HC 20-8008J 98/2
B
SOC
HV
5825
.J965
1978
877,051
E-TREATMENT INTERFACE
A CROSS-DISCIPLINE TRAINING COURSE
BUILDING A RE - ENTRY REFERRAL NETWORK
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
LIBRARIES
Publication No. (NDACTRD) 79-JIC-164R
Printed November 1978.
FEB 12-1979
DEPOSITED BY THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Self-Instructional
Workbook
THE NATIONAL DRUG ABUSE CENTER FOR
TRAINING AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
656 Quince Orchard Road
Room 607
Gaithersburg, Maryland 20760
301/948-3610
MCMAS


.....

5

OF
IVERSITY OF MIC

UNIVERS
THE UNIV
RTES
MICHIGAN
1817
··LIBRARIES ·
JUSTICE-TREATMENT INTERFACE
A CROSS-DISCIPLINE TRAINING COURSE
Building a Re-Entry Referral Network
A Self-Instructional Workbook
by
Christopher L. Faegre
Course Developer and Manager
H. Stephen Glenn
Course Consultant
Harvey Friedman
Assistant Course Developer
John Guzauskas
Deborah Willoughby
Rosemarie Brooks
Project Officer
Lonnie E. Mitchell, Ph.D.
Chief, Manpower and Training Branch
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Editors
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
HV
£
1998
This manual was printed for the National Institute on
Drug Abuse, Division of Resource Development, Manpower
and Training Branch by the National Drug Abuse Center
for Training and Resource Development under NIDA contract
number 271-78-4600 to Health Control Systems, Inc.,
Dr. J. Thomas Russell, Director, 1370 Piccard Drive, 2nd
Floor, Rockville, Maryland 20850. Justice-Treatment Inter-
face: A Cross Discipline Training Course was developed
by the National Drug Abuse Center for Training and Resource
Development, operated by System Development Corporation
pursuant to Contract Number 271-75-4018 with the Manpower
and Training Branch, Division of Resource Development,
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 5600 Fisher's Lane,
Rockville, MD 20852.
The National Drug Abuse Center for Training and Resource
Development has obtained permission from the copyright
holders to reproduce certain quoted or excerpted mate-
rials, which appears on pp. III-37-51. Further reproduc-
tion of these passages or sections is prohibited without
specific permission of the copyright holder. All other
material contained in this document is in the public
domain, and may be used or reprinted without special
permission. Citation as to source, however, is appreciated.
The material contained herein does not necessarily
reflect the opinions, position, or official policies
of the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration,
Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.
Publication No. (NDACTRD) 79-164R
Printed November 1978
soc. Work
Depos USA
11-10-80
Using This Workbook.
"Re-Entry Services".
Building a Re-Entry Referral Network
Building a Referral System
Task One
Task Two
Task Three
Task Four.
Task Five.
Task Six .
Building an Information-Sharing System
Task Seven
Task Eight
Conclusion
CONTENTS
•
Q
•
National Conference of State Criminal
Justice Planning Administrators.
National Association of State Drug Abuse
Program Coordinators
•
•
•
•
1
3
23
25
26
28
30
38
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
58
iii
*
Acknowledgement
You wouldn't believe the stories of cooperation and
"instant effort" behind this course. In the beginning,
staff from several Federal agencies assisted in the overall
design; during the writing period, authors responded to
impossible deadlines; in the pilot-testing phase, state
and local agencies graciously contributed staff time and
facilities on short notice; and during the editing and
refinement phases, reviewers, trainers, editors, and
production personnel worked long hours to get the bugs out.
This kind of response, from literally dozens and dozens of
people inside and outside of NIDA's National Training
System, makes the course manager's role a reward instead
of a punishment. I'm proud of the product--but even
prouder of the people who produced it.
Chris Faegre
Chris Faegre

USING THIS WORKBOOK
This workbook is designed to assist the probation officer, drug
counselor, or other line worker who must help plan the offender-
client's transition from life in the treatment or institutional
setting to an independent, self-sustaining, satisfying life in
the community. It is a self-instructional device that can be
used by individuals or small goups to build an interactive net-
work of agencies to serve the returning drug-abusing offender.
The section on "Re-Entry Services," written by Andrew Mecca with
Steve Pittel, explains the importance of these services in re-
integrating offender clients into the community. Part 3 of
the booklet gives step-by-step instruction in building a referral
file. (This section was adapted from a similar section in the
NDAC Course: Emergency Department Drug Abuse Treatment.)
Of course the initial process of building a card file of service
providers will not, in and of itself, "build" an interrelated
network of services. The network emerges over time as workers
make visits to other programs, establish trust, make initial
referrals of low-risk clients, and generally use the card file
as a means of inter-agency negotiation and cooperation.
ur
The 4th segment of the booklet, also adapted from Emergency
Department Drug Abuse Treatment, gives a step-by-step procedure
for building an information system (a shared library of materials
on drug abuse).
1
1
RE-ENTRY SERVICES
by
Andrew Mecca
Steve Pittel
3
BACKGROUND
RE-ENTRY SERVICES
The critical significance of providing re-entry services
for chronic drug abusers as part of a total rehabilitation
or "demand reduction" strategy was outlined recently in
the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force in its White
Paper on Drug Abuse (1975):
Rehabilitation is a critical step in returning a
drug user to a productive life. Individuals
need help in developing or recovering skills which
enable them to support themselves. Some need
basic schooling, vocational counselling, and
skills training; some need a form of supported
work; and still others simply need a job. All
of these services are provided by existing man-
power services; we must be sure that they are
available to former drug users and stabilized
patients in treatment.
Whether or not the White Paper is correct in asserting
that needed services are available through existing com-
munity resources, there is no doubt about the addict's
need for services designed to facilitate his successful
re-entry into the community. Drug abuse treatment may
eliminate the addict's need for drugs, but it cannot
prepare him adequately for survival in a complex world
whose values are unfamiliar to him and for which he has
not been socialized.
S
In its emphasis on rehabilitation, the White Paper reflects
a theme that has recurred frequently throughout the modern
history of drug abuse treatment. Almost since the first
patients were released from the United States Public
Health Hospital at Lexington, in 1935, it has been widely
recognized that addict's treatment gains tend to be
Sum-
short-lived when they return to their communities.
marizing experiences with more than 26,000 addicts being
treated at Lexington through 1955, Lowry comments:
5
Con
U
The treatment dealing with physical addiction
is relatively simple, but treatment of psychological
addiction and of the basic mental disorder under-
lying it is relatively complex... The hospital can
put a patient on his way to recovery, but the
rehabilitation must be completed after the patient
returns to the community (emphasis added).
C
A similar conclusion was reached by Duvall, Locke, and
Brill on the basis of their five-year follow-up study
of addicts after treatment:
...high relapse, arrest and unemployment rates
and minimal voluntary use of psychiatric after-
care support the views of those who propose that
there be systematic community aftercare of such
persons...
Models of Aftercare Service Delivery
While the development of alternative models of drug
abuse treatment continues to be a matter of active debate,
relatively little attention has been paid to the systematic
development of aftercare delivery models. In part,
it appears that this failure to take aftercare issues
seriously reflects the widely held view that needed after-
care services are available to drug treatment programs
for purposes other than treatment. But, to a greater
extent, it appears to be a reflection of the even more
pernicious belief that the addict's problems stem primarily
(or exclusively) from his use of drugs. In effect, both
of these factors operate to limit addict aftercare ser-
vices to involvement in community based psychiatric
treatment programs (or to some other therapeutic or
counseling program on an outpatient basis), and, perhaps,
to involvement in a job counseling or training program.
Aftercare models based on parole supervision and urine
surveillance are merely variants on this theme.
Resources for Re-entry
To be sure, the existence--even in the most modest
urban setting--of a comprehensive set of re-entry
and related services is amply documented by a
vast and ever-growing library of brochures leaflets,
memoranda, and other local publications. Perhaps
more than any other group of human service providers,
professionals and paraprofessionals in the field
of drug abuse seem to derive renewed confidence
from the periodic production and reproduction of
directories of community services, referral lists,
etc. (Yet, somewhat ironically, the optimism
generated by the mere listing of services is not
wholly unjustified--for these lists and the cor-
responding appearance of comprehensiveness play
no small part in the allocation of future funds
to counties and various sub-state regions.)
6
Inquiry, however, must go somewhat beyond the mere
cataloging of community services. Do these services
actually exist? And, most importantly, are they
available for and offered to addicts? Two partial
responses to these questions have long been under-
stood by workers in the drug abuse field. First,
the listing--even the official listing--of services
offered seldom suffices to guarantee their actual
availability. Such directories are often long out-
dated by the time they reach publication or dis-
tribution; even when current, they often fail to
reflect such constraints as budgetary shortages
and reallocations within agencies, inadequate staff
time, eligibility restrictions, patient fees, and
the like.
Second, even where services are generally available,
there often exist organizational and individual
biases that prevent their being offered to addicts.
In many agencies, training regarding the problems
of the addict population is inadequate. Often,
there is the tacit understanding within public and
private agencies that addicts are difficult or
even impossible to serve. The not uncommon result
is that addicts are effectively screened out during
the initial intake process. Many public agencies,
cognizant of the need to "look good" when funding
time rolls around, concentrate on the "easy-to-
rehabilitate" clients in order to make a good showing.
The apparent reluctance with which services are
provided and the frequent failure to provide
services relevant to the addict's needs become common
knowledge through the addict grapevine; this tends
to discourage otherwise eligible addict clients
from applying for or pursuing much needed services.
Yet along with this underlying inadequacy of community
services there remains that common belief that needed
services are in fact available. An unfortunate
result of this view is the widespread lack of funds
available directly to drug treatment programs for
the delivery of aftercare services. While most
treatment programs make some attempts to locate
suitable employment or vocational training for their
graduates, their efforts and funding to provide
aftercare services are commonly limited to the area
of employment.
7
Re-entry versus Aftercare
Because the concept of "aftercare" is inextricably
tied to the delivery of continuing therapeutic
services focused primarily on the addict's use
of drugs we will use the term "re-entry" to
denote a broader class of services from which addicts
might benefit. In contrast to approaches that em-
phasize the addict's need to overcome his use of
drugs, the case for re-entry services rests on
the assumption that the addict lacks the psycho-
social skills upon which his ultimate rehabilitation
will depend. Or, to put it differently, it is
believed that he has not been socialized for survival
in the world in which he is expected to live after
his addiction has been cured. Typically, the addict
comes from a background of emotional and material
deprivation¹, is poorly educated, and lacks job
skills and experience Moreover, he has typically
failed to achieve even a modicum of success in
practically evey traditional domain of community
adjustment.
