PN
4900
H3
H4
making a quai
magazine Harpersi

ARTES
1837)
SCIENTIA
VERITAS
LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
E-PLURIBUS UNUM
TUEBOR
SI QUAERIS PENINSULAM AMOENAM
CIRCUMSPICE
1

В
Buhe B 809490
PN
4900
.H3
H4
י
Così in place
2
い
​
THE MAKING
OF
A GREAT MAGAZINE
ΛΑΜΠΑΔΙΑ
ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ
ΑΔΩΣΟΥΣΙΝ
ΜΗΛΟΙΣ
NEW YORK · HARPER & BROTHERS · PRINTERS &
PUBLISHERS FRANKLIN SQUARE MDCCCLXXXIX
·
·
•
2
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
Christian Union, N. Y.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is as rich as ever
in illustration, fiction, and poetry, while it
also contains some important historical, in-
dustrial, and social studies.
•·
Boston Journal.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is always invigo-
rating and full of energy with its descriptive
sketches, fiction, and criticism.
Boston Courier.
A Christmas gift which will be a recur-
ring joy throughout the entire year will be
a subscription to one of Harper's publica-
tions. At the head of them stands the
splendid HARPER'S MAGAZINE, a magazine
without a rival in the whole wide world,
both from an artistic and literary stand-
point.
Chicago Inter-Ocean.
There are no better volumes to preserve
intact the best current literature of the year
than the bound numbers of HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE, and the children even of the next
generation will find the pages both charm-
ing and instructive. . . . It was projected
with a wise knowledge of the needs of a
cultivated people, and from the outset has
been an honor to its projectors, and has
steadily kept abreast of the best of all that
comes within its field. HARPER'S MONTHLY
MAGAZINE, in the high character of its con-
tributions and editorials, and in the even-
ness with which a high standard in illustra-
tion has been maintained, has no superior
in periodical literature.
Congregationalist, Boston.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is one of those
household favorites which, when once in-
stalled as a regular visitor and friend, can
hardly be dislodged by anything less than
the breaking up of the family itself.
Memphis Avalanche.
Monthlies may come and Monthlies may
go, but HARPER'S bids fair to go on forever,
and to become better with every new moon.
Christian Advocate, Pittsburg.
Of all the characteristic attractions pecul-
iar to HARPER'S MONTHLY none is more
exquisitely artistic than the drawings of E.
A. Abbey.
Examiner, N. Y.
The wealth of illustration in HARPER'S
MAGAZINE is so great that only careful ex-
amination gives one an adequate idea of
the skill and money that has been expended
on this one feature alone.
N. Y. Journal of Commerce.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE ranks first in the
world in circulation. Its history is a large
part of the literary history of the nineteenth
century in America.
Springfield (Mass.) Union.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE always comes well
freighted with literary treasures.
Boston Post.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is warmly praised
the quantity of its illustrations. Many of
not only for its interesting articles, but for
them have never been excelled in a maga-
zine.
Washington Post.
There is always a sense of pleasure in
taking up HARPER'S. It never belies its
name. Years come and go, and yet it is a
has made a great stride forward in the ex-
new monthly magazine. Of late years it
cellence of its illustrations.
Every Evening, Wilmington, Del.
One great attraction of HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE is its able editorial departments re-
presenting such writers as George William
Curtis, William Dean Howells, and Charles
Dudley Warner.
The Epoch, N. Y.
HARPER'S is received, and one has to
search diligently for some phrase not worn
out to describe its excellence.
Christian Advocate, Nashville, Tenn.
of the world.
HARPER'S leads the illustrated magazines
Boston Evening Transcript.
The sterling old favorite (HARPER'S) is
never found wanting, and the source from
which it draws so many good things seems
inexhaustible.
Evangelist, N. Y.
The wealth of capital, brains, taste, knowl-
edge of the times, and of the subjects adapt-
ed to reveal the times and to instruct them,
which is laid up in one year of Harper's
serial publications, can impress us properly
only by turning over leisurely the pages of
the annual issues. The MAGAZINE is a
moving panorama of the world's best life,
in literature, art, science, politics, industries,
travels, archæology, sociology, and biogra-
phy. We cordially commend it as among
the luxuries of life that soon become neces-
sities.
[Continued on Third Page of Cover.]
+

FAA
88
lieve i
TER
Mak
COD
Drawn by Edwin A. Abbey.
Engraved by Frank French.
THE DAY OF REST (Vol. LXXIV., p. 494).

Harper
$
میم
New Yo
THE MAKING OF A GREAT
MAGAZINE * * * * * * *
Being an inquiry into the past and
the future of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
With specimen illustrations and a partial
analysis of the contents in recent years

11569

ΛΑΜΠΑΔΙΑ
ΕΧΟΝΤΕΣ
ΔΙΑΔΩΣΟΥΣΙΝ
ΑΛΛΗΛΟΙΣ
NEW YORK · HARPER & BROTHERS · PRINTERS &
PUBLISHERS FRANKLIN SQUARE M DCCC LXXXIX
·
•

22
Jam R
Copyright, 1889, by HARPER & BROTHERS.
All rights reserved.

A
THE MAKING
OF
HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
A
MAN of vast learning, who occupied
the highest scientific position the
government of the United States could
give, who edited for many years a depart-
ment in HARPER'S MAGAZINE, had once
presented to his notice by Congress a sub-
ject requiring particular study.
Though Professor Baird's knowledge
was comprehensive, the matter he was
asked to fathom had many novel charac-
teristics. Individual facts, no matter how
widely scattered, the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution had at his finger-
ends; but now he was called upon to look
over the entire ground of one branch of
research. He was required to formulate
the laws governing the subject. Some of
the colleagues of this distinguished man,
appalled by the magnitude of the task im-
posed on him, asked how he was going to
do it.
Professor Baird's reply was character-
istic. "I look," he said, on the subject
as a huge cheese, and I shall try to think
that I am a mouse. I see no want of dig-
nity in comparing myself to a mouse, for
the first thing I shall do will be, like a
mouse, to scamper around that cheese.
What I want to do is to get inside of it, to
work myself, if I can, into its very core. I
shall try and familiarize myself with its
size and shape. By dint of finding out a
little about it at first, more and more of
that cheese will, I trust, become apparent
to me. Sooner or later I may find an
entrance. That opening made, after a
while I hope the contents of that cheese
will be mine."
Accustomed as many are to the discus-
sions of subjects appertaining to general
literature, no one could be otherwise than
diffident in an endeavor to describe what
has been presented to the people of this
country in the seventy-nine volumes of
HARPER'S MAGAZINE. A publication ap-
pearing in monthly numbers, which has
continued without a break for over the
third of a century, providing its plans
have been well conceived and intelligent-
ly carried out, can be nothing else than
the record of the world's progress, em-
phasizing every step made in its onward
march.
It is, then, without any counterfeited
diffidence that the task is undertaken of
presenting some idea of what HARPER'S
MAGAZINE has done in the past. To proph-
esy what might be its development in the
time to come would be impossible. As it
has grown far beyond what its origina-
tors ever supposed were the limitations
of a magazine, so in the years yet unborn
HARPER'S MAGAZINE must still keep grow-
ing, in order to meet the newer, the un-
known requirements.
One practical way of presenting to pub-
lic notice the scope of HARPER'S MAGA-
ZINE would be to take the data discover-
able in its Index. To study this would
be, from its extent, difficult, for this In-
dex covers every subject man is capable of
understanding. It is encyclopædic.
It
If an attempt be made to philosophize
on the choice of subjects, it may be said
that HARPER'S MAGAZINE really has little
to do with the exact selecting of them.
What it has tried to accomplish has been
to follow new fields of human interest
just as they presented themselves.
has striven to be in sympathetic relation-
ship with the intellectual wants, not of a
single community, but of all of them.
It has to satisfy human curiosity. The
world" wants to know," and HARPER'S
MAGAZINE must and does answer all ques-
tionings. It does not arrogate to lead
men's thoughts, save in regard to higher
moral questions; for all else it is in a
measure led itself.
It is by no means a hap-hazard art

2
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
CKS
Drawn by F. D. Millet.
A RUSSIAN PEASANT (Vol. LXXIV., p. 715).
which selects what are the topics of the
highest interest of the day, of the week,
the month, or the year, but the aim of
those who direct the course of the Maga-
zine is to be "in touch" with its countless
readers.
Instruction is to-day meanly, even im-
perfectly, imparted if not presented in a
Engraved by G. Kruell.
tangible, visible way. Descriptions are
but vague unless one sees something like
the thing written about. Geography would
be an abstract study without an atlas. A
child might labor on for years vainly
trying to understand the configuration of
the United States, had he no map.
Why should we have given the go-by

The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
3
LAKE VIEW PARK, CLEVELAND, OHIO (Vol. LXXII., p. 581).
in modern language to those apt words "a picture-
book," or use them to-day in a rather derogatory
sense? The reason is that illustrative art, as far as
it was introduced into books, had not, thirty years ago, kept pace with the text.
Considered in its illustrative signification, "a picture-book" should mean quite as
much as a picture-gallery. Endeavor then was made in HARPER'S MAGAZINE to
bring the art of wood-engraving to a high degree of excellence. This Magazine
has reconstructed an art which was torpid and languishing, and has given it life
and vigor. To-day American wood-engravers have no equals, and their choicest
productions find their appropriate places in HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Returning to the Index, and looking it over in a cursory manner, taking a few
of the subjects in alphabetical sequence, this Index begins with Aeronautics and
concludes with Zoology. It holds within itself the alpha and the omega of all
knowledge. Omitting many subjects, here is Africa, Agriculture, American Re-
bellion, Amusements, Anecdotes, Anthropology,
Autographs, Aquatics, Archæology, Architec-
ture, Asia, Astronomy, Battles, Biography, Bot-
any, Castles, Cemeteries, Ceramics, Character
Sketches, Chemistry, China, Churches, Com-
merce, Costumes, Drama, Decorative Art, Edu-
cation, Egypt, Engineering, Finance, Fine Arts,
Fisheries, France, Geology, Germany, History,
Hunting, Industrial Art, Journalism, Lakes,
Literary Notes, Maps, Museums, Medicines, Me-
chanics, Military Science, Mining, Moral Science,
Navigation, Numismatics, Obituary
Notices, Painting, Palestine, Polar Ex-
ploration, Portraits, Psychology, Rail-
roads, Reviews, Revolutions, Russia,
Science, Sculptures, Social Philoso-
phy, Statistics, Telegraphs, Travel, Tur-
key, Volcanoes, West Indies, Zoology.
THE GARFIELD MONUMENT, FOR LAKE VIEW CEMETERY, CLEVELAND, OHIO (Vol. LXXII. p. 581).

From the painting by John S. Sargent.
Engraved by Frank French.
PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG LADY (Vol. LXXV., p. 687).

