institutions. A.I.D. supports participant training for three purposes: 1 The Communication for Technology Transfer in Agriculture activity applies the same communication techniques to the problem of promoting widescale adoption of new agricultural technologies. This project is working with five countries in Latin America and Africa: Peru, Honduras, Ecuador, Malawi and Swaziland. The Development Communications Clearinghouse provides information worldwide on the use of communications to 6,000 LDC and U.S. development planners in education, agriculture and health. (1) staff development for A.I.D.-assisted projects; (2) strengthening of key development institutions; and (3) establishment of local training capacities. increased attention is being given to the type of education and training That may ipprove LDC institutional capabilities and ability to plan country specific training programs. Training may be short-term or long-term as reded. II. HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW In order to correct problems in development management, A.I.D. programs must address two purposes simultaneously: the need for organizational eficiency; and, the need to build capabilities for continued independent development. To facilitate these efforts, A.I.D. will provide specialists with expertise in organization, management and decentralization. In order to address the needs of women in development, A.1.D.'s policy is o take into account the current and potential roles and needs of women in all of its projects. Within the LDCS, A.I.D. supports programs and Institutions that specifically benefit women. In general, A.I.D. supports programs which increase the productivity of women and include women as equal participants in development. A.1.D. also supports research in areas dece greater knowledge of gender roles in relation to development is Within many LDCs, the lack of skilled local personnel in science, engineering, and management imposes severe constraints on development programs. Limited administrative and institutional capabilities are roadblocks to effective, equitable and sustained development. Implementation problems are often caused by poor organization and management, as well as inadequate financial resources. In an era of reduced resources and slower growth rates, it becomes even more important to increase the effectiveness of management systems and to find institutional patterns that will create incentives for the productive use of human and material resources. Reeded. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Knowledge of the roles of women in LDCs is often deficient. We have begun to understand the important roles women play in agriculture, marketing, management of the household, health and family planning. Legal and social constraints, however, severely reduce women's ability to contribute to of benefit from development. For instance, in most LDCs it is difficult for women to own land or get agricultural credit; yet, women are responsible for more than 60% of all agricultural work. Women also ind it hard to 1. Participant Training Y ($1.8 million in FY 1988; $2 million in FY 1987) within many Locs, the lack of skilled local personnel imposes severe constraints on national development. Limited administrative and institutional capabilities are coadblocks to effective, equitable and Bastained development. To correct manpower constraints to development, See Hain Volum for a separate narrative on the Agency's Participant Training Program. 106 107 1325 gain access to new technologies or receive assistance from development institutions even though they play major social and economic roles in all developing countries. POLICIES Participant training in all sectors is an essential part of A.I.D.'s development strategy. It is A.I.D.S policy to use participant training to improve national capacities, ensure the availability of professional counterparts, and contribute to the on-going process of improving the technical, managerial and policy leadership of private and public sector development institutions. A.I.D. supports participant training for three purposes: (1) staff development for A.I.D.-assisted projects; (2) strengthening of key development institutions; and (3) establishment of local training capacities. Increased attention is being given to the type of education and training that may improve LDC institutional capabilities and ability to plan country specific training programs. Training may be short-term or long-term as needed. In order to correct problems in development management, A.I.D. programs must address two purposes simultaneously: the need for organizational efficiency; and, the need to build capabilities for continued independent development. To facilitate these efforts, A.I.D. will provide specialists with expertise in organization, management and decentralization. In order to address the needs of women in development, A.I.D.'s policy is to take into account the current and potential roles and needs of women in all of its projects. Within the LDCS, A.I.D. supports programs and institutions that specifically benefit women. In general, A.I.D. supports programs which increase the productivity of women and include women as equal participants in development. A.I.D. also supports research in areas where greater knowledge of gender roles in relation to development is needed. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM 1. Participant Training 1 ($1.8 million in FY 1988; $2 million in FY 1987) Within many Locs, the lack of skilled local personnel imposes severe constraints on national development. Limited administrative and institutional capabilities are roadblocks to effective, equitable and sustained development. To correct manpower constraints to development, 1 See Main Volum for a separate narrative on the Agency's Participant Training Program. 107 1327 1326 A.I.D. programs address two elements simultaneously: (1) the need to improve the effectiveness of management systems and find institutional patterns that will create incentives for the productive use of human capital, and (2) the need to build capabilities for continued independent development. Particular attention will continue to be given to increase or improve: -the skills of mid-level personnel to do their jobs: -national sectoral planning and implementation; -decentralized management and self-help, especially resource management; and material spport to public and private organizations by the Performance engerent project strengthens the management of third world development Such support includes consultation, training and research. For sple, research has improved understanding of managerial and related uzining needs in nine Southern African countries, the implications of prenental "contracting out" in Honduras, and organizational change aged by the introduction of microcomputers into finance and agriculture nostries in Kenya and Indonesia. The project helps host country kultural research and management training institutions improve the pality of the support they provide local development organizations. ities and public training and research institutions in Barbados, the matrican Republic, Egypt, Paraguay and Southern Africa have collaborated eh tide groject for this purpose. Project personnel work in the Bilipines , Thailand, and Indonesia to transfer management approaches that emrage local participation in rural development projects. In countries the Sabel, improved methods of teaching and monitoring financial zagarent have been introduced. Key development ministries have been the ze of the long-term organization-development work of the project in Haiti ed Gaizea. Ir-country management training has been a part of most of this c. De project has conducted recurrent seminars for senior managers in Francophone African countries. -business management. iscal revenue, finance, and institutional development needs are addressed nder a 1987 revision of a revenue reform activity. The new work will paize local mobilization of recurrent costs for maintenance of rural sufrastructure such as roads and irrigation systems. 1. Pamen in Development ($.5 million in FY 1988; $.5 million in Sy 1987) Using funds from all sector accounts, A.I.D. provides training each year to more than 15,000 participants in the United States and approximately 2,000 participants in other countries. About 90% of the costs of carrying out participant training is borne by mission and regional bureau projects. Centrally funded training comprises about 10% of the total. In addition, approximately 600 participants from developing countries are trained through the Reimbursable Training Program at no cost to the United States Government. Within the Office of International Training, the central account provides funds for the training evaluation and support which includes support services for A.I.D. participants, such as port-of-entry reception, supplementary hospitality services and evaluation of training programs and field support. The labor organization development program is also a centrally-funded activity. A.I.D.'s policy is to strengthen labor relations to improve the economic status and welfare of workers in LDCs. Each year this activity provides short-term training for more than 100 officials involved with labor activities from a large number of A.I.D. countries. A significant constraint to U.S. education and training is inadequacy or absence of in-country English language training programs for A.I.D. participants. The English language training program seeks to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of English language training programs conducted within the developing country. 2. Development Management ($.2 million in FY 1988; $.2 million in FY 1987) e komen in Development project is carried out through three subprojects: ibe technical assistance and WID Centers subproject funds research, training, and technical assistance to enhance the integration of women isto multi-sectoral development programs, especially those of private moluntary organizations and academic institutions. This subproject supports WID activities at Title XII Universities and at such regional consortia as the Southwest Consortium for International Development and the Consortiun for International Development. Other WID technical assistance activities are provided through A.I.D.'s regional and central bureaus and missions, pvos, and academic institutions. These include a cooperative agreement with the International Center for Research on Wonen for the provision of a wide array of technical assistance in strengthening women's economic roles in mainstream Agency projects. Also, a grant to the International Marketing Institute provided training to women who are mid-level officials in banking, commerce and industry. The central program supports country and regional field projects by conducting research and development activities, supplying technical consultants, and disseminating information and research results. During the period 1982–1986, this program aided 35 countries in improving their development management. The program focuses on: local revenue and finance, program and project management, and management training. ? See Main Volume for a separate narrative on the Agency's innen in Development program. 109 108 1327 Technical support to public and private organizations by the Performance Management project strengthens the management of third world development programs. Such support includes consultation, training and research. Por example, research has improved understanding of managerial and related training needs in nine Southern African countries, the implications of governmental "contracting out" in Honduras, and organizational change caused by the introduction of microcomputers into finance and agriculture ministries in Kenya and Indonesia. The project helps host country agricultural research and management training institutions improve the quality of the support they provide local development organizations. Business and public training and research institutions in Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Paraguay and Southern Africa have collaborated with the project for this purpose. Project personnel work in the Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia to transfer management approaches that encourage local participation in rural development projects. In countries of the Sahel, improved methods of teaching and monitoring financial management have been introduced. Key development ministries have been the base of the long-term organization development work of the project in Haiti and Guinea. In-country management training has been a part of most of this work. The project has conducted recurrent seminars for senior managers in 10 Francophone African countries. Local revenue, finance, and institutional development needs are addressed under a 1987 revision of a revenue reform activity. The new work will emphasize local mobilization of recurrent costs for maintenance of rural infrastructure such as roads and irrigation systems. 3. Women in Development 2 ($.5 million in FY 1988; $.5 million in SY 1987) The women in Development project is carried out through three subprojects; The technical assistance and WID Centers subproject funds research, training, and technical assistance to enhance the integration of women into multi-sectoral development programs, especially those of private voluntary organizations and academic institutions. This subproject supports WID activities at Title XII universities and at such regional consortia as the Southwest Consortium for International Development and the Consortium for International Development. Other WID technical assistance activities are provided through A.1.D.'s regional and central bureaus and missions, pvos, and academic institutions. These include a cooperative agreement with the International Center for Research on Women for the provision of a wide array of technical assistance in strengthening women's economic roles in mainstream Agency projects. Also, a grant to the International Marketing Institute provided training to women who are mid-level officials in banking, commerce and industry. ? See Main Volume for a separate narrative on the Agency's Women in Development program. 109 1328 1329 The strategies and resources subproject compiles and analyzes statistics; commissions, publishes, and distributes studies and materials; holds seminars and briefings on WID topics; and exchanges information with other national and international agencies, organizations, and donors involved in the women in development effort. Under this subproject, the Bureau of the Census has published four regional handbooks and a statistical summary chartbook providing demographic data on women in 120 LDCs. This subproject also supports the Overseas Education Fund which provided training and technical assistance to local development organizations to enable them to design more effective programs for women. 10 190 200 OS 12 1.009 2.000 179 200 28 1.02S 2.093 1.00 275 CSI 121 297 OGS ៖ The women's organizations and participation subproject provides small grants to appropriate private and public organizations for implementing A.I.D. policy on women in development. In particular, it addresses the topics of income-generation, private sector development, agricultural development, technology transfer, and institutional development. Under this subproject, the Population Council provides programs, services, and training in income earning skills for low-income urban women. 22- OSZ 1.275 2.093 8 240 202 50 062 200 SOL 230 300 625 1,500 1 111 ***** 5.760 ossos 652 3.910 OCZ * Isso site who done before Dec 11, - 1 year agter is bad nostre 2 93 92 u 62 35 SE G ( JREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Orice OF EDUCATION STRUCTURING NFE RESOURCES COMMUNICATIONS EDUC TECH: STUDIES . APPLICATIONS 931-1231 DECENTRALIZATION: FINANCÉ ANO? TANAGEMENT “ል፡፡፡ EFFICIENCY OF Io. RADIO COYMUNITY BASIC EDUCATION Shaw 101ABC *oit-iso RURAL SATELLITE PROGRAM RADIO SCIENCE 935-5818 110 BASIC RES IN DEVELOPING COMMUNICATION FOR TECH TRANSFER IN AGR. 935-5824 Red rojen 2005-956 1185-986 SYSTEMS 11 STSTEMS 935-5826 SCI-18 935-5823 1329 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF FY OF 1 INIT AL FINAL OOLIS OSLI LOD PLANNED AUTH) -THROUGM FY 35- OBLIG- SXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY87- SLI KPIN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSEDY. 8- 0313: 11°FN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF EDUCATION 79 86 5.760 5.454 SO 339 --- 1 --- --- 5.790 7.700 o 77 5.330 4,728 230 SCO 1 50 320 10 90 13.461 13,441 1.739 8 1,625 200 $ 3 180 224 275 200 190 2.750 2.760 --- --- --- --- 2 SO 153 250 200 2 500 630 3910 3.309 91 --- 145 36 625 121 --- --- 4,055 8,536 3.201 79 G --- 7,731 86 230 --- 353 --- 297 9,431 7,200 1.2.2 94 95 366 a 1.342 1.017 1.275 1,200 1,025 מ1,30 9,220 9,220 92 3,200 1,500 2.400 2.685 2.00 2.709 2.000 כככ,2 17.000 17.000 G 85 863 --- 624 469 350 950 1,00 10.000 10,300 3 35 2 20 --- 300 203 240 300 175 1.500 1.500 * mits tart SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) 27 02/03/87 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY FUNDED - EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES CP 33-02 931-1354 STRUCTURING NFE RESOURCES 931-1109 EDUC TECM: STUDIES APPLICATIONS 931-1231 DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATIONS CLEARINGHOUSE 936-5446 87 DECENTRALIZATION: FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT 936-5807 RADIO COMUNITY BASIC S DUCATION 936-5811 RURAL SATELLITE PROGRAM 935-5816 RADIO SCIENCE 735-5823 6 IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF 50. SYSTEMS II 936-5824 BASIC RES IN DEVELOPING SYSTEMS 935-5826 COMMUNICATION FOR TECM TRANSFER IN AGR. 'Nontoh 111 Albcanto con botern De 31,00 en bed on the authorised data Mid D31, 10th FYvodonid on planned den 1331 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED • DUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES PAGE 28 02103/87 7 • L FY OF FY OP I INITIAL FINAL INROUGN FYS- CP 33-02 1180 LO PLANNED AUTHD 91180 -Nioxi -91760 ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91790 -ESTINAT!3 PYSY- EXPON ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY!&- -51760 -Nial TOTAL FOR PROGRAM ATIONS OITURES 59,607 70,797 30,410 24,763 5,521 6.356 6.987 7,354 6,579 GRANTS 6.SOS 69,697 70,937 30,410 26.763 5.521 2.356 LOANS 1,304 --- 4.575 SOS, --- RURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPEINT PERFORMANCE NANASINENT 5 ES 28 3.500 3,500 2.544 2.210 125 203 וין !70 150 150 TOTAL FOR PRO GRAN COS's 2,546 2.210 3,503 125 26 171 CLS GRANTS 150 3.500 3.500 2.544 2.210 125 262 LOANS 370 --- 13 --- 150 --- OPTICE OP INTERNATIONAL TRAINING ! 77 1330 с TRAINING EVAL AND SUPPORT SERVICES :: 5,028 1.730 726 935 1.500 903 00 97 33 ENGL I SN LANGUAGE TRAINING PROJECT 1,200 --- --- OU 630 500 500 3 91 LABOR ORGANIZATION O!!LIPNENT 93 7.709 7.709 3.091 3.080 756 653 SUS 350 SCO 200 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 3.909 7.707 SUSOS 0.105 2.636 1.37 2.23 2,452 1..3 1.700 GRANTS 3. OND 7.799 6.525 8. 108 2.48. 1.379 2.073 2.650 LOANS 1.700 112 OLI CI TN UTIONS 41.7 LOC.IS POR BUEU 7. 55.0.1 41.7 . GRANTS LOANS SUR. POR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 250 СС) 1.163 153 . 130 OS 193 --- 100 SOCIO-ECONONIC STUDIES AND 7 intechared STUDIES AND Siste's OS CO C 700 2.11 2005 309 230 275 с . --- --- 90 WID STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 935-0232 3 INPORNATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 936-5317 925-0071 935-2005 1090-956 GOV.ALL PO TITLE TOTAL 933-0022 ACTIVITIES 933-0033 31-0100 06 1.075 1.038 1.07 TOTAL POR PROGRAM --- GRANTS LOANS TES 1.03. TOTAL POR DUREAU 3.1. GRANTS LOANS 1331 SUN MARY JP CTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IV THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS PAG! 29 02/537.7 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUND! - DUCATION AND MUMAN RESOUCES CP 68-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L Y OPFY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL . OBLIG 03L13 LOP PLANNID AUTM -THROUGM RYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIC- EXPEN- ATIONS SITURES -ESTIMATED PY97- OBLI; EXPON ATIONS SITUS -PROPOSOFY. COLIS- XPEN- ATTONS DITURIS 8.132 7.995 7.198 10.36 6.525 6.355 --- --- Q GUR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 587 434 439 603 375 25. 1.163 82 C --- 193 --- 50 153 190 C 700 45 350 300 --- ... 395 275 300 200 950 2.553 1.049 1.036 1.514 1.079 350 1,279 O. --- --- 3,858 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 2.553 1.049 1,036 1.514 950 1,075 1,275 GRANTS 3.858 :::: : ; 2.553 1.049 1.036 1.514 1.075 350 1,275 --- --- --- --- LOANS TOTAL POR BU'EAU 41,479 35,091 8.132 7,95 7.198 10.334 6.52 5.355 22.106 33.196 GRANTS 41,479 35.381 32.106 99.196 LOANS 933-0022 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 933-0035 G 87 INTEGRATED STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 2.119 2,695 930-0100 30 MID STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 37 C 93)-0232 • INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPMENT 2.553 3.358 1.049 1,036 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 1,514 1,075 1.275 3,850 GRANTS LOANS 113 wide Non solo - Alcoholition date tutore Do 31.10 bodo the whole led on December 31, 10th of Indoned for ! 1333 1332 CENTRALLY FUNDED EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES PROJECTS PIG! 30 02/03/17 CP 33-02 fiice of Education 1,295 7,225 -ROPOSE 2 FY23- -Njcy; -7760 UTIONS JITURES 431-1854 Structuring NPE Resources Supports institutional development of non-formal education (NPE) service agencies and Movides technical assistance to improve the educational offerings of NFE programs. 006 1.320 311-1109 Education Technology: Studies and Applications - Lesists developing countries to use communication and educational techsologies in education, health and agricultural development prograns. 11,5 11,459 DITUEES ESTIMATED SY87- -Natx: 91760 1713NS 3,712 9.712 931-1231 Development Communication Clearinghouse - Provides developing countries with information and examples on the appli- cation of consunications in education, health, agriculture and rital development programs. 7,331 9,031 -Nitra 136-5446 Decentralization: Finance and Management Helps deteloping countries try out and implement better ways to srganize and pay for decentralized education services. 9,131 9.181 936-5807 Radio Community Basic Education - Uses radio and local paraprofessionals to provide primary school equivalency to rural children between ages seven and fourteen who do not have access to schools. +19.5 SSLC 114 -NOX; -91160 936-5811 Rural Satellite Program Tests the cost-effectiveness cf new communications satellite technologies for facilitating Jess developed country rural development and education programs. 65,337 15.337 Uses radio to teach primary school 936-5318 Radio Science science. - ACTUAL FY36- ATIONS DITURES OBLIG- JUNTARY 3F ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (14 THOUSANDS OF DOLLA25) - THROUGH FY85- ATIONS DITURES LOD PLANNID AUTHO CENTRALLY FUND!) - DUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES 32.106 39,190 32,126 9176C 936-5823 Inproving the efficiency of Education Systems II Guilds host country capability to assess, plan, analyze, and implement education and training approaches which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of less developed country III:ען :iאשר education systems. 936-5824 Basic Research in Developing Systems Assists developing countries to carry out research on the financial, administrative and instructional aspects of education. 936-5826 Communication for Technology Transfer in Agriculture Develops and tests instructional systems for transferring agri- cultural technology. Systems are based on information exchange anong farmers, researchers, extension workers and on the inte- gration of mass media with farmer contact systems. FY OF FY OF j 03L1s PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE GRANTS LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT A. 115 1333 CENTRALLY FUNDED EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES PROJECTS Office of Education 931-1054 Structuring NPE Resources Supports institutional development of non-formal education (NFE) service agencies and provides technical assistance to improve the educational offerings of Nee programs. 931-1109 Education Technology: Studies and Applications Assists developing countries to use communication and educational technologies in education, health and agricultural development programs. 931-1231 Development Communication Clearinghouse - Provides developing countries with information and examples on the appli- cation of communications in education, health, agriculture and rural development programs. 936-5446 Decentralization: Finance and Management Helps developing countries try out and implement better ways to organize and pay for decentralized education services. 936-5807 Radio Community Basic Education - Uses radio and local paraprofessionals to provide primary school equivalency to rural children between ages seven and fourteen who do not have access to schools. 936-5811 Rural Satellite Program Tests the cost-effectiveness of new communications satellite technologies for facilitating less developed country rural development and education programs. 936-5818 science. Radio science Uses radio to teach primary school 936-5823 Improving the Efficiency of Education Systems II Builds host country capability to assess, plan, analyze, and implement education and training approaches which will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of less developed country education systems. 936-5824 Basic Research in Developing Systems Assists developing countries to carry out research on the financial, administrative and instructional aspects of education. 936-5826 Communication for Technology Transfer in Agriculture Develops and tests instructional systems for transferring agri- cultural technology. Systems are based on information exchange among farmers, researchers, extension workers and on the inte gration of mass media with farmer contact systems. 115 1335 1334 des:2 3: Eucal and Institutional Deve oer: 336-53.- Peckor nance Management - Provides managemer: t:2:2239 21 nocive geganizational performance and strengtter :sca. management training and consulting institit:08. w!! 265_8 36 Iaternational Iraining 26-07: Training Evaluation and Sazport Services - Provide Boscess snai and support services such as port-of-estry services, 322.12., orientation and mid-winter seminars to 1.1.D.-sponsored par.c.ants. 526-2195 Bag.36 Language Training Project - Trproves the qua::7 ao cost-effectiveness of in-countty English language 18:1149 programs for A.I.D. participants. Labor Organization Developaent - Provides less developed soiect state anion leaders with notivational and other training taas ... seip then develop labor policies and programs in colia coca::00 with obeir governments. Responsible Officers: D. NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology HOLIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Ponce Burea. for Progran and Policy coordination 933-1922 socio-econonic Studies and Activities - Supports research oa 0.5. assistance policies and prograns; areas of 1.1.cy saciade the role of the private and public sectors in dere:oping countries, price policies for public sector services, criteria for allocations of food assistance and the relationship of energy cost to debt. 930-0085 Integrated Studies and Systems - Provides for comprebessive evaluations of assistance prograas in areas of significant topical interest and development expenditure and assists developing countries in their evaluation of project progress. 930-0100 WID Strategies and Resources - Facilitates the inclusion of women into A.I.D. assistance programs with technical assistance such as that drawn from U.S. university WID centers, and action-oriented, applied research to enhance employment and incone earning opportunities for women in the developing countries. 930-0232 Information as a tool in Development - Selects, collects, retrieves and transfers technical, program and project information generated by LDC institutions, pvos, other 0.s. agencies, national and international development organizations (World Bank, PAO), and A.I.D. to the developing countries; and, supports outreach programs in the LDCs with awareness journals, and technical assistance on information programs such as library and information network development. PRIVATE SECTOR, ENERGY AND PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS 116 1335 ! PRIVATE SECTOR, ENERGY AND PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS Responsible Officers: 2. NYLE C. BRADY Senior Assistant Administrator Bureau for Science and Technology as Zuria e Block HOLIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance 117 1337 1336 PROGRAM SUMMARY Iin millions of dollars/ FY 1986 Actual FY 1987 FY 1988 Estimated Request 12.7 11.8 10.3 sound national natural resource and energy policies that are integrated with emantic policies and support sustained growth; (2) expand the use of indigenous energy sources, substituting for imported energy wherever conically justified; (3) improve the efficiency of energy use; and (4) denilo better techniques for management of natural resources. The key energy policy issues concern the demand on foreign exchange to meet energy meni; pricing reform; nobilization of private enterprise energy development; investment and management; and increased efficiency through conservation pastres. In the envirorment and natural resources areas, essential needs ze reflected in macroeconomic policies that encompass the importance of resources to sustained economic development, ENERGY PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES (SDA) OVERVIEW A.I.D.-recipient countries can be generally characterized as having low levels of income; large rural populations; relatively small, but important, modern sectors; and poor rates of economic growth. They share the common problem of inadequate energy supplies which has led to unmanageable clains on foreign exchange for imported oil. While countries struggle to meet commercial energy needs, they must also expand the available supply to meet the energy requirements of a growing population. These common problems are caused by ineffective policies, limited supplies, and incomplete knowledge of domestic energy resources and technologi for development. 1.1.D. assists countries in meeting short-term needs while advancing ing-tern ewironmental and natural resource management and conservation Objectives. Within this framework, the policy is to help meet the needs of rural and urban populations for forest products like fuel, fodder, food and building materials as well as for income and employment. Rural developnent and human health are improved through the advancement of agroforestry, and prograns for soil and water conservation and management. The local needs of developing countries for natural resources are causing deforestation and degradation of the environment and the natural resource base. Natural resource management is of particular importance because of the rapidly increasing population and the expansion of agricultural activities into marginal areas which are ill-suited for annual crop production. in the area of income generation, A.I.D. policy is concentrated on sployment, enterprise development, decentralization, and support of local private initiatives. Research acts as a catalyst for bilateral policy talogue activities. Field support and collaborative research activities focus on export promotion through enhanced overseas market access; assessment and reforn of the economic and regulatory environment in which business is conducted; creation of more efficient domestic marketing channels and credit; and strengthening of institutional infrastructure to support and strengthen local private enterprise. Decentralization and local private initiatives focus on the exployment and financial stability aspects of economic growth. Programs that promote public sector reform combined with improved economic gederation reduce the strain on economic development that a large governmenal sector often produces. Economic growth is increased through programs which stimulate employment and incomes, and through programs which foster private initiative and resources mobilization. 1. Energy The SDA account (Section 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act) enables A.I.D. to leverage resources to address development requirements in private enterprise, energy, environment and natural resource management, employment, and urban and regional development. Technical support is provided for bilateral programs and for the testing of new approaches which, when proven successful, are widely adapted to assist in solving development problems. ($1.6 million in FY 1988; $8.1 million in FY 1987) POLICY Countries require increasing supplies of natural resources and energy to support expanding economies, and A.I.D. is actively involved in addressing constraints in these areas to promote continued development. The following long-term objectives have been adopted: (1) assist in the development of Energy is a critical input to achieving the A.I.D. ultimate goal of a world in which economic growth and development are self-sustaining and the extremes of poverty have been eliminated. While energy problems are abating in the Thited States, they are growing more severe in the Third World. To attain development targets in per capita income and caloric intake will require enery growth rates of at least 78 per year. Therefore, without adequate attention, energy problems will continue to stifle economic growth in A.I.D.-assisted countries. *Excludes centrally funded Private and Voluntary Cooperation Program Activities totaling $12.3 million in FY 1986, $5.4 million in FY 1987 and $7.4 million in PY 1988. The Section 106-funded energy program is designed to help ensure adequate spplies of energy for economic growth by helping to alleviate underlying structural problems that inhibit energy development and to provide technical assistance to energy producers and consumers in less developed countries (LDCs). Specific asssistance activities are designed to: promote policy reforn, particularly with regard to energy prices and incentives for private 119 AIO 370-3 (883) 118 1337 measures. sound national natural resource and energy policies that are integrated with economic policies and support sustained growth; (2) expand the use of indigenous energy sources, substituting for imported energy wherever economically justified; (3) improve the efficiency of energy use; and (4) develop better techniques for management of natural resources. The key energy policy issues concern the demand on foreign exchange to meet energy needs; pricing reform; mobilization of private enterprise energy development; investment and management; and increased efficiency through conservation In the environment and natural resources areas, essential needs are reflected in macroeconomic policies that encompass the importance of resources to sustained economic development. A.1.D. assists countries in meeting short-term needs while advancing long-term environmental and natural resource management and conservation objectives. Within this framework, the policy is to help meet the needs of rural and urban populations for forest products like fuel, fodder, food and building materials as well as for income and employment. Rural development and human health are improved through the advancement of agroforestry, and programs for soil and water conservation and management. In the area of income generation, A.I.D. policy is concentrated on employment, enterprise development, decentralization, and support of local private initiatives. Research acts as a catalyst for bilateral policy dialogue activities. Pield support and collaborative research activities focus on export promotion through enhanced overseas market access; assessment and reform of the economic and regulatory environment in which business is conducted; creation of more efficient domestic marketing channels and credit; and strengthening of institutional infrastructure to support and strengthen local private enterprise. Decentralization and local private initiatives focus on the employment and financial stability aspects of economic growth. Programs that promote public sector reform combined with improved economic generation reduce the strain on economic development that a large governmenal sector often produces. .. 1. Energy 2 ($5.6 million in FY 1988; $8.1 million in FY 1987) Energy is a critical input to achieving the A.I.D. ultimate goal of a world in which economic growth and development are self-sustaining and the extremes of poverty have been eliminated. While energy problems are abating in the United States, they are growing more severe in the Third World. To attain development targets in per capita income and caloric intake will require energy growth rates of at least 7% per year. Therefore, without adequate attention, energy problems will continue to stifle economic growth in A.1.D.-assisted countries. The Section 106-funded energy program is designed to help ensure adequate supplies of energy for economic growth by helping to alleviate underlying structural problems that inhibit energy development and to provide technical assistance to energy producers and consumers in less developed countries (LDCs). Specific asssistance activities are designed to: promote policy reform, particularly with regard to energy prices and incentives for private 119 1338 1339 ILIJ.-ponsored energy conservation activity in Sri Lanka siste 10 a 254 reduction in fuel use per tire produced at the m. baka Tyre Corporation. It also stimulated the creation of a I.DE Si lanka Energy Managers Association, and development of I lety audit business by private consulting firms. a palustan, A.I.D. assistance has contributed to the Government thesta placing top priority on energy conservation as part of * forth Pixe Year energy plan, and to the creation of a national En conservation center. A study indicates increasing the sit ency and reliability of thermal generation at the nation's I tilities could produce the equivalent of 400 megawatts of Lutal porter . Ex hid.-assisted industrial energy conservation program in the bes.can Republic has developed two private sector demonstration menyecs which reduced oil consumption by 20% in a paper plant and houseo electricity use by 458 in an ice plant. As a result of * pogca, 42 Dominican firms have registered to conduct energy investment; expand the cole of the private sector in development, management and distribution of energy supplies including conservation, fossil fuels, electric power and renewable energy resources; and to expand the availability of energy for rural development and household needs. The centrally-funded energy program supports the objectives of developing new approaches to energy problems through research and adaptation and applying these approaches in LDC settings. The program concentrates on activities to develop indigenous energy sources to substitute for imported oil and fuelwood, increase efficiency of existing energy systems, and help countries make wise energy system choices and investment decisions. A prerequisite for sound energy development and investment decision-making is dependable information about the problems and available options. Energy survey and planning methods are addressed through energy policy development and conservation activities. Research activities in Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and Thailand concentrate on the impact of energy prices and supply on economic develpoment, and the linkages between energy and agricultural productivity. In India, there is an activity to develop, introduce, and test operational models for indigenous technology innovation and development in the energy sector. Based on the model established in the United States by the Electric Power Research Institute, A.I.D. provides financial support to consortia organized to undertake specific technology development programs. Energy strategy formulation, policy analyses, and information dissemination are also supported. Energy conservation offers countries their most immediate and efficient way to begin reducing energy demand and alleviating shortages. Using proven techniques, energy conservation can cut losses by 10-25% in the power sector and by 10-30% in the industrial sector. Specific activities in FY 1988 include power plant rehabilitation, innovative financing mechanisms for small power systems, and assessing and removing private sector barriers to industrial conservation. In Kenya, a four-year energy conservation program has reported annual industrial savings of $1.1 million resulting from energy use surveys, audit programs, training of energy managers, and policy reform. In A.1.D.-assisted Central American countries, an estimated annual savings of $.5 to 1 million is being realized through low-cost conservation measures, audits and training. Private sector implementation of conservation measures is growing. A small project in Costa Rica has produced fuel savings of 114 in a bus fleet and 17% in a taxi fleet. The country's Energy Sector Directorate plans to follow up with a public awareness campaign to encourage fuel efficient driving and proper vehicle maintenance. Se household fuels program is analyzing selected management bivities to reduce household fuel demand. Attractive options Liud increasing the efficiency of traditional charcoaling esques and, in Haiti, Pakistan and Madagascar, substituting mail or biomass briquettes for traditional charcoals. annical assistance is a major component of the overall energy program. Expert assistance is provided to identify, evaluate and ketelop indigenous energy resources. This assistance is astramental in helping countries assess their potential fossil el resources, conduct energy planning, manage resources, Brenguhen geological and geophysical institutions, and attract tal financing from multilateral and private sources. ktivities in FY 1988 include the analyses of coal and oil shale be.opment with private sector participation, and the transfer of Clean-coal technologies such as fluidized-bed combustion. Target contries include Costa Rica, Haiti, Kenya, Morocco, Jordan, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sudan. As a result of A.I.D. technical assistance, the Government of Pakistan has changed its policy on private sector involvement in sve power sector. After discussions with A.I.D. and the World ask an coal and small hydropower applications, Pakistan reversed 13 long-standing prohibition against private power generation. se lack of trained LDC personnel continues to be a major impediment to effective management of energy resources. Energy training activities educate professionals to develop and better ne energy resources. Training is tailored to meet individual participant and country needs, and includes power plant 120 - 121 1339 wilt An A.I.D.-sponsored energy conservation activity in Sri Lanka resulted in a 258 reduction in fuel use per tire produced at the Sri Lanka Tyre Corporation. It also stimulated the creation of a private Sri Lanka Energy Managers Association, and development of an energy audit business by private consulting firms. In Pakistan, A.I.D. assistance has contributed to the Government of Pakistan placing top priority on energy conservation as part of its Sixth Five Year energy plan, and to the creation of a national energy conservation center. A study indicates increasing the efficiency and reliability of thermal generation at the nation's two utilities could produce the equivalent of 400 megawatts of additional power. The A.1.D.