º # º -- H --- - i … not ITY OF; - - - - - - . . . . - ºº:: * ERIS-PENINSU º Sººyººs º IIIºſiſſillſ||||IIITIII IE # iſ: univ. of Michio". AUG 161912 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE, OF º SECRETARY ~ : ! | 4. )7 * /2–éo-o-º-º-º: , GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAR SEASON OF 1912 - GENERAL STATEMENT. The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyom- ing, with a small area in Montana and Idaho. It was created by the act of March 1, 1872, and has an area of 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, but it is patrolled by four troops of Cavalry commanded by a line officer of the Army, assisted by a number of civilian scouts. Road and bridge construction and road sprinkling are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. - General information may be obtained at the superintendent's office at Fort Yellowstone, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., and complaints regarding service should be addressed to that officer." The tourist season extends from June 15 to September 15. . . . . The transportation companies allow each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra, charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. IHeavy, strong *i. ºã heavy shoes (or light shoes and rubbers) are advisable. A rain coat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. - The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located 5 miles from the northern entrance. Those entering from the west should have their mail addressed to Yellowstone, Mont. 34378°–12—1 *~ - wº, -º- -º- iſ ºf 2 . - YELLowstone NATIONAL PARK, Telegrams may be sent from hotels to *. part of the world. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, and outlet of Yellowstone Lake. RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont.; the Oregon Shortline Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- road reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 63 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. Excursion tickets are sold during the park season. Tickets may be purchased, including (1) transportation to the park; (2) transportation to and within the park; (3) transportation to and within the park and board and lodging in the park. * TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE PARK, Automobiles and motor cycles are not allowed in the park. There are a number of hotels, permanent camps and transportation lines operated in the parkundercontract with the Department of the Interior, and movable camps operate under yearly license issued by the depart- ment, but every person is at liberty to provide his own means of trans- portation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 27–30. Five and one-half days is the minimum time in which the tour of the park can be made. Persons starting on the tour of the park by way of the movable camps can not obtain accommodations at the hotels except in cases of sickness or exceptional circumstances. Circulars and information may be obtained from the concessioners whose addresses are given in this circular. Tourists are advised to arrange in advance for their hotel or camp ac- commodations. - - YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL Co. - & The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains five hotels and two lunch stations in the park. The hotels are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Lower Geyser Basin, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone, Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow- stone; the lunch stations are located at Norris Geyser Basin and the Thumb of the lake. These hotels are operated in connection with the Yellowstone Transportation Co. whose coaches start from the northern entrance at Gardiner, the Monida & Yellowstone Transpor- tation Co. whose coaches start from the western entrance at Yellow- stone, and the Holm Transportation Co. whose coaches start from Cody, Wyo. - * º, * of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 15, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 3 Rates of the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. HOTEL CHARGES. H Board and lodging, regular accom- Almond or clay pack.------------. $1.50 modations, not exceeding, per Ladies' plain hair dressing........ . 50 day---------- ge e = * * * * * * * * * * * ... $5.00 || Ladies' fancy hair dressing.... 1 to 2.00 Extra for room with bath, each Singeing-------------------------- . 50 person, per day--------------- • 1.00 | Manicuring------------------ 75 to 1.00 Meal or lodging, each............. 1.25 | Chiropody in shop............ ... l. 50 Meals served in rooms, extra, each. , 50 | Chiropody in private rooms, in Shaving---------------- ge e ºs e = e s = e is . 25 hotel, extra------------- * * * * * * * * . 50 Hair cutting---------------------- • 50 | Bath------------------------ ----. , 50 Shampooing, men---------------- • 50 | Boot blacking--------------------- . 10 Dry shampoo, ladies.-------------. 1.00 || Billiards: Wet shampoo, ladies....... * * * * * * * 1. 25 Per game-------------------- , 25 Scalp treatment......