º š. * :* º º: : 3. sº ſº §§ º * . *...* * "...'… ." º ºf 's ..","...s univ. of Michioan, . . " - | | on the - - - - . *. - - ." - ~, - - - - - - - tº Ann Arbor Water Works by 2. GARDNER Sº WILLIAMS, M. Am. Soc. C. E. S. - º Consulting Engineer. Ann Arbor, Michigan JANUARY, 1912 | : !} } } - Aa- - *-*. - - - - - --~~ * * * * ~ * > * Lºa' *__*-*. A. -* ~ --~~~~ * *-*-*- A -------~~~----------- ~r w. -- --~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * ~~~~ *...* . - - . . . . . . * - . - - ‘. . . . . ...?-? . . . . . . - -- $. . . . . . . - , , , - :** . . " - : . - * …x: --o-º- ------ --------- Gºat- - ºul------------C*-*- ----ºn - - - - - - - - MAP DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Ann ArtEOrt wºrer COMPANY Prºpºrea ºw Gardner s... williams. Consulting Engineer. Ann Arbor. Mºhigan Seale - - -- - - - - - - - a - - - sº ** - - * * * * . - ------ ... ." ... • * * * * * - • * - ; * ; ſº ºs Engin. Librar, ANS , º&#- UUT S. CONTENTS. PAGE Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Map of Distribution System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plate I Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Letter of Transmittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * 1. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ristory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Construction and Early Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Hamilton Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Receivership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1898 to 1912 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Contemplated Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Physical Property to be Valued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–8 Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ~ Pumping Station Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Water Supply of Station Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Pumping Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Water Supply of Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Principles of Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 1 0 Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 "Constitutional Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Market Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Incomplete Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 No Market Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - Actual Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Reproduction Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Going Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Earning Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Service and Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10–11 Quality of the Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ASSessed Annual Water Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–13 The Cost of Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Going Concern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Voucher Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Book Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Values of Earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-2 f At Station Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 At Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Supplementary Report on Extensions and Improvements . . . . . . . . . 33-3S Tuetter of Transmittal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * e a * * * * * * * * * * * 33 Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33-34 Present Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 263373 Present Purification Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 - Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Other Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Steere Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The Most Available Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Distribution System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-36 The Present System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Criticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 New Force Main . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Fifth Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Elevated Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Minor Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Replacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . t. .. 36 Cost of Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Municipal Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–38 The Company’s Offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Outstanding Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 'FIydrant Rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Bonding and Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 T’ersonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Cost of New System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Supplementary Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Table I Cast Iron Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Table II. Wrought Iron Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table III. Cast Iron Pipe in Easy Digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Printed Table IV. Cast Iron Pipe in Medium Digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Printed Table V. Cast Iron Pipe in Hard Digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Printed Table VI. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Table VII. Meters Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . 21 Table VIII. Meters on Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Printed Table IX. Distribution System Summary Tables I to VIII . . . . . . . . . . 21 Table X. Cost Summary of Table IX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Table XI. Feservoir . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * a e s e s tº s e s is $ $ tº s tº is is tº e º is tº * * 22 Table XII. Pumping Station Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 Table XIII. Pumping Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Table XIV. Real Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Table XV. Office Records, Furniture, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Table XVI. Supplies, Materials and Tools, Station Number 1 . . * . . . 26 Table XVII. Supplies, Material and Tools, Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . 26 Appendix I. An Ordinance Relative to Water Works . . . . . . . . . . 26 – 29 AppendiX II. Pipe Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 – 30 Appendix III. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-31 Table I. Miscellaneous Machinery and Fittings at Station Number 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table II. Miscellaneous Machinery and Fittings at Station Number 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Table III. Pipes, Valves and Fittings at Station Number 1 30 Table IV. Pipes, Valves and Fittings at Stalion Number 2 31 Table V. Piping to Suction Well, River Shaft and Purifica- tion Plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Appendix IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31-33 Table 1. Water Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . § 1 \ Table II. Outside Piping to Wells at Station Number 1 . . 32 Table III. Outside Piping to Wells at Station Number 2 . . 32 Table TV. Purification Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 & Valuation and Extension OF THE ANN ARBOR WATER WORKS BY GARDNER S. WILLIAMS, Consulting Engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich., Jan, 2, 1912. To the Honorable, the Mayor and Common Council of the City of Ann Arbor, Michigan: Sirs— “In accordance with an agreement entered into on July 14, 1911, With Alderman Manwaring, representing your water works committee, I have the honor to submit here with, a re- port showing the estimated value of the plant, business and franchise of the Ann Arbor Water CO mpany () In December 31, 1911, exclusive of Val- ues due to anticipated growth, Cash on hand and in banks, and bills I e- ceivable, and assuming in debtedness paid, to be not less than $600,000. “I find the cost of reproduction of the physical property of the Ann Ar- bor Water company, new as of De- cember 31, 1911, including stores, tools and supplies on hand, but ex- clusive of cash on hand and in banks, and bills receivable, to be $531,934. “I find the present value of the physical property of the Ann Arbor Water company based on the cost of reproduction less depreciation to be $504,873. “I find the cost of developing the going concern to have been riot less than $34,879, which, added to the value by reproduction less deprecia- tion, gives a present value , of the physical properties exclusive of earn- ings, of not less than $539,752. “I find the cost of the physical plant as shown by the Vouchers and annual reports of the company to be $538,517. ‘‘I find the value of the physical plant as shown by the books of the company to be $529,528.86. “I find the value of the plant, busi- ness and franchise of the Ann Arbor Water company, based on the ear’i- ing of the fiscal year, ending March 31, 1911, to be $555,590. ‘‘I find the value of the plant, busi- ness and franchise Of the Ann Arbor Water company based on the earn- ings for the calendar year 1911, to be $676,217. “These findings are presented in de- tail in the accompanying report which IS SITS, Very respectfully submitted, GARD- NER S. WILLIAMS, Consulting En- glneer. THE v.ALUATION Of the Plant, Business and Franchise of the Ann Arbor Water Co., Introduction. This report embraces an inventory of the Physical Property of the Ann Arbor Water Company, which is pre- sented in detail in Tables I to XVII inclusive, and an analysis and esti- mate of the intangible value of its 2. developed Business and its Françhise presented on pages 7 to 51. The sources of information utilized in the preparation of this report have been : (1) The books, vouchers and rec- ords of the Ann Arbor Water Com- pany. x (2) The records of the Office of the City Engineer of Ann Arbor. (3) Investigations and Reports of Professor M. E. Cooley to the Ann Arbor Water Company. (4) Surveys and investigations nade by the writer for the Eastern Michigan Edison Company, - (5) Personal examination of Plant and surroundings by the writer and his corps of assistants. Acknowledgements. The writer would take this oppor- tunity for expressing his appreciation of the uniform courtesy with which he and his assistants have been met by all with whom they have come in contact during the investigation, and would testify particularly to the fact that no reluctance has been shown to furnishing all information for which request has been made, even though some of it might be very properly considered of a purely personal na– ture. CHRONOLOGY. Construction Period. 1885-1886. Franchise, and Contract agreed upon • * e º e s tº a º 'º a tº e s a º . . May 6th, 1885. Franchise and Contract adopted by City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 1st, 1885. Plant Constructed . . . . . . . . 1885–1886, Station No. 1. Brick Building. 75 foot Brick Stack. 1.8 Mil. Gal. Knowles Pump. 125 H. P. Boiler. Heservoir. About 14 miles of distributing Mains. Plant began operation . . . . . . . . 1886 Hamilton’s Management, 1886-1893. Bonded Indebtedness, $ $150,000 1886. Stock paid up, $50,000 . . . . Jan. 1889. Additions to Station No. 1. 1889-1890. 2 Mil. Gal. Gordon Pump. 125 H. P. Boiler. 15 feet added to stack. Gordon Condenser. Gordon Condenser Room. Additional Water Supply. New Collecting Basin. Stock increased to $100,000 Jan. 1890. Additional Bonds Authorized . . . . . . . Mar., 1891. 13.47 Miles of Mains added 1887-1893. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1893-1898. $163,000 1893. The Receivership, Bonded Indebtedness, Stock Authorized, $100,000 . . . . 1893. Additions to Station No. 1. . . . . 1894. 1.5 Mil. Gal. Blake Pump in Base- ment. Sewer system constructed and flush tanks connected, 1894-5. Shaft at Station No. 1, 1895. Station No. 2 (Washington St.) constructed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1896-7. Frane Building. * 1.5 Mil. Gal. Deane Pump. 125 H. P. Boiler. 100 foot Iron Stack. $ 5.2 Miles of Street Main added 1893-8. Reorganization of Company . . . 1898. The Present Management, 1898-1912. Bonded Indebtedness, Stock paid up, $87,500, . . . . . . . . Additions to Station No. 2 . . . . 1900–1 2 Mil. Gal. Deane . Pump. 125 H. P. Boiler. New Bond Issue of $350,000 *. ized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901. New Main from Station NO 2 to Main St. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1902 New Stack at Station No. 2. . . . . 1904 Fiver Shaft at Station No. 1. . . 1905. Shafts Nos. 1–6 at Station No. 2. . . . . 1904-1907. Stock increased to $100,000, . . . . . . . . April, 1906. Replaced large Deane by Laidlaw- Dunn-Gordon in Station No. 2 . 1907. Replaced 2nd Boiler in Station No. 1, 1908. No. 2, 1908 sº a tº º is g º is a ſe a s ſº a s gº is g g º º * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s s & s e º e s e º e s 6 tº e s a e s e g * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mar., 1910. Purification Plant installed, Dec. 1910. Additions to Station No. 1, . . . . 1910. Ozone and Compressor Room. Filter Pump Room. 3 Mil. Gal. Blake Pump. Site for Auxilliary Reservoir pur- Chased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911. Additions to Station No. 1, . . . . 1911. 3 Mil, Gal. Laidlaw-Dunn Gordon Pump. New Pump Room, 125 Horsepower Boiler. Added 1 foot to Stack. 14.9 miles of Street Mains added, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g a 4 tº 1898–1912. Bonded Indebtedness, $401,000 . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Jan., 1912. Stock paid up, $100,000 . . Jan., 1912. HISTORY Construction and Early Management. The Ann Arbor water works plant 3. was built in 1885-6 by the Ann Ar- bor Water company, in pursuance of a contract agreed to May 6, 1885, and incorporated in “An ordinance relative to waterworks” passed - by the city council June 1, 1885; a copy of which ordinance is appended here- to as Appendix 1. Goodhue and Birnie of Springfield, Mass., were the contractors, and Prof. Charles E. Greene of the University of Michigan was the engineer. Prior to and during construction Charles L. , Goodhue of Goodhue and Birnie, was president, but shortly thereafter the management was left to the local stockholders, Goodhue and Birnie gradually disposing of their holdings, , and Alexander W. Hamilton became president and superintendent. The bonded indebtedness of the or— iginal plant was $150,000, bearing Six per cent interest, and there was an issue of stock of $ 50,000. The Original contract was for 14 miles of pipe and for this Goodhue and Bir- nie received $190,000 and there were $10.000 of bonds unsold when the Works were turned over to the com- pany. It appears, therefore, that the bonds were sold at par, and the stock was fully paid. * The records of the original con- struction remained in the possession of Goodhue and Birnie, and were ultimately destroyed by a fire, which visited their offices in Springfield prior to 1893. From the completion of the plant until 1894 the information re- garding its operation can only be de- rived from the reports of Mr. Ham- ilton, the president and superinten- dent, and from an examination of the books made in 1894, which data, though in some particulars incom- plete, give a reasonable record of the progress, both structurally and finan- Čially. - The charges to construction were as follows: 1885, original contract. . . $190,000.00 1886, extension by report. 15,109, 1 1887, extension by report. 6, 46 6.05 1888, extension by report. 2,905.63 1889, extension by report. 12,761.81 1890, extension by report. 5,886, 52 1891, extension by report. 9,739.62 1892, extension by report. 9,232.96 Total to Jan. 1893, . . $252,101.70 The distribution system at that time, according to the superinten- N. * Secure. dent’s report for January, 1893, em- braced, 27.47 miles of street mains, showing that the pipe in the Streets Had been practically doubled since the completion of the Original Con- tract. A second pumping engine had been installed at Station No. 1, dur- ing this period, and considerable sums expended in developing additional Sources of Walter. In January, 1889, an increase of stock to $75,000 was authorized, and in January, 1890, a further increase to $100,000 was approved. In March, 1891, a second issue of bonds was provided for, of which $13,000 was sold prior to September, 1893. The Hamilton Assignment. This subject is one which the writer would gladly onit, but for the fact that reference is frequently made to it, and that he has himself On many occasions been the recipient of infor- mation concerning it from apparently reliable sources, which in the major- ity of cases, when traced to its origin is found to be based upon the recol- lection of a more or less intimate con- nection with events occurring some 18 years ago, or to be derived wholly from conversations on the Street Or casually overheard, and which in- formation, it may be added, has usu- ally proven to be incorrect. In Order therefore to remove So far as possible, such erroneous in pres– sions as may exist regarding this un- fortunate episode, the Writer n OW, once and for all, presents such facts in the matter, gathered from authori- tative sources, as should place it in a correct light. During the latter part of his con- nection With the water works, Mr. Hamilton, the president, whose hold- ings were the largest in the company, announting to over one-fourth of the entire Stock, became interested in mining ventures in the south, and in- vested the rein whatever ful n &S he Go II liſt As the amount he was able to raise by putting up his stock in the company as collateral was insuffi- Cient to meet the needs of the enter- prise, he resorted to the expedient of issuing additional stock crtificates and selling them, or putting them up to Secure loans wherever they would be accepted. In August, 1893, it be- Came apparent to Mr. Hamilton that he could no longer continue these op- erations and he accordingly assigned 4. to Dr. A. K. Hale, the next largest shareholder, his stock to the par Value of $27,000, which was then held as collateral by various creditors, the assignment being subject to the pri- Or claims of such creditors. Mr. John R. Miner was at once engaged to make an expert examina- tion of the books, and the following five years were devoted by Dr. Hale as receiver, to straightening out the tangle into which Hamilton had got- ten the affairs of the company. While the method of keeping the books Was far from what would be desired, there was nothing found by a most Careful examination to indicate that Hamilton had in any way attempted to cover up the diversion of funds from the company or the pledging of its credit. No claims were ever au- thenticated of payments to Hamilton On the Company’s account for which the books did not show proper cred- its. As a result of Mr. Miner's investi- gations there was found an apparent armount due the company from Ham- ilton, chiefly in stock held as collat- eral, of $38,471.54. Of this amount the receiver, with Mr. Hamilton’s as- Sistance, secured stock and bonds to the value of $24,050. This left a balance still due from Hamilton of $14,421.54. The receiver then made settlements with various creditors of the Company by which he cancelled $2,425.82 of outstanding indebtedness. This leaves the net loss to the plant as a result Of Hamilton’s management $11,995.72. Of the accounts can- celled $1,828.14 was chargeable to construction, $63.67 to maintenance, and $534.01 to operation. It appears then that instead of a loss to the company of nearly $40,- 000 as commonly supposed, the ac- tual deficit was less than $12,000, or slightly over two per cent of the cost of the property. None of the deficit appears as a charge against construc- tion or a part of the value of the plant on the books of the company. The Receivership. From September 11th, 1893, to May 5th, 1898, the property was operated by Dr. A. R. Hale as receiver, at which latter date the COmpany Wals reorganized, and the stock reduced to $87,500, after which the original six per cent bonds were refunded in five per cents from an issue of $225,000, the balance of which was taken by the local banks, At the close of the receivership the cost of the plant appeared as $286,- 624.17, to which might properly be added the value of materials going to construction for which settlement was made as before stated, announting to $1,828. 