B 447645
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ARTES
1837
SCIENTIA
LIBRARY
VERITAS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
E PLURIOUS UNUMI
TUEBOR
SI-QUÆRIS-PENINSULAM-AMŒNAM
CIRCUMSPIGE
•
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11
AUTHENTIC
A N
NARRATIVE
OF THE
RUSSIAN
EXPEDITION
AGAINST THE
TURKS BY SEA AND LAND.
CONTAINING
Every Material Circumftance of their Proceedings
from their firſt failing from 'Peterſburgh to the De-
ftruction of the Turkish Fleet, in the Archipelago.
Compiled from feveral Authentic Journals, by an
Officer on board the Ruffian Fleet.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR S. HOOPER, No. 25, LUDGATE HILL.
M DCC LXXII.
·
UM
то
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
THOMAS HOWARD
EARL OF EFFINGHAM.
MY LORD,
S an Author I think it no
AⓇ
vanity to confeſs, that I am
not a little ambitious to appear in a
reſpectable light to the public, and
under the Patronage of your Lord-
•
2 2
iv
THE DEDICATION.
fhip I have the confidence to flatter
myſelf that I ſhall not be difap-
pointed.
Not that I claim any other merit
from this introduction, than that of
its being the firſt authentic account
of the proceedings of the Ruffian
Expedition againſt the Turks in the
Archipelago, the various accounts
hitherto publiſhed being very erro-
neous, and full of miſrepreſentation.
In this performance, however, I
have the advantage of moft writers,
the patronage of LORD EFFINGHAM,
who was not only a witneſs to almoſt
THE DEDICATION.
every tranſaction herein related, but
a judicious obferver of the particular
conduct of every officer in the fleet.
It is particularly fortunate for me,
that I have the opportunity of lay-
ing a faithful ſtate of theſe intereſt-
ing matters before the public, under
the auſpices of your Lordſhip.
THERE is fo great a reſemblance
between the late triumph of Ruſſia
over the Turks, and the glorious
victory obtained by the Engliſh fleet
under the command of Lord CHARLES
HOWARD of Effingham, over the
Spaniſh Armada, in the year 1588,
vi
THE DEDICATION.
as well as the deftruction of the fleet
in Cadiz Bay in 1596, as naturally
reminds us of the heroiſm and gal-
lant actions of your illuftrious an-
ceftors and your Lordship has
already convinced the world that you
will ſupport the hereditary honours
of your name and family by perfonal
merit.
YOUR conduct is fome confolation
to the real friends of this country in
theſe days of diffipation and luxury,
when fo few of our modern nobility
would do honour to the
page
of a
dedication. However, in LORD
THE DEDICATION.
vii
EFFINGHAM We fee, that a glorious
love of fame is not quite extinct
among them.
I CONCLUDE with wiſhing you
and your amiable LADY
amiable LADY every feli-
city that your diftinguiſhed merits
juſtly claim, and am, with the
greateſt reſpect,
My LORD,
Your LORDSHIP's
Moſt obedient Servant.
The EDITOR.
NEW BOOKS printed for S. HOOPER.
THE
To the Officers in the British Army.
with new
HE ELEMENTS OF TACTICS,
Obfervations on the military Art. With 12
Copper Plate Tables, to illuftrate the different Man-
œuvres. In One Volume Octavo.
Price bound 6 s.
Character given this Work in the MONTHLY RE-
VIEW for July 1771, p. 78..
"This appears to be the Work of an ingenious and
intelligent Officer. It traces to their fource many
Errors in the prefent Syftem of Tactics in Europe, and
fuggefts a Method by which they may be remedied.
The Remarks on the military Difcipline and Arrange--
ment of the Greeks and Romans have particular Merit.”
ESSAYS, PHILOSOPHICAL, POLITICAL, and
MORAL, in Octavo.
AN ESSAY ON TRADE AND COMMERCE.
Containing Obfervations on Taxes, as they are fuppofed
to affect the Price of Labour in our Manufactories; to-
gether with fome interefting Reflections on the Import-
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ment of the Poor, the Prevention of Vagrancy, and
Decreaſe of the Poor's Rates. In One Volume Octavo.
Price 4 s.
By the Author of CONSIDERATIONS on TAXES.
AN AUTHENTIC
NARRAT IVE
OF THE
RUSS Sİ A
İAN
EXPEDITION
AGAINST THE
TUR RKS.
EFORE we enter upon the
narrative of the Ruffian expe-
dition againſt the Turks, it
will be neceffary to give the cauſe of
the preſent war between thoſe two
powerful nations.
A
2
THE RUSSIAN
By the death of Auguftus the Third,
King of Poland, that crown, which is
elective, became vacant. There were fe-
veral illuftrious candidates for it; but
Count Staniſlaus Poniatowsky, fon of the
brave Caftellan of Cracow, the celebrated
friend and companion of Charles the
Twelfth of Sweden, was elected by
the influence of the prefent Emprefs of
Ruffia, Catharine the Second. He was in
September 1764 crowned, to the great
joy of the people, whofe hearts he had
before won by diftinguiſhed virtues,
and by fervices both public and pri-
vate.
In the full vigour of life, and bleſſed
with accompliſhments that could give
dignity to a crown, and happineſs to
his people, what advantages might not
have been expected from the abilities
EXPEDITION.
3
of a prince truly fenfible of their in-
tereft, not only in the extenſion of
their trade and commerce, but in
fuppreffing their factions, reconciling
their diviſions, and in making them
eafy at home, and reſpectable abroad, if
his judicious plan of government had
not been obſtructed by the baſe artifices
of fome of his ambitious nobles, who,
forgetting the dignity of their charac-
ters, and the duty they owed to their
king and country, ſuffered themſelves
to be duped by thoſe who were ene-
mies to both; at the head of whom
we may place the French.
IT is well known, that the Turks
began the preſent war with the Ruf
fians, at the inftigation of that artful
intriguing court. Their defign was firſt
to engage our ally the Emprefs of
A 2
THE RUSSIAN
Ruffia in a war, which they imagined
fhe would inevitably fink under, and
then to fall on
fall on us with the whole
power of the family compact. To
carry this plan into execution, Spain
began the intended quarrel, by feiz-
ing Falkland Ifland; but to their
great mortification and diſappointment,
the Ruffians proved victorious where-
ever they carried their arms.
THE fchemes of our enemies, the
Spaniards, being thus fruftrated, they
found themſelves obliged meanly to
difavow their hoftile intentions, or fub-
ject themſelves to the juſt reſentment
of a brave and injured people.
HOWEVER the fmall fpark firft
kindled among the brave but deluded
Poles, by the perfidy of their enemies,
foon increaſed to a flame, which
i
EXPEDITION.
5
has almoſt laid waſte their country,
and will probably deſtroy thofe liber-
ties of which they are fo very tena-
cious.
A CIVIL war commenced, under
the plaufible pretext of public good;
and the Grand Signior was drawn in
to defend the religion and freedom of
theſe truly catholic chriftians.
ACCORDINGLY he marched a power-
ful army towards the confines of Po-
land, to affift the rebels in the mad
defign of dethroning their king, who
not having a ſtanding army fufficient
to oppoſe them, and his whole depend-
ence being on the fidelity of his fub-
jects, their premeditated plan of de-
throning him would have been too
eafily effected, had not the Empreſs
of Ruffia timely penetrated into their
A 3
6
THE RUSSIAN
;
P
pernicious defigns, and generouſly
granted him her powerful affiftance.
SHE immediately reinforced her army
in Poland, and after having provided
for the fecurity of Warfaw, where the
King remained with his faithful adhe-
rents, gave orders to Prince Gallitzin, her
commander in chief, to advance towards
the Turkiſh territories, to prevent their
getting footing in Poland, and, if poffi-
ble, to make the Turkiſh empire the feat
of war. Upon which the Turks impri-
foned her ambaflador, contrary to the
law of nations, and declared war againſt
the Ruffians; but the brave Gallitzin
triumphed.
He quitted the army foon after to
affift in the cabinet; and in this de-
partment his abilities were equally con-
fpicuous.
EXPEDITION.
THE gallant and fortunate Count
Romanzow fucceeded to the command.
He led his troops from victory to
victory, and crowned his glorious cam-
paign of laſt year, by taking the im-
portant city of Bender.
BENDER is feated on the river Neiſter,
in the province of Beffarabia, near the
north-weft extremity of the Euxine or
Black Sea, with which it has a free
communication by water.
HERE the renowned Charles of Swe-
den found an aſylum for himſelf, and
the wretched remains of an army that
had conquered Saxony, dethroned one
king of Poland, and crowned another
in his ftead: but was afterwards totally
defeated by Peter the Great, Emperor
of Ruffia, whom, in the pride of nine
A 4
8 THE
THE RUSSIAN
years fuccefs, he vainly hoped alfo to
dethrone.
CONSTANTINOPLE, the capital of the
Ottomans, fituated on the fouth-weft fide
of the fame fea, now began to trem-
ble for its own fafety. Whilft her
Majefty thus fuccoured her friends
the Poles, and carried the terror of
her arms farther into the heart of
the Turkiſh dominions by land, than
any of her predeceffors; the formed
the defign of fending her fleets from
Peterſburgh, on the north-eaſt extre-
mity of the Baltic Sea, into the Me-
diterranean, and up the Levant.
THE defign was great, and worthy
of her.
ALL Europe was furprized and
alarmed at ſeeing, for the firſt time,
the Ruffian flag flying among the
EXPEDITION.
9
}
iflands of the Archipelago, chacing
the Turkish marine, and inviting
their miſerable tributaries the Greeks,
to arms and liberty.
THE plan of operations being form-
ed, the Emprefs was determined to act
with the utmoft vigour, and, if poffi-
ble, to fecure fuccefs, by endeavouring
to deſerve it.
THE ports in the Baltic are ge-
nerally frozen up from the begin-
ning of November to the middle of
April.
IN June 1769, admiral Spiritdoff was
ready to fail with a ſtrong fquadron for
the Levant, having a fufficient number
of
troops on board, to affift the Greeks
in their defign of fhaking off the
Turkish yoke.
10 THE RUSSIAN
THIS fquadron reached the port of
Hull in October following, and foon
after failed for the Mediterranean.
When it left Cronstadt, which is about
eighteen miles from St. Peterſburgh,
the key of that city on the fide of
the gulf of Finland, admiral El-
phingſton was employed in fitting
out another fleet, to conſiſt of three
fail of fixty-fix guns, and two frigates
of thirty-two each; the fitting out of
which was likely to be attended with
delay and many difficulties, admiral
Spiritdoff having taken moſt of the
ftores and the beft fea officers with
him.
BESIDES thefe obftructions, he had
likewife the forms of office to go
through, which in Ruffia, even in the
minuteſt articles, are very tedious.
f
EXPEDITION.
II
BUT her Imperial Majefty foreſeeing
the neceffity of diſpatch, exerted her
authority in removing every obftacle,
and delegated to admiral Elphingſton
ſuch power as no commander before
him had ever been honoured with.
THIS well-timed confidence won the
heart of, and gave new vigour to, the
active and fpirited admiral:
ſpirited admiral: every
thing now went brifkly on: the fqua-
dron was foon fitted out, had on board
fix hundred troops befides marines,
and in a fhort time fet fail.
SOON after his leaving Cronſtadt,
one of the fixty-fix gun fhips returned
to that port, and a ſmall frigate,
which had been added to his fquadron,
was loft in the gulf of Finland. The
admiral however proceeded on his
voyage with the utmoſt alacrity, and
12
THE RUSSIAN
when he reached Copenhagen, was join-
ed by a fhip of eighty guns, that
had put back from admiral Spirit-
doff's ſquadron.
COPENHAGEN is the capital of Den-
mark, it ftands on the eaſtern fhore of
the iſland of Zealand, and has a fine ap-
pearance from the fea. The convenience
for fhipping, with the great plenty both
of the neceffaries and elegancies of life
found here, made it very agreeable to the
Ruffian officers, with which fome of them
were fo captivated, that they feemed
to have forgot the fervice they owed
to their country and the moſt ge-
nerous of fovereigns. They even grew
remifs in their duty, and expreſſed a
diflike to the expedition; having, as
they ſaid, been forced into it againſt
their inclinations.
EXPEDITION.
13
THIS conduct of fome of the officers
gave the admiral great concern, left it
fhould detain him, which would actu-
ally have been the cafe, had not his
Excellency M. PHILOSOPH, the Ruf-
fian Miniſter at Copenhagen, exerted
his influence and authority to affiſt him
in this critical fituation.
By his affiftance, the admiral was
enabled to leave Copenhagen juſt in
time for in a day or two after the
harbour was choaked up, and ren-
dered unnavigable for the winter.
MEETING with very ſevere weather
in croffing the North Sea, the fhips were
ſeparated and obliged to put into dif-
ferent ports in England, from whence
the admiral collected them at Portf
mouth, about the Chriſtmas following.
They were moſtly in bad condition,
£4
THE RUSSIAN
and their crews, were become difpi-
rited by fatigue, and the length of the
voyage.
OUR miniftry were not very ready
at firſt to give them affiftance; but on
the addreſs of M. MOUSCHIN POUS-
CHIN, the Ruffian Envoy, an order
was diſpatched to the officers of the
yard to be on the moſt friendly terms
with them, and to render them every
fervice in their power.
THE fquadron was completely re-
paired, and furnifhed with every ne-
ceffary by the beginning of April 1770;
and failed on the thirteenth of the
fame month, with a fair wind, and the
men in high ſpirits, for the Morea.
THE admiral's whole fleet confifted
of the following ten fhips, viz. the
Swetafloff of eighty-four guns, cap-
EXPEDITION.
15
tain Kmetefskoy, on board of which
the admiral hoifted his flag; the Sara-
toff of fixty-fix, commodore Borſch;
the Netronmena of the fame force,
captain Befchentzoff; the Nadiſhda fri-
gate of thirty-two guns, captain Pali-
vinoff, and the Africa of the fame force,
captain Cleopin, To thefe were added
three tranſports hired at London; one
of them carrying twenty-two, and each
of the others fixteen guns; befides a
ſtoreſhip called the St. Paul, which
mounted only fix guns and eight fwi-
vels, and the Northen Eagle, that car-
ried thirty-two guns.
!
BEFORE We begin our account of
the operations of both fleets, we ſhall
give an exact lift of their fhips, as the
dramatis perfonæ of this narrative,
"
16
THE RUSSIAN
:
A LIST of the RUSSIAN FLEET.
ADMIRAL ELPHINGSTON'S DIVISION.
Ships Names.
Swetafloff (admiral's fhip)
Netronmena
Saratoff
Northern Eagle put back *
Nadifhda frigate
Africa
Count Czernichew
Count Panin
Count Orloff
St. Paul
Tranfpor.
Captains Names.
Kmetefskoy
Befchent off
Stepanoff
Jenjufnehoff
Palivinoff
Cleopin
Diſhington
Bodie
SArnold
Preſton
ADMIRAL SPIRITDOFF'S DIVISION.
St. Euftafiet (admiral's fhip) | Krufe
Men Guns
670 84
512 66
512
66
324
21 2
320
21 2
32
22
18
18
512) 66
Europa
Klokacheff
512 66
Januare
Borifoff
512
66
Trochfvatitelne,
or the
Three Saints
Roxburg
512
66
St. Nicholai
Policué, with a hundred
Greeks on board
3%
COUNT ORLOFF when he joined the Fleet near Paros,
Troch Hierarché, or the
Three Biſhops
Rafa Slav
Gregoriech
A Bomb Ketch
Total of the Line of Battle
I
1
1
9
512
66
512
66
Frigates
Sloops
Transport
3
3
I
The Veſtal arm hip, with fome others, joined the Fleet a few
days after the deftruction of the Turkiſh.
*This was a 66 gun fhip, but being left as unfit for fervice at
Portſmouth, admiral Elphington repaired her for an hofpital fhip,
letting her carry only 32 guns.
+ Blown up in clofe engaging the Turkiſh admiral.
a
EXPEDITION.
17
A LIST of the TURKISH FLEET.
The Capatana Hali Bey
The Capitana Bacha
The Catrona Aucharee
The Reala Muftapha
1
Guns.
ICO
96
84
84
The Mulenfi Achmet
84
The Zefir Bey
The Achmett
80
burnt with feven fri-
74
gates, feveral gal-
The Emir Muſtapha
lies and zebecs.