------------ 1. 00 Per hour..... sº e s ºr e = * * * * * * * * * * . 60 Face massage: * Men.------------------------- .50 Women.---------------------- 1.00 NEWS STANDS. Guidebooks, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. * t TELEGRAMS. - º From all points in the United States (except Helena, Mont.) to Helena, Mont., at Western Union rates; Helena to Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park Association, charge of 25 cents for first 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word; Helena to other points in Yellowstone National Park, charge of 50 cents for first 10 words and 3 cents for each additional word. d Messages º between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. TELEPHONE MESSAGES. Use of telephone from or to any point in the park, not to exceed one minute, 25 cents. Each additional minute, 15 cents. art YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK TRANSPORTATION CO. f The Yellowstone National Park Transportation Co. operates a transportation line from Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrance, in connection with the hotels. The address of this company is Yellow- stone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 15; thereafter, Helena, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: f Transportation rates of the Yellowstone National Park Transportation Co. ROUND TRIPS. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and return, with stop-over privileges..... $18.00 Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and Grand Canyon, and return, with stop- over privileges----------------------------------------------------. 25.00 Round trip of park, via Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb of Lake, Lake, Grand Canyon, and Norris, with stop-over privileges.-----------. 25. 00 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. - _* SINGLE TRIPS. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Gardiner------------------. $1.50 Norris....... sº e s a e e s s = e = e s m a 4.00 Fountain ------------------- 7. 50 Upper Basin --------------- 9. 00 Grand Canyon-------------. 7. 50 Lake----------------------- 12.50 Thumb--------------------- 15. 50 Norris to— * Upper Basin ....... e - e º ºs e º e 5. Fountain-------------------- 3. 50 Grand Canyon...----------- 3. 50 Lake----------------------- 8. 50 Fountain to— Upper Basin --------------- I. 50 orris.--------------------- 3. 50 Grand Canyon.............. . 00 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 7. 50 CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSES, GUIDES, ETC. Saddle horse: Per day--------------------- $3.50 First hour------------------- 1.00 Each subsequent hour...... . 50 Carriages or surrey, capacity of three seats, at Mammoth, Can- yon, Fountain, and Upper Basin: Per day------------------- i. 10.00 First hour------------------- 4.00 Each subsequent hour........ 2. 00 Seats in conveyance for drive: Over formation at Fountain, each------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 50 Over formation at Upper Gey- Ser Basin-------------- # -- . 50 ** • PARE One vehicle, seat 3, two horses and driver, per day........... $15.00 One vehicle, seat 5, four horses and driver, per day----------- One vehicle, seat 7, four horses and driver, per day........... 30.00 For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. Upper Basin to— Fountain-------------------- $1.50 Norris.--------------------- 5. 00 Grand Canyon.--------...-- 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 9. 00 Lake to— Grand Canyon-------------- 5.00 orris.---------- a. * * * * * * * * * * 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... T2. 50 Upper Basin ---------- - - - - - 13. 50 Grand Canyon to— orris.--------------------- 3. 50 Fountain-------------------- 7. 00 §: Basin -------------- , 8.50 ammoth Hot Springs....... 7. 50 Lake.---------------------- *- 5.00 Seats in conveyance for drive— Continued. To Inspiration Point at Can- yOIl- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $1.00 To Artists Point at Canyon... 1.00 Over formation at Mammo Hot Springs------------- ... 1.00 Guide, with saddle horse, per day---------------------- ... - 5.00 Packer, with saddle horse, per day-------------------------- , 5.00 Cook, with saddle horse, per day. 5.00 Pack horses, each, per day....... 1. 50 Mount Washburn, round trip, from Grand Canyon............ 5.00. TRIPS. Vehicle per diem rates one-half of above for all time over five days. MONIDA & YELLOWSTONE STAGE CO. The Monida & Yellowstone Stage Co. operates a transportation line from Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance, in connection with the hotels. The address of this company is Yellowstone, Mont., between June 15 and September 15; thereafter St. Paul, Minn. The authorized rates are as follows: Transportation rates of the Monida & Yellowstone Stage Co. ROUND TRIPS. Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to- - Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, and return, with stop-over privileges.... $10.00 - Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, return to western entrance, with stop-over privilegeš. In connection with above round-trip ticket, Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs and return................. Driver boarded and horses stabled and fed by and at expense of transportation Company. 20.00 • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s w w is a e s sº e º e s - - - e. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, --> 5 THROUGH TRIP.d. # Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to- Gardiner (northern entrance), via Fountain, Pg. Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Mammoth Hot privileges-------------------------- prings, with stop-over SINGLE TRIPs.b Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to- Fountain.......... * * * - - - - - - - $5. 00 #; Basin --------------- 6. 50 Thumb--------------------- 10. 50 Lake----------------------- 13. 50 Canyon via Lake..... . . . . . . . 18, 50 Canyon via Norris..... . . . . . . 10, 00 orris---------------------- 6. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 10. 5 Gardiner. ------------------ 12. 00 Fountain to— Upper Basin ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 50 Norris.--------------------. 3. 50 Canyon via Norris..... . . . . . , 7.00 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 7. 50 Gardiner. -----------------. 9. 00 Western entrance. . . . . . . . . . . 5. 00 Upper basin to— Thumb--------------------- 4.00 Lake----------------------- 7. 00 Canyon via Lake............ 12. 00 Canyon via Norris.......... - 8.50 Norris---------------------- 5.00 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 9.00 Gardiner. ... ------- , - ... -- . 10.50 Western entrance........... 6.50 e = * * * e º e º e º gº e º a e s a tº fê e = * * * * . . . . . . $25.00 Lake to- Canyon. ------------------- $5.00 Thumb----------------- ,-, - 3.00 Upper Basin. -------------- 7. 00 Norris via Canyon........... * 8.50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 12. 50 Gardiner. ------------------ 14.00 Western entrance. . . . . . . . . . . 15. 00 Canyon to— Norris.----------------- , ... 3. 50 Lake----------------------- 5. 00 Fountain-------------------- 7.00 Upper Basin--------------- 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 7. 50 Gardiner------------------ . 9.00 Western entrance via Norris. 10.00 Norris to— STOP-OVER PRIVILEGES. All passengers are granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping Fº in the park without extra charge or , transportation. Parties can retain their surrey or coach for their use on lay- over days at the following rates: Three-passenger two-horse surrey and º per day------------ Five-passenger two-horse surrey Western entrance.......... , 6.50 Fountain-------------------. 3. 50 Upper Basin....... ... --- - - 5.00 Canyon---------------------- 3. 50 Lake via Canyon..........Y 8. 50 Mammoth.------------------ 4.00 Gardiner. --------- * * * * * * * * * * 5. 50 # Five-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day........... $12.50 Seven-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . 15.00 The five and seven-passenger four-horse coaches will accommodate 8 and 11, respectively. * and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 --- PARK TRIPS. - Three-passenger two-horse surrey For each additional passenger carried, and driver, per day........... $15.00 regular fare charged. One-half the Five-passenger two-horse surrey above rates per diem for all time over and driver, per day- - - - - - - - - - - 20.00 five days. Expense of boarding driv- Five-passenger four-horse coach ers and horses included. and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . 5. Seven-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 - a These tº: include drives at Fountain and Upper Basin, also ride at Grand Canyon, to Inspiration Point, and return b Parties requesti g single trips in opposite direction from the regular stage route will º of sufficient number to fill a minimum conveyance (3 passengers) or pay for vacant space at above rates. 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSEs, GUIDEs, ETC. Carriage or surrey, 3 seats, for use Saddle horse: in vicinity of western entrance, Per day--------------------- $3.50 Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, First hour------------------- 1. 00 Canyon, Norris, or Mammoth: Each subsequent hour. ------ . 50 Per day................... -- $10.00 || Guide, with Saddle horse, per day. 5.00 First hour------------------- 4.00 | Packer, with saddle horse, per Each Subsequent hour...... 2. 00 day-------------------------- 5. 00 Seats in conveyance for drive: Cook, with saddle horse, per day. 5.00 Over formation at Fountain, Pack horse, each, per day........ 1. 50 . each:------------- = * = - - - - . 50 | Mount Washburn, round trip, Over formation at Upper Gey- from Grand Canyon, each...... 5. 00 Ser Basin, each........... . 50 - To Inspiration Point at Can- YOD, each- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I. 00 To Artists Point at Canyon, " each. -------------------- 1. 