Caroline Li Jum ни CR 113 CP/8 OUR FLAC Srang BY FRANCIS SCOTT KEY 3RD Compliments of Best & Co. ESTABLISHED 1879 FIFTH AVENUE AT 35th STREET NEW YORK LONDON PARIS COPYRIGHT 1910. H. C. BROWN, N. Y. 1914. WINTHROP PRESS, N. Y. ן' nus. James. Begrundlly Cafryfaces 2-3-32 The Star-Spangled hammer. без Osagicon zon in by the dawn's corch light that de proudly. we hailed at the twilight'olest gleaming. Whose Grad Stufes and bright story, through the clouds of the fight. O'er the ram parts. me watched were so And the rocket's r so gallonatly streaming? the bomb bursting in air Gene proof througe the night that verflag was well there? does that star- of angled banner. D'er the land of the face the home of the brave? get ware Athey FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, AUTHOR OF THE "STAR SPANGLED BANNER," AND FAC-SIMILE OF THE OLD LETTER ON THE BACK OF WHICH HE HURRIEDLY SCRIBBLED THE FIRST ROUGH DRAFT OF THE HYMN. OUR FLAG BY FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, 3RD It is not generally known and comes as a surprise to most Americans to realize that the Stars and Stripes is the oldest national flag in existence. France comes next. England's Royal Standard was not adopted till 1801. In 1606, in honor of the union of England and Scotland, the English flag, which for years had been white with the red cross of St. George extending to its edges, was changed to a field of blue across which was placed the upright red cross of St. George and the diagonal white cross of St. Andrew. This was the flag that floated over "Susan Constant" at Jamestown and "Mayflower" at Plymouth. Although the colon- ists frequently used devices of their own, the English flag was the flag of this country for more than one hundred and fifty years. So different were the symbols of the colonies, regi- ments and ships that Washington, in 1775, wrote, "Please WASHINGTONS COAT DE ARMS SHOWING ROSSIBLE ORIGIN OF STARE AND SHAPESH THE LITTLE CHURCH AT BRINGTON, ENGLAND, WHERE WASHINGTON'S ANCESTORS ARE BURIED. 244 fix on some flag by which our vessels may know each other." In 1777 Congress appointed a committee consisting of Gen- eral Washington, Robert Morris and Colonel Ross "to desig- nate a suitable flag for the nation." This committee, as all the world knows, conferred with Mistress Betsy Ross, and after- wards recommended a flag in which the stripes recently intro- duced were retained, but in which the crosses, the symbol of British authority, gave place to the stars which were henceforth to shine for liberty. This committee having reported, on June 14, 1777, in old Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Congress adopted the follow- ing resolution: "Resolved, that the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation. The stars to be arranged in a circle." Enter here the Star Spangled Banner, with thirty-seven years to wait for the song that was to immortalize the name. The Flag was not changed until 1795, when two stripes and PAUL JONES RAISING THE FLAG FOR THE FIRST TIME ON THE "RANGER." 000 LIBERTY BELL two stars were added for Vermont and Kentucky. By 1816 four more States, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana and Indiana were in the family, and a committee was appointed to give them a place on the Flag. Realizing that there must be a limit to the stripes, the com- mittee made a recommendation which was adopted April 4, 1818, that the Flag be per- manently thirteen stripes, representing the thirteen original States and that a new star be added for each State as admitted. The plan of arranging the stars to form one large star was abandoned at that time and the method of placing them in rows was adopted. Since then a star has been added to the Flag on the Fourth of July following the admission of a State to the Union. The several States were admitted to the Union in OLD INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA, THE MOST FAMOUS BUILDING IN AMERICA. the following order: Vermont, Feb. 10, 1791; Kentucky, Feb. 4, 1792; Tennessee, in 1796; Ohio, in 1802; Louisiana, in 1812; Indiana, in 1816; Mississippi, in 1816; Illinois, in 1818; Alabama, in 1819; Maine, in 1820; Missouri, in 1821; Arkansas, in 1836; Michigan, in 1837; Florida, March 3, 1845; Iowa, March 3, 1845; Texas, Dec. 29, 1845; Wisconsin, in 1847; California, in 1850; Minne- sota, in 1857; Oregon, in 1859; Kansas, in 1861; West Virginia, in 1862; Nevada, in 1864; Nebraska, in 1867; Colorado, in 1875; North Dakota, in 