For many addicts most of these deficiencies were
present before he became an addict. In many ways
they are made still worse by an erosion of even
the most minimal social skills during the period
of addiction. The addict's peer relationships
revolve more and more around the use of drugs; his
or her abilities to form enduring realtionships,
to form trust relationships and to work with others,
and to take cognizance of the needs of others,
tend correspondingly to dissipate.
The argument is not that addicts are entirely without
survival skills. Quite the contrary, the skills
and competencies developed for survival "on the street"
merit serious attention. The suggestion is that
many of these skills are not directly translatable
into survival in a more conventional life-sytle
Even those social skills that might be translated
into more traditional contexts are rarely perceived
by the addict as such. In sum, the addict often does
not know how to apply his strengths to the unfamiliar
task of community adjustment--to the process of
re-entry.
1chern et.al., 1964
2Waldorf, 1970
3Nurco, 1973
8
Finally, one must add to this bleak picture the
equally unfortunate circumstances in which the
addict typically finds himself upon completion of
treatment. Not only is he commonly without a
job--or even job skills, but also his immediate
financial resources are severely limited. He has
no housing, no automobile for transportation, and
little clothing. He or she typically is faced with
a variety of legal problems, both criminal and
civil, has few if any friends or associates who
are not addicts, and has no existing credit. His
health is often marginal and his family may well be
scattered and unsympathetic.
Faced with these and other similar objective problems,
and equipped at best with a minimum of psychosocial
skills and competencies, the addict--now "ex-addict"--
is expected to make his way in an unfamiliar,
conventional world. The well-documented failure
of most treatment program graduates to live up to
this expectation--and their subsequent relapse
into drug use--should hardly come as a surprise.
The process of re-entry is at best a long, slow,
and painful undertaking. At countless steps along
the way, the addict is beset inevitably by fears
and frustrations; his paucity of survival skills
appropriate to this new, drug-free life-style can
contribute little to his self-esteem and self-
confidence. Even those new skills that he gradually
acquires can hardly seem trustworthy and reliable.
It is during this re-entry process that the addict
is most vulnerable to the temptation to return to
drug use--not out of any pathological craving for
drugs themselves, but out of a normal tendency
to return to a life-style with which he is familiar
and in which he functions adequately.
RATIONALE
Given the significance of the re-entry problem, and given
also its more recent stature as a national priority area
(Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force, 1975), one might
expect to find a literature replete with careful analyses
spanning the gamut of re-entry service needs, with critical
reviews of existing services, and with experimental
studies of alternative re-entry service delivery systems.
Yet, unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth.
At best, the available literature is but fragmentary and
spotty.
9
Service Needs
The basic theme--that re-entry services are of critical
importance--has been stated by many authors, but no
attempt has been made to state precisely what services
are needed. The primary exception to this surprising
inattention is in the area of vocational services. The
addict's needs for skills training, job counseling, and
job placement services are amply documented (Kennedy and
Kerber, 1973; Goldenberg and Keatinge, 1973; Perkins and
Wolkstein, 1972). Yet even here, the focus is largely
upon the provision of relatively traditional services;
more recent experience suggests a broad-based need for
innovative services such as: (1) pre-vocational training
(i.e,, training to become an employee or worker, rather
than to do specific jobs); (2) unique, one-of-a-kind
job placements in employment settings more compatible
with the individual addict's tolerance for structure
and responsibility, and (3) careful attention to
addict's "street survival skills," which may be trans-
leted into survival in a more conventional world.
Service Providers
There have been few systematic studies of the network
of re-entry service providers or, more importantly, of
the biases and obstacles encountered by addicts in their
attempts to obtain services. Again, those few studies
that have been conducted focus largely upon the provision.
of vocational and related services.
Service Delivery Systems
Aiken, et al., (1975) suggest that there are several
important elements of a coordinated system of service
delivery: (1) compatibility--"the proper linking and
sequencing of elements"; (2) cooperation--"the quality
of the relationships between the human actors in the de-
livery system"; and (3) comprehensiveness--"whether all
the necessary resources and services are in fact present
in the system and available to clients.
IT
RE-ENTRY SERVICE NEEDS
The categories of re-entry service needs span the gamut
of human services. Preliminary studies of re-entry needs
of California and Oregon clients suggest that particular
attention should be focused upon the following:
Vocational assistance
10
• Housing
• Medical and dental needs
• Financial assistance
Family related services
• Transportation
• Legal assistance
• Mental health services
• Recreational activities
• Educational development
The following sections provide detailed specifications
for the most important re-entry service needs in each
of these categories.
Vocational Assistance
Re-entry service needs associated with employment are perhaps
the most visible, immediate, and pervasive. Included in
this category are: (1) vocational counseling and testing,
(2) training and counseling in non-specific employment
skills, (3) skills training, (4) placement, and (5)
financial subsidies for needed tools, uniforms, etc.
Housing
Typical client needs in this domain include: (1) temporary
emergency housing immediately upon re-entry, (2) assis-
tance in locating suitable permanent housing, (3) direct
and/or financial assistance in moving furniture and house-
hold effects to a new residence, and (4) counseling and
instruction in topics related to household maintenence
and care.
Medical and Dental Care
While many clients will have received basic medical and
dental attention by virtue of their status as treatment
program clients, and while many will also remain eligible
for medicaid benefits by virtue of their continued welfare
eligibility, it must be anticipated that project success
in job development and placement will adversely affect
such benefits. First, many smaller employers--i.e., those
with jobs most appropriate to our clients' re-entry needs--
will not provide group insurance benefits. Second, even
larger employers will usually offer benefits that commence
only after some initial waiting period--often as long as
three months. Thus, in order to meet the client's ongoing
needs for medical and dental services, it will be appropriate
11
to subsidize group insurance benefits.
Financial Assistance
In addition to ongoing and regular needs for income,
clients--particularly those just completing residential
treatment--may have immediate needs for direct financial
assistance. Such needs might include: (1) clothing;
(2) basic household necessities--e.g., kitchen supplies,
an alarm clock, etc.--; (3) initial union dues, tools,
or uniforms for work; or (4) initial deposits required
by landlords. To the extent that subsidies for these and
similar financial needs are not otherwise available
through existing agencies, case management funds should
be included within the project budget.
·
Family Related Services
Client needs in this domain might include: (1) family
counseling, (2) family planning services, and (3) child-
care services.
Transportation
Transportation service needs are likely to extend somewhat
beyond the basic assurance of adequate transportation
to work, to service providers, to shopping, etc. Instead,
more enduring service needs must also be considered, such
as: (1) basic education in the care and maintenance of
an automobile, (2) driving lessons, and (3) assistance
in obtaining automobile insurance, etc.
Legal Assistance
While clients' basic needs for assistance in the area
of criminal law are usually served by public defenders,
it is nevertheless true that most will have substantial
needs for professional services in civil law. Common
problem areas include: (1) divorce and/or custody
cases, (2) repossessions, (3) creditor suits, and (4)
tenants' rights litigation.
Mental Health Services
Drug use may be only one of several mental health problems
for which direct treatment is appropriate. While some
drug abuse treatment programs provide therapy and counseling
which is not necessarily specific to drug abuse, additional
12
mental health services may yet be required after program
termination. Such service needs may include: (1) psych-
ological testing, (2) group and/or individual couseling,
and (3) services related to specific problems such as
mental retardation, etc.
Recreational Activities
Recreational needs are commonly overlooked in the develop-
ment of re-entry plans. Clients face not only the
immediate problem of finding suitable spare time activities,
but also the longer term problem of developing new, sup-
portive peer contacts.
Educational Development
Specific needs in this domain typically include: (1) tutoring,
(2) G.E.D. preparatory courses, (3) coursework at the junior
college level, (4) adult school courses, and (5) special
classes and workshops in basic living skills (e.g., man-
aging a budget, cooking, etc.)
Interrelation of the above mentioned needs (e.g., get-
ting involved in coursework at a junior college may lead
to recreactional alternatives that provide supportive
peer contacts or purchasing an automobile may make
possible an improvement in housing) ought to be managed
effectively by a single aftercare coordinating person
and not left to chance.
13
GENERAL APPROACH
Needs Assessment
An assessment of service needs should include several
domains of interest: (a) prior successes
(a) prior successes and failures
of the client in coping with typical living problems,
(b) perceived re-entry problems, and (c) perceived re-
entry service needs.
Prior Successes and Failures
This portion of the interview should focus upon the subjects'
demonstrated abilities to cope with typical living problems
in such areas as: (1) family relationships (parental and/
or marital), (2) peer relationships (one-to-one relation-
ships and/or group involvement), (3) occupation (stability,
satisfaction, etc.), (4) education, (5) residence
(stability, suitability, tenants' rights, etc.), (6) re-
creation, (7) transportation, and (8) health.
The purpose of these items will be to assess indirectly
subjects' actual needs for re-entry services. It is
important to identify the personal skill, resources,
and weaknesses that are likely to assist or hinder sub-
jects in the difficult process of re-entry.
In the area of family relationships, interviewers can
inquire into such areas as: (1) family stability,
(2) family activities, (3) frequency of current contact
with parents, siblings, spouse, etc., and (4) family
dysfunctions (e.g., parental brutality, separations, etc.)
Topics to be pursued under peer relationships can include:
(1) nature and extent of previous group involvement (in-
cluding involvement as a youth), (2) close friends,
(3) relationships with members of the opposite sex, and
(4) close relationships with non-drug users. Our concern
with these topics will be two-fold: first, it will
be important to assess currently available peer support,
as such support may prove a valuable asset in the re-
entry process; second, one is interested in the subjects'
demonstrated abilities to form enduring realtionships,
enter into group activities, etc.
Interview items relating to occupation should focus upon
several domains of interest, including: (1) vocational
skills (both job-specific and non-specific skills),
14
(2) previous employment stability, (3) job-seeking skills
(e.g., interviewing, preparing resumes, etc.), (4) degree
of satisfaction with previous employment experiences,
and (5) current employment aspirations.
Additional attention can be focused on identifying
subjects' "street survival skills." Insufficient at-
tention has been directed in the past to the variety of
functional strengths and gratifications associated with
the ways in which addicts survive and support their
illicit drug use. Our concern should be to determine
the extent to which such survival skills and "street
hustles" are indicative of important occupational charac-
teristics, such as pride in accomplishment, persistence,
ability to work with others, etc. (e.g., Pittel, 1974;
Preble and Casey, 1972; Sutter, 1966, 1969).