00 IBIOLIMI TRANSIPOIRTATION CO. The Holm º Co. operates a transportation line from Cody, \% through the eastern entrance in connection with the hotels, and the Wylie permanent camps. ... The address of this company is Cody, Wyo. e automobiles of the Holm Transportation Co. leave }. each day during the season, transporting passengers to Holm Lodge. , Hotel and transportation rates of the Holm Transportation Co. Five-day hotel trip, including transportation and hotel accommodations, arriving at the eastern entrance by way of Cody, and returning by way of . Cody-------------------------------------------------------------.-- - - $52.50 Train arrives Cody 12 o'clock noon. Automobile leaves for Holm Lodge 1.30. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Holm Lodge. Leave Holm Lodge after breakfast, with two and three seated surreys. Lunch Sylvan Holm. Dinner, bed, breakfast at Lake Hotel. Lunch, dinner, bed, breakfast at the Canyon. Lunch at Norris. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Old Faithful Inn. Lunch at the Thumb of Lake. Dinner, bed, breakfast at the Lake Hotel. Lunch at Sylvan Holm. Dinner, bed, breakfast at Holm Lodge. Automobiles leave Holm Lodge after breakfast, arriving Cody for departure train, about 12.30. - Five-day hotel trip, including transportation and hotel accommodations, arriv- ing at eastern entrance by way of Cody, leaving by way of Gardiner (northern entrance).---------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = 52.50 Train arrives Cody 12 o'clock noon. Automobile leaves for Holm Lodge 1.30. ' Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Holm Lodge. Leave Holm Lodge after breakfast with two and three seated surreys. Lunch at Sylvan Holm. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Lake Hotel. Lunch, dinner, bed, breakfast at Canyon, Tunch at Norris. Dinner, bed, breakfast, and lunch at Old Faithful Inn. Dinner, bed, breakfast at Fountain. - . - Lunch at Norris. Dinner at Mammoth. Thence Gardiner after dinner to catch the evening train. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 7 Five-day hotel trip, including transportation and hotel accommodations, arriving at eastern entrance by the way of Cody, leaving by the way of Yellowstone station (western entrance to the park)..... ------------------ $52, 50 Arrive at Cody at noon. - Automobile leaves for Holm Lodge at 1.30. Dinner, bed, breakfast at Holm Lodge. Lunch at Sylvan Holm. Dinner, bed, breakfast at Lake Hotel. Lunch, dinner, bed, breakfast at Canyon. Lunch at Norris. Dinner, bed, breakfast, and lunch at Old Faithful Inn. , Dinner, bed, breakfast at Fountain. Arrive at Yellowstone station for lunch. s • Six-day hotel trip, including transportation and hotel accommodations, arriving at eastern entrance by way of Cody, and returning by way of Cody... 62.50 Same as the five-day trip to Norris Basin. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Fountain Hotel. Lunch, dinner, bed, and breakfast at Old Faithful Inn. * The remainder of the trip will be the same as the five-day trip. Seven-day hotel trip, including transportation and hotel accommodations, arriving at eastern entrance by way of Cody, and returning by way of Cody. . 72.50 Same as five-day trip to Norris Basin. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Mammoth Hotel. Lunch at Norris. Dinner, bed, and breakfast at Fountain Hotel. Lunch, dinner, bed, and breakfast at Old Faithful Inn. . - The remainder of the trip will be the same as the five-day trip. , Transportation rates of the Holm Transportation Co. PARK TOURS. Sylvan Pass, Lake Hotel, Canyon, Norris, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (5 days)... . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25.00 Sylvan Pass, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, 4 * eastern entrance (6 days).----------------------------------------------- 30.00 Sylvan Pass, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, eastern entrance (7 days)-------------------------------------- . . . . 35.00 sº º Lake, Canyon, Norris, Upper Basin, Fountain, Norris, Mammoth }- (5 ay8). --> s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25.00 Sylvan Pass, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Upper Geyser Basin, Fountain, to western entrance (5 days) :-------------------------------------- * e º ºs s gº ge 25.00 Ten-day horseback tour (stopping at park hotels, making trip by easy rides; will not make trip for less than two persons), $5 per day, which includes guide. Sylvan Pass, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, Fountain, Upper … Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (10 days)..... - 50.00 ? f : .. stop-over PRIVILEGEs. All passengers are granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping places 'in the park without extra charge for transportation. Parties can retain their surrey for their use on lay-over days at the following rates: * Three-passenger two-horse surrey and driver, per day.---------------------- $7.50 Five-passenger two-horse surrey and driver, per day. . . . ..... • s e = e s e ... . . . . 