1889; South Dakota, in 1889; Montana, in 1889; Washington, in 1889; Idaho, July 3, 1890; Wyoming, July 10, 1890; Utah, in 1896; Oklahoma, 1907. Arizona and New Mexico, 1910. The Stars and Stripes were first used in actual military service at Fort Stanwix, re-named Fort Schuyler, now Utica, N. Y., on August 6, 1777, and first carried in battle at a skirmish at Cooch's Bridge, near Wilmington, Del., September 3, 1777. The flag of the United States at the time of the Revolution had. CONGRESS APPROVING THE DESIGN OF THE STARS AND STRIPES. thirteen stars; in the War of 1812, fifteen; in the Mexican War, twenty-nine; in the Civil War, thirty-five, and in the Spanish- American War, forty-five- the number today, forty-eight. The first striped flag was raised at Washington's head- quarters, Cambridge, Mass., January 2, 1776, and saluted with thirteen guns. About the same time John Paul Jones, as Senior First Lieutenant, hoisted it with his own hands over Commo- dore Hopkin's flagship the "Alfred," then lying in the Delaware at Philadelphia. On February 14, 1778, Captain John Paul Jones had the great satisfaction of seeing the Stars and Stripes "recognized for the first time and in the fullest manner by the flag of France" by salutes first to the "Ranger" and later to the "Indepen- dence" of Jones' fleet. This was probably the first recognition by any foreign power of the colors of the United States of America. Jones received his appointment to the command of the "Ranger" on the very day that our national flag was 1646 THE BETSY ROSS HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA, WHERE THE FIRST FLAG WAS MADE. adopted by Congress. He said, "That flag and I are twins. We cannot be parted in life or in death. So long as we can float, we shall float together; if we must sink, we shall go down as one." "Morning and Evening Colors" are observed on board all our naval essels, naval stations and army posts. The cere- mony attending the raising and lowering of the Flag is very impressive. The "Star Spangled Banner" has long been played at the raising, but in 1904, at the request of Admiral Dewey, President Roosevelt ordered that it be played at the evening ceremony also, instead of "Hail Columbia," which had previously been used when the colors were lowered. "OLD GLORY" ORIGIN OF THE NAME. Captain Stephen Driver was without doubt the first man to christen our flag "Old Glory." He was born at Salem, Mass., March 17, 1803. When about to sail from that port in com- BATTLE OF COOCH'S BRIDGE, NEAR WILMINGTON- FLAG FIRST CARRIED IN BATTLE. mand of the brig "Charles Doggett," in the year 1831, he was presented with a large American flag. As it was sent aloft, and broken out into the air, Captain Driver christened the beautiful emblem "Old Glory," and this was the name he evermore used for it. His flag shared with the Captain the perils and adven- tures of the deep, and on his retirement from the sea it was taken by him to Nashville, Tenn., where he made his home, and where he died in 1886. The Captain was a most pronounced "Union man," and his outspoken fondness for the Flag made him widely known as "Old Glory Driver." During the late unpleasantness, his neighbo: naturally felt a special call to get hold of that par- ticular flag. The Captain's home and grounds were repeatedly searched in vain. They knew it was there, but find it they could not. The old Captain told them they should see it only when it again floated over a united country. In order to keep it safe until that longed-for-time the Captain with his own THE ATTACK ON FORT MCHENRY WHICH INSPIRED THE "STAR SPANGLED BANNER." hands quilted "Old Glory" into a comforter, and made it his bed-fellow. When peace was restored, true to his promise, Captain Driver took the flag to the Capitol Building in Nash- ville and it was soon waving over the city. As he saw it once more in the air, the old man exclaimed, "Now that Old Glory is up there, gentlemen, I am ready to die." In 1882 the Captain gave his beloved flag to his niece, Mrs. Cooke, with directions for her to do with it as she thought best after his death. She afterward presented it to its present care- takers, the Essex Institute of Salem, Mass. So, after all its voyages and vicissitudes the original "Old Glory" is today safe in the very harbor from which it first sailed away seventy- nine years ago. RESPECT FOR THE FLAG THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION print the following regula- tions that proper respect