-assisted industrial energy conservation program in the Dominican Republic has developed two private sector demonstration projects which reduced oil consumption by 20% in a paper plant and reduced electricity use by 45% in an ice plant. As a result of the program, 42 Dominican firms have registered to conduct energy audits. ed 2 e 7 . The household fuels program is analyzing selected management activities to reduce household fuel demand. Attractive options include increasing the efficiency of traditional charcoaling techniques and, in Haiti, Pakistan and Madagascar, substituting coal or biomass briquettes for traditional charcoals. Technical assistance is a major component of the overall energy program. Expert assistance is provided to identify, evaluate and develop indigenous energy resources. This assistance is instrumental in helping countries assess their potential fossil fuel resources, conduct energy planning, manage resources, strengthen geological and geophysical institutions, and attract capital financing from multilateral and private sources. Activities in FY 1988 include the analyses of coal and oil shale development with private sector participation, and the transfer of clean-coal technologies such as fluidized-bed combustion. Target countries include Costa Rica, Haiti, Kenya, Morocco, Jordan, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sudan. * 7 As a result of A.I.D. technical assistance, the Government of Pakistan has changed its policy on private sector involvement in the power sector. After discussions with A.I.D. and the World Bank on coal and small hydropower applications, Pakistan reversed its long-standing prohibition against private power generation. The lack of trained LDC personnel continues to be a major impediment to effective management of energy resources. Energy training activities educate professionals to develop and better use energy resources. Training is tailored to meet individual participant and country needs, and includes power plant 121 1340 1341 gribean was initiated. Technical assistance for institutional Pe corent has been provided to non-governmental environmental mizations in Haiti, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. erironmental profiles will be prepared in at least five szeget countries during FY 1988. operations, energy conservation, fundamentals of petroleum engineering, geology, geophysical exploration and economics, and promoting investment in indigenous resource development. A.I.D.'s energy program has been instrumental in enhancing the use of renewable energy sources. Economically attractive alternative energy systems, such as hydropower and photovoltaics, have been identified in India, Somalia, Botswana, and Costa Rica. Joint ventures have been encouraged in Jamaica and Morocco to demonstrate, manufacture, market and maintain alternative energy systems. Such activities strengthen institutional capacity and may increase agricultural productivity. 3. Income 1$.2 million in FY 1988; $.3 million in FY 1987) 2. Environment and Natural Resource Management ($.7 million in FY 1988; $.5 million in FY 1987) The environment and natural resources program assists in achieving broad economic development goals in ways that conserve renewable natural resources. Habitat destruction is one of the leading causes of extinction of plant and animal species, often with irreparable loss resulting in serious environmental and economic consequences. Through the application of science and technology, LDCs are assisted to better manage their forests, range and other wildland resources for long-term sustained production of goods and services without threat of depletion. Conservation, multiple use management, and conversion are essential components of sustained yield and growth. ne rural and institutional development program focuses on increasing productivity, incomes and food production among cual et des through changes in institutions, policies and the sertation of technologies. Agroforestry activities concentrate I protecting forests, increasing water quality, and reducing 05.00and catastrophic floods. Specific emphasis is on treasing income through the transfer, commercialization and aplication of technologies; building and sustaining development Listitutions; notivating people in the areas of employment, -fam private enterprise development, natural resource Eigerent, and agricultural production support systems. ket developing country policies do not promote small-scale terprise, labor-intensive production, and activities in rural areas. A.I.D.'s employment and enterprise policy analysis activities provide assistance to developing countries in analyzing the employment and industrial effects of policies, and encourage decision-sakers to implement policy changes to diversity and Dcrease non-traditional employment opportunities. In FY 1988, there will be long-term advisors in Bangladesh, Rwanda, and Sri Laia, and short-term technical assistance teams will assist other Derries in the processes of host country policy analysis, dialogue, and reform. A.1.D. assists developing countries to protect their environment and natural resources by helping them enhance their institutional and scientific knowledge base and management skills. Scientific and technical information on environmental and natural resources management is provided to help develop the capabilities to meet economic objectives without degradation to the natural resources. The four areas of focus are assistance in: planning and preparation of national environmental profiles and conservation strategies; building the institutional capacity of indigenous environmental groups to encourage public participation in national planning and build local responsibility for management; studying relationships between natural systems and agriculture; and developing techniques for analyzing complex natural systems for use in development planning. The mall enterprise approaches to employment activities provide research, training, and technical assistance to strengthen the capabilities of local resource institutions in developing doutries to implement small-scale and micro-enterprise development programs. The focus is on employment generation in the informal sector and micro-enterprises. Assistance is delivered primarily through developing the research base and methods needed to effectively address employment generation as a policy issue. Pield work has been done with A.I.D.-supported institutions and projects in El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, the Eastern Caribbean, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Jordan, and Zaire. Puture activities include asisting various LDCs in project design, evaluation, and sector Surveys. Research will be focused on key issues of intermediary institutions, such as survival and sustainability, scale, target entrepreneurs, economic impact, costs, and effective management and monitoring of activities. Country environmental profiles were completed in Bolivia, Paraguay, Jamaica, Haiti, and Central America as well as a natural resources profile for Thailand. These resulted in proposals for new natural resources management programs. work on national conservation strategies will continue in Botswana, Ecuador, Nepal, and Sri Lanka and the Philippines. A regional profile for the 122 i 123 1341 Carribean was initiated. Technical assistance for institutional development has been provided to non-governmental environmental organizations in Haiti, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Updated environmental profiles will be prepared in at least five target countries during FY 1988. 3. Income ($.2 million in FY 1988; $.3 million in FY 1987) The rural and institutional development program focuses on increasing productivity, incomes and food production among cual families through changes in institutions, policies and the adaptation of technologies. Agroforestry activities concentrate on protecting forests, increasing water quality, and reducing erosion and catastrophic floods. Specific emphasis is on increasing income through the transfer, commercialization and replication of technologies; building and sustaining development institutions; motivating people in the areas of employment, non-farm private enterprise development, natural resource management, and agricultural production support systems, Most developing country policies do not promote small-scale enterprise, labor-intensive production, and activities in rural areas. A.I.D.'s employment and enterprise policy analysis activities provide assistance to developing countries in analyzing the employment and industrial effects of policies, and encourage decision-makers to implement policy changes to diversify and increase non-traditional employment opportunities. In FY 1988, there will be long-term advisors in Bangladesh, Rwanda, and Sri Lanka, and short-term technical assistance teams will assist other countries in the processes of host country policy analysis, dialogue, and reform. The small enterprise approaches to employment activities provide research, training, and technical assistance to strengthen the capabilities of local resource institutions in developing countries to implement small-scale and micro-enterprise development programs. The focus is on employment generation in the informal sector and micro-enterprises. Assistance is delivered primarily through developing the research base and methods needed to effectively address employment generation as a policy issue. Field work has been done with A.1.D.-supported institutions and projects in El Salvador, Costa Rica, Honduras, the Eastern Caribbean, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Jordan, and Zaire. Future activities include assisting various LDCs in project design, evaluation, and sector surveys. Research will be focused on key issues of intermediary institutions, such as survival and sustainability, scale, target entrepreneurs, economic impact, costs, and effective management and monitoring of activities. 1 123 1343 1342 4. Other Activities 1 26 720 1,392 300 N SUS OO. 100 COO 055 SCE 1 ($.8 million in FY 1988; $.2 million in PY 1987) The Information as a tool in Development project is the principal A.I.D. information effort. This effort processes technical reports and program documents and disseminatess them to development institutions and professionals. The Program Development and Support activity funds special studies and small exploratory activities which have potential in A.I.D.'s development assistance efforts. Small grants have been awarded to support collaborative research, and to encourage information exchange among countries through conferences and workshops. Centrally-mana jed projects support research and technical assistance on the multisectoral development issues covered by this account. The Integrated Studies and System activity supports evaluations of the impact of A.I.D.'s development activities; the Title IX Program promotes broad participation in development; and socioeconomic studies and activities research information on development issues and new approaches to policy-making and program selection. 100 CS6 710 00 . ៖ 1,900 5,003 1 1.292 350 735 ៖ ; OCOS 1.236 1.293 1,792 sos 596 1.300 1.264 125 3,871 ...::::: ?'. 3,871 1 1.674 8,722 1942 1.6 1,076 5.342 2E'S 1,192 10,776 6.179 Loud 600 - 6.009 1.737 1.739 2750 oa 0.5 000051 15.25 OCK-2 1,600 Wirts 17.000 O 20,000 : ES 92 28 CO TECHNOLOGY GRANTS LOANS 79 92 84 20 67 A. - OON AAN .UREAU POR SCIENCE AND ININ TOMATO VNC Sinn SNT ON winy G SNALL ENTERPRISE APPROCHES 10 CITIES SANAGING, ENESSY/RES. EXPLOTNET 31-1090 EPPICIEN 930 ELOTNENT AND ENTERPRISE TOTAL FOR PROGRAM .ON preu IS A VNV 101100 TECHNICAL SERVICE SUPPORT CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TECHNICAL BIOENERGY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY OFFICE OF ENERGY ANO 2005-$56 GNY A70 Ties A33056 2015-956 6025-986 124 215-956 CONSERVATION 936-37TRAINING ASST 69-533 0 - 87 - 43 1 1343 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/03/87 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED • SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES CP 85-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITL! L PY OR PY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G DSLIC OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH PYSS• OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY: 7- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYER- OSLIS EXEN- ATIONS DITURES 69-533 0 - 87 - 43 BJREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT 2,767 2.482 481 285 156 100 200 931-1090 6 78 SNALL ENTERPRISE APPROCHES TO EMPLOYMENT 4.009 6.009 --- 1,499 --- 238 --- 1.266 207 G 82 86 265 935-5402 MANAGING ENERGY/RES. EFFICIENT CITIES 1.737 1,739 1,076 51 125 150 174 300 34 100 99 100 2.750 1.250 3,871 5,342 393 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 1,236 338 200 918 566 3.696 6998 5,342 3,071 893 GRANTS 1,236 308 19 200 566 8.496 6°98 DOO -- O. ... LOANS OFFICE OF ENERGY 1.676 1.792 78 C --- --- --- --- 108 --- 935-5702 3 ENERGY TECHNICAL SERVICE SUPPORT 3 79 92 15.000 --- --- 1.292 1.392 959 1.000 935-5709 SIOENERGY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY 92 10,776 8,722 596 1.293 350 710 350 30,250 15.250 720 3 82 97 6.129 1.800 6.786 626 1,732 705 1,900 305 936-5728 ENERGY POLICY DEV AND CONSERVATION 26.100 7.600 87 92 17.000 400 345 936-5736 ENERGY TRAINING 300 92 20.000 5.000 5.003 3.775 935-5736 3 37 ENERGY RESEARCH AND ENTERPRISE 3.17 936-5426 3 EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISE POLICY ANALYSI 935-372 9) CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TECNWICAL ASST 'notor.. 125 Curatenie don- Acole ion befon Ducardbor 11.10 Dec 1, obodo.. oth chorld 1344 1345 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES PAGE 32 02/03/37 CP 88-02 LFY OP FY OP LOP AND TITLE I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G OBLIO OBLIG AUTMD 935-9997 3 31 15.525 MANPOWER AND ENERGY TRAINING 16.000 -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED PY37- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLI;- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 11.078 9,086 1.613 2.090 354 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 1.969 122.875 36,950 29.765 26,268 6,009 5,115 9,137 10,937 GRANTS 5.775 6,523 122.875 36.350 29.765 24,268 4.009 LOANS 5,115 8.137 10,937 5.775 - 6,523 --- --- SO OFPICE OF FORESTRY AND ENVR NAT RES --- 82 90 i ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND SANAGENENT 6,115 6.115 2.513 1.584 855 324 S32 950 ככל 140 TOTAL FOR PROGRA 6.115 5.115 2,513 1,584 855 324 532 950 GRANTS 730 042 6. 115 6.115 2.513 1,584 855 LOANS 324 532 95 --- 703 840 --- OPICE OF RESEARCM AND UNIVORSITY RELAT:0 525 140 357 --- 160 --- --- TOTAL FOR PROSRA 525 168 140 357 140 --- GRANTS 525 163 160 357 LOANS 160 --- 72 C 3.611 2.376 16 1.035 2 25 בטי 30 ספר 126 9. AGI. THOUSA SELECT. VELOPMENT CTIVITIES -es OPSONS DITURES LI ALONS -THROU PYSS LIS-EN- ATIONS DITURES 13 ONS OITURES LOP PLANNID AUTHO YOYO INITIAL FINAL DILIG OSLIG HOO 05 30 1.03. 15 30 00 225 . 1.03. PROGRAM 2.374 GRANTS 7.47 ..202 LOANS 8.07 32.263 13.1. 191.00 *** .232 ..07 TOTAL POR DUREAU GRANTS LOANS POLICY COOHOINATION 14) 80 C 3 Sector ONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES .. 100 190 10 3 C ONENS OPPORTUNITIES 935-033 3 60 INTEGRATID STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 931-0100 C 10 STRATEGIES AND RESOUICOS 930-0232 16 C INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN 81 C SURVEYS AND EVALUATION SUPPORT PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. 1 935-5517 935-5052 PROJECT REVIEW PROGRAN OPPICE 935-1406 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT CENTRALLY FUNDED PRORAN. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE TOTAL POR IJR. POR PROGRAM AVO 93)-0022 93)-0023 TITLE IX PROGRAM 935-0078 DEVELOPMENT 931-2236 . 1345 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSE PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF JOLLARS) DAG! 02103797 CP 99-02 318 1.039 225 505 800 800 818 1.033 225 60 309 990 8.070 9.222 13.345 7,475 9.729 --- --- BJR. FOR PROGRAM AND POLICY COORDINATION 80 3.956 2.974 1.959 C 747 1.273 1,483 1.410 950 :: 967 656 542 4D O LO 300 DOO 75 C 3 130 --- 109 94 C 6,696 4,087 920 746 390 1,400 370 550 C 5,759 4,737 525 135 200 200 --- 399 1,500 352 1,290 233 --- --- --- --- --- PROGRAM: CENTRALLY FUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L PY OF FY OR INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG 09LIG LOP PLANNSD AUTHO -THROUGH FY 35- OLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY 36- OLIO SKPIN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIVAT! FY97- 9LIS- EXPON- 4TIONS DITURES -DROOSS FY8- OBLIS- EXPEN ATIONS 3ITURES TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 3.611 2.374 GRANTS 3.611 2.374 LOANS --- TOTAL FOR BUREAU 41.756 32,265 6.715 3.07 9.202 13.345 137.686 49.963 7,675 3.720 GRANTS 61.756 32,265 6,715 137, 486 4,963 ---- LOANS 933-0022 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES AND ACTIVITIES 78 C 1.314 93)-0023 TITLE IX PROGRAM 930-0078 WONENS OPPORTUNITIES 931-OJSS INTEGRATIO STUDIES AND SYSTEMS 933-0100 3 30 ID STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 5, 142 4,155 1.756 1,385 930-0232 INFORMATION AS A TOOL IN DEVELOPENT 933-2256 81 C SURY&TS AND EVALUATION SUPPORT 1.449 1.449 Rolete planned projecte 127 Cunorthy donc - Articoli In obligation dete befon December 31, 1900 weed on the millor and date domision December 11, the FY of fomer obrigation to be planned data 1346 1347 PRISRANI SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CENTRALLY FUNDED • SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AS 02/03/87 • L PY OP FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL G 03LI: LOP PLANNID AUTMD -THROUGH FY95- OBLIG- EXPON- ATIONS DITURES 9176C CP 93-02 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -!116C -ESTINATED PY97- :- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -OSAR CIS Coord- TOTAL POR PROGRAN Sianist OBLI; EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 22.396 18.369 5.972 3,931 2.643 GRANTS 4,10 2..21 3,000 22,396 13,369 5,972 LOANS 1,731 2.643 4,910 2.321 -0 OCC's --- TOTAL FOR BUREAU 22.396 18.369 5.972 3,931 2.643 6,910 GRANTS 2.921 3.000 22.396 19.369 LOANS 5.972 3.931 2,043 --- 6,910 --- 2.821 3,500 -- --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 137,436 47.963 56,152 50,536 12.687 12.001 11.345 GRANTS 13,235 10,295 11.729 137,436 49.963 64.152 50.634 LOANS 12.687 12.301 11.345 18,255 10,296 11,729 --- --- 12a SUNARY ACTIVADO.....RO MOUSANDS OF DOLLARS ONN. -ZAA Gantiso - Inc De -PO-OSOPO.- OOLTO- ATTON -THROUGH PYO- DOLIG- XEN- ATIONS DITUR:S YOO- EXPEN- OITURES -ACTUAL OOLIO- ATIONS ITIONS ITU. • é PORAN CENTRALLY PUNDED ECONOMIC SUPPORT PROJECT NO. LPY OF POP LOP ANO TITLE INITIAL FINAL PLANNED OSLI OBLIC AUTO IUREAU POR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OPPICE OF ENERGY 935-9726 G S. 100 CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TECHNICAL 4.035 ASST 1.000 1.732 1.095 1.635 2.207 2.630 CO 26 1.732 1.030 1.096 1.435 2.207 2.500 TOTAL POR PROGRA 5.100 4.035 1.732 1.000 1.96 1.635 2207 2.600 GRANTS 5.100 .035 --- LOANS 1.732 1.000 1.096 1.435 2. 207 2.600 5. 100 4.035 1,732 TOTAL POR BUREAU 1.000 1.096 2. 207 1.435 --- 2.600 --- --- GRANTS 5.100 4.035 --- LOANS 1.000 1,732 L 1.435 2.207 1.096 2.600 1.132 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.100 4.035 1.009 1,096 , 2. 207 1.435 2.600 --- GRANTS 5. 100 4.035 , LOANS 1347 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 35 02/03/ 37 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - ECONONIC SUPPORT UND CP 88-02 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L FY OF FI OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGH PY85- BOLIG- ELPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -OSTIMATED FY87- JOLIS- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY: 8 OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOS Y OPPICE OP ENERGY --- 1.435 1.095 1.000 1.32 LOANS --- OOO --- --- 2. 207 1.435 1.096 1.000 1.732 ... .. 2.600 2. 207 1.435 1.095 1.000 1.732 --- --- 200 O. 5.100 6035 2.600 2,207 1.435 1.095 1.000 1,732 935-5726 G 85 92 CONVENTIONAL ENERGY TECHNICAL ASST TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 2.600 2,207 1,435 1.096 1.000 1.732 5.100 6035 GRANTS 2.600 2.207 5.100 4.035 TOTAL POR BUREAU 2.600 2,207 1.435 1,096 1.000 1,732 5.100 6035 GRANTS 2.600 5.100 4.035 a LOANS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 2.600 2.207 5. 100 4,335 1.435 1,096 1.000 1,732 GRANTS 5.100 4,035 LOANS Men to the procedury 129 Curele chord FY-Alprochaine blitton do to December 1, 1901 dowthorised do te prodhimit on ou Debe 31,0PY al fuel obtienen poco 1348 1349 CENTRALLY FUNDED SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 44-9997 Conventional Energy Training - Trains less developed country nationals in scientific, engineering, planning and manager ial skills necessary to develop and manage conventional energy activities. Office of Rural and Institutional Development Office of Porestry and Environmental and Natural Resources 931-1090 Small Enterprise Approaches to Employment Identifies approaches and designs programs to improve employment opportuni- ties, productivity and enterprise viability in the non-farm, small enterprise sector. 936-5517 Environmental Planning and Management Provides short. tern advisory services and planning for environmental profiles and national conservation strategies in order to strengthen less developed country institutional capacity to manage and conserve natural resources for sustainable development. 936-5402 Managing Energy Resource Efficient Cities Adapts, tests and promotes energy and resource conserving approaches for rapidly growing small and medium sized cities. A key to the project is a highly participatory management system in which problems are solved collaboratively by local officials, private sector representatives and citizens. 936-5426 Employment and Enterprise Policy Analysis - Provides analytical inputs into the process of employment and industrial policy reform to eliminate policy biases against labor-intensive production and smaller enterprises. Research and University Relations 336-5052 Project Review Provides assistance in evaluating On-going projects, the development of new projects, the selectic and review of new research proposals. Office of Energy 936-5702 Energy Technical Service Support Provides short-term professional, scientific and technical consultants to less developed country governments for energy program planning, needs assessment and technology application. Program Office 936-1406 Program Development and Support - Provides technical expertise, goods and services to improve program development, project design, implementation and evaluation of less develope country programs. Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination 930-0022 Socio-Economic Studies and Activities Supports research on U.S. assistance policies and programs; areas of inquiry include the role of the private and public sectors in developing countries, price policies for public sector servic criteria for allocations of food assistance, and the relatior of energy cost to debt. 936-5724 Conventional Energy Technical Assistance Assists less developed countries identify and evaluate indigenous conventional energy resources, and use them in a way that helps solve energy supply problems and reduce dependence on oil imports. 936-5728 Energy Policy Development and Conservation Assists less developed countries develop institutions, personnel, and processes capable of effective energy policy-making: provides assistance for the design of specific policies, programs and investments needed to relieve energy problems and to achieve improvements in the efficiency of energy use. 936-5734 Energy Training - Assesses developing countries' energy sector manpower needs and trains LDC nationals in engineering, planning and managerial skills necessary to develop and manage indigenous energy resources and technologies. 936-5736 Energy Research and Enterprise - Develops and tests operational models for indigenous technology innovation and development in the energy sector. 930-0023 Title IX Program Promotes broader, more equitabl participation in development with technical assistance provi to increase adherence to civil and political rights to strei legal systems, to encourage electoral reform, and to educat individuals in their rights to and responsibilities for pro under fundamental principles of law. 930-0085 Integrated studies and Systems Provides for comprehensive evaluations of assistance programs in areas significant topical interest and development expenditure a assists developing countries in their evaluation of projec progress. 130 131 1349 936-9997 Conventional Energy Training - Trains less developed country nationals in scientific, engineering, planning and managerial skills necessary to develop and manage conventional energy activities. Office of Forestry and Environmental and Natural Resources 936-5517 Environmental Planning and Management Provides short- term advisory services and planning for environmental profiles and national conservation strategies in order to strengthen less developed country institutional capacity to manage and conserve natural resources for sustainable development. Research and University Relations 936-5052 Project Review - Provides assistance in evaluating on-going projects, the development of new projects, the selection and review of new research proposals. Program Office 936-1406 Program Development and Support Provides technical expertise, goods and services to improve program development, project design, implementation and evaluation of less developed country programs. Bureau for Program and Policy coordination 930-0022 Socio-Economic Studies and Activities - Supports research on U.S. assistance policies and programs; areas of inquiry include the role of the private and public sectors in developing countries, price policies for public sector services, criteria for allocations of food assistance, and the relationship of energy cost to debt. 930-0023 Title IX Program Promotes broader, more equitable participation in development with technical assistance provided to increase adherence to civil and political rights to strengthen legal systems, to encourage electoral reform, and to educate individuals in their rights to and responsibilities for protection. under fundamental principles of law. 930-0085 Integrated Studies and Systems Provides for comprehensive evaluations of assistance programs in areas of significant topical interest and development expenditure and assists developing countries in their evaluation of project progress. 131 1350 1351 930-0100 WID Strategies and Resources Facilitates the inclusion of women into A.I.D. assistance programs with technical assistance such as that drawn from U.S. university WID centers, and action- oriented, applied research to enhance employment and income earning opportunities for women in the developing countries. 930-2256 Surveys and Evaluation Support - Provides technical assistance to governments of developing countries to make substantive improvements to and better use of their statistical information base. Responsible Officer: NEAL PEDEN Assistant Administrator Bureau for Private Enterprise BUREAU FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE 132 ! 1 ایر 1351 BUREAU FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE Responsible Officer:) NEAL PEDEN Assistant Administrator Bureau for Private Enterprise 133 1852 1353 PROGRAM SUMMARY (In millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1986 Actual FY 1988 Request PRE has focused on facilitating policy reform needed to improve the business climate, strengthening capital markets, transferring technology and providing training in both developing countries and within A. 1.D. The program is designed to reinforce the congressional mandate to help improve the lives of the poor in A.I.D. -assisted countries through economic growth and increased income and employment opportunities made possible by private business activities. 40.8* 33.5* 32.5* Bureau for private Enterprise STRATEGIC APPROACH OVERVIEW: He's strategic approach toward reaching those objectives is through the following key program elements. Mission Support: A primary focus of the Bureau strategy is to provide A. 1.0. Missions with policy and procedural guidance in developing strategies and programs to facilitate host country policy refors that promotes private sector-led economic growth. Key elements are strategic planning for overall A. 1.0 Bission private enterprise programming, privatization and divestiture of state-owned enterprises, financial markets developaent, commercialization of technology and training. Th Bureau provides a balanced package of services that allows 1.1. D. missions to program their resources to promote the proper institutional framework for free market development in host countries. The Bureau for Private Enterprise (PRE) provides leadership and guidance to A.1.D. in promoting the use of private enterprise mechanisms and market based solutions to achieve self-sustaining equitable economic growth and social development. The establishment of the Bureau in 1981 corresponded with the recognition by the governments of many nations, including those of developing countries, that predominantly public-sector dominated development approaches were not achieving the economic growth needed to efficiently and successfully meet basic human needs. While non-governmental organizations have always played an important role in A.1.D. assistance overseas, until more recently, most aid had historically been channeled through a government-to-government framework. The Bureau for Private Enterprise is a central bureau with both line and operational functions, providing direct technical assistance to Missions and serving as a laboratory for developing cost-effective, innovative, private enterprise approaches to achieving self-sustaining development. PRE's budget is divided among four primary functions: The Private Sector Revolving Fund, grants to "business development organizations," direct Mission support activities and programs to support housing and urban development activities. PRE's medium and long-term objectives include: Helping needy peoples of developing countries through the implementation of innovative, replicable growth-oriented private sector projects; Providing a strong capacity to support Missions in the development of market economies, and financial markets, and in divestiture and privatization to help guide developing countries toward reliance on market and private enterprise-based solutions to development problems; and Assisting, through the provision of technical and capital assistance, Missions to undertake shelter and urban programs that improve the living conditions of the urban poor. The Revolving Loan Fund: The Private sector Revolving Loan fund leverages support for innovative, financially viable activities that lil support small-to-medium-sized businesses promotes commission of u.s. technology; growth of indigenious financial markets; development of innovative financial Instruments and (2) can be replicated by A. 1.D. Missions and host countries. PRE has initiated significant innovative lending concepts and projects which can be instructive to A. 1.0. Missions in terms of the opportunities for lending to the developing country private sector and the variety of lending/investment mode's which can be developed. Support to Business Development Organizations: The Bureau continues to provide support to a number of organizations provide support directly to businesses, in developing The International Executive Service Corps (IES and the cooperative development organizations (C00s) provi direct link between the V.S. private sector and developing country businesses by transferring management skills and technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness o private firms. The Bureau is working with IESC and the o help focus their programming in areas most responsive to A.1.D.'s strategic thrusts. countries. ThcTudes $300,000 For The Office of The Private Sector Coordinator (OPSC). 135 AID 370-3 (8-83) 134 1353 PRE has focused on facilitating policy reform needed to improve the business climate, strengthening capital markets, transferring technology and providing training in both developing countries and within A. I.D. The program is designed to reinforce the congressional mandate to help improve the lives of the poor in A. I.D. -assisted countries through economic growth and increased income and employment opportunities made possible by private business activities. STRATEGIC APPROACH PRE's strategic approach toward reaching those objectives is through the following key program elements. Mission Support: A primary focus of the Bureau strategy is to provide A.T.D. Missions with policy and procedural guidance in developing strategies and programs to facilitate host country policy reform that promotes private sector-led economic growth. Key elements are strategic planning for overall A. I.D. mission private enterprise programming, privatization and divestiture of state-owned enterprises, financial markets development, commercialization of technology and training. The Bureau provides a balanced package of services that allows A. 1.D. missions to program their resources to promote the proper institutional framework for free market development in host countries. ! st $ The Revolving Loan Fund: The Private Sector Revolving Loan fund Teverages support for innovative, financially viable activities that (1) support small-to-medium-sized businesses, promotes commission of U.S. technology; growth of indigenious financial markets; development of innovative financial instruments and (2) can be replicated by A. 1.D. Missions and host countries. PRE has initiated significant innovative Tending concepts and projects which can be instructive to A. I.D. Missions in terms of the opportunities for lending to the developing country private sector and the variety of lending/investment mode's which can be developed. Support to Business Development Organizations: The Bureau continues to provide support to a number of organizations which provide support directly to businesses, in developing countries, The International Executive Service Corps (IESC) and the cooperative development organizations (CDOs) provide a direct link between the u.s. private sector and developing country businesses by transferring management skills and technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of private firms. The Bureau is working with IESC and the CDOs to help focus their programming in areas most responsive to A. 1.D.'s strategic thrusts. 135 1854 1355 Commercialization of Technology. The Bureau will continue to provide funding and technical support for a variety of activities which can be termed "Commercialization of Technology." Commercialization of technology is integrated into many of the Bureau's programs in that technology transfer can provide the basis for successful commercial enterprise while, at the same time, addressing specific development problems. Training. The PRE Bureau recognizes the crucial need for continuing professional development, to permit the Bureau to carry out the necessary managerial roles in pursuing the Bureau's program objectives. Equally, the Bureau recognizes the need for increased awareness within the Agency concerning its private sector development activities, and for increased training opportunities for Agency staff and host country personnel. The two-week Private Sector in Development training course has been recognized as one of the most effective staff training modules ever developed. PRE has offered this course in A. I.D. /Washington, and in FY 1987 will be taking it 'on the road" overseas. fureau for Private Enterprise consists of four major *748, ode of which - the Office of Housing and Urban *P!NS (PRE/H) • has been an operating unit within A. 1.D. for me and was transferred to PRE when the Bureau was lished. The other three offices are the Office of dira levien, the Office of Investment, and the Office of miest developpent. The latter three offices are responsible strategic planning, developing, managing and evaluating new rute enterprise programs and projects in response to the aistration's private enterprise initiative. Shelter_and Urban Development Program Support: Working through the MT5stons, the shelter and urban development program policy agenda is to assist developing nations to adopt policies and programs which will provide adequate, if bare-bones, shelter for all citizens within a finite period of time. The approach is (1) To expand the availability of long-term housing finance, with emphasis on maximizing the role of private sector institutions in the provision of credit for lower income families; (2) To provide the opportunity to private individuals and families and developers and contractors to produce low-income housing; and (3) To increase the efficiency of public sector shelter institutions in providing shelter and especially infrastructure for shelter to low-income households. Driven by the Agency's privatization and decentralization themes, PRE's urban strategy is to work with Missions in furthering the collective understanding and expertise in a limited number of related areas: urban management, urban infrastructure, privatization of housing construction and finance and land tenure. PRE is the repository for most of the Agency's urban development experience. It also disseminates lessons learned through training programs conducted in the United States and in developing countries. "I separate detailed narrative description of the PRE/H program tay be found in the Main volume. 136 137 1355 ORGANIZATION The Bureau for private Enterprise consists of four major offices, one of which - the Office of Housing and Urban Programs (PRE/H) - has been an operating unit within A.I.D. for some time and was transferred to PRE when the Bureau was established. * The other three offices are the Office of Program Review, the Office of Investment, and the Office of Project Development. The latter three offices are responsible for strategic planning, developing, managing and evaluating new private enterprise programs and projects in response to the Administration's private enterprise initiative. *1 separate detailed narrative description 'of the PRE/H program may be found in the Main Volume. 137 1356 1357 foreign assistance funds are to be achieved on an Agency-wide bests. By the end of FY 1986 the total value of PCPG and RF loans bad reached $65.8 million. The investment program targets the smaller-sized business sector because this sector has a higher employment-generating capability. As authorized by Congress in November 1983, the Revolving Fund vas originally to be capitalized by: Specific activities are: 1. Office of Program Review (PRE/PR): PRE/PR serves as the central clearing house for all programs and projects undertaken by PRE. It is responsible for the development and implementation of strategies and policies which encourage programs and projects that strengthen the role of private enterprise as an effective alternative mechanism for meeting basic human needs requirements in developing countries. The Office is also responsible for Bureau budgeting and evaluation. In addition to serving as primary decision-making tools, the Bureau's evaluation activities, especially as they relate to the Revolving Fund, provide the information needed for project replication purposes. Program Activity (000s ) Funding Program Development and $ 470.8 (G) Support Evaluation $ 300.0 (G) $60 million of direct appropriations ($20 Million annually in FYs 84, 85 and 86; larnings on investment of the Revolving Fund capital; and interest and fees on revolving fund reflow assets (loan). Appropriated Revolving Fund capital has been received later and sore slowly than originally planned. Original projections on total appropriations needed to capitalize the Revolving Fund included assumptions that, prior to being obligated as loans to private enterprise, RF capital would be invested in U.S. Governaent securities to earn additional capital. Since only reflows can be invested in U.S. securities the fund has "lost" an estimated $10.5 million in earnings as part of the original capitalization, Disbursement of RF loans was also initially slower than anticipated. It is expected that the reflow of principal and interest will provide a sufficient basis for a sustained lending program by FY 1990. TOTAL $ 770.8 (G) 2. Office of Investment (PRE/I): PRE/I is responsible for managing the private sector Revolving Fund (RF) and certain other non-RF loan projects. This office focuses on innovative projects which have replication potential. PRE/I identifies potential investment (loan) opportunities for RF and A.1.0. Mission resources and structures, negotiates the required financing with private sector principals, and provides oversight of the RF investment in the project. Limited funds for project (investment) development and analyses or to provide technical assistance in the strengthening of the borrower's institutional capabilities is occasionally provided from the PRE Investment Development and packaging Project (940-2002) or, if needed, from the Program Development and Support Project (940-0001 1 (See page ). The PRE/I office also manages one project implemented under the productive Credit Guaranty Program (PCGP) - Section 222A of the FAA). The Private Sector Revolving Fund, as a research and development activity within the Agency, is a critical effort if private sector development goals and maximum impact of scarce An annual lending program of $15 to $20 million is considered essential to achieve the RF goals, carry out a meaningful program of 5 to 7 loans to be made on a worldwide basis durin each fiscal year, and to avoid unacceptable variation in the Staff needed to manage the program. To maintain this lending level and to ensure capitalization of the RF at $100 million an additional $16 million in appropriations are required in 1988. Additional appropriations are needed in lieu of the initial interest and earnings on reflows which were original intended to provide the additional capitalization for the f After FY 1988, annual reflows from the RF lending program a estimated at between $10 and $20 million, sufficient to per 4 meaningful scale of operation on a self-sustaining basis Any reflows over the $100 million level will be returned t Treasury. 