14, making the true cost of construction $288,452.31. The amount' of bonds outstanding was $174,000 and the stock paid in was $108,450, of which $23,050 was surrendered by Hamilton for cancellation, leaving the total of bonds and Stock Out- standing as $259,400 or $29,052.31 less than the charges to plant On the company’s books. At this time the original source of Supply had been outgrown, and con- siderably increased in the vicinity of the Old Station, and the new station on West Washington street was in service. Of street mains 21,477 feet had been laid since January, 1893, by which 3200 feet of small pipe was replaced by six and four inch; 2007 feet of mains were also laid to supply flush tanks, which brought the total mileage of pipe in the system to 32.67 miles, with 1833 Service Connections attached. 1898 to 1912. In December, 1901, a new bond is- Sue of $350,00 at five per cent was authorized, of which $225,000 was deposited with a trustee to retire the outstanding bonds of previous issues, and the balance placed with local banks at a small discount. Since the reorganization in 1898, the stock has been increased to $100,- 000 by the declaration on April 23th, 1906, of a stock dividend of $12,500, Which annount was at that time more than covered by the previous addi- tions to the plant from earnings. On March 30th, 1910, a new issue Of five per cent bonds announting to $650,000 was authorized and approv. ed by the state railroad commission. for the retirement of existing obliga.- . tions, and to provide for further ex- tensions of the works. The provi- sion of the mortgage securing these bonds is such that they can only be issued up to 85 per cent of the val- ue of the additions to the plant as certified to by Prof. M. E. Cooley, act- ing as the appraiser of the railway commission. At the present time there are Out- standing against the plant $401,000 of five per cent bonds, and $100,000 of fully paid stock. The total cost of 5. marketing bonds from the beginning of the receivership to date, includ- ing all discounts, has been only $4,- 256.19, or practically one per cent of the Value of the securities Outstand- ing, and this an Ount appears on the Company’s books as a charge against Operation. When it is recalled that properties of this kind ordinarily show promotion and bonding charges an Ounting to anywhere from five to 15 per cent of the face value of the Securities, and that these charges usu- ally appear as a part of the cost of the plant, the utter senselessness of any suggestion of watered securities in the present case must be apparent to all. Since the beginning of the receiver- ship there has been charged to main- tenance, exclusive of taxes and insur- ance, the sum of $26,691.89, which charges in many works, particularly those of municipalities, are incor- rectly placed . in the construction a C- Count. - Ljnder the new organization the distribution system has been largely extended and strengthened: small pipe to an amount representing an original cost of over $10,000 has been replaced by larger sizes; the Water supply at both stations has been in- creased and new machinery installied, and lands acquired for a reservoir in the eastern part of the city. Th 3 present system comprises a dis- tribution of 45 1-2 miles, a reservoir of 2,000,000 gallons capacity, two pumping stations with machinery of 10,000,000 gallons daily capacity, 3,- 630 service connections, 310 meters set, 252 fire hydrants and four Stand- pipes; and a water supply capable of yielding about 1,600,000 gallons of water daily, exclusive of that passing through the purification plant. To the mains are also connected 157 flush tanks operated by the city for the benefit of its sewer System, and four hydrants belonging to the University of Michigan. Contemplated Improvements. | During 1910 the company caused an investigation of the condition of its plant to be made by Prof. M. E. Cooley, who devoted several weeks with a corps of assistants, to the gathering and digesting of informa- tion as to pressures, amount Of Wa- ter supplied, losses of head in mains, etc. As a result of his investigations, extensions and improvements to the system estimated to cost $100,000 were recommended. In pursuance of the carrying out of these recommenda- tions a new high duty pumpin g engine of 3,000,000 was installed at Station No. 1, and began service June 22, 1911, and land was acquired as previously stated, for the erection of an elevated tank in the eastern part of the city. Bids for this tank were in hand When ne- gotiations opened by the city for the . acquisition of the plant caused a Sus- pension of pending Operations. PHYSICAL PROPERTY TO BE VALUED Distribution System. The distribution System of the Ann Arbor Walter Works is shown on Plate 1 and covers practically the full length of all the streets within the city limits. It consists of about 38 1-2 miles of cast iron pipe and spec- ials and about 7 miles of wrought iron pipe and fittings in active use in the Streets of the city together with the gates, fire hydrants, services, flush tank connections, stand pipes, meters, etc., incidental thereto. The Cast iron pipe and specials Vary in size from 4 in. to 16 in., and are all of standard medium weight, bell and spigot pipe with lead joints. The pipe and specials are coated with the standard preservative coating. The Wrought iron pipes and fittings Vary in size from 3-4 inch to 2 inches and are used only for service in Sparsely populated districts or for in- terior lines in streets where the main pipe lines enclose the district but do In Ot pass through that particular Street. This use of wrought pipe and fitt- ins's is regarded in the former case as a temporary expedient to give service to the few residents while waiting for the growth of the district to such proportions as will warrant district fire hydrants and additional water Supply. One or more gates are located at practically every corner in the city al- lowing isolation for repairs or exten- Sion of any section of the system. At each new branch from an existing main it has been for several years the prae- tice to use a tapping machine by means of which an opening is cut in the main without turning off the Water, and a gate installed in connec- tion with a special fitting called a Sleeve which is placed on the existing main. A cast iron gate stem exten- gallons daily capacity ... 6. sion box with cover is placed over each gate in order that it may be Operated from the surface of the Street. The number and location of fire hydrants is under the direction of the City Council, there being 240 six inch and 12 eight inch hydrants installed. The fire hydrants are for the most part the Holyoke pattern with two hose and one steamer connection. There are at the present time about 3,680 service connections in use or ready for use from the mains. These Ser- Vice connections are made by the COmpany. On request by the Customer and consist, for the residence and Store customer, of a standard cor- poration Cock 3-4, 1, 1 1-4, or 1 1-2 inch in size, a lead connection and a length of pipe of the same size to the Curb line terminating in a curb stop and box at which point the customer attaches his house or store service. FOr Services Where Considerable Water Will be used the size of the connection varies from 2-inch up to a 6-inch and is in these cases similar to a branch connection of the mains themselves, as it is necessary to use a Sleeve and Valve in place of the cor- poration COCk. There are 157 flush tank connec- tions to the mains. These connec- tions are in general similar to the Ordinary house service Connection and supply Water continuously to an automatically operating tank which When full discharges its contents as a flush into the city sanitary sewer sys- term, thereby furnishing the additional Water necessary to carry off the sew- age and to produce a scouring and Cleaning effect in the sewers. There are 4 stand pipes for Sprink- ling carts which are connected in the Same manner as branch connections. The services for the various public uses such as School houses, court- house, city hall, fire engine and hose houses, etc., are similar to the ordi- nary services and are included in the service tabulation. Meters to the number of 310, varying in size fron) 5–8 to 6-inch are installed in the ser- Vice Connections of customers whose uSage Of Water is such that the cus- tomary rates cannot be applied or Would not be Satisfactory. These Tneters are installed in basements in meter boxes, outside of the building, Or Other Convenient places and the meters are periodically read and a charge made by the thousand gallons indicated. All the pipes, valves, fittings, etc., are laid at an average depth of five and one-half feet to the top of the pipe which affords annple protection from freezing in this climate. Reservoir. The reservoir of the Ann Arbor Water company shown on Plate 2 is located within the city limits about 1 1-4 miles in an air line, north West- erly from the courthouse, On the top of a hill and fronting the Chub O , road. It is of an Open type, Con- structed by excavating an area of about 90 leet Square and using , the excavated earth. With additional bor- . row in forming enclosing bankinents with a slope of 1 on 3 feet On the inside, 1 on 1 1-2 on the outside and a top width of ten feet. The basin is paved with cobble stone to above the water line and the remainder of the enbankment is sodded. The area. at the water surface is about 225,000 square feet and has an estimated ca- pacity of 2,000,000 gallons When full and of a little over 1,000,000 gallons at the Ordinary water level. The ele- Vation (City datum) of the inlet pipe at the reservoir is 989.05; the eleVa.- tion of the Water in the reservoir Varies from something above to 2 feet below the top of this inlet pipe. The water falls over a pyramid of field stone built around the pipe for the purpose of aeration. - The main to the city is located at the bottom of the reservoir and takes Water at a point about one foot above the floor. A by-pass connect- ing the inlet from Station No. 1 to the outlet to the city permits of di- rect pressure being carried on the distribution, and the cutting out o the reservoir for cleaning. - In the ordinary operation of the System the pumps deliver simul— taneously into the mains and the reservoir, and by means of a check Val Ve on the Outlet Of the reservoir the pressure on the system is main- tained at that due to the elevation of the reservoir inlet, whenever the pump delivery is in excess of the con- Sumption. At night or during periods of Small use of water when the sta- tion pumps are not operating, the , pressure is that due to the elevation Of the water surface of the reservoir. The elevation of the intersection of Huron and Main streets is about 832.5 SO that the pressure at that point (neglecting friction) will be due to a head of about 156.5 feet when the pump is Operating and averaging 155.5 feet with reservoir alone. These heads are equivalent to a pressure of 68 and 67 1-2 pounds per square inch 7. respectively. Pumping Station No. 1. Pumping Station No. 1 as shown On Plates 3 and 4 is located on the . Huron river and Michigan Central Railroad tracks just below the old to Wn site of Barton. It is about eight-tenths of a mile north of the reservoir and is connected to it by a 12-inch cast iron water pipe laid OVer a private right of way one rod wide. This pipe is of three different Weights, extra heavy at station end, heavy in the middle section and med- ium at the reservoir end, and is laid underground similarly to those in the StreetS. The station building was originally constructed in 1885 and is a brick Structure With Stone sills, and a slate roof over timber framing. A square brick Stack 75 feet high was built adjacent lo the station. The original station contained 1.8 million gallon Rnowles Tandem Compound Duplex Pump and Condenser, a 125 horse power boiler, and the necessary ac- Cessories such as boiler feed pump etC. In 1889-90 a 2 million gallon Gor- don Tandem Compound Duplex Pump and Condenser, a 125 horse power boiler, a Gordon Condenser Pump capable of handling the steam from both pumping engines, and the necessary auxilliary appliances were added. A 15-foot addition was made to the Stack, and a brick addition With a composition roof was made to the station building to house the Gordon Condenser Pump. In 1894, a 1 1-2 million gallon Du- plex Non-con densing Pump W2.S placed in the basement of the old Station. In 1904 the original boiler Was replaced by a new one of similar Capacity. There is no evidence of further ma– terial changes in Station or machinery beyond the repair of boilers and ma– Chinery, and the addition of a wooden Coal shed, until 1910–11 when a 3 million gallon Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Cross-Compound Duplex Flywheel Type Pump and Condenser, a 125 horse power boiler, a feed water heater, etc., were added. Brick ad- ditions with composition roofs were made to house the pump and the ad- ditional boiler. A steel breeching was necessary to COnnect the last boiler to the stack. The stack was raised a foot by the addition of a concrete cap #. 1911, making its total height 91 eet. -*. The concrete Ozone Treating House and an addition to the Station for the Electrical Plant were made in 1910, and also an addition for hous- ing the Blake Pump which handles the water to the filter. The filter and its house was constructed in 1910 to work in conjunction with the Ozone plant. Coal is delivered at the Station. On the company’s siding from the Michi- gan Central Railroad tracks, and is stored in coal sheds at the rear Of the BOiler House. - The present method of Operating at this plant is to do all the pumping With the Laidlaw-Dunn-GOrdon Pump, holding the Knowles and Gor- don pumps in reserve. Two boilers are generally in use with one held as a reserve. For purifying the water, the new Blake Pump draws the water from the river shaft and delivers it to the filter. After passing through the sand and gravel filter bed, it flows by gravity through the Ozone treating house where the Ozone gas is forced upwards through the water. This treating house is a concrete Struc- ture of three units, the deepest Cham- ber being 29 feet. The water in pass- ing through is baffled in order that an intimate mixture with the gas may result. The capacity of the Ozone generators is at present suf- ficient for two units of 1,000,000 gal- lons each, but electrical machinery and other apparatus is designed for three. From the treating house the Water flows into the collecting basin and suction well. The Ozone gas is formed by passing air at a pressure of about 5 pounds through the electric OZone SeneratorS. The station is piped and intercon- nected in such a manner that prac- tically all of the auxiliary machinery is available to perform any function necessary to the operation of the plant, Water Supply of Station No. 1. The pump, placed at Station No. 1 in 1885 took Water from a collecting basin located on the westerly side of the station which is now abandoned. The water was collected by tile under- drains from the territory immediately west of this basin and flowed by grav- ity into it. In 1887–8 several Wells were driven to an average depth of 78 feet and a collecting gallery built over them. A tile line conducted this Water to the old basin. About this time the water rights were purchased of a 8. spring near Fosters and a tile line was laid from the spring along the Mich- igan Central tracks to the collecting basin. This supply did not prove to be a Success and Was Soon abandoned. Water rights were also purchased to a spring on the To War farm and a 6– inch cast iron line was laid from the Spring (located in a gully a little above Towar’s barn) crossing under the Huron river and railroad tracks to the collecting basin, a distance of about one-half mile. In 1889, after the installation of the Gordon pump it was found necessary to abandon the old collecting basin and Construct a new one and a suc- tion Shaft on the opposite side of the Station from the old one. The wells, tiles and pipes were all connected to this new basin. In 1895 a shaft was Sunk between the collecting gallery and the old basin in the bottom of which two 6-inch wells 48 feet deep Were driven. This shaft discharges into the collecting basin through a 12-inch cast iron main and is also Connected directly to the pump suc- tion. Wells were put down from time to time to augment the supply and to this end a 12-inch cast iron Suction pipe line was laid into the Sand and gravel bed under the Corn- well Manufacturing company’s mill pond. This pipe has been used as a blow off since the removal of the dam of that company. In 1905, the river shaft was sunk and connected into the suction well by means of 8 and 10 inch cast iron pipe lines. In the bottom of the river Shaft a 6-in ch well was Órriven to a depth of 127 feet. In 1910–11 a 12 and 16 inch cast iron main was laid to take the water from the river to supply the Ozone Treating Plant. At the present time all the water is taken from the suction well which re- ceives water from the collecting basin (ground water from the wells in the immediate vicinity of the station) and the treated water from the Ozone Treating Plant. The collecting basin is about 75 feet by 110 feet at the Water Surface and is about 10 feet deep. This basin is constructed in the same manner as the reservoir. The well shafts are steel casings up to the ground surface, lined on the inside with common brick and have Vitrified brick outside above the ground line. They are roofed and ºded With a top ventilator and a OOI’. - º The Wells proper are of wrought iron pipe with copper strainers. Pumping Station No. 2. Pumping Station No. 2, shown on Plates 5 and 6, is located on the south side of Washington Street near Seventh Street. The original Station building was a frame structure With a composition roof, constructed in 1896–7. A 1 1-2 million gallon Deane Tandem Compound Duplex Non- condensing Pump, 125 horse power boiler with a 100-foot iron Stack, and auxiliary machinery was installed at that time. In 1898 a second Deane Pump similar to the original but a little larger was installed, and an- other boiler and iron breeching to the Stack added. An addition to the boiler house was necessary to accommodate this sec- Ond boiler. The present Stack WaS built in 1904 and the frame pumping station was rebuilt at this time. In 1907 the Deane pump that was last placed was removed and sold, being replaced by a Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Cross Compound Duplex Flywheel type Pump and condensing outfit. The coal for this station is hauled by wagon and stored adjacent to the boiler room. In normal Operation of this station the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Pump is run exclusively, the Deane Pump be- ing held ready for emergency Service, and for use while repairing the larger pump. The boiler capacity is such that one boiler carries easily the load allowing of frequent cleaning. By use of rain water and the returned condensed steam the boilers are kept in excellent condition. The two pumps take their supply from the 18- inch Suction to Shaft No. 1, and pump directly into the distribution mains. Water Supply at Station No. 2. When the station was built in 1896, an 8-inch cast iron collecting main was run towards Washington Street and was connected directly to some 20 odd wells driven in the yard be- tween the building and the street. At about this time or shortly after a 12 inch cast iron suction line was run west from station to Seventh Street and wells were driven along this line and connected With it. In about 1900 this line was . extended across Seventh and about 1905 across IEighth Street Wells being driven and connected into the line up to and a CrOSS Eighth street. 