The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
These topics are, as it were,
but the occasional trunks of
trees raising their heads over
what might be called a forest
of information. When the sub-
jects are looked at themselves,
then only can their ramifica-
tions be discovered. From these
trees start the many branches,
which are countless.
With succeeding years HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE has acknow-
ledged the progression of ideas,
and novel treatment of old
subjects necessarily presented
themselves.
The world knows more to-
day than it did a quarter of
a century ago. It is, then, a
good criticism on the vitality
of any particular science to de-
clare that it is still growing.
As additional facts are discov-
ered, either new books or new
chapters must be written on for-
mer subjects. HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE must, then, be abreast
with modern thought, and keep the record
of it.
There can be no great discovery of mod-
ern times, on the one hand, of a purely
scientific character, or, on the other, of
practical adaptation to man's wants, which
does not fir place in HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE.
Examples of this to be found in this In-
dex are endless. For instance, the com-
merce of the world awaits to-day such
novel developments as must arise from
the cutting through of that narrow strip
of land which, joining North and South
America, divides a continent from the At-
lantic and Pacific oceans. In HARPER'S
MAGAZINE there can be read all the his-
torical data regarding this isthmus, as
when the Spaniard first tracked his way
through it. Early Darien, Panama, Nic-
aragua are fully described. Here is the
thrilling story of the exploration made
by Lieutenant Strain in 1854; here are
the engineering data giving the plans for
the Panama Railroad. Through the many
volumes page after page is presented of
the many efforts made, until in the pro-
gression of time we come to the Lesseps
canal, or that novel work now to be un-
dertaken by our own people.
The Magazine sums up the entire his-
tory of all the efforts evolved to girdle
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS (Vol. LXII., p. 381).
10
5
the world; the subjects treated by the
ablest engineers, or by those who have
been the first to fight their way through
the wilds, when there was but the barest
conception of the work entertained. In
some future number of HARPER'S MAGA-
ZINE man's finished achievement will be
heralded, and even then the last word will
not be printed.
Taking again this one subject of pier-
cing a canal through from sea to sea or
ocean to ocean, in America or in Africa,
for its fuller comprehension the histor-
ical, geographical, climatic, diplomatic,
mechanical, social, financial, and other
elements have to be considered. All of
these will be found treated under their
respective heads.
Is it the manners or customs of races
of men that require study? The Index
shows not less than three hundred refer-
ences. If it be as regards mechanics that
inquiry be made, from Whitney's cotton-
gin to Whitworth's gun no important
human invention has been overlooked.
Take medicine. When HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE was first published, anæsthesia was
but a tentative thing. Here is the history
of it when ether and chloroform were
first used. Here are, too, the records of
the great authorities on diseases, conclud-
ing with the work of Pasteur.
6
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Would a reader inform himself in re-
gard to navigation? In these volumes
can be read the past history of the men
who sailed in search of new lands, with
the older methods of ship construction.
Here is the history of the merchant and
naval fleets of all countries, with the prac-
tical and scientific data. The clipper-
ships of the times that are gone have
their stories told, until, to wind up the
subject, in a recent number of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE an English constructor of ships
and an American admiral, the highest
authorities on naval matters, told what
are the great iron-clads of to-day, their
methods of building, and their arma-
ments.
It is necessary to hark back to the past
in order to explain what is being done by
this Magazine to-day.
Under the one comprehensive heading
of "Travel," there has been written in
HARPER'S MAGAZINE an entire cosmogra-
phy. From Abyssinia to the Zuyder-Zee
all foreign lands are presented. These
are not dry details, the bare configurations
of territory, but articles written by intel-
ligent travellers. Here are the prints of
the mountains, rivers, lakes, and the best
conception can be obtained of what they
look like.
represent or be subservient to the inter-
ests of any particular class.
In its Historical Record, the Index fills
over thirty-three pages.
No event of im-
portance has happened during the last
thirty years which does not find its place.
Month after month in chronological or-
der have been presented the essential facts
which make up history. If more extend-
ed information be required, there are spe-
cial articles where historical subjects
have been exhaustively treated.
In Biography there is the same com-
pleteness. The Magazine has not restrict-
ed itself to the record of the men of to-
day alone, but has also occupied itself
with the study of the great characters of
the past.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, though absolutely
unsectarian, tells of all the great religious
movements; and the cathedrals, churches,
sacred edifices, monuments of Europe, the
mosques of the East, the temples of Japan,
China, India, are described, with fitting
illustrations.
That higher phase of art which is ar-
chitecture has been fully appreciated by
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, and from the Taj
Mahal to the most recent public building,
providing the latter be of general interest,
their descriptions, with finished pictures,
appear.
It happens frequently to-day that the
world has an interest in some new coun- In Fine Arts there have been passed
try. At once HARPER'S MAGAZINE sends through the pages of this Magazine all
some one to that land who has the best the works of the great artists. The
powers of describing what he sees. Fol- methods of painters, sculptors, engravers,
lowing him goes the artist, and the pen of bronze-makers, their lives, are given.
and pencil work in unison, and both find HARPER'S MAGAZINE becomes in part an
a place in HARPER'S MAGAZINE. No mat- art journal, for its pages present, in a
ter how diverse are its requirements, it is keenly illustrative sense, the truest cop-
the particular function of this Magazine ies of the chefs-d'œuvre, not of the past
to meet every demand.
alone, but of the present.
Subjects of home interest the Magazine
treats thoroughly. Topics which interest
men in this country, which occupy their
minds, must be told about in the pages of
the Magazine. When they are of an in-
dustrial or social character, as there must
always be two sides to any question, such
subjects are treated in a strictly impartial
manner. The ablest representatives write
their respective views for HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE.
•
Political economy, a subject now agi-
tating the world, finds in this Index end-
less references. The treatment of all
these important matters is largely and
broadly worked out, as free from bias as
possible; for HARPER'S MAGAZINE cannot
As to those major and minor subjects,
almost indescribable from their variety,
matters which influence us, however, in
no small degree, there has been for many
years an exponent in HARPER'S MAGA-
ZINE which has no rival. Here the life
of the American people is shown reflect-
ed, as it were, by a thousand prisms. If
it has laughed at passing foibles, it has
inculcated the closest adherence to the
highest moral law. Those many essays
found in a special department of the Mag-
azine, and entitled "The Easy Chair,
have had to do not alone with the book
education of the people of the United
States, but have influenced the hearts of
our men and women. In those distress-
""

From a photograph.
Engraved by W. M. Aikman.
SCENE IN HOPE RANCH, SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA (Vol. LXXV., p. 833).

တ
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
CHARLES F. BROWNE ("ARTEMUS WARD").
Vol. LXXII., p. 574.
ing times which are past, HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE held men true and stanch to their
duty, and when the crisis had passed, it
strove to teach the lesson of forgiveness.
When a phrase is often repeated, it is
popularly adopted, because it is the best
suited for homely use, and so it may be
said that HARPER'S MAGAZINE is a pub-
lication which can be safely brought
into the family."
66
The Magazine has, too, what may be
designated as durability. It keeps well.
Never ephemeral, a number of it is not
for to-day alone, but for all time. It is
written to last. It furnishes information
not alone for the date of its issue, but for
time to come.
So far, the consideration of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE has been rather directed tow-
ard such instruction as its pages afford.
But there is another phase by no means
of less importance. The world does not
always want to study its lessons, collect
its facts, or shape its arguments. The
mind requires its hours of relaxation.
There is as much need for mental as for
physical recreation. In the many prov-
inces of human knowledge HARPER'S
MAGAZINE has striven toward proficien-
cy. At the very beginning,
this publication appreciated
the necessity of providing its.
readers with fiction, and it
held that such fiction must
only be drawn from the pur-
est sources.
"The scope of fiction is as
broad as Life and Imagina-
tion, and its influence is finer
and profounder than that of
all other literature. Fiction
is the final fact of human
education.... It is no more
waste of time to read a good.
novel than to read a good
poem, or to look at a fine
sunset, or to yield to a noble
impulse, and the instinctive
love of the world answers.
the objections to story-telling
as the bobolink disposes of
the Quaker objection to mu-
sic. What are the novelists.
but the story-tellers on the
long march and bivouac of
life?"
These are the words to be
found in the "Editor's Easy
Chair," written over a quar-
ter of a century ago, when Thackeray and
Anthony Trollope were contributing their
serial stories to the Magazine.
When in 1850 the first number of HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE was issued, Washington
Irving had just published his complete
works. James Fenimore Cooper's last
romance was written in 1850.
Ten years.
before, Edgar A. Poe had completed his
wonderful stories with the Tales of the
Grotesque and Arabesque. Charles.
Brockden Brown and his works belonged.
to a period which was more remote.
American writers of fiction in 1850, thir-
ty-nine years ago, were few and far be--
tween, but the instruction of a new people
was to have its beginning.
It happened that at the birth of the
Magazine opened one of the most brill-
iant periods of the Victorian age of let-
ters. At once the works of great writers.
of English fiction were, through the me-
dium of HARPER'S MAGAZINE, placed in
the hands of the American people.
Charles Dickens, William Makepeace-
Thackeray, Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton,
Bart., George Eliot, Wilkie Collins, Charles:
Reade, Anthony Trollope, gave their aid
to this Magazine.

From a photograph.
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE--A GROUP OF THE AAGGIE FAMILY (Vol. LXXVII., p. 367).
Engraved by A. E. Wood.
1
DorM
10
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
66
""
In HARPER'S MAGAZINE appeared
"Bleak House," the famous Dickens
Christmas Stories,' "Little Dorrit,"
"Our Mutual Friend," besides many oth-
er of Dickens's shorter works. Thacke-
ray's "Adventures of Philip," his "Denis
Duval," "The Four Georges, "The New-
comes,"
The Virginians"— all impart-
ed their lustre to the pages of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE.
Bulwer's "My Novel," and George El-
iot's masterpieces, “Romola” and “Dan-
iel Deronda," with Trollope's
" with Trollope's "Orley
Farm, " "Small House at Allington," and
four more of his novels, had places in
HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE was that medium
which certainly introduced these distin-
guished writers to the many, and made
the men and women of the United States,
not of a single class, but of all grades of
life, more familiar with the leading cre-
ators of English fiction of twenty-five
years ago than were they to the special
readers at the place of their original pro-
duction.
These creations conceived by the mas-
ters of romantic literature induced other
men in this country to devote their atten-
tion to the art of fiction. There were
prizes to be won, and native authors
strove to secure them. If the Magazine
had carefully tilled the soil, it was pro-
ducing the seed to be planted therein.
Writers were found, not abroad alone,
but at home, whose choicest productions
were at once given their appropriate
places in HARPER'S MAGAZINE. Fiction,
then, the best, the most wholesome, the
most interesting, has always been one of
the distinguishing characteristics of this
Magazine.
Among the contributors may be found
Justin McCarthy, Miss Woolson, Donald
G. Mitchell, F. R. Stockton, Charles Nord-
hoff, Bayard Taylor, Miss Thackeray,
Hugh Conway, Henry James, Mary Mapes
Dodge, Mrs. Gaskell, Alice Cary, R. D.
Blackmore, George W. Curtis, John Hay,
William Black, T. B. Aldrich, Mrs. Craik,
James De Mille, J. T. Trowbridge, Richard
Grant White, Mrs. Burnett, James Payn,
Julian Hawthorne, James Ticknor Fields,
W. D. Howells, and many others.
In this one department of fiction HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE has been the receptacle of
what was the best in romance literature
of the last thirty-eight years, and it is the
medium of the highest class of fiction.
There must exist various tastes in liter-
ature, and there having been a want for
what is known as the short story, a pleas-
ing fiction, not over-extended of its kind,
to be read at a single sitting, this special
novelette has been created in no small
part by HARPER'S MAGAZINE. Its excel-
lence is so marked that English critics
are forced to acknowledge that it is the
American author who can best construct
"the short story."
""
It has been said that "the American
was an old race though a young nation,
and that it "began with too much civil-
ization for the historic school of poetry,
and that it had not attained enough cul-
tivation for the philosophic.” Such was
the dictum, due to an English critic of
forty years ago. If poetry, or the crea-
tion of it, belongs to a national tempera-
ment developed through a higher educa-
tion, early appreciation of poetry was
never wanting in the United States.
one, but many, of the famous lyrics of the
American poets were originally printed in
HARPER'S MAGAZINE. To its pages Long-
fellow, Bryant, and Tennyson have con-
tributed. The verses of the poets of Eng-
land and America have strewn its pages
with their most delicate flowers.
Not
Among many names are to be found
those of John G. Whittier, R. H. Stod-
dard, Alice Cary, Austin Dobson, E. C.
Stedman, T. B. Aldrich, Henry T. Tuck-
erman, Paul Hamilton Hayne, John G.
Saxe, Andrew Lang, Sidney Dobell, Oli-
ver Wendell Holmes, Mrs. Piatt, Will
Carleton, Walt Whitman, Bret Harte,
Bayard Taylor, John Hay, W. D. How-
ells, R. W. Gilder, etc., etc.
Those famous poems of the past, "old-
fashioned poetry, but choicely good," such
as are household words, those immortal
lines, the heritage of an English-speaking
race-these wake up once more, and greet
the readers of HARPER'S MAGAZINE. Seria-
tim these grand old songs have been taken
up.
Illustrated by the ablest artists with
appropriate designs, these much-cherished
verses delight a new generation as they
did the readers of them a century or more
ago.
The drama, its history, its present status,
the lives of the great performers of the
past, the actors of to-day, from the early
period of Greek theatre to the comedy or
the comedian now in vogue in Paris, in
London, in New York, all find their ap-
propriate places in this Magazine. The