138 139 1357 foreign assistance funds are to be achieved on an Agency-wide basis. By the end of FY 1986 the total value of PCPG and RF loans had reached $65.8 million. The investment program targets the smaller-sized business sector because this sector has a higher employment-generating capability. As authorized by Congress in November 1983, the Revolving Fund was originally to be capitalized by: $60 million of direct appropriations ($20 Million annually in FYS 84, 85 and 86; Earnings on investment of the Revolving Fund capital; and interest and fees on revolving fund reflow assets (loan). Appropriated Revolving Fund capital has been received later and more slowly than originally planned. Original projections on total appropriations needed to capitalize the Revolving Fund included assumptions that, prior to being obligated as loans to private enterprise, RF capital would be invested in U.S. Government securities to earn additional capital. Since only reflows can be invested in U.S. securities the fund has "lost" an estimated $10.5 million in earnings as part of the original capitalization. Disbursement of RF loans was also initially slower than anticipated. It is expected that the reflow of principal and interest will provide a sufficient basis for a sustained lending program by FY 1990. An annual lending program of $15 to $20 million is considered essential to achieve the RF goals, carry out a meaningful program of 5 to 7 loans to be made on a worldwide basis during each fiscal year, and to avoid unacceptable variation in the staff needed to manage the program. to maintain this lending level and to ensure capitalization of the RF at $100 million, an additional $16 million in appropriations are required in FY 1988. Additional appropriations are needed in lieu of the initial interest and earnings on reflows which were originally intended to provide the additional capitalization for the fund. After FY 1988, annual reflows from the RF lending program are estimated at between $10 and $20 million, sufficient to permit a meaningful scale of operation on a self-sustaining basis. Any reflows over the $100 million level will be returned to the Treasury. . 1 139 1359 1358 PRE/I's $12.5 million dollar budget request for additional resources in FY 1988 would support: programs and for addressing major urban issues in developing countries. PRE/H adalnisters the Housing Guaranty (HG) Progran which was developed in the early 1960s as part of the V. S. foreign assistance effort to respond to the rapidly mounting worldwide shortage of adequate shelter. * Program Activity ($000s) Funding Revolving Fund Loans $ 15,000.0 (L)* Investment Development and Packaging 500.0 (G) TOTAL $ 15,500.0* *Includes $12 million in new appropriations and $3 million in reflows. legional offices are located in Nairobi, Kenya ; Ab 1jan, Ivory coise; funts, Tunisia; Panama City, Panama; Bangkok, Thailand; Lingston , Jamaica; and Tegucigalpa, Honduras. These regional offices provide assistance to A. 1. D. Missions in addressing the urbanization process now under way in LDCS, with its massive regutrenents for jobs, shelter, infrastructure, and facilities to service the existing and future urban populations (expected to be a najority of the total LDC population by the year 2000). The PRE/H progras budget request of $4.8 million for FY 1988 1s distributed as follows: (5000's) Funding Program Activity Project Development and Support Housing & Urban Prograas $1,000 (G) $ 3,750 (G) $4,750 (6) 3. Office of Project Development (PRE/PD) This office is responsible for developing and implementing programs that provide A.I.D. Missions with the ability to effect institutional reform that promotes economic growth in developing countries through private enterprise, and that provide direct support to host country businesses through the transfer of V.S. management skills and technology. The programs targeted to A.1.D. Missions focus on strategic planning to leverage Missions' resources for policy reforn, privatization of state-owned enterprises, financial market development, commercialization of technology and training. Direct assistance to business firms is provided through retired U.S. corporate executives and by the support to development of private, democratically controlled cooperatives. PRE/PD's budget request of a $14.130 million dollars for FY 1988 is broken down as follows: Program Activity (000s) Funding TOTAL INPLEMENTATION Specific progran activities of the four PRE Bureau offices covered above are described in more detail below. Private Enterprise Development Strategy & Support Financial Market Development Divestiture & Privatization Commercialization of Technology Training Development International Executive Service Corps (IESC) Cooperatives and Business Development $ 1,750.0 (G) $ 600.0 (G) 2,250.0 (G) 200.0 (G) 500.0 (G) "A nore detailed discussion of the Housing Guarantee Program my be found in the Other Prograns section of the Main Yolune. $ 5,260.0 (G) $_3,570.6 (6) TOTAL $14,130.6 (G) 4. Office of Housing and Urban Programs (PRE/H): The Office of Housing and Urban Programs (PRE/H) has primary responsibility for A.1.D.'s urban and shelter policy and 141 140 1359 programs and for addressing major urban issues in developing countries. PRE/H administers the Housing Guaranty (HG) Program which was developed in the early 1960s as part of the U.S. foreign assistance effort to respond to the rapidly mounting worldwide shortage of adequate shelter. * Regional offices are located in Nairobi, Kenya; Abijan, Ivory Coast; Tunis, Tunisia; Panama City, Panama; Bangkok, Thailand; Kingston, Jamaica; and Tegucigalpa, Honduras. These regional offices provide assistance to A. 1.D. Missions in addressing the urbanization process now under way in LDCS, with its massive requirements for jobs, shelter, infrastructure, and facilities to service the existing and future urban populations (expected to be a majority of the total LDC population by the year 2000). The PRE/H program budget request of $4.8 million for FY 1988 is distributed as follows: ($000's) Funding Program Activity Project Development and Support Housing & Urban Programs $1,000 (6) $ 3,750 (G) $ 4,750 (6) TOTAL IMPLEMENTATION Specific program activities of the four PRE Bureau offices covered above are described in more detail below. *1 more detailed discussion of the Housing Guarantee Program may be found in the Other Programs section of the Main Volume. 141 1360 1361 1. Office of Program Review (PRE/PR) coudry oission of PRE is to demonstrate both within A.1.0. in recipient countries that direct private sector delivery The Office is responsible for evaluation, strategy and policy Euises are feasible, developmentally sound, cost-effective development and technical support for new initiative is replicable with significant growth potential. A prime development. nation, therefore, of PRE's evaluation activities, in sation to providing information essential for informed 1.1 Policy Dialogue and Change: During FY 1988, guided by siat-aking, is to contribute to the assessment and PRE/PR, the Bureau efforts will focus on areas related to the Denverent of alternative models and to the documentation and policy dialogue agenda which the Agency has in any given semination of successful private enterprise approaches. country either at the request of a Mission or in conjunction i ing FY 1986, PRE developed a system for evaluation using with PRE project activity. Policy issues are specifically is podel' approach. By the end of FY 1986 four case studies addressed in each revolving loan fund activity and PRE'S Senza Comercial Bank, Wafabank in Morocco, Kenya Leather projects on private Enterprise Development Support, Financial astries and Antigua Shrimpery) were begun to develop two Markets Development and Divestiture and privatization. *** -- one for intermediary financial institutions and one direct investoents. These will be completed in early FY 1.2 940-0001 - Program Development and Support At least four loan projects will be evaluated per year. ($470,8001? Through these activities, the PRE staff and krojects will be selected based on performance and need, business experts provide considerable program development and **1987, PRE anticipates evaluation of the Far East Bank and problem solving assistance to A.I.D. Missions, host country ist , the Caribbean Basin Corporation, the FINADE governments, and private businesses in developing countries. testnent/Development Bank, and, in Ecuador, both FINADE and Specific assistance activities under this project tend to be of KUASA loan agreements. The pace and number of models a short-term nature li.e., four to six weeks duration) and developed will accelerate in FY 1988 as more loan activities address specific design issues, management/technical problems, Che sufficient level of maturity to produce useful lessons and project assessments and evaluation. It is essential to have resources available to respond quickly and resolve potential problems before they become major areas of concern. eta evaluated. In addition to providing the basis for Funding under this project will also support overall PRE operations by providing resources for improved management, programming and policy decisions. This includes work related to improving the PRE management information system as it relates to both budgeting and evaluation, such as establishing systems for monitoring loan disbursements. The objective is to improve capacity and capability for more informed management decisions within the Bureau. Allocations from this project will occasionally be made to PRE/I for grant support activities. 1.3 940-0001 - Evaluations ($300,000): A major focus of the Bureau evaluation program is to provide practical information to Bureau management, and to document Bureau programs in a manner useful to the Agency as a whole for replication purposes. turned through evaluation. ly the end of FY 1987 all major PRE grantee programs will have interned decision-making (which is particularly applicable to She cooperative development organization institutional support pants which are on a planned funding reduction schedule), the luations will provide the data needed for an overall isessaent of this segment of PRE's portfolio. Evaluations of grant funded activities of the National cooperative Business Association (NCBA), Agriculture Cooperative Development International (ACDI), Young Presidents Organization (YPO) and the pilot Farmer-to-Farmer program were started late FY 1986. The International Executive Service Corps (IESC) grant is scheduled for evaluation in FY 1987, 1. Office of Investment (PRE/I) the office of Investment manages the private sector Revolving Fontwhich provides financing to private enterprises in Selected developing countries. With the office of Program Renex and the Office of Project Development, it provides assistance to host countries interested in developing stronger capital parket systems and related institutions. 142 1 143 1361 A primary mission of PRE is to demonstrate both within A.1.D. and recipient countries that direct private sector delivery mechanisms are feasible, developmentally sound, cost-effective and replicable with significant growth potential. A prime function, therefore, of PRE's evaluation activities, in addition to providing information essential for informed decision-making, is to contribute to the assessment and improvement of alternative models and to the documentation and dissemination of successful private enterprise approaches. During FY 1986, PRE developed a system for evaluation using this "model" approach. By the end of FY 1986 four case studies (Kenya Commercial Bank, Wafabank in Morocco, Kenya Leather Industries and Antigua Shrimpery) were begun to develop two models -- one for intermediary financial institutions and one for direct investments. These will be completed in early FY 1987. At least four loan projects will be evaluated per year. The projects will be selected based on performance and need. In FY 1987, PRE anticipates evaluation of the Far East Bank and Trust, the Caribbean Basin Corporation, the FINADE Investment/Development Bank, and, in Ecuador, both FINADE and FINGUASA loan agreements. The pace and number of models developed will accelerate in FY 1988 as more loan activities reach a sufficient level of maturity to produce useful lessons learned through evaluation. By the end of FY 1987 all major PRE grantee programs will have been evaluated. In addition to providing the basis for informed decision-making (which is particularly applicable to the cooperative development organization institutional support grants which are on a planned funding reduction schedule), the evaluations will provide the data needed for an overall assessment of this segment of PRE's portfolio. Evaluations of grant funded activities of the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA), Agriculture Cooperative Development International (ACDI), Young Presidents' Organization (YPO) and the pilot Farmer-to-Farmer program were started late FY 1986. The International Executive Service Corps (IESC) grant is scheduled for evaluation in FY 1987. 2. Office of Investment (PRE/I) The Office of Investment manages the private sector Revolving Fund, which provides financing to private enterprises in selected developing countries. With the Office of Program Review and the Office of Project Development, it provides assistance to host countries interested in developing stronger capital market systems and related institutions. 143 1363 1362 . Hillage businesses and rural bank customers in Indonesia; Artisans in Northern Thailand; Light sanufacturers in Moroccco, exporting to Europe. iz trestnent progran targets the small- and medium-sized stress sector because this sector has a higher selyment-generating capability at lower cost. The station of a smaller-scale business focus and investments es reflect market teras for credit results in efficient and zly-sustaining job generation. 2.1. 940-0002 - Revolving Fund ($12 million loan): FY 1988 will bring a fifth tranche of appropriated funds to the Revolving Fund. PRE/I will focus its Revolving Fund investments, and Program Development and Support Project (940-0001) funded investment analyses, technical studies, and institution-building grants in three principal areas: (i) The capitalization or expansion of private financial intermediaries, as a way of providing needed private sector financing and other services required by small and micro-enterprises; (ii) Support for small and medium-sized agribusinesses which add value to agricultural produce, and which need technical assistance, production inputs, credit and marketing services; and (iii) Research and Development (R&D) including the development of innovative investment techniques, concepts and instruments. For example, venture capital funds established in intermediate institutions to capitalize new business starts including technology-related venture start-ups resulting in the transfer, adaptation and commercialization of technology (principally agroindustrial) for the manufacture and marketing of new products or processes in developing countries. As a matter of policy the Bureau for Private Enterprise makes investments so as to avoid an over-concentration of resources in any one geographical area. This is consistent with the enabling legislation that specifies that not more than 20 percent of Revolving Fund assets may be allocated to any single country. As of September 30, 1986, distribution of the Revolving Fund portfolio by region follows: Region Balance Data Asia/Near East $28, 600.00 64% Latin America/Caribbean 11,850,00 26% Africa 3,250.00 7% Worldwide 1,200.00 3% ay tirect loans in the Revolving Fund portfolio emphasize the ordestness sector, including projects which link the small par to nucleus estate enterprises. Examples are the suster house and meat processing project' in Thailand, which till create substantial new markets for livestock farmers; and vegetable production operations in the Caribbean, providing contract production opportunities for producers. The focus on # agribusiness sector and, through backward linkages, to the ham production sector, reflects the emphasis on wartet-oriented developpent in rural areas. 3F7 1986, a direct loan was negotiated with The Serun institute of India, Limited, to expand existing facilities for de manufacture of bacterial vaccines and blood products, and 3 establish new facilities for the manufacture of viral A measles vaccine. In addition to stimulating private sector development and employment generation. This project will have I dranatic iapact on high mortality rates in India, especially ir children under five years of age. Substantial leveraging A.1.D. funds in all loans has been achieved. Leverage through Ifis is one dollar of private funds for each A.1.0. dollar and 2:1 at the subborrower level. verage achieved through direct loans is 3:1. As a result, 41.0. resources channeled through the loan program attract at feast an equivalent amount, and sometimes two to three times the anount, in private sector resources. $44,900.00 100% In FY 1987, the Bureau will be actively seeking to expand its investment activities especially in the Africa region. The investment program emphasizes small business and employment generation: all of the loans target the smaller-scale business sector. This is done largely by making loans to private intermediary financial institutions (IFIs) for the purpose of inducing them to lend to this higher-risk market. Examples of such projects are lev FY 1986 IFI loans in the Revolving Fund portfolio include Three loans nade to U.S. banks to issue stand-by letters of credit in faver of three local lending banks. The local banks will make subloans to small- and medium-sized private enterprises located in the Philippines, but outside netropolitan Manila. These projects will have a positive impact in six areas: private sector development; 145 144 1863 Village businesses and rural bank customers in Indonesia; Artisans in Northern Thailand; Light manufacturers in Moroccco, exporting to Europe. The investment program targets the small- and medium-sized business sector because this sector has a higher employment-generating capability at lower cost. The combination of a smaller-scale business focus and investments which reflect market terms for credit results in efficient and self-sustaining job generation. The direct loans in the Revolving Fund portfolio emphasize the agribusiness sector, including projects which link the small farmer to nucleus estate enterprises. Examples are the slaughter house and meat processing project' in Thailand, which will create substantial new markets for livestock farmers; and the vegetable production operations in the Caribbean, providing contract production opportunities for producers. The focus on the agribusiness sector and, through backward linkages, to the farm production sector, reflects the emphasis on market-oriented development in rural areas. In FY 1986, a direct loan was negotiated with The Serum Institute of India, Limited, to expand existing facilities for the manufacture of bacteriai vaccines and blood products, and to establish new facilities for the manufacture of viral A measles vaccine. In addition to stimulating private sector development and employment generation. This project will have a dramatic impact on high mortality rates in India, especially for children under five years of age. Substantial leveraging of A.1.0. funds in all loans has been achieved. Leverage through ifis is one dollar of private funds for each A.I.D. dollar and 2:1 at the subborrower level. Leverage achieved through direct loans is 3:1. As a result, A.1.D. resources channeled through the loan program attract at least an equivalent amount, and sometimes two to three times the amount, in private sector resources. New FY 1986 IFI loans in the Revolving Fund portfolio include Three loans made to U.S. banks to issue stand-by letters of credit in faver of three local lending banks. The local banks will make subloans to small- and medium-sized private enterprises located in the Philippines, but outside metropolitan Manila. These projects will have a positive impact in six areas: private sector development; 145 1865 1364 prut funds have been provided. These grant funds have helped 110 9760 700 1.12 34 SO 3.510 7.130 100 200 SO TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 162 306 45 9.66 500 110 --- 1.270 GRANTS 7.130 8.400 LOANS --- 60 502 1,500 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 1503 600 820 2.000 82 95 1,800 3 300 1,500 2.250 INVESTNENT PACKAGING 2.600 350 --- 88 3.100 3.100 --- --- 70 INTL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS (IESC) --- --- 43Z 1.546 1.064 750 1.546 1546 S 32 85 ככ3 5 203 769 JOINT AGRICULTURE CONSULTATIVE CORPIRATI --- 130 690 293 1 30 SO 292 3 95 DIVESTITURE AND PRIVATIZATION 600 146 776 --- --- 92 92 C 237 --- COOPERATIVE TO COOPERATIVE GRANTS 591 --- 910 919 010 --- --- 35 --- --- 570 ; 95 COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF THE USA (CLUSA) --- 390 950 35 35 ORLD COJNCIL OF CREDIT 90-0902 943-000. 043-0005 949-DDD 943-0209 943-0219 943-0220 159 > 1377 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PA 02/03187 PROGRAN: CENTRALLY PUNDEO - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION CP 88-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OR PY OP INITIAL FINAL OOLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED PY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY8 OBLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES L 32 C 8.400 7.130 1.270 --- --- 9.660 500 85 C 110 DOO 45 142 304 SO 102 200 *S 1.412 394 59 9.760 700 110 ... 45 142 304 50 100 200 7.130 1,270 9,669 500 3 82 35 600 502 40 --- BDO 800 58 --- --- --- 350 1.500 2,250 1.200 2.000 1,503 1,500 3 32 95 1.546 1.546 1,546 1.064 ... 482 --- ... --- --- 293 --- 203 769 ככ! 59 750 2 C 776 166 400 292 130 509 130 450 35 913 910 910 591 --- 237 ... 92 --- --- 950 380 --- 570 --- --- --- --- SUREAU FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT 940-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 941-2002 G INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 3.510 7.130 GRANTS LOANS 9.400 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 949-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 2.600 943-0004 3 70 INTL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS CIESC) 8.100 8.100 943-0005 JOINT AGRICULTURE :ONSULTATIVE CORPORATI 943-0003 3 35 : OZVESTITURE AND PRIVATIZATION 943-020 3 COOPERATIVE TO COOPERATIVE ÖRANTS 943-0219 : SS COOPERATIVE LEAGUE OF THE USA (CLUSA) . 35 35 943-0220 WORLD COUNCIL OP CREDIT UNIONS (OCCU) Roten to the planned project my shoes 159 Clel of art activity FY final obligation solumn - Af projects in the column with an initial obligation date befon December 11, 1900 bed on the author For with an initial solution data eher December 31, FY of final obligation is tud on pionne come 1379 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) i91 ર 2 02/03/07 CENTRALLY FUNDED - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION • LFY OF FY OR I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG CD 98-02 9 LOP PLANNED AUTMO THROUGH FYS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91780 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -9116C -ESTIMAT:FY67- OLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 9 86 -PROPOSED 7!!- OLIS- EXOEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.350 1.850 450 450 427 95 COOPERATIVE HOUSING 35 NATIONAL RURAL ELEC COOP ASSN (NRECA) 475 475 9 475 BS 675 710 --- --- 707 -- --- -- --- 35 SG 740 417 --- 323 --- --- --- ... Se SS 790 390 --- 390 --- --- --- --- 55 87 940-0257 G INTL. TRADE DEV. PROGRAM (NCBA) 1.847 1.847 () 600 235 830 362 617 403 --- 350 86 68 2.145 2.145 --- --- 761 370 717 989 636 9 36 29 NATIONAL COOP BUSINESS ASSOC (NCIA) 2.594 2.594 1378 --- --- 920 343 856 910 813 818 --- --- 902 425 874 336 836 336 39 1.952 --- --- 2561 675 --- 653 625 625 625 Co., 3 VOLUNTEERS FOR OVERSEAS COOP ASST (VOCA) 2.300 2.300 --- 700 304 200 476 --- --- --- --- 9 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE STRATEGY S6 с 375 --- 370 6 SO 390 7SO 750 160 SURO 1 HOUSES PUNOD AGEICULTURE. DEV. NUTRITION L LO" -THROUGH PYS- INITIAL PINAL PLANNED DOLIO-EXPEN- OSLIG SLIS AUTHD ATIONS DE TURES -- OPEN S. - TIONS DES -SOA -NaX - 30 Nada SOSIC OLIO AVIONS 20 ACAS PAGAAN CENTRALLY PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 6.320 7.1.0 7.196 11.243 4.575 7.190 6.ao .636 7.541 7.SS. PROGRAM 8.603 POR 7.198 11.243 6.075 RANTS LOANS 67 --- 68 --- 92 с --- AND 67 --- ; 67 TOTAL FOR PROGRA 68 GRANTS 16.30 7.990 7.845 7.606 LOANS 10,082 7,243 11.205 6.420 7.390 19.321 7.606 7.945 OCs 26.536 25.056 9,312 0,660 7.243 --- FOR BUREAU 4.075 PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 945-0221 FOUNDATION (CMP) 940-0222 940-0223 . VOLUNTEERS FOR COOP ASST (VOCA) 945-0225 G AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE DEV INTL (ACDI) 943-0330 G AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE DEV INTL (ACDI) 960-0331 943-0332 8 86 CREDIT UNION NATIONAL ASSOC. (CUNA) 2.612 2.612 945-0333 NATIONAL RURAL ELECCOO ASSN (NRECA) 945-0334 94-2028 TOTAL PRISRA REVIEW 943-0001 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TOTAL 11.421 1.270 26.656 26.556 7.130 GRANTS 8.400 16.030 1,990 7.345 7.606 LOANS 10.032 7.243 11, 205 7.990 6,42 19.821 7.606 7.845 26.656 26.656 8,812 900 .663 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 7,243 4.075 11,421 1.270 26.656 26.656 7.130 GRANTS 3.400 LOANS 161 1379 PAGE 02/03/ 37 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS CP 88-02 -PROPOSED 789- OBLI;- EXDEN ATIONS JITURES - ESTIMATED FY97- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 6.320 7.190 7.556 7.541 8.603 6.320 7. 190 7,555 7.541 8.603 . --- --- --- --- ... --- 67 --- --- --- --- 67 68 --- --- 67 15,330 7,390 10,082 1,345 7,606 7,243 6,420 7.390 7.606 7.345 7,243 3.312 9,560 500 1.279 16.030 7,990 7.345 7.606 10,032 7,243 6,420 7,390 7.606 7,845 8,812 7,243 ,650 500 --- 1,270 (IN TMOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) • AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION CENTRALLY FUNDEO PROGRAM: -THROUGH FYS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES LOP PLANNIO AUTHO • LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 09LIG OLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 11,243 7.198 4,375 20.656 26.656 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 1.198 4,075 11,243 GRANTS 26,656 25.656 LOANS PRIORA REVIEW 32 C 943-0001 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS 19,921 11, 205 26,656 25,556 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 11,421 4,075 20656 26.556 GRANTS 7.130 8.400 LOANS 19,821 11, 205 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 26.656 26,656 4,075 11.421 GRANTS 26,656 26,656 8,400 7,130 LOANS "Refer to the planned project immery do 161 Cures of short tivity FY of final option comA - Al projects in the column with AS ligation charts before December 31, 1986 wa bund on the uthorized date Per a projects with an initial obligation date atar Decamber 31, 1986 the FY of final obligation med en penned det 1381 SUNMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/17 . LPY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOD PLANNED AUTHD CP 93-02 -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLI:- EXP EN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY97- BLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU POR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE -PROPOSED FYOX- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 32 36 750 270 420 239 661 37 300 300 --- 1.050 270 420 539 --- 661 1.050 270 420 539 661 --- DO 1.050 270 420 539 --- 561 1380 --- 1.050 270 420 539 661 OD --- 1.050 270 420 530 661 270 420 539 661 --- --- DOO --- 162 HUKA ACTIVITIES -THROUGHVOS OOLIG- XPEN- ATIONS DITURES OTTURES 3.LI- ATIONS PRI ORANG CENTRALLY PUNOD SELECTED DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NO. 1.0 Por LOP AND TITLE INITIAL FINAL PLANNO OILTO OLIG AUTNO BUREAU roa PRIVATE ENTERPRISE :: 2.360 3.000 2.000 5.So 350 400 300 SOO C L 82 90 190 35 C 2.740 3.300 ตั้งอ INVESTNENT DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING 2.500 196 9 350 300 5.540 400 900 196 90 TOTAL POR PROGRA 3.000 48B 2.340 2.000 190 --- 350 5.350 --- --- --- 1.172 600 3.239 3.760 4,700 4.500 4.000 3.760 5.180 5.180 96 92 6.586 38,792 4,260 43.875 1,750 2.000 56.155 56.155 1.500 98 1.381 70 INTL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS (IESC) 2.843 842 609 500 799 600 250 416 C 559 --- 610 6 95 DIVESTITURE AND PRIVATIZATION 941-2005 i 85 FINANCIAL MARKETS 181 C 181 300 1,000 350 500 C 126 700 3 95 INVESTMENT PROMOTION/PEASABILI TY STUDIES 500 122 23 200 500 61 35 c 1.162 23 159 509 600 230 400 95 C --- 155 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY FUNDED • HEALTM PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 943-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 750 750 945-0006 3 70 INTL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORDS (IESC) TOTAL POR PROGRAM 750 750 GRANTS 750 750 LOANS TOTAL FOR BUREAU 750 750 GRANTS 750 750 LOANS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 750 790 GRANTS 750 750 1.050 LOANS INVESTMENT 949-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 941-2002 GRANTS LOANS PROJECT DEVELOPMENT G 960-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 949-0006 943-0008 940-2006 940-2028 PRIVATE ENTERPRISE STRATEGY 945-2029 COMMERCIALIZATION OF TECHNOLOGY 95 163 1381 SUNNARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE CENTRALLY PUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES 5 0270370 350 2.000 2.340 3.000 190 488 90 196 500 400 300 5.540 350 698 99 196 2.500 2.740 3.300 190 DO 488 90 196 500 600 300 350 2.000 2.340 3.000 3 82 86 4,780 3.259 400 1.172 --- 98 56.155 56,155 43.875 30.792 6,260 6.586 3.760 4.000 3.760 6,500 C 799 O 2.843 842 1.381 1.500 1,750 2.000 85 C 610 559 416 250 600 600 500 C G 35 INVESTMENT PROMOTION/FEASABILI TY STUDIES 181 --- --- 181 --- 35 C 122 --- 700 126 350 550 1.000 300 95 C 189 23 1.162 81 200 500 235 500 PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 86-02 . LFY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG O9LIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLI EXEN- ATIONS DITURES BUREAU FOR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT 943-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 82 C $350 35 C 943-2002 3 INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS 5.350 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 960-0002 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 5.180 5.130 943-0004 70 INTL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS (IESC) 943-0008 G 95 DIVESTITURE AND PRIVATIZATION 941-2005 FINANCIAL MARKETS 3 940-2006 940-2028 G PRIVATE ENTERPRISE STRATEGY 3 943-2029 COMMERCIALIZATION OF TECHNOLOOY 943-2038 TRAINING 3 35 C 111 --- 155 46 400 230 503 400 163 'Refer to the pred print Coloftort sethit "Y nel cotton can-Al progona che ha il baton doblo Ducato 31, 1900 bodo the horiand dete Por growth in antion on Dec 31, 114TY of incompared to 1382 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS TIN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/03787 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY FUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CP 89-02 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LPY OPRY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMO -THROUGH PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OLIO EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED PY37- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY 98- OBLI:- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES 35 95 239 239 239 239 TOTAL FOR PROGRAN LOANS --- --- MOJSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 83 10.110 10.110 10.110 9,945 --- 6 --- 323 --- --- --- 1.000 SUPPORT 94 07 11.070 11.070 2.225 1,471 2.118 1.650 2.000 2.000 --- 1.000 33 C 2.082 1.453 1.000 637 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 99 C --- --- --- 3.750 3.000 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM LOANS --- --- PROSRAN REVIEW 697 769 1.750 771 1.750 164 CENTRALL ELECTRO Oo..ONT SOCSO PROJECT NO. ANO TITL. VIAL INA EXPEN- OITURES OLIO - ATION AUTO OOLS ATIONS URES DITU.. 1.30 5.2. 1.572 1.SO PROGRAM ..295 TOTAL POR 74 1.572 1.750 1.TSO GRANTS 6.2.5 LOANS PRIVATE SECTOR COORDINATOR 300 300 200 --- 300 --- 87 C 3 200 300 300 ככל --- --- TOTAL FOR PEOGRA --- --- 300 ככ3 20 300 --- GRANTS LOANS 20.050 14.123 12.606 17,754 63.029 3.900 2.340 2.000 350 LOANS 16.371 20.30 14,183 17.754 12.636 63,029 2.000 2.340 3.000 940-2039 a RIVATIZATION CONFERENCE 61,574 61.576 50.876 42.074 10,079 9,689 6.341 9.049 7,313 9.700 GRANTS 61.574 61,574 55.376 42.074 10.079 9,689 6.361 3.049 7.319 2.700 912-0007 76 INTEGRATO IMPROV PRG FOR THE POOR-IIPUP 943-1001 MOUSING THE URBAN POOR 12,503 12.503 3.736 2.787 2.497 1,421 2.000 1.900 945-1002 JRBAN DEVELOPNENT SUPPORT SERVICES 943-1005 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 943-1006 3 HOUSING AND URBAN PROGRANS 33,683 33.603 13,203 15.656 5,615 3.712 5.000 5.123 4,759 6.009 GRANTS 33,633 33.603 18,203 15.656 5.615 3,712 5.000 5.123 6.750 5.000 6 #2 C 6,295 5.299 1.572 940-0001 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT 96)-5000 J.S. PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ABROAD 16.371 17.522 12.606 17.754 14,189 80,904 63,379 TOTAL FOR SUREAU 95.257 95.257 15.622 14,031 17.30 75,554 95,257 95.257 GRANTS 5.350 17.522 17.754 14.133 12.626 63,379 90.994 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 5.257 95,257 14.31 17.350 15.622 79.554 95,257 95.257 GRANTS 5.350 350 LOANS SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY FUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES PAG! 7 02/03/97 LOP CP 88-02 PLANNED AUTHD -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY 96- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- JBLIJ EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSEFY 98- OSLI;- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 6,295 5,299 1.572 697 759 1,750 771 1.750 b. 285 5,299 1.572 697 769 1,750 771 1.750 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 300 200 309 300 --- --- --- 300 200 JOO 305 300 200 330 300 --- --- 30.904 63.379 17,754 14.189 12,606 17,622 15.371 29.050 75,554 63.029 17.754 14,183 12.606 15.622 14,031 17,50 5.350 350 2.000 2.340 3.900 90.934 63,379 17.754 14,133 12.626 17,422 16.371 20.50 95,257 95.257 75,554 53.029 17.754 14,183 12.606 15.622 14,031 17.350 5.350 350 2.000 2.340 3.000 165 dolor Poco-Althasohhi biondeua boton December 31, 1900 bed on the author and dete doce December 31, 1PY of thelbidan boede planned tone. PROGRAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS PRIVATE SECTOR COORDINATOR G 87 C 943-5000 J.S. PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ABROAD TOTAL FOR PROGRAM GRANTS LOANS TOTAL FOR BUREAU 95,257 95.257 GRANTS 95.257 95,257 LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 95.257 95,257 GRANTS LOANS motor dry hom 1 -- 1384 1385 PAGE 3 02/03/87 SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PROGRAMI CENTRALLT FUNDED - PRIVATE SECTOR REVOLVING FUNO PROJECT NO. PT OP MY OP LOP -THROUGH PYSS -ACTUAL FY86- AND TITLE I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED OBLIG- EXPEN- OBLIG- EXPEN- OBLIO AUTND ATIONS OITURES ATIONS DITURES CP 83-02 -ESTINATED FY97- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS 01TURES -PROPOSEO FY88- OBLIG- 5XPEN ATIONS OITURES 9 91160 UREAU POR PRIVATE ENTERPRISE INVESTMENT 2000-CU L 82 C 21,300 3,106 15,400 8,243 13,600 000 INVESTMENT PACKAGING 4.000 TOTAL POR PROGRAN 29.500 3. 106 001'S 8,240 13.600 6.000 000 GRANTS O ... --- --- --- LOANS 00562 3.106 15.400 8,263 13.600 6.000 6.000 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 29.500 3.106 15.400 2,245 13,600 COC --- 6.000 GRANTS --- -- DO OO. LOANS 29.500 3. 106 15.400 8.240 13,600 6,000 6.000 oo TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 29, 300 3106 15.400 8,240 13.690 OCO --- 6,000 GRANTS OO. -00 ... LOANS 29.900 3. 106 15.400 3,249 13.600 4.000 6.900 266 INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Responsible Officer Julia Taft JULIA V. TAFT 1385 INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Responsible Officer Julia Tafr JULIA V. TAFT Director Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance 167 1387 1386 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1986 Actual FY 1988 Request 90.7 al 185.5 / 25.0 bordag the twenty-two years since 1ts inception in 1964, OFDA has responded : 25 disasters in 129 countries in which an estimated 2.75 million people bare died and over 800 eillion have been affected. Immediate and effective relief remains 4.1.D.'s constant and primary goal in disaster assistance. kard that goal, the A.I.D. Administrator, who serves as the President's šte:ial Coordinator for International Disaster Assistance, maintains restant readiness withio OFDA to speed relief to disaster victims wherever they may be. The effectiveness and efficiency of the U.S. Government's foreign disaster response have grown significantly over the years. itilize the nost appropriate resources of other V.S. Government and state sales, the private sector and voluntary agencies, A.I.D. delivers the right comodities and services to the suffering victims as soon as possible. As victies' needs are defined, OFDA manages the relief response and supports documented requirements as they arise. INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Overview The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) 18 responsible for responding to disasters overseas, providing relief assistance to foreign nations, and providing non-relief programmatic assistance in contingency planning, training, preparedness, warning and mitigation. Disaster assistance manifests the humanitarian concern of the American people. Our record of generosity and caring for disaster victios continues una bated. fiscal year 1986 vas unprecedented in terms of the magnitude of effort required of OFDA. In addition to 40 situations which were declared to be disasters in FY 1986, OFDA responded to emergency relief needs in 15 countries in response to prior year disaster determinations. Principally because of the deaands for life-saving, non-food assistance for the famine stricked peoples of Africa, OFDA administered a program totaling $91.7 aillion during FY 1986 for disaster relief, preparedness and mitigation ktivities. The enoraous scope of the Africa drought and locust energency prettens did not distract OFDA from responding to life-threatening requirements elsewhere in the world. The floods in Jamaica, Bolivia, Argentina, Yugoslavia and Chile; the deadly toxic gas release from Lake 5gos in Caneroon; earthquake disasters in Greece, Guatemala, and Mexico; setere stora disasters in the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, and Madagascar; epidemics in Somalla, Sierra Leone, and Mali all posed critical seeds which had to be met immediately despite the increasing threat of locust lavasions in Africa. The goal of this program 18 to save 11ves and reduce the suffering of victims in foreign countries which are stricken or imminently threatened by disaster. Reducing property loss and subsequent economic and social impacts are also crucial to the goals of development in the Third World. Disasters have their origins in natural and nanmade events including earthquakes, floods, storms, volcanic eruptions, tsunanis, landslides, droughts, civil strife, accidents, fires, population displacement, and epidemics. While disasters may strike anyone, anywhere, and at any time, developing countries are particularly vulnerable. In addition to destroying lives, livelihoods, and property, disasters frequently damage the vital infrastructure needed for social and economic development. As we seek to help relieve suffering caused by disasters, we are also able to demonstrate American goodwill, generosity, and concern for disaster victims around the world. Pith all the mediate threats to life and property, FY 1986 was a year of opportunity, as well. Perhaps because of increased awareness of the threat posed by natural disasters, or perhaps because of emerging solutions to those threats, FY 1986 was a year in which significant progress was made in all geographic regions seeking better protection of populations at risk to natural hazards. Fifty-four countries were given emergency training opportunities in curricula ranging from fire prevention and suppression to disaster management and mitigation. The disaster management center at the Aslan lostitute of Technology in Thailand was expanded. The agroclimatic izpact assessment program with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric kininistration (NOAA) led to an agency Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) capable of detecting drought impacts, crop failures, and nutritional ebergencies. A tsunant warning system was installed and tested in Chile. An advanced severe stom warning system was installed in the South Pacific. Progress was made in implementing hazards mitigation programs and risk reduction activities worldwide. al Includes $14.1 million in obligations under regular appropriations, $71.2 million carryover from supplemental appropriations ($70,580,627 for Africa famine and $631,224 for Afghanistan displaced persons), and $5.4 million for African Refugees administered by the Africa Bureau. Excludes the following funds borrowed from other A.I.D. Development Assistance Accounts: $5.0 million for the Africa Locust/Grasshopper Infestation Disasters and $1.4 million for the Mexico Earthquake (carried over from FY 1985). b/ Includes $20.0 million regular appropriations and $50.0 million earmarked for El Salvador earthquake relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction la the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution, as well as a $100 million supplemen- tal request for El Salvador rehabilitation and reconstruction, and $15.5 million in prior-year carryovers. Progran Strategy Chapter 9 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, authorizes assistance for relief and rehabilitation for natural and mannade disaster as well as assistance relating to disaster preparedness, prediction, 169 AID 370-3 (8-83) 168 1387 During the twenty-two years since its inception in 1964, OFDA has responded to 865 disasters in 129 countries in which an estimated 2.75 million people have died and over 800 million have been affected. Immediate and effective relief remains A.I.D.'s constant and primary goal in disaster assistance. Toward that goal, the A.I.D. Administrator, who serves as the President's Special Coordinator for International Disaster Assistance, maintains constant readiness within OFDA to speed relief to disaster víctims wherever they may be. The effectiveness and efficiency of the U.S. Government's foreign disaster response have grown significantly over the years. Utilizing the most appropriate resources of other u.s. Government and state agencies, the private sector and voluntary agencies, A.I.D. delivers the right commodities and services to the suffering victims as soon as possible. As victims' needs are defined, OFDA manages the relief response and supports documented requirements as they arise. Fiscal year 1986 was unprecedented in terms of the magnitude of effort required of OFDA. In addition to 40 situations which were declared to be disasters in FY 1986, OFDA responded to emergency relief needs in 15 countries in response to prior year disaster determinations. Principally because of the demands for life-saving, non-food assistance for the famine stricken peoples of Africa, OFDA administered a program totaling $91.7 million during FY 1986 for disaster relief, preparedness and mitigation activities. The enormous scope of the Africa drought and locust emergency programs did not distract OFDA from responding to life-threatening requirements elsewhere in the world. The floods in Jamaica, Bolivia, Argentina, Yugoslavia and Chile; the deadly toxic gas release from Lake Nyos in Cameroon; earthquake disasters in Greece, Guatemala, and Mexico; severe storm disasters in the Philippines, the Solomon Islands, and Madagascar; epidemics in Somalia, Sierra Leone, and Mali all posed critical needs which had to be met immediately despite the increasing threat of locust invasions in Africa. With all the immediate threats to life and property, FY 1986 was a year of opportunity, as well. Perhaps because of increased awareness of the threat posed by natural disasters, or perhaps because of emerging solutions to those threats, FY 1986 was a year in which significant progress was made in all geographic regions seeking better protection of populations at risk to natural hazards. Fifty-four countries were given emergency training opportunities in curricula ranging from fire prevention and suppression to disaster management and mitigation. The disaster management center at the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand was expanded. The agroclimatic impact assessment program with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) led to an agency Famine Early Warning System (FEWS) capable of detecting drought impacts, crop failures, and nutritional emergencies. A tsunami warning system was installed and tested in Chile, An advanced severe storm warning system was installed in the South Pacific. Progress was made in implementing hazards mitigation programs and risk reduction activities worldwide. Program Strategy Chapter 9 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, authorizes assistance for relief and rehabilitation for natural and manmade disasters, as well as assistance relating to disaster preparedness, prediction, 169 1388 1389 F1 1986 Program Accomplishments warning and contingency planning for natural disasters. Four objectives address the goal of saving lives after disasters as well as reducing the 11kelihood of loss of life in the event of disasters: A. Alleviate suffering and reduce the number of deathe in the aftermath of disaster by providing efficient, rapid and appropriate responses to requests for emergency relief; and enhance recovery through rehabilitation programs; GIDA adalaistered a total of $91.7 million during FY 1986, including $14.1 million in regular appropriations, $71.2 million in supplemental appropriations, and $6.4 million borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts. Of this count, $86.7 aillion was obligated for emergency relief and $5.0 aillion was used for stockpiles ($.5 million) and non-relief program activities such as preparedness, mitigation, and early warning ($4.5 aillion) B. Promote self-reliance among responsible officials within disaster- prone nations by training them in contingency planning and disaster management so as to initiate effective and efficient emergency response; Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation C. Preserve life and prevent suffering through disaster avoidance by providing sufficient warning of those natural events which cause disasters; and The $86.7 million obligated by OFDA for disaster relief and rehabilitation was in response to 40 disasters declared in FY 1986, 15 prior year disasters, and six non-declared disasters. D. Disaster relief and rehabilitation funds were apportioned by region as follows: Reduce the loss of life by introducing low-cost practical measures which have been proven effective and can mitigate the impacts of probable disasters. FY 1986 Emergency relief has been the primary goal of A.I.D.'s disaster assistance program since 1964. Contingency planning and preparedness have been instrumental in assisting disaster-prone nations achieve self-reliance since 1969. Disaster prediction and early warning have been addressed at the national, regional and worldwide levels since 1979. In the past few years A.I.D. has identified and continues to demonstrate the effectiveness of disaster mitigation and early warning. Region Obligations from Obligations from Regular Appropriations Supplemental (IDA and Other A.I.D. Accounts) Appropriations $9,161,3751/ $70,580,62721 50,000 Africa Total Lurope $79,742,002 Central Anerica 1,383,8543 50,000 South America 3,486,704 1,383,854 Caribbean 301,266 3,486,70 Asia 464,500 301,26 Pacific 631,22441 The significant demands for assistance in 1986 and new opportunities for contingency planning, preparedness, warning and mitigation have led OFDA to prioritize 118 program activities in terms of available resources and 11kely threat of disaster. This process has resulted in a pragmatic strategy based on regional requirements, co-funding commitments by A.I.D. bureaus and other donors, and political, social and economic considerations related to the vulnerability of threatened populations. OFDA's Office of the Director sets policy, determines strategy, ensures compliance with the Congressional mandate and A.I.D. and U.S. Government policy and regulations, evaluates program elements, and performs the administrative functions of the office. Three regional divisions Africa and Europe, Asia and the South Pacific, and Latin American and the Caribbean plan relief and rehabilitation strategies, develop contingency planning, early warning and mitigation activities, and are responsible for ongoing relationships with geographic bureaus in State, A.I.D., and the Missions. The Operations Division oversees the personnel, fiscal, procurement and logistics functions of the office; manages the relief operations during disaster responses; is the principal division responsible for liaison with other V.S. governmental agencies; and facilitates the augmentation of resources from these agencies and the private sector. The FY 1988 regional division strategies, program priorities and direction are presented in subsequent sections. 