In the area of education, interviewers can inquire beyond
each subject's level of formal education into such topics
as: (1) subjects most enjoyed, (2) hobbies, etc., which
tend to indicate any ongoing educational interests,
(3) plans to continue schooling, and (4) reading habits.
Interview items pertaining to subjects' residences can
focus upon:
(1) previous history of residential stability,
(2) indications of any sense of community involvement
or neighborhood "roots," (3) previous problems with land-
lords, (4) ability to care for a home or apartment, and
(5) current residential plans and aspirations.
Items relating to recreation can include: (1) hobbies,
(2) frequency of use of public recreational facilities,
(3) indications of persistent boredom (past and present),
and (4) expressed interests in group and individual re-
creational activities.
In the area of transportation, interview items can be
included to determine subjects' abilities to utilize
public and private means of transportation. Items per-
taining to transportation might include: (1) past or
present automobile ownership, (2) driving record, (3)
familiarity with routine automobile maintenance needs,
(4) willingness to commute, and (5) previous travel.
Finally, interviewers can also inquire about subjects
familiarity with basic health requirements, including:
(1) nutritional needs, (2) previous vaccinations and im-
munizations, (3) dental care, and (4) special dietary
15
problems (e.g., overweight, diabetes, etc.).
Re-Entry Problems
During this portion of the interview, subjects still in
treatment can be asked to identify areas (such as those
discussed above) in which they anticipate problems upon
re-entry.
Once a complete specification of anticipated or current
problems has been developed, subjects should be asked
to rate: (1) the relative importance of each problem
area specified, (2) the urgency or need for immediate
attention to each area, and (3) the likelihood of suc-
cessful resolution of each in the absence of related re-
entry services.
Perceived Re-entry Service Needs
Subjects can next be asked to identify specific re-entry
services that they need currently, or will need upon com-
pletion of treatment. As with the specification of
anticipated or current problem areas, subjects should be
asked to identify service needs without being prompted
by the interviewer. Subjects should then be asked to
review a prepared checklist of potential service needs
for possible additions. Finally, subjects should be
asked to rate the urgency of their identified service
needs.
Knowledge of Existing Resources
This portion of the interview should focus upon subjects'
knowledge of and familiarity with the services actually
offered within the community by public and private pro-
viders. For each service included on a prepared list
of re-entry services, subjects should be asked about:
(1) which agencies provide such services, (2) where
application for services may be made, (3) whether they
themselves might be eligible for services, and (4) their
current understanding regarding the difficulties in ob-
taining services. Services to be covered in this portion
of the interview include: (1) welfare benefits, (2)
social services available through county welfare depart-
ments, (3) medical and dental services available through
various county agencies, (4) legal services provided
by public defenders and legal aid societies, (5) educa-
tional programs available through secondary school and
junior college districts, (6) vocational services pro-
vided by various State and county agencies, (7) mental
health services offered by local community mental health
16
centers, and (8) housing assistance available through
local public housing authorities.
Prior Experiences With Service Providers
Finally, subjects should be asked to identify re-entry
services that they have sought in the past. Interviewers
should utilize a prepared check-list of services available
within the community. For each service previously sought,
subjects can be asked whether they actually received
the services for which they applied, whether there were
any particular difficulties in obtaining services, etc.
Summary
A needs assessment instrument should be structured as
a service planning tool. Specifically, it should summarize:
(1) the general level of need in each of the above domains;
(2) specific services required; (3) the urgency or im-
mediacy of service needs; (4) appropriate public and
private agencies for referrals; (5) short-term and long-
term re-entry goals in each domain; and (6) plans for
coordinating service delivery, sequencing of services, etc.
Based upon the results of the service needs assessment,
a re-entry services plan and a more formal re-entry "con-
tract" can be developed. This contract will specify in
greater detail the specific services that the client
can expect from project staff. Equally important, the con-
tract should specify expectations as to client participation
in the re-entry process.
Referral
Clients should receive extensive counseling regarding the
results of the needs assessment interview. For example,
all referrals to public and private agencies must be pre-
ceded by a discussion with the client of the specific
services available, their potential eligibility for
such services, formal and informal obstacles to their
actually obtaining needed services, and, when possible,
the name of the most appropriate individual to contact
at the service-providing agency.
In order to maintain contact with clients receiving
only referral services, a formalized system of referral
follow-up should be developed. This system will include
17
four major components: (1) clients assigned to this treat-
ment condition will be asked to contact their counselor
periodically to let the counselor know how they fared
with various referral agencies; (2) one will continue
to encourage follow-up contact by an extensive mailing
effort, including periodic newletters containing useful
information about service providers, holiday greeting
cards, etc; (3) case aides and volunteers can be assigned
to locate former clients with whom the programs have
lost contact; and (4) referral agencies should be asked
to provide immediate follow-up on specific referrals.
This follow-up on direct referrals will be facilitated
by sending a returnable postcard to each agency at the
time of referral. The card can include: (1) a client
number for identification, (2) an indication of whether
the client actually applied for services, (3) an indica-
tion of whether the client was then accepted for services,
and (4) an indication of whether the client is considered
an appropriate referral.
Advocacy
In addition to the needs assessment and referral services,
clients assigned to this treatment condition can receive
from project staff whatever assistance is required to
ensure that they receive the needed services for which
they are eligible. Such advocacy services can include
assistance in establishing eligibility, transportation
to service agencies, and ongoing intervention with agency
staff on the behalf of clients.
While the specific needs for advocacy services can be
determined largely by interview, it is possible to specify
several examples of potential advocacy roles that counselors
might be called upon to assume. At one extreme, a tele-
phone call to the appropriate service-providing agency
might be sufficient to pave the way. More extensive
modes of staff involvement might include accompanying
clients through the often confusing process of applying
for services, providing automobile transportation to
and from service appointments, attending initial eligibility
interviews together with the client, and even speaking
on the client's behalf during the re-entry service
interviews. Finally, staff might be called upon to
maintain regular contact with the service providing agency
to ensure that needed services are being made available.
18
Bibliography
Aiken, M., Dewar, R., Di Tomaso, N., Hage, J., and Zeitz, G.
Coordinating human services. 1975 San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Becker, Howard S., Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of
Deviance, 1963. (New York: The Free Press).
Block, J. Lives through time. 1971 Berkeley, CA: Bancroft
Books.
Bowden, C. L. and Langenauer, B.J. Success and failure in the NARA
addiction program.
The American Journal of Psychiatry.
January, 1972. 128 (7).
Caplan, N. Psychosocial competencies among hard-to-employ youth.
1973 Ann Arbor, Mich. : Institute for Social Research.
Chein, I.; Gerard, D.L.; Lee, R.S. & Rosenfeld, E. The Road to
H: Narcotics, Delinquency and Social Policy. 1964
New York: Basic Books).

Diskind, Meyer H., New Horizons in the Treatment of Narcotic
Addiction. Federal Probation. 1960, 24 (4): 56-63.
Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force. White Paper on Drug
Abuse. 1975. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing
Office.
DuPont, R.L. Outpatient drug free treatment manual. Special
action office monograph, Series C. August, 1974. (no.4).
Duvall, H.; Locke, B. and Brill, L. Follow up study of addicts
five years after hospitalization. Public Health Reports.
1963, 78 (3),
Feldman, H.
"Street Status and Drug Users.
Vol. 10: 32-38.
"1
Society. 1973
Feldman, Harvey W., Street Status and the Drug Researcher:
Issues in Participant Observation, The Drug Abuse Council,
Inc., FS-3.
Flohr, R.B. and Lerner, S.E. Employment characteristics of
heroin addicts in three treatment programs and employer
attitudes. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. Winter, 1971.
4 (2): 148-153.
19
Pittel, S.M., Foster, T.L., Dakof, G. and Luhe, C. The Oregon
Re-entry Program: a comprehensive plan for delivery of
treatment and rehabilitation services to substance dependent
correctional clients. Unpublished Ms., 1976 (a).
Pittel, S.M. and Hofer, R. A systematic approach to drug abuse
treatment referral. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 1974.
6, 253-258.
N.
Pittel, S.M., Weinberg, J.A., Grevert, P., and Sullivan,
Three studies of the MMPI as a predictive instrument in
methadone maintenance. In A. Goldstein (Ed.) Proceedings
of the Fourth National Conference on Methadone Treatment.
New York: NAPAN, 1972.
Pittel, S.M. Addicts in wonderland: sketches for a map of a vocational
frontier. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 1974. 6 231-242.
Pittel, S.M., Foster, T.L., Dakof, G. and Luhe, C. Character-
istics and perceived service needs of Oregon correctional
inmates. Unpublished Ms., 1976.
Preble, E. & Casey, J.J. "Taking Care of Business: The Heroin
User's Life on the Streets. In: Smith, D.E. & Gay, G.R. (Eds)
It's So Good, Don't Even Try It Once: Heroin in Perspective.
1972. (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall).
11
Richardson, H.; Brooks, J.; Cohen, M. and Kern, J. A three year
follow-up study of forty-three heroin addicts in a suburban
community. Journal of Drug Education. Winter, 1974.
4 (4): 389-398.
Schatyman, Leonard and Strauss, Anselm L., Field Research:
Strategies for a Natural Sociology. 1973. (Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.).

Sutter, A.G. "The World of the Righteous Dope Fiend." Issues
in Criminology. 1966. Vol. 2: 177–222.
Sutter, A.G. "Worlds of Drug Use on the Street Scene." In:
Cressey, D.R. & Ward, D.A. (Eds.). Delinquency, Crime and
Social Process. 1969. (New York: Harper and Row).
Vaillant, G.E. Twelve year follow up of New York addicts: IV
Some characteristics and determinants of abstinence. The
American Journal of Psychiatry. 1966. 123 (5)
Waldorf, Dan. Careers in Dope. 1973 (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, Inc.).
Waldorf, Dan. Life without heroin: Some social adjustments during
long term periods of voluntary abstention. Social Problems.
Fall, 1970 18 (2).
Ward, H. Employment and Addiction: Overview of Issues.
Washington, D.C.: The Drug Abuse Council, Inc. June 1973.
20

Incarceration
Probation
&
Parole
Drug
Treatment
Vocational
Services
Financial
Housing
Health
&
Dental
Legal Aid
Recreational
Education
BUILDING A RE-ENTRY REFERRAL NETWORK
Mental Health
Family
Services
21
BUILDING A RE-ENTRY REFERRAL NETWORK
(A Workbook for Drug Treatment and Criminal Justice Workers)
This workbook is designed to assist people in setting up and
maintaining referral systems. Referral systems and systematic
information sharing go hand-in-hand, so both issues are addressed.