67
DELK MUSSON
23
Drawn by A. B. Frost.
CHRISTMAS CARNIVAL IN THE NEW YORK STOCK-EXCHANGE (Vol. LXXI., p. 845).
Engraved by Henry Wolf.
UorM

12
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Schell & Hogan
MOORE
WRB. SC..
Engraved by W. R. Bodenstab.
Drawn by Schell and Hogan.
LANDING IMMIGRANTS AT CASTLE GARDEN, NEW YORK (Vol. LXIX., p. 47).
actor can find his exact costume, the the-
atrical decorator what should be the prop-
er design for his scenery. Here the rem-
iniscences of Booth, Fechter, Garrick,
Kean, Kemble, Macready, Mathews, of
Rachel, Ristori, Siddons, are all preserved.
Those glorious voices that have thrilled
the world, the instrumentalists who have
delighted us, the instruments themselves,
the music of Palestrina, the last opera
of the German, the French, the Italian
composer, are discussed, criticised, and if
the occasion permits, carefully illustrated.
"A good laugher, an honest one, is wel-
Maou
come everywhere." It can be no longer
said that Americans are not good laugh-
ers. American humor is peculiar, and
has a racy flavor of its own, original to
the people. It admits of no twang of
coarseness.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, as it is
made for all tastes, has not neglected this,
the comical side of life. From its begin-
ning, one department of the Magazine
has borne for title, "Editor's Drawer."
Here has been preserved the embodiment
of American humor, and nowhere more
than here has the most careful selection
been made. This "Editor's Drawer" is,

The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
as it were, the comic history of the United
States and of the rest of the world for the
last thirty odd years. Here too are to be
found the caricatures, but caricatures al-
ways conceived within the strictest lim-
its of propriety. It is interesting to note
that illustratively these early designs of
an amusing character sometimes bear the
names of those who later on have achieved
success in other departments of art. Be-
sides home contributions, the work of Mr.
Du Maurier now appears in HARPER'S
MAGAZINE, and this artist emphasizes a
specially amusing side of English life.
Widened, broadened, and im-
proved, the "Editor's Drawer" is
still one among the many parts
of the Magazine widely read, and
the laughter it provokes is in fit-
ting contrast to the more serious
material:
In this endeavor made to give
the public some acquaintance with
what are the salient features of
13
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, a publication havy-
ing but these ends in view, the education
with the amusement of the reader, what
has been written so far has been mainly
devoted to its past record.
The credit given any one, the reliance
placed in his capabilities, depends mainly
on the character he has gained in the past.
Credit is then retrospective. It is not the
promise of what is to be done in the time
to come which brings with it public fa-
vor. We accept only the acts of the
years that have gone by as a guarantee
for the future.
BERRASTROM
From a photograph.
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.
PHARAOH-AN AMERICAN MASTIFF (Vol. LXXIV., p. 929).

14
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Drawn by W. Hamilton Gibson.
Engraved by W. H. Morse.
FROLIC IN THE SNOW (Vol. LXXII., p. 73).
The literary advance of HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE being due to mental development,
its material one arises from mechanical
progress. The first con-
sideration, paramount to
all others, is that a mag-
azine should be clearly
printed. This is a subject
which at first sight might
seem of easy accomplish-
ment. Actually it is a
problem the difficulties of
which increase in direct
proportion to the quantity
of matter to be printed
within a given time.
AS HARPER'S MAGAZINE,
in addition to the printed
text, contains many en-
gravings, the fineness or
color, delicacy or strength,
of these prints have to
be retained, no matter how
many thousands on thou-
sands of the Magazine
have to be struck off with-
in a comparatively narrow
margin of time. Here the
public may appreciate how
troublesome is the task.
If the production of a
highly illustrated work of
art becomes only a ques-
tion of how well it can
be printed, the element of
time not being an impor-
tant factor, the output of
such a book presents no
major difficulty. Now un-
limited time, since the very
first issue of the Magazine,
never has been at the com-
mand of its publishers. As
with every month there
came an increased demand
for the Magazine, new in-
ventions, devices, process-
es, had to be carried out
in order to finish its publi-
cation on time. Though
minutes had to be count-
ed, a perfect Magazine, in
a strictly typographical
sense, had to be turned
out, and the utmost attain-
able manufacturing speed
compatible with the best
work was a necessity.
In printing the Magazine
something of a dual plan is adopted. No
machine yet devised will print absolute-
ly perfect impressions of such delicate

Drawn by H. M. Paget.
HAULING IN THE YULE-LOG (Vol. LXX., p. 15).
H.M.PAGET
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.

16
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
FHWELLINGTON
Drawn by C. S. Reinhart.
RIP VAN WINKLE (Vol. LXXII., p. 887).
wood-engravings as HARPER'S MAGAZINE
presents, if presses are driven at too high
a speed. Effects then would be obliter-
ated. Over the printing of engravings,
care, which means time, has to be spent.
For this reason many of the single-page
illustrations such as are found in the
Magazine, together with those forms con-
taining the engravings, are subjected to
a slower process of printing than the bulk
of the Magazine having the text alone.
Speedy as are the printing-presses which
Engraved by F. H. Wellington.
Wwork off HARPER'S MAGAZINE, these ma-
chines, running with the regularity of
chronometers, every movement of the
pressmen representing the highest skill,
it takes twenty-six presses all of three
hundred working hours to finish and com-
plete a single number. To tend these
machines one hundred of the most expert
pressmen are employed.
In printing, though the mechanism is
as perfect as human ingenuity can devise,
constant supervision is used. The least

From the painting by J. W. Alexander.
JOSEPH JEFFERSON IN "BOB ACRES" (Vol. LXXIII., p. 326).
2
Engraved by J. P. Davis.

Drawn by C. S. Reinhart.
LA
FIVE O'CLOCK TEA.
Illustration to "Their Pilgrimage," by Charles Dudley Warner (Vol. LXXIII., p. 114).
.CN. REINHART 185

The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
irregularity in the working of the press,
too much or too little ink, if these appar-
ently minor circumstances did not harm
the text, they would ruin the excellence
of the engravings. To obtain in black
and white a perfect fac-simile of all the
delicacy and grace the human hand has
19
cept monotony of color in wood-engrav-
ing. It is quick enough to say, "This il-
lustration may have been well engraved,
but it has been spoiled in the printing.
23
In black and white, then, there are gra-
dations of tints. To bring this about,
wood - engravings, when mechanically
JHEW
Drawn by F. Dielman.
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER.
Engraved by J. H. E. Whitney.
given to the block of boxwood, this re-
quires special solicitude.
Uniformity of pressure is exactly one
of those things which would produce the
poorest effects. American taste has been
thoroughly educated, and HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE takes credit for having made it
properly critical. The public does not ac-
printed by the hundreds of thousands of
impressions, require certain careful hand-
lings.
Before the engraving is subjected to the
press, such portions as the lights must
not receive the full impact of mechanical
pressure. By means of overlaying, grays
and whites are imparted. For the darker

20
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
MUSIC
SURROS
BEETH WE
SONATA
Drawn by S. W. Van Schaick.
TOMMY (who had just received a severe scolding). "Am I really so bad, mamma?"
MAMMA. "Yes, Tommy, you are a very bad boy."
TOMMY (reflectively). "Well, anyway, mamma, I think you ought to be real darn glad I ain't twins!"
Vol. LXXIII., p. 486.
and stronger colors the tempered pressure or cloudy, the effects on the eyes of those
of the press may be required.
For the type a special one has been
chosen which is believed to be the best
fitted for perfect legibility. Type neither
too large nor too small has been selected,
carefully adapted for eyes which are no
longer young. Fonts of type may be
handsome, but their excellence does not
depend upon whim or taste, but on the
opinion of the oculist.
There are matters of judgment neces-
sary, in making up the pages, as to what
precise parts of them ought to contain.
The prints (illustrations) must be ready
for instant reference or examination in
juxtaposition with the text.
If "genius be the infinite capacity of
taking pains," this saying is perfectly ap-
plicable to a well-made page of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE.
The first necessity when any printed
matter is to be discussed must of course
be on the subject of paper. It must be
white and clear to be in full contrast with
the printer's ink. If the paper were dark
who read HARPER'S MAGAZINE would be
painful. If mechanical excellence, which
means beauty of production, with the el-
ement of rapidity in manufacture, is the
object sought for, the materials to be
worked up must be of the best. If the at-
tempt were made to run through the fine
printing-presses of to-day paper of an in-
ferior quality, the machines would at once
be clogged. To use a common expression,
"The excellence of the pudding is in the
eating thereof"; but there is a corollary
to this, which is, "If you don't put the
best things into your pudding, you never
will have a good pudding." The paper,
then, must be even, uniform, of the same
thickness, have strength and tenacity.
Paramount to all considerations is the
one of eyes, and this important subject
HARPER'S MAGAZINE has always remem-
bered. It must use the best paper that
can be manufactured, and has a paper
specially made for it.
When the purely illustrative or artistic
side of HARPER'S MAGAZINE is described,

Drawn by Howard Pyle.
THE SACKING OF PANAMA-BUCCANEERS AND MAROONERS OF THE SPANISH MAIN (Vol. LXXV., p. 367).
#pple
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.
22
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
a subject is presented of which the gen-
eral public knows comparatively little.
It is not alone the literary material which
makes the Magazine so conspicuously ex-
cellent, but combined with this is the pic-
torial part.
Back of the wood-engraver comes the
artist; but the wood-engraver, as it will
be presently shown, does not occupy the
same relative position to the artist as the
compositor does to the writer.
Illustrations for HARPER'S MAGAZINE
require an endless amount of thought,
time, and judgment. If the subject be a
romance, a story, to be adorned with en-
gravings, those incidents which are con-
sidered the most striking are suggested
to the artist. The sketches sometimes
only indicate the subjects, or at other
times in a finished condition are sent in
for approval. If accepted by the art de-
partment of HARPER'S MAGAZINE after
careful criticism, they are sent to the
wood-engravers.
For ordinary work it would be possible
for a publishing house to have regularly
in its employ its staff of engravers; but
for the very highest order of the engrav-
er's skill such conditions are not any
more possible than it would be to have a
corps of authors or artists.
Engravers, each having some special
excellence, prosecute their calling in va-
rious cities of the United States, in Lon-
don, in Paris, and for a certain order of
work HARPER'S MAGAZINE sometimes has
its block engraved out of the country.
If some of the subjects to be engraved
are made by means of photography, it
might be believed that the necessity for
an artist would not exist. What has to
be evaded in all artistic work is a tenden-
cy toward mechanical effect. In a fac-
simile—say, the photograph of a building
or a landscape-certain angularities have
to be corrected, and effects have to be
heightened or lowered, and to do this the
skill of a consummate artist becomes
necessary.
There are certain prints where absolute
faithfulness is a sine qua non, and in
HARPER'S MAGAZINE these objects are
engraved exactly as the camera or in-
stantaneous photography has made them.
Just as varied as is the purely literary
matter presented to HARPER'S MAGAZINE
for publication is the illustrative one. A
want having been created for engravings,
a picture mail comes to HARPER'S MAGA-
ZINE with the same regularity as does the
written one.
Months of assiduous toil are spent by
the engraver over a single block.
It is a
work which never can be hurried; that is,
if the engraver be a conscientious artist;
and to illustrate HARPER'S MAGAZINE a
wood-engraver must have distinguished
merit.
The public, looking at a print in HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE, appreciates its general
effect, and knows nothing of the many
days expended on its production.
From first to last, until it appears in
the Magazine, it is a subject requiring
months of constant solicitude.
The series of poems and plays, the clas-
sics of the English language, now in
course of republication in HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE, have been illustrated by artists
who to their skill as draughtsmen have
united a thorough acquaintance with the
manners, customs, and dresses of the
past, and these engravings, for their in-
herent excellence, have been cited, not
alone at home, but abroad, as showing the
rapid advance art has made in the United
States. The commendation these prints
have received is convincing that the best
work is thoroughly appreciated.
The advantages the American people
have derived from the high illustrative
quality of HARPER'S MAGAZINE should be
mentioned.
We have in this great country all the
mechanical and inventive skill. Some
day or other we will make the world our
market. To manufacture a good or a de-
sirable thing does not alone induce its sale.
Taste or the æsthetic conditions of the
object very sensibly affect its disposal.
A child whose ideas of form or design
have been derived from the prints it has
seen in HARPER'S MAGAZINE has already,
without knowing it, intuitively as it were,
acquired an early conception of what is
at least correct in art. His or her taste
becomes purified. What is crude or
coarse or vulgar is not accepted. If, then,
children have a natural taste for art, the
impression HARPER'S MAGAZINE makes
on them is as lasting as it is beneficial.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is old enough to
have shaped and formed public taste and
to have given it its best direction.
Education arises not alone from what
a child or a man reads, but from what
they see, and the lessons, though double,
supplement one another.
T