603,798 $15,451,497 1,095,7 $71,211,851 603,7 $86,663, \Includes $5.0 million borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts for the locust/grasshopper disasters. ? The remainder of the FY 1985 $135 million supplemental appropria Africa drought and famine relief. 3! Includes $1,345,264 borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts for the earthquake. ! In FY 1985, a total of $4.0 million was made available to OFDA in the Afghanistan Humanitarian Assistance Program. The remain these funds, $631,224, was obligated in FY 1986 to provide food Afghanistan. 170 171 1389 FY 1986 Program Accomplishments OFDA administered a total of $91.7 million during FY 1986, including $14.1 million in regular appropriations, $71.2 million to supplemental appropriations, and $6.4 million borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts. Of this amount, $86.7 million was obligated for emergency relief and $5.0 million was used for stockpiles ($.5 million) and non-relief program activities such as preparedness, mitigation, and early warning ($4.5 million). Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation The $86.7 million obligated by OFDA for disaster relief and rehabilitation was in response to 40 disasters declared in FY 1986, 15 prior-year disasters, and six non-declared disasters. Disaster relief and rehabilitation funds were apportioned by region as follows: FY 1986 Region Obligations from Obligations from Regular Appropriations Supplemental (IDA and Other A.I.D. Accounts) Appropriations $9,161,3751/ $70,580,6272 Total Africa $79,742,002 Europe 50,000 50,000 Central America 1,383,8543/ 1,383,854 South America 3,486,704 3,486,704 Caribbean 301, 266 301, 266 Asia 464,500 631,22441 1,095,724 Pacific 603,798 $15,451,497 $71,211,851 603, 798 $86,663,348 1/ Includes $5.0 million borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts for the Africa locust/grasshopper disasters. 21 The remainder of the FY 1985 $135 million supplemental appropriation for Africa drought and famine relief. 3/ Includes $1,345,264 borrowed from other A.I.D. accounts for the Mexico earthquake. 4/ In FY 1985, a total of $4.0 million was made available to OFDA for use The remainder of in the Afghanistan Humanitarian Assistance Program. these funds, $631, 224, was obligated in FY 1986 to provide food inside Afghanistan. Ć 171 1391 1390 By far the largest portion of obligations was from supplemental funds appropriated by the Congress for the relief and recovery of 9 drought- stricken African countries and from funds borrowed from other A.1.Ď. accounts for 16 African countries threatened by locusts and grasshoppers. of the 28 additional disasters to which OFDA responded, the following were particularly significant: o Merico Lerthquake Disaster Although the earthquake 10 Mexico on September 19 and 20, 1985, occurred in TT 1985, approxiately one-fourth of OFDA's expenditures for this disaster derived frå FT 1986 funds. The U.S. Government's immediate response terprised large-scale search and rescue efforts as well as damage and needs 38esimeats. The U.S. Government then focused on assisting the Goverment of Manleo (GC) establish an energency potable water supply system and repair the water distribution system. Toward this end, OFDA dispatched water tanks and preps, chemicals for water purification, leak detection equipment, and experts to provide technical assistance to GOM engineers. o Bolivia Flood Disaster In March 1986, Lake Titicaca rose to its highest recorded level following three months of heavy rainfall. The overflow from the lake flooded the surrounding environs in both Bolivia and Peru, affecting approxiaately 250,000 in Bolivia and an estimated 300,000 in Peru. OFDA immediately dispatched its regional disaster preparedness advisor and an A.I.D. regional housing officer to inspect the affected areas and assess the flood victims'needs. OFDA sent over 700 rolls of plastic sheeting from its Panama Stockpile to both countries and provided two grants to local private and voluntary organizations (PVOs). o Cameroon Lake Toxic Gas Disaster O Solomon Islands Cyclone Disaster On May 19, 1986, the Solomon Islands were struck by the vorst cyclone to Hit the country la several years. The storn took the lives of over 100 peeple and left 90,000 vithout food and 60,000 homeless. At the request of the Solomon Islands Government, OFDA provided plastic sheeting and fogging achizes for nosquito and fly control. At OFDA's request, the Department of Defense airlifted communications equipment and dispatched a team of camanications experts to establish radio contact with outlying Islands. le support of a housing rehabilitation project administered by A.I.D.'s South Pacific Regional Development Office located in Suva, F1j1, OFDA sent a tean of bousing experts and provided five sawmills to process fallen tieber. The U.S. Government's timely response to this tragedy through OFDA illustrated to the vorld American generosity and concern for the people of the Solomon Islands. The sudden release of a lethal gas cloud from Lake Nyos in a remote region of northwest Cameroon claimed the lives of over 1,700 people in August 1986 and forced another 4,000 to leave their villages. The injured, suffering mainly from burns and gastrointestinal disorders, were treated in regional hospitals. The U.S. Government responded quickly with humanitarian assistance for the victims as well as with teams of scientific experts to help determine the cause of the mysterious event. Studies conducted by a U.S. team of forensic pathologists indicated that carbon dioxide was the causative agent and death was due to asphyxiation · An evaluation of Lake Nyos and the surrounding area by U.$. scientists showed no evidence of seismic or volcanic activity as a triggering event for the release of the gas, which, however, was believed to have been derived from deep-seated magmatic sources. o liganda Displaced Persons Disaster o Colombia Volcanic Eruption and Mudslide Disaster Too violent changes of government have occurred in Uganda since July 1985, the most recent by the National Resistance Movement (NRM) in late January 1586. Since the NKM has been in control, some 200,000 of the estimated one dillion people displaced by civil var have been able to relocate in the districts of Luvero, Mubende, and Mpigi (the Luvero Triangle), just north and northwest of Raapala. The immediate needs of the Bost severely affected returnees vere basic items to sustain family life and restore some degree of agricultural productivity. Through international organizations active in the region, OFDA provided over $1,000,000 for an emergency water project and for the purchase of 26,260 family kits, containing farm tools, seeds, and blankets. As a result, thousands of people were able to rebuild their homes and continue their lives. Colombia's Nevada del Ruiz volcano erupted on November 13, 1985, covering the surrounding area with ash and creating flash floods and massive mudslides. The U.S. Government immediately concentrated its efforts on rescuing stranded or injured survivors, sending 12 helicopters with support and medical evacuation personnel from Panama. Hundreds of people were airlifted to safety. For those left homeless, tents and blankets were provided and consultants were sent to assess emergency shelter needs. As seismic activity continued to threaten new eruptions, an emergency operations center was set up for scientists to monitor the volcano; U.S. Geological Survey scientists and seismic monitoring equipment were provided. Disaster Institutional Development and Training In May 1986, OFDA sponsored a Latin American Workshop on Operational Management of Natural Disasters in ONEMI (the Chilean National Emergency Management Organization). Elght countries were represented with three or four people present from each country. The workshop was considered an outstanding success by all involved. OTDA 18 providing support to the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) for Regional Disaster Preparedness Center Training Program to provide increa tvareness, institution building, technology transfer and information dissenination in the Asia/Pacific region, The Institute has conducted 172 173 1391 o Mexico Earthquake Disaster Although the earthquake in Mexico on September 19 and 20, 1985, occurred in PY 1985, approximately one-fourth of OFDA's expenditures for this disaster derived from FY 1986 funds. The U.S. Government's Immediate response comprised large-scale search and rescue efforts as well as damage and needs assessments The U.S. Government then focused on assisting the Government of Mexico (GM) establish an emergency potable water supply system and repair the water distribution system. Toward this end, OFDA dispatched water tanks and pumps, chemicals for water purification, leak detection equipment, and experts to provide technical assistance to GOM engineers. o Solomon Islands Cyclone Disaster On May 19, 1986, the Solomon Islands were struck by the worst cyclone to hit the country in several years. The storm took the lives of over 100 people and left 90,000 without food and 60,000 homeless. At the request of the Solomon Islands Government, OPDA provided plastic sheeting and fogging machines for mosquito and fly control. At OFDA's request, the Department of Defense airlifted communications equipment and dispatched a team of communications experts to establish radio contact with outlying 1slands. In support of a housing rehabilitation project administered by A.I.D.'s South Pacific Regional Development Office located in Suva, Fiji, OFDA sent a team of housing experts and provided five sawmills to process fallen timber. The U.S. Government's timely response to this tragedy through OFDA illustrated to the world American generosity and concern for the people of the Solomon Islands. o Uganda Displaced Persons Disaster Two violent changes of government have occurred in Uganda since July 1985, the most recent by the National Resistance Movement (NRM) in late January 1986. Since the NRM has been in control, some 200,000 of the estimated one million people displaced by civil war have been able to relocate in the districts of Luwero, Mubende, and Mpigi (the Luwero Triangle), just north and northwest of Kampala. The immediate needs of the most severely affected returnees were basic items to sustain family life and restore some degree of agricultural productivity. Through international organizations active in the region, OFDA provided over $1,000,000 for an emergency water project and for the purchase of 26,260 family kits, containing farm tools, seeds, and blankete. As a result, thousands of people were able to rebuild their homes and continue their lives. Di saster Institutional Development and Training In May 1986, OFDA sponsored a Latin American Workshop on Operational Management of Natural Disasters in ONEMI (the Chilean National Emergency Management Organization). Eight countries were represented with three or four people present from each country. The workshop was considered an outstanding success by all involved. OFDA 18 providing support to the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) for a Regional Disaster Preparedness Center Training Program to provide increased awareness, institution building, technology transfer and Information d18semination in the Asia/Pacific region. The Institute has conducted 173 1392 1393 persoanel to supplement the U.S. Government response to foreign disasters. kes laltiatives vill forward the goal of providing the most appropriate and responsive relief to disaster victims in the shortest possible tinira disaster simulation training for some 40 students and 1s effectively networking disaster management experts in the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) region. Other donors, including Australia and the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO), are contributing to the AIT program. A major effort in Indonesia to strengthen disaster preparedness and management expertise is demonstrating excellent progress. An Integrated disaster management procedure handbook has been prepared. This project is co-funded with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Disaster Preparedness and Planning Disaster larly Warning Systens ful's year OFDA financially supported the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) utstanding work to equipping a state-of-the-art volcanological observatory to Manizales, Colombia, to bonitor Ruiz Volcano, which erupted November 13, 1989 , with the loss of nearly 23,000 lives. The USGS has also trained a saber of Colombians to operate and manage the observatory. The scientific data from the observatory is carefully tied into a siren and radio-based mersing and alert system designed by the Colombians to give adequate encuation notice in the event of another eruption from the still- threatening volcano. OFDA, utilizing the new interagency agreement with the U.S. Forest Service, successfully conducted hurricane simulation exercises for host government emergency managers in Antigua and Barbados. A significant outcome of these exercises was the ia ?ntification of deficiencies in these nations' basic hurricane response plans. Steps are now under way to make the needed modifications. OFDA regional advisors are working with the National Disaster Committee in Honduras to revitalize that organization. The Civil Defense of Ecuador is being upgraded and enhanced through the establishment and training of neighborhood civil defense groups. The OFDA regional advisor has assisted the Government of Haiti in enhancing the national disaster organization which has been relocated in a different ministry, with improved office space, and permanent financing from the Haitian Government. tra's Tsunant Hazard Reduction Utilizing Systems Technology (THRUST) progra conducted by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the bational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 18 currently operating successfully in Chile. The standard operations plan developed under this program, combined with the new technology using satellite telemetry for near-shore tsunant warning, constitutes a major technical 1926vet 100 as well as a new varning system that has the full capability of lvleg hundreds of thousands of lives in years to come. Disaster Operations Support WAA's Assessaent Information Services Center (NOAA/AISC) successfully completed the developaent of a model for the $2 million African drought Lapacts early warning system for eleven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This progra 18 now being assiallated under the Bureau for Africa program developaeat and management as an adjunct to the A.I.D. Fanine Early Warning Systen (TLS). Ma for efforts have been initiated and completed for the standardization of both quantity and quality of OFDA stockpiled disaster relief commodities. These efforts included revised agreements and procedures for packaging, rapid re-supply, quick transportation identification, and more efficient and economical procurement methods. These actions will not only save thousands of dollars but will also ensure that the appropriate commodities are securely stored and that the correct items and quantities are dispatched to disaster locations on time. These efforts have greatly enhanced total accountability for OFDA and the U.S. Government. The OFDA South Pacific Severe Stor Warning System has been installed in Plys by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and 18 fully operational. This system concludes a four-year effort to significantly upgrade satellite-based meteorology and weather/storm forecasting in the South Pacific region. F1ji had demonstrated the technical capacity and host government commitment to assure continued operation of this system on behalf of all countries in the region. OFDA has identified U.S. search and rescue personnel and equipment and has established procedures to immediately alert and dispatch such teams to disaster scenes worldwide, as needed. This initiative directly resulted in saving 33 11ves in San Salvador during the recent earthquake there. To further improve the effectiveness of U.S. Government-sponsored relief teams, OFDA is currently identifying support kits containing life-sustaining tools and commodities. The kits will be provided to OFDA-dispatched rescue team members to enhance on-site self-sufficiency and effectiveness. OFDA studied how other nations with proven 11fe-saving rescue operations function and solicited information from various U.S. rescue organizations, schools, and professionals concerning methods of pre-identifying required life-saving equipment. As a result, OFDA is currently designing a mobile heavy rescue equipment set which could be deployed with pre-trained Disaster Mitigation Activities Lo the weeks following the September 1985 earthquakes in Mexico City, OFD dispatched two school earthquake preparedness experts who worked with Werdcan educators and school administrators in designing hazard and preparedness surveys of educational facilities and in developing evacuat Grills and plans. In the aftermath of serious flooding in Haiti in June 1986, OFDA funded the development of a highly successful project by the Carlbbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project, the Haitian Nati Disaster Office, and the Center for Human Resources Development. The project trained 18 house builders from the 18 most affected communities laproved construction techniques, utilizing a model home as demonstrati 174 175 1393 personnel to supplement the U.S. Government response to foreign disasters. These initiatives will forward the goal of providing the most appropriate and responsive relief to disaster victims in the shortest possible timeframe. $. Disaster Early Warning Systems This year OFDA financially supported the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) outstanding work la equipping a state-of-the-art volcanological observatory in Manizales, Colombia, to monitor Ruiz Volcano, which erupted November 13, 1985, with the loss of nearly 23,000 lives. The USGS has also trained a number of Colombians to operate and manage the observatory. The scientific data from the observatory 18 carefully tied into a siren and radio-based varning and alert system designed by the Colombians to give adequate evacuation notice in the event of another eruption from the still- threatening volcano. OFDA'S Tsunant Hazard Reduction Utilizing Systems Technology (THRUST) program conducted by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is curreatly operating successfully in Chile. The standard operations plan developed under this program, combined with the new technology using satellite telenet ry for near-shore tsunami warning, constitutes a major technical logovation as well as a new warning system that has the full capability of saving hundreds of thousands of lives in years to come. NOAA's Assessment Information Services Center (NOAA/AISC) successfully completed the development of a model for the $2 million African drought impacts early warning system for eleven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This program is now being assimilated under the Bureau for Africa program development and management as an ad funct to the A.1.D. Famine Early Warning System (FEWS). The OFDA South Pacific Severe Storm Warning System has been installed in Fiji by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and 18 fully operational. This system concludes a four-year effort to significantly upgrade satellite-based meteorology and weather/storm forecasting in the South Pacific region. Fiji had demonstrated the technical capacity and host government commitment to assure continued operation of this system on behalf of all countries in the region. Disaster Mitigation Activities In the weeks following the September 1985 earthquakes to Mexico City, OFDA dispatched two school earthquake preparedness experts who worked with Mexican educators and school administrators in designing hazard and preparedness surveys of educational facilities and in developing evacuation drills and plans. In the aftermath of serious flooding in Haiti in June 1986, OFDA funded the development of a highly successful project by the Pan Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project, the Haitian National Disaster Office, and the Center for Human Resources Development. The project trained 18 house builders from the 18 most affected communities in improved construction techniques, utilizing a model home as demonstration. 175 1394 1395 These 18 builders in turn each gave training courses to 40 participants in the new techniques. The project also produced samples of critical housing elements such as joints, foundation anchors, bracing and roofing techniques and made these available at community centers. OFDA has supported, through a contribution agreement with the Organization of American States (OAS), the development of a course of studies for host country development officials to incorporate hazard risk and analysis into the design of development projects. Two pilot sessions of the four-week course have been conducted at the Inter-American Center for the Integrated Development of Water and Land (CIDIAT) in Merida, Venezuela. The course is now fully incorporated into the curriculum at CIDIAT, which will bear all the costs of future courses. wegesent and the assessment and augmentation, where possible, of Peamtry energency communications networks. Training efforts will concentrate of providing both opportunities for ministerial level trainers the technical assistance to developing relevant training materials, suarional curricula and media programs. Networking among host country sefessionals and laternational disaster experts will be stimulated to sule exchange of techniques and ideas for significantly improved disaster lepotse. In FY 1987 ve vill also provide the expertise of a number of resultants in typhoon, flood, and volcano early warning technical usistance, emergency medical services and urban fire suppression. These rura &tivities vill be designed to achieve measureable results and direction for the three-year strategy. Following Cyclone Namu in the Solomon Islands in May 1986, which killed more than 100 people and rendered some 60,000 homeless, OFDA provided technical assistance in the form of a housing consultant and five sawmills at a total cost of about $75,000. This assistance will serve to mitigate the effect of future wind storm and flooding disasters in the Solomons by supporting a $350,000 housing rehabilitation and reconstruction program by multiple donors under the leadership of the South Pacific Research and Development Organization (SPRDO) in Fiji. The A.I.D. Mission in Fiji will contribute $200,000 over two years to the program. It is expected that the housing consultant's recommendations and the five sawmills will support housing mitigation efforts in the Solomons for years to come. The Pallippines 18 the host country programmed to receive na jor technical estlistance in PY 1987 from OFDA, A strategy for implementation of this pastatazee has been prepared and approved by the A.1.D, Mission in Manila. hrojects will be lotroduced in ministerial-level disaster management admin; assistance in consolidating centralized disaster coordinating; the reduction of housing vulnerability; Laprovement of emergency medical Lervices; and several early warning activities in flood, typhoons, and mladges, FY 1987 Program 1987 progran emphasis la Bangladesh will focus on upgrading cyclone stelters la cooperation with the U.N, Development Program (UNDP) and Heilding assistance in evacuation planning for the small coastal 1slands chars) in the Bay of Bengal. Integral to this will be assistance in Laprovlog community avareness of the cyclone threat and an evaluation of comunications needs to laprove warning dissemination. In Nepal we will luthate projects in geological and hydrological hazards assessment and plan, landslide risk analysis and mitigation planning, and the provision * esmunications management technical assistance. For India ve anticipate all contribution toward the development of a National Disaster lastitute. The International Disaster Assistance account for FY 1987 totals $185.5 million. This includes $20.0 million in regular appropriations; $50.0 million earmarked for El Salvador earthquake relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction in the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution; $ 100 million supplemental request for El Salvador rehabilitation and reconstruction; and $15,5 million in prior-year carryovers. OFDA's regular appropriations level of $20.0 million has been apportioned as follows: $14.0 million for worldwide disaster relief and rehabilitation and $6.0 million for non-relief activities. These non-relief activities are discussed by region below, expect to complete the USGS-coordinated volcano hazards assessment We beet to Indonesia vith major recommendations to be submitted to the pererement, the UNDP, and the World Bank. Is the South Pacific region, our project emphasis will focus on continued fechnical assistance to plji in stora surveillance and warning and some liated assistance to the Solomon Islands in basic disaster planning and Asia and Pacific Region ($2.3 million): Tellef management. Overall, the FY 1987 planned obligations include $500,000 for the South Asia region, $700,000 for the Southeast Asia region and $220,000 for the South Pacific region. Additionally, we have programmed approximately $900,000 for Asia and Pacific regional activities and several worldwide activities which assist and service the Asia and Pacific region. OFDA's 1987 priority within the Asia and Pacific Region is to implement a new three-year strategy for disaster management, preparedness, contingency planning, mitigation and warning in the Philippines, Nepal, Fiji, and Bangladesh. This strategy is designed initially to support the desire for self-reliance in disaster assistance in the Philippines under the new government and in Fiji based on our successes to date. Major emphasis will be placed on facilitating the establishment of centralized disaster latla America and Caribbean Region ($152.3 million): la Pt 1987, OFDA vill laplement a strategy of more focused involvement in e pop of targeted or priority countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region - Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador, Peru and one or two Caribbean inlands. Eaphasis will be placed on building upon preparedness and Etigation lavestments already made in these countries, The objective 18 andlet these countries in achieving a basic level of self-sufficiency 1 dealing with disaster relief operations. Extensions of existing grants alth the Pan American Health Organization and Partners of the Americas wi reflect this new direction and focus. The placement of two contract 176 177 1395 management and the assessment and augmentation, where possible, of in-country emergency communications networks. Training efforts will concentrate on providing both opportunities for ainisterial level trainers and technical assistance in developing relevant training materials, educational curricula and media programs. Networking among host country professionals and international disaster experts will be stimulated to ensure exchange of techniques and ideas for significantly improved disaster response. In FY 1987 we will also provide the expertise of a number of consultants in typhoon, flood, and volcano early warning technical assistance, emergency medical services and urban fire suppression. These program activities will be designed to achieve measureable results and direction for the three-year strategy. The Philippines is the host country programmed to receive major technical assistance in FY 1987 from OFDA. A strategy for implementation of this assistance has been prepared and approved by the A.I.D. Mission in Manila. Projects will be introduced in ministerial-level disaster management training; assistance in consolidating centralized disaster coordinating; the reduction of housing vulnerability; improvement of emergency medical services; and several early warning activities in flood, typhoons, and volcanoes. FY 1987 program emphasis in Bangladesh will focus on upgrading cyclone shelters in cooperation with the U.N. Development Program (UNDP) and providing assistance in evacuation planning for the small coastal islands (chars) in the Bay of Bengal. Integral to this will be assistance in improving community awareness of the cyclone threat and an evaluation of communications needs to improve warning dissemination. In Nepal we will initiate projects in geological and hydrological hazards assessment and mapping, landslide risk analysis and mitigation planning, and the provision of communications management technical assistance, For India we anticipate a small contribution toward the development of a National Disaster Institute. We expect to complete the USGS-coordinated volcano hazards assessment project in Indonesia with ma for recommendations to be submitted to the government, the UNDP, and the World Bank. In the South Pacific region, our project emphasis will focus on continued technical assistance to Fiji in storm surveillance and warning and some limited assistance to the Solomon Islands in basic disaster planning and relief panagement. Latin America and Caribbean Region ($152,3 million): In FY 1987, OFDA will implement a strategy of more focused involvement in a group of targeted or priority countries in the Latin America and Caribbean region - Costa Rica, Honduras, Ecuador, Peru and one or two Caribbean 1slands. Emphasis will be placed on building upon preparedness and mitigation Investments already made in these countries, The objective is to assist these countries in achieving a basic level of self-sufficiency in dealing with disaster relief operations. Extensions of existing grants with the Pan American Health Organization and Partners of the Americas will reflect this new direction and focus. The placement of two contract F 177 1396 1997 Fimm failles, and home repair credit ($31 million); and repair of miks taétastræture and services ($5 million). An additional $100 multe da TT 1987 supplemental funds 18 requested to continue elitation and reconstruction efforts lå El Salvador. (See FY 1987 walaental budget request annex for details.) regional preparedness and relief advisors has significantly heightened disaster preparedness awareness and interest in the region in addition to enhancing the timeliness and quality of our relief response. This initiative will be further enhanced through the relocation of one of these positions and the establishment of another. In support of the targeted country initiative, OFDA has entered into an agreement with the USGS which established a Volcano Crisis Action Team (VCAT). The team's primary mission is to provide immediate assessment and monitoring of erupting or imminently erupting volcanoes in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its secondary mission is to work with regional centers of excellence in Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia to upgrade their capabilities and foster joint responses to regional crises. birta en Europe Region ($1.2 aillion): Short TT 1986 the International Disaster Assistance program has had as a hlary focus the aftermath of the African drought and fanine sepety. The supplemental appropriation of $135 aillion dollars for met , sebabilitation and recovery of drought victims in Africa greatly atased the laternational Disaster Assistance account in FY 1985-FY 1986 at the latra-agency borrowing of $36.8 aillion to meet additional suited and rehabilitation needs throughout the world. We are hopeful that iset of the projects begun with supplemental funding will reduce the - fa tbe enormous emergency resources required during the past two In Ecuador, an activity complementary to the VCAT initiative will be undertaken by UNDRO with OFDA funding. This project will place telemetered monitoring equipment on the three most threatening volcanoes, complete hazard mapping on six volcanoes, and, with the Ecuadorian Civil Defense, develop related evacuation plans. We will also continue our project with the Ecuadorian Civil Defense in Quito in the development and training of neighborhood committees and extend this work to selected provincial capitals. mal pers. In Peru, the A.I.D. Mission has decided to assign one of its direct-hire Peruvian engineers as full-time disaster coordinator to bring enhanced focus and attention to the considerable portfolio of OFDA-funded preparedness activities. This individual, along with the regional advisor, will expand our efforts at upgrading the effectiveness of the Peruvian Civil Defense. We will also initiate a tsunami hazard analysis and the development of an evacuation plan, with the Peruvian Civil Defense and municipal authorities, for the La Punta District of Lima/Callao. a 15% and IY 1987, A.1.D. 18 leading the aultinational effort in a sted esault on grasshoppers and locusts in 13 African countries by parking serial and ground spraying support, pesticides and technical Estance totaling more than $8.8 million. During the recent fanine and sight , the United States alone provided $2.2 billion in food and relief artisteace to Africa. Even more importantly, the African people, who only * Ute beginning to recover from the fanine, have been spared the vetering that ourely would have accompanied a locust-driven food shortage. be the present tine, although spraying operations in some areas of Africa time, nost crops have either been harvested or are out of danger from De retailing Insects. It may prove to be only a short recess before new elkreeks occur us eggs hatch with the coming of the next crop cycle and In Costa Rica, na jor work will begin on the completion of a national, state-of-the-art seismic monitoring network and hazard analysis. Major revisions to the Costa Rican building code will be one of the end products. The regional advisor, working with the new Costa Rican vice- president, will assist in the implementation of some sweeping reforms of the Costa Rican Civil Defense. Project Hope, with OFDA and A.I.D. Mission funds, will begin a major effort to train and upgrade the skills of emergency first responders. In Honduras, we will continue to work with COPEN, the National Emergency Committee, to assist it in the development of an operational plan, including legislative authorities and budget justification for facilities, supplies, and operational support. In response to the devastating earthquake in El Salvador on October 10, 1986, OFDA provided emergency relief supplies and services valued at more than $2.2 million, of which $1.4 million has been obligated to date. The U.S. Congress appropriated an additional $50 million in the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution to assist in the rebuilding effort. These funds, to be administered by the A.I.D. Mission in El Salvador, have been programmed by the Government of El Salvador to finance the following activities: rubble clean up ($4 million); small and micro-business reconstruction ($10 million); housing, including temporary shelter, building materials for a provide a forun for an exchange of lessons learned In locust/grasshopper setzel for lest African countries, OFDA 10 considering hosting a workshop 1 tbe Sebel for neaber countries of the Permanent Interstate Committee for saeght Control to the Sahel (CILSS). Topics will include state of the art Peter and control techniques, standardization of reporting, country plans the dealing with the 1987-88 emergency and improved donor / host country terdization. The agenda will be developed in collaboration with donor metry research and development Institutions in the United Kingdom and hace vich possible assistance from the United Nations Food and ersteulture Organization (FAO). There are plans also for a similar vertebop later in the year to address the needs of locust-plagued countries la bagliet-opeaking est and southern Africa. ha eltel.00, to build upon skills developed through actual grasshopper en cold operatione, orta, in conjunction with the 1.1.D, Mission In Dakar, legal, will identify appropriate Individuale for selective training in farvey and serial spraying techniques. 178 179 1397 low-income families, and home repair credit ($31 million); and repair of public infrastructure and services ($5 million). An additional $100 million in FY 1987 supplemental funds 18 requested to continue rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts in El Salvador. (See FY 1987 supplemental budget request annex for details.) Africa and Europe Region ($1.2 million): . Throughout FY 1986 the International Disaster Assistance program has had as 1ts primary focus the aftermath of the African drought and famine energency. The supplemental appropriation of $135 million dollars for relief, rehabilitation and recovery of drought victims in Africa greatly Increased the International Disaster Assistance account in FY 1985-FY 1986 as did the intra-agency borrowing of $36.8 million to meet additional relief and rehabilitation needs throughout the world. We are hopeful that the Impact of the projects begun with supplemental funding will reduce the need for the enormous emergency resources required during the past two fiscal years. la FI 1986 and PY 1987, A.I.D. is leading the multinacional effort in a united assault on grasshoppers and locusts in 13 African countries by providing aerial and ground spraying support, pesticides and technical assistance totaling more than $8.8 million. During the recent famine and drought, the United States alone provided $2.2 billion in food and relief assistance to Africa. Even more importantly, the African people, who only now are beginning to recover from the fanine, have been spared the Buffering that surely would have accompanied a locust-driven food shortage, For the present time, although spraying operations in some areas of Africa continue, most crops have either been harvested or are out of danger from the remaining insects. It may prove to be only a short recess before new out breaks occur as eggs hatch with the coming of the next crop cycle and raine, & To provide a forum for an exchange of leasons learned in locust/grasshopper control for West African countries, OFDA la considering hosting a workshop in the Sahel for member countries of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS). Topics will include state of the art survey and control techniques, standardization of reporting, country plans for dealing with the 1987-88 emergency and improved donor/host country coordination. The agenda wil1 be developed in collaboration with donor country research and development Institutions in the United Kingdom and France vith possible assistance from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (PAO). There are plans also for a similar vorkshop later in the year to address the needs of locust-plagued countries in English-speaking east and southern Africa, In addition, to build upon skills developed through actual grasshopper control operations, OFDA, in conjunction with the A.I.D. Mission in Dakar, Senegal, vill identify appropriate individuals for selective training in ground survey and aerial spraying techniques. 