for the Flag may be observed: It should not be hoisted before sunrise nor allowed to remain up after sunset. HOME IN WHICH KEY LIVED WHEN HE WROTE THE HYMN. At sunset spectators should stand at "attention" and uncover during the playing of the "Star Spangled Banner." Military men are required to do so by regulation. When the national colors are passing on parade, or in review, the spectator should, if walking, halt, and if sitting, arise and stand at attention and uncover. In placing the Flag at half staff, it should first be hoisted to the top of the staff and then lowered to position, and preliminary to lowering from half staff it should be first raised to the top. THE "STAR SPANGLED BANNER" My grandfather, Francis Scott Key, the only son of John Ross Key, an officer in the Revolutionary War, was born at Double Pipe Creek, Frederick County, Md., August 9, 1780. Although he wrote many excellent poems and gained fame as an attorney and statesman, he is known to posterity almost entirely as the author of the "Star Spangled Banner." HOME OF JOHN A. DIX, AT BOSCAWEN, N. H., WHO WROTE: "IF ANYONE ATTEMPTS TO HAUL DOWN THE AMERICAN FLAG, SHOOT HIM ON THE SPOT." HOME OF TOM PAINE, WHOSE "COMMON SENSE" CRYSTALLIZED COLONIAL INDEPENDENCE, ROCHELLE, N. Y. NEW The residence he occupied in Georgetown upon the occasion of his visit to the British fleet is still standing. Until recently, this historic house was sadly neglected and became the abode of an Italian fruit shop of the most squalid kind. Under the leadership of Admirals Dewey and Schley, however, steps are now being taken to secure and preserve this building for all time. Our National Anthem was the result of an incident during the attack on Baltimore by the British in the War of 1812-14. Francis Scott Key had been sent by President Madison to effect the release of his friend, Doctor Beanes who had been captured during a raid by Admiral Cockburn's men. The good doctor was to be hung at the yard-arm in the morning, but on proofs presented by Key of his innocence of any crime Vice-Admiral Cockrane eventually announced that he would be released, but not until a certain "important event" pending had been consummated. CLERMONT THE STARS AND STRIPES BEING CARRIED BY THE FIRST VESSEL EVER PROPELLED BY STEAM-ROBERT FULTON'S FAMOUS "CLERMONT." THE STARS AND STRIPES IN ACTUAL MILITARY SERVICE FOR THE FIRST TIME, AT OLD FORT STANWIX, NOW FORT SCHUYLER, UTICA, N. Y. This "important event" was the destruction of Fort McHenry guarding the harbor at Baltimore. Thus it came about that Francis Scott Key was an eye- witness of the conflict from the deck of the "Minden." All day long shot and shell rained on the little fort and its brave defenders. Exasperated at the unexpected resistance, the British determined to close in upon the fortifications and reduce them under cover of darkness. In small boats they attempted to steal past the fortifications with several hundred picked men and attack the garrison in the rear, but, being discovered, a terrific and galling fire was opened upon them causing terrible destruction. About midnight there was a lull, during which the British Admiral learned that the land attack had failed and that General Ross had been killed. Then the fleet in desperation moved nearer and redoubled its fire, and the little fort bravely answered back gun for gun. So the long, dreadful night passed away, and in the morning SUNSET SALUTING THE COLORS AT WEST POINT. -in the long-a-coming morning-"by the dawn's early light" the anxious eye of the three Americans strained toward the Fort to see if "the Flag was still there." It was there! It was there! Thank God, it was still there! At the same time the British fleet withdrew and Baltimore was saved. With an inspiration born of the moment, Francis Scott Key scribbled on the back of an old letter wihch he carried in his pocket the first draft of the song which was destined to become the National Anthem and endear his name for all time to his fellow countrymen of his own and all succeeding generations. A large national flag is kept floating over his grave which is never taken down except to replace it with a new one. As it floats there day and night it fulfils the lines written by Whittier in his poem concerning that other flag lover of Frederick, brave old Barbara Frietchie, "And ever the stars above looked down On thy stars below at Fredericktown." UN TO TRE WASHINGTON OF TIC AMERICAN ARMY Jock 391775 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS AT NEWBURGH. THE OLD CAMBRIDGE ELM WHERE WASHINGTON RAISED, FOR THE FIRST TIME, A FLAG WITH RED AND WHITE STRIPES. RAISING THE SCHOOL HOUSE FLAG One of the first known instances of a flag being raised over a school building or grounds was over Washington School, Chicago, Ill., three days after Fort Sumter had been fired upon. The principal, Benjamin F. Cutter, bought the bunting and four of his teachers made this flag. One of these ladies was a native of Maine, one of Massachusetts, one of New York State, and the fourth was Mrs. Calista Robinson Jones of Vermont, a past National President of the Woman's Relief Corps. On May 11, 1861, at New Bedford, Mass., a flag was raised over the Fifth Street Grammar School. This was eight months after the dedication of the school building, and less than a month after the flag over Fort Sumter had been fired upon. This flag has been an inspiration to the students of this school for over forty years, being unfurled every school day during that time. But the great credit for the almost universal custom of salut- SALUTING THE COLORS AT SUNRISE ON BOARD THE FLEET ON ITS TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. ing the Flag in our Public Schools is undoubtedly due to the growth of national sentiment. The movement began back in the '80s. Now it is estimated that practically every school, including those in Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Philippines thus honor the Star Spangled Banner at the opening exercises. When it is brought forward every pupil rises and gives a military salute, then all together they slowly and distinctly repeat: "I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." * * * * Patriotic lessons in connection with the flag are now a recognized feature of every school. The national flag is raised on school buildings on all National or State holidays and on anniversaries of memorable events in our country's history. And on such days, when the schools are in session, it is now the custom to hold appropriate exercises relative to THE STARS AND STRIPES FLOATING ON THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL AIRSHIP THE WORLD HAS EVER SEEN- WILBUR WRIGHT'S-NEAR PARIS, FRANCE. the person or events commemorated. pertinent for the observance: Jan. 1-American Flag First Used by Washington Jan. 8-Battle of New Orleans Jan. 18-Daniel Webster Born Feb. 12-Abraham Lincoln Born Feb. 22-George Washington Born Mar. 18-Grover Cleveland Born Apr. 2-Thos. Jefferson Born Apr. 19-Battle of Lexington Apr. 27-U. S. Grant Born May 14-Founding of Jamestown The following days are specially May 29-Patrick Henry Born May 30-Decoration Day June 14-National Flag Day June 17-Battle of Bunker Hill July 4-Independence Day Sept. 1-Labor Day Sept. 10-Perry's Victory Oct. 12-Columbus Discovered America Oct. 19-Cornwallis Surrendered Dec. 16-Boston Tea Party Dec. 22-Forefathers' Day A large American Flag floats from a steel pole 300 feet high at Montclair, N. J. It is designed to meet the eye of the home coming traveller or the emigrant, long before he enters the harbor of New York, as it comes into view before even the Statue of Liberty is sighted. Pittsburgh, Pa., is the proud possessor of a flag 300 feet wide-the largest one known. "FLAG DAY" IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PRINTED AND SOLD BY ANDREW H. KELLOGG COMPANY NEW YORK ONE OVER ALL** The FLAC, ONE COUNTRY. GOD Star Spangled Banner Francis Scoll Key, 1780-1843 O shy, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. CHORUS O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? On the shore dimly seen thro' the mists of the deep, Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected, now shines on the stream: CHORUS 'Tis the star-spangled banner: O, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! And where is that band who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more? Their blood has wash'd out their foul foot-steps' pollution. No refuge could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight or the gloom of the grave: CHORUS And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. O thus be it ever when free-men shall stand Between their lov'd home and the war's desolation; Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the heav'n-rescued land Praise the pow'r that hath made and preserv'd us a nation! Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust!" CHORUS And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!