Drawn by A. B. Frost.
MOOSE-HUNTING BY JACK-LIGHT (Vol. LXXIV., p. 332).
AB TROST
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.

24
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
From a photograph.
Engraved by G. Kruell.
EDWARD PAYSON ROE (Vol. LXXIII., p. 283).
It has been before stated that HARPER'S
MAGAZINE, following its many require- own.
its many require-
ments, sends its writers and artists over
the world. The artist then on the spot,
whose head and hand have been thorough-
ly trained as to the selection and the
sketching of the subject, copies what he
deems is best fitted for the Magazine, and
from this original work those engravings
of travels found in its pages have been
supplied. HARPER'S MAGAZINE, in an il-
lustrative sense, is then a pictorial world.
If in literature men devote their talents
to special domains, so artists impress their
ability on subjects they have made their
own. It may be the special life work of
one artist to depict God's creatures, the
birds, the insects. He is most at home
in the thickets, amid the woods and for-
ests; the falling leaf, the thistle-down
blown by the wind, is a picture to him.
Another takes for theme martial episodes;
a third, scenes from social life; a fourth,
landscape; a fifth, marine views; or there
may be one who, like Du Maurier, has a
special talent for the highest grades of
caricature. All these various artists con-
tribute their particular designs to HAR-
L

Drawn by F. Dielman.
"THE MAN DREW A STEP OR TWO NEARER, AND LOOKED AT HER WONDERING."
Illustration to "Nature's Serial Story," by E. P. Roe (Vol. LXVII., p. 447).
Engraved by S. G. Putnam.
26
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
PER'S MAGAZINE. So that this great va-
riety of artistic material may be under-
stood, the following list presents but a
quota of the names of artists at home and
abroad whose sketches appear in HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE.
Among the American artists are A. B.
Frost, T. de Thulstrup, W. P. Snyder,
Mrs. Rosina Emmet Sherwood, Mrs. Jessie
Shepherd, Miss Alice Barber, Harry Fenn,
Alfred Fredericks, Gilbert Gaul, William
Hamilton Gibson, R. Swain Gifford, A.
Kappes, R. F. Zogbaum, W. T. Smedley,
C. D. Weldon, W. A. Rogers, Howard
Pyle, E. A. Abbey, Alfred Parsons, George
H. Boughton, C. S. Reinhart, and Elihu
Vedder. Among the many foreign art-
ists are L. Alma Tadema, Ernest Duez, P.
Kauffmann, L. O. Merson, Paul Merwart,
M. Raffaelli, M. Renouard, George Du
Maurier, H. M. Paget, Frederick Barnard,
Philip Calderon, A. C. Corbould, R. W.
Macbeth, and others. This list is by no
means complete, any more so than the
names of those who contribute literary
matter to the Magazine.
It may be a matter of surprise to many
that HARPER'S MAGAZINE should have a
very large European circulation, not con-
fined to England, Scotland, and Ireland,
but to all Continental countries. The
reasons for this wide reading of HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE are not difficult to de-
termine.
A good magazine, like a good book, has
no special race or class of readers. It is
universally appreciated. Curiosity, hun-
ger for information, are the things which
help man in his mental evolution, and
these traits are constant ones. Then, as
there always is to be found in each num-
ber of the Magazine one subject of a gen-
eral, not of a special, character, this is at
once read and studied by men of all coun-
tries. It may even be mentioned, without
any false pride, that topics having to do
with subjects of vast importance relating
to matters foreign to the United States are
so pregnant with facts, so fully illustrated,
as to furnish a German, a Frenchman, an
Italian, a Spaniard, a Greek, with materi-
al not obtainable in their own publica-
tions. For papers of this particular char-
acter HARPER'S MAGAZINE goes to the
fountain source, and leading minds, dis-
tinguished for their knowledge of sub-
jects peculiar to their own countries, fur-
nish these articles.
There is another element that enters
+
here too, and accounts for the great for-
eign demand. To read and understand
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is to become famil-
iar with the commerce of the world and
the relationships of trade existing between
all nations. In treating of these impor-
tant subjects, HARPER'S MAGAZINE is both
special and general. It not only gives.
the details, but all the important changes
which influence commerce.
The mer-
chant, the man of business, not in the
United States alone, but everywhere,
forms by the study of HARPER'S MAGA-
ZINE the best idea of what are the de-
mands, the wants, of the world.
It may now be worth while to be retro-
spective once more, and to reproduce the
first words of greeting addressed to an
American public in 1850:
"It will be the aim of the publishers
to present in a style of typography un-
surpassed by any similar publication in
the world everything of general interest
and usefulness....They will seek to com-
bine entertainment with instruction, and
to enforce, through channels which at-
tract rather than repel attention and fa-
vor, the best, the most important, lessons
of morality and of practical life.
will spare neither labor nor expense in
any department of work, freely lavishing.
both upon the editorial aid, the pictorial
embellishments, the typography, and the
general literary resources by which they
hope to give the Magazine a popular cir-
culation unequalled by that of any simi-
lar periodical ever published in the world.
They
“The Magazine is not intended exclu-
sively for any class of readers or any kind
of reading, and they intend to publish it
at so low a rate as to give it a value much
beyond its price, so that it shall make its
way into the hands of the family circle
of every intelligent citizen of the United
States.'
""
Starting with these ideas, having tried
conscientiously to carry them out, mar-
vellous has been the success of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE. With its constantly increas-
ing circle of readers, the fullest opportu-
nities have been allowed the publishers.
to avail themselves of the advantage
judicious outlays of money could give,
so that from all legitimate sources the
excellence of the Magazine might be as-
sured.
Still the whole story of HARPER'S MAG-
AZINE has not been told. It is a subject
so vast, so wide in its compass, that with-

Drawn by W. Hamilton Gibson.
A RELIC OF THE DEPARTED SOUTH (Vol. LXXV., p. 241).
Engraved by A. M. Lindsay.

28
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Drawn by W. P. Snyder.
Engraved by J. Tinkey.
ENGRAVER AT WORK (Vol. LXXV., p. 183).
in the space of this article but a hurried
view of it is obtainable.
The principles which underlie the ex-
cellence of HARPER'S MAGAZINE make it
possible to enter the special plea that it is
indispensable to every intelligent person.
The question then arises, What are these
principles? Why can the advocate for
the Magazine button-hole any member of
the reading public and prove that it has
a direct personal interest for him? Is it
because it does not appeal to the preju-
dices of any particular class? Every one
by birth, by education, by temperament,
or by well-founded opinion belongs to
some class of society, and would there-
fore be repelled rather than attracted by a
Magazine which professed no preference
for his own above another. Is it because
HARPER'S MAGAZINE seeks to satisfy all
classes without distinction? This kalei-
doscopic quality might awaken the suspi-

JO DAVIDSON
Drawn by J. O. Davidson.
U. S. SLOOP OF WAR "ATLANTA" (Vol. LXXIII., p. 19).
Engraved by F. S. King.
30
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
cion in the breast of a member of the
reading public that possibly he would be
the very one to whom the revolving Mag-
azine year would bring no article of pe-
culiar interest. An encyclopædia covers
a long series of the most varied subjects;
but every intelligent person does not feel
the necessity of possessing an encyclopæ-
dia. Is it because HARPER'S MAGAZINE
is not partisan, or sectarian, or sensation-
al, or the mouth-piece of any school of
thought, or an organ to inculcate the the-
ory or preach the self-conceived mission
of any body of thinkers? These are neg-
ative qualities. They distinguish the
Magazine from many other publications,
but they fail to reveal what the Magazine
itself is.
Every intelligent person recognizes that
a newspaper is indispensable to him.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE partakes of the na-
ture of a newspaper. If the department
of editorial comment in our daily jour-
nals be for the moment ignored, and their
character as purveyors of current news
alone considered, HARPER'S MAGAZINE is
journalistic. It supplements the newspa-
pers; not in the sense of being subsidiary
to them, but of working along the same
lines with different aims and equipment.
The daily gives the skeleton of an occur-
rence; the Magazine, its flesh and blood.
The daily gives the incident, the Magazine
the movement. For example, the news-
papers announced that on the 25th of
October, 1886, the Duc d'Aumale, an exile
from his country, presented to the Insti-
tute of France the domain of Chantilly,
comprising over 22,000 acres, the châteaux
of Chantilly, Enghien, Saint-Firmin, and
La Reine Blanche, and the Condé sta-
bles, the whole valued at about 46,000,000
francs. Here were the facts, the outline
which it was the peculiar province of
a magazine to fill out. Those familiar
with HARPER'S MAGAZINE were not sur-
prised, therefore, to find in its pages a
paper upon “Chantilly-the Château and
the Collections," describing the historical
and artistic features of the Duc d'Au-
male's royal gift. Such an article by
so competent a writer upon art subjects
as Theodore Child has always an inter-
est of its own, but it would not be ac-
cepted by the editor for this reason alone.
The Duc d'Aumale's disposal of Chantilly,
however, placed the article in a different
light; and it was primarily the added
news value, and not its intrinsic excel-
lence, which constituted the claim of the
article to a place in the Magazine. Again,
the public has an unfailing appetite for
biography. Names are constantly crop-
ping up in the newspaper. Their bearers
are perhaps unknown to the reader, except
in so far as they are part of the occurrences
in connection with which their names
appear. They are prominent in different
spheres of activity, in commerce, politics,
and religion, in art, science, and litera-
ture. In one sense they are very proper-
ly called "public men," because people
wish to know about them. Accordingly
there appear from time to time in HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE such articles as "The Ital-
ian Chamber of Deputies," by J. S. Far-
rer, describing the political leaders in that
body; or the two papers by R. R. Bowker
upon London as a Literary Centre;'
with their fund of information in regard
to the writers who make the English cap-
ital their head-quarters. These stray ex-
amples make clear the relation borne by
HARPER'S MAGAZINE to the daily journals
as purveyors of current news. Newspa-
pers skim the surface; the Magazine reach-
es beneath; but both move with the great
stream of events, and one is as indispensa-
ble as the other.
What relation does HARPER'S MAGAZINE
bear to newspapers, considered from the
stand-point of their editorial pages? How
does it deal with "questions of the day"?
A dominant subject for editorial comment
during the current year has been the tar-
iff; but upon subjects of this nature HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE professes to have no edi-
torial opinion.
torial opinion. How, then, can it treat
of them, unless it exposes itself to being
charged with partisanship, or with a de-
sire to lead public thought in a certain di-
rection? Turning to the January and
February numbers for 1888, we find one
article entitled "The Tariff-For Revenue
Only," by Henry Watterson, and another
entitled "The Tariff-Not 'For Revenue
Only,' but also for Protection and De-
velopment," by Senator Edmunds. Both
sides of the question were presented, and
as far as it lay within the power of the
Magazine, with equal force. The two
writers were leading advocates of the pol-
icies they upheld.
icies they upheld. Their articles, taken
together, furnished material from which
any intelligent person could form an
opinion founded upon the merits of the
question, and free from partisan bias.
This example is one of many which show

1
From the painting by Dr. J. M. Heinrich Hofmann, of Dresden.
THE BOY JESUS IN THE TEMPLE (Vol. LXX., p. 2).
Engraved by W. B. Closson.