In recent years many different kinds of drug-related programs
and services (which are a part of the total Human Resource Service
System) have evolved. This workbook has guidelines for aiding
the staff of drug programs and criminal justice agencies in establishing
liaisons with a variety of facilities that provide re-entry
services.
Most programs keep some resource files for use in locating other
resources and facilities. In some instances these files may be
"carried in workers' heads" and in other situations there may
be no really apparent or felt need for such files. Often the
necessary skills (or time) required to develop and maintain such
systems may not be available. This step-by-step workbook is a
learn-by-doing approach. In the workbook you will find both
information to be absorbed and tasks to be accomplished.
encourage you to proceed from beginnning to end, without skipping
about from section to section or from task to task. Take each
item as it comes. We are convinced that both the information and
the tasks are quite manageable.
We
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Several accomplishments can be expected as a result of completing
this workbook. Below, the overall goals and more specific
objectives are listed.
Goals
To expand and improve the list of resources available to
deal with treatment and re-entry referral problems
• To encourage and aid in the development of referral skills
for treatment and court staff so that they may make better
utilization of these resources
Objectives
In this section of the workbook, the trainees will perform the
following tasks related to the development and use of a referral
system:
23
1.
2.
3.
4.
List at least seven drug-related programs and services
(persons, organization) that are included in a basic
referral file.
List, for each program and/or service, the following elements
of information:
a) Services provided
b) Address and telephone number of these services
c) Eligibility criteria
d) Procedures for referrals to and/or from the program
e) Hours of operation
f) Costs of services
Catalogue the referral file according to services provided.
Recommend to the appropriate person in his or her program
or agency administration:
a) the person or position in the agency responsible
for organizing and maintaining a referral file;
b) an accessible location for the file;
the means of training staff in the proper use of the
referral file.
2
24
BUILDING A REFERRAL SYSTEM
This section requires that you identify and contact local agencies
for information. We expect that it may take several hours to
complete, though the time required will vary depending on the
extent to which your agency has already developed a referral
file, and the accessibility of information needed from other
organizations.
We suggest that those who go through Part I be the ones responsible
for maintaining the referral file in the future. At least two
people from each agency should share this responsibility. The
rationale for having two people complete the tasks is simple:
(1) it makes the work load a bit lighter; (2) it will be easier
for two people to train other members of the agency in the use
of the referral file; and (3) it will ensure that if one leaves,
there is still someone there who understands, can train others,
and perform the duties that an effective referral and information
system requires.
It should be noted that responsibility for maintaining the referral
file should be assigned to as many people as is necessary to get
the job done. Each agency must determine the appropriate number
of people to be involved. That determination should be based
on the needs unique to each program or agency. We do caution,
however, that the assignment of responsibility be clear and
specific. Vague assignments will not do, because group responsibility
is too often synonymous with no responsibility.
The form of the referral file may vary, according to your needs.
The file may be maintained in a looseleaf notebook or in a
3″ x 5″ or 5" x 7" card file, depending on the amount of information
you find helpful and/or necessary. In this workbook, we will
refer to your file as a 5" x 7" card file, even though you may be
using 3" x 5" cards or an 8" x 11" looseleaf notebook. The im-
portant consideration is the substance, not the form. Most important
of all is the accessibility and ease of updating information.
These tasks ask you to record the specified information for at
least seven referral agencies. Therefore, you will need seven
(or more) 5" x 7" cards (or whatever you're using). If your file
is to be maintained in a more sophisticated manner, such as by
computer or microfiche, you will need the appropriate forms.
We encourage you to spend several hours during the next few days
to complete the tasks, and to expand and update your referral
file frequently. The increased effectiveness of your services to
the client and to the community will be your reward.
25
܂
TASK ONE
TYPES OF DRUG-RELATED PROGRAMS AND SERVICES
In recent years, a wide range of services has developed in many
communities to provide assistance with drugs and drug-related
problems. Some of the programs and services that may exist currently
in your community are:
• Crisis intervention centers. These include "hotlines" and
suicide prevention centers. Crisis intervention centers are
usually 24-hour operations. Paraprofessional and professional
staffers offer crisis counseling and referrals for drug abuse
emergencies in most cases. In many instances these centers
provide a walk-in type of service that may involve first aid
and/or transportation to medical facilities for emergency
treatment. Crisis intervention centers and other drop-in
programs such as runaway houses are predominantly "soft"*
drug treatment centers providing peer counseling and emergency
psychiatric referral services.
• Methadone treatment programs. These are clinics that dispense
methadone to meet the physiological needs of heroin addicts.
The clinics are usually combined with counseling and support
services for eventual detoxification.
• Residential treatment programs. Residential facilities for
drug-dependent persons usually, but not always, employ abstin-
ence as the primary treatment modality. The facilities usually
provide counseling and other supportive services.
• Alcohol treatment programs. Services to the alcohol abuser
often include detoxification and counseling.
• Psychiatric emergency services. In addition to your hospital's
psychiatric staff, there may be local psychiatric emergency
services with experience and training in dealing with drug
abusers.
• Counseling services. Public schools, colleges, mental health
services, and many large businesses, industrial operations,
and governmental agencies have counseling staffs that provide
information, guidance, and other counseling services.
* "Soft" drugs are generally defined as non-narcotic (that is, not
opium derivatives or cocaine), and include marijuana even though
it is classed as narcotic by the federal government.
27
Many communities have complied a list of programs and services
available for drug-related problems. Such a list would be
valuable to you in identifying programs for your referral file.
If such a list is not available, you will have to develop your own.
INSTRUCTIONS
Do the following task. Do not proceed further into the workbook
until you have taken appropriate action.
Inquire among agencies and people in the community to find out
if a list of drug-related programs has been compiled. Call such
local sources as:
• College counseling services
• High school counselors
• Clergymen active in civic affairs
• Halfway houses
• County or municipal health or community affairs departments
This task will be completed when you have called at least four
local sources to inquire about a published list of drug-related
and re-entry programs. Note your results.
Result of Calls (check one):
A list of drug-related programs has been located and is to
be mailed to the referral network development team.*
No such list has been located.**
*
If a list was located and is being sent, skip Task Two and
proceed to Task Three.
** If no list was located, proceed to Task Two on the next page.
Date of task completion:
28
INSTRUCTIONS
TASK TWO
If you did not locate a list of drug-realted and re-entry support
programs, do the following task before proceeding further.
Developing your own list of drug-related programs is not difficult;
you have already made a start with the four calls you made during
Task One.
Call all of those local sources again, and ask for the name,
address, telephone number (and if possible a contact person's
name) for any drug-related program known to them. Try to identify
one or more programs in each category:
• Crisis intervention centers
• Methadone treatment programs
• Housing assistance
● Residential treatment programs ● Medical and dental needs
• Alcohol treatment programs
• Financial needs
• Psychiatric emergency services. Family related services
Mental health and counseling
services
• Legal services
• Vocational assistance
• Transportation
• Recreation/education
services
Enter the information you gather for each program on a separate
5" x 7" card. The format on the following page may be useful.
29

Name:
Address:
Telephone:
Contact Person:
Comments:
Type of Program
Your task will be completed when you have identified the name,
address, and telephone number of at least seven programs.
Date of task completion:
WHEN TASK ONE OR TASK TWO IS
COMPLETED, CONTINUE WITH THE
MATERIAL IN THE WORKBOOK.
30
TASK THREE
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR ACCURATE REFERRALS
Making accurate referrals requires several kinds of information.
Having incomplete or incorrect information will result in frustra-
tion for the client, the referral agency, and yourself. Worse,
the lack of an appropriate referral may mean that essential supportive
services are not delivered to someone in need.
By the time you finish this part of the workbook, you should have
the following information about each program in your referral file:
• Eligibility criteria
• Procedures for referrals
● Hours
• Address and telephone number Services offered
Please read through all of the following sections on each type
of information before you begin to call individual programs for
information. This will help you get all essential information
with the fewest number of calls, and relieve you--and the program--
of unnecessary frustration. The exercise for this task will
provide guidance in making your calls.
Eligibility Criteria
Knowing agencies' eligibility requirements is critical in making
appropriate referrals. An agency that continually rejects in-
eligible individuals becomes frustrated and resentful toward the
person making the referrals. Clients may be denied services that
by your referral you have indicated they would receive.
And you,
as the referring person, may be perceived as uninformed, or worse,
unconcerned. These problems can be avoided if you have accurate,
updated information on the eligibility stipulations for each
referral source.
Costs
To complete this element of your file, include--for each referral
source--those eligibility criteria your staff must know to ensure
smooth referrals. Keeping this information current is crucial,
especially where requirements may change often. We suggest that
you indicate on your cards those items most likely to change.
An asterisk or some other code symbol will help focus attention on
items that should be monitored. Ideally, your contact persons
within the agencies will agree to inform you of changes as they occur.
• Age
Common eligibility considerations you may find in the agencies
are:
Location of the patient's residence
• Former offender's status
(sometimes a help)
31
• Sex
Previous program successes and failures
• Length of addiction
• Type of drug involved
● Financial status
• Legal and judicial history
Procedures for Referrals
The most common reason for
reason for inappropriate referrals is probably
the failure to follow proper client transfer procedures. For
example, programs often designate specific persons for initial
contact. As we'll see later, the golden rule applies here. If
you're expected to go through a certain person for referral to a
certain agency, by all means do so. This makes it easier for you,
for the program to which you're referring a person, and (most
important) for the client, who is the beneficiary (or victim) of
your work.
Also, clients who make an initial effort to follow through on
your referral, only to be sent away for a paper they were not aware
was needed, may not return a second time. Therefore, it is impera-
tive that you know all the steps necessary before you refer a client
to a particular program. When you get your system well organized,
you may be able to provide the client with necessary forms or
data sheets from the agency to which you're referring him. The
initial telephone call from you to the "right" person may be the
crucial step.
Address and Telephone Number
Providing only the address and telephone number of the facility
to which you wish to refer may not be enough. The telephone direc-
tory listings often do not include more than a main switchboard or
business line. Specific telephone numbers for referral contacts
may vary within an agency, depending on the service requested or
the time of day. Be sure to identify appropriate times for calling
each telephone number noted.
Your file should give other helpful details, including the floor
and room number if the agency is in a large building. Some clues
as to entrances, elevators, one-way streets, and nearby landmarks
will ensure smoother referrals and help avoid that ultimate road-
block to referral follow-through--getting lost.
S
32
Escort Service
When you cannot be confident that a client will keep his appoint-
ment at a program, it is sometimes invaluable to arrange for
staff, volunteers, or marshalls to accompany the client to the
new agency or program.