70
The Hamefi
60
The Barbarofcéna
60
The Hali Condicta
60
The Meehin
60
The Repulin Bacha, taken with
four half gallies and barges S
th}
60
The Rhodes
60
14
Total of the line of battle fhips
Two large frigates, fome finaller, three
whole gallies, many half and quarter
gallies, befides zebecs, &c.
Theſe, together with the traders and
neutral fhips burnt in the harbour of
Chiefma, amounted to upwards of
one hundred fail.
B
18 THE RUSSIAN
On Friday the twentieth of April, off
the Lizard, the moft fouthern promon-
tory of England bearing weft-north-
weft, diſtant about feventeen leagues,
we met with a hard gale from the weft-
ward.
THE Northern Eagle broke one of
her new-conſtructed chain pumps, and
fired guns of diftrefs. The admiral made
her a fignal which fhe did not anſwer,
but fat her fore and main-top-fail and
bore back again for England, without
fpeaking with him.
AFTER this the wind continued as
favourable as we could wifh. On
Sunday morning, the twentieth of May,
we all arrived in good condition,
in the paffage between cape Matapan,
which is the moſt foutherly promon-
tory of the Morea, and the iſland of
Cerigo in the latitude of 36° 25′, and
4
EXPEDITION.
19
i
longitude 23° 10' eaft from London.
This is the Cytherea of the ancients, and
ſuppoſed to be the island in which
Venus and Helen were born.
In the afternoon the ſquadron arrived
at the entrance of the bay, from which
they diſcovered, on the top of a hill, a
flag and a fire, being the fignals agreed
on to be made by the Greeks.
THE admiral's barge was immedi-
ately diſpatched into the bay for more
certain and fuller intelligence; but
night coming on before ſhe had reached
the ſhore, her fignal was made, and the
directly returned.
Ar three the next morning, fhe was
fent again for the fame purpose, and
returned about one o'clock in the
afternoon, with an old man, and a
Greek prieſt, who informed them of
В 2
20 THE RUSSIAN
the proper anchoring places, and gave
good intelligence concerning the fitua-
tion of the place, and the difpofition
of the inhabitants.
THE admiral now hoifted his flag on
board the Nadifda frigate and failed
boldly in. He was followed by the reſt
of the fquadron, and before dark all
the fhips were moored, and the troops
landed. Whilft this was doing, the
Greeks, commonly called Maniots,
who live on the fhores by fishing, &c.
flocked round the fhips in their boats,
and gave us the moſt pleaſing proofs of
their fincere joy at our arrival, by
bringing to us all forts of freſh provi-
fions in the greatest plenty.
It may be neceffary here to obferve,
IT
that the troops were in high ſpirits,
and defirous of engaging the enemy.
EXPEDITION.
21
Admiral Elphington was therefore of
opinion that no time fhould be loft, but
that all the land forces fhould march
directly to Miffiftra* the capital of the
Morea, which was in poffeffion of the
Greeks, who were afraid
were afraid of being
driven out by the Turks, where they
might expect to be joined by large bo-
dies of Greeks, who only waited (as
he was informed) for the appearance
of the Ruffians to encourage them to
rife in arms.
THIS town being fecured, we might
then either have attacked Tripolitza,
another very populous town and eaſy
to be carried, or have croffed the
mountains to the gulf of Napoli di Ro
mani, and affifted the fquadron in get-
ing poffeffion of that fortrefs.
Miffiftra ftands about half way up Mount Saygeftus, on the East
fide. At four miles diftance are still to be feen the foundation of Sparta,
which stood in the plain below. The inhabitants are the reverfe of
their ancestors in every thing except the encouraging and practiling
theft; though even this is not done on the fame motives as formerly,
1
24
THE RUSSIAN
FET)
EITHER of thefe plans, if vigorouſly
executed, would probably have pro-
duced a general revolt in favour
of the Ruffians, and have thrown all the
Morea at once into the hands of count
Orloff, as the enemy had but few troops
in theſe towns, and confequently were
incapable of making any great reſiſt-
ance. But in this cafe the admiral
could only advife, as the troops were
not under his command.
J
On Tueſday the twenty-fecond, a
Greek veffel came into the Bay, the
mafter of which informed the admiral,
that he had been in company, but two
days before, with the Turkish fleet,
confifting of eight hips of the line,
befides zebecs and gallies; that they
were gone into Napoli di Romani, and
were to wait there till joined by fix
more of the line, befides zebecs, &c.
who were coming from Conſtantinople
with troops, that were to be landed at
Napoli di Romani, and to march from
EXPEDITION,
23
thence to Navirina, another confidera-
ble fea-port town of the Morea, which
count Orloff was now befieging.
IN confequence of this information,
the admiral made the fignal for all the
captains to go on board him; and early
the next morning, being Wedneſday,
he made the fignal for the fleet to
weigh and get to fea, that, if poffi
ble, we might come up with, and fight
the enemy's firft divifion, before they
fhould be joined by the fecond, We
made all poffible diſpatch, and were
ready to leave the bay, when a wind
blowing full into it prevented us for
two days. However the fquadron got
out to fea on Friday.
ON Sunday the twenty-feventh we
happily diſcovered the enemy accord-
В 4
24
THE RUSSIAN
ing to our wishes at the entrance of
the gulf of Napoli di Romani; and im-
mediately the admiral threw out the
fignal for a general chafe, Cape St.
Angelo bearing north by weft, and the
ifland of Specia eaft-north-eaſt. We
bore down upon them with all the fail
we could croud, with colours flying,
whilft the drums and trumpets ani-
mated us to battle. About five in the
afternoon the Netromena, the Saratoff,
and the Nadifta frigate came up with
the enemy, whofe force now conſiſted
of fourteen ſhips of the line, beſides
zebecs and gallies. They were a-head
forming in order of battle to give us a
good reception.
Ar fix o'clock, the Netromena be-
gan to attack the captain Baſhaw of
eighty-four guns, very clofely, and
EXPEDITION.
25
foon made him quit the line. The
Saratoff was almoſt at the fame time
engaged with the Turkish vice and
rear admirals of the like force, but on
the fourth broad-fide, the vice admi-
ral bore away, and foon after the rear
admiral followed him. The frigate
was fully employed with their ſmall
fhips; and the wind failing, prevented
the admiral with the other frigate, and
the three Engliſh armed ſhips, from
coming to our affiſtance ſo ſoon as they
wifhed: however, in this critical mo-
ment, when we were attacked on all
fides, and muſt have been ſhattered to
pieces in a fhort time, or taken, if
they had puſhed a few fhips in the in-
terval between the van and rear; but
fortunately fome fhells thrown by the
admiral, glowing with deſtruction, be-
26 THE RUSSIAN
gan to fall among the enemy's fhips,
which threw them into confufion. The
Turks thinking us much stronger than
we were, fought their fafety by running
for the harbour of Napoli di Romani.
OUR fhips lay-to, not judging it
prudent to follow them. When the
admiral came up with us, he fent for
our captains, and reprimanded them
for not purfuing the enemy.
THE intrepidity and bravery of the
Ruffian feamen and marines in this
engagement deferve the greateſt ap-
plaufe; fearleſs of danger they fought
at their guns like lions, and gave
hearty cheers, when they were ordered
to pour a broad-fide into the enemy.
In this engagement the Ruffians had
only fifteen men killed, and thirty
wounded on board our fhip. I had a
EXPEDITION.
27
very providential efcape. For juſt as
I had directed the men how to level
one of the guns, and turned to others
for the fame purpoſe, a chain-ſhot came
againſt one of our guns, fplit it in
pieces, and killed all the men, whom I
had juſt before left.
THE admiral renewed the chace
down the gulf, and we all followed
with the utmoſt alacrity during the
night, giving them our fhells when-
ever we thought them within reach:
but it was mere guefs work, as it
was dark, and they had put out their
lights.
HOWEVER we gained fo much upon
them, that they were all in fight early
the next morning, when it fell little
wind, but about nine o'clock, a fine
breeze ſpringing up from the fea, we
28 THE RUSSIAN
crowded after them again with all the
fail we could carry; but notwithſtand-
ing our endeavouring to overtake them,
they got fafe into harbour, and dropt
anchor under the protection of the
forts of Palameto and Bokaia.
AT three in the afternoon the admi-
ral purſued them into the harbour,
followed by the Saratoff, the Netro-
mena, and the two frigates. We en-
.gaged the enemy, who were drawn up
in the form of a crefcent. Our admi-
ral ranged a-breaft the forts, gave
them fome ſhells, and poured a broad-
fide into their vice admiral; he made
one point of the crefcent, then ranged
along the others, and faluted them in
like manner upon different tacks; in
one of which, as he was endeavouring
to engage their admiral on the other
EXPEDITION.
29
point, his ſhip miffed ftays. He now
ordered his anchor to be let go, with
*
a fpring on it, and brought his lar-
board fide to bear on two of their
largeſt ſhips; whofe united fire he
fuftained and returned without inter-
miffion, for upwards of half an hour.
The admiral was well feconded by his
other fhips, and the two frigates, who
engaged in the line, were in ex-
pectation of feeing the enemy in a
flame, our ſhells having fet one of them
on fire: but, happily for them, they
foon extinguiſhed it.
ABOUT fix o'clock, the admiral cut
his cable, fet his fails, and ftood a-crofs
* A fpring is a rope, one end of which is faſtened to
the cable, ſo that by pulling the other end, which is
brought into the fhip, the may fwing round, and bring
her other broad-fide to bear on the enemy.
30
THE RUSSIAN
the enemy, giving them a brifk fire,
and then the fquadron ftood out of
the harbour for fear of being becalmed
in the night; which might have given
them a great advantage, as they could
then have employed all their zebecs
and gallies againſt us.
THIS was certainly a bold action;
it fhews what invincible courage can
do, when animated with the love of
glory, and a paffionate defire to pro-
mote the ſervice we are engaged in.
The hazard, and the danger, to be fure
were very great; but it is in oppoſing
and rifing above theſe confiderations
that we difcern the hero. Whilft ad-
miral Elphington thus infulted and
blocked up the enemy, he fent an
officer exprefs over land, to acquaint
count Orloff, who was ftill at Navi-
EXPEDITION.
31
rina (with admiral Spiritdoff) of their
fituation. He defired a ſpeedy re-in-
forcement of two more fhips of the line,
and the bomb-ketch, with which he
did not in the leaft doubt of deſtroy-
ing the whole Turkish fleet.
NAVIRINA is about feventy miles
fouth-weft of Napoli di Romani.
ON Wedneſday the thirtieth, the
Turks diſcovering the inferiority of
our fleet to theirs, began in fome mea-
fure to recover from the panic they
were ftruck with from the boldnefs of
our attack, and were determined to
quit the ſhelter of their ports to fight
us.
THE admiral obferved their motions,
and was refolved to wait for them at
the mouth of the harbour, which is
1
32 THE RUSSIAN
1
very narrow, but the Ruffian captains
were of a very different opinion: the
commodore had the temerity to fend
him word, that if he was refolved to
lay-to, and would not make fail to
join admiral Spiridoff's fquadron, he
was determined to leave him.
THIS may feem ftrange to the
reader, yet it might have been done,
and the commodore juſtified; as by a
moſt extraordinary article in their re-
gulations, or articles of war, a captain
is not obliged to follow his commander
to attack a fuperior force, or even to
ftay with him, fhould he chooſe to wait
for an enemy.
WE ftood out of the bay as faſt as
poffible, and were in turn chaced by
the Turks; who, by the help of their
EXPEDITION.
33
gallies and a land breeze, gained upon
us very faft, whilft we were obliged to
ply againſt a freſh wind from the fea.
Thurſday the thirty-firft, the enemy
was almoſt up with us, and we must have
engaged them under all thefe difadvan-
tages, if a fine gale had not ſprung up
at fix in the evening to favour us.
AT nine it was very fqually, the
admiral reefed his top-fails, and at
midnight he went under his top-fails
only, that the fternmoft fhips might
come up with him. Friday the firſt of
June, at three in the morning all the
ſhips were in company. At noon Cape
Angelo, which is at the weft entrance
of the gulf of Napoli, bore fouth-
weſt half weft diftance about four
leagues. The enemy not in fight.
C
34
THE RUSSIAN
ON Saturday the fecond at day
break, the whole fquadron cleared the
paffage between Cape Angelo, and
the Iſland of Cerigo. At eight o'clock
the next morning, we faw five fail in
the gulf of Colchina; which we took for
admiral Spiritdoff's fquadron: where-
upon we made the proper ſignal, and
ftood for them, crowding all the fail
we could; in two hours came up with
them, and they proved our friends, as
we expected.
THIS fquadron confifted of the ad-
miral's fhip the Euftaffe of fixty-fix
guns, three others of like force, and
one of twenty guns. They had been
down Matapan bay to take in the troops,
which were landed there by admiral
Elphington on the twenty-fecond of
the preceding month; who, on find-
EXPEDITION.
35
ing it not eligible to join count Orloff,
as was intended, ftopped at Lewetzova,
twenty-two miles from where we left
them, and fent a trufty Greek, over
land to him at Navirina, with an
account of their fituation, which
indeed was but indifferent.
THE Greeks were backward in
aflifting the Ruffians, from an ap-
prehenfion of the feverities they
might expect from the Turks, in
cafe they were unfucceſsful. But had
the latter gone to Mififtra, which
they ought to have done, as it was
the defire of the Greeks, that would
have animated and encouraged them
to exert their beft efforts to ferve
them, by fhaking off the yoke of
their oppreſſive mafters. The meſſen-
ger returning with an order for the
troops to retire,
to retire, they immediately
marched back again to the fhore,
36 THE RUSSIAN
loaded with execrations of the few
Greeks who had joined them, and
now fled for fhelter to the mountains
from the fury of their cruel maſters.
THE Ruffians found their fhips ready
to take them on board: and when
admiral Elphingſton found it was ad-
miral Spiritdoff who commanded the
fhips in the Bay, he offered to put
himſelf and ſquadron under his com-
mand, if he thought proper to purſue
and attack the enemy. Admiral Spi-
ritdoff declined, and defired admiral
Elphington would lead the whole;
promifing, at the fame time, that
whatever fignals admiral Elphington
fhould make, he would repeat them,
being furniſhed with admiral Elphing-
fton's fignal for that purpoſe.
THUS no time was to be loft; but
when we came to expect the fruits
+
EXPEDITION.
37
of admiral Elphington's diligence
and activity, and the ſignal for a gene-
ral chace was made, Spiritdoff took
no notice for five hours and a half,
and his whole fquadron remained
under clofe reefed top-fails in a very
light breeze, while we carried all the
fail we could crowd.
ON the third, being Whitfunday,
admiral Elphington not thinking it
prudent to outrun the other fquadron
too far, lay-to for them, and they
joined him about four o'clock in the
afternoon.
BOTH fquadrons being now in com-
pany, fteered again directly for Napoli
in queft of the Turkish fleet. We
difcovered them at ten the next morn-
ing, between the iſland of Ydra and
the main land; upon which admiral
Elphington made the fignal for a
•
38
THE RUSSIAN
general chace, and repeated it three
different times, but feeing that his
fignals were but little attended to by
the other fquadron, he fent a lieute-
nant on board admiral Spiritdoff, to
acquaint him, that if he did not order
his fquadron to bear down on the ene-
my, it would be impoffible for him
to engage them that night.
HE ftill continued purfuing them withi
all the fail he could crowd, and at
four in the afternoon came up with
them. The Turkifh fleet was formed
in a line of battle, and began to fire
on the Saratoff and Netronmena, which
were our two headmoft fhips, and had
their fire returned; but the diftance
was too great for either to do execu-
tion. Admiral Elphington therefore
fent an order for them to defift from
firing till they were nearer.
EXPEDITION.
39
Ar fix the fhells thrown by us
reached the enemy, and filled them
with terror and difinay.
Soon after
this the Captain Bafhaw was towed
away by his gallies a-head to the north-
ward: another large ſhip and three
ſmall veffels, which we imagine had the
treaſure ariſing from the tribute of the
Archipelago on board, got off with all
the fail they could crowd; the reft
followed as fast as poffible.
ABOUT feven we were becalmed. Our
fquadron was a long way a-head: had
we not been obliged to have waited fo
often for admiral Spiritdoff, both
fquadrons might have engaged the ene-
my at the fame time, and we might
now have been fharing the fpoils of
victory, as it was more than probable
that we ſhould have taken the greateſt
C 4
40
THE RUSSIAN
of their fleet, as they did not improve
one advantage, and prepared for flight
almoſt as foon as attacked. The
Turkiſh fleet confifted of twenty-three
fhips great and finall.