3. In 1905-6 Shaft No. 1 was sunk and is now used as a suction well. E’rom 1905 to 1907 shafts No. 2 to 6 inclusive have been sunk and the Wells not depended upon entirely for 9. the water supply. Upon the comple- tion of shaft No. 2 a separate 8-inch cast iron pipe line was run from it to the suction well. - * At the time of the installation of the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon pump, an 18 inch suction line was laid to the suction Well and the old 12 inch suc- tion line was disconnected at the Station and a 10 inch cast iroll branch line run into the suction well. This old 12 inch line was also connected by a 12 inch by pass to the 18 inch Suction main for use in event of a C- cident to the suction well. The shafts and wells are constructed in similar manner to those at Station No. 1. PRINCIPLES OF VALUATION. Rules. When property is taken for the benefit of the public, by the exercise of the so-called right of eminent do- main, certain rules have been estab- lished by court decisions which are here presented, being largely ab- stracted ... from briefs on the subject by the Honorable Nathan Matthews, of Boston, one of the foremost Valu- ation attorneys in America. Constitutional Provision. The underlying condition of valua- tion was expressed in Article XVIII of the old constitution of this state as follows: • “Section I. The property of no per- son shall be taken for public use without just compensation therefor.” And Article XIII of the new con- stitution further elucidates it thus: “Section 1. Private property shall not be taken by the public nor by any corporation for public use, with- out the necessity therefor being first determined and just compensation therefor being first made or secured in such manner as shall be pre- scribed by law.” Market Value. When the property taken is such as to be subject to frequent sale, just Compensation is held to be the fair market value for its most Valuable use, and the reasonable probabilities of the future are to be considered in so far as they affect the use and value of the property. -- Incomplete Property. If the property be incomplete when taken, the cost Of completion and its then Completed Value are to be taken into account, and from such completed value the cost of comple- tion is to be deducted to arrive at * the present or incomplete value. No Market Value. When property has no market val- ue in the strict sense of the term, - that is, where it is of such a nature as not to be the subject of so fre- quent salies as to give it a current price,— the ordinary rule that the measure of compensation is the mar- ket value of the property, fails of di- rect application and in such cases it is the intrinsic value of the property, or its value to its OWner, that is the 1Ylea,SliTe. * * (*tual Cost. The actual cost is an important but not a conclusive indication of value, of physical property, but its import- ance Varies inversely as the elaps:=d time since the constructio ºn. Reproduction Cost. Since it is seldom f hat the acuual cost within a reasonable period of the date of Valuation can be p ceseºnt- ed, the test of reproductive cost is frequently applied to th 2 V:ll liation of physical property. Reproductive cost, is, however, by no means conclusive no account at all of the Value Of in- Corporeal rights of property, such as water rights or franchises. ſº Substitution. Another frequently used indication Of Value of physical property is the cost of substitution, and it is generally accepted that the market Valine of physical property cannot be grea; or * 1:. In the value of some other pr. X s. lical property which is its equi ja ſent. This is one of the most common meth- ods of arriving at the v3. ºus C. f a water Supply as distinguished from the plant itself. - Going Concern. The “going concern” value is a fre- quently misapplied term, but in its proper significance is an element to Strictly speaking it is the ‘Special Value Which attaches to physical property by reason of the fact that it has performed the func- tions for which it was designed. This Value is recognized by every investor though frequently passing unnamed. In a Massachusetts case, (179 Mass. 365) the court sustained an award which allowed $75,000 out of $600,- 000 for going concern value, when franchises and earning capacity were excluded, because as stated by the Commissioners, “the cost of duplica- tion, less depreciation, of the different be considered. 10. features of the physical plant * * * * does not represent a fair valuation of this plant, welded together, not only fit and prepared to do business, but having brought that business into Such a condition that there is an en- hanced Value created thereby, so that the city in purchasing it, without considering” its income or right to do business, but having the power to carry it on on its own account, should pay more for the property as such than as if this consideration did not Obtain.” Earning Capacity. The earning capacity of a property is always an important and usually the chief, element or test of value. When the subject of valuation is phy- sical property with no franchise, it is the net income of the property by way of rént, that is, the rental value, which is to be considered, but when the earning capacity is dependent up- On the use of the franchise as well as physical plant, as in the case of the property of a public service company, the question as to the consideration of the earning capacity of the entire property depends on whether or not the franchises are included in the val- uation. Where they are not included the Question of earning capacity other than rental is eliminated, but when they are included, the earn in g ca- pacity of the whole is competent fus €vider Ce cf the value of the entire property. This latter is the ordinary situation in the condemnation ºf the property of public service Corpora- tions and the law applicable thereto has been set forth by the United States Supreme court in the case of Monongahela v. United States, 148 U. S. 312, wherein it is stated (p. 328. ) “The value therefore, is not deter- mined by the mere cost of construc- tion, but more by what the completed structure brings in the way of earm- ings to its owner.” In considering earning CapaCity, however, it is necessary to consider the probability of its continuance, the adequacy of the service rendered, and the reasonableness of the COmpenSa- tion therefor. SERVICE AND RATES. Quality of the Supply. The first question involved in the subject of service is that of the quality of the water supplied. "L'he average consumption of water during the past year has been at the rate of about two and one-quarter mil- lion gallons per day, of which about 1,600,000 gallons have been ground water, and the rest Ozonized river water. Although the ground water is much harder than is desireable for household use, rio Ore has questioned the service on that account, and many citizens who do not wish to use the public supply, avail themselves of a similarly hard water from private wells. . As to the Ozonized river water the situation is Somewhat different. The use of uln- purified river water has been and is justly condemned, and to meet this condemnation the water company in 1910 installed an Ozone purification plant to treat the river water. It was not till December, 1910, that this plant passed out of the experimental State and it is only since that time thºut its performance can properly be: udged. During the past year there have reen Weekly analyses made in the Laboratory of Hygiene of the Univer- sity of Michigan, of the tap water Supplied to the city. In the entire 52 analyses, there has not been found a single positive indication of tile presence of a germ known or sºup- posed to produce disease in man. In six out of the 52 analyses the colon gerrºn has appeared in small quanti- ties but not sufficiently numer bus to cause the water to be condemned. In N8 of the 52 cases a guinea pig in oc- tº lººted with the water died, but in no Casó did it appear that the catuse of the death was anything inimical to the health of man. The presence of Colon has been explained in part by the putting in of a new suction at the river station, during which opera- tion it was extremely difficult to pre- vent some contamination of the sup- ply by raw river water, and also by the laying of a considerable length of new mains which were liable to 2arry w ith them into the system col bri germs acc:Imulated on the streets, after which the Medical Yuilding fire cause 3 a. general disturbºance of the syst ºn in that vicinity, , and the circulation of all accumulations in the pipe toward the place where samples are taken for analysis. It seems quite safe to assume that the OCCurrence of col bºn w ill be less frequent in the fut:1 re. The significance of the colon germ in an analysis is simply the presence (if contamination frc m animal sources, the germ itself is harmless. But the : Inference is that where colon 30 *ll d occur other and dangerous germs from similar sources might penetrate. Pressures. During the sprinkling season par- ticularly, the pressure has for se-- 11. eral years been deficient in the south- eastern part of the city and thc. cause (,f much comijl, tint. The su" .. e t has received the alt' entior of the Com. pany during the past three years and after an examination already refer- red to, by Prof. M. E. Cooley, plans w; ere adopted which would have re- lieved the trouble during the past sea- son had it not bee:l for the expressed desire of the city to have an oppor- tunity to acquire "...he plant hefſ, re further expenditures Were made. Fire ºrotöctions. The same plans were designed to provide increased fire protection to the city and would unodubtedly have done so if carried out. Rates. The contract with the city provides that the water. shall be furnished “at reasonable rates, and nºt exceeding in amount the average Stims paid by inhabitants of other cities of Michi- gan simlarly stuated and of iike pop- ulaton and supplied by private Com- panies.” - To find a private, y managed Works in the state in a similar situation to those under consideratio is is not eacy. Ann Arbor is peculiar in several par- ticulars: First, as to the uncertainty of the underground supplies of water; two borings only a few feet apart fre- quently turn out, one a flowing Well and the other a dry hole. Second, as to the difference ºf ele- vation to be surmounted within the limits of the distribution, the Varia- tº on being equal to the difference of pressure of 60 pounds; an i Third, as to the character of the consumers, the cummunit v being a very large user of water, the COn- sumption averaging more than 100 gallons daily for each inhabitant, stu- dents, included, and the number of fixtures using 'water on second floors is much greater than in ordinary towns of the same size. In a report on the valuation of lhis property by Messrs. Riggs and Sher- man of Toledo, made some ten years ago, a comparison is made between the then existing rates in Ann Arbor and in 13 privately owned plan is lo- cated in cities ranging in populatiºn from 5,000 to 87,000, from which it was concluded that the local rºutes were slightly above the average of the 18. Since that time the local rates have been materially reduced and several of the companies included have gone out of business through bankruptcy or municipal acquisition. Of all the cities in the country the conditions most nearly approaching those in Ann Arbor probably exist in Madison, Wisconsin, and Ithaca, New York, the seats rspectively of the TJniversty of Wisconsin and Cor – nell University. The former has al- ways been a municipally operated works and the latter has recently be- corrue so, but the rates in vogue prior to the acquisition of the plant by the city, when the population was 14,615, and which rates were held, on con- demnation, to be reasonable, were, as shown in comparison with the Ann Arbor rates, as follows: Assessed Annual Water Rates. Ithaca, N. Y.: PCitchen with a single tap . . . . Hot and Cold taps . . . . . . . . . . 6.00 Bath tubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Water closets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Wash basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.00 Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ritchen with a single tap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.50 to $5.50 Hot and cold taps. . . . . . no charge. Bath tubs . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.00 Water closets . . . . . . . . . 3.00 Wash basins no charge. * * * * * * * * * * * Total $7.50 to $10.50 The pumping at Ithaca was large- ly done by water power at an expense not greater tha), in Ann Arbor. The water was purified adding an expense. of about 50 per cent to the Ordinary charges, so that the Ann Arbor rates would by comparison be about two- thirds of the Ithaca rate, whereas they appear to be less than one-half. Though the cost of supplying water in this city is very much greater than in Detroit, probably fully three times as much, it is nevertheless a fact, through not generally known. that whife the minimum family rate in De- troit is $3.30, that in Ann Arbor is G ni v $2.50. Ass": ming a dwelling equipped with the crdinary kitchen fixtures, a wash bowl, Water closet and bath tub, ine assessment in Detroit would be $6.28, and in Ann Arbor $7.50 to $10.50 àe- pending on the size of the house In tiº e 13. Wn Sprinkling charge alone is there a marked difference and on this item Detroit has for y Total . . . . . . * * * * * * * * . . . . . . . 94 6 in., 814, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 Ann, State to Ingalls, orig., 6 in. 660, Division, Jefferson to Williams, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 6 60 Orig., 4 in. 595, Total . . . . . . 595 Ann, 14th to Observ., 1892, 6 in., 690, Division, Packard to Jefferson, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 690 Orig., 6 in. 670, Total . . . . . . . . 670 Ashley, Wash. to Sth., 1899, 4 in. 100, Division, William to Liberty, orig., Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 100 6 in. 595, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 Ashley, Huron tC) Sth., 1904, 4 1Il. 528, Division, Lawrence to PQinglSey, Tota.I ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 1905, 6 in. 300, Total . . . . . . . . 300 Ashley, Miller av, to . Huron, Division, Ringsley to Detroit, 1907, 6 in. pipe, 700, Total . . 700 1897, 6 in. 638, Total . . . . . . . . 638 700, Total . . . . . . . , - - - - - - - - - - - 700 6 in., 614. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 Belser, Observ, to Wash., 1898, 6 Division, Hill to Edwin, 1909, 6 in. 850, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in. 790, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 Fourteenth, Qbserv. to Wash., Edwin, Division to West, 1909, 6 1907, 6 in 200, Total . . . . . . . . 200 in. 200, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Broadway, Mill to East, 1886, 6 Edwin, State to Sybil, 1906, 6 in. in. 1442, Total : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1442 750, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 Broadway, End, of line to East, Elizabeth, Fuller to Ringsley, 1889, 6 in. 712, Total . . . . . . . . 712 Orig., 4 in. 701, Total . . . . . . . . 701 Broadway, Depot to Mill, Orig., , , , , Elm, "Geddès to s. Univ. av., 6 in. 2520, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 1905, 6 in. 750, Total . . . . . . . . 750 Erooks, Miller a V., to North, 1895, 6 in. 700, Total * * * * * * * * * * * * Church, Hill to North, 1902, 4 in. 385, Total • * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 Felch, Main to Ashley and Ash- ley South, 1910, 6 in. 700 Total 700 Brooks, End of line to North, Ferdon Road, Washt. to South, 1909, 6, in 700, Total . ; ; ; ; . . ; 700 1jio. 6 in.” 1421. Total . . . . . . 421 Brown, Hill to Phillip, 1910, 6 Fifth aV., Ringsley to North, lll. 828, Total * * * e s e º e º 'º - s tº e 828 Orig., 6 in. 565, Total te e º 'º - tº º Q Cambridge, Hill to South, 1910, 6 Fifth av., Ringsley to Huron, 111. 447, Total e e e s e º e < * * * * * * 447 1906, 6 in. 1400, Total tº e º ºs e e º a Cambridge, Washtena.W to North, Fifth a V., Packard to Jefferson 1911, 6 in. 528, Total . . . . . . . . 528 orig. 6' in. 244. Total . . . . . . . .y Catherine, Div. to State, 1900, 6 Fifth av., william to Íñberty, in. 800, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 orig. 6 in 595, Total . . . . . . . . 595 Catherine, State to Ingalls, 1906, Fifth a.V., Washington to South, 6, in: 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 1910, 4 in 240, Total . . . . . . . . 240 Catherine, (service) Catherine to Fifth a V., Liberty to North, 1911, Hospitals, 1891, 6 in. 140, Total 140 6 in 110. Total . . . . ! ---- 110 Catherine, . Fourth av, to Div., Fifth av., Jefferson to William, Orig., 8 in. 925, Total . . . . . . . . 9 2 5 Orig., 6 in. 596, Total . . . . . . . . 596 Catherine, Thirteenth to Hospital, Fifth St. jefferson to Mádison 1891, 6 in. 326, Total . . . . . . . . 326 ig11. 6 in. 566. Total . . . . . . 566 Clark and Catherine, Ann to Hos- Fifth "st. Liberty to Jefferson, ſpital, 1898, 6 in. 700, Total ... 700 işio, 6’ in 335. Total . . . . . . . 865 Chubb Road, Spring to Main, Fifth St., Miller av., to North, Orig., 14 in. 1960, Total . . . . . . 196 1909; 6 in., 550. Total . . . . . . . 550 Chubb Road, Reservoir to Spring, Force Main, Station No. 1 to Res- Orig., 16 in. 3010, Total . . . . . . ervoir, orig., 12 in., 4127. To- *::::::: Yº Sºlº , rººt tº wºnº sº.'t.” orig, 6 in. 297, Total . . . . . . . . *** * *ay."orig. 4 in ºi." Tótai: . . 541 Church, Hill to Oakland, 1902, 6 Forest, Hill to South, 1903, 6 in. in. 660, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 700." Total . . . . . . .'.…....” 700 Forest, End of line to South, 1905, 6 in. 1200, Total 1200 6 in. 1452, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1452 Huron, Thirteenth to Fourteenth, 1901, 6 in. 572, Total . . . . . . . . 572 Huron, A. A. R. R. to Seventh, Orig., 6 in. 1752, Total . . . . . . 52 Huron, Main to A. A. R. R., Orig., 8 in. 988, Total . . . . . . . . 988 Huron, Seventh to West, 1895, 6 in. 1862, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1862 Forest, S. Univ. av. to Hill, 1908, Huron, State to Main, Orig., 12 6 in. 1100. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 in. 2064, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.64 Forest, Wells to South, 1910, 6 Ingalls, N. Univ. a V. to Washing- in. 7 oo, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 ton, orig., 6 in. 621, Total 6.21 Fountain, Miller to His coek. 19 v 3, Ingalis, Kingsley to Lawrence, 6 in. 1000, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906, 6 in. 300, Total . . . . . . . . Fourteenth, Huron to Ann, 1901, Ingalls, Ann to Lawrence, orig., 6 in. 363, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 4 in. 670, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Fourth av., Packard to Liberty, Ingalls, Hill, to S, Univ. av., orig., Orig., 4 in. 896, Total . . . . . . . . 896 6 in. 1088, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088 Fourth av., Packard to Liberty, Israel, Lincoln to Washtenaw, orig., 6 in. 328, Total . . . . . . . . 328 1905, 6 in. 1230, Total . . . . 123 Fourth av., Packard to Madison, Israel, Lincoln to West, 1900, 6 1901, 6 in. 836, Total . . . . . . . . 836 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 Fourth av., Hill to Phillip, 1910, Jackson, Huron to West, 1903, 6 6 in. 843, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 - in. 814, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814 Fourth a V., Liberty to Ann, 1903, Jefferson, Fourth St. to West, 4 in. 1056, Total . . . . . . . . . . 0.56 1886, 6 in. 712, Total . . . . . . . . 712 Fourth av., Depot to Summit, Jefferson and Hamilton, Fifth a v. 1911, 6 in. 232, Total . . . . . . . . 232 to William, 1900, 6 in. 900, Fourth av. Beaks to North, 1911, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900 6 in. 315, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Jefferson, Maynard to Thompson, Fourth av., Ann to Catherine, Orig., 4 in. 331, Total . . . . . . . . 3.31 Orig., 8 in. 331, Total . . . . . . . . 331 Jefferson, First to Fourth St., Fourth av., Kingsley to Beaks, Orig., 6 in. 1000, Total . . . . . . . . 1000 Orig., 6 in. 200, Total . . . . . . . . 200 PCingsley, Main to Detroit, orig., Fourth St., Jefferson to Liberty, 6 in. 847, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 Orig., 4 in. 500, 6 in. 490, Total 990 Kingsley, Division to Elizabeth, Fuller, Elizabeth to Thirteenth, Orig., 4 in. 515, Total . . . . . . . . 515 1904, 6 in. 1675, Total . . . . . . . . 1675 PCingsley, Elizabeth to State, Fuller, Detroit to Elizabeth, orig. Orig., 6 in. 194, Total . . . . . . . . 194 6 in. 475, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Kingsley, State to Ingalls, 1906, 6 Geddes av., Washtenaw to Ob- in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 servatory, orig., 6 in. 904, Total 904 Lawrence, Division to State, orig., Geddes av., Oxford Rd. to East, 4 in. 731, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 1905, 6 in. 1130, Total . . . . . . 130 Lawrence, State to Ingalls, orig., Geddes av., Observatory to Ox- 6 in. 660, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 ford Rd., 1905, 6 in. 1400, Liberty, Eight to West, 1907, 6 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 Gott, Miller av. to Summit, 1892, Liberty, Division to Fifth av., 6 in. 1200, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200 Orig., 4 in. 562, Total . . . . . . . . 562 Green dwood, E. Univ. av. to Liberty, State to Division, orig., Packard, 1901, 6 in. 825, Total 825 6 in. 890, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 Hill, Twelfth to Olivia, 1890, 6 Liberty, Fifth a v. to 400 ft. West in. 1542, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1542 of Fifth St., Orig., 6 in. 3132, Hill, Oswego to Oxford, 1910, 6 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3132 in. 693, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 Liberty, end of Main to West, Hill, Main to Packard, 1905, 6 1895, 6 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . 700 in. 2000, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 000 Lincoln, Hill to South, 1896, 6 Hill, Olivia to Washtenaw, 1892, in. 300, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 f in. 824, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lincoln, End of Main to Wells, Hill, State to Packard, 1911, 6 1901, 6 in. 1595, Total . . . . . . . . in. 300, Tota? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 Madison, Main to West, 1889, 6 Hill, State to Twelfth, orig. 6 in. 1886, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 in. 994, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.94 Madison, end of Main to Seventh, Hiscock, Spring to . Fountain, 1911, 6 in. 736, Total . . . . . . . . 36 Orig., 6 in. 460, Total . . . . . . . . 460 Madison, State to Packard, orig., Huron, State to Thirteenth, 1897, 6 in. 936, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 Main, Hill to South, 1889, 6 in. 1484, Total 14 Chubb Road to Orig., 14 in. 3259, Total . . . . . . Main, Huron to Liberty, orig., 10 in. 668, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668 Main, Liberty to Packard, Orig., 8 in. 1010, Total & g º º $ tº * * * * * * * * * tº tº Main, tº º e º e º a º º tº $ e 16. Main, Packard to Hill, orig., 6 in. 1922, Total . . Martin, Wells to in. 709, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mary & Benamin, Packard to West 1895, 6 in. 700, Total Maynard, Jefferson to William, 1922 e e º 'º e º º ºs e º & 700 Pontiac, Kellogg to North, 1891, 6 in. 844, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . Prospect, E. Univ. av. to Wells, 1904, 6 in. 1045, Total Second, William to Jefferson, orig., 6 in. 730, Totai . . . . . . . . 7 Seventh, Huron to North, 1907, 6 4 Orig., 4 in. 597, Total . . . . . . . . in. 400, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 Michigan, E. Univ. av. to Wells, Seventh, End of line to North, - 1909, 6 in. 1200, Total . . . . . . . . 1910, 6 in. 337, Total . . . . . . . . 337 Miller av., Spring to West, orig., Seventh, Jefferson to Madison, 6 in. 1480, Total ... . . . . . . . . . . 1. 1890, 6 in. 760, Total . . . . . . . . 760 Miller av., Main to Spring, Orlg., Seventh, Liberty to Jefferson, 8 in. 1100, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 00 1910, 6 in. 741, Total . . . . . . . . 74.1 Summit & Miner, Gott to East & . . North, 1910, 6 in. 700, Total . . 700 Minerva, Olivia, to Forest, 1911, 6 in. 460, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 Moore, Broadway to Pontiac, Orig., 6 in. 540, Total . . . . . . . . 540 Mosley, Main to West, 1910, 6 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 Murray, Liberty to North, 1909, 6 in. 400, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Oakland, Tappan to West, 1899, 4 in. 275, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Oakland, End of line to West, 1900, 4 in. 450, Total . . . . . . . . 450 Oakland, Hill to End of line, 1909, 4 in. 400; 6 in. 200, Total 600 Oakland, E. Univ. a.V. to . Church, 1208, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 1904, 4 in. 330, Total . . . . . . . . 330 State, N. Univ. av. to Huron, - Oakland, Church to Forest, 1905, - orig., . 12 in. 937, Total . . . . 937 4 in. 300, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 State, Huron to Kingsley, orig., i Observatory, Ann to Belser, 1892, 6 in. 1329, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6 in. 1166, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Station No. 2, Station to Wash- oº: º tº Geddes, 8 ington, 1896, 12 in. 253. Total . . 253 - , b lll. , l'Otal . . . . . . . . Summit, Main to Spring, 1910, 6 Olivia, Israel to South, 1899, 4 .*#s; #t. spring * * * * * * * * 50 in: 150, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Sybil & Edwin, Benjamin to Di- Olivia, Wells to South, 1910, 6 vision, 1900, 6 in. 1000, Total . . 1000 in. 704, Total . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . 704 Tappan, Hill to Oakland, 1896, 6 Olivia, Cambridge to . Minerva, in. 803, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 1911, 6 in...: 676. Total . . . . . ; 676 Thayer, Hill to Monroe, 1903, 4 Oswego, Geddes to Hill, 1907, 6 in. 594, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 1I]. 800, Total e e º e º e s tº e ... . . . . . . 0 Thayer, Washington to Huron, Oxford Rd., Hill to S. Univ. av., 1906, 10, in. 350, Total . . . . . . . . 350 1907, 6 in. 800, Total . . . . . . . . 0 0 Thayer, S. Univ. a.V. to Monroe, Oxford Rd., Washtenaw to Hill, orig., 4 in. 596, Total . . . . . . . . 59 6 1901, 6 in. 715, Total . . . . . . . . 15 Thayer, N. Univ. to Washington, Pack rd, M r t - W 11 y 1895, 6 Orig., 4 in. 614, Total e e s e º & © e 614 ****.*.*.*.*.* 7 Third, Washington to South, Packard "Fifth to M 1902, 4 in. 550, Tºtal . . . . . . . . 550 ckard, Fl ay, to Monroe, Thirteenth, Ann to Catherine, - orig. 6 in 1190, Total . . . . . . . .1190 isºſ. 3 in. Tâș, Total....... 739 Packard, Main to Fifth av., orig., Thirteenth, Fuller to Catherine, 6 in. 798, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1906, 6 in. 800, Total . . . . . . . . 800 Packard, Wells to East, 1908, 6 Thirteenth, Huron to Ann, 1897, in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 6 in. 363, º tº e º ſº e e s a e º 'º e º e 36 3. Thompson, Liberty to William, Pagkard, Mºnroe to Mary, 1895, 1902, 4 in. 583, Total . . . . . . . . 583 6 in. 900, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - * * * * & Thompson, Madison to William, Phillip, Brown to Climax F.Cty, Orig., 4 in. 1325, Total . . . . . . 1325 1910, 6 in. 1298, Total . . . . . . 1298 Thompson Ct., Thompson to * Moore & Pontiac, Broadway, to East, 1899, 4 in. 275, Total . . 275 Rellogg, orig., 6 in. 1240, To- Traver, Moore to . North, 1909, 6 tal e e s e º e º e º 'º e º & G & e º ºs e º º . . . . 1240 in. 2150, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2150 Seventh, Huron to Liberty, 1896, 6 in. 1210, Total 1 Spring, Chubb Rd. to Miller º, 5 orig., 8 in, 3570, Total . . . . . . . . 70 State, Hill to Monroe, oriš., 4 in. 517, Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 State, Monroe to Jefferson, Orig., 6 in. 1057, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.7 State, Jefferson to N. Univ. a V., Orig., 10 in. 879, Total . . . . . . 879 State, Arch & Thayer, Edwin to S. of Arch, 1909, 6 in. 800, TO- tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Staue, Packard to Edwin, 1899, 6 in. 385, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 State, Arch to Dewey, 1911, 6 in. * 1 17. Twelfth, Washington to N. Univ. av., 1907, 8 in. 700, Total . E.- Univ. av., College to Wash- 700 tenaw, 1902, 6 in. 652, Total . . 652 6 in. 1320, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Univ. av., Packard to Oak- State, Hill to Packard, 1899, 6 in. land, 1899, 6 in. 1100, Total . . 1100 356, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 E. Univ. av., College to Oakland, Washtenaw. Israel to Ferdon, 1904, 6 in. 1880, Total . . . . . . 1880 1905, 6 in. 196, Total . . . . . . . . 196 E. Univ. av., S. Univ. av. to S. Total feet of 4 in. pipe . . . . . . 1907 5 of Willard, Orig., 6 in. 486, To- Total feet of 6 in. pipe 15 0670 tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 Total feet of 8 in. pipe . . . . . . 11452 N. Univ. av., State to Ingalls, Total feet of 10 in. pipe . . . . 29 47 Orig., 8 in. 665, Total . . . . . . . . 5 Total feet of 12 in. pipe . . . . 11836 N. Univ. a.V., Ingalls to Wash- Total feet of 14 in. pipe . . . . 5,219 tenaw, Orig., 6 in. 634, Total . . 634 Total feet of 16 in. pipe . . . . 3.01.0 S. Univ. a.V., State to Forest, orig., “. 6 in. 2036, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 2036 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203809 S. Univ. a.V., Washtenaw to Ged- des, 1895, 6 in. 1700, Total . . . . 1700 WROUGHT IRON PIPE. Vaughn, E. Univ. a V to Packard, 1900, 4 in. 825, Total . . . . . . . . 825 Table II. Vº. º, É.”;0. Wash. Ann, Main to Opera House, 1886, 850, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 , 2 in;.297, Total, . . . . . . . . . . ... 207 Wall, Broadway to East, orig., 6 **, Mº to Jail, 1886, 1 in. in. 580, Total * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Otal • - - - e º ºs e º e º e º e º e º e 290 Washington, Seventh to Eight, Ann, *: West, 1907, 1 1-2 187 1909, 6 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . 700 A. , Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington, Twelfth to Four- rpor, * to East, 1898, 1 1-4 1 tº 1400...Tºtá.1400 A.”...,’ to west ſº 411 Washington, Thayer to Twelfth, Ar of: , ºd to West, 19 03, 1907, 10 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . 7" Ain' oºliº ºf 85 Washington, State to Thayer, rch, Oakland tº joiºh, 1904– sº ºr 1906, 10 in. 350, Total . . . . . . 350 , 1908, 1.1-2, in, 254, Total ........ 254 Washington, Fifth a v. to State, Asºº Liberty to Madison, 1890– Orig., 6 in 1418, Total . . . . . . . . 909, 1 in., #35. 1 1-4 in., 4:22; Washington, Main to Fifth a V., ...” in., 612; 2 in., 282; Toºl 9. Orig., 6 in. 670, Total . . . . . . . . " Asºv washington & Liº.” Washington, Main to Station No. *ś. 1. as º tº Liberty, 2, 1993, 12.ºh.325& Tºtal ::: 2255 Asiº alº 00, Total : . . . . . . . Washington, Station No. 2 to Sev- sº, ºniº North, 1888, tº º, &# 598. Tºtai. 508 Bºº...”. North; 92 Washington, Main to State, 1909, * S, ingsley to . Northeast, 12 in. 2200, Total, . . . . . . . . . . 2200 1909, 1 in., 308; 1 1-4 in., 202; Washtenaw, Ferdon to Wayne, B: *:: 5.07; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017 1908, 6 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . 700 Bºnº, ºne tº East , e & y - • f , 1 O Løll . . . . . . . . «» 4 Wººnºº. to Hill, 1889, 52 Cathºns, Hºs to East, 1887, 29 y -- ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4-l in. , l'Otal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Włº, º isºel, and cººn tº East issº. 2 .. ... • * ~ * *** . . . . . . . ." l Il. y Otal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wºº,” ºrd Rºad. 660 Catherine, Clark to Observatory, Washtenaw, N. "Univ. av to s. 1886, 1 1-4, in 550, Total . . . . 550 Univ. av., orig., 6 in. 1815, To- Catherine, Thirteenth to West, tal . . . . . . . . . . ... …"... 1815 # ſº in 4%. 1-4 in. 236 r º • * ; TOtal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ":"...º.º.º. Pºwº, "", too chºin, Mieſ to south, 1898, 'i Wells, Packard to Lincoln, 1890, ch: 243, Total * * * * * * * * * * * * * is a e 2 4 3 6 in. 1518, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 151s chºsºs #.West isºl. 1 is, "";";"; *...* as chº.wika". Nº. 1851: William, Division to Fifth av., cº; * B.º.º. Tº 2% Orig., 4 in. 561, Total . . . . . . . . 61 Church, Prospect to Oakland, William, Second to Fourth, 1906, 1906, 1 1-2 in., 240; 2 in. 583; 6 in. 700, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823 William, Main to Second, orig., Church, Willard to South, 1886, 6 in. 1010, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 010 1 in. 211, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 g 6 in. º e º G & e º 'º - © e º e º & © Campus, State to East, 1891, 1400, Total Ann, Ingalls to Fourteenth, 1900, 1320 18. -* Church, S. Univ. av. to College, 1892, 1 in., 356; 1 1-4 in., 79; 2 in., 198; Total . . . . . . . . * * * * , 6 3 & Cross, Packard to West, 1906, 1 1-4 in. 66, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Detroit, Kingsley to South, 1886, 1 in. 185, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Detroit, Fifth a v. to South, 1886, 1 in. 218, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 Division, sºwashington to South, 1886, 1 in. 59, Total . . . . . . . . 59 Division, Packard to South, 1905, 1 1-4 in. 335. Total . . . . . . . . . 3.35 Division, Huron to South, 1886, 1 in. 141, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Division, Ann to South, 1886, 1 in. 81, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S1 Felch, Spring to East, 1897, 1 in. 167, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 Ferdon Road, Washtenaw to South, 1905, 2 in. 227, Total . . 227 Fifth av., Catherine to Ann, 1892, 1 1-2 in. 136, Total . . . . . . . . . . 136 Fifth av., Catherine to North, 1886, 1 1-4 in., 54; 1 1-2 in., 195; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Fifth a v., Huron to South, 1886, 1 in., 92; 2 in., 123; Total, . . . . 215 First, Washington to South, 1886, 1 1-4 in. 272, Total . . . . . . . . . . 272 First, Huron to Washington, 1886, 3-4 in., 123; 1 in., 221; Total . . .344 First, Miller av. to South, 1904, 1 1-4 in. 90, Total . . . . . . . . . . 90 First, Huron to Ann, 1889, 1 1-2 in. 370, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 First, Jefferson to Madison, 1887, 2 in. 623, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 Forest Crt., Forest to East, 1910, 2 in. 414, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 Fountain, Summit to Hiscock, 1886, 1 1-4 in. 527, Total . 527 Fourteenth, Huron to Washing- ton, 1892, 2 in. 396, Total . . . . 396 Fourth av., Catherine to North. 1898, 1 in. 41, Total . . . . . . . . . . | 1 Fourth av., PCingsley tº South, 1888, 1 in. 182, Total . . . . . . . . 182 Fourth av., Catherine to North, 1886, 2 in. 133, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Fourth st., Jefferson to South, 1889, 1 in., 407; 1 1-2 in., 90; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 Hamilton Pk., Packard to State, 1890, 1 1-2 in. 2448, Total . . . . 2448 Ingalls, Washington to Huron, 1890, 1 in. 155, Total . . . . . . . . 155 Ingalls, Huron to South, 1886, 1 ºn 410, Tota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 10 Ingalls, Ann to Huron, 1886, 1 in., 122; 1 1-4 in., 211, Total 33.3 Jefferson, Division to West, 1886, 1 in., 328; 1 1-4 in., 236; Total 564 Jefferson, State to West, 1889– 1904, 1 in., 79; 1 1-4 in., 125; Total . . . . . . . s • e s • * * * * . . . . . . 204 , Linden, S. Univ. Jefferson, Division to East, 1886, 1 in. 78, Total tº a tº a tº e º 'º e º is º e ºs Jefferson, First to East, 1898– 1901, 1 in. 172, Total . . . . . . . . Rellogg, Pontiac to Cemetery, 1889, 1 in., 400; 2 in., 346; TO- tal Ringsley, 1889, 1 in. 340, Total . . . . . . . . aV. to Geddes, 1905–1909, 1 1-2 in., 233, 2 in., 257; Total * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mack Road, Elm to Wilmot, 1905, . 2 in. 395, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . Madison, Main to East, 1889, 1 1-2 in. 94, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . Madison, Packard to Fifth av., 1886-1906, 1 in., 103; 1 1-4 in., 209; 2 in., 200; Total . . . . . . . . Hanover Sq., Madison to Pack- ard, 1886, 1 1-4 in. 274, Total . . Mary, Benjamin to South, 1896– 1909, 2 in. 354, Total . . . . . . . . Mill & Jones, Broadway to Brew- ery, 1886, 2 in. 585, Total . . . . Monroe, State to East, 1888, 1 in. 195, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - Monroe, Ingalls to West, 1892, 1 in. 177. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monroe, Twelfth to East & West, 1886–1888, 1 in. 347, Total . . . . Monroe, State to Packard, 1886, 1 1-4 in., 130; 2 in., 583; Total Monroe, Ingalls to East, 1905, 2 in. 156, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . Murray, Washington to 1908, 1 in. 192, Total . . . . . . . . Observatory, Ann to North, 1886, 1 in. 469, Total . . . . . . . . S - - - - Olivia, Hill to South, 1891–1892, Detroit to Fast, 1886– 78 172 746 340 490 395 94 512 27.4 3.54 585 195 177 34 7. 713 1 56 1.92 46.9 664 146 298 350 1 1-2 in. 664, Total . . . . . . . . . . Park Terra, Washington, to North, 1907 1 in. i46, Total . . Second, Madison to Jefferson, 1889, 2 in. 724, Total . . . . . . . . t Second, William to North, 1895- 1909, 1 1-2 in., 88; 2 in., 210; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second, Madison to South, 1888, 1 1-2 in. 350, Total . . . . . . . . . . Sixth, Jefferson to Madison, 1886, 1 1-4 in., 172; 1 1-2 in., 384; 2 in., 412; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State, Kingsley to Fuller, 1903– 1908, 1 1-2 in., 450; 2 in., 217; ; Total . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - Summit, Main to East, 1888, 1 1-2 in. 268, Total . . . . . . . . . . Thayer, Huron to North, 1886– 1903, 1 in., 845; 1 1-4 in., 226; 1 1-2 in., 204; Total . . . . . . . . . . Third, Jefferson to Madison, 1889, 1 in. 772, Total - * Third, Jefferson to North, 1893, 1 1-4 in. 316, Total . . . . . . . . . . Twelfth, S. Univ av. to Monroe, 1886, 2 in. 576, Total . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 96.8 * Twelfth, Monroe to South, 1886- 1891, 1 in., 50; 2 in., 280; To- tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.30 Twelfth, Washington , to Huron, 1900–1901, 1 1-2 in., 134; 2 in., 230; Total . . . . . . . . ... • * - - - - - - - 364 S. Univ. av., Washtenaw to West, 1894, 2 in. 153, Total . . . . . . . . 15.3 Volland, . Observatory to West, 1894-1903, 1 1-4 in. 315, Total 315 Volland, Fourteenth to East, 1908, 1 1-2 in., 55. Total . . . . . 55 Walnut, S. Univ. av. to Northeast, 1894-1895, 1 1-2, in. 335, To- tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.35 Willard, E. Univ. av. to Forest, 1886, 2 in. 721, Total . . . . . . . . 721 William, Maynard to West, 1886, 1 in., 207. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 William, Division to East, 1905, 1 1-4 in. 142, Total . . . . . . . . . . 142 William, Main to East, 1896, 1 in. 119, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Wilmot, Elm to West, 1887–1894, 1 1-2 in., 372; 2 in., 461; Total 833 Alley bet. Fifth a v. & Division, Depot to Summit, 3-4 in. 197, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Gates Alley, Huron to North, 1 in. 350, Total . . . . . ". . . 350 Myrtle, Oxford to East, 1 in. 300, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Roosevelt, Church to East, — 1 1-4 in. 200, Total . . . . . . . . . . 200 William, Fifth to West, — 1 in. 170, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Broadway, End of Iine to Wheel- er’s, 1908, 2 in. 16, Total 16 Catherine, Ingalls to Thirteenth, 1886–1894, 1 in., 85; 1 1-4 in., 344; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 29 Fifth av., Washington to North, 1886, 1 in. 107, Total . . . . . . . . 107 Maynard, William to Liberty, 1886, 1 in. 600, Total . . . . . . . . 600 Monroe, 1898, 1 in. 74, Total . . . . 74 Second, Madison to South, 1892, 2 in. 193, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Second, 1890, 1 1-4 in. 24, Total 24 Summit, 1889–1890, 1 1-2 in. 182, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Total 3-4 in. pipe . . . . . . . . . 320 ft Total 1 in. pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 909 Total 1 1-4 in. pipe. . . . . . . . . . . 615.3 Total 1 1-2 in. pipe . . . . . . . . . . 9 381 Total 2 in. pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11147 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 10 Total number of 1 in. gates . . . . . . 1. Total number of 1 1-4 in. gates . . 4 Total number of 1 1-2 in. gates .. 2 Total number of 2 in. §ates * & tº * * * Grand total of gates SERVICES. Table VI. . . E. Ann, 3–4 in. 81; 2 in. 2; Total W. Ann, 3–4 in. 8, Total N. Ashley, 3-4 in. 18, Total . . . . . . S. Ashley, 3-4 in. 51, Total Arbor, 3–4 in. 11, Total Arch, 3–4 in. 18, Total Baldwin, 3-4 in. 6, Total Beaks, 3–4 in. 22, Total . . . . . Belser, 3–4 in. 3, Total Benjamin, 3–4 in. 12, © g º 'º & tº • * * * * * * * a º e s = e < * * * tº º ºr sº e e s tº * * * * * * * * * * Broadway, 3-4 in. 42, Total Brooks, 3-4 in. 6, Total . . . . . . . . Brown, 3–4 in. 1, Total Cambridge Road, 3-4 in. 16, Total Catherine, 3–4 in. 70, Total Cedar, 3–4 in. 1, Total Chapin, 3–4 in. 1, Total Cherry, 3–4 in. 7, Total Cheever Court, 3–4 in. 11, Total Chubb Road, 3–4 in. 8, Total . . . . Church, 3–4 in. 83, Total Clark, 3–4 in. 1, Total College, 3–4 in. 2, Total 'Cornwell Place, 3-4 in. , 7, Total Cross, 3–4 in. 5, Total . . . . . . . . . . Depot, 3–4 in. 18, Total Detroit, 3–4 in. 30, Total Dewey Ave., 3-4 in. 1, Total . . . . N. Division, 3–4 in. 34, Total . . S. Division, 3–4 in. 79, Total . . Edwin, 3–4 in. 8, Total Elizabeth, 3–4 in. 13, Total Elm, 3-4 in, 12, Total Felch, 3-4 in. 5, Total Ferdon Road, 3–4 in. 7, Total N. Fifth av., 3–4 in. 38, Total . . S. Fifth av., 3-4 in: 64, Total Fifth St., 3–4 in. 11, Total N. First St., 3–4 in. .8, Total . . . . S. First St., 3–4 in. 26, Total . . . . Forest av., 3–4 in. 71, Total . . . Forest Court, 3-4 in. 6, Total Fountain, 3-4 in. 17, Total JN. Fourth av., 3-4 in., 33; 1 1-2 in., 1. Total S. Fourth a v., in. 1. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth St., 3-4 in. 16, Total . . . . Fourteenth, 3-4 in. 18, Total . . . . Fuller, 3-4 in. 9, Total Geddes aV., 3--4 in. 46, Total . . tº gº & & © & © tº a gº º tº * is º º • e º e º e º te tº º is & s ºn g & * > * * * * * * s e s sº º ºs º gº is is gº ſº e º & º ſº º 4 & a tº ſº e º E & º e º ºs e º sº º & g º e º ſº tº e º 'º ſº tº e º º ſº & & e º $ g g tº e º & & tº gº tº 3–4 in., 66; 1 1-4 ; Geddes Heights, 3-4 in 3, Total . . Glenn av.; 3-4 in. 14, Total Gott, 3-4 in. 9, Total . . . . . . . . . . Greenwood, 3–4 in., 25, Total . FHamilton Place, 3-4 in. 16, Total Hanover Square, 3–4 in. 5, Total PHill, 3-4 in. 70, Total . . . . . . . . . . . Hiscock, 3-4 in. 2, Total . . . . . . . . E. Huron, 3–4 in., 102; 1 1-4 in., 1; 2 in. 5; 4 in., 1; Total . . . . W. Huron, 3–4 in., 83; 1 1-2 in., 1; 4 in., 1; Total - N. Ingalls, 3-4 in. 33, Total * tº a e º º º $ tº e º & 11 70 109 20. S, Ingalls, 3.4 in 52. Total Jackson a V., 3-4 in. 1, Total . . . . E. Jefferson, 3–4 in., 38. Total . . . . W. Jefferson, 3-4 in., 24. Total . FCellog, 3-4 in. 1, Total . . . . . . . . E. Ringsley, 3-4 in. 43, Total W. Ringsley, 3-4 in. 3, Total. . . . Lawrence, 3–4 in. 27, Total E. Liberty, 3-4 in., 64; 1 in., 1; 2 in., 2; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Liberty, 3-4 in. 68, Total . . . . Lincoln av., 3-4 in. 16, Total Linden av., 3-4 in. 4, Total . . Mack Road, 3-4 in., 4. Total . . . . E. Madison, 3–4 in., 27, Total . . . . W. Madison, 3–4 in. 16, Total N. Main, 3–4 in., 108; 1 1-2 in., 1; 2 in., 4; 4 in., 1; Total . . . . S. Main, 3-4 in., 145; 2 in., 2; 3 in., 1; 4 in., 4; 6 in., 1; Total . . Martin, 3–4 in. 3, Total Mary Court, 3–4 in. 8, Total . . Mary, 3-4 in. 15, Total . . . . . . . . Maynard, 3-4 in. 24, Total Michigan av., 3-4 in. 21, Total . . Mill, 3-4 in. 2, Total . . . . . . . . . . Miller a V., 3-4 in. 35, Total * Minerva, 3-4 in. 4, Total Moore, 3-4 in. 1, Total Monroe, 3-4 in. 36, Total Murray a V., 3–4 in. 14, Total . . . . Oakland av., 3-4 in. 35, Total . . N. Observatory, 3-4 in. 3, Total S. Observatory, 3-4 in. 17, Total Olivia, 3–4 in. 22, Total OSWego, 3-4 in. 8, Total . . . . . . . . Oxford Road, 3-4 in. 11, Total Packard, 3–4 in., 144; 2 in., Total Park Terrace, 3-4 in. 2, Total . . Philliip, 3-4 in. 3, Total . . Pontiac, 3–4 in. 12, Total R’rospect, 3-4 in. 21, Total Second, 3–4 in., 34; 4 in., 1; To- tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Seventh, 3-4 in. 6, Total . . . . S. Seventh, 3-4 in. 27, Total . Sixth, 3–4 in, 8, Total Spring, 3-4 in. 28, Total N. State, 3-4 in. 37, Total S. State, 3-4 in., 129; 1 in., 3 1-4 in., 1; 2 in., 1; 4 in., 1; in., 1; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Summit, 3–4 in. 9, Total W. Summit, 3–4 in. 4, Total Sybil, 3-4 in. 4, Total Tappan, 3–4 in., 8, Total N. Thayer, 3-4 in. 26, Total . . . . S. Thayer, 3-4 in. 55, Total . . . . Third, 3-4 in. 31, Total Thompson, 3-4 in. 52, Total . . Traver, 3-4 in. 6, Total . . . . . . . . Twelfth, 3-4 in. 42, Total E. Univ. av., 3-4 in. 87, Total . S. Univ. av., 3-4 in. 51, Total . . N. Univ. av., 3-4 in., 14; 2 in., 1; 4 in., 2; Total * * * * * * * * e e º e º º • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e. e. a q e e * e º 'º - e. e e s e < e < * * * e e e º 'º - © tº e e s - e. e. e. e. 114 Vaughn, 3-4 in. 14, Total . . . . . . 14 Vinewood Boulevard, 3–4 in. 3, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Volland, 3–4 in. 16. Total . . . . . . 16 Wall, 3-4 in. 6, Total . . . . . . . . . . 6 Walnut, 3-4 in. 7, Total . . . . . . . . 7 E. Washington, 3–4 in., 8:8; 1 in., 2; 2 in., 3; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 W. Washington, 3–4 in., 6.5; 4 in., 1; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Washtenaw av., 3–4 in., 54; 1 1-4 in., 4; 2 in., 1; Total . . . . . . . . 59 Wells, 3–4 in. 16, Total . . . . . . . . 16 Willard, 3–4 in. 15, Total . . . . . . 15 IE. Williams, 3-4 in. 28, Total 28 W. Williams, 3-4 in., 12; 3 in., 1; 6 in., 1. Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Wilmot, 3-4 in. 20, Total . . . . . . 20 Wright, 3-4 in. 3, Total . . . . . . . . 3 Total 3-4 in. services . . . . . . . . . . 35.75 Total 1 in. services . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Total 1 1-4 in. services . . . . . . . . 7 Total 1 1-2 in. services . . . . . . . . 3 Total 2 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Total 3 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Total 4 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Total 6 in. services . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.30 Under pavement, 3-4 in. . . . . . . 99.4 Under pavement, 1 in. . . . . . . . . . . 6 Under pavement 1 1-4 in. . . . . . . 7 Under pavement, 1 1-2 . . . . . . . . 3 Under pavement, 2 in . . . . . . . . . . 22 Under pavement, 3 in. . . . . . . . . 2 . Under pavement, 4 in. . . . . . . . . 11 Under pavement, 6 in. . . . . . . . . 2 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.7 SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES. The preceding table is a record of the services in use up to October 1, 1911. From October 1 to December 31, 1911 there were added the fol- lowing: Size, 3–4 in. Size 1 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size 1 1-4 in. Size 1 1-2 in. Size 2 in. Size 6 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Making the record complete to Jan- uary 1, 1911 as follows: • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e º e º s e Total 3-4 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . 36.17 Total 1 in. services . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Total 1 1-4 in. services . . . . . . . . 13 Total 1 1-2 in. Services . . . . . . . . 4 Total 2 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Total 3 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Total 4 in. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Total 6 in services . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Grand total of services . . . . . . 3.684 Under pavement, 3-4 in. . . . . . . 99.4 Under pavement, 1 in. . . . . . . . . 9 Under pavement, 1 1-4 in. . . . . . . 13 !, TJnder pavement, 1 1-2 in. . . . . . . 4 |Under pavement, 2 in. . . . . . . . . 23 Under pavement, 3 in. . . . . . . . . 2 Under pavement, 4 in. . . . . . . . . 11 Under pavement, 6 in. . . . . . . . . 3 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059 |METERS SET. Table VII. Crown, 5-8 in., 46; 3-4 in., 52; 1 in., 41; 1 1-2 in., 4; 2 in., 20; 4 in., 4; 6 in., 1; Total . . . . 168 Crown “5-8X,” 5–8 in., 3, Total. . 3 Crown, Ext. Dial, 5–8 in., 1; 3-4 in., 1; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Standard, 5-8 in., 1; 3-4 in., 96; 1 in., 1; 2 in., 2; 3 in., 2; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Union, 5-8 in., 1; 3–4 in., 1; 1 in., 2; 2 in., 14; 3 in. 1; Total . . . . 19 Nilo, 2 in. 4, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Hersey, 3-4 in. 1, Total . . . . . . . . 1 Gem, 3 in. 3, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Empire, 5-8 in., 1; 3-4 in., 3; 1 - in., 1; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Trident, 2 in. 2, Total . . . . . - * e s e e 2 King Disc., 3-4 in., 1. Total 1. Total 5-8 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Total 3-4 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Total 1 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Total 1 1-2 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Total 2 in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 42 Total 3 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Total 4 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Total 6 in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Table IX. (CAST IRON SUMMARY. Total length of pipe in feet, 4 in., 19,075; 6 in., 150,670; 8 in., 11,452; 10 in., 2,947; 12 in., 11,836; 14 in., 5,219; 16 in., 3,010. Grand total . . . . . . 203,809 Total weight of pipe in tons, 4 in.., 209.04; 6 in., 25 04.02; 8 in., 294.06; 10 in., 90.50; 12 in., 478.03; 14 in., 233.81; 16 in., 192.13; Grand total . . . . . 40 0 1.59 Weight of specials in tons . . 100.04 Weight of lead in pounds. . 147,629 SOIL. Easy digging, in feet, 4 in., 17128; 6 in., 84.798; 8 in., 6439; 10 in., 2947; 12 in., 6989; 14 in., 339; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,640 Medium digging, in feet, 6 in., 38728; 8 in., 1318; 12 in., 4847; 14 in., 980; 16 in., 3010; To- tal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,883 IHard digging, in feet, 4 in., 1947; 21. 6 in., 27144; 8 in., 3695; 14 in., 3900; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,686 TJnder Concrete Pavement, in feet, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,024 Under other pavement, in feet, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,214 Gates, 4 in., 29; 6 in., 178; 8 in., 16; 10 in., 4; 12 in , 11; 14 in., 4; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Hydrants, 6 in., 240; 8 in., 12; Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Stand pipes, Total . . . . . . . . 4 Flush tank connections, Total 157 Services, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,684 Meters, set, Total . . . . . . . . 310 Meters, on hand, Total 97 CROSSINGS. TJnder D. J. & C. Track, Total 19 Under City Car Track, Total . . . . 35 TJnder A. A. R. R. Track, To- all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 TJnder M. C. R. R. Track. To- tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Onder Huron River, Total . l Under culverts, Total . . . . . . 13 COST SUMMLARY. Table X. Pipe and Specials . . . . . . $ 113,500.15 209.04 tons 4 in. pipe 5,539.56 3.366.61 tons. 6 in.—12 in., (incl.) . . . . . . 82,481.95 425.94 tons 14 in.—16 in., (incl.) . . . . . . 10,222.56 100.04 tons specials . . 5,002.00 Freight on 4101.63 tons 6,152.45 Cartage on 4101.63 tons 4,101.63 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 113,500.15 Lead, (147,629 lbs.) * 7,382.00 Gates, (259) . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,860.50 17 Only 3-4 to 2 in. gates, Set, . . . . . . . $ 200.00 29 only 4 in. gates, Set 353.50 178 only 6 in. gates, Set 3,854.00 16 only 8 in. gates, set 69 6.00 4 only 10 in. gates, set 132.00 11 Only 12 in. gates, set 38 5.00 4 only 14 in. Bates, set 24 0.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,860.50 Hydrants (252) set com— plete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,500.00 240 only 6 in. hydrants, With pipe . . . . . . . . 18,000.00 12 only 8 in. hydrants, With pipe . . . . . . . . 1,500.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19,500.00 Stand pipes, (4) . . . . . . . . - 28 0.00 Flush tank connections, (157) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,334.50 Crossings (79) track, riv- * er and culvert . . . . . . 2,500.00 22. Labor and superintend- eIl Ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.255.00 17,128 ft. 4 in. pipe in easy digging . . . . 4,282.00 1,947 ft. 4 in. pipe in hard digging . . . . . 739.86 $4,798 ft. 6 in. pipe, easy diššing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,439.40 38,728 ft. 6 in. pipe, med- ium digging . . . . . . . . . . 13,554.80 27,144 ft. 6 in. pipe, hard digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,400.48 t;,439 ft. 8 in. pipe, easy digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253.65 1,318 ft. 8 in. pipe, med- lum dišging . . . . . . . . . . 527.20 3,695 ft. 8 in. pipe, hard digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,773.60 2,947 ft. 10 in, pipe, easy digèing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,326.15 5,989 ft. 12 in. pipe, easy digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,843.95 *4,847 ft. 12 in. pipe, med- ium digging . . . . . . . . . . 2,908.20 339 ft. 14 in. pipe, easy digging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220.35 980 ft. 14 in. pipe, med- ium digging . . . . . . . . . • * 686.00 3,900 ft. 14 in. pipe, hard digging . . . . . . . . . . 3,042.00 3,010 ft. 16 in. pipe, medium digging . . . . . . . . 2,257.50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $74,255.15 Cutting through and re- placing pavement . . . . . . $23,422.50 24,024 ft. trench, Con- Crete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 12,012.00 15,214 ft. trench, Other kinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,410.50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $23,422.50 Services, total cost of pipe and laying . . . . . . . $ 50,583.00 2623 only 3-4 in. not un- der pavement . . . . . . . . . $ 28,853.00 994 Only 3-4 in. under pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,880.00 9 only 1 in. under pave- ment . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - 189.00 13 only 1 1-4 in. un- der pavement . . . . . . . . . 2.86.00 4 only 1 1-2 in. under pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.00 23 only 2 in. under pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . 575.00 2 only 3 in. under pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.00 11 Only 4 in. under pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . 429.00 1 only 4 in. not un- der pavement . . . . . . . . . 30.00 1 only 6 in. not un- der pavement . . . . . . . . . k 40.00 3 only 6 in. under - pavement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.00 36.84 Services'. $ 50,583.00 Wrought iron pipe, total - cost of pipe and laying. . $ 13,188.59 320 ft. 3-4 in. pipe . . . 80.00 10,909 ft. 1 in. pipe . . . 3,054.52 6,153 ft. 1 1-4 in. pipe . . 2,030.49 9,381 ft. 1 1-2 in. pipe . . 3,564.78 11,147 ft. 2 in. pipe 4,450.80 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13,188.59 Water meters, Set . . . . . . . $ 11,391.00 53 only 5-8 in. meters . . $ 893. 50 155 only 3-4 in. meters 3,566.00 45 only 1 in. meters . . . . 1,676.50 4 only 1 1-2 in. meters. . 24 0.00 42 only 2 in. meters . . . . 2,810.00 6 only 3 in. meters . . . . 620.00 4 only 4 in. meters 1,060.00 1 Only 6 in. meter 525.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 11,391.00 Water meters, on hand . . $ 2,122.00 1 only 1–4 in. meter . . . . $ 8.00 1 only 1-2 in. meter (hot Water) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 27 only 5-8 in. meters . . . . 300.00 44 only 3-4 in. meters. . . . . 824.00 10 only 1 in. meters . . . . . . 210.00 2 Only 1 1-2 in. meters . . 7 5.00 8 only 2 in. meters 425.00 1 only 4 in. meter . . . . . . 250.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,122.00 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . . . $325,319.38 Engineering and Contin- gencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,328.00 Estimated reproduction Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $347,647.38 CHUBB ROAD RESERVOIR. Estimated Reproduction Cost. Table XI. * Reservoir Complete . . . . . . $ 8,965.00 Open type earth basin, 90 ft. by 90 ft. On the bottom, 197 ft. by 197 ft. On the inside at the top of the embankment and nearly 18 ft. deep. The embankment has inside slopes of about 1 on 3 ft., outside slopes of about 1 on 1-2 or 2 ft., and top width of 10 ft. The inside is - paved with cobble Stone and the outside Sodded. The inlet pipe, is surrounded by a cobble stone rock- ery nearly to its height. The check Valve in the outlet pipe is con- tained in a masonry box on the bot- tom of the basin. 'The basin is sur- rounded by a fence, and an obser- vation tower has been constructed by the Company in order that sight- seers may look into it without lia- 23. bility of contaminating the supply. The estimated quantities are: Embankment, including excava- tion, . . . . . . . . . . . . 5437 cu. yd. Cobble stone paving . . 4423 cu. yd. Cobble Stone rockery . . 122 cu. yd. Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 cu. yd. Sodding . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137 sq. yd. Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.55 M ft Building for spectators NO. 1 PUMPING STATION: Building, Machinery and Equipment. Reproduction Cost. Table XII. Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,361.80 Foundations and excava- - tion . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * $ 652.00 1150 cu. ft. Stone 1290 cu. ft. Concrete 100 cu. yj. excavation Floor paving . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.40 650 sq. ft. vitrified brick 580 sq. ft. Common brick - 940 Sq. ft. Concrete Walls, roofs and partitions 4,086.40 15.7 M Sills, Studding, joists, etc. 11.9 M. Shea thing .75 M. Flooring 87.60 Cu. ft. Brick 182 cu. ft. Stone' Sills 600 lbs. Steel Roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 6.00 10.7 sq.S. Slate 17.3 sqs. shingle 26.25 SqS. Composition Doors (11) . . . . . . . . . 225.00 Windows (24) . . . . . . 190.00 Painting and Varnish- ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,00 Sundries and miscel- laneous . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.00 Boilers and Equipment . . $ 6, 190.50 Stephen – Pratt Boiler (1904) 72 in. by 16 ft. - (set) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,406.70 990 cu. ft. concrete foundation 16.1 M common brick in setting 3.7 M fire brick in setting Lump, erection, frieght, etc. Brennen Boiler (1910) 72 in. by 16 ft. (set) . . 1,406.7 0 990 cu. ft. concrete foundation 16.1 M common brick ºr settir.g 3.7 M fire brick in setting Lump, erection, freight, etc. Lansing Boiler (1889) 72 in. 16 ft. (set) 1,406.7 0 990 cu. ft. concrete foundation 16.1 M common brick in setting 3.7 M fire brick in setting Lump, erection, freight, etc. Smoke stack, 3 ft. by 3 ft. by 91 ft. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,446.40 51.4 M common brick 8.4 M fire brick Breeching (in place) 3 ft. dia.m. by 17 ft. long . 84.00 Boiler feed pump (1889) . . 150.00 FCnowles, duplex, 5 in. by 3 in. by 7 in. (in place) - Feed water heater (1885) P&nowles (in place} Feed water heater (1911) Cochrane (in place) Pumping equipment . . . . . $ 23.972.90 Gordon pump, 2 mil. . gal. (1889) Overhauled 1910. Tandem COIri- pound duplex condens- ing, 14 by 26 by 14 by 18, and Gordon pump, 7 º 8 1-2 by 9 duplex Contiensing, etc. (set) 16.4 M brick foundation 612 cu. ft. stone foundation 115 cu. ft. cap stone Lump, erection, freight, etc. PCnowles pump, 1.8 mil. gal. (1885) overhauled 1910. Tandem COIIl- pound duplex condens- ing, 13 by 24 by 12 by 18, and Knowles pump, 7 by 11 by 12, condens- ing, etc., (set) 14.2 M brick foundation 460 cu. ft. Stone masonry 98 cu. ft. cap stone Lump, erection, freight, etc. Blake pump, 3 mil. gal. (1910) low pressure, du- plex non-condensing, 12 by 16 by 18, (set) 1,06 5.00 80 cu. ft. concrete foundation Lump, erection, freight, etc. Laidlaw - Dunn - Gordon pump, 3 mil. gal. (1910) CrOSS Cornpound, duplex condensing, 16 1–2 by 32 by 10 by 30, and Knowles pump, 5 1–2 by 8 by 7, duplex, etc. - 9, 592.00 2250 cu. ft. concrete foundation Lump, erection, freight, etc. Gordon c on d e n s in g pump 1890) overhauled 1910. 12 by 17 by 12 fly Wheel pattern, (set) 1,005.00 75 cu. ft. stone foundation Lump, erection, freight, etc. Blake pump, 1.5 mil. gal. (1894) rebuilt 1910. Duplex, non-condensing, 10 by 12 by 12, (set) 453, 50 54 cu. ft. concrete foundation Lump, freight, erection, etc. 75.00 215.00 5,224.90 5,666.50 * * * * * * * * * . Vacuum oil separator (in place) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6.00 Gauge b o a r d s a n d Balışes . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - 200.00 24. Miscellaneous machinery and fittings . . . . . . . . . º Lighting equipment . . . . . . $ Station lights and wiring. Piping, see table in appen. 1.959. 40 All Wrought iron piping installed except for wells, etc. Collecting basin . . . . . . . . . 2,345.00 Suction Well . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,327.00 River Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,617.00 Suction piping . . . . . . . . . . 5,357.00 All piping to suction well, river and purification plant. Side track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254.00 Ditch and fences . . . . . . . . 150.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 49,998.00 Engineering and contingen- cies, 10 per cent. . 4,999.80 Estimated reproduc- COSt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 54,997.80 NO. 2 PUMPING STATION. Building, Machinery and Equipment. Reproduction Cost. Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,235.25 IFoundations and excava- tions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518.00 144 cu. ft. COn Crete 176 cu. ft. Stone 2.64 M brick lump, grading and excavation Floor paving . . . . . . . . . . 110.60 1580 sq. ft. vitrified brick Walls, roof and parti- tions . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,002.45 9.10 M sills, sttudding, joists, etc. 16.50 M sheating 1.65 IMI Brick 530 lbs. pipe columns Roofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.50 3.80 SqS. shingle 27.75 sq.S. Composition Doors, (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.00 Windows, (28) . . . . . . . . 