179 1399 1398 In FY 1987 OFDA plans to field a team of experts to selected countries in east and southern Africa to survey pesticide waste and disposal sites. As expressed by the A.I.D. Missions and the regional entities, there is an urgent need to address environmental hazards and to recommend a range of options to deal with the problem, including deteriorating stocks. min bertes and Carlbbean Region ($2.0 aillion): ? 38 vill see a continued emphasis on the initiatives begun in FY 1987, a priority placed on encouraging the respective host governments, the J. Westons, and other donors to join with OFDA in supporting and taking a vider range of inter-related disaster management activities, This year we will forge closer cooperation with European Institutions active in tropical pest control research and development. Collaboration will take the shape of planning efforts for workshops and development of user-oriented information tools, such as grasshopper identification and pesticide user manuals. u maleness is groving within the International development community of a later-relationships between hazard analysis, disaster preparedness, and esate development. Several important events during FY 1987 will further belight the significant natural hazards impacting the Latin America and er been region. The final USGS Circua-Pacific Seismic Gap naps vill keme sellable and the risk maps of South America earthquake, volcano and al: walisis vill be disseminated to all participating governments, psicles and Institutions in the private sector. These two scientific ariations are certain to gain the immediate attention of potentially l'ested governments and the International development and Investment To build on the gains made over the last year in strengthening the Malagasy Red Cross Society to respond to the annual cyclone season of the southwest Indian Ocean, OFDA is considering the support services of a French-speaking League of Red Cross Societies delegate to Madagascar. Previous efforts in working with the national society have already brought positive results as seen in that organization's response to cyclone Honorinina. Whenever feasible, post-earthquake conditions in Europe (particularly Eastern Europe) will be explored for establishing future disaster mitigation through improved building techniques OFDA policy of advocating risk-reduction techniques will be continued through FY 1987 and in FY 1988. larly ta 1988 ve will use this and other hazard analysis material being esported through OFDA funding to mount a concerted effort at increasing ward awareness not only within A.1.D. but also within such important teretional developnent funding agencies as the World Bank and the wet-laerican Developeent Bank. Our efforts will be directed at both lagurds related to future development Investments as well as to existing atrastructure and vulnerability of population centers. brica and Europe Region ($2.0 million): FY 1988 Program OFDA is requesting $25.0 million for International Disaster Assistance in FY 1988. The proposed program includes $19.0 million for worldwide disaster relief and $6.0 million for non-relief activities, discussed more fully below by region. 3 Asia and Pacific Region ($2.0 million): Increasing emphasis will be placed on utilizing established regional centers of excellence (East-West Center, Asian Institute of Technology; Disaster Preparedness Institutions in India, Indonesia, Philippines) in building national and local community preparedness, mitigation and response programs. Highest priority will be placed on improving early warning systems to forecast geological/hydrological and meteorological disasters and on strengthening the endangered populations' capacity to respond to these disaster threats. To accomplish these ends, OFDA will concentrate on awareness-building within the development planning as well as the disaster assistance community. As in FY 1987, specific country targets will be Nepal, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Fiji as well as the regional disaster institutions. Flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions and severe storms will receive priority treatment in terms of the hazards for which early warning, preparedness and mitigation will be directed. Additionally, new concentration will be placed on Industrial accidents, including chemical explosions, pollution and toxic waste management. recogaltion of the extraordinary locust plague of the preceeding two and seball years, OFDA vill pay particular attention to dealing with the special needs of locust and grasshopper outbreaks in the context of Mission Laster Relief Plans (MDRP). Towards this end, Missions will be urged to rate their plans to reflect host country action plans and resource leatories, as well as obvious gaps and weaknesses of the system. Gazdidates for disaster plan overhauls are Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. ter countries vill be persuaded to draft a first MDRP. Chad and the Sudes are considered good examples. Where necessary, OFDA will provide tecbalcal assistance. A failure to document action agents/agencies and coordination and reporting mechanisms may result in a repetition of Distakes made in the response of the 0.8. Government and other donors. The disaster planning process will also identify training needs. faatllarity with the concerns of Individual locust-out break countries hained through the activities of 1987 will have identified those countries -- and would benefit by testing of various pest control methods, Cost of tests will be shared by OFDA and A.I.D.'s Science and Technology Bureau. There is urgent need to explore alternative control fechalques ained at eventually replacing chemicals as the principal locust control method to Africa. Together with the FAO, OFDA and the Africa bureau of A.1.D. will sponsor a workshop on pests and pesticide management with particular emphasis on safe storage, handling and disposal of who would welcome pesticides in the African setting. 180 181 1399 Latin America and Caribbean Region ($2.0 million): PY 1988 will see a continued emphasis on the initiatives begun in FY 1987, with priority placed on encouraging the respective host governments, the A.I.D, Missions, and other donors to join with OFDA in supporting and funding a wider range of inter-related disaster management activities. An awareness 18 growing within the International development community of the inter-relationships between hazard analysis, disaster preparedness, and economic development. Several important events during FY 1987 will further highlight the significant natural hazards impacting the Latin America and Caribbean region. The final USGS Circum-Pacific Seismic Gap maps will become available and the risk maps of South America earthquake, volcano and fault analysis will be disseminated to all participating governments, agencies and institutions in the private sector. These two scientific contributions are certain to gain the immediate attention of potentially affected governments and the international development and Investment community. Early in FY 1988 we will use this and other hazard analysis material being supported through OFDA funding to mount a concerted effort at increasing hazard awareness not only within A.I.D. but also within such important International development funding agencies as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Our efforts will be directed at both hazards related to future development investments as well as to existing infrastructure and vulnerability of population centers. Africa and Europe Region ($2.0 million): In recognition of the extraordinary locust plague of the preceeding two and one-half years, OFDA will pay particular attention to dealing with the special needs of locust and grasshopper outbreaks in the context of Mission Disaster Relief Plans (MDRP). Towards this end, Missions will be urged to update their plans to reflect host country action plans and resource inventories, as well as obvious gaps and weaknesses of the system. Candidates for disaster plan overhauls are Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. Other countries will be persuaded to draft a first MDRP, Chad and the Sudan are considered good examples. Where necessary, OFDA will provide technical assistance. A failure to document action agents/agencies and coordination and reporting mechanisms may result in a repetition of mistakes made in the response of the U.S. Government and other donors. The disaster planning process will also identify training needs. Familiarity with the concerns of individual locust-out break countries gained through the activities of 1987 will have identified those countries who would welcome -- and would benefit by testing of various pest control methods. Cost of tests will be shared by OFDA and A.I.D.'s Science and Technology Bureau, There is urgent need to explore alternative control techniques aimed at even ally replaci chemicals as the principal locust control method in Africa, Together with the FAO, OFDA and the Africa Bureau of A.I.D, will sponsor a workshop on pests and pesticide management with particular emphasis on safe storage, handling and disposal of pesticides in the African setting. 181 1400 1401 In addition, the fragility of Sahelian country economies will continue to render them vulnerable to exaggerated consequences of disasters. A major constraint to providing emergency assistance involves mobilization of in-country response infrastructure. OFDA's objective will be to continue to support early warning systems so as to identify potential disasters as soon as possible. Regarding southern Africa, lessons learned during the 1983–1985 famine emphasize the importance of improving health and nutrition data on disaster-affected populations. Health statistics were identified as the single most important requirement for making high-level decisions on the allocation of emergency resources and for assuring that the most pressing needs received priority attention. An A.I.D evaluation concluded that the famine emergency response suffered when policy makers delayed making decisions due to incomplete data or low confidence in the data available. OFDA intends to encourage additional applications in the use of health statistics in Botswana, Malawi, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Lesotho for disaster response purposes. The internal capabilities of southern African countries in this area are already developed. However, health and nutrition statistics are now gathered mainly for development planning. While recognizing that institutions need to be strenghtened and the reliability of statistics enhanced, OFDA would like to leverage its contribution to encourage application of existing data for the purpose of managing disaster response. To do this, OFDA 18 exploring the support of training and technical assistance to key statistical units within Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Swaziland and Lesotho through United Nations Children's Education Fund (UNICEF) and the Cornell Nutritional Surveillance Program. FY 1987 and FY 1988 should also bring to fruition proposals to strengthen regional Red Cross networks in Africa, thereby augmenting response readiness out of regional headquarters in Nairobi and Harare. 1.ro agencie. of Biri olano recor rom menos purchar. Supruenti'grand i1* .1157171*'progr- Ansbassador'. Authority contributed to local roli. Grant to FAO for Sahel; per.onnel support Ambassador. Authority used forcohelingorran otockpile and Ambassador', Authority given to GOB's drought relief program Ambassador's Authority donated to GOBF for grasshopper control African Supplemental used for GOB plowing-recovery program African Supplemental used for well/dam construction & other plies; DOD airlito caritat Ambassador's Authority given to Burn Red Cross Scientists; physicians; tents; food; safety equipment water projects; emergency road repair of Grants to FAO and GOB; radios African Supplemental used for procurement & airlift of medical Grant to FAO for locust surveillance program; specialists Ambassador': Authority given to Caritas for temporary housing Grant to FAO for aircraft parts feeding DOD helicopters and crews; USGS technical assistance; DOD airlift of tents a blankets; radio equipment; local hire project; additional grant to Caritas African Supplemental donated to CRS, LRCS, CARE, WYRO & other suplicement: grant Grant to FAO for locust surveillance program PVO's for agricure recovery program, transportation program supplies aircraft support support, and 5,030, osa 162,7382 25,000 301,574 25,000 1,000,000 238, 0002 3, 138, 976 24,000 273,521 940, 8412 299,023 125,000 2, 744,471 75,000 16,976,592 150,000 250,000 21,500 10,000 54, 118 7,700 1, 183,5872 200,000 ORFESTER ausa 1 1 15 1,734 23,000 TING 182 07/25/86 illa e- 1401 Page 1 of 4 U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance FY 86* OFÓA Administered Funds October 1, 1985 - September 30, 1986 COUNTRY At ghanistanul DATE DISASTER Displaced Persons DEAD AFFECTED AMOUNT 631, 224 TYPE OF ASSISTANCE Grant to IRC to provide additional funds for food purchase (Special Supplemental) Africa Regional 1 Drought 5,030, 858 African Supplemental used for costs of FEWS System; ISTI purchase of trucks; grant to Helen Keller for vitawin A progra Insect Infestation - 162,7382 Africa Regional? Argentina 11/20/85 Floods 12 150,000 25,000 Bolivia 02/28/86 Floods 29 250,000 301,574 Grant to FAO for Sahel; personnel support Ambassador's Authority contributed to local relief agencies Ambassador's Authority used for local purchase of relief supplies; DOD airlift of glastic sheeting from stockpile and replacement; grant to Caritas Ambassador's Authority given to GOB's drought relief program African Suppleniental used for GOB plowing-recovery program Botswana 04/30/86 25,000 Drought Drought Botswana 08/12/85 1,000,000 Botswana 08/15/86 Insect Infestation 1,183,5872 238,0002 Burkina Faso 06/26/86 Insect Infestation Grants to FAO and GOB; radios Ambassador's Authority donated to GOBF for grasshopper control program Burkina Faso 11/27/84 Drought 3, 138, 976 Bun 03/05/86 Fire 1 21,500 24,000 Cameroon 08/25/86 Lethal Gas Eruption 1,734 10,000 273,521 Cameroon Insect Infestation 200,000 Chad 07/25/86 Insect Infestation 940, 8412 Chara 11/05/84 Drought African Supplemental used for well/dan construction & other water projects; emergency road repair Ambassador's Authority given to Burma Red Cross Scientists; physicians; tents; food; safety equipment Grant to FAO for aircraft parts Grant to FAO for locust surveillance program; specialists African Supplemental used for procurement & airlift of medical supplies Ambassador's Authority given to Caritas for temporary housing project; additional grant to Caritas DOD helicopters and crews, USGS technical assistance;. DOD airlift of tents & blankets; radio equipment; local hire aircraft support 299,023 Chile 06/20/86 Floods 15 54,118 125,000 Colombia 11/14/85 Volcanic Eruption 23,000 7,700 2,744,471 07/24/86 Ethiopia Ethiopian Insect Infestation 75,000 10/14/84 Drought Grant to FAO for locust surveillance program 16,976,592 African Supplemental donated to CRS, LRCS, CARE, WYRO & other PVO', for agricultural recovery programs, transportation support, and emergency feeding 183 1402 | - Page 2 of 4 U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance FY 86* OFDA- Administered Funds October 1, 1985 - September 30, 1986 COUNTRY DATE 04/21/86 Fiji DISASTER Floods DEAD AFFECTED 200,000 AMOUNT($) 49,806 TYPE OF ASSISTANCE Ambassador's Authority used for local purchase of medical supplies & insecticides; rat poison, sprayers, & spare parts Gambia? Insect Infestation 110,0002 Greece 09/16/86 Earthquake 21 45,000 25,000 Part of FAO grant for Sahel Ambassador's Authority donated to the GOG Disaster Relief Account Guatemala 10/15/85 Earthquake 0 0 12,000 15,000 Ambassador's Authority used for support of local relief program and shelter Guinea-Bissau Insect Infestation 29,0002 Haiti 05/29/86 Fire 1 3,300 5,000 Part of FAO grant for Sahel Ambassador's Authority used for local purchase of relief supplies Haiti 06/04/86 Floods 79 85, 911 212,679 Ambassador's Authority given to Haiti Red Cross for relief programı; bridge parts; local purchase of hand tools India 11/15/85 Floods 130 500,000 10,000 Ambassador's Authority donated to Prime Minister's National Relief Fund India 08/26/86 Floods 187 245,000 25,000 Ambassador's Authority donated to Prime Minister's National Relief Fund Jamaica 06/06/86 Floods 49 40,000 58,587 Ambassador's Authority used to support local relief program; DOD airlift of cots & plastic from Panama Kenyat 1 Drought 171, 960 03/18/86 Cyclone 99 Madagascar Madagascar 83, 885 21,712 Increase in grant to CARE for internal transport of food Ambassador's Authority used for purchase of medicines 04/13/84 Cyclone 16,103 Increase in cost of INTERTECT contract Mali 10/02/85 Insect Infestation 69,790 Mali 08/05/86 Insect Infestation 1,126,0152 Ambassador's Authority: technical assistance Entomologist; flying time;, pesticides; technical assistance; part of fao grant for Sahe 1 Mali. 11/03/84 Epidemic - 872 Mali 09/13/84 Drought 3,803, 059 African Supplemental used for increase in freight costs for cholera supplies African Supplemental used for grants to Africare, UNICEF, and CARE for feeding program, agricultural production program, and well construction Mauritania 09/27/86 Insect Infestation Mexicon 154,0002 1,364,2642 Ambassador's Authority; part of FAO grant for Sahel 09/20/85 Earthquake Local support costs; replace blankets, water containers, plastic to stockpiles; support for USFS, Bureau of Mines teams 6 other technical experts; construction equipment 184 OMIST ASTBI que 817bees PEA ORFECTED FISH Niger 09/21/6 Drought 1,775, 325 Insect Infestation Niger? Peru 61, 0002 03/04/86 Flood. 12 200,000 293,249 Philippines 07/11/86 Typhoon 106 730, 357 355,500 09/03/86 Typhoon 19 185, 615 Philippines 25,000 09/26/86 Flood. o 2,000 St. Vincent 25,000 1,633,9152 08/15/86 Insect Infestation Senegal RO 6 CARTransporti anketo FRESK A PATRONI verurena. Supplemental program. Rinteendertit.18. CARE & Arteare cor roller art of FAO grant for Sahel local purchase rope; potato beed DOD airlift of 340 roll. of plastic and replacement couto; Ambassador'. Authority given to Philippine. Red Cros.; Sardine. & condensed milk; seedo, medicine. Ambassador'. Authority donated to GOP relief fund Ambassador'. Authority used for local purchase of relief supplies Large plane operation; grant to FAO; wlathion; technical assistance Ambassador's Authority contributed to UNICEF/UNIPAC for medicines Ambassador's Authority used for local relief effort; DOD airlift of plastic sheeting & water purification unito; radio equipment: technical assistance; aprayers; housing rehabilitation assessment Ambassador's Authority donated to UNICEF for transport of medical supplies Protective clothing for chemical spill clean-up Ambassador', Authority and grants to local PVO'. for purchase of tents, cots, blankets, and other relief supplies for Crossroads victims 352 22, 800 Epidemic 3,000 02/13/86 1403 Sierra Leone 100 90,000 553,992 Solomon Islands 05/20/86 Cyclone 1, 307 7,093 25,000 04/17/86 Epidemic Sawlia 1 - 7,187 09/26/95 Accident 70,000 248, 320 } Somalia South Africa 58 Civil Strife 05/19/86 850,000 125,000 > Grant to Operation Hunger for feeding program in Homelands Ambassador's Authority used for local relief program 05/23/86 Food Shortage 554,000 25,000 168 01/16/86 Floods 1,024, 948 South Africa • Sri Lanka 3 Sudan Insect Infestation 06/25/86 Grant to Commission of European Community for procurement of chemicals, equipment, and personnel African Supplemental provided grants to CARE, UNICEF, & other PVO's for feeding, health, & water supply programs; Mission allotment for purchase and transport of sorghum 33, 143, 851 11/29/84 Drought 1403 Page 3 of 4 U.S. Foreign Dicaster Assistance FY 86* OF On-Administered Funds October 1, 1985 - September 30, 1986 COUNTRY 37STquele DATE 01/08/85 DISASTER brought DEAD AFFECTED AMOUNT($) 5,12,071 TYPE OF ASSISTANCE African Supplemental used to purchase seeds, provide grants to WRO & CARE, transport blankets African Supplemental donated to Lak, CARE & Africare for relief programs and well rehabilitation Nigeria 09/21/84 Drought 1,775,325 Nigeri Insect Infestation 61,0002 Peru 03/04/86 Floods 12 200,000 293, 249 Part of FAO grant for Sahel DOD airlift of 340 rolls of plastic and replacement costs; local purchase rope; potato seed Ambassador'. Authority given to Philippines Red Cross; sardines & condensed milk; seeds; medicines Philippines 07/11/86 Typhoon 106 730, 357 355,500 09/03/86 Typhoon 19 185,615 25,000 Philippines St. Vincent 09/26/86 Floods 0 2,000 Ambassador's Authority donated to GOP relief fund Ambassador's Authority used for local purchase of relief supplies 25,000 Senegal 08/15/86 Insect Infestation - 1,633,9152 Large plane operation; grant to FAO; walathion; technical assistance Epidemic 352 3,000 22, 800 Cyclone 100 90,000 Ambassador's Authority contributed to UNICEF/UNIPAC for medicines Ambassador's Authority used for local relief effort; DOD airlift of plastic sheeting & water purification units; radio equipment; technical assistance; sprayers; housing rehabilitation assessment 553,992 Saulia 04/17/86 Epidemic 1,307 7,093 25,000 Somalia 09/26/85 Accident 7, 187 South Africa Ambassador's Authority donated to UNICEF for transport of medical supplies Protective clothing for chemical spill clean-up Ambassador's Authority and grants to local PVO': for purchase of tents, cots, blankets, and other relief supplies for Crossroade victims 05/19/86 Civil Strife 58 70,000 248, 320 > South Africa 05/23/86 Food Shortage 850,000 125,000 • Sri Lanka 01/16/86 Floods 168 Grant to Operation Hunger for feeding program in Homelands Ambassador's Authority used for local relief program 554, 000 25,000 Sudan 06/25/86 Insect Infestation 1,024, 948 Sierra Leone 02/13/86 Solomon Islands 05/20/86 Sudan 11/29/84 Drought 1 33, 143,851 Grant to Commission of European Community for procurement of chemicals, equipment, and personnel African Supplemental provided grants to CARE, UNICEF,. & other PVO's for feeding, health, & water supply programa; Mission allotment for purchase and transport of sorghin 185 1404 Page 4 of 4 U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance FY 86* OFDA-Administered Funds October 1, 1985 - September 30, 1986 DEAD DISASTER Insect Infestation AFFECTED AMOUNT($) 50,000 Displaced Persons 1,000,000 1,055,018 TYPE OF ASSISTANCE Aircraft parts; helicopter survey Purchase (part through LRCS) of 25,630 family kits for the displaced in the Luvero Triangle; grant to UNICEF for water project Pre-dis. Assessment 2,000 Seismic evaluation 02/21/86 Floods Yugoslavia Zaired 1,000 25,000 Ambassador's Authority donated to Yugoslavia Relief Authority Insect Infestation 10,860 Technical assistance Zambia 100,0002 5,401, 479 $86,663, 348 Grant to GRZ for helicopter flying time (34 Countries) 42 Countries and Africa Regional 15 Carried over from previous year(s) 1 2 Preliminary figures subject to revision Carried over from previous year(s) Undeclared Includes funds from an A.I.D. Development Assistance account administered by OFDA COUNTRY Tanzania DATE 08/13/86 Uganda 03/28/86 Venezuela 08/17/86 Insect Infestation Total 27,496 62 Disasters 40 New Declared Disasters 9 Undeclared (6 in FY 86) 13 Disaster types Note: The numbers of dead and affected for disasters carried over from previous year(s) have been previously counted and are not included in this report; otherwise, a dash (-) indicates that information is currently unavailable. 186 AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS ABROAD 1405 Responsible Officers: alio el alie e 360 JYLIA CHANG BLOCA Assistant Administrator Burosu for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance Gau Hafta Putte DAVID A. SANTOS Director Office of American Schools and Hospitals Abroad 1405 AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS ABROAD Responsible Officers: Palie Els Boch JULIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance Gasi il the Auth DAVID A. SANTOS Director Office of American Schools and Hospitals Abroad 187 1407 1406 FY 1986 Actual 33.495 PROGRAM SUMMARY fin millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated 35.0 FY 1988 Request 20.0 3 schools and hospitals assisted by ASHA are educating EN students fron pore than 100 countries annually and are ending nedical services to more than four million persons ENE, the number of beneficiaries has increased by mere 21 dte third in five years as the result of grants made to rassisted institutions and grants for the expansion of 21:45 by prior recipients. AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS ABROAD Cassistance finances facilities such as classrooms, Durataries, libraries and dormitories as well as maternal- | 1. bealth, diagnostic and medical training centers. Fifty- u percent of ASHA's resources, $75 million, have been invested sich facilities. Other ASHA funds have financed scientific, zial and teaching equipment and operating costs. The office of American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (ASHA) assists private, non-profit schools and hospitals overseas which are sponsored by u.s. organizations to educate citizens of other countries. These institutions meet all or most of their operat- ing expenses from sources other than the U.S. Government -- from tuition, fees, private contributions, and earnings from endow- ments and the sale of services. iscational and medical facilities recently completed or under Israction total pore than 2.5 million square feet. The aver- At cost to the ASHA program has been $30 a square foot. This res figure is attributable to generally simple construction, 2-starlag by recipients and low building costs at most over- ocations. ujer accomplishaents during this period include to meet ertension of assistance to 14 institutions serving 14,000 stadents in the Caribbean Basin, including major expansion of three institutions of higher education in Central America dich emphasize the agricultural sciences, the natural and social sciences, business administration and market economics, ASHA grants help selected institutions to build and renovate facilities, to purchase equipment and, in a few cases, operating costs of educational and medical programs. ASHA-assisted institutions train future leaders in a wide var- iety of disciplines. These include agriculture, economics, business and public administration, medicine, nursing, public health, education, engineering and the arts and sciences. They also conduct adult education programs to improve the skills of those already in the workforce. Education is provided at a fraction of the cost of comparable training in the United States, ranging from $500 to $11,000 per student per year depending on the country, level and kind of education. These institutions adapt American methods to local needs using professional staffs which include U.S. citizens and U.S.-educated foreign nationals. They make a continuing contri- bution to institutional and human resources development in the countries they serve. Grants are awarded annually on a competitive basis following assessment of the merits of applicants and their funding pro- posals by experts from within and outside the Agency. - financing facilities and equipment at six hospital centers in Africa (in Botswana, Cameroon, Malawi, Rwanda, Zaire and lanbia) which expanded and improved primary and secondary medical services, pediatric services and nursing schools, - helping six universities in the Philippine provinces of Luton, Mindanao and Negros Oriental construct library, classroon, and laboratory facilities and procurement of equipnent; it is noteworthy that these U.S.-sponsored in- stitutions participated in the National Movement for free Elections which tried to ensure accurate voting lists and honest ballot counting in the Filipino election of 1986, ** saving Cuttington University College in Liberia from phys- ical obsolescence by financing the renovation and construc- tion of classrooms, laboratories, and supporting infrastruc- ture and the purchase of scientific and teaching equipment, FIVE YEAR OVERVIEW FISCAL YEARS 1982-1986 During the past five years, applications have been received on behalf of 135 institutions. Grants totalling $133.5 million have been awarded to 79 institutions. The distribution of these grants by country, institution and fiscal year is shown in Attachment A. assisting the expansion of the Maru a Pula School in Botswana, thus helping to demonstrate that multi-racial education can be conducted successfully in southern Africa, 189 188 AID 370-3 (8-83) 69-533 0 - 87 - 45 1407 The 79 schools and hospitals assisted by ASHA are educating 200,000 students from more than 100 countries annually and are providing medical services to more than four million persons each year, The number of beneficiaries has increased by, mere than one third in five years as the result of grants made to newly-assisted institutions and grants for the expansion of services by prior recipients. Most ASHA assistance finances facilities such as classrooms, laboratories, libraries and dormitories as well as maternal- child health, diagnostic and medical training centers. Fifty- six percent of ASHA's resources, $75 million, have been invested in such facilities. Other ASHA funds have financed scientific, medical and teaching equipment and operating costs. Educational and medical facilities recently completed or under construction total more than 2.5 million square feet. The aver- age cost to the ASHA program has been $30 a square foot. This modest figure is attributable to generally simple construction, cost-sharing by recipients and low building costs at most over- seas locations. 1 t 1 Major accomplishments during this period include extension of assistance to 14 institutions serving 14,000 students in the Caribbean Basin, including major expansion of three institutions of higher education in Central America which emphasize the agricultural sciences, the natural and social sciences, business administration and market economics, financing facilities and equipment at six hospital centers in Africa (in Botswana, Cameroon, Malawi, Rwanda, Zaire and Zambia) which expanded and improved primary and secondary medical services, pediatric services and nursing schools, helping six universities in the Philippine provinces of Luzon, Mindanao and Negros Oriental construct library, classroom, and laboratory facilities and procurement of equipment; it is noteworthy that these u.s.-sponsored in- stitutions participated in the National Movement for Free Elections which tried to ensure accurate voting lists and honest ballot counting in the Pilipino election of 1986, saving Cuttington University College in Liberia from phys- ical obsolescence by financing the renovation and construc- tion of classrooms, laboratories, and supporting infrastruc- ture and the purchase of scientific and teaching equipment, assisting the expansion of the Maru a Pula School in Botswana, thus helping to demonstrate that multi-racial education can be conducted successfully in southern Africa, 189 + . } 69-533 0 - 87 - 45 - 1408 1409 2 STATUS providing assistance crucial to the survival of the American University of Beirut where 4,700 students are enrolled des- pite continuing factional disputes and danger to the Univer- sity community, 3-assisted institutions generally execute projects exped- 23.1. Nearly 778 of the $133.5 million granted over the zive years had been disbursed as of September 30, 1986. financing medical and scientific equipment to maintain the Hadassah Medical Center and the Feinberg Graduate School as leaders in health services and natural sciences, respective- ly, in Israel, and ASHA PIPELINE Disbursement Profile by Piscal Year as of September 30, 1986 helping the medical education programs of Project HOPE and Project ORBIS to reach more than 40 countries, including the Peoples Republic of China. NO. OF ACTIVE GRANTS GRANT BALANCE ($000) TOTAL GRANTED (8000) 20,000 20,000 30,000 30,000 33,495 133,495 NO. OP GRANTS AWARDED 25 36 40 40 2 10 23 37 TE 851 1,690 8,933 19,527 31,001 DISBURSED 100.0 95.7 94.4 70.2 41.7 76.8 DISTRIBUTION OF ASHA FUNDS BY REGION Comparison of Peiods Before and After Establishing Goal of increased Geographic Distribution (In Thousands of u.s. Dollars) LTBAR 1986 PROGRAM Region Granted 1971-1978 % of Total Granted 1979-1986 of Total Change kz-tine applicants requested $84 million. Forty-one were ed grants totalling $33.5 million. Of these, 20 had not sived assistance in PY 1985 and 13 were first-time recip- **. Institutions receiving assistance and the amounts sited may be found in Attachment A. 三 ​Africa Asia Latin America SUBTOTAL: $ 1,325 14,855 27,339 543,519 1% 9 17 277 $ 22,189 33,328 46, 149 $101,666 110 16 23 507 +1,5756 + 124 69 + 134 SOAL YEAR 1987 PROGRAM Europe Near East SUBTOTAL: $ 24,120 91,282 $115,402 158 58 130 $ 13,535 87,294 $100,829 72 43 507 44 4 13 1.3-one applicants qualified for consideration. They are esting 589 million. The PY 1987 applicants are listed in cament B. TOTAL: $158,921 100% $ 202,495 100% + 27 SCAL YEAR 1988 PROGRAM *Based on ASHA dollar appropriations excluding deobligations and funds allocated for program support in the 1970s. Also, does not include grants of local currency, ESF or other funds. 1.0. requests $20 million for the ASHA program. Priority will * given to those institutions which best serve as study and monstration centers for U.S. ideas and practices and which Kder the greatest potential for developing human resources. Machgents: Grants by Country and Institution, fys 1982-1986 Piscal Year 1987 Applicants 190 vvv 191 1409 PIPELINE STATUS ASHA-assisted institutions generally execute projects exped- itiously. Nearly 77% of the $133.5 million granted over the past five years had been disbursed as of September 30, 1986. PY 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 TOTAL ASHA PIPELINE Disbursement Profile by Fiscal Year as of September 30, 1986 TOTAL NO. OP NO. OF GRANT GRANTED GRANTS ACTIVE BALANCE ( $000) AWARDED GRANTS ($000) 20,000 25 0 o 20,000 36 2 851 30,000 40 10 1,690 30,000 40 23 8,933 33,495 41 37 19,527 133,495 182 72 31,001 DISBURSED 100.0 95.7 94.4 70.2 41.7 76.8 PISCAL YEAR 1986 PROGRAM Pifty-nine applicants requested $84 million. Porty-one were awarded grants totalling $33.5 million. of these, 20 had not received assistance in Py 1985 and 13 were first-time recip- ients. Institutions receiving assistance and the amounts granted may be found in Attachment A. PISCAL YEAR 1987 PROGRAM Sixty-one applicants qualified for consideration. They are requesting $89 million. The FY 1987 applicants are listed in Attachment B. PISCAL YEAR 1988 PROGRAM A.I.D. requests $ 20 million for the ASHA program. Priority will be given to those institutions which best serve as study and demonstration centers for 0.s. ideas and practices and which offer the greatest potential for developing human resources. Attachments: A. B. Grants by country and Institution, fys 1982-1986 Fiscal Year 1987 Applicants 191 1410 ATTACHMENT A AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS ABROAD GRANTS BY COUNTRY AND INSTITUTION, PYS 1982-1986 (In Thousands of dollars) COUNTRY AND INSTITUTION PY 1982 PY 1983 PY 1984 PY 1985 FY 1986 TOTAL Botswana Kanye Hospital Maru a Pula School, Gaborone 600 600 550 425 800 800 2,375 1,400 975 550 425 Brazil Esperanca, Santarem 200 200 150 150 192 192 542 542 Cameroon Hospital Central D'Bnongal . 325 325 . 325 325 Egypt American University in Cairo Holy Family College, Cairo 800 800 900 900 1,000 1,000 2,250 1,850 400 1,750 1,750 6,700 6,300 400 Pederated States of Micronesia Xavier High School, Truk Island . 600 600 600 600 725 300 425 695 Greece American College of Greece, Athens American Farm School, Thessaloniki Anatolia College, Thessaloniki Athens College 1,075 700 500 295 200 200 1.380 380 350 375 275 475 600 4,575 1,180 1,595 1,375 475 200 950 875 850 2,500 Guatemala Hospital de la Familia, Nuevo Progreso Prancisco Marroquin University, Guatemala City University of the Valley, Guatemala City 1,825 125 1,000 700 1,000 125 2,900 3,975 950 875 1,900 600 850 150 200 Haiti American University of Les Cayes Bohoc Technical Institute Hospital St. Croix, Leogane 675 1,385 200 375 300 150 2,410 700 905 805 700 330 355 Honduras Pananerican Agricultural School, Zamorano Bscuela Internacional Sampedrana, San Pedro Sula 1,500 1,500 1,655 1,455 200 1,700 1,700 2,500 1,700 800 1,643 1,443 200 8,998 7,798 1,200 192 S00 A-388 Kodaikanal school Tam11 Ludhiana Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore Christian Medical College . Roep. Woodstock International School, Musoorte 500 00 soo II 400 500 110 450 1.030 110 2,950 1,100 1,100 4,650 500 9,450 300 250 450 800 300 20250 500 750 1,350 500 650 500 450 200 750 1,000 1,200 500 750 4,200 150 1,500 1,000 150 6,350 150 1,500 850 1,500 150 Israel ican College of Belz, Jerusalem Boys Town Jerusalem Beth Rivka Comprehensive School, Kfar Chabad Children's Town, Jerusalem Emunah Women of America Community College, Jerusalem Feinberg Graduate School of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot Gan Yavne Youth Village Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, Jerusalem Jerusalem college of Technology Kfar silver, Ashkelon Laniado Hospital, Netanya Machaniam High School, Kiryat Gat Mother and Baby Hospital, Jerusalem Music Foundation, Jerusalem Or Hachayin Girls College, Bnei-Brak Ohr Somayach School, Jerusalem Sha'Alvim Teacher's College, D.N.Agalon Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem 250 200 - 1411 500 200 1,250 200 IIIIII1,1 דווסוווווו 250 200 500 200 1,250 200 150 1,000 400 1,500 150 1,000 400 500 500 500 200 200 325 325 225 225 350 350 325 325 1,425 1,425 Bologna Center for Advanced International Studies Italy 625 625 225 225 850 850 Jamaica St. George's College, Kingston 400 400 250 250 . 850 850 200 200 Jordan Docearch, Amman 1411 200 .700 500 1,44 200 7.796 1.200 COUNTRY AND INSTITUTION PY 1982 PY 1983 PY 1984 PY 1985 FY 1986 500 TOTAL 500 900 India Kodaikanal School Tamil Nadu Ludhiana Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore Christian Medical College & Hosp. Woodstock International School, Musoor ie 950 1,410 300 500 500 500 4260 300 2,000 500 500 400 . 500 110 450 1,850 110 2,950 3,100 1,100 4,650 500 5,450 300 250 450 800 - 300 20,250 500 750 1,350 500 650 450 500 200 1,000 750 1,200 500 750 4,200 1,000 850 1,500 Israel American College of Belz, Jerusalem Beth Rivka Comprehensive School, Kfar Chabad Boys Town Jerusalem Children's Town, Jerusalem Emunah Women of America Community College, Jerusalem Peinberg Graduate School of the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot Gan Yavne Youth Village Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, Jerusalem Jerusalem college of Technology Kfar Silver, Ashkelon Laniado Hospital, Netanya Machaniam High School, Kiryat Gat Mother and Baby Hospital, Jerusalem Music Foundation, Jerusalem Or Hachayim Girls College, Bnei-Brak Ohr Somayach School, Jerusalem Sha'Alvim Teacher's College, D.N.Agalon Shaare Zedek Hospital, Jerusalem 150 1,500 1,500 150 150 6,350 150 250 200 . 500 200 1,250 200 250 200 500 200 1,250 200 150 1,000 400 1,500 150 1,000 500 500 400 500 Italy Bologna Center for Advanced International Studies 225 225 200 200 325 325 350 350 325 325 1,425 1,425 Jamaica St. George's College, Kingston . 625 625 . 225 225 850 850 Jordan American Center for Oriental Research, Amman 200 200 . 400 400 250 250 . 850 850 193 1412 1413 COUNTRY AND INSTITUTION PY 1982 PY 1983 PY 1984 PY 1985 FY 1986 TOTAL 300 800 1,150 1,300 400 400 250 Korea Chung Ang University, Seoul Kwangju Christian Hospital Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeon ju sogang University, Seoul Soong Jun University, Seoul St. Joseph's Girls High School, Cholla Nam Do 200 400 200 950 3,950 400 250 800 1,500 900 100 550 900 100 4,000 4,000 4.250 4,000 5,000 5,000 Lebanon American University of Beirut Beirut University College International College of Beirut 5,350 5,000 350 6,200 6,000 200 24,800 24,000 550 250 250 650 Liberia Cuttington University College, Suacoco 900 900 600 600 700 700 2,850 2,850 650 550 Malawi Malamulo Hospital, Makwasa 400 400 700 700 1,650 1,650 550 700 Mexico American British Cowdray Hospital, Mexico City University of the Americas, Puebla 1,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 3,200 2,000 1,200 700 500 Pakistan Nancy Pulwood Hospital, Sahiwal '1' -- 'n 500 500 500 500 1,300 1,190 1,190 oli 1 1,200 1,100 650 650 250 Philippines Angeles University Ateneo de Davao University Ateneo de Manila University Ateneo de Zamboanga De La Salle University, Manila Silliman University, Dumaguete city 1,200 5,440 650 1,440 1,200 850 800 500 850 800 500 Poland American Children's Hospital, Krakow 300 300 150 150 750 750 250 250 325 325 1,775 1,775 194 Rwanda Nugonoro Hospital, *1 buy• 25 4 25 - - Sudan Loyola Secondary School, Wau, Bahr .1 Ghazel 700 SO 500 1,225 725 960 700 4,235 1.425 850 1,960 850 Thailand Bangkok Adventist Hospital Lampang College of Commerce & Technology Payap College, Chiang Mai 500 500 960 650 650 680 400 1,025 725 300 3,655 3,075 300 280 550 550 750 750 olo 1 Turkey Admiral Bristol Hospital, Istanbul American Collegiate Institute, Izmir Robert College, Istanbul olo 11 280 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 . 11 . 850 2,665 2,665 550 550 715 West Bank Bethlehen University 850 550 550 1,290 1,290 - saire Good Shepherd Hospital, Kananga 690 690 600 600 Zambia Mwami Adventist Hospital, Chipata 14 325 8, 100 6,22 3,350 1,500 1,850 3,925 2,000 1,925 2,500 1,500 1,000 2,200 1,500 700 2 350 1,600 750 133,495 Worldwide Project HOPE Schools of Health Sciences Project ORBIS 33,495 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 TOTALS 1413 TOTAL PY 1986 PY 1985 PY 1984 PY 1983 PY 1982 575 575 COUNTRY AND INSTITUTION . . 