32
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
From a photograph.
GH THE ORASCENT OF A HOUSE IS
GHE FRICRDS
WHO
BREOVENT ICH
Engraved by G. E. Johnson.
MARK TWAIN'S LIBRARY (Vol. LXXI., p. 725).
that HARPER'S MAGAZINE is journalistic in
that it ignores no important topic of cur-
rent debate. Its manner of dealing with
such subjects is in the nature of a review.
If a simile may be borrowed from the
trial of a case in court, the newspaper edi-
torial is like the argument of the lawyer,
and the treatment of the same subject by
the Magazine like the judge's charge to
the jury.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, then, is not made
up according to the caprice of the editor,
but according to a well-defined law-a
law not laid down by the makers of the

The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
Magazine, but naturally laid down for
them. Simply stated, the law is that the
Magazine must lie along the great lines
of current thought. It must draw peo-
ple out, treat of what they are thinking
about. It is not within the scope of this
pamphlet to enter into a philosophical in-
quiry as to why the thoughts of a com-
munity, and for that matter, of the world,
33
just as in the individual mind, flow in
certain definite directions, and as to why
the direction of an old current of thought
changes, or a wholly new current from
time to time takes the place of an old.
Attention is merely called to the facts,
which HARPER'S MAGAZINE recognizes. In
the selection of its subjects for treatment
the Magazine perceives the mental condi-
5
WP Endes
Drawn by W. P. Snyder.
3
Engraved by L. Faber.
FOOTING UP ELECTION RETURNS (Vol. LXXIV., p. 509).

34
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
H. RIDER HAGGARD (Vol. LXXVII., p. 10).
tion of the world, and makes sympathetic
obedience to it a law. It is not chance,
therefore, which brings articles of interest
with every month of the Magazine. For
every intelligent person who is not an in-
tellectual hermit is in touch with the lead-
ing lines of thought in the public mind,
and, unconscious perhaps of the cause, is
keenly alive to whatever bears upon them.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is therefore indis-
pensable to him. For it is not the crea-
ture of its editor or its publishers. It is
an institution; and because new topics are
constantly demanding treatment, it very
properly has one characteristic in common
with a corporation-it never dies.
It will not be amiss to illustrate the
application of the "law" of the Magazine
by examples taken from the numbers for
the year 1888. This period is chosen, be-
cause in this case it is wiser to judge of
the promise of the future by the imme-
diate past.
In the course of that year the follow-
ing articles appeared: "Japanese Ivory
Carvings," by William Elliot Griffis;
"Sandro Botticelli," "Limoges and its
Industries," and "Modern French Sculp-
ture," by Theodore Child; "Old Satsu-
ma," by Professor Edward
Sylvester Morse; "The New
Gallery of Tapestries at Flor-
ence," unsigned; "Félix Bu-
hot, Painter and Etcher," by
Philippe Burty; and "
Mod-
ern Spanish Art," by Edward
Bowen Prescott. It cannot
be held that Japanese ivory
carvings, or old Satsuma, or
Sandro Botticelli have been
dominant in the thoughts of
the American people. How,
then, have the articles upon
these subjects found a place
in HARPER'S MAGAZINE in
obedience to its professed
"law"? So far from being
violations of the law, they
are some of the happiest ex-
amples of its fulfilment. In
this case the line along which
ideas have been travelling is
art. It would be an unob-
serving mind which did not
perceive some of the count-
less ways in which this phase
of thought reveals itself. The
recent founding of art muse-
ums in several Western cities
Now the
is one manifestation of it.
"law" of the
"law" of the Magazine would not be
satisfied if one or two articles upon the
general subject of artistic growth in
People are
America were published.
thinking, not of their interest and ad-
vancement in art, but of what excites that
interest and contributes to that advance-
ment. The general tendency of activity
in the public mind being given, the de-
mand is that articles in line with that ten-
dency be placed in the Magazine. Jap-
anese ivory carvings, old Satsuma, and
Sandro Botticelli are therefore welcome
subjects to the reading world.
In glancing further over the work of
HARPER'S MAGAZINE, we find a number of
articles which naturally group themselves
under one head: "The City of Savannah,"
by I. W. Avery; "The City of Columbus,"
by Deshler Welch; "The City of Denver"
and "Two Montana Cities" (Butte and
Helena), by Edwards Roberts; "The Great
American Desert," by Frank H. Spear-
man; "The Central State" (Kansas), by
Robert Hay; "The Other End of the Hem-
isphere" (Argentine Republic), by William
Eleroy Curtis; "Hyderabad and Golcon-
da," by the Rev. John F. Hurst; "Quebec,"

Drawn by T. de Thulstrup.
"FOLLOW ME, CHILDREN OF NALA!"
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.
Illustration to "Maiwa's Revenge," by H. Rider Haggard (Vol. LXXVII., p. 354).
36
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
by C. H. Farnham: and a series of papers
entitled "Studies of the Great West," by
Charles Dudley Warner, treating in turn
of the Northwest, Minnesota and Wiscon-
sin, and the several cities, Chicago, Cin-
cinnati, Louisville, Memphis, Little Rock,
St. Louis, and Kansas City.
66
66
66
We find also another group of articles
related to the former by the nature of
their subjects, but somewhat different from
them in treatment. Notable examples
are two papers entitled "A Little Swiss
Sojourn," by W. D. Howells; three papers
entitled A Midsummer Trip to the West
Indies," by Lafcadio Hearn ; A Chiswick
Ramble," by Moncure D. Conway; "Our
Journey to the Hebrides," by Elizabeth
Robins Pennell; A Santa Barbara Holi-
day," by Edwards Roberts; Ramblings
in the West," by General Randolph B.
Marcy; and "Sketches in Capri," by Mary
E. Vandyne. The general character of
each of these articles is indicated by its
title. How can they be said in any sense
to be related to a great current of thought?
There are many intelligent people who
do not hold their minds aloof from pre-
sent movements of thought, and yet who
find no points of attraction in the subjects
above mentioned. What, then, is the rea-
son for the publication of these articles,
if the "law" of the Magazine is strictly
observed ?
A distinguishing mark of the provincial
mind is a dull satisfaction with immediate
surroundings. They fill out the mental
circumference. To-day prevails a ten-
dency to break the bonds of provincialism.
It is the spirit of the fifteenth century, the
spirit of discovery, now, not of new worlds
for mankind, but of new worlds for each
individual mind. Those who are uncon-
scious of this spirit simply fail to perceive
their own intellectual wants. They do
not appreciate the value of this travel by
reading. It is not, for example, familiarity
with the city of Denver which should con-
stitute the motive for looking into the
article upon it; it is the larger considera-
tion that every increase in the circle of
one's knowledge brings the mind by this
amount nearer to outlying circles of
thought. Acquaintance with social con-
ditions in Denver links itself with the
general subject of sociology. The city's
style of architecture will throw light on
the spread of the artistic instinct in this
country; economic questions will be an-
swered by its state of trade. Instances
of this kind might be multiplied indefi-
nitely.
Granted, then, the value of the article
upon the "City of Denver," it will still be
asked why it is an appropriate subject of
which to treat in HARPER'S MAGAZINE,
and the answer will be that, as in the
case with the paper upon Chantilly," it
has a news value. The daily journal may
be described as giving, however imper-
fectly, the state of the world on the date
of its publication. One who follows these
articles of travel and observation in the
Magazine views the state of the world
through a more powerful glass, more
intimately, more perfectly. Here again.
the supplemental relation of HARPER'S
MAGAZINE to the newspaper is to be ob-
served. For the better every portion of
the globe and the conditions of life in it
are known, the more intelligible will be-
come the current events there as recorded
in the daily journal.
To use a phrase of common acceptance,
the articles which have been considered
up to this point may be classed as the
heavy or serious, and the fiction, to which
we now turn, as the light or volatile, mat-
ter of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
To adopt
this classification as satisfactory would be
to confess that the introduction of fiction
was a departure from the "law" of the
Magazine, a certain latitude which the
editor allowed himself with the prime ob-
ject of attracting readers. Can light lit-
erature have anything in common with
great currents of thought?
one
When the angle is
This classification, however, is
made upon the basis of surface marks.
Whatever truth there is in it lies more in
the character of most minds than in that-
of the articles. In assimilating an arti-
cle a reader must always bend his facul-
ties, curve them in the given direction.
The weight of the literature under consid-
eration may then be measured by the an-
gle of curvature.
small, little resistance is offered to assim-
ilation by the reader's mind, and the arti-
cle is termed light, or amusing, or easy
of comprehension. When the angle is
large, it is an evidence that greater resist-
ance is offered, and the article is called
heavy reading. Therefore it is not ex-
travagant to say that in this sense some
would find the articles upon the tariff
light, and the short stories difficult, read-
ing.
The person who finds the fiction in

YOU LAULU
Drawn by George Du Maurier.
NEMESIS.
MISS CONSTANTIA (to old adorer, who has married for money). "And these are your children, Ronald? Oh!.... how like their mother P

Engraved by Frank French.
Drawn by F. Barnard.
"WHAT THEY MAY DO AT LITTLE HAMPTON IS BEYOND MY KNOWLEDGE.
Illustration to "Springhaven," by R. D. Blackmore (Vol. LXXIII., p. 2).
23
The Making of HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE heavy is nearer an
appreciation of its true value than the
one who finds it merely light and amus-
ing. It may perform the office of relax-
ation to the mind; but the "law" of the
Magazine requires its presence, not for this
reason, but because it is in line with great
and permanent currents of thought. It
deals with humanity. The ordinary defi-
nitions of the novel, that it is the portray-
al of life, the study of character, the his-
tory of souls, all bear witness to the
weighty and universal interests involved
in fiction, and which in a certain sense
can be dealt with in no other way.
It must not be understood that only
the fiction which puts emphasis upon
moral questions with the weight of a
treatise upon ethics finds a place in HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE. No periodical recog-
nizes more clearly that fiction is an art,
and it judges works of fiction primarily
as works of art. Again, it must not be
understood that a preference is necessari-
ly given to fiction which, though artistic,
is popularly termed heavy. A story may
be amusing, exciting, absorbing-in fact,
deserve any word in the category of a
reader's adjectives of admiration-and yet
be sympathetic in spirit with the higher
currents of thought. Only the leading
novelists, and leading for this very rea-
son, can rise to this standard. For they
alone possess the largest sympathy with
humanity. Therefore HARPER'S MAGA-
39
ZINE, true to its law." must present
works of the great living novelists and
short-story writers. During the past year
it has published the serials "Annie Kil-
burn," by W. D. Howells, and "In Far
Lochaber," by William Black; and such
novelettes as "Annie Laurie," by Eliz-
abeth Stuart Phelps; "His Day in
Court, by Charles Egbert Craddock;
"Inja," "Virginia of Virginia," and
The Story of Arnon," by Amélie Rives;
'Louisa Pallant" and "Two Countries,
Mère Pochette," by
by Henry James;
Sarah Orne Jewett; "Ananias," by Joel
Chandler Harris ; Maiwa's Revenge,"
by H. Rider Haggard; "Neptune's Shore,"
by Constance Fenimore Woolson; and
Chita: a Memory of Last Island," by
Lafcadio Hearn.
19
It would be possible to show how every
article published during the year 1888,
how every poem even, has been chosen
for HARPER'S MAGAZINE according to fix-
ed principles. It is perhaps misleading
to use so rigid a word as "principles" in
this case. For the "principles" of the
Magazine are simply the close observa-
tion of the public demands, and complete
subordination to them. The people real-
ly select the contents of each number.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE at once leads and is
led; it does not ask what should be, but
what are, the leading currents of thought.
By faithfully following them it inevitably
has become the Magazine of the people.