107.70 Painting and varnish- ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.00 Sundries and miscellane- t OUIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.00 E Oilers and equipment . . $ 4,987.20 Dayton boiler (1898) 72 in. by 16 ft. (set) 1,423.10 990 Cu. ft. Concrete foundation 16 M common brick in setting 3.6 M fire brick in setting lump erection, freight, etc. T3 rennen boiler (1908) 66 in. by 16 ft. (set) 1,423.10 990 Cu. ft. Concrete foundation 16 M common brick in setting 3.6 M fire brick in setting lump erection, freight, etc. * * * * * * * Smoke stack, (1904) 3 ft. 9 in. by 100 ft. high BOiler breeching (in place) 36 in. by 36 in. by 16 1-2 in. Weight 1810 lbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boi.er feed pump (1898) in place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cornwell Belt drive Boiler feed pump (1900) 5 in. by 3 in. by 6 in. . . 93. 50 Foundation, freight, erection, etc. (lump) TJpright engine, C. C. Wormer, 4 by 5, 4 H. P. 72.50 Foundation, freight, erection, etc. (lump) Feed water heater, 20 in. by 12 in. home make . . 75.00 Pump equipment . . . . . . . . $ 7,158.50 Deane pump, • gal. (1896), tandem compound duplex non- condensing, size, 12 by 20 by 11 by 18 (set) 1,340.50 204 cu. ft. concrete foundation 42 cu. ft. bed Stone lump erection, freight, etc. Laidlaw - Dunn - Gordon pump, 2 mil. gal. (1907) cross compound duplex 1,750.00 115.00 35.00 condensing, size, 14 by 26 by 8 3-4 by 24, re- built in 1911, and En Owles Condensing pump, 5 by 8 by 7 (set) 5,628.00 1054 cu. ft. Concrete foundation lump erection, freight, etc. Miscellaneous machin- ery and fittings (lump) 19 0.00 Lighting equipment . . . . . 97.00 Dynamo, 120 volt, belted (1906) 1 K. W., 1425 R. P. M. Station lights and wiring (lump) Foundation and erection ( lump) iPiping 841.74 All wrought iron piping except for wells, etc. e e º e º e º e º 'º e º se e º º Suction piping . . . . . . . . . . 1,069.50 356.5 ft. 18 in. cast iron pipe Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16,389.19 Engineering and contin- gencies, 10 per cent. 1,638.92 Estimated reproduc- tion cost . . . . . . . . . $ 18,028.11 " THE waTER supply. The company is possessed of a wa- ter supply from ground SOUII*C eS announting to about 1,600,000 gallons daily, and during the past year has supplied an average of 2.148,780 gal- lons per day, the surplus being made up of Ozonized river water. The Ozon- izing plant, the cost of which is pre- 25. Sented in Table 4 of Appendix IV has been very largely developed in its present location, and the development CoSt Would not appear in a duplicate installation. The ground water sup- ply has been secured at a large ex- pense; and no inventory of the now existent physical property can pos- sibly indicate the cost of this sup- ply, as many wells have been bored Without securing water and consid— erable investments have been made for very small returns. These expe- riences are the natural and usual a C- Companiments of the development of ground water supplies and render , it next to impossible to appraise them directly. Appendix IV gives in de- tail the estmated reproductve cost of the Construction and rights now ex- isting, appurtenant to the Water Sup- ply, but do not include the water it- self. For the purposes of this investiga- tion it has been determined to make use of the commonly accepted meth- Od of duplication to establish tole Values of the Water supply. The Val- ues in Appendix IV a Jove indicated, have therefore been excluded from the estimated cost of reproduction and in their place a value of the water Supply, delivered at the pump suc- tions has been substituted. To ar- rive at this value it has been assumed, as the least expensive method of procuring water of equivalent char- acter, that 3. slo W Sand filtration plant Would be constructed at Station No. 1, which would supply 1,600,000 gal- lones daily of filtered water to re- place the ground water, and that the plant Similarly located and using hypo-chlorite of lime would supply the Water to replace that coming from the present of one plant. The cost. of a filtration plant of 1,600,000 gallons daily capacity has been estimated from plans prepared in the office of the writer to be $60,- 000, and the cost of operation is estimated at $3.50 per million gallons delivered. An annual allowance of Six per cent for interest and depre- ciation is estimated on the COSt, amounting to $3,600. It is also esti- mated that the Cost of the hypo-chlor- ite treatment including interest and depreciation, Would be $1 per million gallons. From the records of the company it appears that the present costs of pumping Water are as follows: At Station No. 1. w For fuel alone, $8.25 per million gallons. * - , Water alone at $17,282.37 which For attendance $7.28 per million gallons. Total station expenses $15.53 million gallons. At Station No. per 9. For fuel alone, $4.96 per million gallons. For attendance $9.87 per million gallons. Total station expenses, $14.83 per million gallons. Of the water pumped during the past year 47 5.3 million gallons Was handled at Station No. 1, and 309 million gallons at Station No. 2. TO have pumped all the Water at Sta- tlon No. 1 would have alſTected the expenses there to the extent of the • fuel only, as the present attendance is sufficient for the Work. To add 309 million gallons to the output of Station No. 1 Would there- fore cost 309 by $8.25 equals $2,550. Under the assumed conditions of the duplicate supply the annual Charges Would be: Pumping 47 5.3 miliion Callons at $15.53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7,402 Pumping 309 million gallons at $8.25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,550 Filtering 584 million gallons at $3.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,044 Chloriting 200.3 million gallons at e ſº e º 'º e º e º 'º º º 'º we e º is tº º ºs e tº e º tº & tº $200 Total Operation . . . . . . . . . . . $12,196 Interest and depreciation. On filter at 6 per cent. $3.600 Total annual charges $15,796 Under the present conditions the <º e º & ſº gº e º tº e º ſº tº º COrresponding charges have been : Pumping 47 5.3 mil. gal . . . . . . $7,402 Pumping 309 mil. gal. . . . . . . . . 4, 585 Total annual charges . . . . . $11,987 The difference between these chair- ges is $3,809 which, when capitalized at five percent, gives $76, 180 as the Value of the water supply System, and the value of $75,000 is there- fore adopted. This sum replaces in the inventory the following items: Water rights at Sta. No. 2 . . $3,500.00 Piping and well at Sta. No. 1, 9,157.40 Piping and wells at Sta. No. 2, 25, 77 3.05 OZone plant and filter, at Station No. 1, . . . . . . . . . . 19,287.18 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57,717.63 Deducting this sum from the value adopted for the water supply as a Whole, Would leave the value of the iS Certainly low , enough for a supply of 2,000,000 gallons of water daily. 26. Beal Estate. The present worth real estate Val- ation is summarized as follows: Station No. 1. One piece containing 12.25 acres, . . . . • $1,225.00 One piece containing about 2.2 š. • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • a s a e e º a e e s a e s • * * * * * Station No. 2. City lots Jewett’s addition $ 6,500.00 More lots, Jewett’s addition, 1,200.00 Parts secs. 29 and 30, Ann Arbor, 6.75 a.Cres . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000.00 Two and 3–10ths acres, 460.00 Three and 1-3 acres, 1,000.00 Reservoir site, 4 acres, 400.09 Force main right-of-Way, 2 a CreS Stand pipe location, 500.00 1,800.00 • a s s a e º 'º e s s is e º 'º - a º e e s e a s e e s tº * * * * * * * Office Equipment. Estimated reproduction Cost, $ 1,800.00 e e º a me tº e o & 2,500.00 NO. 1 PUMPING STATION Supplies—Reproduction CoSt. tº gº & tº $ tº • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Table XVI. Cast iron pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 421.62 Specials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº ſº 159.78 Valves . . . . . . . . . . e & e º e s $ tº 88.04 Bends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.89 Wrought iron pipe fittings 21.04 Specials . . . . . . . . e is a e º ſº e º º 14.55 Couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.42 Bushings . . . . . . . . e e º e º 'º º º .45 Unions, iron, black . . . . . . . 1.38 Miscellaneous (non-depre- ciating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2.15 Miscellaneous (depreciat- ing . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * 779.50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,133.82 NO. 2 PUMPING STATION. Supplies and Equipment—Reproduc- tion CoSt. Table XVII. Cast iron pipe . . . . . . . . . . . 50 7.25 Gates, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.00 Specials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.50 Wt. iron pipe and fittings. . 76.21 Vitrified Sewer CrOCk . . . . . 14.21 Miscellaneous (non-depr.). 749. 53 Miscellaneous (depr.) 9 36.50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,557.20 AIPPENDIX I. AN OF DINANCE relative to Water Works. (Passed June 1, 1885. $18,305.00 Contract agreed to May 6, 1885.). Whereas, The mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the City of Ann Arbor have by resolution declared it expe- dient to have constructed Works for the purpose of supplying the City of Ann Arbor and the inhabinants there- of with water; and that it is expe- dient, for said city to build such works; and Whereas, The Ann Arbor Water Company has been organized under the Statutes of the State for the Con- Struction of such works; and Whereas, It has thereby become the duty of the common council of thls City to grant to such Company Such right to the use of the streets, sidewalks, lanes, alleys and public grounds in such city as Shall be necessary for the supply Of Water for the use of this city and its in- habitants; and Whereas, The said Ann Arbor Wat- er Company have made and executed with the common council of this city, a contract bearing date the Sixth day of May, A. D. 1885, wherehy the Said company agree to furnish Water for said City and its inhabitants upon the terms and conditions in said Con- tract mentioned; therefore, * Be it Ordained by the Mayor, Record- er and Aldermen of the City of Ann Arbor: That the exclusive right and privil- ege of executing and constructing water works within the city, and of laying and continuing water pipes along and across any and all Of the Streets, sidewalks, lanes, al-eys and public grounds in said city; and of Supplying water for the city and for its inhabitants, be and is hereby granted and secured to the Ann Ar- bor Water Company, upon the con- dition and under the restrictions in such contract mentioned, so long as Said company shall continue to Sup- ply water for said city and for the inhabitants thereof, and shall comply With the restrictions and conditions in such contract named and imposed. Which contract is as follows, to-wit:- The Contract. Articles of Agreement: Made this 6th day of May, A. D. 1885, between the “Mayor, Recorder and Aldermen of the city of Ann Arbor,” parties of the first part, and “The Ann Arbor Water Company,” a corporation Or- ganized and 'existing by virtue of Chapter 84, of Howell’s Annotated Statutes of Michigan, party of the Second part. sº 27. Witnesseth: The party of the second part, hereby agrees and contracts with the parties of the first part, to build in the city of Ann Arbor, in the State of Michigan, a complete System of water works, on the reservior and pumping plan. The top of the reser- Voir shall be located not less than one hundred and fifty-five feet above the intersection of Main and Huron streets in said city, or at the point designated on the map and plans Of Professor C. F. Greene, now cm file in the Office of the recorder of the city of Ann Arbor. The reservoir shall be made of earth, shall be pud- dled with clay, paved on the bottom and (on) the sides with cobblestones, and shall hold not less than two mil- lion gallons. The party of the second part shall maintain in said reservoir from one million to eighteen hundred thousand gallons of water, and at no time shall allow it to fall below seven hundred and fifty thousand gallons, except. When necessary to cleanse the same. or in case of unavoidable accident, and during such time or times it shall maintain by direct pressue a sufficient Supply of water for fire and domestic use, and shall keep up steam and also an engineer on hand ready to act in case of fire. The reservoir Shali Whenever ruecessary. The inlet pipes to the reservoir Shall be one foot above the bottom thereof, and shall be so arranged that the water pumped into said res- ervoir shall pass in a pipe up through the Same above the level of the water, and then fall on a stone rockery so as to give the water more aeration. A drain pipe shall be provided to empty the reservoir. w The banks of the reservoir shall be Seeded and sodded. The party of the second part shall furnish and set up pumping machin- ery capable of pumping fifty thousand gallons of water per hour into the reservoir, and of ample power and capacity for all requirements. A con- nection between the force main and the distributing main shall be put in to allow a direct pressure from the pump in case of emergency. The works shall at all times be ca- pable of throwing by reservoir pres– Sure, Six Streams eighty feet high at the court house at one time; and by direct pressure, the same number of Streams at the same place one hun- dred and ten feet high. And again five streams fifty-four feet high at the University campus, and the same be Cleansed number of streams at the same place by direct pressure, ninety feet high. In the construction of these works, the party of the Second part shall fol- low the plans submitted by Prof. C. F. Greene, for the sizes and location of the distributing pipes, except so far as they have been or may hereafter be changed by the mutual consent of the parties thereto. The said plans and maps so as aforesaid submitted by Prof. C. E. Greene, now on file in the Office of the city recorder and marked exhibit “A” are hereby made a part of this COntract. The party of the second part shalii lay pipes sixteen inches to four jnches inclusive, not less than fourteen, miles in length; and any excess of said four- teen miles as shown on the said plans and maps, shall be laid down within the territory now covered by said plan, unless the parties hereto other- Wise mutually agree. Not more than one mile of four inch pipe shall be laid down, and for the change so made in the plan Of Prof. C. E. Greene, from four to six inch pipe, the parties of the first part Shall pay to the party of the second part the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars every six months after the rent of said work commences. The Said pipes shall be first-class cast iron pipes and shall be laid be- low freezing point. On the length of the pipes so con- Structed as a foresaid, the party of the Second part shall locate and main- tain one hundred fire hydrants, for Which they shall furnish at all times the necessary supply of water, and Shall keep the same in good order and at all times ready for use. The said hydrants shall be either Chapman, Ludlow or Pattee & Per- kins hydrants, and shall all be three nozzled, one steamer and two lead- ing hose, and on these fourteen miles Of pipe the parties of the first part may locate as many additional hyd- ran tS as they may see fit which shall be set and maintained by the parties Of the first part on the terms here- in after named. The parties of the first par, shall have the right to send an expert to the foundry at which the pipes are be- ing Cast to inspect the same, and the material from which they are made. The party of the second part agrees that such pipe shall be subjected to a hydraulic pressure of three hundred pounds to the square inch at , the foundry aforesaid, and that such tests shall be made in the presence of an 38. expert so to be sent as aforesaid. The expense of the said expert shall be borne by the parties of the first part. But in case the parties of the first part should decide not to send such expert, the party of the second part shall furnish the parties of the first part a sworn statement that the pipes have been tested as provided for in this contract. t The said party of the second part shall subject the entire system of pipes, gates and hydrants to a pres- sure of one hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch, after the same are laid, constructed or put in, before the rental Of the same sha'ºl common Ce. The party of the second part Shali also set valves or gates not less than seventy-five in number, and all double faced, which shall all open one Way and which shall be of uniform size in nut that shall fit one wrench. The party of the second part shall Cause the pipes to be laid on Such side of the streets of said city as may be directed by said first parties or their representatives; and all gate boxes are to be adjusted so as to fit the grade of any street. EVery hydrant on the main pipe Shall have a gate until a point is reached that gives two mains to the City aforesaid. The said second party shall lay at its own expense a service pipe to the Curb Stone for all persons that may make application for water this sea- SOIl. - The said second party on the com- pletion of said works, shall make a map showing the size and location Of all pipes, gates, hydrants, etc., and deposit the same with the city re- COrder, for the use of the said parties of the first part. The location of the gates and hydrants shall be subject to the approval of the parties of the first part. - The said entire works shall be first- Class in every respect, suitable for all these requirements, full, e cient, and ready to respond at a 1 times, unavoid- able accidents excepted: Provided however, In case of a temporary fail- ure to supply such water for a period eXceeding one week, all compensa- tion shall cease until the works are again in operation, under this con- tract. w NO hydrants shall be located on a four inch pipe. The parties of the first part shall have the right to use the water to test their hose and to afford them a reasonable practice for their firemen. The said Water Works shall be com- hydrant; pleted and water turned on, On Or before the first day of January, A. D. 1886. - l - .