NEAR nine in the evening, admiral
Elphington went on board admiral
Spiritdoff, but did not ftay long with
him. It was calm all night, but at
five the next morning, a fine breeze
fpringing up, admiral Elphingſton gave
the fignal for renewing the chace,
which admiral Spiritdoff repeated; at
fix, the enemy's van bore eaſt half north,
and the iſland of St. George de Arbona
north-east half north. At noon we were
between that ifland, and Cape Melos.
here we defcried eight Turkiſh ſhips a-
head flying before us. About three
in the afternoon a pleaſant gale filled
EXPEDITION,
41.
our fails from the weft-north-weft, the
enemy bearing eaſt-eaſt-north.
AT nine in the evening admiral
Elphington fent captain Metefkoy with
a meffage to admiral Spiritdoff, with
whom he ſtaid all night. The ſignal was
again renewed for a general chace, and
we foon gained upon them. Wednef-
day the 6th at four in the morning, ad-
miral Spiritdoff came within hail of us,
and captain Metefkoy returned on
board.
OUR cruizers brought to a French
polacre and a Venetian frigate.
The Frenchman informed admiral
Elphington that he came from Salonica,
and was bound to Malta with a cargo
of tobacco; that the day before at
dawn he was boarded by the Turks;
who told him that they every day ex-
42 THE RUSSIAN
pected to be joined by eight more
ftout ſhips, and then they would fight
us that at Salonica there was an
army of eight thouſand men, com-
manded by four bafhaws, ready to
march to the defence of the Morea,
THIS information fomewhat alarmed
us for the fuccefs of count Orloff's expe-
dition. Thurſday, at fix in the morn
ing, the fquadron tacked and ſtood
for the iſland of Tinea,
COUNT PANIN was difpatched to
Zea, for intelligence of the enemy who
had eſcaped us.
AT midnight we were working to
windward after them, between the
iflands of Zea and Andro. Friday the
eighth at five in the morning, count
Tedor Orloff went on board admiral
Elphingſton, and at eight on board
EXPEDITION,
43
admiral Spiritdoff.
About noon the
fquadron was between Zea and the
gulf of Negro Point, fteering for port
Rhatte to take in more water, having
but little left, and at nine in the even-
ing came to an anchor there in twenty
fathom water; to the northward of
cape Colonna at the entrance of the
gulf, and a-breaft of the weft fide of
Zea.
HERE all the troops were landed,
and the people employed in getting in
water, careening the fhips, and fetting
up the rigging,
WHILST We were thus employed, a
Greek boat came in, and informed us that
there were at the head of the gulf three
large Turkiſh fhips, and a zebec loaded
with ammunition and provifions for
their fleet, Upon this intelligence,
44 THE RUSSIAN
admiral Elphingſton went immediately
with three fhips of the line, and two
frigates, part of admiral Spirit doff's
fquadron (his own fhips not being
ready) in ſearch of them, but to his
great
mortification found only one fmall
Ragufian veffel lying under Fort Volie.
THE night following the admiral
manned two boats to reconnoitre. They
landed four Engliſh gentlemen volun-
teers, and thirty foldiers, at the approach
of whom the Turks abandoned it, leav-
ing three brafs cannon, one mortar,
&c. behind them.
AFTER cruizing here two or three
days, admiral Elphingſton returned
again to port Rhatte. Having water ſuf-
ficient for the preſent, the united ſqua-
drons put again to ſea in queft of the
enemy; but not being able to get any
EXPEDITION.
45
intelligence of them, they bore away.
for Navirina, to join commodore Greg's
fquadron, which was fuppofed to be
there with count Alexy Orloff.
ON Tueſday the nineteenth, as the
fleet was working out of the gulf of
Corinth, they brought to a Greek vef-
fel, who informed them that the Turks
had re-taken the caftle of Modon in the
Morea, which defends a town of the
fame name, 95° fouth-west of Na-
poli di Romani, and had obliged
the count to quit Navirina with fome
precipitation, he being greatly infe-
rior to them in numbers; that he had
embarked the remainder of his forces
on board commodore Greg's fhips,
which had continued with him, and
was gone with them to the iſland of
Paros. The fleet now ſteered for Paros,
#
46
THE RUSSIAN
and on the twenty-third at feven in
the morning, we faw five fail from
the maſt-head, which proved to be
commodore Greg's fquadron.
Ar eleven o'clock was hoifted the
Ruffian jack at the main-top-gallant-
maſt-head, which is never done but by
a lord high admiral, and our fhips
hoiſted their colours, being about two
miles diftant from Falconera iſland, it
bearing fouth half weft.
THIS fquadron confifted of two
fhips of fixty-fix guns, two tranſports,
and a bomb ketch.
In the afternoon admiral Spiritdoff
faluted the count, who was on board
the commodore, with thirteen guns,
and the count returned him the like
number. Soon after admiral Elphington
faluted his excellency in the fame man-
EXPEDITION.
47
ner, and had the compliment re-
turned.
We all got fafe into Paros bay on
Thurſday the twenty-eighth, except
the St. Paul, an Engliſh tranſport,
which ferved as a ſtore ſhip, and was
commanded by captain Preſton;
which had been miifing four days.
Here the whole fleet compleated their
watering, and the bomb-ketch lay
along-fide the Ratifloff, taking in her
mortars and fhells.
THE town of Paros is feated on the
weſtern coaſt of the iſland in 25° 36′
eaſt longitude, and 37° 4′north latitude.
It was anciently famous for the un-
common fineness of its marble, and
received additional luftre from the
labours of two of its natives, Phidias
78
THE RUSSIAN
and Praxitelles, who were the moſt
celebrated ftatuaries in the world.
THE town retains nothing of its
former grandeur, and yet, like beauty
in diftrefs, it excites our particular re-
gard: we cannot fee without regret
the many noble pieces of fculpture,
confifting of baffo-relievos, altars, &c.
difgraced by ferving as common fences
to their fields, or to patch up their poor
inconvenient habitations.
HERE is great plenty of good water,
and excellent wine; it is alſo re-
markable for abounding in partridges
and pigeons.
THE inhabitants heretofore made
great quantities of fine oil, but the
Venetians, to whom it formerly belong-
ed, during their laft wars with the
Turks, cut down all the olive-trees,
I
EXPEDITION.
49
and deprived them for ever of this
branch of commerce.
ON Sunday July the firft, all the fhips
were provided with every neceffary
they wanted, and again ready to put
to fea; when we received intelligence,
that the whole united force of the ene-
my was waiting for us between the
Natolian fhore, and the fouth-eaft end
of the iſland of Scio; having received
pofitive orders on pain of death not
to ſhelter themſelves any longer in their
harbours, but to fight us at all events
without delay.
IN confequence of this order count
Orloff, as lord high admiral, made the
fignal for the fleet to weigh immedi-
ately. All the fick were put on board
the count Czernichoff's armed fhip,
captain Diſhington, who was ordered
D
النوى
50 THE RUSSIAN
.:
to proceed with them directly to Mi-
norca,'
-
ADMIRAL ELPHINGSTON ordered
captain Pallivinoff, of the Nadifda fri-
gate, to take the command of the Sara-
toff, and her firft lieutenant, whom he
ordered the feventh of laſt month to
fuperfede commodore Barch, took the
command of the Nadifda.
ADMIRAL SPIRITDOFF hoifted his
white flag, with a blue croſs at the
main-top-gallant-maſt-head, and admi-
ral Elphingſton hoifted the fame at the
mizen. The Count, on board com-
modore Greg, carried the Union, and
captain Pallivinoff hoifted the broad-
pennant on board the Saratoff.
ABOUT three this afternoon the fig-
nal was made for all the fleet to weigh,
to go in purſuit of the. Turkifh fleet
EXPEDITIQ N.
51
at Scio.
At midnight we were becalm-
ed in the paffage between Paros, and
the iſland of Naxia; but about three on
Monday morning a breeze ſprung up,
and at noon the iſland of Meconi bore
weft, and Naxia ſouth-weſt half fouth,
the wind at north-eaſt.
Wed-
ON Tueſday the third, working to
windward with the whole fleet, and at
noon the middle of the weft fide of
Scio, bore north-north-eaſt.
neſday ſtanding for the north-west
end of Scio, the wind at north-north-
eaſt, admiral Elphington at the head
of his own divifion, leading the whole
fleet. At noon we were a-breaſt
of the north-weft end of Scio, the
iſland of Ipfera bearing weft.
AT five in the afternoon, one of
our cruizers that was fent a-head to
1
D 2
52 THE RUSSIAN
look out, fired guns as fignals for feeing
the Turkiſh fleet. At feven it blew
freſh from the north-north-eaft, the
Ruffians therefore brought to, for half
an hour, and then plyed to windward
all night under an eafy fail, to get
round the north-caft end of the ifland;
the admiral intending to bear down
on the enemy right before the wind:
whereas if he had gone round by the
fouth-eaft end, which an officer of
lefs experience might have done, this
advantage, which proved their deſtruc-
tion, might have been fatal to us.
ON Saturday, the ever memorable
feventh of July 1770, at three in the
morning, admiral Elphington's fhip
tacked and led the whole fleet before
the wind into the paffage between the
eaft fide of Scio, and the Natolian fhore.
EXPEDITION.
53
Soon after the Count made a ſignal for
a general chace. At eight the ſquadron
of admiral Elphington being great-
ly a-head of the others laid-to, till
they came up, and then all the fleet
failed in company for the town of Scio,
and in about an hour after they
brought to, within two leagues of the
fort that commands the harbour. Here
they had a full view of the Turkiſh fleet
as it lay at anchor in a line of battle,
a little above the north entrance
of Schifma bay, which is oppofite
to, and about four leagues from Scio
town.
THEIR force confifted of the Capitana
Ali Bey of one hundred guns, the Capi-
tana Pacha of ninety-fix, the Catrona
Auckaree of eighty-four, the Real Muf-
tapha, the Mulenfi Achmet, and Zefir
D 3
54
THE RUSSIAN
Bay of the like force; the Achmet of
feventy-four, the Emir Muftapha of
feventy; and the Hanefi, Barbarofcena,
Ali Candicta, Mechin Kepulin, and the
Rhodes, all of fixty guns, beſides two
large frigates, fome zebecs, three gal-
lies, many half gallies, and neutral
veffels, in all amounting to two hun-
dred fail.
-
THE grand bafhaw's fhip was about
half a mile from the fhore, to wind-
ward of all the others, and near a very
fmall flat iſland, on which we ſuppoſed
they had raifed batteries to annoy us
in going down to them; but they had
neglected even this advantage. Their
line of battle was formed behind one
another in fo unfkilful a manner, that
only five of their largeft fhips could
bring their broad-fides to bear upon
EXPEDITION.
55
us at a time, by which they gave
up their fuperiority, and derived no
benefit from the numbers in their
favour.
AT nine o'clock admiral Elphing-
fton went on board count Orloff, to
propoſe the method of attacking the
enemy with the greateſt probability of
fuccefs; but found to his great furprize,
that it was already determined, that
it' fhould be in a line with the ſtarboard
tacks* on board, that admiral Spiritdoff
was now to have the honour to lead the
the van, that the count in commodore
Greg's divifion would follow in the
centre, and that admiral Elphington's
* Tacks are ropes by which the fails are placed in
the moſt advantageous poſition with regard to the
wind; and when the ftarboard tack is on board, the
wind is on the left fide of the fhip.
4
D 4
56 THE RUSSIAN
fquadron fhould bring up the rear.
This method of attack did not appear to
admiral Elphingſton to promife all the
fuccefs he could wifh. He therefore
propofed another, which he looked
upon as more certain. The enemy be-
ing embayed on a lee fhore, he pro-
pofed leading his own fhip, to let go
his anchor with a fpring on his cable
a-breaft of the grand bafhaw, and that
his other two fhips fhould anchor,
with fprings on their cables, on the
bow and quarter of the Turkifh admi-
ral's fecond, and fo to attack the reft
of the fleet in the fame advantageous
manner. By this arrangement our nine
line of battle fhips would have been en-
gaged against only five or fix of the
enemy, and the reft of their numerous
fleet would have been rendered uſeleſs ;
EXPEDITION.
57
as they could neither come to the aſſiſt-
ance of thofe fhips engaged, nor at-
tempt to get out of the fituation they
were in, without the greatest danger of
running on ſhore.
HOWEVER clear and certain the ad-
vantages appeared to favour admiral
Elphington's plan, the Count was de-
termined not to alter his own. Admi-
ral Elphington was only afked, if he
would undertake
undertake to lead on both
on
tacks; to which he anſwered, that if
his plan had been thought eligible, he
ſhould think himſelf bound in point
of honour to be the foremoſt to carry
it into execution; but as he thought
the adopted method of attack too un-
certain for him to rifque his reputa-
tion upon, he therefore could not do
it by choice, and defired to ſtand ex-
58
THE RUSSIAN
cuſed, however, if exprefly ordered, he
would take the ftation allotted him,
and do his duty.
AT eleven o'clock each commander
was on board his own fhip. The
fignal was made for prayers through-
out the fleet, to fupplicate the Almighty
to crown them with victory.
FOR fome time there was an
awful and profound filence in both
fleets. The commanders on each fide
feemed penetrated with proper ideas
of the great importance of the day,
what they were to fight for, and how
much the fuccefs of it depended on
their conduct and courage.
THE Ruffians were not infenfible
that they ſerved a fovereign of liberal
fentiments, a fovereign who feels a
pleaſure in rewarding merit even when
1
EXPEDITION.
59
1
unfortunate, yet, fhould they loſe the
victory, they had no friendly port to
fecure themfelves from the deftruction
that muſt inevitably follow a defeat.
THE Turks on their fide were like-
wife confident, that ſhould they be
defeated, they ſhould lofe at the fame
time the dominion of their own feas,
and be expoſed to the fevere frowns of
an haughty maſter, which too commonly
are figns of a fudden and violent death.
THE proper difpofition for the en-
gagement was formed, and at noon
count Orloff threw out the red flag, as
the ſignal to attack. The whole fleet
being ranged in order of battle, we
moved towards the enemy, like a ga-
thering cloud.
EVERY brave man now wiſhing either
to ſurvive with glory, or die with honour.
во
THE RUSSIAN
ADMIRAL SPIRITDOFF led the van,
and bore down upon the headmoft
of the enemy, which was the Capitana
Ali Bey of one hundred
guns.
BESIDES the fire of this fhip, he re-
ceived that of four others in going
down, and had at leaſt a hundred men
killed outright; but he reſerved his own
fire till within mufket fhot: at this dif-
tance the admiral poured into the Turk
a terrible fhower, which he repeat-
ed. The complement was with as little
ceremony as boldly returned, till moft
of his own rigging was fhot away.
Being difabled, he was endeavour-
ing to ftand out of the line to repair
the damages with all diſpatch, but was
prevented by a ball that carried a-
way his ſtarboard-main-brace.
next ſhot unfortunately cut in twọ
•
The
EXPEDITION.
61
the larboard main-top-fail fheet, fo
that his fhip no longer anfwered her
helm, and being to windward, as they
neglected to let go an anchor, ſhe fell
with her broad-fide on board the
Turk.
THE Crews of both fhips were cloſe
to each other, and fought with re-
doubled fury.
THE Ruffians drove the enemy from
their deck, boarded them, and ftruck
their colours. The Turk was fairly
taken, and would have graced the
Ruffian admiral's triumph, had ſhe not
been fet on fire. Their officers gave
uncommon proof of the moſt determin-
ed courage, and reſolution.
were going down on the enemy, M.
Fort, a French gentleman, admiral
Spiritdoff's first lieutenant, had part of
As they
62 THE RUSSIAN
his cheek ſhot away, yet he could not
be prevailed on to retire, but cover-
ing it with his handkerchief, maintain-
ed his poft, and continued to encou-
rage his men. Soon after another ball
carried away his right arm, upon
which he fell; he quickly recovered, but
as he was rifing again to action, fate di-
rected a third ball, which cut him in two.
THE Conflict between theſe ſhips
engaged particularly the attention of
both fleets: grappled they fought hand
to hand, for fifteen minutes; when
a column of flame and fmoak burſt
from the Turkiſh admiral's ftar-
board-quarter-gallery; in a moment
what dreadful confufion? the ftouteft
hearts among them now trembled.