CHURCH
From the painting by F. S. Church.
A FAIRY TALE ("A CHILD SHALL LEAD THEM").
Vol. LXXV., p. 812.
Engraved by F. S. King.
H
ARPER'S MAGAZINE IN RECENT YEARS: A
PARTIAL ANALYSIS OF ITS CONTENTS,
SHOWING THE EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF ITS
CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FIELDS OF ART, POETRY,
FICTION, SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, RELIGION, BIOG-
RAPHY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, SOCIOLOGY, EDU-
CATION, TRAVEL, ADVENTURE, INDUSTRY, COM-
MERCE, AND CRITICISM. — SELECTED, WITH A FEW
EXCEPTIONS, FROM NUMBERS
YEARS, AND ARRANGED IN
SPECIMEN ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR THE
THE PAST SEVEN
TABULATED FORM, WITH


HARPER'S MAGAZINE.
A PARTIAL ANALYSIS OF ITS CONTENTS.
SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY.
THE CENTRAL ENGINE OF THE)
}
SOLAR SYSTEM.
Richard A. Proctor. September, 1886.
THE ORIGIN OF CELESTIAL SPECIES. . . J. Norman Lockyer. March, 1889.
SATURN'S RINGS
•
George Howard Darwin.
HOW EARTHQUAKES ARE CAUSED .
Richard A. Proctor.
June, 1889.
June, 1885.
THE BRAIN OF MAN, ITS ARCHITECT-
URE AND REQUIREMENTS.
CT-}
A. L. Ranney. March, 1885.
HYPNOTIC MORALIZATION.
William Wilberforce Newton. August, 1887.
THE PROBLEMS OF "PSYCHIC RESEARCH" Joseph Jastrow. June, 1889.
•
APPLIED SCIENCE.
THE LICK OBSERVATORY OF CALI-)
CALI-}
FORNIA.
MODERN SANITARY ENGINEERING
THE RESERVOIR SYSTEM (To improve navi-}
gation on the Mississippi).
THE DRAINAGE OF THE EVER-)
GLADES (Florida).
AGRICULTURE AS A PROFESSION
THE FAMILY PHYSICIAN.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN CITIES.
THE HOME ACRE .
THE CURATIVE USES OF WATER
Simon Newcomb. February, 1885.
W. P. Trowbridge. April, 1884.
J. G. Pyle. September, 1884.
Will Wallace Harney. March, 1884.
•
James K. Reeve. May, 1889.
Andrew H. Smith. April, 1889.
J. S. Billings. September, 1885.
E. P. Roe. March-October, 1886.
Titus Munson Coan. October, 1887.

From a photograph.
Engraved by G. Kruell.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (Vol. LXX., p. 662).
BIOGRAPHY.
Lord Salisbury.
"Hatfield House and the Marquis of Sal-
isbury," by H. W. Lucy, February, 1885.
R. W. Emerson.
"Glimpses of Emerson," by Annie Fields,
February, 1884.
Lord Tennyson.
"Alfred Tennyson," by Anne Thackeray
Ritchie, December, 1883.
Dr. Schliemann.
"Dr. Schliemann: His Life and Work,"
by J. P. Mahaffy, May, 1884.
General Grant.
"Reminiscences of General Grant," by
Horace Porter, September, 1885.
Henry Irving.
"Henry Irving at Home," by Joseph Hat-
ton, February, 1882.
Charles Darwin.
"A Reminiscence of Mr. Darwin," by
James D. Hague, October, 1884.
J. G. Whittier.
"The Quaker Poet," by Harriet Prescott
Spofford, January, 1884.
Prince Bismarck.
"Prince Bismarck in Private Life," by
Moritz Busch, July, 1884.
Joseph Jefferson.
Sketch of Joseph Jefferson," by William
Winter, August, 1886.
Prince of Wales.
"The Prince of Wales at Sandringham,"
by W. H. Russell, April, 1885.
Abraham Lincoln.
"Abraham Lincoln at Cincinnati," by W.
M. Dickson, June, 1884.
Empress Eugénie.
"The Empress Eugénie, and the Court of
the Tuileries," March, 1888.
Charles Reade.
"Charles Reade: A Personal Reminis-
cence," by R. Buchanan, September, 1884.
Edgar A. Poe.
"Poe's Mary," by Augustus Van Cleef,
March, 1889.
W. E. Gladstone.
“Mr. Gladstone at Hawarden," by H. W.
Lucy, April, 1882.
Anthony Trollope.
"Anthony Trollope," by Walter Herries
Pollock, May, 1883.
Will Carleton.
"Will Carleton," by J. T. Trowbridge,
March, 1884.
Wilhelm I.
'Kaiser Wilhelm," by Moritz Busch,
May, 1884.
William Black.
"William Black at Home," by Joseph
Hatton, December, 1882.
COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY.
Linen Industry.
See "Manufacturing Industry in Ireland,"
by Mr. Commissioner MacCarthy, Dublin,
January, 1889.
Manufacture of Ter-
ra-Cotta.
"The Possibilities of a Revived Indus-
try," by A. F. Oakey, February, 1884.
Railways.
"Transcontinental Railways," by Francis
E. Prendergast, November, 1883; “English
and American Railways," August, 1885,
and "The Route of the Wild Irishman,"
by William H. Rideing, June, 1887.
Krupp Guns.
"An Iron City Beside the Ruhr," by Mon-
cure D. Conway, March, 1886.
Ranching.
"Beef: From the Range to the Sham-
bles," by G. Pomeroy Keese, July, 1884;
and "Cattle-Raising on the Plains," by
Frank Wilkeson, April, 1886.
Paper Manufacture.
Agriculture.
"Agriculture as a Profession," by James
K. Reeve, May, 1889; and "The Ameri-
can Dairy and its Possibilities," by Conrad
Wilson, January, 1883.
The Bank of England.
"Bank of England," by William H. Ride-
ing, May, 1884.
Shoe-Making.
"A Pair of Shoes," by Howard Mudge
Newhall, January, 1885.
Breweries.
"A Glass of Beer," by G. Pomeroy Keese,
October, 1885.
Oil Refineries.
"A Lampful of Oil," by George R. Gibson,
January, 1886.
Sugar Industry.
"A Lump of Sugar," by R. R. Bowker,
June, 1886; and "A Louisiana Sugar Plan-
tation of the Old Régime," by Charles
Gayarré, March, 1887.
“A Sheet of Paper,” by R. R. Bowker, Silk Manufacture.
June, 1887.
Glass-Making.
"A Piece of Glass," July, 1889.
The New York Ex-
changes.
"The New York Stock Exchange," No-
vember, 1885; The New York Produce
Exchange," July, 1886; "The New York
Real Estate Exchange," November, 1888,
by R. Wheatley.
"A Silk Dress," by R. R. Bowker, July,
1885.
Book Publishing.
"A Printed Book," by R. R. Bowker, July,
1887.
Stock-Farming.
"Jersey Cattle in America," by Hark Com-
stock, May, 1885; "Short - Horn Cattle,"
by Lewis F. Allen, September, 1886; and
"Holstein-Friesian Cattle," by S. Hoxie,
August, 1888.

Drawn by W. P. Snyder.
Engraved by R. Varley.
PRINTING-IN THE PRESS-ROOM (Vol. LXXV., p. 173).
Art and Artists.
OUR ARTISTS IN EUROPE .
Henry James. June, 1889.
A NOTE ON IMPRESSIONIST PAINTING . . Theodore Child. January, 1887.
JOHN S. SARGENT
Henry James.
October, 1887.
F. S. CHURCH
WILLIAM M. CHASE, PAINTER
THE WATTS EXHIBITION
A COLLECTION OF CHINESE PORCELAINS .
SANDRO BOTTICELLI
LÉON BONVIN
FERDINAND BARBEDIENNE.
. G. W. Sheldon. December, 1888.
Kenyon Cox. March, 1889.
F. D. Millet. June, 1885.
R. Riordan. April, 1885.
Theodore Child. August, 1888.
Philippe Burty.
December, 1885.
Theodore Child. September, 1886.
FÉLIX BUHOT, PAINTER AND ETCHER. Philippe Burty.
February, 1888.
RUSSIAN BRONZES.
Clarence Cook.
January, 1889.
ANTOINE LOUIS BARYE
Theodore Child.
•
September, 1885.
RECENT GERMAN ART.
MODERN SPANISH ART.
MODERN FRENCH SCULPTURE.
THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
Charles W. Jenkins. December, 1884.
Edward Bowen Prescott. March, 1888.
Theodore Child. January, 1888.
Colonel F. Grant. May, 1889.
AMERICAN ART AT THE PARIS
EXHIBITION.
}
Theodore Child. September, 1889.
January, 1889.
MODERN AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHY.
FIFTY YEARS OF PHOTOGRAPHY.
ADRIAAN VAN DE VELDE
MEXICAN LUSTRED POTTERY
•
ON THE REVIVAL OF MEZZOTINT
AS A PAINTER'S ART.
RAVENNA AND ITS MOSAICS . .
JACOB RUYSDAEL .
LIMOGES AND ITS INDUSTRIES
}
.
F. C. Beach.
J. Wells Champney.
.
August, 1889.
. E. Mason. July, 1889.
Y. H. Addis. August, 1889.
Seymour Haden. January, 1885.
Sidney Lawrence. August, 1887.
E. Mason. February, 1884.
Theodore Child. October, 1888.
A MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF PARIS. Theodore Child. November, 1888.
THE HÔTEL CARNAVALET.
OLD SATSUMA
Edward Sylvester Morse. September, 1888.
THE NEW GALLERY OF TAPESTRIES}
AT FLORENCE.
JAPANESE IVORY CARVINGS
September, 1888.
William Elliot Griffis. April, 1888.