10.00 CARRIAGES, GUIDEs, SADDLE HoRSEs, ETC. Saddle horse, per day..................... & © tº º sº º º gº tº - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $3.50 Guide, with saddle horse, per º s = e := E = - - - -> * * * * * * * * * * * * = • - - - - - - - - - - e s = * ~ * 5.00 Seats in conveyances from Lake Hotel to eastern entrance--------------..... 5.00 Mount Washburn, round trip, from Grand Canyon......................... ... 5.00 PARK TRIPS. One vehicle, seat three, two horses and driver, per day..................... $15.00 One vehicle, seat five, two horses and driver, per day...................... 25.00 For each additional passenger carried regular fare charged. Vehicle per-diem rates one-half of above for all time over five days. Driver boarded and horses stabled and fed by and at expense of transportation company. 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. WYLIE IPERMANIENT CAMIPING CO. The Wylie Permanent Camping Co., under contract with the department, maintains permanent camps in the park and operates a transportation line from Gardiner, the northern, and Yellowstone, the western entrance and by way of Sylvan Pass or eastern entrance. The camps are located at Swan Lake Basin, Riverside (western entrance), Upper Geyser Basin, outlet of Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, eastern entrance (near Sylvan Pass), and Tower Falls. In addition, lunch stations are maintained at the Gibbon Geyser Basin and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. The tents have board floors that are raised above the ground and are heated by stoves. Separate tents are used for dining rooms and social assembly. The address of this company is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: * Rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by the Wylie Permanent Camping Co. Round TRIPs. ' " 2’ Six-day park trip, from Gardiner, Mont. (northern entrance), or from terminus Oregori Short Line (western entrance), via Mammoth Hot Springs, including transportation, board, and lodging---------------------------------------. $40.00 Children under 10 years of age, same as above-...------... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 00 Five-day park trip, from terminus Oregon Short Line (Riverside Camp), via Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, and Gibbon, including transportation, board, and lodging---------------------......... 35.00 Children under 10 years of age, same as above-...-----------.............. 17. 50 Seven-day trip from Cody via Holm Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, and return to Cody, including transportation, board, and lodging (nearly six days in park)------------------------------------. 57. 00 Six-day trip from Cody via Holm Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, and return to Cody, including transportation, board, and lodging (nearly five days in park). 48.75 Six-day trip from Cody via Holm Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Swan Lake, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris, Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, and return via Gibbon to Yellowstone (western entrance), including transportation, board, and lodging (nearly five days in park).... 49.50 Five-day trip from Cody via Holm Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, and return via Gibbon to Yellowstone (western entrance), including transportation, board, and lodg- ing (nearly four days in park):------------------------…-:-----------;-- 41. 25 Four-day trip from Cody via Holm Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, º Grand Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, and Yellowstone (western entrance), includ- - ing transportation, board, and lodging (nearly three days in park). ------- 33.00 Four-day trip from Cody via Holm, Lodge, Sylvan Pass, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Swan Lake, Mammoth Hot Springs, to Gardiner (northern entrance), including transportation, board, and lodging (nearly three days in park)-----------------------------------------------.- - - - - - 35. 00 Extra charges for time in addition to regular itinerary: Board and lodging per day, each person------------------------------------------------------- 3.00 Passengers stopping over at any of the camps are not required to make any ad- ditional payment except the charge of $3 per day for board and lodging, but if they desire to retain a special wagon or coach they must pay the charges prescribed below: & - Retaining mountain spring wagon (3 seats), 2 horses and driver, per day... 5.00 Retaining Concord coach (4 seats), 4 horses and driver, per day........... 8.00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 9 LOCAL TRANSPORTATION RATES. Gardiner to Swan Lake (Willow Riverside Camp (western entrance) Park)....... --------- * * * * * * * * * 3.00 to Gibbon Camp-------...- ... . . . $3.00 Swan Lake to Upper Geyser Basin. 5.00 Gibbon Camp to Norris.----------- 2.00 Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of . Gibbon Camp to Upper Geyser ake-------------------------- 4.00 Basin------------------------. 