Hours
To
The hours during which an agency is open for the delivery of
services may need only a simple file card entry for "hours."
ensure proper referral, however, the file may also need to indicate
other time considerations.
Programs often schedule different times for screening and intake
procedures, service delivery hours, and office business. Be sure
that you indicate alternate times for telephone calls, walk-in
services, staff hours, screening times, specifically scheduled pro-
grams or services, etc., to provide your clients with the appro-
priate timetable for their needs.
In building an ideal system of back-up services for referral,
your file should cover 24 hours a day and weekends, because con-
cerns such as transportation may need to be coordinated with refer-
ral service hours. For program hours, as with other file elements,
continual updating will eliminate many referral problems.
Costs
Many and varied financial issues are involved in transferring clients
from one service agency to another. Your referral file (as a
start) should indicate any costs for which the client may be re-
sponsible. The determination of immediate costs and time-killing
procedures should also be part of your file. Clarification of
fixed costs and negotiable or ability-to-pay charges will prepare
the client for the dollars-and-cents reality of accepting a par-
ticular referral.
S
• Medicaid
• Social Security
• Veteran's benefits
Your file should indicate the coverage or non-coverage of service
costs by insurance or social assistance programs, such as:
Blue Cross-Blue Shield
• Local assistance programs
M
• Agency contracts for purchase
of services
• Other third party payers
33
Services Offered
To cover
The purpose of the development and upkeep of any referral system
is to help clients get to services they need. Tasks here focus
on referral to services geared to drug-involved clients.
the basic range of services available in most communities, your
entries should include these service categories:
Mental Health Services
• Counseling
Family counseling
Crisis counseling (telephone)
Crisis counseling (walk-in)
Peer counseling
• Therapy
Group therapy
One-to-one therapy
Vocational Rehabilitation
• Job finding
• Job training
Medical and Dental Services
Free clinics
• Staff physicians in local programs
• Public health department
Legal Assistance
• Legal advice
• Casework
Housing
• Residential programs
• Temporary housing
34
Drug Education
• Hotlines
• Drug education programs
• Drop-in centers
Poison control centers
+
Methadone
• Maintenance and treatment
• Detoxification
Transportation
● Free or subsidized transportation services
Education
• GED programs
•College and technical schools
Recreation
• Public facilities
• Special groups such as self-help groups
Other Services
We recommend that your file list not only primary services
available at each resource agency, but any other services offered
as well. This will help in cases where the referral of a client to
one facility will provide services to cover several needs. A
residential treatment program, for example, often provides counsel-
ing, housing, employment assistance, and, in some cases, medical
and dental care; however, an individual may need complete de-
toxification prior to entry. Your file will be even more effective
if it indicates specific services not available in situations such
as the example above.
G
In concluding this section, we want to make special note that
site visits and other follow-up activities are desirable. We
recommend that after you have obtained all the information detailed
above you do some further checking about a facility. This can be
35
done by means of telephone calls to other agencies, gathering
comments from hospitals or persons who have used the facility.
and even by visiting. We particularly recommend site visits (with
an eye to evaluation) to residential treatment facilities.
INSTRUCTIONS
Do the following task. Do not proceed further until you have
taken appropriate action.
Below is a checklist of information needed for accurate referrals.
Call each of the programs in your referral file and ask for someone
who can provide information about the program. Explain the purpose
of your call: to establish a referral file so that your agency
can make accurate and effective referrals for drug-related problems.
Using a separate sheet of paper for each program called, ask for
the information noted in the checklist. Write down all information
in detail as you receive it. When your call is finished, transfer
the information to the card in your referral file. Then call
the next program.
36
Eligibility Criteria
• Location of client's residence
• Age
Sex
INFORMATION CHECKLIST
Previous program successes and failures
• Length of addiction
• Type of drug involved
● Financial status
Legal and judicial requirements
Procedures for Referrals
• Staff member to see for initial contact
● Data or documents the client should bring
• Procedures to be completed prior to arrival
Addresses and Telephone Numbers
Main facility, with directions
• Intake facility, with directions
• Staff member for initial contact
Hours
• Regular services
• Special services.
• Screening and intake procedures
• Office business
37
Costs
• Immediate costs
• Negotiable or ability-to-pay costs
● Billing procedures
Costs covered by insurance:
Blue Cross-Blue Shield
Medicaid
Social Security
Veteran's benefits
Local assistance programs
Services Offered
• Mental health services (counseling, therapy)
• Vocational rehabilitation
• Medical and dental services
● Legal assistance
● Housing
Drug education
• Methadone maintenance
• Transportation.
• Other
This task will be completed when you have entered appropriate
information on the file card for at least seven drug-related programs.
Of course, we hope that you will continue to build a more complete
file of referrals, so you may offer the best possible service to
your clients and the community.
Date of task completion:
NOW CONTINUE WITH THE MATERIAL
IN THE WORKBOOK.
38
SETTING UP THE REFERRAL FILE
Cataloging the Referral File
When several referral cards have been developed, they should be
catalogued for easy and quick reference. The experience of many
drug programs has shown that a file catalogued by services offered
is very helpful. Earlier in this workbook, we listed general
services that could be used to catalogue the referral file:
• Mental health services
• Vocational rehabilitation
TASK FOUR
• Medical and dental services
• Legal assistance
• Housing
.
Drug education
• Methadone maintenance
• Transportation
• Other services
Location of the Referral File
Each agency
There is no one best place for the referral file.
will find its own solution. Be sure, however, the file is at
hand for quick access when needed. Also, be sure that other
members of the staff can locate the file.
Training the Staff to Use the Referral File
The next step is to train the rest of the staff to use the referral
file effectively. This can be a formal or an informal undertaking.
You may want to present the file (and its use) at a departmental
staff meeting, Or you may prefer to introduce staff members to
the file individually. In either case, two goals are important:
1. Every staff member of the program and agency should become
familiar with the referral file.
2. The purpose, location, method of cataloguing, and type of
information presented should be clearly communicated.
39
INSTRUCTIONS
Do the following task, Do not proceed further in the workbook
until you have taken appropriate action.
Decide on the method you prefer for training the co-workers in
the use of the referral file. Write down exactly what you wish
to communicate about the file:
• Purpose
• Location
• Benefits
• How the file can be used
What it can be used for
• Information contained
• Cataloguing system
Then, be sure to communicate this information to every member
of the staff (full- and part-time) for all shifts.
This task will be completed when all staff members have been
instructed in the use of the referral file.
Date of task completion:
NOW CONTINUE WITH THE MATERIAL
IN THE WORKBOOK.
40
BUILDING AN INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEM
People use and have always used drugs for a variety of reasons,
including escape from intolerable reality, release from physical
or emotional pain, and for religious ceremonies. Today, technology
has produced many new drugs to meet human physical and/or emotional
needs. At the same time, social and emotional pressures on the
individual have intensified, leading to the use and abuse of many
substances by people in all age categories and in all segments of
our society.
If you have developed a referral system such as that discussed
earlier in this workbook, your agency or department may be part of
a network of agencies that deliver drug-related services to your
community. Your referral system may have been operating for
some time. If so, your agency is aware of the need for updated:
information.
Objectives
In this section of the workbook, trainees will perform the following
tasks related to the development and use of an information sharing
system:
1. List at least twenty resources (local, state, and national)
for information exchange, such as treatment and rehabili-
tation programs, education and prevention programs, support
services, etc.
2. Identify at least three activities that will facilitate
information sharing between the home agency and the re-
source organizations.
ME
3. List at least three feasible ways in which human resources
can be shared between probation and parole, court personnel,
drug treatment programs and institutional treatment pro-
grams, and describe how such a sharing of personnel can
be beneficial to both types of organizations.
INFORMATION NEEDS
The need for new and accurate information about drugs and drug-
related problems is influenced by many factors:
Legitimate drug-producing companies (in a highly competitive
market) constantly develop new drugs and medications.
41
• Our chemically oriented society approves the legitimate use
of many substances to promote physical and psychological
well-being.
• "On the street" an incredible variety of substances are in-
gested, sniffed, smoked, or injected to produce a multitude
of physical and/or emotional or psychological reactions.
• Results of research studies are being printed concerning the
effects of use of many substances and the value of different
modes of treatment, thus constantly increasing the amount of
information available.
• Legislation and court decisions have an impact on official
policies.
New drug-related correctior al programs are continually being
established, and changes are taking place within and among
other programs and agencies.
To provide the highest quality service to the drug abusing offender
and to the community at large, the knowledge, skills, and team-
work of the staff must keep pace with new developments.
Here are some basic categories of information relating to drug
problems:
● Pharmacology and physical health needs of drug abusers
• Mental health services (psychotherapy, counseling, etc.)
• Societal responses to drug use/abuse (values and attitudes
about drugs, cultural differences, etc.)
Judicial and correctional responses to drug use/abuse
• Legal aspects of drug use/abuse:
and policies
The challenge is awesome: to get and make use of the most current
information and expertise available in each of these areas. To
help you meet this challenge, a number of information sources are
cited here.
INFORMATION SOURCES
legislation, regulations,
An abundance of material is available--in print and in audio-
visual form--on drugs and drug-related problems. To help you
obtain these meterials, we have grouped the sources according to
national, state, and local categories.
42
At the national level, there are several excellent sources of
printed information that cover one or more of the basic areas
of drug problems mentioned above.
You may already be on the mailing lists for publications form
some of these sources.
Directory of Criminal Justice Information Sources
This is a publication of the National Institute of Law
Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration, U.S. Department of Justice. The Directory
has over 150 listings of agencies and organizations that
provide information relating to criminal justice and law
enforcement. The listings include the agency's name, address
and telephone number, agency head, staff contact, agency
objectives and activities, information services, information
resources, publications, and costs.
This Directory can be obtained by writing to:
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C.