PART OF MURILLO'S "IMMACULATE CONCEPTION" IN THE SALON CARRÉ OF THE LOUVRE (Vol. LXVIII., p. 658).
Engraved by W. B. Closson.
EVERY QUARTER OF
OF THE GLOBE.
Boston,
Buffalo,
Chicago,
Cincinnati,
Cleveland,
Columbus,
Denver,
Indianapolis,
Kansas City,
Leadville,
Little Rock,
Louisville,
Minneapolis,
New Orleans,
New York,
Pittsburg,
Springfield,
St. Louis,
St. Paul,
etc.
THE UNITED STATES.
STUDIES OF THE GREAT WEST. Series by
Charles Dudley Warner. 1888.
INDIVIDUAL WESTERN STATES. Series of Pa-
pers by different writers. 1889.
INDIVIDUAL CITIES. By different writers, from time
to time.
THE GREAT AMERICAN DESERT. Frank H.
Spearman. July, 1888.
ESPAÑOLA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Birge Harrison.
May, 1885.
THE GATEWAY OF THE SIERRA MADRE.
Frank R. Brown. October, 1884.
THE BLUE-GRASS REGION OF KENTUCKY.
James Lane Allen. February, 1886.
ALONG THE RIO GRANDE.
April, 1885.
Sylvester Baxter.
THROUGH CUMBERLAND GAP ON HORSE
BACK. James Lane Allen. June, 1886.
THE SOUTH REVISITED. Charles Dudley Warner.
March, 1887.
THE SOUTHERN GATEWAY OF THE ALLE-
Edmund Kirke. April, 1887.
GHANIES.
THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE INTERNA-
TIONAL PARK. Jane Meade Welch. August, 1887.
A SANTA BARBARA HOLIDAY. Edwards Roberts.
November, 1887.
HERE AND THERE IN THE SOUTH. Series by
Rebecca Harding Davis. July-November, 1887.
THE CRUISE OF THE "WALLOWY" (West Coast
of Florida). Barnet Phillips. January, 1885.
THE NORTH SHORE (Lake Superior, etc.). John A.
Butler. June, 1884.
THEIR PILGRIMAGE. Serial by Charles Dudley
Warner. April - November, 1886.
APPROACHES TO NEW YORK. Alexander Wain-
wright. July, 1884.
THE GATEWAY OF BOSTON. William H. Ride-
ing. August, 1884.

WHEAT FIELDS OF THE COLUMBIA.
Ingersoll. September, 1884.
Ernest

Drawn by Charles Graham.
Engraved by A. M. Lindsay.
THE THREE TETONS-PEAKS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS NEAR SNAKE RIVER, IDAHO.
Vol. LXXIV., p. 877.
EVERY QUARTER OF THE GLOBE.
Argentine
Republic,
Canada,
Chili,
THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
COMMENTS ON CANADA. Charles Dudley Warner.
March, 1889.
QUEBEC and MONTREAL. C. H. Farnham.
ruary, 1888, and June, 1889.
Feb-
LABRADOR. Two papers. C. H. Farnham. Septem-
ber and October, 1885.
MEXICAN NOTES.
Five papers.
Charles Dudley
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Mexico,
Uruguay,
West Indies,
Yucatan.
Warner. April-August, 1887.
A MIDSUMMER TRIP TO THE WEST INDIES.
Series. Lafcadio Hearn. July-September, 1888.
THE NEW AND OLD IN YUCATAN. Alice D. Le
Plongeon. February, 1885.
SANTA FE DE BOGOTA. Lieutenant H. R. Lemly.
June, 1885.
THE SOUTH AMERICAN YANKEE. William
Eleroy Curtis. September, 1887.
THE SMALLEST OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS.
William Eleroy Curtis. October, 1887.
THE OTHER END OF THE HEMISPHERE. Will-
iam Eleroy Curtis. November, 1887.
GUATEMALA (the Country and its Capital). P.
Frenzeny. November, 1885.
THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE.
Abyssinia,
Afghanistan,
Algeria,
Austria,
Cape Colony,
Denmark,
Egypt,
England,
NEW VIENNA. Curt von Zelau. March, 1889.
SHEFFIELD William H. Rideing. June, 1884.
THE UPPER THAMES. Joseph Hatton. February,
1884.
A FEW DAYS' MORE DRIVING. William Black.
December, 1884.
A RUN ASHORE AT QUEENSTOWN. William
H. Rideing. September, 1884.
A GOSSIP ABOUT THE WEST HIGHLANDS.
William Black. December, 1883.
A WILD-GOOSE CHASE. Two papers. F. D. Millet.
April and May, 1885.
BIARRITZ. Lucy C. Lillie. June, 1884.
TROUVILLE. Mary Gay Humphreys. September, 1884.
A LOVERS' PILGRIMAGE.
Bianciardi. April, 1884.
(Verona.) E. D. R.

L.PARSONS
1890
Drawn by C. Parsons.
THE OLD TOWN AND RAMPARTS, QUEBEC (Vol. LXXVI., p. 369).
Engraved by F. S. King.
EVERY QUARTER OF THE GLOBE.
India,
Ireland,
Italy,
Morocco,
Nepaul,
Norway,
Persia,
Portugal,
Russia,
Scotland,
Siberia,
Soudan,
France,
Germany,
Guinea,
Holland,
AT MENTONE. Two papers.
Constance Fenimore
Woolson. January and February, 1884.
ARTIST STROLLS IN HOLLAND. Series. George
H. Boughton. August-October, 1884.
A LITTLE SWISS SOJOURN. Two papers. W. D.
Howells. February and March, 1888.
NORWAY AND ITS PEOPLE. Series. Björnstjerne
Björnson. February-April, 1889.
THE ANCIENT CITY OF WISBY. W. W. Thomas,
Jr. January, 1889.
SOCIAL LIFE IN RUSSIA. Two papers. The Vicomte
Eugène Melchior de Vogüé. June and July, 1889.
A RUSSIAN VILLAGE: An Artist's Sketch. Vassili
Verestchagin. February, 1889.
THROUGH THE CAUCASUS. Two papers. Ralph
Meeker. April and May, 1887.
THE NATIVES OF SIBERIA. Henry Lansdell, D.D.,
M.R.A.S., F.R.G.S. August, 1887.
DOMESTIC AND COURT CUSTOMS OF PERSIA.
S. G. W. Benjamin. January, 1886.
SPANISH VISTAS. Series. Geo. P. Lathrop. April
and May, and July-September, 1882.
BOATS ON THE TAGUS. Tristram Ellis. Novem-
ber, 1888.
A WINTER IN ALGIERS. Two papers. F. A.
Bridgman. April and May, 1888.
TANGIER AND MOROCCO: Leaves from a Painter's
Note-Book. Benjamin Constant. April, 1889.
IMPRESSIONS IN BURNOOSE AND SADDLE.
Edward P. Sanguinetti. June, 1888.
THE MOHAMMEDANS IN INDIA. F. Marion Craw-
ford. July, 1885.
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Tunis,
Turkey,
Turkestan.
HYDERABAD AND GOLCONDA. The Rev. John F.
Hurst, D.D. February, 1888.
WITH THE AFGHAN BOUNDARY COMMISSION.
William Simpson. March, 1886.
NEPAUL, THE LAND OF THE GOORKHAS. Hen-
ry Ballantine. February, 1889.
AFRICA'S AWAKENING (a Summary). David Ker.
March, 1886.
KAIRWAN (the African Mecca). A. F. Jacassy. May,
1884.
A CENTRAL SOUDAN TOWN. Joseph Thomson.
July, 1887.

Drawn by G. H. Boughton.
Engraved by Frank French.
ON THE DIKES, HOLLAND-A STORM RISING (Vol. LXIX., p. 529).
Education.
THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND
EDUCATION. Charles F. Thwing. Feb-
ruary, 1884.
EDUCATION AS A FACTOR IN
PRISON REFORM. Charles Dudley
Warner. February, 1886.
THE TRAINING OF CHILDREN'S
VOICES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Emilie Christina Curtis. February, 1889.
THE SOUTH AND THE SCHOOL
PROBLEM. Atticus G. Haygood. July,
1889.
The Labor Problem.
WORKING - MEN'S HOMES. R. R. HOW WORKING-MEN LIVE IN EU-
Bowker. April, 1884.
PULLMAN: A SOCIAL STUDY. Pro-
fessor Richard T. Ely. February, 1885.
THE
FAMILISTÈRE AT GUISE,
FRANCE. Edward Howland. Novem-
ber, 1885. The first notice of M. Godin's
“Social Palace" appeared in April, 1872.
SOCIAL
ROPE AND AMERICA. Lee Meri-
wether. April, 1887.
SOCIALISM IN LONDON. J. H. Rosny.
February, 1888.
COÖPERATION AMONG
WORKING-MEN.
November, 1886.
Political Factors.
DEMOCRATS IN
REICHSTAG. Edwin A. Curley.
gust, 1885.
ENGLISH
A. H. D. Ackland.
THE | WORKING-MEN IN THE BRITISH
Au- PARLIAMENT. Edward Brown, F.L.S.
September, 1886.
FRENCH POLITICAL LEADERS. A. GERMAN POLITICAL LEADERS.
Bowman Blake. February, 1882.
Herbert Tuttle. February, 1883.
THE IRISH PARTY. Edward Brown, THE ITALIAN CHAMBER OF DEP-
F.L.S. August, 1887.
UTIES. J. S. Farrer. January, 1888.
Social Studies.
AMERICAN RAILROAD
TION. Professor A. T. Hadley.
1887.
June,
LEGISLA- | THE TARIFF. NOT "FOR REVENUE
ONLY," BUT ALSO FOR PROTEC-
TION AND DEVELOPMENT. The
Hon. George F. Edmunds. February, 1888.
A POSTMASTER'S EXPERIENCE OF
CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. April,
1886.
THE NATURE OF THE RAILWAY
PROBLEM. Professor Richard T. Ely.
July, 1886.
THE ECONOMIC EVILS IN AMERI-
CAN RAILWAY METHODS. Pro-
fessor Richard T. Ely. August, 1886.
THE REFORM OF RAILWAY
ABUSES. Professor Richard T. Ely.
September, 1886.
OUR PUBLIC LAND POLICY. Veeder
B. Paine. October, 1885.
THE TARIFF. "FOR REVENUE
ONLY." The Hon. Henry Watterson.
January, 1888.
THE AMERICAN SHIPPING INTER-
EST. Osborne Howes, Jun. February,
1888.
THE NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE
OF CORPORATIONS. Professor Rich-
ard T. Ely. May, 1887.
THE GROWTH OF CORPORATIONS.
Professor Richard T. Ely. June, 1887.
THE FUTURE OF CORPORATIONS.
Professor Richard T. Ely. July, 1887.

R. Zogbaum
186
Drawn by R. F. Zogbaum.
RALLY ON THE COLORS-CADET LIFE AT WEST POINT (Vol. LXXV., p. 212).
WESERSTROM
Engraved by V. Bernstrom.
Religion.
By Archdeacon Mackay-Smith. Jan., 1889.
THE CLERGY AND THE TIMES.
THE RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN By Edmond de Pressensé. September,
FRANCE.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO-
CIATIONS.
CHRISTIAN MISSIONS.
1889.
By Dr. G. R. Crooks. Jan., 1882. First ar-
ticle by Dr. Lyman Abbott. Oct., 1870.
By Dr. Lyman Abbott. February, 1875.
THE RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT IN By F. Lichtenberger, Dean of the Protes-
GERMANY.
tant Faculty at Paris. August, 1889.
Names of Some of the Poets.
Edwin Arnold, Maurice Thompson,
Thomas Bailey Aldrich, Margaret Deland,
Graham R. Tomson, William H. Hayne,
Robert Burns Wilson, Frances L. Mace.
Frank Dempster Sherman, Annie Fields,
Wallace Bruce, Will Wallace Harney,
Philip Bourke Marston, Joel Benton,
Amélie Rives, Elizabeth W. Latimer.
Walt Whitman, Louise Imogen Guiney,
Clinton Scollard, Paul Hamilton Hayne,
Will Carleton, Louise Chandler Moulton,
R. H. Stoddard, Thomas Dunn English.
Edmund Clarence Stedman, John Muir,
Austin Dobson, Dora Reade Goodale,
John G. Whittier, Charles Henry Webb,
Andrew Lang, Harriet Prescott Spofford.
Literature and Criticism.
THE LITERARY MOVEMENT IN By George Parsons Lathrop. November,
NEW YORK.
LONDON AS A LITERARY CEN-
TRE.
1886.
By R. R. Bowker. Two papers. May and
June, 1888.
THE RECENT MOVEMENT. IN By Charles Washington Coleman, Jr. May,
SOUTHERN LITERATURE.
ACTING AND ACTORS.
ACTING AND AUTHORS.
1887.
By C. Coquelin. May, 1887.
By C. Coquelin. April, 1888.
May, 1889.
THE DRAMATIC OUTLOOK IN By Brander Matthews.
AMERICA.
THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
THE WORK OF JOHN RUSKIN.
By Theodore Child. March, 1889.
By Dr. Charles Waldstein. February, 1889.