575 575 : 425 425 Rwanda Mugonero Hospital, Kibuye 425 425 . : 850 Sudan Loyola Secondary School, Wau, Bahr el Ghazel 1,225 700 700 4,235 1,425 850 1,960 500 725 850 960 Thailand Bangkok Adventist Hospital Lampang College of Commerce & Technology Payap College, Chiang Mai 500 500 3,655 3,075 960 1,025 725 300 650 650 680 400 550 550 300 280 750 750 280 1,000 Turkey Admiral Bristol Hospital, Istanbul American collegiate Institute, Izmir Robert College, Istanbul 1,000 1.000 1,000 2,665 2,665 850 850 West Bank Bethlehem University 550 550 715 715 550 550 1,290 1,290 Zaire Good Shepherd Hospital, Kananga 600 600 690 690 Zambia Mwami Adventist Hospital, Chipata 2,500 1,500 3,925 2,000 1,925 14, 325 8, 100 6,225 3,350 1,500 1,850 2,350 2,200 1,500 700 1,600 1,000 Worldwide Project HOPE Schools of Health Sciences Project ORBIS 33,495 133,495 750 30,000 30,000 20,000 20,000 TOTALS 195 1415 1414 ATTACHMENT B Office of American Schools and Hospitals Abroad FY 1987 APPLICANTS 20.000 DOO 15.000 15.000 35.000 95.000 CCO 58 35.00 i 197 1. Admiral Bristol Hospital, Turkey 2. American British Coudray Hospital, Mexico 3. American Children's Hospital, Poland 4. American Girls Service Center, Turkey 5. American Medical Clinic, China 6. American University of Beirut, Lebanon 7. American University in Cairo, Egypt 8. American University of Les Cayes, Halti 9. Ateneo de Naga, Philippines 10. Athens College, Greece 11. Bangkok Adventist Hospital, Thailand 12. Beirut University College, Lebanon 13. Beth Yaakov Avot Girls High School, Israel 14. Blegen_and Gennadius Librarles, Greece 15. Bohoc Technical Institute, Halti 16. Bologna Center of International Studies, Italy 17. Boys Town Jerusalem, Israel 18. Center for American Studies and Life Sciences, China 19. Central Hospital Enongal, Cameroon 20. Chung-Ang University, Korea 21. Cotopaxi Academy, Ecuador 22. Cuttington University College, Liberia 23. De La Salle University, Philippines 24. Eastern Technical Institute, Sri Lanka 25. Esperanca, Brazil 26. Felnberg Graduate School, Israel 27. Francisco Marroquin University, Guatemala 28. Good Shepherd Hospital, Zaire 29. Hadassah Medical Center, Israel 30. Hospital de la Fomilla Medical Center, Guatemala 31. Hospital St. Crolx, Haiti 32. Hospital Vozandes, Ecuador 33. International College of Belrut, Lebanon 34. Kfar Silver School, Israel 35. La Salle College, Philippines 36. Lomp ang College of Commerce & Technology, Thall and 37. Macha Hospital, Zambia 38. Maryknoll Hospital, Korea 39. Medical Center for the South Pacific, FIJI 40. Michl alah Jerusalem college for Women, Israel 41. Nancy Fulwood Hospital, Pakistan 42. Northern Christian College, Philippines 43. Notre Dame of Marbel college, Philippines 44. Notre Dame University, Philippines 45. Panamerican Agricultural School, Honduras 46. Payap University, Thalland 47. Petra Christian University, Indonesia 48. Presbyterian Medical Center, Korea 49. Project HOPE Schools of Moalth Sclencos, Worldwide 50. Project ORBIS, Worldwide 51. Ramses college for Girls, Egypt 52. Robert College, Turkey 53. Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Israel 54. Simon Mazorodze Institute, Zimbabwe 55. Sogang University, Korea 56. St. Luke's Medical Center, Philippines 57. Tal van Adventist Hospital, Tal van 58. Tenwek Hospital, Kenya 59. Trinity College, Philippines 60. University of the Americas, Mexico 61. University of the Valley, Guatemala 62. Vellore Christian Medical College & Hospital, India 63. Wanloss hospital of Miral Medical Conter, India $ 2,065,000 1,949,500 730,000 737, 128 1,000,000 7,500,000 1,450,000 3,861, 738 889,000 621, 145 400,000 400,000 970,000 1, 182,581 961,570 375,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 867,000 1,500,000 1,250,000 935,000 1,305, 790 128,000 293, 468 1,767,000 3,821,000 1,675,000 3,883,500 250,000 285,000 960, 352 450,000 1,027,000 273,215 1,154,000 248,629 1,500,000 5,200,000 1,000,000 730,000 1,250, 100 1,553, 717 1,276,956 2,550,000 1,972,000 1,435, 835 1,100,000 3,375,000 2,500,000 1,350,000 1,000,000 1,511,200 2,090,000 782,394 1,500,000 756,505 543, 525 1,330,000 900,000 1,950,000 1,575,000 860,000 218. ES 27. Sº ASIS GRANTS LOANS GRANTS SNVO GRANTS SN 01 ASROAD ANO VOL . Je OR 300 Poe PEACE AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND MOSPITALS TOTAL POR PROGRA TOTAL POR ACCOUNT TOTAL POR BUREAU ON $10CMOS NVOIN VHS-ISO MOSPITALS ABROAD 1 Co TOTAL: $91,941,988 196 1415 02/03/.7 SUNNARY 0 ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) C! 68-02 CENTRALLY PUNDEO - AREEICAN SCHOOLS AND MOSPITALS ABROAD -PROPOSEO FYP- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLI EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -THROUGN FYES- DOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES --- 15.000 20.000 35.099 26,421 33.95 417,661 33,495 --- 417.641 --- -0. 20.000 35.000 15,000 33.495 26,421 417,641 20.000 15.000 35.000 26,421 33,495 417.641 --- --- --- --- 20.005 35.000 15.000 26,421 33.495 417,441 20.000 15.000 26,421 35.000 33,695 417.641 ... --- PRIORANI LOP PLANNED AUTHO L FY 3 FY OP I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG PROJECT NO. AND TITLE WR FOR F300 POR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND MOSPITALS ABROAD 451,199 . :: 20.000 931-ASMA AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND MOSPITALS ABROAD 35.000 15.000 26,421 33.495 451.139 417,641 20.000 15.000 TOTAL FOR PROGRA 35.000 26,421 431.109 GRANTS LOANS 451.109 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 451.109 GRANTS --- LOANS 451.109 TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 451,109 GRANTS LOANS Relers to the planned project 197 Cuorel of effort WTY Yol tebligation solum - AB projecte in this al with inti blagion des boter December 31, 1900 we be on the other dute. For project with little to December 31, the FY of Fine potion is tudom. pinned for 1416 1417 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 20 02/03/97 • ECONOMIC SUPPORT PUND CP 88-02 LFY OP FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGM FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- BOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY37- JOLIG- EXPON ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSE 3 FY88- OBLID- XEN- ATIONS DITURES SUR FOR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST AMERICAN SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS AIROAD 35 6.000 6.000 6.000 206 --- --- --- --- --- --- 5.000 6.000 6.000 206 --- --- --- --- --- 6,000 6.000 6.000 206 DOO --- 6.000 6.000 6.000 206 --- --- --- --- . 6.000 6.000 6.000 206 --- --- 6.000 6.000 6,000 206 --- --- --- --- 6.000 6.000 6.000 206 OO. --- .. 198 D31, PRIVATE VOLUNTARY COOPERATION Responsible Officers: PRIORAN: CENTRALLY FUNDED PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 938-1335 G 35 LAILOCKI OUTPATIENT CENTER TOTAL POR PROGRA GRANTS LOANS TOTAL FOR BUREAU GRANTS LOANS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT GRANTS LOANS JULIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance thum Aucun THOMAS A. McKAY Director Office of Pthote and Voluntary Cooperation 199 1417 PRIVATE VOLUNTARY COOPERATION Responsible Officers: JULIA CHANG BLOCH Assistant Administrator Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance This file THOMAS A. McKAY Director Office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation 199 1418 1419 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) FY Estimated kasaring PVO Independence: Implement the private resource cuirements of the current legislation the 20% non-U.S.G. finding requirement and guide the Agency's policies to Scre PVO financial independence. FY Actual FY Request 40,411 36, 281 36, 740 normation Services: Operate a comprehensive PVO management and program information system to meet internal Agency formation needs, as well as reporting requirements to Congress and the public on Pvo activities, A.I.D. funding .zels and PVO capabilities. solution: Evaluate PVO programs in key sectors to better zdarstand their comparative advantages and weaknesses and to integrate lessons learned into future Agency program PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY COOPERATION Overview developaent. The partnership between A.I.D. and the private voluntary community is based on a mutual commitment to overcoming the problems of hunger, illiteracy, disease and premature death in the poorer countries of the world. Its success flows from an understanding of and respect for the particular strengths that each partner brings to the development effort. from our long association together, we have learned that PVOs offer tremendous diversity and bring unique strengths to this effort, However, both AID and PVOS agree that we have yet to realize the full potential of the private voluntary community as a major force in self-sustaining, broadly based development. Test programs administered by PVC represent a small but ficant part of total Agency support for PVO development us. In the last decade, the resources invested by PVC and 2359 community in program grants have significantly expanded * strengthened the development capability of the U.S. PVO wilty and financed specific field applications of small senise, income generation, primary health, child survival, **ty, appropriate technology and agriculture development as in over 50 countries. The objective of the Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation (PVC) is to expand the role and impact of PVO involvement in the development process. In pursuing this objective, the office has two major responsibilities: to administer centrally-financed grant programs that support worldwide pvo development activities, and to provide program and management support to the total Agency relationship. The Office's grant administration functions include: Program Grants: A worldwide grant program in support of PVO field activities in sectors and countries consistent with A.I.D. policies and priorities (Matching/Partnership Grants and Child survival Grants). Development Education: A grant program to support domestic education on the problems of world hunger and poverty. benefits of these centrally-financed grants extend well beyond ndividual field activities they finance. They play a Fificant role in continuing the evolution in the scope and the * Of $vo development efforts, whether funded by pvc, A.I.D. h offices or the PvOs' own private resources, The widely meninated sectoral evaluations initiated by PVC in recent years a significantly increased understanding of overall PVO maths and weaknesses in the fields of small enterprise sament, prinary health care delivery, water and sanitation, hity and animal production. The Congressionally-mandated 4 of the Development effectiveness of PVO Programs completed 1986 distilled the lessons learned from these sectoral sations, providing valuable insights into what pvos do well in kilog sustainable local development and identifying common 2.ens which limit effectiveness. As a follow-on to these poral evaluations, in FY 1987 and PY 1988 PVC will evaluate the Stern institutional development impact of a series of pvo uns. The results promise to provide further valuable 1.gits into the pvo role in promoting sustainable development, Ocean Freight: A grant program to reimburse PVO transportation costs of goods and equipment donated by the American public, The Office's program and management support functions include: 1988 Program Strategy $ Soppetition for scarce resources will require the office of At a mate voluntary Cooperation to sharpen its program focus. * vben AID's resources are severely limited, the strategic PVO Registration: Certify and maintain a registry of U.S. PVOS to establish eligibility for PL 480 commodities, ocean freight reimbursement and program grants. Denton Amendment: Approve and certify applications for the free transport of humanitarian goods and supplies on a space available basis by military transport to any area of the world. 201 AID 370-3 (883) 200 1419 Ensuring PVO Independence: Implement the private resource requirements of the current legislation the 20% non-U.S.G. funding requirement -- and guide the Agency's policies to ensure pvo financial independence. Information Services: Operate a comprehensive PVO management and program information system to meet internal Agency information needs, as well as reporting requirements to Congress and the public on PVO activities, A.I.D. funding levels and PVO capabilities. Evaluation: Evaluate ovo programs in key sectors to better understand their comparative advantages and weaknesses and to integrate lessons learned into future Agency program development. The grant programs administered by PVC represent a small but significant part of total Agency support for PVO development programs. In the last decade, the resources invested by PVC and the PVO community in program grants have significantly expanded and strengthened the development capability of the U.S. PVO connunity and financed specific field applications of small enterprise, income generation, primary health, child survival, forestry, appropriate technology and agriculture development programs in over 50 countries. The benefits of these centrally-financed grants extend well beyond the individual field activities they finance. They play a significant role in continuing the evolution in the scope and the role of pvo development efforts, whether funded by PVC, A.I.D. field offices or the Pros' own private resources. The widely disseminated sectoral evaluations initiated by PVC in recent years have significantly increased understanding of overall PVO strengths and weaknesses in the fields of small enterprise development, primary health care delivery, water and sanitation, forestry and animal production. The Congressionally-mandated Study of the Development Effectiveness of PVO Programs completed in 1986 distilled the lessons learned from these sectoral evaluations, providing valuable insights into what pVos do well in promoting sustainable local development and identifying common problems which limit effectiveness. As a follow-on to these sectoral evaluations, in PY 1987 and PY 1988 PVC will evaluate the long-term institutional development impact of a series of pvo programs. The results promise to provide further valuable insights into the ovo role in promoting sustainable development. $ PY 1988 Program Strategy E The competition for scarce resources will require the Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation to sharpen its program focus. At time when AID's resources are severely limited, the strategic S. 201 1420 1421 rthing Grants will continue to be the predominant form of art for pvo field programs. To be eligible for a Matching t", a PVO must demonstrate its ability to carry out effective Pl. spent programs and make a dollar for dollar cash match. ***108 criteria emphasizing programs which result in PVO Eational growth, e.g., expanding a successful program into * £!eas or countries, increasing technical competence in a ** or inproving strategic management capabilities. Partnership Grant is an evolution of the matching grant ****, designed as a further step to support PVos in carrying their own programs as independent development entities. As - these grants are awarded to a limited number of PVOS which a strong, well established record of successful performance ts supported development activity and offer the likelihood of Lificantly enhancing the pros role in addressing development zitles shared by AID. To date, PVC has funded Partnership t's with CARE, Save the Children Pederation and Technoserve. management of these resources becomes critical; their effective usage will require even closer coordination of development strategies with those of the private voluntary community. We will seek to target our support to key countries and key problems through programs that can be sustained at the local level on a scale that promises impact on a country's root problems. Special attention will be given to: improving the development effectiveness of the AID/PVO partnership by increasing the scale, impact and sustainability of AID-supported PVO development activities through strengthening PVO strategic management capability and technical sector expertise ; improving the management efficiency of the AID/PVO partnership by simplifying and standardizing administrative procedures for PVO grants and cooperative agreements; and increasing private resources available for development by applying cost-sharing and private resource eligibility requirements to AID-funded pvo programs and supporting programs to educate the American public on the issues of world hunger. In PY 1988, a budget level of $ 36.24 million is proposed for the Office of Private and voluntary Cooperation, including $ 2.7 million for the Development Bducation program and $ 7.3 million for the Child Survival program. This compares to a projected budget of $ 35.781 million in FY 1987. The actual PY 1986 budget was $39.9 million, which included $2.7 million for the Development Education Program and $7.3 million for the Child Survival Program. The predominant share of the budget will continue to support PVO field programs, with the balance allocated to Development Education and the Ocean Freight Reimbursement. A small portion of the office's funding will be reserved for evaluations, training workshops and management studies focusing on pvo effectiveness. Grants to Support PVO Pield Programs Program grants support multicountry field projects of pvos that complement the priorities of the AID bilateral program. They promote the institutional growth of US PVOs by iinking improvements in strategic management capability and sector expertise to the implementation of specific country programs. Through cost-sharing requirements, these grants also leverage a high volume of private resources for programs supportive of AID objectives. o li proposing $ 22.696 million in PY 1988 for Matching and selskap Grants. In PY 1987 we plan to provide $ 20.281 in for these programs. Stollowing examples illustrate the range of PVO activities ported by these field grant programs: Save the Children Federation (SCF) will carry out a five-year $15.5 million Partnership Grant (AID $8.5M; SCP $11.0M) during the period PY 1986 - PY 1991. Through this program, SCP will !eplicate the community skills center methodologies, successfully field-tested under the previous Matching Grant, 1a seven new target countries and strengthen its sector capabilities in three areas of basic need: food production, ..come generation, and community infrastructure and services, ne project will create seven community skills centers and fand specific center projects. It also will expand, strengthen and consolidate sce's delivery of training and technical assistance in the three priority sectors. This augmented training and technical capability will subsequently De nade available to SCF programs in 12 secondary emphasis countries. Training modules will be produced for both staff and beneficiary training and implemented in regional and Sector-specific workshops. This partnership program builds on SCP's excellent track record under its previous 2 Matching wants which strengthened the effectiveness and outreach of Sce's development activities in general, created and field-tested the community skills center as a viable unpact-enhancement model, and developed a strong scf sector capability in child-centered health. 202 ut * 203 1421 Matching Grants will continue to be the predominant form of support for PVO field programs. To be eligible for a Matching Grant, a PVO must demonstrate its ability to carry out effective development programs and make a dollar for dollar cash match. Selection criteria emphasizing programs which result in PVO organizational growth, e.g., expanding a successful program into new areas or countries, increasing technical competence in a sector or improving strategic management capabilities. The Partnership Grant is an evolution of the matching grant concept, designed as a further step to support PVOs in carrying out their own programs as independent development entities. As such, these grants are awarded to a limited number of PVOs which have a strong, well established record of successful performance in AID supported development activity and offer the likelihood of significantly enhancing the PVOs role in addressing development priorities shared by AID. To date, PVC has funded Partnership Grants with CARE, Save the Children Federation and Technoserve. AID is proposing $ 22.696 million in FY 1988 for Matching and Partnership Grants. In FY 1987 we plan to provide $ 20.281 million for these programs. The following examples illustrate the range of PVO activities supported by these field grant programs: Save the Children Federation (SCF) will carry out a five-year $19.5 million Partnership Grant (AID $8.5M; SCP $11.0M) during the period fy 1986 - FY 1991. Through this program, SCP will replicate the community skills center methodologies, successfully field-tested under the previous Matching Grant, in seven new target countries and strengthen its sector capabilities in three areas of basic need: food production, incone generation, and community infrastructure and services, The project will create seven community skills centers and fund specific center projects. It also will expand, strengthen and consolidate sce's delivery of training and technical assistance in the three priority sectors. This augmented training and technical capability will subsequently be made available to scf programs in 12 secondary emphasis countries. Training modules will be produced for both staff and beneficiary training and implemented in regional and sector-specific workshops. This Partnership program builds on SCF's excellent track record under its previous 2 Matching Grants which strengthened the effectiveness and outreach of Sce's development activities in general, created and field-tested the community skills center as a viable impact-enhancement model, and developed a strong sce sector capability in child-centered health. 203 1422 1423 Technoserve, Inc. (TNS) has begun a five year (PY 1986-FY 1991) $12.3 million (A.I.D., TNS each $6.15M) Partnership Grant to expand and strengthen its program to improve the quality of life of low-income rural families by creating viable self-sustaining community-based agricultural enterprises. TNS's basic operating model is a carefully designed core package of management training and technical services for rural community-based enterprises. The project will help local TNS affiliates in Panama, Ghana and Costa Rica reach the 'critical mass' level of activity and impact (measured by scale as well as number) necessary to achieve self-sufficiency and to affect the national dialogue on agricultural policy and programs. The grant also will assist TNS to complete a methodology replication experiment in Belize; to initiate two or three new country programs in Sub-Sahara Africa and one in LAC; and to expand and improve its evaluation, replication and dissemination programs. ?to's; and a Learning and Linkages program designed to systematically extract and publicize for PACT members and the larger PVO community the project lessons learned through PACT's grant portfolio. Among the objectives emphasized under the present cooperative Agreement are: reduction in the average size of subgrants and simplification of processing procedures; targeting of support to newer, smaller agencies, both members and non-members; focusing 25% of PACT's funding dad service resources on local consortia; and increased funding levels for Africa Region activities. Young Mens' Christian Association (YMCA) is carrying out a three year $3.75 million (A.I.D., YMCA each $1.87 M) matching grant program, begun in FY 1986, which enables the u.s. YMCA to implement a new approach to development programming through which the YMCA is decentralizing its international activities to involve more people at the local level in working directly with development. The YMCA's greatest strength has been its ability to tap leadership and transform communities at the grassroots level, Thus, under this program, international programming responsibilities have been transferred to four newly-created offices for Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe, based at U.S. YMCAs with substantial prior involvement and expertise in those locales. In addition, three program support units have been created for the Caribbean, the Middle Bast and the Pacific. Initial feedback on the decentralization approach has been positive, with a dramatic increase in the number of partnerships between U.S. YMCAs and overseas affiliates, and a near doubling of fundraising for international efforts. OR? International (overseas Education Fund) with a three year FY 1986-PY 1986) $955,000 program grant, is improving its lastitutional capability to design and carry out income generation projects. The program concentrates on illiterate voben in eight countries in Central America and Africa. Using both headquarters and field-based staff, OEF is identifying successful ways to alleviate barriers that impede full Econobic participation of women in their local economies. The progran places primary emphasis on countries where OEP field representatives are based (Costa Rica, Senegal and Somalia), with secondary attention to one or two neighboring countries in each of these regional clusters. With grant support, OEF V1.1 (1) develop, test, and publish a series of training and technical manuals on women and work, (2) develop and publish research guidelines and case studies on women's economic status and the law; and (3) establish local self-sustaining field structures in at least four regions. 14 Survival Private Agencies collaborating Together (PACT), a consortium of 27 U.S., Latin American and African private voluntary agencies and consortia, serves as an intermediary for A.I.D. to help strengthen and coordinate PVO participation in overseas development activities and as a means to channel A.I.D. funds to smaller more experimental PVO overseas development projects. In this intermediary role, PACT is presently implementing a three-year (FY 1985-FY 1987), $7.7 million Cooperative Agreement with PVC. Under this agreement, PACT continues to administer a Project Development Fund which makes 30-50 grants per year to PVO's for projects in AID-assisted countries in Latin America and Africa; a Supportive Activities Fund which offers small grants to enhance the planning, design and management capabilities of sild Survival is the priority goal of A.I.D.'s health program. Agency's aim is to prevent 2 million deaths a year through the 5 of ORT, and to collaborate with other donors in providing matinuing immunization of the world's children. Our effort will mis on developing a sustained capacity in 22 emphasis countries * provide these key interventions, along with improved weaning zactices, growth monitoring and birth spacing. ?Po community has been a major participant in this effort. ** the years, pvos have pioneered a wide array of activities in would health overseas. Recognizing the special contribution that us can make in expanding child survival outreach, AID provided hly $25 million through centrally-financed programs in PY 1985 E PY 1986 for PVO projects, to which the pvo's themselves Satributed at least another $7 million of their own resources. in 1987, we plan to support $10 million of pvo child survival ktivities. Por FY 1988, we request $7.344 million for such ograns. 204 205 1423 PVO's; and a Learning and Linkages program designed to systematically extract and publicize for PACT members and the larger PVO community the project lessons learned through PACT's grant portfolio. Among the objectives emphasized under the present Cooperative Agreement are: reduction in the average size of subgrants and simplification of processing procedures; targeting of support to newer, smaller agencies, both members and non-members; focusing 25% of PACT's funding and service resources on local consortia; and increased funding levels for Africa Region activities. OBF_International (Overseas Education Fund) with a three year (PY 1986-FY 1986) $955,000 program grant, is improving its institutional capability to design and carry out income generation projects. The program concentrates on illiterate women in eight countries in Central America and Africa. Using both headquarters and field-based staff, OEF is identifying successful ways to alleviate barriers that impede full economic participation of women in their local economies. The program places primary emphasis on countries where oef field representatives are based (Costa Rica, Senegal and Somalia), with secondary attention to one or two neighboring countries in each of these regional clusters. With grant support, OEF will (1) develop, test, and publish a series of training and technical manuals on women and work, (2) develop and publish research guidelines and case studies on women's economic status and the law; and (3) establish local self-sustaining field structures in at least four regions. Child Survival Child Survival is the priority goal of A.I.D.'s health program. The Agency's aim is to prevent 2 million deaths a year through the use of ORT, and to collaborate with other donors in providing continuing immunization of the world's children. Our effort will focus on developing a sustained capacity in 22 emphasis countries to provide these key interventions, along with improved weaning practices, growth monitoring and birth spacing. The Pvo community has been a major participant in this effort. Over the years, PVOs have pioneered a wide array of activities in child health overseas. Recognizing the special contribution that PVOs can make in expanding child survival outreach, AID provided nearly $25 million through centrally-financed programs in fy 1985 and PY 1986 for PVO projects, to which the pro's themselves contributed at least another $7 million of their own resources. In FY 1987, we plan to support $10 million of PVO child survival activities. For FY 1988, we request $7.344 million for such programs. 1 To 205 1424 1425 The following examples illustrate activities supported through this program. #luding preparation and administration of ORT, The women uso have been educated about the need for vaccines. The proscan also provides health training and materials to school eachers, . Salvation Army World Service Organization (SAWSO), with a three year $1.5 million grant begun in PY 1985, is implementing child survival programs in rural areas of Bangladesh, Pakistan, Haiti and Kenya. In the target areas, SAWSO aims to reduce regional infant mortality by 30 percent; ensure prompt treatment for all cases of identified diarrhea; provide complete vaccination to 80 percent of all children under five; reduce the number of malnourished children by 30 percent; provide treatment and follow-up on 25 percent of all identified cases of pulmonary TB; ensure ante-natal care for at least 30 percent of all pregnant women; increase the use of family spacing practices; and prevent blindness through Vitamin A tierapy and nutrition education. Cooperation for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) Se Adventist Development and Relief Agency International 021), through an $1.8 million grant, is implementing child savival programs in Rwanda, Malawi, Bangladesh and Haiti. In baada, ADRA's program provides ORT and immunization services for an estimated 28,000 children under 5 and 25,000 mothers, Services are delivered through 9 rural clinics in Western ivanda that were reorganized to be more self-supporting. Suff at nine community health centers have been trained to faccinate children, to teach mothers to prepare oral Tetydration fluids, and to educate mothers in family planning 13 child spacing, Community leaders have been identified to tacourage the target populations to follow innoculation Schedules. In addition, 515 village residents serving as poluntary health workers have received training in sanitary latrine construction, personal hygiene, immunization, ORS and birth spacing. The Rwandan Ministry of Health provides both faccines and ORT packets to the health centers. freight had, will continue to reimburse PvOs for shipment of purchased donated commodities used in their development and relief 320s overseas. During the last five years, A.1.D. has w.seated approximately $35 million to pvos to ship supplies Led at sone $400 million, benefiting low-income people in some countries. With $500,000 in A.I.D. support for the first three years, CARE will carry out a five-year Child Health Project in 163 villages in Central Mali where one of every four children born dies in its first year. CARE will match A.I.D. funds with $451,000 in private resources and will contribute an additional $256,000 to continue the project in the final two years. The project has two key objectives: to immunize 808 of the children, 0 - 6 years old and 90% of the women of child-bearing age, and to ensure that 80% of the women know about and correctly use ORT. CARE will utilize a 'two tier" approach: in addition to providing ORT training and immunization services with mobile teams, 50 villages will be selected to participate in intensive primary health care activities emphasizing nutrition education, hygiene, aseptic deliveries to midwives, and other topics identified by the villagers themselves. In these intensive activity villages, the project will emphasize training of village health workers and development of community associations, with the goal of establishing a permanent, locally-financed, primary health service infrastructure. Thus, the project seeks a balance between immediate health service delivery of immunization and ORT to as large a population as possible, and the development of a broader, more permanent health system in at least a portion of the targeted villages. In Bolivia, Save the Children Federation (SCP)_has established a child survival program in Inquisivi and its surrounding 15 communities with a $506,900 A.I.D. grant to which SCP is also contributing $169,000. SCF is carrying out an integrated program that includes multiple interventions: ORT, growth-monitoring and breastfeeding, enhanced by activities environmental health, basic sanitation, agriculture and education. SCP is training village health workers and teaching members of women's clubs basic primary health care, light of the steadily increasing competition for limited ocean sight funds, in PY 1986 PVC revised its application guidelines award criteria to more closely reflect current Agency Zlotities. These revisions have resulted in a significant lease in the number of ocean freight shipments targeted to the et AID-assisted countries as well as an increase in welopmentally-oriented programs supported by commodities shipped the ocean freight funds. Taples of these program refinements during fy 1986 include en World Service's effort to eradicate polio in the Dominican polic and its support of a youth vocational training school in biti. Of particular note is the unique way in which the Ocean height agencies are now using clothing in their project Kivities. Por example, clothing provided by the Adventist Svelopment and Relief Agency supports a crafts rehabilitation ter at a leprosarium in Zambia and is used as payment for erkers on community road construction projects in Uganda. 206 41 207 1425 including preparation and administration of ORT. The women also have been educated about the need for vaccines. The program also provides health training and materials to school teachers. The Adventist Development and Relief Agency International (ADRA), through an 31.8 million grant, is implementing child survival programs in Rwanda, Malawi, Bangladesh and Haiti. In Rwanda, ADRA's program provides ORT and immunization services for an estimated 28,000 children under 5 and 25,000 mothers. Services are delivered through 9 rural clinics in Western Rwanda that were reorganized to be more self-supporting. Staff at nine community health centers have been trained to vaccinate children, to teach mothers to prepare oral rehydration fluids, and to educate mothers in family planning and child spacing. Community leaders have been identified to encourage the target populations to follow innoculation schedules. In addition, 515 village residents serving as voluntary health workers have received training in sanitary latrine construction, personal hygiene, immunization, ORS and birth spacing. The Rwandan Ministry of Health provides both vaccines and ORT packets to the health centers. Ocean Preight A.1.D. will continue to reimburse pvos for shipment of purchased or donated commodities used in their development and relief programs overseas. During the last five years, A.I.D. has allocated approximately $35 million to PVos to ship supplies valued at some $400 million, benefiting low-income people in some 80 countries. In light of the steadily increasing competition for limited ocean freight funds, in PY 1986 PVC revised its application guidelines and award criteria to more closely reflect current Agency priorities. These revisions have resulted in a significant increase in the number of ocean freight shipments targeted to the poorer AID-assisted countries as well as an increase in developmentally-oriented programs supported by commodities shipped with ocean freight funds. Bxamples of these program refinements during FY 1986 include Church World Service's effort to eradicate polio in the Dominican Republic and its support of a youth vocational training school in Haiti. of particular note is the unique way in which the Ocean Preight agencies are now using clothing in their project activities. Por example, clothing provided by the Adventist Development and Relief Agency supports a crafts rehabilitation center at a leprosarium in Zambia and is as payment for workers on community road construction projects in Uganda, 3 1 207 1426 1427 Filationalization of development education through collection a staring of information and resources. It includes, e.g., part of the newly-established Citizens Network and organization e pear of a national conference on major development education During FY 1987, A.I.D. will continue to support this program evaluation toward developmentally-focused activities. Por example, Support of Africare's program in Ethiopia will emphasize increased shipments of agricultural tools and irrigation equipment to support water projects and in Haiti, medical supplies and equipment provided by the Mennonite Central Committee will be used by rural clinics and hospitals that offer community health outreach programs along with their curative services. - 1 1988, A.I.D. proposes $2.7 million for the Development 3100 progran, which compares to a projected budget of $2.0 ...on ja PY 1987 and a $2.7 million actual program in FY 1986. reparate detailed narrative describing this program is found in A.I.D. is proposing $3.5 million for the ocean freight program in PY 1988. Main Polume. 4.00 Denton Amendment The Denton Amendment provides for the shipment of humanitarian supplies worldwide on a space-available basis by the Department of Defense. During FY 1986, 596,870 pounds of humanitarian supplies were shipped under authority of the Amendment. Recipients included refugees and other needy population groups in Honduras, the Philippines, Peru, Panama and Haiti. Examples of shipments during the fiscal year included a 327,337-pound donation of medical supplies and equipment to the Philippines, a disaster hospital for Haiti, and a wide variety of humanitarian supplies for Honduras. culation plays a major role in PVO program design and decision 3:23. In PY 1987 and PY 1988, PVC will focus attention on 38 of the longer-term field impact and sustainability of PVO tans, we will continue to study PVO health activities, shing their scope to include the child survival initiatives s underway. Past work on PVO roles in small scale private Keprise development will be pursued as well, focused in titular on employment generation. houtgrowth of earlier studies, key questions to be addressed in PY 1987 and PY 1988 will include: a can long-term development work be sustained and scale of Lipact broadened after PVO projects end? In PY 87, the office of Private and Voluntary Cooperation will continue to play the lead role in coordinating this program for A.I.D., the Department of State and the Department of Defense. Particular attention will be given to documenting the program's successes and to further refining the inspection process. Development Education in cost-effective are pvo projects and what are the recurrent costs associated with them? how effective have pvos been in meeting health needs lacluding child survival, primary health care, nutrition, etc.) in LDC projects? dov can pvos most effectively increase employment and private etterprise development? The Biden-Pell Amendment of 1980 to the PAA authorizes A.I.D.'s support of pvOs and other non-profit organizations in their effort to facilitate public discussion, analysis and review of development issues related to world hunger. Development Education grants are awarded based on an organization's ability to increase public awareness of the economic, technical, political and social factors relating to world hunger and poverty. Over the past several years interest in the Development Education program has expanded rapidly and dollar requests now exceed available funding by a margin of 3 to 1. We expect this trend to continue. Our Development Education program strategy for FY 1987 and fy 1988 has two major components. The first is a competitive cost-shared grant program to support a variety of demonstration projects aimed at specific target audiences and sectors. This program, which is the Agency's major response to the Biden-Pell mandate, finances the activities of approximately 25 organizations each year. The second component involves promotion of mechanisms that support the 208 209 1427 institutionalization of development education through collection and sharing of information and resources. It includes, e.g., support of the newly-established Citizens Network and organization each year of a national conference on major development education themes. In PY 1988, A.I.D. proposes $2.7 million for the Development Education program, which compares to a projected budget of $2.0 million in Py 1987 and a $2.7 million actual program in FY 1986. A separate detailed narrative describing this program is found in the Main Volume. Evaluation Evaluation plays a major role in PVO program design and decision baking. In FY 1987 and FY 1988, PVC will focus attention on issues of the longer-term field impact and sustainability of PVO programs. We will continue to study PVO health activities, broadening their scope to include the child survival initiatives now underway. Past work on PVO roles in small scale private enterprise development will be pursued as well, focused in particular on employment generation. As an outgrowth of earlier studies, key questions to be addressed by pvc in FY 1987 and fy 1988 will include: a) How can long-term development work be sustained and scale of impact broadened after PVO projects end? b) How cost-effective are pvo projects and what are the recurrent costs associated with them? c) How effective have PVOs been in meeting health needs (including child survival, primary health care, nutrition, etc.) in LDC projects? d) How can PVOs most effectively increase employment and private enterprise development? 209 1428 SUNNARY JP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PASE 1 02/03/97 CENTRALLY FUNDED - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION CP 80-02 . PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LPY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL OBLIG LOP PLANNED ATMO -THROUGH PYBS- OBLIG- EIPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES - ESTIMATED PY87- ILIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROSSED FY88- OOLID EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 9116C OJR POR P300 FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST PROGRAM GRANTS (MATCHING) . . 