The fire increaſed every moment on
board the Baſhaw's fhip, and with
EXPEDITION.
63
irreſiſtible fury fired the rigging, maſts,
&c. of admiral Spiritdoff's fhip.
THE Crews of both, equally expofed
to the fame calamity, forgot their animo-
fities, fufpended firing on each other,
and were only intent how to eſcape
thoſe dreadful elements fire and water.
MANY urged on by hope leaped into
the fea, of whom few were taken up;
others, more diſtracted with fear,
waited their fate.
THE baſhaw's mainmaft, all in flames,
fell into the Ruffian admiral, which blew
upin the fame moment. All on board her;
we beheld a dreadful fpectacle in the air.
THE Turk was now in one general
blaze, and being to windward, ex-
poſed ſome of their ſhips to the fame
calamity. The whole fleet was ſtruck
with a panic, and to avoid the fame
64
THE RUSSIAN
fate (which fear reprefented, and
multiplied their danger ten fold more
than it really was) in this dilemma they
took the fatal refolution, to cut their ca-
bles, and run into the bay of Schifma.
THIS bay is about one mile broad and
two in length: the town is fmall, and
ftands at the bottom of it, thirty-five
miles only from Smyrna. Here they
hoped to remain fecure, at leaſt for
fome days, against any attempts of the
Ruffians, who were not eager to follow
them. The commanders preferring
the lives and fafety of their own gal-
lant men in diftrefs, to deſtroying
thouſands of the enemy.
THE boats were immediately ordered
to go as near the wrecks of the two unfor-
tunate ſhips as poffible, to fave all they
could.
EXPEDITION,
65
ADMIRAL SPIRITDOFF, Count Te-
dor Orloff, and twenty-five others,
moftly officers, fortunately quitted the
fhip in good time. When ſhe blew up,
they were fafe on board the bomb, but
the admiral's flag not being hoiſted,
it was for fome time feared, that they
alſo had ſhared the fame fate.
THE gallant captain Cruce, who
commanded the admiral's fhip, ftaid by
her to the laft: he was taken up much
wounded. A company of brave cui-
raffiers, and their officers, were not fo
fortunate, they were all either buried
in the waves, or cut to pieces by
the Turks; whofe fhameful defeat
was owing, in fome meaſure, to their
ill-conduct, but more fo to their
cowardice. They were enraged to
E
66
THE RUSSIAN
a degree of madneſs, and to revenge
their own diſgrace, kept firing from the
fhore on the boats as they were endea→
vouring to fave thofe few who had mi-
raculouſly eſcaped from one fatal ele-
ment, by plunging themſelves into
another; and without inftant relief,
muſt have periſhed.
THIS cruelty fo exafperated the
Ruffian officers who commanded the
boats, that they were determined not
to take up one Turk, but either to ſhoot
or knock them on the head with their
oars.
INDEED for fome time, they were
deaf to all the pleadings of the human
heart in favour of the vanquished.
Without regard to rank or confequence,
they refuſed mercy indifcriminately
to all.
!
EXPEDITION.
67
THE gallant, but unfortunate cap-
tain of the admiral Bafhaw, who was
one of the laſt that left his fhip, be-
haved in this fcene of diftrefs with the
utmoſt bravery and fortitude.
His hard fate will never be eraſed
from my memory, and I fhall make no
apology for giving it a place in this
narrative.
WE were near the Turkiſh wreck
and counted thirty fouls upon it; at
the fame time, we faw a Greek veſſel
near it, firing grape-fhot at the Turks
on fhore, which made them retreat
with great precipitation, and prevented
them, for fome time, annoying us with
their fire.
LIEUTENANT MACKENZIE came
along fide of our boat, and told us
he had taken up a man, who called
E 2
68 THE RUSSIAN
himſelf the captain of the admiral
Bafhaw's fhip, who was going to be
thrown over board. I moſt earneſtly
requested he would deliver him up to
my care; he anfwered, that count
Orloff had given orders not to fave one
Turk. I replied, he muſt be miſin-
formed, that it was impoffible an order
fo inconfiftent with humanity, could
come from his excellency, who had
the diſtinguiſhed character of that of
a brave officer, and a man of liberal
fentiments; that admiral Elphingſton's
orders were to fave all we could.
DURING this altercation, I often
beheld this unhappy gentleman, who
was fenfible he was the object of our
difcourfe. He was ſhot through the
right arm and left leg, naked, and
a priſoner: yet in this fituation, he
EXPEDITION.
69
preſerved that noble air and manner,
fo fuperior to all thofe about him,
as convinced me, that he was a man
of diſtinction.
HE feemed greatly intereſted in our
diſpute, and made me underſtand by
the moſt expreffive looks, that he knew
I was pleading for his life.
ม
BUT, alas! my pleadings were in
vain; for juſt as I had reafon to think
the humanity of the lieutenant would
give up the point, and yield to my
requeſt, a Greek boat came up
with us.
Unfortunately one of them knowing
the Turk from the others, by a particu-
lar lock of hair, leaped fuddenly into
the boat, and puſhed him into the fea.
Another at the fame time fired his
muſket at him---the ball grazed deeply
between his fhoulders---my heart was
↑
E 3
770 THE RUSSIAN
pierced at this fcene of barbarity. I
ordered our boat from them that in-
ftant, calling out to him in French,
come to me, and be aſſured of pro-
tection. This gave him new vigour. He
turned immediately, held up his right
hand above the water, firſt kiffing it, in
token of acknowledgment for my in-
tention to fave him. He fwam towards
us with all his might, and my people
pulled hard to meet him, I ran to
the bow of the boat to take him in;
but whilft I had him by the hand, a
cowardly lieutenant, whom, during the
heat of the engagement, I found hid
behind the capftern on the lower gun-
deck, and drove with my fword to his
duty, infenfible to the feelings of hu-
manity, this detefted villain ordered
one of the foldiers to fire on him; the
D
EXPEDITION.
71
ball very luckily miffed me, but un-
happily went through his neck. His
countenance immediately changed
from a pleaſing complacency, filled with
hope, to that of the moſt ſtern and ex-
preflive contempt: fnatching his hand
from mine, he plunged again into the
the waves. All my foul was fhocked
at this more than favage infenfibi-
lity.
I was greatly diſtreſſed left he ſhould
think I had betrayed him; but my
anxiety was foon removed---I ſaw him
again, and kept my eyes fixed upon
him---he kiffed his hand once more,
and gave me every other proof in his
power, by which I might understand,
that he was fenfible how defirous I
was of faving him---he turned and
feemed refolved to try for fhore.
E 4
192
THE RUSSIAN
I ORDERED the men to make for
our fhip with all expedition.
WHILST the boats were employed
to get all they could from the two
hulks, the commanders in chief held a
counfel, to confider on the proper ſteps
to be taken to improve the advantage
of this critical fituation, for the imme-
diate and total deſtruction of the ene-
iny's fleet.
ADMIRAL ELPHINGSTON propoſed
two fire-fhips, and to lead them in
himſelf the fame night, whilft the
Turks were under the moſt diſtracting
impreffions from the misfortunes of the
day paft but general Hannibal *, a
* Lewis the Fourteenth made general Hannibal's
father a prefent to Peter the Great when at Paris, who
out of complement, as well as regard to the merit of
the royal prefent, raiſed him to confequence, for which
he was amply rewarded by the African's fidelity and
faithful fervices.
EXPEDITION.
73
black, obferved, that as mafter of the
train, it was his office. On this
account, the fire-fhips were not ready
till the night following, which de-
lay might probably have rendered
their plan ineffectual, had the Turks,
as they ought, in their critical
and dangerous fituation, come out
and engaged us the next morning;
or they might at leaſt, have raiſed
fufficient batteries at the mouth of the
harbour to have prevented our get-
ing in.
THIS however they attempted the
next morning on the weft fide, and
compleated one on the eaſt fide the
night following, but it was ineffec-
tual.
On Saturday July the feventh, it was
finally refolved, that at midnight, if
$74
THE RUSSIAN
the wind permitted, the Netromena,
the Ratifloff, and the Europa, fhould
firſt enter the bay. On a .fignal given,
three old Greek veffels, prepared as fire-
ſhips to burn the enemy, were to fal-
low them.
THE Turkish fleet were fo crowded
together, that fome of the ſmall vef
fels were obliged to be hauled on ſhore
behind the large fhips, not having
fufficient fea-room.
THE honour of conducting this bold
attack was given to commodore Greg,
who, proud of this opportunity to dif
tinguiſh himſelf, hoifted his broad pen-
nant on board the Ratifloff, and led
them into the harbour with great fpirit
through a ſmart fire from the enemy's
ſhips and batteries.
1
7
**** **
1
Svatoslav
The Destruction of the Turkish Fleet in the Bay of Chesme.
ក
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Nelron Menia
Ratislav
EURINGATAN
Europa
Nadeshda
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Saratoff
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Troch Hierarche
Publis'd dis the dot directs 1. Ian, 1772.
A
Tu
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Africa
Trochsvatitle
*
Zanuary
EXPEDITION.
7.5
THEY foon brought their broad-
fides to bear on the largeſt of the
enemy's fhips, and their balls thun-
dered among them, whilft their fhells
flew about like burning meteors,
threatening deſtruction wherever they
fhould fall.
THE attention of the enemy being
drawn more particularly towards theſe
ſhips, and the favourable minute of
fering, the fignal was made for the
fire-ſhips to ſtand in. They did about
one o'clock the next morning, with-
out being perceived for fome time by
the enemy,
The firſt and largeſt of
them was commanded by lieutenant
Dugdale, the fecond by lieutenant
Mackenzie, and the third by a Ruffian
officer,
76 THE RUSSIAN
1
THE moment was now arrived,
when the Ruffian cross was finally
to triumph over the Turkiſh crefcent!
As the fire-fhips were advancing
towards the enemy, a fhell from
one of the commodore's fhips fell
into the bunt of the fore-top-gal-
lant-fail of one of the weathermoft of
the enemy's; which being made of
cotton, was inftantly in a blaze; and
fooner than its poffible almoft to con-
ceive, the ſhip was all in flames.
LIEUTENANT DUGDALE was now
about to fire his fhip, to haften their
deftruction, and make it more fure;
but the men, who were to bring him
off, either miftaking his orders, or
dreading to ſtay in the face of ſo much
danger, jumped into the boat, and
rowed away as faft as they could from
C.Calaberno
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Turks
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S. Elene
CHISME
A General Plan of
the Victory Gained over the
TURKS
By Her Imperial Majesties Fleet.
References
a. The Manocvres of the Bujian Fleet.
b The place where they formed themselves
in a Line.
c. The Attack.
C
&.The Turkish Camp.
S
C
I
Praseaux
L
CBlanc
CBlanc
EXPEDITION. 77
him, whilſt fhe was going with all her
fails fet down upon the enemy.
He faw the fituation he was in, and
yet preferring his duty to fafety, he re-
mained alone, and when near enough,
as he imagined to take effect, fired
a piſtol into the train, ftayed to fee
it take fire, then boldly leaped into
the fea, and was fortunately taken
up by a Greek boat (that was paffing
among the flips) juft as he was finking
with fatigue. As his fhip was fired ra-
ther fooner than he wiſhed, ſhe ſteered
on a rocky point in the harbour, and
was there confumed to little purpoſe.
LIEUTENANT MACKENZIE's met
with better fuccefs---his men did their
duty---they fired her fufficiently near
to increaſe the conflagration, which
foon raged with irrefiftible fury.
78 THE RUSSIAN
}
A FLEET confifting of two hundred
fail, almoſt in one general blaze, pre-
fented a picture of diftrefs and horror,
dreadfully fublime!
THIS defcription will convey but a
faint idea of the catastrophe of the
Turkish fleet. While the flames withi
the utmoſt rapidity were fpreading de-
ftruction on all fides, and fhip blowing
up after fhip, with every foul on board
that feared to truft the waves to fwim
for fhore, the Ruffians kept pouring
upon them fuch fhowers of cannon
balls, fhells, and ſmall-fhot, that not
one of the many thouſands of their
weeping friends on land, who faw
their diftrefs, dared venture to their
relief!
NOTHING now remained but united
fhrieks and unavailing cries, which,
}
References.
A. a Turkish Battery of 28 Guns.
B. a Battery began by the Turks
but not finished.
CA Lookout house.
D. The Fire Ships.
E.Dugdale
F.Mackenzie .
Road to the Turkish Camp
the Postillion
• a Sherebeck
2 Fire Ships which did not go in, the Russian
Officers who commanded them being dead Drunk.
O Count Orloff
OC. Panin
Netromenia
Nadisda
Ratislave
1
Road to Smyrna
HOPK
0 0 0 0
000
0 0 0 0 0
00
00000
A
D
оо
Svato Ma
Lave
•
1
CHISME
0000
Vikin
000 000000
оо
Turks
оо
•
0
Treerack
0
O
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F
the Bomb
t
Shole
Europe
Saratoff
Africa
Froxforditelli
January
00
B
Shole
1
EXPEDITION.
79
joined to the martial muſic, and the
loud triumphant ſhouts of the victors,
ferved to fwell alternately the various
notes of joy and forrow, that com-
poſed the folemn dirge of their depart-
ing glory.
Of all their numerous fleet, but one
ſhip of fixty-four guns, and a few gal-
lies, were brought out of the harbour:
the reft were all deſtroyed. So cont
plete was our victory! So complete
their ruin!
WHEN admiral Spiritdoff's fhip
blew up, it was computed that fhe
had at leaſt feven hundred fouls on
board; but the whole lofs amongſt the
reſt of our others did not exceed thirty.
THE captain bafhaw had twelve hun-
dred men on board his fhip, which
added to thoſe who perifhed on board
{
80 THE RUSSIAN
the others, their whole lofs could not
be less than nine thousand men.
!
AFTER all their fleet was deſtroyed,
the Turks abandoned the town of
Schifma, flew in great wrath to the
city of Smyrna, and in the bitterneſs of
revenge, fell fuddenly on the Greeks
(whom they looked upon as friends to
the Ruffians) and without diſtinction,
put hundreds of men, women, and
children to the fword, before the go-
vernor and magiftrates could ftop their
favage fury,
WHEN the flames and fmoke were
abated, the boats were fent in among the
ruined fleet, to fave from them whatever
they could find, that might be uſeful to
our own.
ABOUT fix this morning, as we were
the rowing near fhore, two men appear-
:
1
EXPEDITIONION.
,
81
ed on a neck of land, with their hands
lifted up, and calling out in Engliſh,
"For God's fake fave us !" I ordered
my men to pull towards them directly;
they were no fooner in the boat, than
the eldeſt (who faid his name was Ro-
bert Jacobs) clafped my knees between
his hands without fpeaking a word.
He was near expiring with tranfport,
when nature at laſt ſent a flood of tears
to his relief. He gained utterance,
and the firft word he spoke was,
"Thank God I am faved!" Then, let-
ting me go, he fell on his knees, and
lifting up his hands and eyes to heaven,
he exclaimed, "Oh! moft gracious
God, how have I been delivered!" He
had been a flave among the Turks
eleven years, and in all probability
would have ended his days fo, had not
F
82 THE RUSSIAN
on
our victory gained him his liberty.
The other was a lad of about eighteen,
who feemed not fo fenfible of his li-
berty; his name was George Mattey,
and had not been long among them.
There was alfo a Maltefe, whofe deli-
verance was fomething more remark-
able. When the fhips
fhips were
fire, he was chained to the oar with
other flaves, and made ſhift in his
chains to crawl through one of the
port-holes, to the gunwale of the fhip,
where he held by his hands, and re-
mained with his body half in and half
out of the water, unſeen and in fafety,
even when ſhe was burning and blew
up; till happily another of our boats
took him in. What arguments theſe
in favour of a particular Providence!
Theſe men agreed that very few
7
EXPEDITION.
83
100%
of the Turkiſh ſeamen efcaped, and in-
formed us, that before their defeat,
they expected to be joined by five more
ſhips of the line. About eight o'clock
the commodore and our other large
fhips ftood out of the harbour, and the
Nadifda frigate ſtood nearer in to cover
the boats, and awe the Turks, who
began to fhew themſelves near the
hore.
THE Count made the fignal for a
general thankſgiving to the God of
battles and the giver of victory, for
the fuccefs of the Ruffian arms; the
folemnity of which was greatly height-
ened by the attendance of the Greek
clergy, who came from fhore in
their boats in regular proceffion, row-
ed round the fleet, and then gave
us their benedictions.