* For the service, and continued Sup- ply of water, as above specified, the parties of the first part hereby agree to pay to the party of the Second part the sum of four thousand dollars per annurn, payable semi-arinually, from and after the time when said water works shall be completed and in operation, in addition to the five hundred dollars above named, and when further hydrants shall be es— tablished by direction of the parties Of the first part to pay to the parties . (party) of the second part the first COst in place for such additional hy- drants. and the party of the second part shall supply such additional hyd- rants with water without further Charge. Similar hydrants Cr, the Same terms and conditions shall be put in On the line of said water pipes On the public streets at the request of private parties and at the expense as aforesaid. The depth at which the pipes are to be laid shall be below the fleezing point Of the grade of the streets through which they may be laid, as no W established and of record. The party of the second part shall extend the pipes above specified be- yond the said fourteen miles, when- ever Ordered by the parties of the first part, and for every seven hundred feet of six inch pipe so ordered in Such extension, the party of the sec- Ond part Shall erect and maintain one and for each hydrant so maintained the party of the second part Shall receive therefor at the rate of forty dollars per annum, payable as aforesaid. The party of the second part Shall furnish at all times a su- fficient Supp y of water, suitable for domestic purposes' to the inhabitants of the city of Ann Arbor along the lines of their water pipes, when re- Quested so to do by such inhabitants at reasonable rates, and not exceeding in amount the average sums paid by ir habitants of other cities of Michigan similarly situated and of like popu- lation; and Supplied by private com- panies. - The Said party of the second part shall furnish such water as aforesaid for manufacturing purposes, and for railroad companies on as reascriable terms as is furnished by the average Of Other Companies in this State and at a Sum not to exceed two cents for One hundred gallons. The party of the Second part fur- ther agrees to so arrange the pipes, 29. gates and relief valves that while cleansing the reservoir or for any other purpose the supply can be changed at any time from the reser- voir to direct supply from the pump. All pipes and Special castings shall be subjected to a bath of coal tar and linseed oil, according to Dr. Angus Smith's formulas. The party of the second part furth- er agrees to furnish water as aforesaid for the Michigan Central railroad company for depot and engine pur- poses at a Sum not to exceed six hun- dred dollars per annum, and for the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Northern rail- road Company such water at the Salme rates. The party of the second part, in consideration of the premises agreed when requested SO to do, to furnish water for the seven public school houses, of the said city, and the three fire engine houses, for the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars per ennum; also to furnish water for two public drinking fountains for the sum of One hundred and fifty dollars per annum; also to furnish water for washing gut- ters and flushing sewers, whether now constructed or hereafter to be built, and for the city Council room for the sum of One hundred dollars per an– num; a 'so that they will furnish water for any School house or houses, that are no W in process Of Construction, or that may hereafter be built for the sum of twenty-five dollars per an– num each. It is hereby understood that for the prices above mentioned, the parties of the first part are to have the use of all the Water that they may require, at the places above mentioned, for Water closets, urinals, drinking purposes, washing, washing hose, for supplying steam boilers and for the use of hand hose, for wash- ing windows in all the above buildings and for sprinkling the lawns, includ- ing the Court house lawn, Connected with the same. The said first parties shall not allow the water to be used in and about the buildings aforesaid to run to Waste, or to be used for motive power except when generated into steam, or the water at the public drinking fountains to be taken there- from for private use. The party Of the second part shall protect the party (parties) of the first part from and against all suits and demands on account of any in- jury resulting from any defect in highways, 'Or anything connected with , the construction or existence water works, by the said party of the second part; and they (it) shall pro- of Said' tect their (its) excavations and re- store the streets promptly to as good condition, practically, as before the works were begun; and they (it) shall secure the performance of this agreement set forth in this paragraph by a good and sufficient bond to be approved by the parties of the first part. $3 The parties of the first part do hereby grant to the party of the sec- ond part the right to lay pipes as above provided for water supply in any and all streets of the city of Ann Arbor. The said parties of the first part shall not grant such rights to any other party or parties until such time as the parties of the first part may purchase said water works; or the right of said party of the second part shall, have expired by its articles of incorporation; or it shall have lost its rights and privileges by forfeiture, or its failure to perform its part of this contract: Provided however, That all rights of laying pipes already granted by the parties of the first part shall be respected and remain in force. The parties of the first part shall have the right to purchase the entire Water works at any time they choose, and if the parties hereto cannot agree in the price to be paid therefor, the judge of the supreme court of the State of Michigan may appoint three Commissioners who shall alward the price to be paid, and said award shall be binding upon the parties. The grant to the party of the second part of the rights and privileges herein named is established by an Ordinance Of the said parties of the first part duly adopted. In witness whereof the parties hereto by their respective officers have hereunto set their hands and af- fixed their corporate seals the day and year first above written. (L. S.) The Mayor, Recorder and Aldermen of the City of Ann Airbor, by George H. Pond, Recorder, (L. S.) The Ann Arbor Water Com- pany, by Charles L. Goodhue. Pres— ident. This Ordinance shall be from and after its passage. in force APPENDIX II. PIPE CUTTINGS Examined in Determining the Depre- Ciation of the Pipe in the Distri- bution System. PIPE CUTTINGS Examined in Deter- mining the Depreciation of the Pipe 30. in the Distributing System. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. On S. Main opposite Gill Lum- ber yard. * Size, 6 inch ; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. At corner Fourth a ve. and E. Liberty Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. At corner Liberty and Ashley. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. At Corner Fourth St. ar, C. Wil- liam. Size, 6 inch;, "aid, 1885; cut out, 1907. At Huron and Seventh. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1908. At New Dental Bldg. On N. Dniversity. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1908. At New Memorial Bldg. On S. University. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1908. At New Dental Bldg. on N. University. Size, 6 inch; aid, 1885; cuf out, 1909. At Fountain and Miller Ave. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1911. On Liberty at Mack & Co. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1911. At Mill on N. Main. Supply pipe to hydrant. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1890; cut out, 1908. At Corner Wel’s and Packard. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1890; cut out, 1909. At Wells and Michigan Aves. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1891; cut out, ––. On Campus in rear of Law Building. Size, 6 inch : laid, 1897; cut out, 1906. Corner Huron and Thayel. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1898; cut out, 1907. On Fourteenth between Bel- Ser and Washington. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1900; cut out, 1906. Corner Clark and Catherine. Size, 6 inch ; laid, 1902; cut out, 1908. At Waterman Gymnasium on E. University. Size, 6 inch; laid, 1904; cut out, 1906. Opposite Engine House on E. |University. - Size, 6 inch; laid, 1905; cut out, 1909. Corner Baldwin and Israel Ave. Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. Corner W. Huron and First. Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. Corner Miller Ave. and N. Main, Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. Corner Liberty and Main. Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. On East side of Main between Liberty and Williams. Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1908. Corner Main and Ann. Size, 8 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1909. At Miller Ave and First. Size, 10 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1907. At Goodyear’s Store. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. On Huron between Maln and Fourth Ave., opposite court house. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. Discharge Main at Station No. 1. - size, 12 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. At corner State and Washing- ton. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. At High School between Huron %. and Washington. Size, 12 in ch: laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. Corner Huron and Fifth Ave. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1909. Corner State and Washington. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1902; cut Out, 1906. Corner Washington and Main. Size, 12 inch; laid, 1902; cut out, 1906. On W. Washington Opposite Ann Arbor Organ Co. Size, 14 inch; laid, 1885; cut out, 1906. On Main W. Side court house. APPENDIX III. Table I. NO. 1 PUMPING STATION Miscellaneous Machinery and Fittings —Reproduction Cost. Item No. 34 Steam gauges . $ 19.60 Item No. 35 Water Columns 40.00 Item No. 36 Lubricators, - sight feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.70 Item No. 37 Steam traps. . . 7 5.00 Item No. 38 Miscellaneous . 204.20 Item No. 39 Flue cleaners. . 125.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 506.50 TABLE II. No. 2 Pumping Station. Miscellane- ous machinery and fittings. Re- production cost. Item No. 34 Steam gauges . $ 13.00 Item No. 35 Water columns 42.00 Item No. 36 Lubricators, sight feed . . . . . . . . .T. . . . 25.40 Item No. 37 Steam traps . . 31.00 Item No. $8 Miscellaneous . 78.60 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19 0.00 TABLE III. No. 1 Pumping Station. Pipes, valves, fittings, etc. Reproduction cost. Item No. 1 pipe . . . . . . . . . . $ 432.32 Item No. 2 Elbows . . . . . . . . 61.71 Item No. 3 Tees . . . . . . iº 39.71 Item No. 4 Nipples . . . . . . . 31.65 Item No. 5 Unions, screw . 12. 1 7 Unions, flange . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.19 Item No. 6 Bushings . . . . . . 3.96 Item No. 7 Plugs . . . . . . . . . 1.44 Item No. 8 Reducing coups. 1.12 Item No. 9 3-way elbows. . ..69 31. Item No. 10 Straight elbows 1.64 Item No. 11 45 deg. elbows 13.64 Item No. 12 Crosses . . . . . . 5.66 Item No. 13 R. & L. coups. 2.06 Item No. 14 Gate valves . 176. 89 Item No. 15 Angle valves . 78.52 Item No. 16 Globe valves 12 0.61 Item No. 17 Check valves, hor. SWing . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.30 Check Valves, horiz. lift . . 2.9 Item No. 18 Safety valves . 47.30 Item No. 19 Bk. pres. Valves 33.00 Item No. 20 Faucet valves . . 50 Item No. 21 Cocks . . . . . . . . 3.68 Item No. 23 Flange elbows .60 Item No. 24 S. O. Tees. . . . . 1. 57 Item No. 25 Rºnobs . . . . . . 8.7 2 Item No. 26 Flanges . . . . . . 23.00 Item No. 27 Lock nuts . . . . .05 Item No. 28 Floor flanges . .30 Item No. 30 Soil pipe . . . . . 6. 56 Item NO. 31 Soil elbow . . . .14 Jtem No. 32 Soil tees . . . . . . 37 Item No. 33 Pipe covering 11.97 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.152.59 Installation, 70 per cent. 806. 81 Estimated reproduction Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.959.40 TABLE IV. No. 2 Pumping Station. Pipes, valves, fittings, etc. Reproduction cost. Item No. 1 Pipe . . . . . . . . . . $ 117.65 Item No. 2 Elbows . . . . . . 11.29 Item No. 3 Tees . . . . . . . . . 12.62 Item No. 4 Nipples . . . . . . . 17.84 Item No. 5 Union, Screw 7.73 Item No. 5 Union, flange 5.40 Item No. 6 Bushings . . . . . . 1, 70 Item No. 7 Plugs . . . . . . . . . .83 Item No. 8 Reduced coupls, 51 Item No. 9 3-way elbows . . .11 Item No. 10 Straight elbows .9 0 Item No. 11 45 deg. elbows 5.18 Item No. 1 2 crosses . . . . . . . 2.23 Item No. 14 Gate valves 75.17 Item No. 15 Angle valves . . 91.16 Item No. 16 Globe valves . . 50.69 Item No. 17 Check. Valves, horiz. Swing . . . . . . . . . . . 11.91 Check valves horiz lift . . . . 3.00 Item No. 18 Safety valves . 34. 20 Item No. 19 Bk. pres. valves 22.00 Item No. 20 Faucet valves , 50 Item No. 21 Cocks . . . . . . . . 6.04 Item No. 22 45 deg. angle Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.40 Item No. 27 Lock nuts . . . . ... 3 Item No. 28 Floor flanges , 10 Item No. 29 Ceiling plates . .40 Item No. 33 pipe covers 10, 24 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 495.14 Installation, 70 per cent. 346.60 Estimated reproduction cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 841.74 TAJELE V No. 1 Pumping Station. Piping to Suction Well, River Shaft and Pu- rification Plant. Reproduction cost. Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3.496.50 Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.152.00 Specials (9 tons) . . . . . . . . . 4 50.00 Manholes (6) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 0.00 Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.90 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,357.40 APPENDIX IV. Table I. WATER RIGHTS Right of Ingress and Egress Over the Following Property Conveyed to Ann Arbor Water Co. Station No. 1. 1. Cornwell Property: Exclusive right for purpose of sinking wells and laying pipe upon a piece of land in Sec. 17, bounded on , the North by East and West highway running across the west half of the Sai 3 SeC- tion; On the East by the Huron River, on the West by the Old Failroad grade running southward from said highway 300 feet, and on the South by a line drawn from said grade at a point 300 feet South from said high- way and East to the Huron River. 2. To Spring Across River, Right to lay and maintain a water pipe ex- tending from the basin near the En- gine house across parts of Sections 8 and 17 in Town 2 South Range 6 East, extending from the Huron Riv- er in a northeasterly directio o to a point about twenty-five feet north- West Of a Stone Culvert, and just a \ Ove intersection of the two streams of Water which there meet, with the right to lay and maintain a teral branches to Said main line, with the right to take and use water flowing in the natural channel along the l’ ne of piping on said lands. 3. To O’Rrien Spring near Foster : Right to lay tile in Michigan Central Railroad Right of Way from 650 feet east of Fosters Station in the South half of Section 7 in Town 2 South Range 6 East; thence easterly along tracks through the south half of Sec- tion 7, the northeast Cuarter ºf Sec- tion 18, the northwest quarter of Section 17 to a point in the last men- tioned tract opposite the Pumping Station. Station No. 2. 1. Herdman: The right of entering 32. upon all that part of land described from Martin P. Gott to William J. Herdman, recorded in JLiber 3 14 of Deeds, Page 109. - 2. Allmendinger: The right of lay- ing and maintaining lines of piping across the property of Mary W. All- mendinger. 3. Jewett’s Addition : The right of entering upon lots 32, 34, 84 and east rod of lot 86 in Samuel P. Jewett's Addition to the City of Ann Arbor. 4. Crookston: The right to lay and maintain pipe within 200 feet of the Creek across the lot owned by Mary I. Crookston, fronting One hundred ten feet on West Liberty Street and running north 35 rods and upwards. 5. Buehler: Water rights on lands owned by Charles N. Buehler Com- mencing at a point on the east and West quarter of Section 30, 7 chains and 50 links from the east quarter post at the northwest corner of lot sold by Eber White to Fitch Hill, thence west along the quarter line 18 chains and 75 links to a stake from which a hickory bears South 40 de- grees West thirty and One half links, also one east thirty-one links, thence south parallel to the east section line 13 chains, 53 links to the center of the Eber White road, thence north 73 degrees East along the center of the Said road 19 Chains and 45 links, thence north along the line parallel to the East section line 8 chains and 42 links to the place of beginning, except 6 a.Cres Of land. On the east side thereof heretofore conveyed to John Rousenberger, John Roch and George Laub engayer. The lands here- by conveyed being 14 and 57-100 a CreS. Total value of water rights, $3,500. Table I [. N.O. 1 PUMPING STATION. Outside Piping to Wells—Reproduc- tion Cost. . . *NOTE: The Suction Shaft, the River Shaft, the Collecting Basin and the Piping, Gates and Specials connect- ed thereto are not included in the above table but appear in Table Appendix and are included in the Appraisal as a part of the value of Station No. 1. Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 3, 535.75 192 ft., 12 in. pipe, . . . . $ 336.00 666 ft., 10 in., pipe, 999.00 11 ft., 8 in., pipe . . . . . . 13.75 2097 ft., 6 in., pipe, & 2,097.00 120 ft. 4 in. pipe . . . . . 90.00 se-- Tota.I. . - * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . $ 3,535.75 Specials, (1.1 tons) . . . . . . $ 55.00 Gates, set (8) . . . . . . . . . . . 191.00 Collecting gallery (1) 39 0.00 Manholes (7) . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 00 Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,317:15 529 ft. 6 in. wells, . . . . . . $ 1,322.50 628 ft. 2 1–2 in. wells, 628.00 156 ft. 2 in. Wells, . . . . . . 15 6.00' Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,317.15 Shafts, No. 1, 20 ft. diam. by 30 ft. deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,663.50 Tile . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - 79.5.00 1110 ft. 12 in. tile laid . . $ 55 5.00 880 ft. 6 in, tile laid 240.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,157.40 Table III - No. 2 Pumping Station. Wells and Piping. Reproduction Cost. - Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,093.05 1798 ft. 12 in. pipe . . . . $ 3,146.50 114 ft. 10 in. pipe 171.00 3101 ft. 8 in., pipe . . . . . . 3,876.25 955 ft. 6 in. pipe . . . . . . 95 5.00 810 ft. 4 in. pipe . . . . 607. 50 240 ft. 2 1-2 in. pipe 108.00 572 ft. 2 in. pipe . . . . . . 228.80 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9 039,05 Specials 84 tons . . . . . . . . . $ 420.00 Gates, 47 set . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,270.00 Manholes, 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . 815.00 Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,017.00 1567 ft. 6 in. Wells . . . . . . $ 3,917.50 130 ft. 8 in. Wells . . . . . . 39 0.00 384 ft. 3 & 4 in. Wells . . 576.00 587 ft. 2 & 2 1-2 in. Wells 587.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,470.00 Add 10 per cent. R s tº e º e 54.7.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 6,017.00 SHAFTS. No. 1, 20 ft. diam. by 30 ft. deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,809.50 No. 2, 20 ſt. dia.m. by 30 ft. deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699.50 No. 3, 10 ft. diam. by 15 f deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.00 No. 4, 14 ft. dia.m. by 18 ft deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720. 50 No. 5, 12 ft. diam. by 17 ft deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639.50 No. 6, 30 ft. diam. by 30 f • - deep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,816.00 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 8,158.00 Grand total . . . . . . . . . . $25,773.05 tº Table IV. - No. 1 Pumping Station. Purification Plant. Reproduction Cost. Ozone plant complete (Company’s 33. books) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $14,225.00 1 Concrete treating house. 1 Air Compressor and foundation, size 10 ft. by 11 ft. by 15 ft. Ozone £enerators, containing tank, generating tubes. inch by 7 inch. Alternating current generator, 20 k. V. a., single phase, 220 volts, 1825 R. P. M. - 3 Singie phase transformers, 500 to 220 volt. Piping, valves, belts, foundation, wiring, etc. Filter complete (vouchers) $ 3,308.80 13,- Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $17,533.80 Engineering and contingen- - Cies, 10 per cent. . . . . . . 1,753.38 Estimated reproduction cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $19,287.18 REPORT On the Extension and Improvements of the Ann Arbor Water System. Supplementary to a Report on the Valuation of the Same Dated DeC. 31, 1911, By Gardner S. Williams, Consulting Engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich. To the Honorable, The Mayor and Common Council, of the City of Ann Arbor: Sirs—In accordance with the agreement entered into on July 14, 1911, with Alderman Mainwaring, re- presenting your Water Works Com- mittee, I have the honor to submit here with a “Report on the Extension and Improvements of the Ann Arbor Water System,” showing the estimat- ed cost of the needed extensions and improvements to be Eighty-five thousand ($85,000) dollars, which is Sirs, - Very respectifully submitted, GARDNER S. WILLIAMS, Consulting Engineer. Supply—Present Sources. The present supply is obtained from three principal sources: (a) Ground water at the West Washington Street station, (Station No. 2); ground wa- ter at the River station, (Station No. 1), and river water at Station No. 1. Of the first there appears to be Con- tinuously available about 900,000 gal- lons per day; of the second about 700,000; and of the third an amount practically limited only by the capa- city of the purification Works. Present Purification Works. The water drawn from the river has, during the past year, been puri- 2 1 American Blower Engine, size 7. 