20402
Stock Number: 027-000-00466-1
National Criminal Justice Reference Service
The Service has been in operation since 1972 providing
information on law enforcement and criminal justice. The
service acquires, indexes, abstracts, stores, retrieves, and
distributes reports and information essential to help improve
the functioning of the criminal justice system. As a part of
the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice
(NILECJ), the service offers a variety of references and in-
formation including:
Selective Notification of Information
Reference and Information Services
Bibliographies
Document Retrieval Index
Microfiche
Cost: $2.35
Current Awareness Materials
Document Loan Program
Translations
Other Services
The Address is:
National Criminal Justice Reference Service
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
United States Department of Justice
P.O. Box 24036, S.W. Station
Washington, D.C. 20024
Telephone: (202) 755-9704
43
• Drug Enforcement Administration
The Drug Enforcement Administration, an agency under the
United States Department of Justice, enforces all federal
narcotics laws. It also encourages and aids communities in
creating drug abuse prevention organizations and programs
as well as advising industry on voluntary compliance with
regulatory laws. The administration provides information
on drug abuse, enforcement efforts, diversion efforts,
technology, and drug abuse prevention. Requests from the
general public are accepted. Publications include:
Drug Enforcement Magazine, quarterly
Microgram, Forensic Sciences Division, monthly newletter
Registrant Facts, quarterly newsletter
Drugs of Abuse, monograph
Fact Sheets, pamphlet
The Address is:
Preventive Programs Section
Office of Public Affairs
Drug Enforcement Administration
1405 Eye Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20537
Telephone: (202) 382-5706
National Clearinghouse for Drub Abuse Information
This agency is a part of the National Institute on Drug
Abuse of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
The Clearinghouse publishes a monthly newsletter and provides
a variety of information search and retrieval services.
The Address is:
National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information
P. O. Box 1908
Rockville, MD 20850
Telephone: (301) 443-4426
• The National Coordinating Council on Drug Education
The National Coordinating Council on Drug Education is the
largest private drug information network in the country.
Its member organizations (from the Boy Scouts to The American
Psychiatric Association), including six federal agencies,
work together toward specific goals: the evaluation of
drug education and information materials, sponsorship of
44
campaigns and programs, the dissemination of factual information
about all drugs including alcohol, and the identification of
effective programs.
The Address is:
National Coordinating Council on Drug Education
1526 18th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 332-1512
• The National Drug Abuse Center for Training and Resource
Development
This organization is funded by the National Institute on Drug
Abuse, to prepare training materials for workers in drug
programs, and related areas. (This curriculum was developed
at the Center.) Many of these materials are available at low
cost. A brochure of current materials will be sent on request.
The Address is:
National Drug Abuse Center for Training and Resource Development
1901 North Moore Street
Arlington, VA 22209
Telephone: (703) 524-4400
• Do It Now Foundation
The Do It Now Foundation accepts articles, pamphlets, and
multi-media packages for publication and dissemination on
many aspects of the drug field. The foundation maintains
an up-to-date list of local, free, street-drug-analysis
programs throughout the country and can provide guidance on
developing an analysis service in your local area. You can
get a complete listing of the foundation's publications by
writing to:
Do It Now Foundation
P. O. Box 5115
Phoenix, AZ 85010
Telephone: (602) 257-0797
45
• Pharm Chem Newsletter
The PharmChem Newsletter is published by PharmChem Laboratories,
and presents a regular street-drug-analysis report plus a
detailed discussion of a particular drug (history, pharmacolog-
ical, physiological, and psychological effects) in each issue.
The organization also offers to physicians, health facilities,
drug abuse centers, and the general public a street-drug-
analysis service called "Analysis Anonymous. This service
will analyze samples of substances mailed anonymously (the
sender makes up a five-digit code number, calls three or
four days later, gives the code number, and gets the report)
from anywhere in the world.
"1
The Address is:
PharmChem Newsletter
PharmChem Laboratories
1848 Bay Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Telephone:
(415) 325-4466
Student Association for the Study of Hallucinogens--STASH
The Student Association for the Study of Hallucinogens, Inc.,
was organized and is solely controlled by students, the majority
of whom have had extensive involvement in, or contact with,
drug use. The association's primary purpose is the dissemina-
tion of unbiased and valid information about psychoactive drugs
and their use. Since many of the clinical, psychological,
and sociological issues surrounding unsupervised drug use have
not been resolved (and may never be), an important part of
STASH's program is the fostering of a critical attitude toward
scientific pronouncements in this area. STASH will provide a
list of their voluminous publications on request. Their major
contribution in the field is a total drug information service,
entitled Grassroots, published monthly in conjunction with
the National Coordinating Council on Drug Education.
The Address is:
STASH
118 S. Bedford Street
Madison, WI 53703
Telephone: (608) 251-4200
Č
46
• Drug Abuse Council
The Council is involved in some research on issues related
to drug abuse and provides reports and audio-visual materials
dealing with the problem.
The Address is:
Drug Abuse Council
1828 L Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: (202) 785-5200
NOW THAT YOU HAVE READ THE
MATERIAL ABOVE, COMPLETE THE
TASKS ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES.
47
INSTRUCTIONS
TASK FIVE
Do the following task. Do not proceed to any further task until
you have taken appropriate action.
Check to see if your program or agency receives publications from
all of the sources listed above. If the answer is "no," request
(through appropriate channels) to be put on the mailing list for
regular newsletters and other information from each of these
sources.
Date of task completion:
NOW THAT YOU HAVE COMPLETED TASK
FIVE, GO ON TO TASK SIX.
49
INSTRUCTIONS
TASK SIX
Do the following task. Do not proceed further in the workbook
until you have taken appropriate action.
If you receive publications from some of the sources noted,
make arrangements for members of the staff to see them regularly.
Newsletters might be routed routinely to staff members. If your
agency or program is large, and can show sufficient need, each
department may be able to justify having its own subscriptions
to one or more of these publications. For each publication, do
one of the following:
• Make routing arrangements; or
Make and post a schedule for staff members to read publications
in the hospital library; or
• Request subscriptions to one or more of the publications for
specific staff members.
Date of task completion:
NOW CONTINUE WITH THE MATERIAL
IN THE WORKBOOK.
51
SINGLE STATE AGENCIES
TASK SEVEN
By law, each state has identified one state office as the coor-
dinating point for all drug-related programs, the Single State
Agency (SSA) and one State Planning Agency for Criminal Justice
(SPA). In the appendix of this workbook, you will find a listing
of SSA's and SPA's for each state.
The typical SPA or SSA has a list of publications and a library
of audio-visual materials that may be borrowed at little or no
cost.
INSTRUCTIONS
Do the following task. Do not proceed to other workbook tasks
until you have taken appropriate action.
Find your Single State Agency and your State Planning Agency on
the list in the appendix. Write a letter, or telephone these
agencies now. Ask for lists of publications and materials, and
request to be placed on each agency's mailing list.
Date of task completion:
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
53
INTERAGENCY MEETINGS
Interagency meetings have become recognized as useful ways to
build contacts among subject-related programs. Our interest here
is to have a representative of your agency or program attend
regularly any local interagency meetings related to drug use and
offender treatment. There are two considerations involved:
TASK EIGHT
1. To locate and be notified of such drug-related interagency
meetings.
2. To be sure a staff member attends regularly.
INSTRUCTIONS
Do the following task. Do not proceed further in the workbook
until you have taken appropriate action.
Step One
Call as many local treatment programs and criminal justice agencies
in your referral file as necessary to get information on a local
interagency meeting of programs related to drug treatment and
offender treatment. (If you discover no such program, why not
take the initiative and start one? In this way you could provide
a real service to the community.)
Get in touch with the meeting coordinator and arrange to have a
staff member attend.
The date and the place of the next interagency meeting are:
Step Two
Contact other staff members to identify someone who is interested
(and appropriate) to attend the interagency meetings. The assign-
ment may be rotated among several staff members, although this
makes reminders of meeting dates a heavier responsibility.
The staff member who will attend the next interagency meeting is:
Date of task completion:
55
CONCLUSION
This workbook was designed to help you meet two goals:
1. To expand and enhance the list of available resources that
deal with drug treatment and re-entry referral.
2. To encourage and aid in the development of referral skills
for drug treatment and criminal justice staff so as to assure
greater utilization of these resources.
If you have stuck with and completed the tasks in the workbook,
you have a good start toward an organized approach to a referral
system and an information sharing system. All that remains is
the day-to-day plodding and maintenance. We encourage you to
continue.
57
ALABAMA
Robert G. Davis, Director, Alabama Law Enforcement Planning
Agency, 2863 Fairlane Drive, Executive Park, Building F,
Suite 49, Montgomery, Alabama 36111; (205) 277-5440
ALASKA
Charles Adams, Executive Director, Office of Criminal Justice
Planning, Pouch AJ, Juneau, Alaska 99801; (907) 465-3535
AMERICAN SAMOA
Jody O'Connor, Director, Criminal Justice Planning Agency,
Government of American Samoa, P. O. Box 7, Pago Pago, American
Samoa 96799; Pago Pago 633-5222
ARIZONA
Ernesto G. Munoz, Executive Director, Arizona State Justice
Planning Agency, Continental Plaza Building, 5119 North
19th Avenue, Suite M, Phoenix, Arizona 85015; (602) 271-5466
ARKANSAS
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE CRIMINAL
JUSTICE PLANNING ADMINISTRATORS
Directory of the States
Gerald W. Johnson, Director, Arkansas Crime Commission, Room
1000, University Tower Building, 12th & University, Little
Rock, Arkansas 72204; (501) 371-1305
CALIFORNIA
Douglas Cunningham, Executive Director, Office of Criminal
Justice Planning, 7171 Bowling Drive, Sacramento, California
95823; (916) 445-9156
COLORADO
Paul G. Quinn, Executive Director, Division of Criminal
Justice, 1313 Sherman Street, Room 400-D, Denver, Colorado
80220; (303) 892-3331
CONNECTICUT
William H. Carbone, Executive Director, Planning Committee
on Criminal Administration, 75 Elm Street, Hartford, Connecticut
06115; (203) 566-3020
DELAWARE
Christine Harker, Executive Director, Governor's Commission
on Criminal Justice, 1228 North Scott Street, Wilmington,
Delaware 19806; (302)
571-3430
59
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
August Milton, Jr., Acting Director, Office of Criminal
Justice Plans and Analysis, Munsey Building, Suite 200,
1329 E Street, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20004; (202) 629-5063
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
GUAM
Charles Davoli, Bureau Chief, Bureau of Criminal Justice
Planning and Assistance, Bryant Building, 620 South Meridian
Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32304; (904) 488-6001
Jim Higdon, Administrator, State Crime Commission, Suite 625,
3400 Peachtree Road, N. E., Atlanta, Georgia 30326; (404) 894-4410
Alfred F. Sablan, Director, Territorial Crime Commission,
Office of the Governor, Agana, Guam 96910; Guam, 472-8781
HAWAII
IDAHO
IOWA
Irwin Tanaka, Director, State Law Enforcement and Juvenile
Delinquency Planning Agency, 1010 Richards Street, Kamamalu
Building, Room 412, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813; (808) 548-4572
Dale Hyle, Acting Director, Law Enforcement Planning Commission,
State House, Annex No. 3, Boise, Idaho 83707; (208) 384-2364
ILLINOIS
James B. Zagel, Executive Director, Illinois Law Enforcement
Commission, 120 South Riverside Plaze, Chicago, Illinois
60606; (312) 454-1560
INDIANA
Frank A. Jessup, Executive Director, Indiana Criminal Justice
Planning Agency, 215 N. Senate, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202;
(317) 633-4773
Allen R. Way, Executive Director, Iowa Crime Commission,
3125 Douglas Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa 50310; (515) 281-3241
KANSAS
Thomas E. Kelly, Director, Governor's Committee on Criminal
Administration, 503 Kansas Avenue, 2nd Floor, Topeka, Kansas
66603; (913) 296-3066
KENTUCKY
Ronald J. McQueen, Administrator, Executive Office of Staff
Services, Department of Justice, 209 St. Clair Street, 3rd
Floor, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601; (502) 564-3251
LOUISIANA
Wingate M. White, Executive Director, Louisiana Commission
on Law Enforcement and Administration of Criminal Justice,
1885 Wooddale Boulevard, Room 615, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
70806; (504) 389-7178
60
MAINE
Ted Trott, Executive Director, Maine Law Enforcement Planning
and Assistance Agency, 11 Parkwood Drive, Augusta, Maine
04330, (207) 289-3361
MARYLAND
Richard C. Wertz, Executive Director, Governor's Commission
on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, Executive
Plaza One, Suite 302, Cockeysville, Maryland 21030;
(301) 666-9610
MASSACHUSETTS
Robert J. Kane, Executive Director, Committee on Criminal
Justice, 110 Tremont Street, 4th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts
02108; (617) 727-5497
MICHIGAN
Noel Bufe, Director, Office of Criminal Justice Programs,
Lewis Cass Building, Second Floor, Lansing, Michigan 48913;
(517) 373-3992
MINNESOTA
Jacqueline O'Donoghue, Executive Director, Governor's
Commission on Crime Prevention and Control, 6th Floor,
444 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101; (612) 296-3133
or 296-3052
MISSISSIPPI
Latrell Ashley, Executive Director, Mississippi Criminal
Justice Planning Division, Office of the Governor, 723 N.