When prayers
When
F2
8 4
THE RUSSIAN
were ended, his excellency gave the
ſhips that had deſtroyed the enemy in
the harbour a falute of thirty-one guns,
which they returned, and then he fa-
luted the reſt of the fleet with twenty-
one guns, each of whom paid him the
fame compliment. In the afternoon
there came into the fleet a Ragufan
fhip loaded with bifcuit for the Turkiſh
fleet, which was now no more; fhe
proved to us a ſeaſonable prize.
Monday the ninth, it being the anniver-
fary of the battle of Pultowa (the day
that Peter the Great finally triumphed
over the famous Charles the Twelfth
of Sweden) the Count loofed his fore-
top-fail, bent his flag, and dreffed his
fhip in the colours of all nations: the
reft of the fleet did the fame, and we
made a moft gallant fhew. The ad-
On
EXPEDITION.
85
miral fired twenty-one guns, and had
the like number returned by each
ſhip. Admiral Elphington gave the
commodore his pennant again; after
this ceremony, all the commanders
dined on board with his excellency
count Orloff, as lord high admiral.
In their joyful triumph every little re-
fentment feemed forgot. On board every
ſhip nothing now reigned, but feſtivity
and good humour; the emprefs's
health went brifkly round, and all our
paſt fatigues and dangers were loft in
the remembrance of the glorious fuc-
cefs of the preceding day. The Count,
in her majeſty's name, thanked the
officers in general for their gallant be-
haviour, particularly thofe who had
the opportunity to diftinguish them-
felves in the action, Commodore
F 3
86 THE RUSSIAN
}
Greg was raiſed to the rank of admiral,
and honoured with the fecond order of
merit; lieutenant Dugdale was alfo
rewarded with a fhip, and made a
captain of the firſt rank. When ad-
miral Elphingſton waited on his excel-
lency on Sunday to congratulate him
on the fuccefs of her majefty's arms,
he propoſed (as the wind was fair)
that the fleet should fail directly, and
attempt the paffage of the Dardanellés,
while the panic laſted, with which it was
reaſonable to ſuppoſe the enemy muſt
be ftruck on feeing the fatal cataſtrophe
of their fleet. On being aſked by the
Count, if he thought fuch an at-
tempt practicable, the admiral an-
fwered, Sir, the emprefs has it un-
der my hand, that with ten fail of the
line, two frigates, and two bombs, I
EXPEDITION."
87
would undertake to pafs the Darda-
nelles, and burn Conftantinople; and
fhould now think myſelf morally cer-
tain of fuccefs; the enemy had then
a. confiderable naval force to oppoſe
us with, we have now almoft the num-
ber of line of battle fhips, one bomb,
and as many frigates, as make our
prefent force equal to what I at firft re-
quired; the enemy's fleet is no longer
to be feared, and we may ſuppoſe them
to be in fuch confufion, as cannot fail
of affifting our enterprize. He was
told that this day must be kept as a
thankſgiving, and that the following
muſt alſo be celebrated as a high
feftival, after which the fleet fhould
proceed,
:
As no regard was paid to this plan
of the admiral's, it feems that the Count
F 4
88 THE RUSSIAN
was of a different opinion; or that the
great object of the Ruffians was only
to block up the Dardanelles, and pre-
vent any provifions being fent by fea
from Alexandria and other ports to
Conftantinople. On Tueſday the tenth
at four in the afternoon, the whole
fleet got under way, and ftood for the
town of Scio; the bombs throwing
fhells every now and then towards it,
but at too great a diſtance to do much
execution. At ten in the evening they
laid their heads to the wind, backed
their main-top-fails till day-light, and
then ſtood for fome time, off and on
a-breaft of the town; a great number
of troops both horfe and foot were
ranged along the fhore ready to oppoſe
our landing. Admiral Spiritdoff's flag
was now koiſted on board the Europa,
EXPEDITION.
89
Mediterranean
and captain Cruce had the command
of the Rhodes (which we brought out
of Schifma) but called the Euftaffée,
after the admiral's fhip that was un-
fortunately blown up. Wedneſday
the eleventh his Britannick majeſty's
fhip the Winchelſea came into the
fleet, and took from the counts Panin
and Orloff, Engliſh tranſport ſhips,
their Mediterranean paffes; upon
which they both quitted the Ruffian
ſervice. At noon the fleet plyed to
windward, between the north part of
Scio and the main land, but could
not clear the iſland the whole day,
the current fetting fo ftrong. Find-
ing they loft ground, on Friday they
bore up and came to an anchor in
forty fathom water; the wind north
by eaft to north-north-weſt. On Sun-
90
THE RUSSIAN
day morning the fifteenth, ftrong gales
from the north-north-eaſt to north by
weft, ſo that we got our fheet anchor
over the fide, ready to let go in the
moment of neceffity. The fame morn-
ing the St. Paul, which, with the re-
mainder of the crew on board, that
had been miffing fince the fourth
of this month, joined the fleet. The
occafion of this fhip's being fo long
miffing is fomewhat fingular,
was greatly a-ftern of admiral El-
phingfton's fquadron, when coming
out of the gulf of Napoli; and in a
fight of them. The ifland of Sapientia
bore eaſt by north, diftant about four
leagues, and the harbour of Navirina
north-eaſt, diſtant feven leagues. Soon
after fhe was chaced by the Veflal arm-
ed ſhip, captain Shrieve, with another
She
EXPEDITION.
91
day or two after he had entirely loft
in company, who took her for a Turk,
both of which gained upon them very
faft, and were at about a mile's dif
tance, when captain Preſton, with his
officers and crew, except the pilot and
a Ruffian prieſt (who could not be pre-
vailed upon to quit the fhip) got into
their long-boat and rowed away for
Navirina; leaving behind them eigh-
teen men, twelve of whom were dan-
geroufly ill. Captain Shrieve immedi-
ately put fome of his men on board,
and brought her fafe to the fleet, with-
out knowing for what port the boat
fteered.
As nothing material happened from
this time till Monday the twenty-third,
I fhall fill up the interval with a ſhort
account of this ifland and town of
92
THE RUSSIAN
Scio; which will ſhine in hiſtory to dif
tant ages, by the navel victories of the
great Catherine the Second over the
Turks. This ifland is about thirty miles
in breadth, and fifteen in length, partly
mountainous, but very pleafant. The
fields are moſtly enriched with olives,
vines, mulberry, orange, citron, pome-
granate and fig-trees, which yield a
moſt grateful
grateful fragrance. This ifland
is remarkable for yielding the beſt
maftic in the world, which is annually
ſent to Conftantinople, and fold to the
ladies of the feraglio, who uſe it as a
fpecific for fweetening the breath, and
as an excellent preſervative of the teeth.
It is very populous, containing
about a hundred thoufand Greeks,
ten thouſand Latins, and ten thouſand
Turks.
EXPEDITION.
93
THEY make a great quantity of fine
wine, and trade largely in filks; nor
are they without a fufficient ftock of
cattle and poultry; but moſtly abound
with partridges, which are ſo tame,
that they live with them like pigeons;
being let out in the morning to ſeek
their food abroad, and called home
with a whiſtle in the evening. The
town is fituated on the fouth-eaſt part
of the iſland, and ftands full to the ſea,
environed with a ditch, and a wall,
with round towers. The houſes are
both handſome and convenient, and
make, with their churches and chapels
that are pretty numerous, an elegant
appearance. The harbour is commodi-
ous, and is the general rendezvous of
the ſhipping bound to, or coming from
Conftantinople, which is about ſeven-
L
94 THE RUSSIAN
ty leagues to the north-eaſt of it. The
inhabitants in general are more polite,
cheerful, and freer than in the other
towns of the Levant. The women,
who are beautiful, drefs advantage-
ouſly, and are very ſenſible of the ten-
der paffions. In the caftle, which de-
fends the town and harbour, there is
commonly a garrifon of fourteen hun-
dred Turks, but was greatly increaſed
on their expecting a vifit from the
Ruffians.
THIS ifland formerly belonged to the
Genoeſe, who then furniſhed all Europe
with the produce of the Eaft-Indies,
which came only by way of the Red
Sea to Alexandria. They carried on
almoſt an exclufive trade by means of
a fuperior navy, till the Portugueſe,
encouraged by an enterprizing, wife
•
EXPEDITION.
95
prince, puſhed forward, fenfible of
this valuable branch of trade, found
their way to the Eaft round the Cape
of Good Hope, and became fharers in
the jewel of eaſtern commerce. This
foon made them both reſpectable and
rich, whilft the Genoefe became less
fo; and growing fond of continental
connections, they engaged in a ruinous
war with the Venetians, who took Scio
from them.
In the year 1695 the Venetian troops
were compelled to yield it to the
Turks. They divided the inhabitants
into three claffes, taxing them annually.
The first clafs was taxed at ten crown's
head; the ſecond at three crowns,
per
and the third at two crowns and a
half.
96
THE RUSSIAN
ON the nineteenth of this month,
count Orloff, with commodore Greg's,
and part of admiral Spiritdoff's fqua-
dron, feparated from the fleet, and
went to befiege the caftle of Lemnos ;
whilst admiral Elphington, with the
others, cruized about the neighbouring
fhores and iſlands, to prevent any fuc-
cours being fent there, at the fame
time blocking up the Dardanelles.
ON Monday the twenty-third we
diſcovered on the fouth point of the
ifland of Tenedos, a fmall army of
horfe and foot, who had ten pieces of
cannon, and twenty pair of colours.
At noon we were within one mile of
the ſouth-east end of it, bearing north-
weft. We cruized round it, and were
brifkly followed by the Turks on the
EXPEDITION.
97
fhore, who ſeemed refolved to oppoſe
our landing.
At
In the afternoon we looked into the
paffage of the Dardanelles, where we faw
two line of battle fhips at anchor.
fun-fet, the north end of Tenedos bore
eaſt, the fouth-west end, eaſt-ſouth-
eaſt, and the iſland of Imbro eaſt-north-
eaſt. Soon after this, the admiral
made the anchoring fignal, and we all
bore away for the fouth-weſt end of
Tenedos. Here we anchored in twenty
fathom water, the fouth-weft end,
bearing north-north-weſt.
THIS ifland, which is remarkable
for its rich Mufcadine wine, is about
fifty miles in circumference, and only
five or fix from the Natolian fhore,
due weft from the feat of ancient Troy,
the fiege of which might have been
G
98 THE RUSSIAN
obferved from it: and it is fuppofed, that
the Greeks retired behind this ifland,
when they pretended to raiſe the fiege,
which feint having amuſed the credu
lous Trojans, and put them off their
guard, they returned, furprized them,
and plundered the city.
:
It is neceffary to remark here, that
coming from the north or fouth on the
weft fide of this ifland, you muſt never
approach it nearer than one mile be-
fore the north-weſt point, which bears
fouth-eaft; but if coming from the Dar-
danelles, and you want to anchor un-
der the fouth end, keep the fame
diftance, and you will fhun a dan-
gerous bank that lies off the fouth-weſt
point; continue fteering fouth by weft
till the fouth-eaſt point is full in fight,
then haul your wind, and you may
EXPEDITION.
9.9
1
let
A
go your anchor in what depth you
pleaſe. The iſland of Imbro or Lem-
bro, is near the weft entrance of the
Dardanelles there are only four vil-
lages on the iſland; it is very woody,
.and abounds in game of all forts. Here
are alfo abundance of wild hogs, but
fmall in fize: we killed great numbers
of them for the fhip's crew, who dreſſed
them different ways; their fleſh was
found very wholeſome, although a lit-
tle fishy. Here is likewife great plenty
of ſmall ſheep, and goats both wild and
tame, a great quantity of honey, and
vegetables of almoſt every kind.
a.
THE Dardanelles, are two ftrong
caftles, one of which is in the province
of Romania, on the weft fide of the
paffage, through which all fhips muft
paſs that go from the Levant to Con-
G 2
UM
100 THE RUSSIAN
ftantinople, and the other on the eaft
fide in Natolia.
THESE forts were built by the Turks
in 1659, to fecure their fleets from the
infults of the Venetians. They are
about four miles from each other.
TUESDAY July twenty-fourth at three
in the morning, the ſquadron weighed,
and cruized between Tenedos and the
fhores of Europe and Aſia. We tried
the current which continually runs out
from the Dardanelles, at the rate of four
or five knots an hour, according as its
rapidity is retarded or increaſed by
the wind. We alſo reconnoitred the
ſhips near the Dardanelles, and found
they were at anchor under Cape Janif
fary, near the fort on the Afia fhore,
one being a fixty-four, and the other
a feventy gun fhip, beſides five gallies.
EXPEDITION.
ΙΟΙ
THURSDAY the twenty-fixth, at ten
in the morning, the admiral made the
fignal for midshipmen: ours went on
board him, and brought an order to be
ready, when the ſignal ſhould be given,
to engage in the following manner; the
whole fquadron to go cloſe in with the
north-weft fhore, till they came very
near to the caftle on the north-weft
fide, then to ſtretch acroſs the paffage
cloſe to the Afia caſtle, and run down
on the gallies; giving them our upper
and quarter deckers as we paffed
them. We reſerved our lower deckers
for the men of war, in cafe we
fhould not have time to load again.
The Saratoff was to lead the van ;
the admiral in the Swatifloff to follow,
and the Netromena to bring up the
rear, with the Nadifda, and Africa
frigates, who were ordered to watch
G 3
102 THE RUSSIAN
the motions of the gallies. At three
in the afternoon, the fignal was made
for engaging, and accordingly every
ſhip fell into her proper ftation, and by
four we were clofe in with the Europa -
ſhore, from whence the enemy fired on
us with their cannon and muſketry,
but our round and grape-ſhot foon
made them retire.
HALF an hour after, the guns from
the Europa Caſtle began to play on us :
our ſhips returned them their broad-
fides as they paffed, we then food
across the paffage of the Dardanelles
for the two fhips and the gallies, but
the current ran fo ftrong to the ſouth-
weftward, that it fet us all to leward
of them, and only a few random ſhot
paffed between us.
WE had two or three men killed,
and very few wounded in this ſkirmiflı.
↓
EXPEDΙΤΙΟΝ,
103
At ten next morning the Turkish men
of war, and gallies, got nearer the
fort; and at two the fame afternoon,
the admiral made the fignal for engage-
ing as before; ordering the hips to
ftand if poffible ftill nearer to the
Europa Caſtle, before they attempted
ftretching acroſs to the enemy.
THE Europa fhore was lined with
י
troops. They had fix pieces of can-
non, which feemed to be well ferved.
When they thought us within reach,
they began to play them, and gave us
at the fame time a general fire from
their muſketry, which did little more
than rattle among our fails and rigg-
ing. There being but little wind, it
was fome time before we could bring
our broad-fides to bear to return them
the compliment. We continued fteer-
ing cloſe to the fhore till we were pretty
G
4
104
THE RUSSIAN
fure of doing effectual execution. We
gave them our broad-fides, which foon
filenced their fire, and obliged them
all to quit their poſts with precipitation.
We perceived an officer very richly
dreffed and finely mounted, endea-
vouring to rally them, and make them
ſtand their ground; and notwithſtand-
ing the brifkneſs of our fire, he conti-
nued galloping from one end of their
front line to the other with great ſpirit,
I wiſhed him in a lefs dangerous fitua-
tion. We loaded one of our bow-chaces
with round ball and langrege fhot, and
looking on this gallant officer as the
life of their whole force, the fatal mi
nute being come, we fired, and the
thundering meffenger executed the
commiffion; for as foon as the finoke
cleared up, I faw with that concern
1
EXPEDITION.
105
and pity, infeparable with humanity,
his horfe lying dead, and about twenty
of his men carrying him off dange-
rouſly wounded. Soon after we were
clofe a-breaſt of the Europa Caſtle,
had given them our broad-fide, and
were as before ftanding over for the
enemy's ſhips and gallies, when the
wind coming to the fouth-weft, the
admiral made the fignal to ware be-
fore it, and
and ftand to the north-
ward. We did, but it fuddenly came
calm, and being in a ftrong current,
and the fhips near each other, the
Netromena fell on board the Saratoff,
and the Swatifloff on board her ; how-
ever they were foon difengaged with-
out any damage worth notice.
NOTHING material happened after
this, till Thurſday Auguft the fecond,
106 THE RUSSIAN
when the admiral, Prince Gagarin the
Younger, and count Rofimoulky were
on fhore on the island of Imbro. The
Greeks, grown bold from our protec-
tion, fell on a ſmall party of Turks who'
had landed in the iſland the preceding
night, cut one of them to pieces, and
madefour others and a woman prifoners.