1 fied by treatment with electrically gen- erated ozone, in a plant Whose pres- ent rated capacity is 2,000,000 gallons per 24 hours. All apparatus and construction included therein, except the ozone generators are of 3,000,000 gallons capacity. A 24 hour test of this piant in April, 1911, prior to its acceptance by the Water Company, showed a capacity of 2,000,000 gal- lons and a reduction of bacteria from 21,400 per cubic centimeter in the raw water to an average of 26 in the puri- fied water, when samples were devel- oped at a temperature of 37 1-2 de- grees centigrade for 48 hours. The samples were taken every three hours from a tap at the pumping station, the highest count of bacteria, being 35 and the lowest 20. No pathogenic or colon bacteria appeared in the efflu- ent though they were abundant in the river water. This represents a high degree of purification, and in this con- dition the purified water is probably better than the ground water as usual- ly supplied. It has not been found possible to determine the cost of purification ciosely, but it is probably less When fixed charges are considered than the As the Ozone plant can hardly be cost of purification by means of filtra- tion, though somewhat higher than by use of Calcium hypo-chlorite. Filtration. considered out of the experimental Stage, it may be that on account of cost of Operation, or the possible rapid deterioration of the parts Of the ap- paratus, or for some other now unsus- pected reason, its use will not be con- sidered entirely satisfactory in the fu- ture, and plans have therelior been made and estimates prepared for a slow sand filtration plant, by which there is no question Of Ootall ling a, Satisfactory water at a definite cost. This plant is designed to be located at Station No. 1, just South of the station where land is available, and to take its supply of raw water from the river. Plates I. and II. illustrate the design, and the estimated cost of such a plant, of 4,000,000 gallons daily capacity, according to these designs, is $100,000. The purification of water by slow Sand filtration has been in Common use in England Since 1829 and the city of Poughkeepsie, New York, has successfully purified a water supply from the Hudson river since 1872. The process consists of passing the water slowly through a bed of sand, on the surface of which accumulates 34. a coating of bacteria. Which prevent the passage through Of Such other . . bacteria as may be in the Water. At times this accumulation of bacteria. becomeS SO great that it has to be removed and this causes the chief expense in Operating. At the present time the entire supplies of |Philadelphia, and Washington are SO purified, as also a unajor part of that of Pittsburgh and Albany, and Of many Smaller places. - It may therefore be safely assumed that I or an investment of $100,000 a . supply of 4,000,000 gallons of Satisfac- tory water can be obtained if needed. Other Sources. The presence of ground Water in limited quantities is general through- out this region, but it seems to be confined to the veins and pockets of sand and gravel intermingling With in permeable clays. This causes great uncertainty to exist as to the Supply of ground water at any particular point. During the past two months in examining the foundation for the proposed power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison company. On the Huron river opposite the river station of the Ann Arbor Water company, three drill holes were put down in a straight line across the river, covering a distance between extreme holes Of 40 ft. Of these holes, which were each drilled to a depth of 45 feet, the first One struck a small Vein of Water at a depth of 22 feet, the middle One Was dry, and the third struck a similar vein to the first at 23 feet. A fourth hole 40 feet from the last Struck, at a depth of 27 feet a vein of water which flowed from the pipe when 6 feet above the river. The experience Of the Water company’s drillings have been similar, and though many dry holes will be found, it is nevertheless to be expected that additional water can be secured along the river Valley within reasonable distances of the present Station No. 1. The Steere Wells. Five 8-inch Wells have been drilled to a depth of about 38 feet, on the Steere farm, about four miles south of the city near the Ann Arbor rail- road, in section 16, to Wn 3 South, range 6 east. If no Other supply were available, further investigations in that locality would be warranted, but the supply as Originally developed de- creased perceptibly when the wells were allowed to flow under their nat- ural head, and to prevent further de- pletion they have been capped. Similar experiences are report- ed with other wells in the region south of the city. ASSuming, how- ever, a sufficient supply on the Steere farm, the cost of the pipe line to bring it to the city would be about $26,000. The surface of the ground at the wells is about 50 feet below that at the court house in Ann Arbor, thus necessitating the maintenance of a pumping station at the wells. Such a station would cost not less than $10,- 000 and a SSunning the supply to be one million gallons the operating charges would be at least $12.00 per million gallons or $4,380 per year. If water were Obtained, from this Source the cost of pumping at Station No. 1 , . would be reduced by the coal requir– ed to . pump a million gallons daily or . 365 times $8.25, equals $3,011, mak- ing the added annual cost at the Steere farm $1,369 for Operation. Cap- italizing at 5 per cent this represents : $27,380. This added to the costs of the station and pipe line gives as the cost of a One Inillion, gallon Supply de- livered in the city from the Steere. farm: s' - For force main . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26,000 . For station . • * * * * * * * * * * * * 10,000 For operation, capitalized . . . . 27,380 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * $63,380 This is fully twice what an equal : supply of purified river water will cost at Station No. 1, and it is there- fore, concluded that this source may be dismissed from furtner considera– tion. - - Most Available Supply. The most available, and the only surely adequate supply is the Huron river. The ozone purification plant seems sufficient both in magnitude and ' quality of Output for present needs, and if this a SSumption be proven in- correct by further experience, we may be assured that an ample supply for the needs of a city twice the size of Ann Arbor can be obtained and prop- erly purified at a cost of $100,000. Recommendation. It is the writer’s recommendation that the supply be continued as at present unless it shall later appear that the method of purification is Over-expensive Or imperfect. - The Present System. The existing System is well laid out So far as the general features are con- cerned, and the sizes of the mains are 35. in general sufficient. Some criticism has been heard of small pipe in the system and the fol- lowing comparison with the Detroit system may be interesting: Detroit. Size All Pipe. Per Cent Less than 4 inches 1.47 4 inches 20.26 6 in Ches 49.39 8 inches 12.03 10 inches 5, 67 12 inches 2.80 Above 12 in Ches 8.38 - 100.00 Ann Arbor. Size All Pipe Cast Iron Per Cent. Per Cen.t Under 4 in. 15.60 0.00 4 in. 7.85 9.30 6 in. 62.40 74.00 8 in. 4.70 5. 6-0 10 in. 1.20 1.40 12 in. 4.90 5.80 Over 12 in. 3.35 3.90 100.00 100.00 The Detroit distribution has been proven by its fire service to be an ex- ceptionally efficient one, and Con- sidering the relative sizes of the tWO cities, Ann Arbor does not suffer by comparison. The hydrants in Ann Arbor have all been connected to six inch pipe or larger sizes, while in Detroit many hydrants are supplied from four inch pipe. Criticism. The criticism of the distribution lies in the fact that the growth of the city to the eastward has caused a larse consumption of water at high levels with a resulting decrease of pressure, due to lack of provision for supplying the high levels other than through the rest of the distribution. New Force Main. To obviate this criticism and also to increase the security väainst acci- dent, a second main should be laid to the city from Station No. 1. The route proposed for such a main is shown in Plates III and IV, the former of which covers that portion outside of the distribution System. - This main is designed to be 16 inches in diameter and to extend as such from the pumping station to the corner of Main and Depot Streets, Via a private right of Way across the lands of the Eastern Michigan Edison company, and the Whitemore Lake road; thence along Depot Street to State street, along State to Lawrence, east on Lawrence to Ingalls and South on Ingalls to Washington, connecting there with the present 12 inch main. At Washington the main would reduce to 12 inches and continue on Ingalls to North University, east On North University and Washtenaw to Church, and south on Church to Hill. This main is designed to supply the Fifth ward and the territory east of State, Thompson and Packard streets and north of Prospect Street. . The estimated costs of this main a, e. 16 inch pipe from Station to Ingalls and Washington Sts., 13,950 ft. at $2.30 . . . . . . . . 32,085 12 inch pipe from Ingalls and Washington to Church and Hill Sts., 3,675 ft. at $1.65 . . 6,064 $ 38,149 Contingencies and engineering 3,851 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42,000 This main would deliver at Wash- ington and Ingalls streets two million gallons daily with a drop of pressure of only about 8 pounds. The eleva- tion at Washington and Ingalls streets is 89 feet above Station No. 1, which is equivalent to about 38 1-2 pounds. The pressure at Station No. 1 is about 102 pounds, and subtracting the de- crease due to elevation and friction leaves the pressure in the main at the end of the 16 inch about 55 pounds, which would be a very satisfactory fire pressure in that locality, and which could be raised by increasing the pressure at the station. The Fifth Ward. In connection with this main it is recommended to lay an eight inch main through the Michigan Central depot grounds and the park and across the river to Wall street to provide a duplicate supply to the territory in the Fifth Ward. This main would be about 600 feet long and is estimated to Cost about $1,000 on account of the Obstructions encountered. Elevated Tank. In addition to the foregoing mains, it is also recommended that an ele- Vated tank of at least 250,000 gallons CapaCity be located at or about the site acquired by the water company near Geddes a Venue, and connected With the previously described main at Hill and Church streets by a 12 inch pipe extending along Hill and 36. Myrtle streets to the tank, a distance of about 3,000 feet estimated to cost $6,000. The tank itself erected and enclosed in a COncrete mated to cost $20,000. This tank will provide a reserve supply in cases of large demand and will enable pump- ing to be suspended at night or for limited periods when desired. It possesses the additional ad Vantage that it can be erected quickly and afford relief from the low pressures in the southeastern part of the City before the forcC main is completed, as it can be filled at night from the present mains when the consumption is light and the pressure up, and feed back during the times Of heavy de- mand. Minor Improvements. At various places in the short lines of pipe are desirable to connect up existing dead ends and improve circulation and fire protec- tion. An allowance of 5,000 feet of 6 inch pipe, estimated to cost $5,000 is considered sufficient for this item. Replacements. The mains herein provided for would replace or duplicate 3,900 feet of 6 inch pipe and 1,000 of 4 inch plpe in the present system, represent- ing a value of $4,650. This pipe if re- placed would be worth for relaying about $1,500, leaving the net loss by replacement $3,150. On account of the large Size of the proposed mains it would probably be better to leave the present pipes in place for the local supply rather than to transfer the connections to the larger mains. * Cost of Improvements. The combined estimated Costs these improvements are as follo WS: Force Main to Hill and Church System Of Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42,000 Elevated tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Tank Supply main . . . . . . . . . . 6,000 Main to Fifth Ward . . . . . . . . . 1,000 Sundry minor mains . . . . . . . . 5,000 Total pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,000 Add 100 hydrants at $75.00. . . 7,500 Total addition to System . . $81,500 These additions should place the System in first class condition to meet the requirements for several years to come except for the usual annual ex- tensions due to natural growth of the City. These extensions during the fiscal year have amounted to last about shell 1s esti- $17,500, which sum probably exceeds the average annual outlay for addi- tions to the distribution systern With the present growth of the city. MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT. The Company’s Offer. As of June 1, 1911, the Water Com- pany offered to sell to the city their entire interests for the sum of $525,- 000. Since that time there has been added to the physical property. For Street mains . . . . . . . . 4,163.03 For service - Onnections 1,866.70 For station No. 1 . . . . . . . . 2,517.22 For station No. 2 . . . . . . . . 477.19 For meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213.51 For filter plant . . . . . . . . . . 59.55 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 10,297.20 The present offer may therefore be taken as $535,000. OUTSTANDING BONDS. The condition of the outstanding bonds all of which draw 5 per cent. interest is as follows: Now retireable at par . . . . . $225,000 Now retireable at par 99,500 Due in 1930. No retirement proVision . . . . . • * * * * * * . . . . 76,500 Total outstanding . . . . . . . $401,000 . The Company is entitled to issue in January, 1912, about $9,000 more of bonds on account of the construct- ion of the past year. It is the opinion of the Company that all but $25,000 worth of these bonds can be secured at par. ANNUAL CHARGES. In the event of the acquisition of the plant by the City and its improve- ment as herein recommended, bonds Would be issued to the amount of $620,000. ſº ASSuming none of the last issue of the Company’s bonds can be retired till maturity the interest charges WOuld be: $ 76,500 at 5 per cent. . . . . $ 3,825 543,500 at 4 per cent. . . . . 21,740 Total interest . . . . . . . . . . $25,565 An allowance of $5,000 annu all y for sinking funds to re- place depreciation should be provided, preferably by way Of an investment in con- Struction taken from in- COIIlê, . . . . . . . . . * * * * g º º º 5,000 Total annual fixed charges $30.565 The Operating expenses of the Com- 37. pany for the last fiscal year have been, as shown on page 49 of the writer’s Report on Valuation, as fol- lows: Pumping station, labor, etc $ 6,402.54 Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,061.46 Office management . . . . . . . 3,010.95 Distribution and General 7,061.93 Rebates and Stoppages 60 5.76 Total operation . . . . . . . . $22 142.64 The maintenance expenses have been: Repairs to distribution and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 7.3.5 Repairs to station No. 1 630.41 Repairs to Station No. 2 13.78 Repairs to meters . . . . . . . . 581,50 Total maintenance . . . . . . $1,833.04 It does not seem likely that any of these charges can be reduced un- der municipal management and it is rather to be expected that they will be somewhat increased, as it is prac- tically impossible to get as efficient Service from the employees of a city as from those of a private corpora- tion, and few men posses the ability for management requisite to handle Such a property as this. The foregoing annual charges in round numbers are: Interest and depreciation . . . $30,565 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 145 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,850 Total annual charges . . . . . $54,560 REVENUES. The gross revenue under existing rates for the last fiscal year was as Stated on page 49 of the previous re- port, $61,670.07 and the growth of the business since the close of the fiscal year, March 31, 1911, warrants the assumption of an income at pres- ent rates of $65,000. Deducting the annual charges as above estimated, $54,560, leaves a surplus of $10,440. Assuming that annual extensions would be provided for by bonds, and making an allowance for greater op- erating expense under city manage- ment, it appears that it may be pos- sible to reduce the rates to the con- sumers nearly fourteen per cent. un- der municipal management. HYDRANT RENTAL, The foregoing conclusion antici- pates the payment from the general tax levy Of the Salme a mount for hydrant rental or fire service as here- tofore. As this is a point on which municipalities frequently go astray, a brief discussion of the question may protection, not be out of place. The functions of a Water supply system fall under two quite distinct heads. One is naturally a private function, the purveying of water for the useful consumption of the Water takers, and is similar to the purveying of coal, bread, meat or any other ne- cessity of life. Under this head the service and the commodity should be paid for by the person receiving it. The other function, fire protection, is essentially public and akin to police health service, or the lighting of streets. The value of the service has no relation to the quantity of water sold, nor to the parties con- suming it, but is solely dependent up- on the value of the property protect- ed. The cost of fire protection should therefore be paid for from an assess- ment levied in proportion to the Value of the property and not from Water rates Its relation to the income from the sale of water is exactly similar to that existing between the cost of lighting streets and the re- ceipts for light sold to private con- Sumers. No One would think of pro- posing that to the bills for electric current consumed in private residen C- es should be added the cost of the street" lights. To determine the cost of fire protection it is necessary to ascertain the addition to the cost of the works entailed by provision for it, and in the Ordinary system these provisions are responsible for from One fourth to one third of the annual charges. Adopting the lower quanti- ty the amount that should be contri- buted annually from the general tax levy would be, on the basis of the previous estimated annual charges, the sum of $13,640. The payments for fire protection on the basis of the hydrants now in serv- ice Will almount to $9,710 for the next year which is at least $3.900 less than should be paid by the general taxa- tion,, and if this difference were add- ed from the general tax levy, the rates Charged COnsumers might be reduced a total of twenty per cent. under mu- nicipal management, assuming always that extensions over and above the $5,000 per year set aside for depre- ciation, be provided for with bonds. BONDING AND EXTENSIONS. In some works it is customary to pay for the annual extensions out of earnings or from the general tax levy. AS these extensions have a probable life of anywhere from fifty to One hun- dred years it is apparent that in jus- ice to the present generation, it should 38. not be made to pay the whole cost, and hence the propriety of bonding for these improvements is established. PERSONNEL The results of his examination of the plant and its operation leads the writer to take this opportunity to compliment the present Superintend- ent, Mr. Titus F. Hutzel, and the pres- ent Chief Engineer, Mr. Reginald Spokes, upon the very efficient man- ner in which they have conducted the affairs of their respective depart- ments, and to express the hope, in the interest of the City, that in the event Of a change of ownership these gentlemen, whose service with the plant covers nearly its whole exist- ence, may be persuaded to remain in their present positions of responsibili- ty. The finding of a suitable executive for the office, to replace the present manager will be a problem to tax the best energies of the City authorities, for few plants now in existence can Show clearer evidence of capable management than the plant of the Ann Arbor Water Company. COST OF NEW SYSTEM. Ann Arbor, Mich., Jan. 9, 1912. To the Honorable, The Mayor and Common Council, of the City of Ann Arbor. Sirs—In response to the in- quiry propounded by the Water Works committee on January 8, 1912, as to the Cost of a new system of water works to supply the City of Ann Arbor, I estimate as follows: For Water Supply . . . . . . . . $100,000 For Pumping station . . . . . . 50,000 For distribution system 365,000 For reservoirs . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,000 For force mains . . . . . . . . . . 20,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * $560,000 Engineering and contin- gencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,000 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $600,000 The system would be an improve— ment on the present one, when the latter is improved as recommended by the writer, to the extent of the replacement of the wrought iron street mains with cast iron, and the substitution of a filtered river water for the present mixed supply. The above figures do not include the cost of transferring the service connections from the present to the new system. Such “cost may be fairly estimated at $5.00 each for 3,600 con- nections or $18,000, which sum should be added to the estimate of $600,000 making $618,000 to put the new sys- tem in the condition of the present One With reference to the consumers. Very respectfully submitted, GARDNER. S. WILLIAMS, Consulting Engineer, r §§ §§§ º THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ºf NC. N. - TRANS. LIBRARY 312 UNDERGRADUATE LIBRARY T; , ; T 24 (S. 4 7 : . . . . 494 OVERDUE FijSE , 25g P 5%; biº? PFR PAY Photomount Pamphlet Binder Gaylord Bros. Inc. MakeIS Syracuse, N.Y. PAI, JAN 21, 1908 *æșwrºwą ºsº ¿===№à################š%3\$$$$$ · ſ · Ľ.， į