President Street, Jackson, Mississippi 39202; (601) 354-4111
MISSOURI
Jay Sondhi, Executive Director, Missouri Council on Criminal
Justice, P.O. Box 1041, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101;
(314) 751-3432
MONTANA
Michael Lavin, Executive Director, Board of Crime Control,
1336 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601; (406) 449-3604
NEBRASKA
Harris R. Owens, Executive Director, Nebraska Commission
on Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, State Capitol
Building, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 (402) 471-2194
NEVADA
James A. Barrett, Director, Commission on Crime, Delinquency
and Corrections, 430 Jeanell, Capitol Complex, Carson City,
Nevada 89710; (702) 885-4405
61
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Roger J. Crowley, Director, Governor's Commission on Crime
and Delinquency, 169 Manchester Street, Concord, New Hampshire
03301; (603) 271-3601
NEW JERSEY
John J. Mullaney, Executive Director, Law Enforcement
Planning Agency, 3535 Quaker Bridge Road, Trenton,
New Jersey 08625; (609) 292-3741
NEW MEXICO
Charles E. Becknell, Executive Director, Governor's Council
on Criminal Justice Planning, 425 Old Santa Fe Trail,
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501; (505) 827-5222
NEW YORK
Henry Dogin, Director, State of New York, Division of
Criminal Justice Services, 80 Centre Street, 4th Floor
New York, New York 10013; (212)
488-4868
NORTH CAROLINA
Gordon Smith, Acting Administrator, North Carolina Department
of Natural and Economic Resources, Law and Order Division,
P.O. Box 27687, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611; (919) 733-7974
NORTH DAKOTA
Oliver Thomas, Director, North Dakota Combined Law Enforcement
Council, Box B, Bismark, North Dakota 58501; (701) 224-2594
OHIO
Bennett J. Cooper, Deputy Director, Administration of Justice
Division, 30 East Broad Street, 26th Floor, Columbus, Ohio
43215; (614) 466-7610
OKLAHOMA
Donald D. Bown, Director, Oklahoma Crime Commission,
3033 N. Walnut, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105; (405) 521-2821
OREGON
Keith Stubblefield, Administrator, Executive Department,
Law Enforcement Council, 2001 Front Street, N. E., Salem,
Oregon 97310; (503) 378-4347
PENNSYLVANIA
Thomas J. Brennan, Executive Director, Governor's Justice
Commission, Department of Justice P.0. Box 1167, Federal
Square Station, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120; (717) 787-2042
62
PUERTO RICO
Adrian Medina, Acting Director, Puerto Rico Crime Commission,
GPO Box 1256, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00936; (809) 783-0398
RHODE ISLAND
Patrick J. Fingliss, Executive Director, Rhode Island
Governor's Justice Commission, 197 Taunton Avenue, East
Providence, Rhode Island 02914; (401) 227-2620
SOUTH CAROLINA
Lee M. Thomas, Executive Director, Office of Criminal Justice
Programs, Edgar A. Brown State Office Building, 1205 Pendleton
Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29201; (803) 758-3573
SOUTH DAKOTA
Randolph J. Seiler, Director, South Dakota State Criminal
Justice Commission, 200 West Pleasant Drive, Pierre, South
Dakota 57501; (605) 224-3665
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
Harry Mansfield, Director, Tennessee Law Enforcement Planning
Agency, Browning-Scott Building, 4950 Linbar Drive, Nashville,
Tennessee 37211; (615) 741-3521
Robert Flowers, Executive Director, Crim. Jus. Div., Off.
of the Governor, P.0. Box 1828, 411 W. 13th Street, Austin,
Texas 78701; (512) 457-4444
Robert B. Andersen, Director, Law Enforcement Planning
Agency, 255 South Third East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111;
(801) 533-5731
VERMONT
Forrest Forsythe, Executive Director, Governor's Commission
on the Administration of Justice, 149 State Street,
Montpelier, Vermont 05602; (802) 828-2351
VIRGINIA
Richard N. Harris, Director, Division of Justice and Crime
Prevention, 8501 Mayland Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23229;
(804) 786-7421
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Troy L. Chapman, Administrator, Virgin Islands Law Enforcement
Commission, Box 280, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin
Islands 00801; (809)
774-6400
63
WASHINGTON
Saul Arrington, Administrator, Law and Justice Planning
Office, Office of Community Development, Office of the
Governor, Olympia, Washington 98504; (206) 753-2235
WEST VIRGINIA
Gerald S. White,
S. White, Executive Director, Governor's Committee
on Crime, Delinquency and Correction, Morris Square, Suite
321, 1212 Lewis Street, Charleston, West Virginia 25301;
(304) 348-8814
WISCONSIN
Charles M. Hill, Sr., Executive Director, Wisconsin Council
on Criminal Justice, 122 West Washington Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53702; (608) 266-3323
WYOMING
William Penn, Administrator, Governor's Planning Committee
on Criminal Administration, Barrett Building, 4th Floor,
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002; (307) 777-7716
TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
Mr. Gerald Craddock, Acting Administrator, Justice Improvement
Commision, Office of the High Commissioner, Trust Territory
of the Pacific Islands, Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950
?
64
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STATE DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM COORDINATORS
ALABAMA
Commissioner Taylor Hardin, Department of Mental Health,
502 Washington Avenue, Montgomery 36104; (205) 265-2301 (Ext. 276)
George Culver, Director of Drug Abuse, Department of Mental
Health, 145 Molton Street, Montgomery 36104; (205) 265-2301 (Ext.294)
ALASKA
Mary Beth Hilburn, Coordinator, Department of Health and
Social Services, Office of Drug Abuse, Pouch H-01D, Juneau
99811; (907) 586-3585/3556
ARIZONA
State Directors & Coordinators
Donald Tatro, Ph.D., Assistant Director, Division of Behavioral
Health Program, 2500 East Van Buren, Phoenix 85008; (602) 271-3438
James F. Bailey, Chief, Community Programs, 2500 East Van
Buren, Phoenix 85008; (602) 271-3009
Suzanne Dandoy, Director, Department of Health Services,
1740 West Adams, Phoenix 85007
ARKANSAS
Frankie Wallingsford, Acting Director, Arkansas Office on Drug
Abuse Prevention, 4120 West Markham Street, Suite 100, Little
Rock 72205; (501) 371-2604
CALIFORNIA
Stuart Snyder, Executive Director, State Office of Narcotics
and Drug Abuse, 915 Capitol Mall, Room 235, Sacramento 95814;
(916) 322-3086
William Wilder, Manager of Program Operations, State Office
of Narcotics and Drug Abuse, 915 Capitol Mall, Sacramento 95814
COLORADO
Jeffrey Kushner, Director, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division,
Department of Health, 4210 East 11th Avenue, Denver 80220;
(303) 388-6111 (Ext. 227)
Ken Kirkwood, Assistant Director, Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Division, Department of Health, 4210 East 11th Avenue,
Denver 80220; (303) 388-6111 (Ext. 227)
65
CONNECTICUT
Roger Howard, Executive Director, Connecticut Drug Council,
Department of Mental Health, 90 Washington Street, Hartford
06115; (203) 566-3650
Dr. Eric Plant, Department of Mental Health/CT Drug Council,
90 Washington Street, Hartford, 06115
DELAWARE
William B. Merrill, Chief, Bureau of Substance Abuse, Governor
Bacon Health Center, Delaware City 19706; (302) 834-8850/8851
FLORIDA
Frank D. Nelson, Director, Drug Abuse Program, 1323 Winewood
Boulevard, Tallahassee 32301; (904) 487-1930
GEORGIA
Commissioner T.M. Parham, Georgia Department of Human Resources,
47 Trinity Avenue, S.W., Room 620-S, Atlanta 30334;
(404) 656-5680
Dr. William Allerton, Director, Division of Mental Health-
Mental Retardation, 47 Trinity Avenue, Room 535, Health
Building, Atlanta 30334
John H. Magill, Assistant Division Director, Alcohol &
Drug Section, Division of M.H./M.R., GA Dept. of Human
Resources, 618 Ponce de Leon Ave., N.E., Atlanta 30308;
(404) 894-4785
HAWAII
Timothy I. Wee, Branch Chief, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Branch,
1270 Queen Emma Street, Room #404, Honolulu 96813; (808) 548-7655
IDAHO
Charles E. Burns, Director, Bureau of Substance Abuse, De-
partment of Health and Welfare, 700 West State, Basement,
Boise 83720; (208) 384-3920
ILLINOIS
Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, Jr., Director, Illinois Dangerous
Drugs Commission, 300 North State Street, Suite 1500, Chicago
60610; (312) 822-9860
INDIANA
William F. Griglak, Director, Division of Addiction Services,
Department of Mental Health, 5 Indiana Square, Indianapolis
46204; (317) 633-4477
66
IOWA
Leslie G. Brody, Director, Iowa Drug Abuse Authority, Suite
230, Liberty Building, 418 Sixth Avenue, Des Moines 50319;
(515) 281-4633