The admiral ufed them very kindly.
They had fled from Lemnos, and in-
formed us that all the Turks on that
ifland had retired into the caftle, which
they were determined to defend to the
laft extremity. The next day a fmall
veffel came under the admiral's ſtern,
filled with Engliſh, French, and Italian
merchants, who came exprefs from
their feveral confuls at Smyrna, to in-
treat count Orloff not to come with
his fleet before that city, as they greatly
EXPEDITION.
109
ly feared that the confequence would be
a general maffaere of all the chriftians,
in which themſelves, their wives and
children, muſt inevitably perish. They
were fent on ſhore to undergo an opera-
tion performed over a charcoal fire, the
finoke of which was to purify them and
prevent the infection of the plague,"
after this the admiral invited them on
board his own ſhip to take refreſhment,
and then told them that his excellency
was at Lemnos. They weighed anchor
the fame evening at ten o'clock, and
ftood directly for that port, which
they reached on Monday the fixth.
THE Count, according to his uſual
manner, received them with great
politeness.
HE ordered fome of his prifoners to
be brought on board his own fhip, and
108 THE RUSSIAN
afked them, in prefence of the gentle-
men from Smyrna, if they were well
treated, they all acknowledged his
goodness to them, kiffed his garment
in token of gratitude, and begged for
liberty but this requeſt was refuſed
them by the Count, as he had been de-
ceived by an aga or colonel of the
Janiffaries, whom he releafed (with
forty of his men) on condition that he
fhould go to Smyrna, and repreſent
to the commandant, the cruelty of
murdering the innocent unarmed peo-
ple, and that if they perfifted in it,
he was determined to uſe retaliation
on the priſoners in his power. He
broke his word and did not return;
therefore his excellency refufed liberty
to all of them, except eight men and
ten females, whom he fet free out
EXPEDITION.
109
of particular regard to the conful of
the Britiſh nation.
THEY returned to Smyrna, filled
with gladneſs of heart, and poffeffed
with high ideas of his humanity and
great generofity.
1
BESIDES thefe, he had other pri-
foners of the firſt diſtinction, who were
treated with the utmoſt deference and
reſpect. Theſe were the wives, chil-
dren, and houſehold of Achmet Effen-
dy, of grand Cairo in Egypt; one of
the grand fignior's principal ſecretaries
of ſtate.
THIS gentleman was returning from
thence with all his family (confifting
of about forty perfons) in a French
ſhip to Conftantinople. He was told
on his voyage that the Turkiſh fleet
had burnt and deſtroyed the Ruffians;
f
THE RUSSIAN
110
transported with joy at this informa
tion, he refolved immediately to quit
the fhip, and, if poffible, to give the
firft intelligence to his imperial maſter:
landing then at the firft port he came
to, called Scola Nova, he directly
went poft from thence to the capital,
leaving his family to follow him by fea.
BUT he foon found the news the re-
verfe of what he had been told: for
fhortly after this diſappointment, he
fuffered another,much more mortifying.
The fhip which his wife and children
were on board being taken priſoners
by a Ruffian cruizer, his diſtreſs was inex-
preffible! When the Count was informed,
that among theſe prifoners, there were
fame of great quality, he inftantly or-
dered them every refreshment the fhip
¿could afford, and that fome of their
EXPEDITLON.
1.I.I
A
-attendants fhould accompany them on
board; among them there was a most
beautiful young lady not exceeding
twelve years of age; it was hard to de-
termine which was moſt captivating, her
blooming charms, or her eafy and no-
ble deportment. The Count beheld
her with admiration and regard. He
kiffed his fair little captive, and held
her in his arms, whilft fhe told him
in an artless and most affecting man-
ner, the rank and condition of her pa-
rents, and the misfortunes which had
befel them. When her ſtory was ended,
his excellency prefented her with a
diamond ring, and a rich fuit of furr;
then turning to thoſe about her, told
them that for her fake, they were all
from that moment free.
¿...
112 THE RUSSIAN
SHE returned in the Count's twenty-
four oared barge, on board the flip
in which her mother and companions
were; and in a few days after, he hired
a Ragufian veffel at his own expence,
and fent them all to her father at Con-
ſtantinople:
THIS he did to convince the Turks,
that by ſuch actions he wiſhed to inſpire
them with the like fentiments of ho-
nour and humanity, and convince them
that the true hero is greater, when
treating the vanquiſhed with generous
pity, than in dealing deſtruction to his
enemies in the field. Such was Scipio
of Rome, who firſt convinced the
proud Carthaginians, that they were
not invincible.
ALTHOUGH
the Count did not
promiſe the deputics from Smyrna,
EXPEDITION,
that he would not come with his fleet
before that city ; yet it is very probable,
that their reprefentations had the de-
fired effect; as not one Ruffian ſhip ap-
peared before it during this expedition.
ON Auguſt the tenth, admiral El-
phingſton brought-to a French veffel
from Conftantinople, the captain of
which informed him that the bafhaw,
who lately commanded in the Black
Sea, was arrived there with two fhips
of feventy-four guns each, and a great
number of gallies; which with two
at the Dardanelles, and three more
that they were fitting out, made ſeven
fail of the line.
THE wind being favourable, on
the twelfth we ſtood again into the
Dardanelles, and faw an army con-
fifting of eight or ten thouſand men
H
11 4
THE RUSSIAN
:
encamped along the fhore, on which
they were erecting more batteries
to prevent, if poffible, our paffing
them.
ON the fifteenth, the fquadron an-
chored between Imbro and the main.
At feven in the morning a Greek zebec
anchored clofe to us; and we found
with joy and furprize that ſhe had on
board captain Preſton and the crew
of the St. Paul, whom we thought
had been either drowned or cut to
pieces by the Turks.
THESE were twenty-five men be-
fides the captain, and Mr. Rogers
the doctor.
THEY had with them but fix pounds
of bread, and eight gallons of water,
to fubfift on till they reached Navirina,
which was near feven leagues to the
1
EXPEDITION.
115
north-eaft, for which they fteered di
rectly (keeping in fight of fhore as
much as poffible) in expectation of
its being in the poffeffion of the
Ruffians.
THE next day in the afternoon they
ran into a ſmall fandy cove about twe
leagues to the northward of that har-
bour. About five the farne evening
the doctor and fecond mate afcended
a high hill, from the top of which (by
the help of a glafs) they could view
the harbour of Navirina, but faw no
ſhips there, and therefore very rightly
concluded, that the Ruffians had re-
tired, and that it was again in poffef-
fion of the Turks.
At fix the ſame evening they put to
fea, and at eight the next morning were
cloſe in with the High Bluffland, three
1
H 2
tril
116 THE RUSSIAN
leagues to the northward of Cape
Matapan.
}
THEY faw two fail ftanding after
them, whereupon they hauled down
their fails, and run clofe under the
rocks to efcape them. This was on
Wedneſday the fourth of July at nine
in the morning, when they were all
going on fhore, but happily were pre-
vented by a Greek girl (about thirteen
years old) who ran towards them, and
by many figns of diftrefs, gave them
to underſtand that fome Turks were
near.
THIS information was fufficient to
induce them to get off immediately,
by which they very providentially
eſcaped. Their bread was gone, and
but a little water left; however they
continued rowing clofe under fhore,
EXPEDITION.
117
and at four the fame day, being about
two leagues to the north-east of Cape
Matapan, they put into a little cove to
look for both bread and water.
HERE the doctor, and Mr. Glaſgow
the fecond mate, generoufly offered to
go up into the country in fearch of
proviſions: neither of them had fwords,
and their muſkets being rendered uſe-
lefs by the water which the boat had
taken in, they went unarmed, and
thought themſelves fafe, as there were
none but Greeks in the neighbourhood.
After they were got between two and
three miles into the country, Mr. Glaf-
gow (who was before the doctor) dif-
covered a ſmall rill of water, and he
foon traced the fpring from whence it
flowed. This diſcovery gave them
freſh alacrity, and they were return-
H 3
118 THE RUSSIAN
ing with joy to their diftreffed hungry
and thirſty companions, when they
met with a Greek, to whom (by figns)
they made to underſtand their great
diftrefs, and offered him a handful of
money for his affiftance. The villain
took it and put it in his pocket. He
then preſented a knife or poignard,
and intimated, by his motions, that he
would directly ftab him, provided he
did not give him more---it was in vain
to refift---Mr. Glaſgow was too weak,
therefore he opened his bofom to re-
ceive the blow. A gleam of pity now
darted on the villain's foul, he re-
lented, fheathed his knife, and on fee-
ing Mr. Rogers coming up, ran off;
but inftantly returned with three others,
who robbed them of all they had; ex-
cept their cloaths. They got back to
EXPEDΙΤΙΟΝ.
FL9
their boat with great difficulty, and
there found two others as generous
and humane, as thoſe we left were bar-
barous and favage. They generously
ſupplied them for the prefent with two
goats, and two gallons of water, and
went with them to another port called
Quaglio, which they reached about
midnight. Here they received a ſup-
ply of fourteen gallons of water, ſome
bread, and a goat, and were happily
informed that there were three Ruffian
ſhips in Port Pachana; for which place
they fteered at two o'clock the next
morning, and fortunately reached it
on Saturday the ſeventh. A Greek
gentleman named Gregoree, took all
the officers into his houfe, treated them
with great hoſpitality, freely fupplied
the men with what they wanted, and
H 4
120 THE RUSSIAN
when they were difpofed to depart in
fearch of admiral Elphington's fqua-
dron (as no Ruffians were there) he
provided a veffel, and all neceffaries
for their paffage. After furmount-
ing fo many difficulties, he happily
brought them ſafe on board.
I SHALL return with my reader
to the iſland of Imbro, where I left
admiral Elphington on the fifteenth
of Auguſt, to which time, from the
nineteenth of laft month, he remained
without any certain news from his
friends at Lemnos. Count Orloff at
length fent the admiral a letter, and
he was informed by captain Preſton of
the St. Paul, who was juſt come from
thence, and had affifted in raiſing bat-
teries againſt the caftle, that on the
eighth of Auguft, the Count had dif
EXPEDITION.
I2I
mounted three of the enemy's guns,
and made a breach in the outer wall of
the caſtle, that the Turks offered to
capitulate, but his excellency would
not grant them the terms required;
the garrifon being badly fupplied with
water, it was imagined it muſt foon
furrender; befides they were quite
blocked up by fea, and the troops hav-
ing poffeffion of the neck of land
which joined the caſtle to the reſt of the
ifland.
ON Monday Auguft the twentieth,
the admiral, agreeable to an order
from count Orloff, fent captain Preſton
with ſhot and fhells for Lemnos, on
board of whom the Engliſh volunteers
embarked, who were defirous of fig-
nalizing themſelves in the fervice of
her Imperial majeſty.
1
122 THE RUSSIAN
THE admiral at the fame time, to
prevent fuccours being fent from the
continent to the relief of the town,
ordered two of his fquadron to the
fouthward of Tenedos; another cruized
in the gulf of Conteſſa, whilſt himſelf,
with one more, continued about Im-
bro, from whence he could at plea-
fure look into the fort on the fide of
Afia.
COUNT ORLOFF had fome time before
fent one of his fhips to the iſland of
Tarfo, to prevent any troops being
fent between Monto Santo (the Athos
of the antients) and that part of the
coaft which is about twenty-five or
thirty miles to the north-eaft of Ca-
vallo.
THUS was every place fecured, ex-
cept the ſmall port of Enio, on the
EXPEDITION.
123
Europa coaſt, about ten leagues north-
north-east of Lemnos. The admiral
fent advice of this to the Count, and
defired one or two fmall veffels to
block up that alfo ; but no veffels ar-
riving, this port was left open, and
the confequence proved fatal to the
fuccefs of the befiegers, whom I muſt
leave for fome time, and return to ad-
miral Elphington's fquadron.
On the twenty-fecond, he fuffered a
great lofs in the death of Mr. Boyd,
maſter (or pilot) of the Saratoff, who
was mortally wounded in attempting
to cut out a fmall Turkiſh veffel under
the Natolian fhore.
He was a man of great humanity,
and a brave and judicious feaman. He
fell much beloved and lamented by all
who knew him.
124 THE RUSSIAN
}
ON Sunday the twenty-fixth of Au-
guft, the St. Paul was at anchor, in
five fathom water, near the iſland of
Tarfo; the body of it bearing eaft-
fouth-eaſt about two miles. There be-
ing then no wind, and the captain
imagining that there was yet ſome
Turkiſh property left on the iſland,
fent eighteen of his people, and an
officer, for it. They were told by the
Greek inhabitants, that captain Alex-
ander in the St. Nicholas had already
been there, and taken all away.
VEXED at the diſappointment, fome
of them made free with the Greeks,
took a few things from them, and re-
turned on board, after having lived
with them for two days.
THE Greeks of this ifland were fo
diſpleaſed with theſe viſiters, that they
EXPEDITION.
125
complained to his excellency count
Orloff of their very uncivil behaviour;
who immediately ordered enquiry to
be made, full fatisfaction given to the
injured, and the offenders to be
puniſhed.
THIS fhip was more immediately
under the command of admiral El-
phingſton, as being one of his fqua-
dron; he therefore held a court of en-
quiry on board the Swatifloff on Sun-
day the fixteenth of September, the
being then with the rest of the fqua-
dron at the iſland of Imbro.
AT five the fame afternoon, the ad-
miral reſolved to.go in the fame ſhip to
Lemnos, and take the St. Paul with
him; his orders being then given, for
each of the other ſhips of his fquadron
126 THE RUSSIAN
to remain in their ftations, and obey
the commodore in his abfence.
ABOUT feven o'clock one of her an-
chors was hove up. She continued
driving whilft they were getting up
the other, and at eight ſhe drove paſt
the St. Paul. On obferving that this
ſhip was not yet under way, the ad-
miral ordered the Swatifloff to ſtand
off and on, fo as to be at the fouth-
weft part of Imbro, as foon as a fignal
could be feen in the morning, and
then to make the St. Paul fignal to
come under his ftern.
AT ten at night all her fails were fet,
and fhe began to make way a-head.
Between four and five o'clock on Mon-
day morning, they threw the lead, and
found twenty fathom; but on repeat-
ing it, found it fhoally, therefore put
EXPEDITION, 127
the fhip about; foon after which fhe
ftruck on a fhoal; and receiving feye-
ral ſhocks, inftantly knocked off her
falfe keel and rudder.
:
THEY were now near five leagues
from the eaſt fide of Lemnos, which
bore weft, and the fouth-west end of
Tenedos fouth-eaft, the wind blowing
freſh, and the weather hazy.
THE inftant the fhip had ftruck,
the admiral came upon deck. He faw
the danger, and that it was increaſing
every moment: without the leaſt ſign
of fear, and as compofed in this ſcene
of diſtreſs, as if nothing had happened,
he provided for every exigency, as if
he had been directed by fate.
A CUTTER was diſpatched immedi-
ately to count Orloff, to acquaint him
with this misfortune. Signals of dif
}
128 THE RUSSIAN
treſs were made for the reſt of the fqua
dron to come to their affiſtanée.
ABOUT noon the Nadifda anchored
within half a league of the Swatifloff,
and the St. Paul within a quarter of a
mile of her. Every method poffible
was tried to get her off during the day,
but all proved ineffectual; the night
was very dark, the wind whiſtled loudly
through the rigging, and the boisterous
waves, which flaſhed like fire againſt
fides of the fhip, fhook every joint
in her, and made her groan with the
weight of diftrefs. The next morning
it blew yet more violently, fo that
fome of the boats which were employed
in carrying out anchors, hauſers, &c.
were often dafhed against each other,
and their crews immerged in the waves;
yet with uncommon dexterity and re-
EXPEDITION.
129
folution, they as often recovered them-
felves, and got others, determined to
do their duty to the laſt.
ALL this time the fhip laboured
very hard, and beat fo violently
againſt the ground, that it was very
difficult to ſtand on the deck.
AT three o'clock fhe had four feet
water in her hold, the pumps were fet
to work, but in vain !---it ftill increaſed,
and at four it was rifen to ten feet.