97 39 2.100 --- --- --- --- 450 125 --- ... 68 600 --- --- --- --- 100 ככו 360 ... 33 90 2.300 --- OCS --- --- --- --- --- --- .. --- --- ... --- 06 1.350 1.350 СС G 99 2.400 2.400 --- --- --- --- 725 --- --- 349 --- ... ... 3 36 Co 069 230 690 --- ... --- --- --- ... --- --- --- ... ... ... 70 2.400 2.400 700 --- ... 06 009 ... ... 400 37 300 --- --- --- --- 100 200 --- --- --- 95 2.300 2.600 2.300 1.397 ... 537 33 4.500 6.500 4.500 3. 302 200 1.113 636 620 608 . --- 210 dhe 20- $6 8. 20 1.575 1.330 725 2. JOO 2.375 06 300 1.300 642 1.400 740 3.242 3.243 --- POSTER PARENTS PLAN (PLAN) 400 425 --- JT SO 450 2.675 1.350 --- 477 OS os 500 97 6520-956 056 Os6 INSTITUTE POR INTL DE INC 715 .00 725 725 145 oco 55 87 2.325 2.600 1.300 700 750 78 2.100 85 IT 2.900 2.00 300 335 347 75 SSS 335 SE 2.000 1.000 5920-686 AGA KHAN FOUNDATION (AKP) 300 230 230 374 1429 36 230 3 SO 87 690 690 --- 1.400 823 500 611 1.009 --- 398 US 39 3.00 3.00 1.000 --- 2.000 1.000 --- --- 697 CA 3.000 3.000 1.117 --- 105 1.026 140 430 --- --- 49.401 41.627 5.63 6.996 7.772 7.984 5.637 --- --- --- LOANS --- 100 365 365 --- --- --- --- PROGRAM: 938-XX25 INTL INST RURAL RECONSTRUCTION (IIRR) 938-XX26 5 87 INROCK INTL LIVESTOCK CENTER (I) 933-XX30 3 LUTHERAN WORLD RELIEF (LOR) 2XX-S16 3 MEIPER PROJECT INTL (PI) 933-XX75 INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY SERVICE (IV) C6 S6 38-X177 3 AGA KMAN FOUNDATION (AKP) 1.020 1.020 933-XX78 AFRICARE 933-XX79 3 MEALS POR MILLIONS (PN) 933-XX84 3 INSTITUTE FOR INTL DEV INC (II01) ORXX-656 3 SISTER CITIES INTL (SCI) 933-0176 3 UTXERAN WORLD RELIE (2) 933-0200 3 SAVE THE CHILDREN/CON DEV IDN (SCPICOP) 33-0201 TECHNOSERVE. INC (TNS > 6 9336 2.380 2.800 2.800 2.192 SUNA OLYANO NOUSANO JOAN. CONTROLL UNDEO - .ORICULTURE. be. A NUTRITION LYO LOP -THROUGH PYOS- -ACTUAL AND TITLE INITIAL PINAL PLANNED OOLI- WAPEN- OLIO- OLIO OLIG AUTHD ATIONS OITURES ATIONS -ON Arcu. 10 A 7 GXPEN DITUROS -NOX PROPOS. OLI- ATION DITURES OITURES 39-0245 INTL INST RURAL RECONSTRUCTION (IIRR) 1520-85 935-0230 G Terren PROJECT INTERNATIONAL 0920-586 INTL VOLUNTARY SERVICE 31-0261 G NEALS POR MILLIONS (NPR) 931-0266 AFRICARE 939-0267 COOP FOR ANER RELIEP EVERYWHERE (CARE) 938-0279 SAVE TNE CHILDREN (0424/ct/ 3.150 5-150 935-0230 TECNNOSURVE. INCL (TAS) 5,603 7.772 6.995 1.964 17,479 9.951 5.637 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 17,479 9.951 69,401 41.627 GRANTS PRIGRAN GRANTS (COST-SHARINS) 1.500 G 7 TON (WRC) 1429 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN TNOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) AGE 2 02/03/37 CP 88-02 -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTINATID F487- BOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FYR- OSLIS- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 86 2.300 2.375 1,575 1.330 725 515 345 3.242 3.243 1.300 800 1.400 740 --- 642 --- 37 2673 1.350 450 --- *25 482 425 600 --- 300 OS 650 477 --- --- --- 890 145 725 715 725 800 OS 87 2.900 2.900 2.100 78 --- 1.300 700 750 35 --- --- 87 2.000 1.000 335 78 335 347 335 300 3 65 87 690 690 230 36 230 374 230 300 --- 6 33 39 --- --- 3.009 3.009 1.009 398 --- 611 823 500 1.400 C 36 99 3.000 5.000 --- . 497 --- 2.000 1.000 1.000 --- 3 99 3.150 3,150 --- 430 140 1.026 105 1.117 --- --- --- DOO --- PROSRAN GRANTS (COST-SHARINS) --- --- --- 365 100 365 --- Gert SY 211 Al wotton 11,1 more 1.100 Fondo dovedcom. PROGRANT CENTRALLI PUNDED - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEY. AND NUTRITION PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . LPY OF PY OF LOP | INITIAL FINAL PLANNED 6 OOLIG OSLIG AUTMD -THROUGN FYS3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 933-0240 INTL INST RURAL RECONSTRUCTION (IIRR) 933-0231 6 POSTER PARENTS PLAN (PLAN) 938-0258 G 33 TEIPER PROJECT INTERNATIONAL 933-0259 INSTITUTE POR INTL DEV INC 85 87 950 950 933-0260 INTL VOLUNTARY SERVICE 85 87 2.325 2.400 938-0261 G VEALS POR NILLIONS (NIN) 933-0265 G AGA KMAN FOUNDATION (AKP) 938-0266 AFRICARE 933-0267 COOP FOR ANER RELIEF EVERYMMERE (CARE) 938-0279 SAVE TKE CHILDREN PEDERATION/COF 939-0260 TECHNOSERVE, INCL (TUS) TOTAL FOR PROGRAN 49,401 41.627 17,479 9.951 5.637 7,964 6.996 5,603 7.772 GRANTS 49.401 41.627 17,479 9,551 5.637 7,964 6,996 5,603 7.772 LOANS 938-XXX1 6 87 ORLD RELIEF CORPORATION (WRC) 1.500 1 1430 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS 3 02/03/37 PRIGRAN: CP 38-02 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L FY OF FY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTH -THROUGN FY85- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLI EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATIO FT 87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 600 160 650 175 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ... 1,085 38 90 1.500 1.500 --- --- --- --- --- --- 703 --- 722 950 540 ... 700 ... --- 3 83 83 975 365 --- 110 --- ... --- --- 1.370 171 567 --- --- --- --- 87 597 240 807 888 300 332 153 100 --- 220 --- 300 256 ... --- --- 87 1.300 1.350 400 140 600 475 ככל 500 --- 157 285 1.228 1.135 900 ... 212 Chadens wa ... oder vers HOUSANO. OF DOLLARS PONORA. EINTRALLY UNDED - AGRICULTURI VRAL DIV ANO NUTRITION -ESTINATOO POSJECT NO. 3D TITLE PY OP YO! INITIAL PINAL ONLIS BILIO LOP PLANNZO AUTHO -INROUGNY- DOLIG- OPEN- •TIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FYS- ODLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES •! - OOLIG- PREN: ATIONS OITUROS ATIONS DITURES 2.135 2.395 3.SSS 2.210 2.6.9 2.4.3 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 15.294 13.063 2.895 2.I JS 3. SS6 2.210 2.639 GRANTS 2.433 15.294 13.063 69-533 0 - 87 - 46 LOANS VITANIN A 1.741 260 16 93-0266 VITAMIN . 1.800 1.800 --- --- --- --- 935-0502 SAVE ING CHILDREN FEDERATION (SCP) --- --- --- --- 25 --- --- --- 86 25 16 31-0316 200P 4 LEICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE (CARE) 1431 --- --- 269 --- 1.300 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 260 -- LOANS 2.709 --- 3.200 2.000 3.200 2,70 2.000 2.709 3.200 --- --- (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) CENTRALLY PUNDED - AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION 933-XX 63 G 9789 JOINT DVO/UNIV RURAL DEY CNTR (JPURDC) 933-XX67 • 87 89 EPISCOPAL CHURCH USA (ECUSA) 8 °5 3.600 3.600 933-XX73 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES COOPERATING TOGET 933-1X76 6 COORDINATION IN DEVELOPMENT (CODEL) 2.072 2. 200 1.222 938-0202 WORLD VISION RELIEF ORGANIZATION (NVRO) 938-0205 JS FOUNDATION FOR INTL SCOUTING (USPIS) 939-0233 % 93 95 WORLD RELIEF CORPORATION (NRC) 939-0240 JOINT PV/UNIV RURAL DEV CNTR (JPUROC) 795 825 935-0262 35 87 PARTNERSHIP FOR PRODUCTIVITY (PPP) 933-0263 3 85 COORDINATION IN DEVELOPMENT (CODE) . • 85 97 2.590 2,700 1,270 93)-0264 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAG TOGETHER (PACT) 1.859 1.95 1.800 GRANTS 1.359 1.899 2.661 DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION 6010 2.708 J.930 11.118 11.339 931-02JO DEVELOPNUNT EDUCATION (IDEN ELL 2.661 6.010 2.700 3.930 11.118 11.339 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 2.661 2.00 6.010 2.700 3.930 11.118 11.539 GRANTS LOANS 1 1431 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PROGRANG PAGE 02/03/87 69-533 0 CENTRALLY FUNDED • AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. ANO NUTRITION PRIJECI NO. AID TITLE 0 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 15,294 13.063 6044 2.895 2.135 9SS's 2.210 2.685 2.485 --- GRANTS 15,294 13.063 6.044 2.895 2.135 3.556 2.210 2.655 2,435 LOANS 87 - 46 PO .. VITAMIN A 35-0234 VITAMIN A 6 36 1.800 1.800 --- 1.741 260 --- --- 34 --- --- --- --- 98 98 : 25 25 --- --- 25 --- --- --- -- --- TOTAL POR PROGRAM 1.859 1.359 --- 1.000 265 --- --- GRANTS 1.859 1.859 1.800 260 LOANS 0. DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION 1 • CP 38-02 • L PY OF FY OF LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED GOOLIS OBLIG AUTWD -THROUGN FYS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES .91180 -ACTUAL FY86 EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES ESTINATED PY97- BOLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91780 -PROPOSED PY- EXEN ATIONS DITURES 2050-556 0 SAVE THE CNILOREN PEDERATION (SCP) 150-186 2001 ANERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE (CARE) 938-0230 G 81 C DEVELOPAINT EDUCATION (DIDEN 'ELL) 11,118 11.539 6.010 3.930 2.706 2.661 2.000 3,200 2.700 --- TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 11.118 11.539 6.010 3,930 2.706 2.661 2.003 3,200 2.709 GRANTS 11.116 11.539 6.010 3.930 2.706 2.661 2.000 3.200 LOANS 2.709 --- --- --- 213 ---- 1432 SUMMARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03787 CENTRALLY FUNDED • AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEV. AND NUTRITION CP 99-02 IT OP FY OF I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO THROUGM FYOS. OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OSLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JULIO EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY8B- OLI: EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL POR BUREAU 77.672 68.088 29,533 16,676 12,200 11,206 11,488 12.957 --- GRANTS 77.672 68,033 29,533 16676 12.280 11,206 11.488 12.957 LOANS 00 . SO. TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 77,672 68.038 29,533 16,676 12. 200 11,206 11.488 12.957 --- GRANTS 77.672 68,088 29,533 16.676 12.280 11, 206 11.433 12,957 LOANS ... --- --- --- 214 CIN CIVO ANO TOUSANOS SOLO AO. CENTIALLY PUNDED - WEALTH LPY OP PY 0 INITIAL PINAL 6 OOLIG OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUON PVO- cliê-xuan- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY88- OLIG PEN ATIONS DITUR es ESTIMATED Y7 - OBLIG- PON- UTIONS DITURES -PROPOSTO Y..- OLIG- AT TONS DITURES OUR PO POD POR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST 87 175 200 G 83 SATL COUNCIL POR INTL MEALIN CNC IN) 352 400 323 1.950 175 382 200 400 TOTAL POR PROGRAM &23 1.950 175 382 200 600 GRANTS 823 1.950 LOANS --- 650 --- --- 472 200 --- --- 87 89 2.000 1433 --- --- --- --- --- 300 --- --- so 88 600 500 400 SOO 3.000 99 37 --- --- --- --- --- --- 435 38 1.305 1,305 600 --- 38 93 1,950 1,950 --- --- 5 --- --- --- --- 275 20 90 325 825 233 --- 300 625 497 --- --- 1200 1.250 1.200 1.130 1 50 220 86 PROSRANS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE PROGRANS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 39-0271 PROGRAN GRANTS (NATCHING) 938-XX23 SALVATION ARRY WORLD SVC OPTICE (SANSO) 931-XX31 G APR 1ED AND RESEARCH PON (ANREP) 933-XX60 PROJECT HOPE (NOPE) 933-XX80 ADVENTIST DEV AND RELIEF AGENCY (ADRA) 133-XX81 MELEN KELLER INTL (HKI) 931-XX83 88 INTERNATIONAL EYE FOUNDATION (IEP) 938-0135 CATNOLIC RELIEF SERVICE (CRS) 3 INTERNATIONAL -78-0193 1433 SUNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/87 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE CP 83-02 FY OP FY OR I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -THROUGM PY&S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXP EN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES QUR POR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST 87 823 1.950 46 175 382 200 400 --- --- 46 175 382 200 400 --- 175 302 200 400 87 89 2.000 --- --- --- --- 472 200 650 C00 80 600 --- --- --- --- ... 300 --- G 37 39 3.000 --- 500 400 --- --- --- --- 500 --- --- --- --- --- 9 1.305 1.305 --- 000 00 435 G 38 99 --- --- ... --- 600 --- --- --- --- --- 90 --- --- 325 825 275 000 86 1,200 1.250 300 497 425 413 233 1.200 --- --- 1,130 150 220 --- 215 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - MEALTN INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT 931-0271 G 85 TATL COUNCIL POR INTL MEALIN (MCIN) TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 823 1.950 GRANTS 823 1.950 LOANS OO. PROGRAM GRANTS (MATCHING) 938-XX23 G SALVATION ARMY WORLD SVC OFFICE (SAWSO) 931-XX31 G APR TED AND RESEARCH PON CARREF) 938-XX6€ PROJECT HOPE (NOPE) 933-XX80 G ADVENTIST DEV AND RELIEP AGENCY (ADRA) 933-XX1 MELEN KELLER INTL (MKI) 1,950 1.950 938-XX83 G 88 INTERNATIONAL EYE FOUNDATION (IEP) 935-0135 6 83 CATNOLIC RELIEF SERVICE (CRS) 39-0193 3 93 PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL (PCI) motorty cence Yo-Alcolome think one before Debo 31, Hedondo 31. 1000 FY lition on 1434 1435 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 7 02/03/07 MEALTM CP 05-02 LFY OR PY OF I INITIAL PINAL 6 ODLIG OLIG LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGM PYBS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL P786- OOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATEO FY97- OBLIG EXPEN ATIONS DITURES PROPOSED TO OILIG- ATIONS DITURES 33 35 350 266 2.05 2.150 1.350 050 700 --- 420 ... --- G 94 ... CO --- 1.771 ... 3.002 3.300 --- --- --- --- --- ... 5 35 99 1.485 1.000 700 400 2.850 2.350 85 87 1.900 1.950 650 374 600 586 600 300 -.. --- 87 825 825 275 --- 275 339 275 300 --- --- $5 87 365 400 331 400 500 --- 1.200 1.305 --- 650 ... 200 35 213 201 .. ... --- --- 09 --- 3.000 3.000 400 69 400 400 ROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL (PCI) TOTAL POR PROGRAM 25.307 20.710 5.190 3.251 4.435 2.753 3.360 5.624 3,460 GRANTS 5.190 3.251 6,435 2.753 3.360 5.624 3,460 26, 307 20.710 LOANS DO --- --- --- --- 37 .. :: --- --- --- 650 730 --- --- 216 GURRAY CIN ACTIVO ANO POPOSE THOUSANDS o OLLA. NCALTN CP ..-02 -INROUGN PVS- DILIG- EXPEN- .TIONS OITURES -ACTUAL PV- OULIG- 2xEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATI0 PV7- BLIO- ERPIN- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PY..- OILI- ATIONS DI TUBOS 1.000 PROJECT NO. PY OP YO LOP AND TITLE INITIAL PINAL PLANNED OBLIG ODLIG AUTN 931-XX75 98 O 1.500 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES 1.500 COOPERATING TOGET 39-XX2 99 600 NATL COUNCIL POR INTL MEALTN 600 (NCIN) --- 200 --- --- --- --- 1.351 440 32 OS 1.233 --- --- 500 --- 1.390 1.000 350 1.290 OO 85 2.580 2.580 1.000 1.50 --- 1.940 2.023 1.390 3.853 2.2.2 4.680 6.680 1.000 1.999 1940 2.242 1.890 2.023 3.853 6.600 6.680 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 326 470 142 --- 11 3 95 --- 800 --- --- 2.164 --- --- 2. 164 2.340 SS 95 3 COOP FOR ANERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE (CAR --- --- --- 200 211 --- 34 690 55 85 690 690 --- --- --- --- 439 SOO 1.325 1.125 1.325 PRIÖRAN: CENTRALLY PUNDED PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 933-0242 PGN INTRO ADAPT CONTRACEPT TECN (PIACT) 933-0249 SALVATION ARNT WORLD SRVC OPPICE (SAMSO) 933-0252 PROJECT MOPE 938-0267 COOP FOR ANER RELIEF EVERTUNERE (CARE) 93B-0269 6 MELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL (MK) 933-0270 3 35 INTERNATIONAL EYE FOUNDATION (IEP) 933-0273 ADVENTIST DEVELOPENT AND RELIEF AGENCY 933-0276 ; 36 AFRICAN NED/RES POUND (ANREP) 939-0282 PROGRAM GRANTS (COST-SMARING) 935-XX66 ORLD VISION RELIEF AGENCY (WRO) Coton PROGRANI CENTRALLY PUNOID 939-023S PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAI TOGETHER (ACT) 2.S02 1.331 35-0232 PROJECT MOPE 35-0266 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAI TOGETHER (PACT) TOTAL POR PROGRAN GRANTS LOANS CHILD SURVIVAL 951-0500 TECHNICAL SUPPORTICNILO SURVIVAL 939-0303 939-030s ORLD VISION ALLIER HRGANIZATION (NEO) SS 95 | 31-0506 MELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL --- --- --- --- 408 250 26 ... 1435 ( SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 0270378 CP 85-02 PROGRAMI CENTRALLY UNDED - WEALTM 1 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L PY OP SY OP I INITIAL PINAL OBLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -TNROUGN PYBS- OBLIG. EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES - -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG EXP EN ATIONS OITURES .1110 - ESTIMATED PY97- JOLIG EXP 9N- ATIONS DITUZES -PROPOSED PYO- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 9 --- 1.000 90 1.500 1.500 --- ... --- --- 200 --- ZINY 986 C6 600 600 NATL COUNCIL FOR INTL WEALTN (NCIN) --- --- --- --- 500 --- 2.502 1,233 --- 1.331 98 99 3 --- CS 1,290 1.390 1.000 ... 1,959 6.680 1.940 1.890 2.023 1.000 1.959 ... --- --- ... --- -- LOANS CNILO SURVIVAL --- --- --- --- --- 470 142 328 ... --- --- --- 916 OC8 2,164 SS 35 2.164 2.340 --- -- 211 200 --- --- 069 --- 500 439 --- --- --- so &S 1,325 SS 930-XX73 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES COOPERATING TOGET 1.351 3 82 83 935-0235 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAI TOGETHER (PACT) 935-0252 PROJECT HOPE 0852 35 87 935-0264 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAB TOGETHER (PACT) 2.580 2.023 1.000 1.940 3.853 2.242 1.890 0899 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 3.853 2.242 GRANTS 6.680 6.680 --- 96 S6 31-0100 TECHNICAL SUPPORTICNILO SURVIVAL 931-0503 3 COOP FOR ANERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE (CAR 35 85 SOSO-886 690 690 ORLD VISION RELIEP ORGANIZATION (NVRO) 930-0506 NELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL (NKI) 1.325 1.325 --- --- 250 --- --- 400 26 Se Se 931-0508 ADVENTIST DEV RELILI AGENCY CADRA) 888 838 ( 217 PMAN'S 1436 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 02/03/87 CENTRALLY PUNDED • HEALTM CP 88-02 PY OF FT OP I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - ESTIMATED FY87- BOLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS JITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OSLIT- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 1.530 1.531 1.530 85 494 500 --- 85 85 SALVATION ARNY VORLD SVC : 95 95 PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL (PCI) 1.025 1.026 1.025 29 --- $82 300 --- --- 3 05 35 11 --- 153 --- 150 . --- 35 3 POSTER PARENTS PLAN (PLAN) 35 476 14 -- 474 --- 150 --- TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 8.440 3.693 8.910 341 --- 3.713 2.350 --- --- GRANTS 6.440 3.693 3.910 00 3.713 2.950 LOANS --- O. ... DOO . G 33c OCEAN FREIGMT REIMBURSEMENT .. --- --- ... 3.000 --- 1.000 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 3.000 ... 1.000 GRANTS 3.000 1.00 LOANS --- .. --- TOTAL POR BUREAU 40.250 36.033 18,401 5.880 6.500 8.871 9.000 9.474 6.419 --- GRANTS 40.250 36.033 13.401 5.880 6,500 8,871 9.00 9.374 6.410 LOANS --- --- --- --- 218 -A the fold SURNA. 0 CIN TNOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) ACTIVANO OROSOOJECTS CENTRALLY PUNOCO - NEALIN 0270, P...10 CP .-02 PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 933-0509 OFFICE (SAWSO) 933-0510 930-0513 INNESOTH INTO HEALTH VOLUNTEERS (NINV) 935-0514 OCLAN PREIGNT 939-0236 PROGRARS PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LPY OP INITIAL PINAL OILIG OOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTHO -THROUGN PYSS- DOLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURUS -ACTUAL PYS.- OILI- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -OSTIRATED FV87- OSLIG- ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED PYO- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURIS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 40.250 36.033 15,401 5.880 8.500 &.871 9.000 9.376 6.410 GRANTS 18.401 S.380 40.250 36.033 6.500 $.871 2.000 9.976 6.610 LOANS 1437 1437 SUNNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED • WEALTN PAGE 10 02/03/87 PROJECT NO. AND TITLE L FY OF FY OP I INITIAL FINAL G OBLIG OBLIG -THROUGH PYGS- CP 83-02 LOP PLANNED AUTND -NeX3 -91190 -ACTUAL FY36- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES ATIONS DITURES -ESTINATED FY87- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91760 -PROPOSED FYO EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 40,250 36,033 18,401 5,880 6.500 8.971 9.000 2286 6.410 GRANTS 40,250 36.033 18.401 5,880 6.500 3,871 000 € 9,976 LOANS 6.610 219 don -Adenite intere Do 31.10 donne 31,100PY 1438 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 11 02/03/87 CENTRALLY FUNDED - CHILD SURVIVAL FUND G 36 88 561 685 --- 40 --- 10.000 --- 7.344 --- 85 : 1 442 --- --- 276 --- --- --- 95 2.870 3.000 2,870 80 ... 950 --- 1,000 --- --- 95 408 408 408 12 184 150 95 --- --- 95 200 200 200 81 119 700 18 --- 219 --- 250 86 --- --- 40 --- --- 35 315 315 314 --- --- 136 115 --- --- : 36 2.125 2.125 --- --- --- --- --- 1.300 195 --- 460 66 --- --- 3 36 96 700 700 680 102 --- 750 11 --- --- --- --- 220 - THROUOMO- OLIO ROEN TIONS DITUS. CENY.ALL PUNOOO - CHILOURIVAL PODJETNO PY OF ANO TITLE INITIAL EN OIL 1 SLI 31-0320 ESPERANCA, INC. 931-O521 . PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL SSO Ja 200 133 700 105 640 1-270 190 190 7.300 191 2.31 10.00 1.559 7.366 1439 7.300 2.931 10.000 1.55 7.944 191 4.936 --- --- --- --- --- 10.000 2.931 1.559 7.366 7.300 7.879 ..133 1.559 10.000 7.346 7.300 2.931 191 --- 10.000 1.53 2.931 7.300 10.000 1.344 191 7.300 2.31 PROGRAM: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE . CP 80-02 LFY OF FY OF I INITIAL FINAL G OSLIG OBLIG LOP PLANNED AUTMD -THROUGH FY85- 09LIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY97- OOLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OSLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES BJR FOR FOOD FOR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST CHILD SURVIVAL 938-0500 TECHNICAL SUPPORTICHILD SURVIVAL 938-0501 85 INTERNATIONAL EYE FOUNDATION (IEP) 933-0502 G 85 SAVE THE CHILDREN FEDERATION (SCF) 939-050 3 35 INTERNATIONAL CHILD CARE (ICC) 938-0506 G 1ELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL (HKI) 938-0507 PROJECT OPE (MOPE) 3 35 35 700 700 933-050 6 ADVENTIST DEV RELIEF AGENCY (ADRA) 933-0515 3 85 CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES (CRS) 935-0516 COOP AMERICAN RELIEF EVERYWHERE (CARE) 939-0517 AFRICARE 933-0516 WORLD VISION RELIEF ORGANIZATION (WVR5) 935-0519 AFRICAN EDICAL AND RESEARCM POUNDATION Colorare FY FOR 931-O322 POSTER PARENTS PLAN 35-0523 3 CATNOLIC RELIEF SERVICES 933-0326 3 SAVE TNE CNIL DREN (SAVE) 935-0526 3 VO CNILO SURVIVAL OPERATIONS PROGRAM TOTAL POR PROGRA 1.679 8.133 GRANTS 1.379 8.133 LOANS TOTAL POR DUREAU GRANTS 7.879 8. 133 LOANS TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 7.679 ..133 GRANTS LOANS 221 1439 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAG! 12 02/03/87 CP 93-02 -THROUGN PYS- OSLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES •ACTUAL PYLó. OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES -ESTIGATED PYBY- SLID- EXEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED PY6&- OBLIO- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES 550 32 -- --- 900 135 --- 700 105 --- --- 36 -- --- --- 440 66 36 --- 1.270 190 --- -- --- 190 --- --- 191 7.300 2.931 10.000 1.559 7,344 191 7.300 2.931 10.000 1.559 7.344 --- ... 0. -- 191 7.300 2,931 10.000 1.359 7,346 191 7.300 2,931 10.000 1.559 1.366 00 4.934 191 7.300 2.931 10.000 1.559 7.344 --- 191 7.300 2.931 10.000 1.559 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY PUNDED - CHILD SURVIVAL FUND PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE LAY OP FY OP I INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OSLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND 933-0520 ESPERANCA, INC. 33-0521 96 PROJECT CONCERN INTERNATIONAL 931-0522 FOSTER PARENTS PLAN 31-0523 3 CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES 933-0524 . SAVE THE CHILDREN (SAVE) 933-0326 3 PVO CNILD SURVIVAL OPERATIONS PROGRAN TOTAL FOR PROGRA 7.879 8,133 GRANTS 7.879 3.133 4.934 LOANS TOTAL FOR BUREAU 7.879 8.133 6.934 GRANTS 7.379 8.133 LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 7.879 8,133 GRANTS 7.679 3.133 ) LOANS 0. --- 7.366 221 Male31, 1000mtoto wote con D.No. 1440 1441 SUMMARY OR ACTIVE AND. PROPOSEO PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGE 13 02/03/87 CENTRALLY FUNDED • EDUCATION AND MUMAN RESOURCES CP 83-02 • LFY ON PY OP | INITIAL FINAL OOLIG LOP PLANNED AUTND -THROUGN PYBS- DOLIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITURES 91160 -91100 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED FY87- JLIS- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - PROPOSE YOI- OBLIS EXPEN- ATIONS DI TURSS BJR POR 2000 POR PEAC! AND VOL ASSIST INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT . 86 8 OPPOR INDUSTRIAL CENTERS INT'L (OICI) 16.800 16.800 8.433 1,300 2.835 3.025 --- --- TOTAL POR PROGRAM 15.300 16.800 8.433 1.300 485 2.335 --- 3,025 GRANTS 16.800 15,800 3,433 1.300 2,335 3.025 LOANS ODO --- PROGRAN GRANTS (NATCHING) el 20 750 SALVATION ARMY WORLD SVC OPPICE (SAWSO) --- --- --- --- 428 200 250 --- 01 INTL INST RURAL RECONSTRUCTION (IIRR) 1.650 1.650 ... --- ; ... --- 600 --- 300DWILL INDUSTRIES (GIA) 83 86 360 300 15 75 --- --- --- G 06 300DAILL INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA 375 375 250 49 150 6 96 93 SAVE THE CNILOR EN PEDERATION/COP 5.500 5.300 --- SOO : TECNNOSERVE, INCL (INS) 06 96 3.000 3.000 --- --- --- --- --- SOO ... TOTAL POR PROGRAM 11.275 10.525 360 300 265 115 620 350 1.950 GRANTS 11.275 10.325 360 300 263 115 426 350 1.950 LOANS --- 222 GO-RALL FUNDED EDUCATION INITIAL PLAND BABALA . PENAL OOLT 19- AVIONS TONS OYULES $20 SO 100 300 06 925 #25 --- PROGRAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITL! 93B-0244 933-XX23 933-XX25 933-0239 938-0277 939-0279 935-0200 O. PAOOAR. PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 22XX-95 SZYY- PROGRAM GRANTS (COST-SHARING) 39 i OVERSEAS EDUCATION PUNO (OEP) 93.-X73 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES COOPERATING TOGET 935-0253 OVERSEAS EDUCATION FUND COEP) 31-0264 3 PRIVATI AGENCIES COLLAR TOGETNER (PACT) 630 3.3 340 J ? 76 25 100 315 1.566 SS .73 750 400 385 1.31. 27S 965 TOTAL POR PROGRA 3.366 2.360 873 1.314 275 CS2 .00 ser 965 GRANTS 3.366 2.360 LOANS 3.775 703 2.60C 3.623 2.066 1,993 TOTAL FOR BUREAU 31.439 29.685 2.600 3.775 703 3,823 2.066 1.993 --- GRANTS 31.639 29.695 --- LOANS 3.775 2.60 703 3.823 2.064 1.93 9.738 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 31.439 29.605 3,775 2.500 703 1.993 2.064 3.323 --- 39 SRANTS LOANS 223 hecho GC -- 1441 SUMMARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) • EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES PAGE 02/03/87 CP 88-02 L FY OP FY OF 1 INITIAL FINAL 6 OBLIG OBLIG -TMROUGM FY&S- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FY87- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROPOSED FY88- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 975 250 100 500 --- 3 38 --- --- 90 825 825 --- --- 259 --- 36 6 30 385 340 383 --- --- 3 95 37 1.564 1.535 315 --- ... --- 974 --- --- 499 25 300 945 335 1.314 873 275 400 750 945 JBS 1.314 873 275 400 753 --- . 1.993 2.066 3,823 703 3.775 2.500 --- 1.993 2.064 3,323 703 3,775 2.600 1.993 2.064 3.323 703 3.775 2.603 --- 1993 2.064 3,323 703 3.775 2.500 O. --- --- --- 223 decom - Al prin the solure with an initial obligation du bolone December 31, 1900 bed to this cute helton Dec, 1000 the FY of finelton plodore PROGRAN: CENTRALLY FUNDED PROJECT NO. AND TITLE LOP PLANNED AUTMD PROGRAN GRANTS (COST-SHARING) 933-XX22 3 87 OVERSEAS EDUCATION FUND (OEF) 933-XX73 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES COOPERATING TOGET 933-0253 3 OVERSEAS EDUCATION FUND (OEF) 933-0264 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAS TOGETHER (PACT) TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 3.364 2.360 GRANTS 3,364 2.360 LOANS TOTAL FOR BUREAU 31,439 29.685 9.738 GRANTS 31,439 29.695 0.738 LOANS TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 31.439 29.685 9,738 GRANTS 31.439 29,685 9.738 LOANS to the project Godotton 1442 1443 أم SUMMARY OF ACTIVE ANO PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) PAGS 15 02/03/87 PROGRAM: CENTRALLY FUNDED • SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CP 88-02 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE PY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG LOP PLANNSD AUTHO -THROUGN FYS3- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 91780 -91780 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91160 - ESTIMATED F187- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES - 91100 - PROPOSED FY88- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES SVR POR FOOD POR PEACE AND VOL ASSIST INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OS 20-656 3.368 1.132 SPECIAL ACTIVITIES 651 702 637 700 900 --- TOTAL FOR PROGRAN 1,368 1.152 651 702 637 700 OC6 GRANTS 3.368 1.152 899 451 702 637 700 006 LOANS --- DOO -0. PROGRAN GRANTS (MATCHINS) 931-IX62 #DSTER PARENTS PLAN (PLAN) 68 28 3.000 ... 750 300 --- 750 --- --- --- --- 933-XX85 5 HORLD WILOLIPE FUND (WWF) 33 93 1.005 1.005 --- --- 335 ... --- --- .. ... 2.200 2.300 2. 200 1.350 --- 695 310 ... 933-0177 G 33 35 YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (IMCA) 933-0211 6 93 ACCION INTERNATIONAL (AITEC) 56 650 557 93 --- .. --- ... .. --- --- ... --- ... $ 83 95 1 350 253 26 933-0241 CENTER EDUC DEV POP ACTIVITIES (CEOPA) 938-0249 SALVATION ARNT WORLD SRYC OMICE (SAWSO) 939-0259 INSTITUTE FOR INTL DEV INC 96 1.350 1.350 750 009 --- --- --- . 35 07 DOS --- --- --- 500 400 300 --- --- --- 1 .. --- . SG 68 939-0267 COOP FOR ARER RELI! EVERYWMERE (CARE) 10.641 2.641 2. 209 215 321 275 OOS 200 935-0266 ORLD VILDLIFE PUND (MP) 3 85 37 2.005 1.005 335 --- JJS 365 335 CCT --- wide 224 . CP ..-02 -OSTINATIO PV7- DILIG- ATIONS OTTURES OSLIS- TIONS DI TURIS 3 36 .25 Or 52 OSO .25 . 1.175 2.125 5.300 5.500 90 Co 1.594 600 cos 86 06 3.000 3.000 570 31-0200 TICNNOSENE, INCL (TNS) --- 600 104 86 009 200 30 201 .36-0203 ACCION YUTERNATIONAL (AITEC) 1 30 200 600 TOT AL POR PROGRAM 2.621 ..139 2.665 2.710 2.794 31.676 20.026 GRANTS 2.621 2 2.665 2.710 2.714 31.676 20.026 LOANS --- -- PRIGRAN GRANTS «COSI - 514'ING) 100 --- OS 3 07 EPISCOPAL CHURCN USA (ECUSA) --- --- --- --- --- ... --- --- --- ... --- --- ..- 165 99 1615 1.615 --- .. --- --- 25 749 195 213 35 SURARO MODS OP DOLLARS 4-6 peo..... REJECT. CINTIALLY PUNDED SILECTO DEVELOPRINT ACTIVITIES PROJECT NO. PY OP POP LOP -TNROUGN PVI- -ACTUAL PV.. NO TITLE INITIAL PINAL PLANNID DILIG. EREN- OOLIO AUTNO ATTONS OITURES ATIONS OITURES .1 1.o -91 100 -.4. aaso.o. - 31-027 TACA OP TNE USA .-0279 SAVE THE CNIL OR EN PEDERATION/COP .33•1167 39•*X73 PARTICIPATING AGENCIES cats COOPERATING TOGET 2120-686 6 93 TOWN APRILIATION ASSOCIATION (TAA) --- --- --- 7.127 --- 8.768 1.216 --- 6 92 US 5820-16 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAI TOGETHER (PACT) 185 --- s25 1 SS 175 100 --- 175 07 oos oos 520-986 triston CHURCH OF Two úsa --- --- --- (ECUSA) --- --- 230 63 1 80 . Art 255 1443 SUN VARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) 02/03787 CP 08-02 CENTRALLY PUNDED - SELECTED DEVELOPNENT ACTIVITIES MOGRANI 1 PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE L POP POP I INITIAL PINAL 6 OBLIG OSL16 LOP PLANNED AUTNO -THROUGN POS- DOLIG- EXPEN- ITIONS OITURES -91 100 -ACTUAL PY86- EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -ESTINATED PY:7- SOLIG EIPEN- ATIONS DITURES -PROPOSED 'YO:- OBLI3- EXEN ATIONS OITURES 80 625 625 CS6 625 200 1220-180 TNCA OP TNE USA 1.875 2.125 S. S00 S. 300 600 SOO --- Co 8 6220-886 8 SAVE THE CHILOR EN FEDERATION/COP --- 570 126 GC9 104 06 3.000 3.000 --- --- --- --- 200 200 201 30 150 009 009 2.716 2.710 2.621 4.139 2.669 2.710 --- ... --- --- --- .-- --- LOANS ce PROGRAR GRANTS (COST-34ARING) --- 100 --- --- --- 430 ... --- --- ... JI•1167 EPISCOPAL CNURCN USA (ECUSA) --- .. --- --- 165 --- ... 1.613 1.615 .. --- --- 213 361 769 25 35 --- --- --- --- --- 7,127 1,216 52 8.768 35 S820-186 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAB TOGETHER (PACT) --- --- 175 100 185 175 SSI 005 325 37 500 --- --- --- --- 180 63 OSZ 3 31-0280 TECNUOSEVE, INCL (TNS) 31-0213 ACCION INTERNATIONAL (AITEC) 2.621 4.139 2.663 TOT AL POR PROGRAS 31.676 20.026 2.714 GRANTS 31.676 20.026 3 93 93 131•1173 PARTICIPATINS AGENCIES COOPERATING TOGET 31-0212 TONN APPILIATION ASSOCIATION (TAS) 935-0234 3 EPISCOPAL CHURCN OP TNE USA (ECUSA) 033-0255 SUND NOR MULT NATL NGT TOUCATION (INAL) 223 PM 1445 SUMMARY 5F ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) AGE 1? 26/10/20 CENTRALLY FUNDED - SELECTID DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CP 99-02 • LEY OF PY OF 1 INITIAL PINAL GOBLIG LOP PLANNID AUTH -THROUGM FY35 - DOLIG- EXPEN- 4TIONS DITUR! S 91760 -ACTUAL FYOD OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS OITURES -ESTIMATED FY97- OSL:9 ITIONS JITURES -PRODO SED FYS3- O!LI - XORN- ATIONS DITURES 36 200 190 100 31 --- NATL ASSIC PARTNERS OF ALLIANCE (NAPA) 933-0263 G COORDINATION IN DEVELOPMENT (CODEL) 35 97 1,950 350 300 353 900 () מנ2 5 --- 3 95 37 1.331 930 915 --- 110 915 ... 19 --- --- .: --- --- 25 --- --- --- --- --- 95 3.556 1.800 690 100 OSS SY ככל CC 530 ... SALESIAN SOCIETY. INC. 3 Po OS OS ... --- 150 --- 150 --- 150 --- 1444 815 8.313 3.555 1.025 C2 815 --- --- 6 32 126.358 117,409 --- ... 3 OCEAN PREIGNT RIINSURSEMENT 93 C "...! 22.0! 5.750 COS 2.000 2.500 TOTAL POR PROGRAM 43.689 149.947 117,505 5.750 COS 8.000 2.500 GRANTS 40.689 143.947 117.408 3.750 OCS 8.00 2.50 LOANS 226 CdM - - SOLECTED DEVELOPMENT - DF INITI PINA BO NO ACTIVITIE. -THROUGH YO- - ATIONS DE TURES GON TUOL - .-O BG> -NON-O1100 -OSTISA.. DOLEO- ONS SNOIA -... SSNATC - aa. ATTONS OTUSES PORSAAN POLICY AND EVALUATION 31-0100 PVA PROGRAR DEVELOPMENT AND VALUATION כ 1.S. 046 oos 00 DOS TOT AL POR PROGRAM 1.SI 1.16 570 OOS 500 COS 570 COS 630 SO . --- 170,335 130.15 12.267 7,492 5.372 14.41 1.42 TOTAL POR BUREAU 85.27 26.221 7.492 7.429 5.372 PR ORAN: PROJECT NO. AND TITLE 939-0250 933-0264 PRIVATE AGENCIES COLLAB TOGETHER (PACT) 935-0271 3 NATL COUNCIL FOR INTL HEALTH (NC IN) 933-0272 i 95 VOLUNTEERS IN TECH ASSISTANCE (VITA) 938-0281 TOTAL POR PROGRA 12.157 8.313 0.15 1.441 2.555 1.025 ܘܐܕ GRANTS 9.566 6.105 12.157 LOANS OCEAN PREIGHT 932-0100 OCEAN PREIGNT 33-02 38 PM SONAL . -ON 1 burcu 200 titii PUNOD 1.3.3 1.169 GRANTS LOANS 170,335 12.267 130.139 GRANTS & S. 279 .221 --- --- LOANS 5.372 12.267 7.692 14.61 170.335 7.42 1 30.15 TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 6225 26. 221 7.42 14.610 130, 159 7.492 5,372 12.267 170.335 GRANTS .S.279 26.221 LOANS 227 号 ​SUNSARY OF ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PAGE 18 02/03/87 CENTRALLY FUNDUS - SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES CP 99-02 LPY OF FT OF LOP I INITIAL FINAL PLANNED G OBLIG OBLIG AUTMD -MROUGN FY85- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL FY86- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -91160 ESTIMATED FY37- EXPEN- ATIONS VITURES -91780 PROPOSVO FY88- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES 0010-086 9 PRIORAN POLICY AND EVALUATION 32 C MA PROGRAX DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION SSS 1.169 486 570 005 600 500 --- TOT AL POR PROGRAM 1.535 1.169 486 OLS 500 600 COS GRANTS 1.335 1.169 436 570 COS OC9 LOANS 500 D. 20. TOTAL FOR BUREAU 85.279 26,221 170,335 130,159 12.267 7,492 5,372 16,419 1,42 --- GRANTS 85.279 26.221 170,333 130, 139 12.267 7,492 5,372 16,619 LOANS 7.429 1445 14.619 7,42 ? --- --- 'n den AS 227 -A tumacia PRINCT NO. AND TITLE --- TOTAL FOR ACCOUNT 85.279 26.225 170.335 130 159 12,267 7,492 5.372 14,619 7.42 GRANTS 33,279 26.221 170.335 130. 159 12.267 7.492 5,372 LOANS ilion de todo 01.0th You 31,0 1446 1447 Centrally funded Bureau for Food for Peace and Voluntary Assistance Q Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition-Office of Food for Peace 938-0700 Food for Peace Program Management To provide the technical expertise and ancillary services needed to improve the planning and implementation of ongoing programs. 938-0701 Title II Program Enhancement - To improve the development Impact of Title II resources by strengthening the capability of PVOs to design and implement essential complementary components of supplementary feeding programs. 938-0702 Food Data Needs Assessment To improve collection of food sector data In drought-prone African countries in order to make more accurate and timely estimates of food aid needs. - 938-0704 Title II Outreach To provide logistic support so that private voluntary organizations may continue, expand and re-target Title II programs to reach people most in need. 938-0706 Linking Dairy Products with Developments - To provide funds for development projects, worldwide, of private entities and cooperatives utilizing surplus dairy products from CCC inventories. Agriculture, Rural Development and Nutrition Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation 938-xxx1 World Relief corporation (WRC) To support WRC's program of local Institution building with emphasis on incoming generating projects. WRC's affiliates are active in community development and agriculture. Their program includes local staff training in project development and management. 938-0279 Save the Children Federation (SCF) - To improve the effectiveness of SCF's community development programming, in three areas of basic need: food production and income generation and community infrastructurre and services. The program includes local SCÉ staff development, project funding, and planning and evaluation assistance in 219 countries. 938-xx 26 Winrock International (WI) To create an on-farm seed production capability In selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa through cooperation among U.S. universities, U.S. PVOs and the Peace Corps. 938-xx30 Lutheran World Relief (LWR) - To stimulate individual communities to undertake their own development by participating in projects to meet basic human needs and support a network of local organizations committed to and capable of continuing development assistance. 938-xx63 Jolnt PVo/University Rural Development Center (JPURDC) • fo bring together the complementary resources of universities and PVOs to effect successful rural development using water harvesting and aquaculture as the core intervention for village and area development. 938-xx64 World Vision Relief Organization (WVRO) • To establish in od-going Institutional capability within WVRO' Africa field progtan, nanagement structure to plan, implement and manage effective water supply and sanitation development programs. 938-0230 Heifer Project Innternational (HPI) - To support agricultural/livestock development projects Including the local purchase of livestock, physical facilities, equipment and supplies kad the promotion of personnel and Information exchange. 938-0260 International Voluntary Service (IVS) To provide sanagement and skills training to host organizations. This Lacludes home textile production, small-scale irrigation, health worker training, agricultural extension and resettlement programs to isprove their capability to deliver services to the rural poor. 938-0263 Coordination in Development (CODEL) To promote collaborative efforts In overseas development and support of congunity level projects carried out by local and intermediary institutions. 938-0264 Private Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT) - To fund development projects of the 250.5., "Latin American, and African private agency members and to improve the capabilities of zenber agencies and selected non-member agencies to respond to the teeds of cooperating Indigenous agencies In LDCs. Aga Khan Foundation USA (AKF). than Rural Support Program which will assist village people to To implement the Aga develop and implement self-help, Income-generating projects. Africare - To support development of small scale agribusinesses which produce, process and/or darket vegetables, frult staple grains, poultry' and livestock, and support rural enterprises such as grinding mills and manufacturing of farm 938-0265 938-0266 implements. 938-0267 8 Cooperative for American Rellef Everywhere (CARE) To support CARE" & multisectoral program and development strategies in ogroforestry, microenterprise development, primary health care, end food atd. This grant will fund projects in A.1.D.-a8818ted countries lo these sectors and establish regional technical assistance capability, 228 229 1447 - 938-xx63 Joint PVO/University Rural Development Center (JPURDC) · To bring together the complementary resources of universities and PVOs to effect successful rural development using water harvesting and aquaculture as the core intervention for village and area development. 938-xx64 World Vision Relief Organization (WVRO) To establish an on-going Institutional capability within WVRO' & Africa field program, management structure to plan, implement and manage effective water supply and sanitation development programs. 938-0230 Heifer Project Innternational (HPI) To support agricultural|I[vestock development projects including the local purchase of livestock, physical facilities, equipment and supplies and the promotion of personnel and information exchange. 938-0260 International Voluntary Service (IVS) To provide management and SKIIT8 training to host organizations. This includes home textile production, small-scale irrigation, health worker training, agricultural extension and resettlement programs to improve their capability to deliver services to the rural poor. 938-0263 Coordination in Development (CODEL) - To promote collaborative efforts In overseas development and support of community level projects carried out by local and Intermediary institutions. . 938-0264 Private Agencies Collaborating Together (PACT) Το fund development projects of the 25 U.S. , Latin American, and African private agency members and to improve the capabilities of member agencies and selected non-member agencies to respond to the needs of cooperating indigenous agencies in LDCs. 938-0265 Aga Khan Foundation USA (AKF) To implement the Aga Khan Rural Support Program which will assist village people to develop and implement self-help, income-generating projects. 938-0266 Africare - To support development of small scale agribusinesses which produce, process and/or market vegetables, fruit staple grains, poultry and livestock, and support rural enterprises such as grinding mills and manufacturing of farm implements. To 938-0267 Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere (CARE) support CARE 8 multisectoral program and development strategies in agroforestry, microenterprise development, primary health care, and food aid. This grant will fund projects in A.1.D.-assisted countries in these sectors and establish regional technical 888istance capability. 1 229 1448 1449 Child Survival - Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation 938-0500 Child Survival Fund - To provide the resources through PVDs to address the special health needs of children and mothers by fostering the use of ORT, providing immunizations and promoting aproved weaning practices, growth monitoring and birth-spacing that greatly enhance child survival prospects in poor countries. Education and Human Resources - Office of Private Voluntary kooperation 938-2222 Overseas Education Fund (OEF) - To support OEF's applled research on strategies to enhance earning of women through self-employment and job skills training. 938-xx 25 International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) To support TIRR's program of field operational research, laternational training and extension. 'National rural reconstruction movements (NRRMS) affillated with the training ceater and "social laboratory" in the Philippines have been established in six countries in Latin and Central America, Asia & Africa. Health Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation 938-0282 Project Concern International (PCI). • To continue and expand support of Tow-cost, community-based health services systems through training of community health workers and to assist local organizations to design and initiate health care programs. 