3.00 Thumb to Lake Outlet (Lake Riverside Camp (western entrance) º * = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *s 3.00 to Upper Geyser Basin. ------. . . 5.00 Lake Camp to Grand Canyon. . . . . 3.00 || Gardiner to Camp Roosevelt (near Grand Canyon to Swan Lake------ 4.00 Tower Falls). -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.00 Grand Canyon to Norris. - - - - - - - - - 2.00 | Canyon to Camp Roosevelt (near Norris to Swan Lake- - - - - - - - - - - - 2.00 Tower Falls), via Dunraven Pass. 4.00 Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs... 3. 50 º BOARD, LODGING, AND MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES. Board and lodging, per day, each person. --------.----------------- F -}- - - - - - $3.00 ; meals, per person--------------------------------------------------- . 75 Lodging, per person---------------------------------------------------... - - - - - 1.00 Saddle horses, per day---------------------------------------------------- 3. 00 Sulphur baths at Camp Roosevelt and Upper Geyser Basin, each........... . . . . 50 Feeding horses, oats or hay, per feed, each horse........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Trunks hauled between Oregon Short Line terminus and Riverside Camp, each e Way - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------- .25 Transporting bicycles between stations..................... = --------------- .50 SHAW & POWELL CAMPING CO. The Shaw & Powell Camping Co., under a yearly license, operates movable camps from both the northern and the western entrances. The camp equipment used by this company is moved every morning and a new camp is made at night. The address of this company is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: Itinerary and rates of Shaw & Powell Camping Co. . FROM GARDINER, ENTRANCE. Parties taking the 53-day trip will ordinarily proceed as follows: First day: Gardiner to Willow Creek. Second day: Willow Creek to Firehole River. Third day: Firehole River to De Lacy Creek. Fourth day: De Lacy Creek to Grand Canyon. Fifth day: Grand Canyon to Gardiner. Schedule of rates: e * - - Regular 5%-day trip as outlined above, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camps................ $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of party------------------------- --------------- * - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day....... * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * ~ * * * * * * * = 3.00 FROM YELLOWSTONE ENTRANCE. Parties taking the 5-day trip will ordinarily proceed as follows: First day: Yellowstone to Firehole. #- Second day: Firehole to De Lacy Creek. Third day: De Lacy Creek to Lake Outlet. Fourth day: Lake Outlet to Grand Canyon. Fifth day: Grand Canyon to Yellowstone. Parties taking the 6-day trip will ordinarily proceed as follows: First day: Yellowstone to Firehole River. Second day: Firehole to De Lacy Creek. T Third day: De Lacy Creek to Lake Outlet. Fourth day: Lake Outlet to Grand Canyon. © Fifth day: Grand Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs and back to Willow Creek. Sixth day: Willow Creek to Yellowstone. 34378°–12—2 * * & : : . ; : 4". q e º e gº § : * e 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARFC. Schedule of rates: º Regular 5-day trip as outlined above, price for each member of party, in- cluding transportation and board and lodging in camps. -------------- $30.00 Begular 6-day trip as outlined above, price for each member of party, in- -> cluding transportation and board and lodging in camps--------------- 35.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of IR. C. BRYANT CO. The R. C. Bryant Co., under a yearly license, operates movable camps from Yellowstone, the western entrance. The camp equip- ment used by this company is moved every morning and a new camp is made at night. The address of this company is Yellowstone, Mont., from June 15 to September 15, thereafter First National Bank Building, Chicago, Ill. The authorized rates are as follows: 5: Itinerary and rates of R. C. Bryant Co. ITINERARY. Parties will usually be brought into the park by the Yellowstone or western entrance and camps will ordinarily be made at the following points: First camp: On the old road between Fountain Station and Midway Basin. Second camp: At De Lacy Creek. Third camp: Near Lake Hotel. Fourth camp: At the Grand Canyon. Fifth camp; Near Apollinaris Spring. Sixth camp: Near Apollinaris Spring. * - A few parties will spend 10 days in the park, in which cases, in addition to the above §: camps will be made at Tower Falls and Lava Creek east of Mammoth Hot prings. In case of persons entering at Gardiner, first night camp near Apollinaris Spring; second day join regular party from Yellowstone. tº RATES. and lodging in the camp: - For five-day trips from Yellowstone Station only, $30 each person. For seven-day trips from Yellowstone or Gardiner, covering all points of intereston regular stage roads of the park, $35 each person. For 10-day trips covering all points of interest on the regular stage roads of the park, and side trip to Mount Washburn, Tower Falls, petrified