The admiral ſeeing that the ſhip muſt
inevitably be loft, ordered the provi-
fions to be brought upon deck (which
in five minutes more would have been
all ſpoiled); he alſo ordered the ſhip
to be laced from fide to fide with
ſtrong hauſers to prevent her, if poſſi-
ble, from bulging, or going to pieces;
which if ſhe had done, it is very pro-
I
130
THE RUSSIAN
bable that the whole hip's company,
confifting of about fix hundred men,
including officers, would have periſhed.
Ar fix the admiral, with a heart full
of manly concern, ordered all the mafts
to be cut away, and thrown overboard,
when one of them not being cleared
in time, catched fire by the extreme
friction occafioned by the violent agita-
tion of the ſhip, and the whole in an-
other minute would have been in
flames, and every foul loft, if a Ruffian
feaman had not inſtantaneouſly extin-
guiſhed it by throwing a tub of quafs
(a liquor made with flour and water)
which they drink in common.
afternoon they got a warp from the
Swatilloff to the St. Paul, and fo
brought the boats from one to the
other, each being filled with one
In the
EXPEDITION.
131
officer and twenty men, befides a cheft
of money, and great quantities of
cloathing, &c. which were put on
board the St. Paul.
ON Wedneſday they were employed
in the fame manner, and on Thurſday
the weather was ſo moderate, that they
could ufe their oars.
THE remainder of the men were
fent on board the Netromena; the
admiral, with his fecretary, followed,
and foon after hoifted his flag on board
that fhip.
CAPTAIN ROXBURGH was the laſt
that left the Swatifloff; but before
they quitted her, every thing was got
out and done, that was poffible for men
to do, and through the goodneſs of an
ever merciful Providence there were
1 2
132
THE RUSSIAN
!
only two lives loft in all this ſcene of
diſtreſs and danger.
The
IN the court of enquiry concerning
the lofs of this fhip, it appeared that
the wind had changed four points
after the captain had delivered his or-
ders, and retired to his cabbin.
maſter (or pilot) faid that he had been
on deck at one o'clock on Monday
morning, and on obferving that the
wind had veered four points, he defired
the lieutenant to put the fhip about
directly, for fear of the fhoals of
Lemnos; but he refuſed, faying, he
ſhould abide by the captain's order,
which was not to put her about till
two o'clock. He was then defired to
go down and acquaint the captain
with the change that had happened,
which he alſo refuſed, whereupon the
EXPEDITION.
133
mafter told the lieutenant, that unleſs
he tacked about immediately, he would
throw up the charge of the fhip, and
retire to his cabbin, which he did,
and heard no more of her till fhe ftruck
on the fhoals.
THUS by careleffneſs and obftinacy
periſhed the beſt fhip in the whole
fleet. On Thurſday the twentieth of
September at ten in the morning, the
gale was fo ftrong that the Nadifda
frigate, with count Tedor Orloff on
board, drove greatly, and when fle
got under way, made fignals of dif
trefs, and bore away for Lemnos.
ON the Saturday following the St.
Paul bore away (by order) for the fame
place. Admiral Elphingſton, in a day :
or two after, left the unfortunate
Swatifloff a miferable wreck on the
I 3
134 THE RUSSIAN
fhoal, and went in the Netromena to
Lemnos, to confer with his excellency
count Alexis Orloff.
:
WE fhall now return to the fiege of
Lemnos, which we left the twentieth
inftant; but before we proceed it is
neceffary to give fome account of
the iſland, and alfo of the town and
caftle.
THE ifland of Lemnos is rather of a
quadrangular form, and is about
twenty-five miles in length, and fifteen
in breadth: it produces plenty of corn
and wine, but has very little wood,
and few fprings.
༈་
IT has long been famous for a mine-
ral earth, called Terra Sigillata, which
is of excellent ufe in curing wounds,
ftopping fluxes, and expelling of
poifon; there is only one hill in the
A
EXPEDITION.
135
whole ifland which produces it it ap-
pears in veins like earth thrown
up by
worms. When it is gathered, which
is annually in the beginning of Auguſt,
it is made up into little balls, which
are fealed by the Turkish officers.
After fending a fufficient quantity to
ſupply Conſtantinople, it is permitted
to be fold to the merchants.
WHEN the Venetians poffeffed it, the
villages were populous, but now they
are thinly inhabited.
THE beft harbour in this ifland,
which is deep and fpacious, is Mudro,
on the fouth-eaft part of it: no winds
can diſturb the hips as they lie at
anchor.
THE town of Lemnos (or Stalemene,
as it is called by the Turks) is fituated
on the north-weft-fide of the iſland, at
14
136 THE RUSSIAN
the foot of a hill.
On the top of it
ftands the caftle full to the fea, in the
latitude of 40° 3' north, and longitude
25° 28′ eaſt from London.
THE fiege was not carried on with
any great vigour, from the beginning,
and after fome little time, it was turn-
ed into a blockade. A regular jour-
nal of this land expedition would be
too barren and uninterefting to furnish
the reader either with inftruction or
amufement; however, to gratify thofe
whom it may concern, I fhall give a
general, and at the fame time an exact
account of it, and the particular ef-
fects which this attempt on the iſland
had, with respect to the grand defigns
of the Ruffians. The town of Lemnos
is fmall and defencelefs, not containing
above twenty houfes, which are of
EXPEDITION.
137
!
ftone.
The garrifon confifted of about
one thouſand five-hundred men.
As foon as the Ruffians had landed
the troops (which was about the fixth
of Auguft) and began to throw fhells
into it, the Turks retired into the caſtle,
and prepared for a vigorous defence.
THE Ruffians turned all their at-
tention to the reduction of Lemnos,
and expected that a furrender would
foon follow; but finding this plan
did not fucceed, they refolved to batter
the walls, and endeavour to take it by
ftorm. Two breaches were foon ef-
fected, and an attempt made on one of
them, but either for want of refolution
in the affailants, who made the real
attack, or the neglect of thoſe who
were to have made the falfe one, it
proved unſucceſsful.
138 THE RUSSIAN
THE Greeks and Albanians who had
joined the Ruffians, had confiderable
offers made them to induce them, if
poffible, to try their fortune a fecond
time alone; but all offers they abfolutely
refufed, unleſs joined by the Ruffians,
of whofe lives the commander in chief
was very tender, and therefore it was
refolved to turn the fiege into a
blockade.
THUS they went on from day to day,
without any thing material happen-
ing, except frequent propofals from
the enemy, who began to fear, that
without ſome ſeaſonable ſhowers to
fill their reſervoirs, they fhould inevi-
tably be obliged to furrender at dif
cretion.
ABOUT the beginning of September,
forty or fifty English and Swedish
EXPEDITION.
139
feamen, who were juft arrived in a
yeffel which was purchaſed at Leg-
horn, fent a letter to the Engliſh in
the fleet, who had before voluntarily
offered to mount the breach under the
command of Lord Effingham, that
they were defirous of ſharing this ho-
nour with them.
THE next day thirty more Engliſh-
men, from different veffels, fent to de-
fire that they might be permitted to
join their countrymen in the fame ha-
zardous undertaking.
ALL things being fettled, and the
plan of attack agreed on, it was pro-
pofed to commodore Greg, whofe
approbation it met with, that the
Engliſh were firſt to mount the breach
with cutlaffes and piftols, fupported by
a hundred of the braveft Greeks; and
140 THE RUSSIAN
two hundred of the Ruffian troops
were to cloſe the affault; whilft other
Greeks were to be employed in bring-
ing up fand-bags, fafcines, &c. to form
a lodgment.
THIS was on a fuppofition, that
the lower breach would be firft at-
tacked: but on more mature confi-
deration it was found unneceffary, as
the upper breach was nearly as eafy
to be carried, and of more certain
confequence; for by getting once pof-
feffion of that, the enemy muſt either
have abandoned it immediately, to
fave the citadel, or elfe have expofed
the citadel to be taken at the fame
affault.
EVERY one wifhed for the hour of
attack, as the fuccefs feemed to them
to be pretty certain, and would crown
EXPEDITION.
141
them with honour. It appeared, that
the number of the affailants, would
have been confiderably greater than
the Turks could have brought to the
defence of the breach, as their force
would have been divided by making
three falfe attacks at the fame time.
THEY waited with impatience for a
favourable anſwer to this ſpirited pro-
pofal; but were told that the enemy,
being greatly diftreffed for water,
would probably foon furrender; but
if at any time the attack of the breach
fhould be thought neceffary, then the
Engliſh might be affured of having
the honour to lead it.
ON the twentieth of September,
the fatal news arrived of the Swatifloff's
being loft; which greatly damped
{
142 THE RUSSIAN
the ſpirits of the befiegers, and gave
new vigour to the beſieged.
HOWEVER on the fifth of October,
no relief being fent, and their water
quite exhauſted, the capitulation was
finally fettled on both fides.
THE Turks gave hoſtages to deliver
up the place, as foon as the veffels
arrived to tranſport them to the port
agreed on.
THE next day in the afternoon, the
tents in the
in the camp were fuddenly
ftruck, and the troops ordered to a
poft not far diftant from the ſide of a
hill, on an alarm that a body of Turks
were landed on the north-weft fide of
the inland to attempt raifing the
fiege.
In the night orders were fent for
all the people to embark on board the
EXPEDITION.
143
fhips, though it was certain that thofe
now landed could not exceed a thou-
fand men, whereas the Ruffians and
Greeks were double that number,
and with the ſeamen, which could
eafily have been spared from the fleet,
might have increaſed their number to
three thoufand; three hundred of
whom, it was thought, would have
been fufficient to have kept the gar-
riſon blocked up, whilft the others, if
properly difpofed of in the fuburbs,
would moſt undoubtedly have been
able to oppoſe and defeat a much
greater number of troops, who came
as thefe did, with but little ammuni-
tion, and no cannon.
IN this manner thofe reaſoned,
who were warmed with a defire of
engaging the enemy, and who looked
43.
144 THE RUSSIAN
perhaps no farther than the prefent:
moment.
BUT his excellency the Count, it
feems, thought very different; he ma-
turely weighed the advantages and dif-
advantages which might poffibly attend
his waiting for the coming up of the
enemy, and therefore was determined
to be beforehand with them, and
raiſed the fiege without rifking the
lofs of a ſingle Ruffian more in the pur-
fuit of an object, which, however flat-
tering and defirable, might be bought
too dear, and have rendered the pof-
feffion of another, which appeared far
more valuable, exceeding precarious.
THIS was wintering the fleet and
troops at the iſland of Paros, which
promiſed them a fafe and an agreeable
retreat, where they might reft from
EXPEDITION.
145
their labours, recruit their wafted
fpirits, and wait in fecurity for the
expected reinforcements from the
Baltic; fo that, if neceffary, they
might be able in the fpring to fall
again on the enemy with additional
ſtrength and vigour.
AFTER the Ruffians had quitted
the fiege of the caftle, their fleet went
into the harbour of Mudro, near
which their ovens were erected in
a village of the fame name.
HERE the Turks fallied from the
caſtle, to the amount of ſeven hundred,
and in view of the whole fleet, burnt
their bake-houſes, &c. and retired in
good order, without the leaſt interrup-
tion from the Ruffians; although their
retreat might eaſily have been cut off,
if the troops had been landed in time,
K
146 THE RUSSIAN
from the ſhips, on the neck of land
between them and the caftle, which
then with the whole ifland, muſt have
fallen in confequence of this rafh ſtep
of the enemy.
BUT the favourable moment was loft:
the Turks faw their error almoft too
late, and fearing that the Ruffians
would improve it to their deſtruction,
foon retired, and their rear was attack-
ed by fome brave Greeks, who killed
fixty of them, but for want of fupport,
dared not to purſue them fo far as
they wished.
ABOUT the beginning of October,
his excellency Count Orloff received
intelligence, that the Turks were pre-
paring to come from the main land to
the relief of Lemnos; and therefore or-
dered Captain Edmund Shrieve of the
EXPEDITION.
147
Veſtal armed ſhip, who was cruizing
about the north part of the ifland, to
keep a good look-out for them.
THE captain defired, as moft of his
crew were ill, that more men might be
ſent him, without which it was impoffible
for him to quit the place where he was,
as he had only twenty men and boys
able to ſtand upon deck, and even thoſe
were much weakened by having been
at fhort allowance for fome time.
OCTOBER the fifth, early in the
morning, the Veftal's people faw five
fail coming round the north-eaſt point
of Lemnos, and foon after as many
more as amounted to thirteen fail.
They ſuppoſed theſe ſhips had Turkiſh
troops on board.
CAPTAIN SHRIEVE was confined to
his bed with the flux.
When he was
K 2
148 THE RUSSIAN
informed that the enemy was in fight,
he defired he might be carried directly
upon the quarter-deck, being deter-
mined never to give up the fhip. He
ordered the Ruffian colours to be
hoifted, the guns to be loaded with
langrege fhot, and all the gratings
to be fecured, fo that fhe was in the
beſt ſtate of defence poffible. They
had not ftrength fufficient to purchaſe
their anchor, therefore were obliged
to remain in the fame fituation. The
captain fainted away upon deck, and
was obliged to be carried down to his
cabbin; however the crew were kept
in fpirits, and being animated by the
behaviour of their officers they all re-
folved to fight to the laſt, and then (as
no mercy could be expected) to blow
themſelves up in her, and take a laft
EXPEDITION.
149
and glorious revenge on their ene-
mies.
THE Turks avoided the Veftal at
fea; they faw no more of them, till
about one o'clock in the afternoon,
when having landed without oppo-
fition, they fent back the veffels
they came in, and marched down
to the north-weft end of the ifland.
Here they found two large boats, which
the Greeks had deferted, and immedi-
ately fat one of them on fire, and were
going to do the fame by the other, but
being within reach of the Veſtal's guns,
and forely galled by their ſhot (inſtead
of manning this boat and boarding her)
they ſheered off as fast as poffible.
When the Turks retreated from the
beach towards the caſtle, the Veftal's
people ſeized the boat, and brought it
K 3
I 50
THE RUSSIAN
to their fhip; it is very probable, if the
defired affiſtance had been fent to cap-
tain Shrieve in time, he would have de-
ſtroyed one half of the enemy, and
obliged the others to retire, as the
veffels which brought them were of
little or no force.
So true it is, that while the coward,
by fhrinking from danger, generally
falls a victim to his own pufillanimity,
the brave man as frequently efcapes,
by meeting it with intrepidity.
SOON after the fiege was raifed,
Count Orloff, by a fignal under the
keyfer flag, fo called, being a jack
hoiſted at the main-top-maſt-head, and
worn only by the lord high admiral,
ordered the captains of admiral El-
phingfton's fquadron, in the name of
the emprefs, to put their fhips under
EXPEDITION.
151
the command of admiral Spiritdoff;
although admiral Elphingſton, by vir-
tue of his commiffion, under the impe-
rial hand and feal, was commander in
chief of his own fquadron, and who had
joined admiral Spiritdoff's for the pur-
pofe of attacking the enemy's fleet as
advantageouſly as poffible for the good
of the fervice. Count Orloff then
went with two fhips of the line to
Paros, and the admirals Spiritdoff and
Elphington to the ifland of Tarfo for
mafts, &c. for the fleet.
THIS ifland lies to the weftward of
the iſland of Samondiachi, in the lati-
tude of 40° 53', and 24° 55′ caft long.
and is about twelve miles in length,
and eight in breadth. It abounds in
wood, fruit, and corn, and has fome
quarries of fine marble, &c. The
KA
4
£52 THE RUSSIAN.
town is fituated in a plain on the north
fide of the ifland, and the harbour is
frequented by ſhipping.
HERE the united fquadrons re-
mained, almoft inactive, till the be-
ginning of December, when admiral
Spiritdoff received orders from Count
Orloff, to look after four fail of Alge-
rines; twelve of Dulcignates, and
fifteen or fixteen other veffels, under
convoy, with men and proviſions
on board for Conftantinople: the
grand feignior having ordered the
dey of Algiers to fupply him more
particularly with all the feamen poffi-
ble, as it was what the Turkish marine
moſt wanted, in confequence of the
deftruction of their grand fleet,
As foon as thefe orders were commu-
nicated to admiral Elphingſton (which
EXPEDITION.
153
it is believed was not till forty-eight
hours after they had been received) he
failed from Tarfo, in the Netromena,
with the Saratoff, and Nadifda, in
queft of them. He had a fair wind all
the way, and in thirty hours after fail-
ing from Tarfo made Cape Baba, and
diſcovered a fail ſteering for Tenedos
road, and foon after nine fail more,
which proved to be part of the ſhips.
he was looking after.