938-xx23 Salvation Army World Service Office (SAWSO) (a) To strengthen the strategies management capabilities of the Salvation Army's organizations In 16 countries, assisting local leaders to utilize scarce program and human resources to achieve maximum development impact. 938-0276 African Medical & Research Foundation (AMREF) - To improve the health of rural people In four African countries lacking access to basic health services. The outreach of existing mobile health units will be expanded through correspondent courses, workshops and publications targeted on local, district and regional health teams, 938-xx66 People-To-People Health Foundation, Project HOPE - To strengthen the health Infrastructure which supports and complements child survival and primary health care activities. 938-0269 Helen Keller International (HKI) - To Integrate eye care and basic rehabilitation services into the rural health and social service systems of selected countries through the provision of technical assistance, training and equipment, 938-0270 International Eye Foundation (IEF) - To conduct : research into the prevalence, etiology and geographic distribution of eye disease; carry out training in preventative and curative eye care; and conduct operational research into the development of community-based programs in the prevention of blinding eye disease. 938-0271 National Council for International Health (NCIH) Το provide support to NCIH 8 program that wiIT Increase and enhance che technical and managerial capabilities of u.s. private sector. agencies and health professionals engaged in International health development activities. 938-0273 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) - To improve the well being of mothers and children through the provision of a wide range of technical and material resources in such areas as community development, agriculture, environmental health/sanitation, maternal/child health, nutrition, low-cost housing, literacy and income generation. 038-0244 Opportunities for Industrialization Centers laternational (OICT) - To establish and strengthen Tocal OIC Institutions in seven countries in sub-Sahara Africa and improve vocational, agricultural and business skills training programs undertaken by these affiliates. 938-0280 Technoserve, Inc. (TNS) - To provide technical, nenagerial and financial assistance to individuals and groups to establish and strengthen community-based agricultural enterprises, 938-0283 Accion International (AITEC) - To develop the capabilities of local organizations in Latin American countries to plan and execute employment, income generating and management programs for micro-business enterprises in urban and rural settings. . . 938-0278 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) To support the U.S. YMCA's International development program of assistance to LDC YMCA's to strengthen local institutional capacity and support community projects, primarily in education and vocational training 938-xx62 Foster Parents Plan (PLAN) - To support small-scale, income generating projects in selected LDCs in order to increase the Incomes of local populations and enable them to become lacreasingly self-sufficient in meeting their own needs. Episcopal Church USA To build and strengther catlonal development Planning offices of the Episcopal Church in five countries by providing training, staff support and funding for development projects. 938-2267 (ECUSA) . 230 1 231 1449 Child Survival Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation 938-0500 Child Survival Fund To provide the resources through PVOs to address the special health needs of children and mothers by fostering the use of ORT, providing immunizations and promoting improved weaning practices, growth monitoring and birth-spacing that greatly enhance child survival prospects in poor countries. Education and Human Resources Office of Private Voluntary Cooperation 938-xx 22 Overseas Education Fund (OEF) To support OEF's applied research on strategies to enhance earning of women through self-employment and job skills training. 938-xx 25 International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR) - To support TIRR 8 program of field operational research, International training and extension. “National rural reconstruction movements (NRRM8) affiliated with the training center and "social laboratory" in the Philippines have been established in six countries in Latin and Central America, Asia & Africa. 938-0244 Opportunities for Industrialization Centers International (OICI) - To establish and strengthen Tocal OIC Institutions In seven countries in sub-Sahara Africa and improve vocational, agricultural and business skills training programs undertaken by these affiliates. 938-0280 Technoserve, Inc. (TNS) To provide technical, managerial and FInancial assistance to individuals and groups to establish and strengthen community-based agricultural enterprises. 938-0283 Accion International (AITEC) To develop the capabilities of local organizations in Latin American countries to plan and execute employment, income generating and management programs for micro-business enterprises in urban and rural settings. 938-0278 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) To support the U.S. YMCA International development program of assistance to LDC YMCA's to strengthen local institutional capacity and support community projects, primarily in education and vocational training. 938-xx62 Foster Parents Plan (PLAN) - To support small-scale, income generating projects in selected LDCs in order to increase the incomes of local populations and enable them to become increasingly self-sufficient in meeting their own needs. 938-xx67 Episcopal Church USA (ECUSA) To build and strengthen national development plannIng offices of the Episcopal Church in five countries by providing training, staff support and funding for development projects. ro 231 1450 1451 938-0238 Ocean Freight - To enable registered PVOs and the American Red Cross to ship donated or purchased supplies for humanitarian and development programs overseas. Nowaul a Zuinness mod. Rosponsible Officer: HOWARD A. MINNERS Science Advisor Science and Technology Science Advisor 232 1451 Science and Technology Science Advisor S Responsible Otticer: Howard C. Tuinners, hd. HOWARD A. MINNERS Science Advisor 233 1714 Lilly - 1452 1453 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) POLICIES FY 1986 Actual FY 1987 Estimated FY 1988 Request 10.3 9.662 9.662 1 kelevant research contributes to accelerated economic growth. Accelerated social and economic growth in LCS is a central theme upon which A.I.D.'s specific policies rest. To develop and transfer technology for long term sustainable growth in LDCs, the PSÍC program specifically pursues inovative ideas for application in selected LDCs. Concurrently, the PSIC program strives to strengthen competence among researchers in developing countries. 1 Requested under Section 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act for the Energy, Private Voluntary Organizations and Selected Development Activities account. SCIENCE ADVISOR OVERVIEW Over the past five years, policy has been to focus on particularly promising research in target countries. Hence approximately 60% of PSTC funds are used for a competitive Research Grants program in biotechnology-immunology: plant biotechnology: chemistry for world food needs; biomass resources and conversion technology: biological control of disease-bearing organisms and a new area, biological diversity. The remaining 40% of the funds are used for the LDC Research Networking program with the National Academy of Sciences to identify underexploited resources of potential econceic value such as grain amaranth; biological nitrogen fixation; fast growing trees; mosquito vector field studies; rapid epidemiologic assessment methods; and acute respiratory infections in children. The two programs have been designed to avoid overlap, and are coordinated to assure requests for funding are reviewed by the appropriate staff. The Office of the Science Advisor seeks to take advantage of breakthroughs and advances on the cutting edge of science and to explore the potential uses of new and particularly innovative technologies that are related to international development. Concurrently, the Office seeks to strengthen the capacity of less developed countries (LDCs) to apply these new technologies. The program emphasizes innovation, e.g., biotechnology, genetic engineering, tissue culture, immunochemistry, biological control of disease-carrying organisms, the development of new food and tree crops, etc. This modest program is an important instrument of A.I.D.'s policy to collaborate with LDC scientists in establishing priorities for future programs of technology transfer. The program began in FY 1981 as the Program for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (PSTC). The purpose was to take a more innovative and collaborative approach and to seek alternative solutions to the problems and processes of development and technology transfer. The funds provided are in addition to those made available for regular research and technical assistance under other A.I.D. functional accounts. In keeping with its exploratory role, this program supports the initial research phase of chosen topics, typically of three years duration. Progra activities are concerned primarily with the so-called hard sciences, e.g., biology, chemistry and engineering. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM The program has grown quickly and currently involves scientists from over 60 developing countries. While their scientific approaches may be new, the problems they are researching are often long-standing and intractable, e.g., control of disease-carrying mosquitoes, plant resistance to disease, control of respiratory diseases, low cost enrichment of soils, recycling of wastes, development of new vaccines and diagnostic tests, elimination of disease-carrying snails, and alternatives to petroleum-based fertilizers. over 3500 requests for funding have been submitted to PSTC to date; the majority are from LDC scientists who are participating for the first time in an A.1.D. research program. The growing LDC interest in the program, in the face of rigorous scientific review criteria, demonstrates an increasing readiness of LDC institutions to contribute to their own development. 1. Carpetitive Research Grants A.1.D. requests $5,662 million for this competitive research grants program in FY 1988. In FY 1987 A.I.D. plans to obligate $5.662 million for the approximately 35 proposals to be selected from over 500 submitted for sepetitive consideration. In PY 1986, A.I.D. obligated $6,3 million, of this amount, $6.0 million funded 46 proposals under the Innovative Scientific Research Project (936-5542) and $0.3 million funded technical assistance activities under the strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity Project (936–5543). Proposals are selected in accordance with guidelines which emphasize three Objectives: To stimulate and support new research approaches to current of emerging development problems; To assist LDCs in building the scientific and technological capacity they need to attack such problems on their own; and To involve LDC scientists and scientific institutions more directly in science planning, information exchange and technology transfer. AID 370-3 (0-83) 234 235 1453 POLICIES Relevant research contributes to accelerated economic growth. Accelerated social and economic growth in LDCs is a central theme upon which A.I.D.'s specific policies rest. To develop and transfer technology for long term sustainable growth in LDC8, the PSTC program specifically pursues innovative ideas for application in selected LDCs. Concurrently, the PSTC program strives to strengthen competence among researchers in developing countries. over the past five years, policy has been to focus on particularly promising research in target countries. Hence approximately 60% of PSTC funds are used for a competitive Research Grants program in biotechnology-immunology; plant biotechnology: chemistry for world food needs; biomass resources and conversion technology: biological control of disease-bearing organisms and a new area, biological diversity. The remaining 40% of the funds are used for the LDC Research Networking program with the National Academy of Sciences to identify underexploited resources of potential economic value such as grain amaranth; biological nitrogen fixation; fast growing trees; mosquito vector field studies; rapid epidemiologic assessment methods; and acute respiratory infections in children. The two programs have been designed to avoid over lap, and are coordinated to assure requests for funding are reviewed by the appropriate staff. In keeping with its exploratory role, this program supports the initial research phase of chosen topics, typically of three years duration. Program activities are concerned primarily with the so-called hard sciences, e.g., biology, chemistry and engineering. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM I. Competitive Research Grants A.1.D. requests $5.662 million for this competitive research grants program in PY 1988. In FY 1987 A.1.D. plans to obligate $5.662 million for the approximately 35 proposals to be selected from over 500 submitted for competitive consideration. In PY 1986, A.I.D. obligated $6.3 million, of this amount, $6.0 million funded 46 proposals under the Innovative scientific Research Project (936–5542) and $0.3 million funded technical assistance activities under the Strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity Project (936-5543). Proposals are selected in accordance with guidelines which emphasize three objectives: To stimulate and support new research approaches to current or emerging development problems; To assist LDCs in building the scientific and technological capacity they need to attack such problems on their own; and To involve LDC scientists and scientific institutions more directly in science planning, information exchange and technology transfer. 235 1454 1455 Proposals are sought principally within the following six priority research modules: design may receive modest technical assistance from the Strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity Project to enhance their cumpetitiveness. 1. Biotechnology/Immunology, in human or animal systems, including recombinant microbiology (genetic engineering), monoclonal anti- bodies and related immunological techniques for better and more rapid diagnosis, immunotherapy, vaccine development, and related health applications. Response from the scientific comunity has been most enthusiastic and is increasing. In FY 1981 120 submissions were received; more than 600 were received for the FY 1986 competition. Altogether some 3500 submissions berpe been received through October 1986, with the majority now originating in Locs. Two-thirds of the proposals funded in FY 1986 were awarded directly to LDC institutions. An additional one third involves active LDC collaboration with U.S. scientists. Because this program supports the initial phase of research and much of the research is longer tern, results are not always imediate. Some of the projects, however, have begun to show results: Researchers in Peru have developed methods to increase the earthquake resistance of adobe constructions by 300 percent and have evaluated a variety of Peruvian soils to develop simple field tests to rate their suitability for adobe masonry. The findings have been disseminated to local builders and further research is being conducted. 2. Plant Biotechnology, including tissue culture research, protoplast fusion, somaclonal variation, and recombinant microbiology for use in agriculture, e.g., gene expression, transfer and regulation; drought tolerance; insecticide and herbicide resistance, etc. 3. Chemistry for World Food Needs, particularly biochemical growth regulation in plants and animals, soil chemistry, soil-plant- animal relationships (biochemistry), innovative food chemistry, and the chemistry of integrated aquaculture systems. 4. Biomass Resources and conversion Technology, emphasizing new and Improved processes for producing fuels, fodder and chemicals from biomass, especially better digestion and use of lignocellulose, improved thermochemical cleaning and storage of producer gas, and development of under-utilized land or marine biomass resources. 5. Biological control of human schistosomes and associated snail vectors, and plant crop viruses and their arthropod vectors. Emphasis is given to biologically and ecologically acceptable approaches for the interruption of disease transmission based on innovative studies of microorganism-host-vector relationships encompassing genetics, biochemistry, immunology, pathophysiology, reproductive biology ( juvenile hormones, pheromones), natural predation, ecology and pathobiology of the pathogens themselves. 6. Biological Diversity is a new research module initiated in PY 1986 whose substantive focus was derived from the results of the Congressionally mandated study of biological diversity and previous PSTC and NAS experience in genetic resources research. In addition to the foregoing, there will be some flexibility to consider a very small number of proposals in engineering technology, and in earth, atmospheric and marine sciences. Proposals funded in these additional areas may form the basis for establishing future research modules. The proposals undergo internal and external scientific peer review and are specifically evaluated for scientific merit, relevance to development, innovative character, and LDC capacity-building aspects. Research pro posals from LDC institutions which have good potential but inadequate Honduran researchers have developed a nearly perfect building material that is cheap, millable, nailable, fireproof, termite-proof, rotproof, and water and earthquake-tolerant. They have developed structural panels from a special mixture of Portland cement and wood particles, a plentiful by-product of Honduras' forest industry (where 60–70 percent of whole harvested trees currently goes to waste). Several common species of Honduran pine have been found to give excellent results without any pre-treatment. The Honduran government and private industry have expressed interest in the process. This research has also produced a spinoff of importance to the U.S.--America's lodgepole pine has been identified as another promising species. U.S. and Jamaican researchers have developed successful underwater techniques for restoring environmentally damaged nearshore areas, while at the same time preserving one of the Caribbean's most valuable resources -- the seagrasses. Seagrasses are the dominant marine and estuarine submerged plants and are a major source of food and erosion control This research project has aided Jamaica to improve near shore fishing, coastal erosion control and employment opportunities. It serves as a model for other countries in the preservation of their Coastal wetlands. As a follow-on to this research effort: the National Resources Conservation Department of Jamaica (NRCD) is currently working on a five year underwater rehabilitation program; the Jamaican goverment is considering implementing a national policy for the rehabilitation, preservation and maintenance of coastal wetlands; the UNE AD picked up the technology, tested it in the Philippines, and has begun to transfer the entire technology to Southeast Asian countries at the request of heads of states in that area. Florida has been bringing 236 237 1455 design may receive modest technical assistance from the Strengthening Scientific and Technological Capacity Project to enhance their competitiveness. Response from the scientific community has been most enthusiastic and is increasing. In FY 1981 120 submissions were received; more than 600 were received for the FY 1986 competition. Altogether some 3500 submissions have been received through October 1986, with the majority now originating in LCs. Two-thirds of the proposals funded in FY 1986 were awarded directly to LDC institutions. An additional one third involves active LDC collaboration with U.S. scientists. Because this program supports the initial phase of research and much of the research is longer term, results are not always immediate. Some of the projects, however, have begun to show results: Researchers in Peru have developed methods to increase the earthquake resistance of adobe constructions by 300 percent and have evaluated a variety of Peruvian soils to develop simple field tests to rate their suitability for adobe masonry. The findings have been disseminated to local builders and further research is being conducted. Honduran researchers have developed a nearly perfect building material that is cheap, millable, nailable, fireproof, termite-proof, rotproof, and water and earthquake-tolerant. They have developed structural panels from a special mixture of Portland cement and wood particles, a plentiful by-product of Honduras' forest industry (where 60-70 percent of whole harvested trees currently goes to waste). Several conmon species of Honduran pine have been found to give excellent results without any pre-treatment. The Honduran government and private industry have expressed interest in the process. This research has also produced a spinoff of importance to the U.S.--America's lodgepole pine has been identified as another promising species. U.S. and Jamaican researchers have developed successful underwater techniques for restoring environmentally damaged nearshore areas, while at the same time preserving one of the Caribbean's most valuable resources the seagrasses. Seagrasses are the dominant marine and estuarine submerged plants and are a major source of food and erosion control This research project has aided Jamaica to improve nearshore fishing, coastal erosion control and employment opportunities. It serves as a model for other countries in the preservation of their coastal wetlands. As a follow-on to this research effort: the National Resources Conservation Department of Jamaica (NRCD) is currently working on a five year underwater rehabilitation program; the Jamaican goverment is considering implementing a national policy for the rehabilitation, preservation and maintenance of coastal wetlands; the UNFAO picked up the technology, tested it in the Philippines, and has begun to transfer the entire technology to Southeast Asian countries at the request of heads of states in that area. Florida has been bringing 237 1456 1457 5. the technology home as it has launched its own comprehensive coastal wetlands recovery plan based on the project's successes in Jamaica and the Philippines. Additionally, Plorida will be one of the first states to participate in the implementation of HR 5163, the coastal Wetland Recovery Act. The network an Rapid Epidemiological Assessment will develop lo-cost, easily implemented, approaches to the identification of public health problems in developing countries. Ten institu- tions in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Peru, and the Philippines, are working in this area. II. LDC Research Networking In FY 1988, A.1.D. requests $4.0 million for the Applying Science and Technology to Development project (936–5538) administered by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). Four million dollars was budgeted for FY 1987. In FY 1986, $4.3 million was obligated for this project. The sixth network - Acute Respiratory Infection in Children has thirteen subgrants with activities in such countries as Guatemala, Papua New Guinea, Uruguay, Kenya, Nigeria and the Philippines, Bangladesh, Colombia, Chile, India, Pakistan, and Thailand. while respiratory disease is a major killer of children in developing countries, public health authorities lack information on which specific disease-causing organisms are incriminated as the major killers. This network is be giming to provide the basic data to allow more effective control measures to be taken. The NAS solicits proposals from LDC institutions which are judged to have the competence, interest and local conditions for best contributing to the objectives of the research networks. Proposals are subject to peer review and funding decisions are made by a committee of scientists. About one-third of the proposals submitted have been funded. The NAS provides a range of support services to the principal investigator: help in project design; workshops where principal investigators share information; and, when required, short-term training in innovative research technologies. For FY 1988 the NAS program will fund the following six networks of LDC research: 1. Grain Amaranth, which was widely grown in pre-Columbian America, has high nutritional potential and grows well in semi-arid climates where many other food crops are unproductive. Ten grants have been approved to institutions in Guatemala, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, and Thailand to increase the productivity of this plant through germ plasm selection and specific field trials. The network on fast-growing Trees deals with leguminous and other fast-growing tropical species. These are important both for reforestation and for agro-forestry. Fourteen grants have been approved in Chile, the People's Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mexico, Panama, the Philippines, Senegal, Sudan, and Thailand. Results from the Biological Nitrogen Pixation program illustrate its potential long-term impact. Nitrogen is a key plant nutrient, and upported, petroleum based nitrogen fertlizer is a major cost to poor farmers and to developing countries. Some soil microorganisms can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and can make that nitrogen available to plants. The biological nitrogen fixation research described below is making major progress in the attempt to substitute microbial processes for the purchase of expensive nitrogen fertilizers. In kenya, researchers isolated nitrogen fixing Rhizobia (bacteria) active at higher terperatures than previously reported. This offers the promise of increasing success in replacing commercial nitrogen fertilizer in legume production in hot tropical soils. Having demonstrated that the legue variety inluences the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, researchers in Kenya and Brazil are beginning to breed new and better legume varieties. Mexican molecular biologists funded by the NAS have transferred the genes controling nitrogen-fixing capability between species of bacteria; they are continuing the research in the attempt to improve the soil bacteria associated with the common bean, 2. 3. The network on Biological Nitrogen Pixation is searching for ways to reduce or eliminate the need for petroleum-based nitrogen fertilizer for legumes and other crops. Thirteen grants are active to date in Egypt, Guatemala, Haiti, Indonesia, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, the Philippines, Senegal, and Thailand. The Mosquito Vector research network will study the ecology of mosquitoes which transmit malaria and viral diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, and develop new vector control mechan isms such as natural predators and pathogens of the vectors. Sixteen institutions in Columbia, Guatemala, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Uganda are participating in this network. A major research goal of the Biological Nitrogen Fixation program is identification and development of organisms that fix nitrogen for grass species (such as grains and sugar cane). NAS supported researchers have recently proven that under appropriate conditions biological nitrogen fixation is a major contributor to nutrition of Kaller grass (in Pakistan) and to a sugar cane variety (in Brazil). They are now specifying the strains of bacteria responsible, and beginning to quantify the fertilizer savings that might be expected. Kaller grass has the additional interesting property of thriving on highly saline soils where few other plants can survive, and therefore seems to offer great promise for land reclaration, 238 239 · 1457 5. The network an Rapid Epidemiological Assessment will develop low-cost, easily implemented, approaches to the identification of public health problems in developing countries. Ten institu- tions in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Peru, and the Philippines, are working in this area. 6. The sixth network - Acute Respiratory Infection in Children has thirteen subgrants with activities in such countries as Guatemala, Papua New Guinea, Uruguay, Kenya, Nigeria and the Philippines, Bangladesh, Colombia, Chile, India, Pakistan, and Thailand. While respiratory disease is a major killer of children in developing countries, public health authorities lack information on which specific disease-causing organisms are incriminated as the major killers, This network is be ginning to provide the basic data to allow more effective control measures to be taken. Results from the Biological Nitrogen Fixation program illustrate its potential long-term impact. Nitrogen is a key plant nutrient, and imported, petroleum based nitrogen fertlizer is a major cost to poor farmers and to developing countries. Some soil microorganisms can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and can make that nitrogen available to plants. The biological nitrogen fixation research described below is making major progress in the attempt to substitute microbial processes for the purchase of expensive nitrogen fertilizers. In Kenya, researchers isolated nitrogen fixing Rhizobia (bacteria) active at higher temperatures than previously reported. This offers the promise of increasing success in replacing commercial nitrogen fertilizer in legume production in hot tropical soils. Having demonstrated that the legume variety inluences the efficiency of nitrogen fixation, researchers in Kenya and Brazil are beginning to breed new and better legume varieties. Mexican molecular biologists funded by the NAS have transferred the genes controling nitrogen-fixing capability between species of bacteria; they are continuing the research in the attempt to improve the soil bacteria associated with the common bean. A major research goal of the Biological Nitrogen Fixation program is identification and development of organisms that fix nitrogen for grass species (such as grains and sugar cane). NAS supported researchers have recently proven that under appropriate conditions biological nitrogen fixation is a major contributor to nutrition of Kaller grass (in Pakistan) and to a sugar cane variety (in Brazil). They are now specifying the strains of bacteria responsible, and beginning to quantify the fertilizer savings that might be expected. Kaller grass has the additional interesting property of thriving on highly saline soils where few other plants can survive, and therefore seems to offer great promise for land reclamation. 1 239 . 1458 1459 FY 1986 PROGRAM SUMMARY (In millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1988 Request 4.8 In the Rapid Epidemiological Assessment program, a project in Peru has applied quality control methods to evaluate the effectiveness of health services and prevalence of malnutrition. The approach appears to provide quick, cheap and reliable data to improve the efficiency and effectivness of health services. The method is now described in a working manual and the researchers and the Peruvian Ministry of Health are institutionalizing its use. In Guatemala, researchers have developed a 'sentinal' warning system: school teachers are trained to measure pupils' height, and averaged results are used to predict the prevalence of malnutrition in the community. Similarly, a Brazilian group takes data from routine children's autopsies to assess the state of the community's vitamin A malnutrition. Both approaches provide new sources of community public health data to health planners with very low costs. 5.0 5.0 Y ! Appropriated for FY 1987 by separate Congressional action under P.L. 99591, the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution. U.S.- ISRAEL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH PROGRAM 02VIN TWO NAS grantees won major scientific awards in their own countries in 1986. Luis Sumar, who is working on breeding improved cultivars of grain amaranth, was awarded the Peruvian order of the Sun by President Garcia. In Thailand Dr. Sakol Panyim, who is working on DNA probes to distinguish among related species of malaria vector mosquitos, was named Scientist of the Year by the Thai Institute for the Promotion of Science, The Nas also carries out selected studies, workshops and other activities related to the development of LDC research programs, including a major dissemination effort of NAS findings. Examples include: 1) a workshop (September 30- October 4, 1986) on cutting edge applications of microcomputers, and 2) a publication on agricultural, health and energy applications of microcomputers in developing countries. The NAS has been encouraged during the life of this project to seek additional, complementary resources that would match those provided by AID. While the NAS itself, which is Congressionally chartered but without Congressional appropriation, has very limited resources, it has attracted contributions, mostly in kind. These are estimated by the NAS to exceed $22 million over the current life of project. In n 1985, A.I.D. was requested by the Congress to implement a new program to fund, through cooperative projects, the application of relevant Israeli technology to less developed country (LDC) problems. In response, A.I.D. initiated the U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research (CDR) Program (936–9544) as a separate initiative linking Israeli and developing country scientists in joint research projects. The program was announced in Hoverber 1984. over 500 LDC/Israeli proposals were received in the program's first calendar year (FY 1985-86). Fourteen grants were made in FY 1985, totalling the $2 million appropriated. $1.8 million was authorized from Energy and Selected Development Activities, Development assistance in FY 1986, enabling 33 grants to be funded and $5 million was authorized from Energy and Selected Development Activities in 1987. In PY 1988 A.I.D. requests $5 million for this program. Given the need for longer term Israel-LDC linkages, this will only fund 20, 4-5 year grants in ?? 1988 (assuming a maximum funding level of $250,000 per grant,) It is expected that competition for support will remain intense. the U.S.-Israel CDR Program is distinctly different from existing A, 1.D. programs in that it provides 0.S. funding for cooperative research in- polving Israeli and LDC scientists on significant LDC problems, thereby strengthening the capability LDC scientists need to address their own problems. The U.S.-Israel CDR program seeks innovative research ideas in the natural sciences and engineering that aim to solve serious development problems. POLICIES The program is based on the fact that Israel has been uniquely effective in applying science and technology to its development needs. The intensely practical experience of applying research to the needs of a relatively mall scale developing economy should be transferable to many developing countries. Moreover, Israel excels in technological areas such as arid landes management, irrigation, solar energy, biotechnology, biological pest control and aquaculture. Israeli laboratories also have very strong capabilities in hydrology, biomedical research and computer science. Many bat ateli scientists have already established good working relationships with developing country counterparts through prior exchanges, cooperative research, publications and training programs, 240 AID TO-3 1883 241 1459 PROGRAM SUMMARY (in millions of dollars) FY 1987 Estimated FY 1986 Actual FY 1988 Request 4.8 5.0 y 5.0 Appropriated for FY 1987 by separate Congressional action under P.L. 99591, the FY 1987 Continuing Resolution. U.S.- ISRAEL COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH PROGRAM OVERVIEW In PY 1985, A.1.D. was requested by the Congress to implement a new program to fund, through cooperative projects, the application of relevant Israeli technology to less developed country (LDC) problems. In response, A.I.D. initiated the U.S.-Israel Cooperative Development Research (CDR) Program (936–5544) as a separate initiative linking Israeli and developing country scientists in joint research projects. The program was announced in November 1984. Over 500 LDC/Israeli proposals were received in the program's first calendar year (FY 1985-86). Fourteen grants were made in PY 1985, totalling the $2 million appropriated. $4.8 million was authorized from Energy and Selected Development Activities, Development Assistance in FY 1986, enabling 33 grants to be funded and $5 million was author ized from Energy and selected Development Activities in 1987. In FY 1988 A.I.D. requests $5 million for this program. Given the need for longer term Israel-LDC linkages, this will only fund 20, 4-5 year grants in FY 1988 (assuming a maximum funding level of $250,000 per grant.) It is expected that competition for support will remain intense. The U.S.-Israel CDR Program is distinctly different from existing A.I.D. programs in that it provides U.S. funding for cooperative research in- volving Israeli and LDC scientists on significant LDC problems, thereby strengthening the capability LDC scientists need to address their own problems. The U.S. -Israel CDR program seeks innovative research ideas in the natural sciences and engineer ing that aim to solve serious development problems. POLICIES The program is based on the fact that Israel has been uniquely effective in applying science and technology to its development needs. The intensely practical experience of applying research to the needs of a relatively small scale developing economy should be transferable to many developing countries. Moreover, Israel excels in technological areas such as ar id lands management, irrigation, solar energy, biotechnology, biological pest control and aquaculture. Israeli laboratories also have very strong capabilities in hydrology, biomedical research and computer science. Many Israeli scientists have already established good working relationships with developing country counterparts through prior exchanges, cooperative research, publications and training programs. AID 370-3 (883) 241 1461 1460 It appears that improved scientific collaboration between Israel and African, Asian and Latin American countries can help develop new scientific solutions to problems of international development. The U.S. management of this program assures visibility to both beneficiaries and that the cooperation meets U.S. development assistance goals in the host countries. 1:23 5.300 5.100 2.500 OOS •.000 9.362 5.000 DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Beginning in FY 1988, the CDR program will fund cooperative Israeli-LDC research proposals up to $250,000, initiated by either LDC or Israeli scientific institutions. This was necessitated by the need to promote longer term (5 year rather than 3 year) Israel-Loc relationships. Grants in fiscal years 1985-87 were limited to $150,000. Investigators may be from universities, government laboratories or the for-profit private sector. The CDR program concentrates on the initial, particularly innovative phase of an investigation. It should be noted that the U.S.-Israel CDR program is not focused on the economic development of Israel but emphasizes areas in which Israeli research interests and expertise are particularly valuable to LDCS. Soo .soo 329 2.500 Oco.. 5.362 300 5.003 2.72. 17. The exact number of grants awarded under this program depends on the availability of funds; however, we anticipate funding between 30–35 projects in FY 1987 ($5 million funding level and $150,000 maximum per grant) but only 20–25 in FY 1988 ($5 million funding level and $250,000 maximum per grant). 12 295 4.789 15.110 14.701 1.5.2 33.326 31.126 U*** .* ACTIVITIES WIONS Orrudes 23.997 2. 20 2.000 In agriculture, for example, research projects are already underway: to develop new fruit, forage and nut crops for arid lands like Botswana; to fight the spread of African cassava mosaic virus by developing new ways to control its whitefly vector; to grown viable crops in sand dunes; to develop all-male hybrid fish (tilapia) for aquaculture; to develop improved (including genetically-engineered) biocontrol agents against soil-borne plant pathogens and disease carrying mosquitos; to optimize nitrogen fertilization of rice by the water fern azolla; and to develop new methods for controlling coffee cust. In other projects, Israeli health researchers and their developing country counterparts are developing new methods for the rapid detection of drug-resistant leprosy, new chemical and immunochemical agents to fight malaria, and better ways to identify disease causing fungi in Africa. A nutrition project will investigate the use of the naturally occurring isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen as indigenous tracers for studying the flow of nutrition in humans. This could eliminate the current need for radioactive tracers. In the field of environmental engineering, project is underway to develop an anaerobic biological system for processing industrial wastes in ponds. AUTHO 000 - 36.000 ארוכותa aנגווי OBLIG GRANTS SNVOT GRANTS LOANS GRANTS LOANS CENTRALLY PUNOLO OrrIce or TNE SCIENCE ADVISOR Orrice OF SCIENCE AND TECNNOL OST LVING, S ano I TO DEVLET" () sve scientarse resourch SinineTNENING S AND capacity OG FOR COor Dev TOTAL FOR PROGRAM TOTAL PO ACCOUNT TOTAL POR BUREAU GRAN, ON Torcu NO TITLE 9555-ssa INNOVAT Visits 55-966 &ESE 242 0 1461 SUNARY OP ACTIVE AND PROPOSED PROJECTS (IN THOUSANDS OP DOLLARS) PROGRAM: PAGE 02/33137 CENTRALLT FUNDEO • SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES PROJECT NO. ANO TITLE OPPICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY C 36.402 36.402 23.957 14,701 5.714 2.729 5.362 5.300 3,362 5.100 C 2.303 2.803 2.236 1.392 295 300 325 300 350 35 C 19.000 19.000 2.000 4.785 555 5.000 2.300 5.000 2.500 TOTAL FOR PROGRAM 96,205 96,205 53,454 33,326 15.110 361 14.662 17.825 16.662 13,250 GRANTS 96,205 96,205 $3,456 33,326 15.110 3.461 16.662 17,825 14,662 13,250 LOANS --- 200 --- TOTAL FOR BUREAU 94,205 94. 205 53.454 33,326 15.110 3.461 16.662 17.325 16,662 13.250 GRANTS 96,235 94, 205 53.454 33.326 15.110 3.461 16,662 17,325 LOANS 16,662 13,250 DOO --- TOTAL POR ACCOUNT 94, 205 94,205 53.454 33,326 15.110 3.661 16,662 17.925 16,562 13,253 20. --- CP 86-02 • LFY OR FY OF LOP 1 INITIAL PINAL PLANNED 6 DILIG OBLIG AUTHD -ENROUGN PYSS- OBLIG- EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES -ACTUAL PY86- OBLIG- EXPEN ATIONS DITURES ESTIMATED FT87. JOLIG EXPEN ATIONS OITURES -PROOO SED FY88- OBLIG EXPEN- ATIONS DITURES OFFICE OF THE SCIENCE ADVISOR 935-5530 G 31 38 APPLYING S AND I TO DEL PANT (UAS) • I 36.000 36.000 25,209 16,677 4.316 6.000 9.500 4.000 5.300 935-5542 INNOVATIVE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCN 935-3343 STRENGT MENING S ANO I CAPACITY 936.5544 JS/ISRAEL PRG POR COOP DEV RESEARCN GRANTS 94,205 94,205 53.454 33.326 15.110 3.461 16,662 17.825 LOANS 16,662 13,250 'non projecte 243 Curty FY - All production to 31,10red dote lowo 9. Pomodo 1 1 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 01330 3048 THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE DEC I 1988 NOV 2 2 1988 1 M