From a photograph.
Engraved by G. Kruell
JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (Vol. LXVIII., p. 170).
FICTION.
Grant Allen.
Leonard Arundel's Recovery. February,
1887.
F. Anstey.
The Singular Case of Mr. Samuel Spoolin.
November, 1885.
Author of "John Hal-
ifax, Gentleman.”
King Arthur. Not a Love Story. In two
parts. April and May, 1886.
Frances C. Baylor.
Craddock's Heldest. December, 1887.
Edward Bellamy.
To Whom This May Come. February,
1889.
Walter Besant.
The Last Mass. December, 1888.
William H. Bishop.
Jerry and Clarinda. May, 1887.
William Black.
Hugh Conway.
A Dead Man's Face. December, 1884.
Charles Egbert Crad-
dock.
'Way Down in Lonesome Cove, Decem-
ber, 1885; His "Day in Court," December,
1887.
Rebecca H. Davis.
A Silhouette, September, 1883; Anne,
April, 1883.
B. L. Farjeon.
Blind Willy. December, 1886.
H. Rider Haggard.
Maiwa's Revenge. In two parts. July
and August, 1888.
Edward Everett Hale.
Dick's Christmas, January, 1883; Aunt
Caroline's Present, February, 1885; A New
Arabian Night, March, 1889; Lulu's Doll
Did It. A True Story, July, 1882.
Thomas Hardy.
A Laodicean, January, 1881-January, 1882.
Three serials: Shandon Bells, May, 1882- Joel Chandler Harris.
April, 1883; Judith Shakespeare, January-
November, 1884; In Far Lochaber, Janu-
ary-November, 1888.
R. D. Blackmore.
-
Serial: Springhaven. April – November,
1886, and January-April, 1887.
Ananias. April, 1888.
Julian Hawthorne.
Ken's Mystery, November, 1883; “When
Half-Gods Go, the Gods Arrive," Septem-
ber, 1885; David Poindexter's Disappear-
ance, February, 1884; A Rebel, August,
1882.
Lizzie W. Champney. Lafcadio Hearn.
Witch Hazel, February, 1882; Professor
Sarcophagus, February, 1885; The Doc-
tor's House, November, 1882.
Chita: A Memory of Last Island. April,
1888.

From a photograph.
O. B. Bunce.
Laurence Hutton.
Noah Brooks.
G. C. Eggleston.
AT THE AUTHOR'S CLUB, NEW YORK (Vol. LXXIII., p. 812).
Engraved by G. Kruell.
G. P. Lathrop.
R. U Johnson.
Uor M
FICTION.
Blanche W. Howard. Grace King.
Beryl's Happy Thought. A Thanksgiving
Story, December, 1886; Tony the Maid.
In two parts.
September and October,
1887.
Wm. Dean Howells.
Serials: Indian Summer, July, 1885-Feb-
ruary, 1886; April Hopes, February-Novem-
ber, 1887; Annie Kilburn, June-November,
1888. Farces: The Register, December,
1883; The Elevator, December, 1884; The
Bonne Maman, July, 1886; Bayou L'Ombre:
An Incident of the War, July, 1887; The
Christmas Story of a Little Church, De-
cember, 1888.
Geo. Parsons Lathrop.
A Man and Two Brothers, November, 1887;
Mrs. Winterrowd's "Musicale," June, 1882.
Garroters, December, 1885; The Mouse- Brander Matthews.
Trap, December, 1886; Five o’Clock Tea,
December, 1887; A Likely Story, Decem-
ber, 1888.
Helen Hunt Jackson.
Little Bel's Supplement, April, 1886; The
Esther Feverel, December, 1885; Brief-
As Woman's Love, March, 1886; A Secret
of the Sea, June, 1885; The Rival Ghosts,
May, 1884.
Captain of the "Heather Bell," November, Kathleen O'Meara.
1885.
Henry James.
Narka. A Story of Russian Life. Janu-
ary-November, 1887.
Louisa Pallant, February, 1888; Two Thomas Nelson Page.
Countries, June, 1888.
Thomas A. Janvier.
What Was Seen by Juan Valdez in Sal-
tillo. January, 1884.
"Unc' Edinburg's Drowndin'." A Planta-
tion Echo, January, 1886; Ole 'stracted,
October, 1886; Polly. A Christmas Rec-
ollection, December, 1886.
Sarah Orne Jewett. Elizabeth S. Phelps.
The King of Folly Island, December, 1886;
Mère Pochette, March, 1888.
The Madonna of the Tubs, December, 1885;
Annie Laurie, December, 1887.
Richard M. Johnston. Howard Pyle.
King William and His Armies, June, 1882;
Martha Reed's Lovers, January, 1887;
The Stubblefield Contingents, April, 1887;
Stephen Wycherlie. June, 1887.
The Rivalries of Mr. Toby Gillam, March, Charles Reade.
1887; Moll and Virgil, September, 1887;
Ogeechee Cross-Firings, May, 1889.
Captain Charles King.
Captain Santa Claus. December, 1887.
Mou
Born to Good Luck, July, 1883; The Pict-
ure, in two parts, March and April, 1884;
"There's Many a Slip 'twixt the Cup and
the Lip," December, 1883; Tit for Tat,
January, 1883; Rus, June, 1883.

AP
Drawn by Alfred Parsons.
Engraved by A. M. Lindsay.
"STILL GLIDES THE STREAM, AND SHALL FOREVER GLIDE"-WORDSWORTH'S SONNET, "THE
RIVER DUDDON" (Vol LXXV., p. 488).
FICTION.
Mou
Amélie Rives.
Nurse Crumpet Tells the Story, Septem-
ber, 1887; The Story of Arnon, November,
1887; "Inja," December, 1887; Virginia of
Virginia, January, 1888.
E. P. Roe.
Nature's Serial Story. A serial. Decem-
ber, 1883-December, 1884.
Saxe-Holm.
Farmer Worrall's Case. December,
1884.
H. P. Spofford.
The Mount of Sorrow, June, 1883; Mrs.
Claxton's Skeleton, March, 1883; The
Tragic Story of Binns, November, 1886;
Three Quiet Ladies of the Name of Luce,
November, 1884; Best Laid Schemes, Au-
gust, 1883; By the Winter's Moon, Feb-
ruary, 1882.
F. J. Stimson.
Passages from the Diary of a Hong-Kong
Merchant, May, 1885.
Frank R. Stockton.
My Bull-Calf. July, 1884.
Chas. Dudley Warner.
A Little Journey in the World, April-No-
vember, 1889.
Mary E. Wilkins.
A Souvenir, March, 1885; A Humble Ro-
mance, June, 1884; An Honest Soul, July,
1884; A Gentle Ghost, August, 1889.
C. F. Woolson.
Serials: Anne, December, 1880-May, 1882;
East Angels, January, 1885-May, 1886;
Jupiter Lights, January-September, 1889;
Neptune's Shore, October, 1888; A Pink
Villa, November, 1888; At the Chateau of
Corinne, October, 1887; The Front Yard,
December, 1888.

A
FINIS.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
Boston Herald.
Take almost any number of HARPER'S
and you find the same variety on an ex-
tended scale. Every issue is so interesting
that you feel compelled to read it through,
and there is no other magazine that quite
fills its place in the household. If one reads
only its illustrated articles, he would be an
accomplished traveller.
|
Cincinnati Times-Star.
The HARPER publications, which took the
lead years ago, manage to maintain it, and
to keep right to the front, no matter in what
direction the public taste seems to turn.
Boston Traveller.
A model of what a family periodical
should be.
Louisville Post.
HARPER'S probably treats a greater va-
Southern Churchman, Richmond, Va.
HARPER'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE is one
of the foremost magazines in the world-riety of topics of immediate interest to the
too well known to need praise.
New York Herald.
The main danger in magazines is that of
taking on too uniform a type, so that one
number is just like another. HARPER'S
avoids this with pains and skill, and this is
one reason for its popularity.
Philadelphia Methodist.
HARPER'S comes to the front of maga-
zine virtues in the predominating timeliness
of its strong articles, excellently illustrated.
Wilmington (Del.) Morning News.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is always full of
information and entertainment, and as a
wholesome and refining influence in the
household cannot be surpassed.
New York Star.
general reader than any other of our Amer-
ican magazines.
Christian at Work, N. Y.
Its illustrations are as superb as its arti-
cles are varied, racy, and instructive.
New York Sun.
This unsurpassed periodical.
Literary World, London.
A profusion of good things, literary and
artistic.
Boston Globe.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is a source of the
most pleasurable entertainment.
Baltimore American.
A tremendous feast of good things.
Albany Press.
The same HARPER'S. Always of the
In HARPER'S ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY
MAGAZINE we have reached the completest
stage of science, literature, and art which highest excellence.
the world has yet seen.
Hartford Courant.
With such editing it is no wonder that
HARPER'S MAGAZINE increases its hold
upon the reading public of America and
England.
New York Tribune.
In force, variety of treatment, and excel-
lence of reproduction the illustrations have
not been surpassed.
London Daily Telegraph.
It abounds in brightness, variety, and in
admirable illustrations. There is something
for every kind of taste, and entertainment
for all.
Cleveland Leader.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE keeps up its, repu-
tation as a periodical fully abreast of the
times, not only in the matter of seasonable
topics, but in the newest inventions in art
letter-press.
New Orleans Picayune.
HARPER'S MAGAZINE is the representa-
tive of all that is best in American litera-
ture and culture.
Boston Advertiser.
At the head of the list of its kind in real
value and in public appreciation.
Boston Beacon.
To its honor and glory be it said, HAR-
PER'S MAGAZINE has never been sensation-
al, never dull, never a mere partisan, never
It has
one-sided, and never stationary.
combined poetry, fiction, essays, science, il-
lustrations, wit, humor, and maintained a
uniform progress in all its departments. It
is the good-fortune of this country and the
special honor of Messrs. Harper & Broth-
ers that they publish the most magnifi-
cent and comprehensive set of periodicals
in this country, and, for that matter, in any
country.

KRST WEKLY
Mist.
VV VI
R. E.S.
تداست
N°
THE BEST FAMILY READING.
publishing house has yet succeeded in ministering, as the Harpers do, through
their periodicals, to old and young, men and women seekers for current news
graphically illustrated, scholars, travellers, and artists, and children of all ages.-Ob-
server, N. Y
Harper's Magazine.
Postage Free. $4.00 a Year.
Harper's Weekly.
Postage Free. $4.00 a Year.
Harper's Bazar.
Postage Free. $4.00 a Year.
Harper's
Young People.
Postage Free.
$2.00 a Year.
As remarkable for its pictorial beauty as for
the attractiveness of its literary contents.-Phila-
delphia Inquirer.
A purer, more interesting, higher toned, better
illustrated, paper is not published in this or any
other country.-Commercial Bulletin, Boston.
To take HARPER'S BAZAR is a matter of
economy. No lady can afford to be without it.—
Chicago Journal.
If money is ever well laid out in supplying
children with good reading for a merely nom-
inal price, it is certainly in subscribing for
HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. — N. Y. Mail and
Express.
Booksellers and Postmasters usually receive Subscriptions. Subscriptions sent direct to
the Publishers should be accompanied by Post-office Money Order or Draft. When no time
is specified, Subscriptions will begin with the current number.
PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK.


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Pending
3 9015 02586 3815
140

1
DO NOT REMOVE
OR
MUTILATE CARD