HE crowded all the fail poffible,
but could not come up with them,
before they got into the Dardanelles :
however he took in the road of Te-
nedos a Ragufan veffel, and five or fix
felluccas, going with filks, rice, and
fruit for Conftantinople; which proved
a moſt ſeaſonable refreſhment to the
fleet.
154
THE RUSSIAN
A STRONG gale came on from the
fouth-west, and a high fea that de-
tained him three days, at the end of
which the admiral failed from Tene-
dos, and arrived at Port Auſa, in the
ifland of Paros, on the fifteenth of De-
cember.
ADMIRAL ELPHINGSTON had failed
from Tarfo, with the reft of the fleet;
the Africa and St. Paul of admiral
Elphington's fquadron were ordered
to Vitulo, to take out the crew of the
Rhodes*, who in her paſſage to Leghorn
* This fhip proved leaky foon after he was
taken; but through the innate lazinefs of the Ruf-
fians, they neglected to heave her down, though in
poffeffion of one of the fineſt harbours in the world,
for two months time did they ever clean or caulk any
of their ſhips, but continued in idleneſs, eating up every
thing in the iſland, without the leaft thoughts of
future want.
EXPEDITION.
155
was obliged to be run on fhore, to pre-
vent her finking. The Greeks who had
before been abandoned by the Ruffians
refuſed, on that account, to aſſiſt them,
obferving at the fame time, that their
fituation was too critical to rifk of-
fending the Turks again by refuſing .
to deliver them up if demanded. And
they could not defend the fhip, by rea-
fon that thefe had hove her fo far
upon the fhore, that fhe lay almoft on
her broadfide.
THE lofs of this fhip gave the Ruf
fians more concern than that of the
Swatifloff, it being the only one they had
taken from the enemy, which was in-
tended to be ſent to St. Peterſburgh as
a trophy, to the people, of their glori-
ous victory over the Turks. The Ruf
fians, at the end of the laft century,
156 THE RUSSIAN
could not fend a fhip to fea; but
fo rapid has been their fuccefs in
the improvement of their navy, that
in the year 1770, they triumphed
over the Ottomans, in their own feas,
whofe marine within two centuries was
formidable to all Europe.
•
ADMIRAL SPIRITDOFF arrived the
day after admiral Elphingſton at Auſa,
having put into Milo. Here they
found admiral Almanoff, who had gone
from Navarina with the fick and
wounded, and had been employed the
whole fummer in baking bread there.
The Counts Orloffs were
were gone
gone to
Leghorn with their fhips.
DECEMBER the twenty-eighth an
Engliſh brig came into Paros from
Leghorn all the Engliſh applied for
leave to return on board her to that
EXPEDITION.
157
city. January the fifth arrived rear-
admiral Arff, a Dane, with two fhips
of the line, and the Old Adventure
man of war fitted up like the New
Indiamen, that had been bought in
lieu of the Northern Eagle, which
we before-mentioned bearing the fame
name. He brought likewife twelve
fail of Engliſh veffels as tranſports,
having on board ftores, and about
three-thouſand troops. There was
another man of war left at Mahon,
having got on fhore and received fome
damage.
JANUARY the eleventh admiral El-
phingſton was ordered on a cruize, and
to ſhift his flag on board the Northern
Eagle, but it afterwards appeared, that
his true deſtination was to Leghorn by
Count Orloff's order, who wanted to
158 THE RUSSIAN
fpeak with him there. Admiral Spiritdoff
dreading that the enemy fhould know
of admiral Elphington's quitting the
fleet, deſired of him to give out that
he was going on a cruize, and not
to bear away till admiral Spiritdoff
was out of fight, and clear off the ifland,
eſpecially as Count Orloff had likewiſe
requeſted it, in confequence of which
the whole fquadron was kept in igno-
rance of admiral Elphingſton's deſtina-
tion, till fome time after he had failed.
On his arrival at Leghorn, he was
requeſted to remain incognito, dur-
ing his quarantine. The true rea-
ſon of this, as alfo for his going after-
wards to Ruffia, is not known. Admi-
ral Elphingſton complying with Count
Orloff's requeſt, himſelf and ſons, went
by the name of Howard, while per-
ÉXPÉDITION.
159
forming quarantine. It muſt appear
very obvious to the reader, that there
could be no other reafon given for this
very fingular behaviour, and extraor-
dinary conduct of admiral Spirit doff and
Count Orloff, but that the admiral was
afraid of being attacked by the Turks
in his abfence, and the Count; that
admiral Elphingſton ſhould receive the
honour and refpect due to his merit
from the grand duke of Tuſkany, and
the nobility. Various reports however
have been circulated, but none of
them fufficiently authenticated, to
deſerve a place in this work: however
we can, from undoubted authority,
affure the public, that the Empress has
feen through the malicious motives,
and jealouſy of his enemies, and has re-
ceived marks of her Imperial Majefty's
160 THE RUSSIAN
favour: even the Ruffians themſelves
begin to be fenfible, nothing having
been done till he joined them, nor
nothing fince he left them, witneſs
Coron, Modon, Navarino, Lemnos, and
Negro Point. The admiral's return to
England is foon expected, who muft
confirm the truth of this Narrative, and
who, moſt probably, will give him-
felf a fuller account of the expedition,
as alſo the unmerited treatment he has
met with for his faithful fervices from
the tools of the Ruffian court. Nothing
has been advanced through prejudice;
to give a faithful narrative of this ex-
pedition has been the fole object of
the writer.
POST-
INDE X.
A.
NGELO, cape, where fituated, p. 33.
ANGEL
Achmet Effendi (one of the grand fignior's principal
ſecretaries of ſtate) fome account of the taking of
his wife and family, in their paffage from Grand Cairo
to Conftantinople, 109, 110.
B.
Bender, taken by the Ruffians, under Count Romanzow,
with fome account of its fituation, 7.
Boyd, pilot, his death and praiſe, 123.
C.
Catherine the Second, emprefs of Ruffia, having refolved
to invade the Turkish dominions by fea, fends a fleet
into the Mediterranean, 8; Conftantinople alarmed,
ibid. Copenhagen, where fituated, 12; its pleaſures
divert fome of the Ruffian officers from their duty,
ibid.
Cruce, captain of admiral Spiritdoff's fhip, his gallant
behaviour, and remarkable intrepidity in remaining
aboard, though his fhip was on fire, and is at length
taken up wounded, 65.
i
INDE X.
D.
Dugdale, Lieutenant, his intrepid refolution in continu-
ing on board his ſhip, in order to fire her, after the
baſe and almoſt total defection of his men, 76, 77
E.
Elphington, admiral, employed in fitting out a fleet, with
the difficulties attending his departure for the Archi-
pelago, 10, 13; arives at Portſmouth, ibid. his recep- |
tion there, 13, 14; his ſquadron is thoroughly repaired,
and fets fail for the Morea, 14; number of fhips, &c..
which compofed his fleet, 14, 15; arrives in the
paffage between cape Matapan, and the island of
Cerigo in the Morea, 18, 19; the meafures propofed
by him for the reduction of the Morea are over-
ruled, 21, 22; receives intelligence concerning the
Turkiſh flect, and goes in queſt of them, 22, 24;
fingly engages the Turkish vice and rear admiral;
and obliges them to fly, 25; purfues, comes up, and
engages them a ſecond time in the harbour of Napoli
di Romani, 26, 30; heroic and gallant action of his,
30; demands a reinforcement from count Orloff, 31;
refolves to wait for the Turks, is obliged to fly in turn,
31, 33; joins admiral Spiritdoff, 34; confers with
him, and fends captain Metefkoy on a meffage to
him, 40, 41; receives intelligence by a French polacre
concerning the preparations of the Turks, 41, 42;
goes aboard Count Orloff in order to concert mea-
fures for the approaching engagement, 55; his plan
of attack, notwithſtanding its apparent advantages,
rejected, 56, 57; his reafons for declining to lead
INDE X.
the van, 57, 58; his propofal for forcing the paffage.
of the Dardanelles difregarded, 86, 87; his ſpirited
anſwer to Count Orloff with regard to the practica-
bility of fuch an attempt, ibid. receives information
of the defigns of the enemy, ibid. is adviſed of the
ftate of the Turkish fleet, 113; receives a letter from
Count Orloff, with an account of the operations before
Lemnos caftle, 120; fends captain Prefton with fhells,
c. to Lemnos, 120, 121; intrepid behaviour when
his fhip ſtruck on a ſhoal, 127; goes to Lemnos to con-
fer with Count Orloff, 134; captains of his fquadron
ordered to obey admiral Spiritdaff, 150, 151; fails in
queft of the fleet of Algerines, &c. who were carrying
men and ftores to Conftantinople, 152; English failors
offer to mount the breach at Lemnos under lord
Effingham, not agreed to, 141; is ordered on a
cruize of rather to fail for Leghorn, where he remain-
ed incognito likewife by order, 165.
F.
;
Fleet, Ruffian, preparations for fitting it out, &c. 8, 9 ;
lift of it, with captains names, number of men and
guns, 16; junction of the different fquadrons which
compofed the fleet, and uniting under the command
of Count Orloff, 46; fails in queft of the Turkish
fleet at Scio, 50; fome account of its operation after
the deftruction of the Turkish fleet off Scio, 88, 91;
goes into the harbour of Mudro, after the Siege of
Lemnos was abandoned, 144.
Fleet, Turkish, lift of it, 17; flies before the Ruffians,
and ſhelters itſelf under the forts of Palmeto and Bo-
4
IN D E X.
kaia, 28; encouraged by inferiority of the enemy's
fleet, refolves to quit their ſtation, and attack them,
31; chaces the Turkiſh fleet in turn, 32, 33.
G.
Gallitzin, Prince, marches against the Turks, but is re-
called by his fovereign to affift in the cabinet, 6.
Glaſgow, Mr. belonging to the St. Paul, in great dan-
ger from a Greek villain, 118.
Greeks, their joy at the arrival of the Ruffians under
admiral Elphington, 20; loudly complain of, and ex-
ecrate the Ruffians for abandoning them to the
refentment of their mercileſs enemies, 35; great num-
bers of them, without diftinction of age or ſex, are
maffacred at Smyrna by the Turkish failors, who
efcaped from Smyrna, 86; they refuſal to affift the
· people of the Rhodes with their reaſon, 155.
Gregg, commodore, burns the Turkifb fleet, 74, 75; is
promoted, 86.
Gregoree, a Greek gentleman, his humane and generous
behaviour to the officers and men of the St. Paul,
119, 120.
H.
Hannibal, general, mafter of the train, his origin, 72;
claims the honour of leading the fire fhips as due to
his office, which produced fome delay, 72, 73.
I.
Facebs, Robert, his behaviour when delivered from the
Turks, after eleven years bondage, 81.
Imbro iДland, fee Lembro.
IN D E X.
K.
King of Poland, his character, 2; would have been de-
throned, but for the protection of the empress of
Ruſſia, 5, 6.
L.
Lembro, or Imbro, ifland, fome account thereof, 99.
Lemnos castle befieged by Count Orloff, 96; a breach be-
ing made, offers to capitulate, 121.
Lemincs ifland, fome account of its extent and products,
134, 135; famous for the mineral terra figillata,
ibid. account of the fiege of 136, 142; two breaches
are made in the walls of the caſtle, and an attempt
made to take it by ſtorm, but without fuccefs, 137:
fiege turned into a blockade, 138,
M.
Malteſe flave, his deliverance fingularly providential, 82.
Mattey, George, refcued from flavery by the Ruffians,
82.
M'Kenzie, lieutenant, his report of Count Orloff's orders
with regard to the Turkish prifoners, 67, 68; his
fuccefs in affifting to fire the Turkish fleet, 77.
Modon retaken by the Turks, 45.
Mudro, fine harbour in the iſland of Lemnos, 135-
N.
Nadifda frigate makes fignals of diftrefs, 133.
O.
Orloff, Tedor, Count, efcapes from on board the St. Eufta-
fia, which caught fire and blew up with the Capitana
Ali bey of 100 guns, 65.
INDE X.
h
Orloff, Alexy, Count, is obliged to abandon Navarina
with precipitation, 45; joins the admirals Elphing ſton
and Spiritdoff, and takes upon him the command of
the whole fleet, 47; gains important intelligence,
49; comes up with the enemy off Scio, 53; throws
out the fignal for a general engagement, 59; defeats
the enemy, 60, 64; holds a council of war, 72, 73;
his conduct immediately after the victory, 82, 86;
reception of the merchants who were fent by the
Engliſh, French, and Italian confuls of Smyrna, 107;
his reaſon for refuſing liberty to fome priſoners, 108;
fets free others out of regard to the Britiſh confuls,
ibid. priſoners of diſtinction, his behaviour to them, 109;
his generous and noble conduct with regard to a
young captive lady of rank and beauty, 110, 111;
praiſe of him, 112; orders fatisfaction to be made to the
Greeks for fome depredations committed by the crew
of the St. Paul, 125; raifes the fiege of Lemnos,
143; his reaſon for this step, 144, 145; receives
intelligence concerning the Turkish preparations for
the relief of Lemnos, 146,
P.
Panin, Count, diſpatched for intelligence concerning
the enemy, 42.
Paros bay, fafe arrival of the Ruffian fleet there, its fitua-
tion, &c. deſcribed, 47, 48; reflections on its preſent
and ancient ftate, 48.
Paros iſland, its fituation and extent, 151, 152.
Preston, captain, his return to the fleet with the crew of
the St. Paul, with an account of the hardships they
fuffered, 114, 130.
IN DE X.
1
R.
Romanzow, Count, fucceeds prince Gallitzin in the com-
mand of the army, 7.
Ruffian captain's fpirited behaviour and hard fortune,
67, 71.
Ruffian failors and mariners, their bravery in the engage-
ment near Napoli di Romani, 26; Ruffian land forces
are obliged to retire from the Morea, and embark on
board admiral Spirit doff's fquadron, 35.
Rhodes ſhip of war run a fhore to prevent her finking.
354; concern of the Ruffians for the lofs of men, 155.
S.
Scio, iſland of, the Tarks defeated there, 58, 64; fome
account of it, and its capital, 72, 96.
Sea fight between the Ruffians and Turks, 60, 64.
Spiritdeff, admiral, fets fail from Cronstadt, and arrives
at Hull, 9, 10; advantages loft by the dilatory pro-
ceeding of his diviſion, 38, 39; lands at Scia, and
attacks the Turkiſh admiral, but is diſabled, 60; his
ſhip is blown up, but he providentially efcapes,
94.
Stanislaus, Poniatowsky, Count, king of Poland, his
character, 2.
Swatifioff, admiral Elphing fton's fhip, loft off Lemmes,
127, 133; the caufe of her lofs, 153.
Shrieve, captain, ordered to watch the motions of the
Turks, 147; he defires a fupply of meat, ibid. his noble
behaviour notwithſtanding his illneſs, 148.
Spiritdoff, admiral, receives orders to watch a fleet of
IN DE X.
Algerines, &c. that were carrying men and ſtores to
the grand fignior, 15.
T.
Tenedos, ifland, its fituation and extent, 97; famous
for concealing the fham retreat of the Greeks from
Troy, 98; directions to navigators in their approach-
es to it, ibid.
Turkish officer, fome account of his intrepid behaviour
and fall, 104.
Turks, remarkable inftances of their cruelty, 65, 66;
their barbarous revenge on the inhabitants of Smyrna,
88; erect new batteries to prevent the Ruffians from
paffing the Dardanelles, 114; fally from the caſtle
of Lemnos, and burn the Ruffian bake-houſes,.
144; retire for fear of having their retreat cut off,
and fixty of them killed by the Greeks, 146.
V.
Volie fort abandoned by the Turks, 44.
W.
War between the Turks and Ruffians, with the caufes of
it, 1, 8.
Winchelſea, captain of, takes the Mediterranean paffes
from the Engliſh tranſports in the Ruffian fervice, 89.
ERRAT A.
Page 11, line 16, for returned to that Port, RE AD, returned to Revel,
whofe captain was diſmiſſed inſtead of being ſhot.
Page 31, line 16, after us, READ, being forced out by the baſhaw
of the Morea.
Þage 42, line 12,
Page 44, line 11
for Count Panin, READ, the Count Pamin tranf-
port.
and 12, for at the approach of whom, the Turks
abandoned it, READ, who found it abandoned by
the enemy, &c.
Page 70, line 1, for one hundred fail, READ, one hundred fail and
upwards.
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