KANSAS
Curtis E. Hartenberger, Director, Alcoholism and Drug Abuse,
2700 West Sixth Street, Biddle Building, Topeka 66606;
(913) 296-3925
KENTUCKY
William P. McElwain, M.D., Commissioner, Bureau for Health
Services, 275 East Main Street, Frankfort 40601; (502) 564-3970
Howard Rosenberg, Supervisor, Drug Abuse Section, 275 East
Main Street, Frankfort 40601; (502) 564-7610
LOUISIANA
Wayne Heap, Director, Health & Human Resources Administration,
Division of Hospitals, 200 Lafayette Street, Baton Rouge,
70801; (504) 389-2534
MAINE
Cal Bankston, Coordinator, Health & Human Resources Ad-
ministration, Division of Hospitals, 200 Lafayette Street,
Baton Rouge 70801; (504) 389-2506
Michael Fulton, Acting Director, Office of Alcoholism and Drug
Abuse Prevention, Bureau of Rehabilitation, 32 Winthrop
Street, Augusta 04330; (207) 289-2781
MARYLAND
Richard L. Hamilton, Coordinator, Maryland State Drug Abuse
Administration, 201 West Preston Street, Baltimore 21201;
(301) 383-3959
MASSACHUSETTS
Malcolm Johnson, Director of Inter-Agency Liaison, Division
of Drug Rehabilitation, 190 Portland Street, Boston 02114;
(617) 727-5890
Leon Brill, Director, Division of Drug Rehabilitation, De-
partment of Mental Health, 190 Partland Street, Boston #2114;
(617) 727-5890
MICHIGAN
Mary Beth Collins, Administrator, Office of Substance Abuse
Services, 3500 North Logan Street, Lansing 48914; (517) 373-8600
67
MICHIGAN con't
Maurice S. Reizen, M.D., Director, Office of Substance Abuse
Services, 3500 North Logan Street, Lansing 48913 (517) 373-8600
MINNESOTA
James T. Wrich, Executive Director, Alcohol & Drug Abuse
Section, Dept. of Public Welfare, 4th Floor Centennial Bldg.,
658 Cedar, St. Paul 55155 (612) 296-4610
MISSISSIPPI
Dr. W. L. Jaquith, Executive Director, Mississippi Department
of Mental Health, 600 Lee State Office Building, Jackson
39201; (601) 354-6132
Harold Armstrong, Director, Division of Alcohol & Drug Abuse,
Department of Mental Health, Lee State Office Building,
Jackson 39201; (601) 354-7640
MISSOURI
William D. Lerner, M. D., Director, Division of Alcoholism
and Drug Abuse, 2002 Missouri Boulevard, P.O. Box 687,
Jefferson City 65101; (314) 751-4942
Marion J. Craney, Assistant Director, Division of Alcoholism
and Drug Abuse, 2002 Missouri Boulevard, P.O. Box 687,
Jefferson City 65101; (314) 751-4942
MONTANA
George L. Swartz, Drug Coordinator, Addictive Diseases Unit,
Capitol Station, Helena 59601; (406) 449-2827
NEBRASKA
Carol Ann Winger, Acting Executive Director, Nebraska
Commission on Drugs, P.O. Box 94726 Lincoln 68509; (402) 471-2691
NEVADA
Roger S. Trounday, Director, Department of Human Resources,
6th Floor Kinkead Building, 505 East King Street, Carson
City 89710; (702) 885-4790
Paul Cohen, Chief, Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department
of Human Resources, 505 East King Street, Carson City
89710; (702) 885-4790
NEW HAMPSHIRE
George Tice, Drug Abuse Coordinator, Office of the Governor,
3 Capitol Street, Room 405, Concord 03301; (603) 271-2754
68
NEW JERSEY
Richard J. Russo, MSPH, Director, Division of Narcotic and
Drug Abuse Control, P.O. Box 1540, Trenton 08608;
(609) 292-5760
NEW MEXICO
Edward Deaux, Director, Drug Division, Deaprtment of Hospitals
and Institutions, 113 Washington Avenue, Santa Fe 87501;
(505) 988-8951
NEW YORK
Daniel Klepak, Commissioner, New York State Office of Drug
Abuse Services, Executive Park South, Box 8200, Albany
12203; (518) 457-2061
NORTH CAROLINA
F. E.
(Roy) Epps, Director, North Carolina Drug Commission
(919) 733-4555; Mailing address: P.0.Box 19324,
P.0.Box 19324, Raleigh 27609
NORTH DAKOTA
Richard Elefson, Director, Division of Alcoholism and Drug
Abuse, State Department of Health, 909 Basin Avenue,
Bismarck 58505; (701) 224-2767
OHIO
Timothy B. Moritz, M.D., 30 East Broad Street, State Office
Tower, Room 1182, Columbus 43215; (614) 466-2337
Melvin Zwissler, Ph.D., Chief, Bureau of Drug Abuse, 30 East
Broad Street, State Office Tower, Room 1352, Columbus, 43215;
(614) 466-7604
OKLAHOMA
Hayden H. Donahue, M.D., Director, State Department of Mental
Health, P.0. Box 53277, Capitol Station, Oklahoma City
73105; (405) 521-2811
Charles Wright, RSW, Coordinator, Drug Abuse Services, State
Department of Mental Health, P.0. Box 53277, Capitol Station,
Oklahoma City, 73105; (405) 521-2811
OREGON
Dr. J. Donald Bray, Division Administrator, Mental Health
Division, 2575 Bittern Street, N.E., Salem 97301; (503) 378-2671
Richard R. Runyon, Assistant Administrator, Programs for
Alcohol and Drug Problems, Mental Health Division, 2575
Bittern Street, N.E., Salem 97301; (503) 378-2163
Clark Crum, Coordinator of Drug Problems, Mental Health
Division, 2575 Bittern Street, N.E., Salem 97310; (503) 378-2163
69
PENNSYLVANIA
Gary F. Jensen, Executive Director, Governor's Council for
Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Riverside Office, Building #1,
2101 North Front Street, Harrisburg 17120; (717) 787-9857
RHODE ISLAND
Dr. Joseph Bevilacqua, Director, Department of Mental Health,
Retardation and Hospitals, Aime Forand Building, 600 New
London Avenue, Cranston 02920; (401) 464-3201
SOUTH CAROLINA
William J. McCord, Director, South Carolina Commission on
Alcohol and Drug Abuse, P.O. Box 4616, Columbia 29240;
(803) 758-2521/2183
Richard H. Freeman, Assistant Director, Division of Sub-
stance Abuse, Aime Forand Building, 600 New London Avenue,
Cranston 02920; (401) 464-3201
SOUTH DAKOTA
Roger Merriman, Director, Division of Drugs and Substance
Control, Department of Health, Foss Building, Pierre 57501;
(605) 224-3123
TENNESSEE
Leon S. Joyner, Acting Dir., Alcohol & Drug Abuse Section,
Tenn. Dept. of Mental Health/Mental Retardation, 501 Union
Street, Nashville 37219; (615) 741-1921
TEXAS
UTAH
Gerard M. Vasquez, Director, Texas Department of Community
Affairs, Drug Abuse Prevention Division, P.O. Box 13166,
Austin 78711; (512) 475-6351
Jim Riley, Assistant Director, Texas Department of Community
Affairs, Drug Abuse Prevention Division, P.O. Box 13166,
Austin 78711; (512) 475-6351
Robert Christiansen, Director, Utah State Division of
Alcoholism and Drugs, 554 South 300 East, Salt Lake City
84111; (801) 533-6532
VERMONT
James Leddy, Director, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division,
Department of Social & Rehabilitative Services, State
Office Building, Montpelier 05602; (802) 828-2721
70
VIRGINIA
Dr. A. Mort Casson, Assistant Commissioner, Division of
Substance Abuse, State Department of Mental Health and
Mental Retardation, P.O. Box 1797, Richmond 23214;
(804) 786-5313
WASHINGTON
Howard Senter, Administrator, Drug Abuse Prevention Office,
Office of Community Development, 400 Capitol Center Building,
Olympia 98504; (206) 753-3073
WEST VIRGINIA
M. Mitchell Bateman, M.D., West Virginia Department of Mental
Health, State Capitol, Charleston 25305; (304) 348-3211
Mr. Ray Washington, Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, State
Capitol, Charleston 25305 (304) 348-3616
WISCONSIN
Larry Monson, ACSW, Drug ABuse Program Coordinator, Bureau
of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, One West Wilson Street, Room
523, Madison 53702 (608) 266-7010
WYOMING
Cone J. Munsey, Ed.D., Chief, Mental Health and Mental Re-
tardation Services, Hathaway Building, Cheyenne 82002;
(307) 777-7351
Mr. Robert L. Adams, Director, Drug Abuse Programs, Hathaway
Building, Cheyenne 82002 (307) 777-7351
71
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Donald Aronson, Director, Addiction Services Branch, Department
of Human Resources, 614 H Street, N.W., Room 713, Washington,
D.C. 20001 (202) 737-7365/7366
Jacqueline E. Johnson, Assistant Director, Office of State
Agency Affairs, Munsey Building, 1329 E Street, N.W.,
Room 1023, Washington, D.C., 20004; (202) 347-3512
PUERTO RICO
Sra. Sila Nazario de Ferrer, Secretary, Department of
Addiction Services, P.O. Box B-Y, Piedras Station, Rio
Piedras 00928; (809) 764-8189
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Dr. George A. Moorehead, Executive Director, Commission on
Alcoholism and Narcotics, Department of Health, Third Floor,
Franklin Building, P.0. Box 3668, Charlotte Amalie, St.
Thomas 00801; (809) 774-6909
GUAM
Mr. Thomas P. Skouros, Guam Memorial Hospital, Box AX, Agana
96910
AMERICAN SAMOA
The Director, Department of Medical Services, Pago Pago,
American Samoa 96799
MARIANAS ISLANDS
Dr. Masao Kumangai, Director, Health Services, HICOMHDQTRS,
Saipan 96950
Lawrence G. Wilson, M.D., Dept. of Health Services,
Division of Mental Health, Trust Territoy, Saipan 96950
✩U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978-650-063/2611
72
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 01939 4744
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