trees, etc., $50. For outfitting private and independent parties: For parties of eight or more, $5 per day each person. For parties of from five to seven, inclusive, $6 per day, each person. For three or four persons, $7 per day each person, providing one carriage and one baggage wagon. * - For two persons, $9 per day each person, providing one carriage and one baggage wagon. - For one person, $12 per day, providing one conveyance and one man who shall be both guide and cook. - For saddle horses, $1 per day extra to members of any party. If a horse-back rider reserves definitely a seat in coach, extra charge for saddle horse, $2.50. The following rates are for each member of the party, including transportation, board, FERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES. Licenses are granted to firms and individuals allowing them to pººl conduct camping parties through the reservation. A ist may be procured from the acting superintendent of the park. 4. g & 4 * ſº - t § *... . . . . w * * ..., ... • X f 4 ºf : & º t * * 4. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 11 BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE. The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates power boats, cruisers, launches, and row- boats on Yellowstone Lake in the Yellowstone National Park. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the pº and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule hereafter, y the boat company for services rendered by it. Under the regula- tions of the department no power boats are permitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat-Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce and Labor. Rates of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. POWER BOATS. Lake Hotel to West Arm (Thumb) of Yellowstone Lake, or reverse of such trip. $2.50 Excursions to Southeast Arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $20).--------------------------------------------------------------- 2.00 33-foot cabin cruiser, with crew, per day.....-------------------------------- 35.00 For two or more days, per day.....------------------------------------------ 25.00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: $ Per day--------------- & e = s. s. s = e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... 15.00 For first hour-------------------, ------------------------------------- 3.00 For each additional hour------...-- - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.00 Over six hours, day rates charged. • -ROWBOATS. Rowboats: - Per day----------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - s - - - - - - - - - - - - - $2.00 For first hour................ * * * * ~ * - 2 = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - w e s = • * * * * * - 50 For each additional hour----------------------------------------------- . 25 Over six hours, day rates charged. Oarsmen: Per hour------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 50 Per day--------------------------------------------------------------- 4.00 Boat rental and services of oarsmen and motor boat and attendants' time commences from the moment of leaving the dock until return. FISHING TACKLE, Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net, per day........... ------- $0.50 Same free to each individual hiring launches. Charge may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies sold from 5 to 25 cents, according to quality. Fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST. POINTS ON CIRCULAR, TOUR. Points of interest, and distances on circular tour from Gardiner, Mont., north entrance, *- Distance|*.*|Altitude - Name. between from above sea Remarks. Points. Gäräßer. level. § Miles. Miles. Feet. Gardiner... 3,300 Terminus of branchline of Northern Pacific R. R.; entrance arch. , Campers register at soldier sta- tion. Guides, horses, outfit, and supplies may be purchased in . Fair camping place near town. Road follows Gardiner River. No camps allowed between- Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. º Points of interest, and distances on cir cular tour from Gardiner, Mont., north entrance— Continued. *—t— —le-a= —f- pistancel".”|Altitude Name. between from above sea Remarks. points. Gardiner level. , - Miles. Miles Feet. t - Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 6,264 | Large and beautiful hot springs and formations Fort Yellowstone, (see p. 19). Headquarters of troops stationed Mammoth Hotel. in the park, U. S. commissioner's office, post office, and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be obtained. "Small herd of'tame buffalo may be seen 1 mile South. Good camping place near buffalo Corral. - For side trips see #. -- * * Hºs and Silver 3 8 7,000 | Finescenery and cult road building. Golden Gate and Rus- 1. 9 7,245 || Bunsen Peak on east. Beautiful scenery and re- tic Falls (70 feet). markable road building. Entrance Swan Lake Valley. Fishing for brook trout in Glen Creek. Camps not permitted, account water S Lak i 1 7, 2 supply for Fort Yellowstone. ::::::::::::::: | | | #|º: Willow Park........... 3 14- 7,300 excellent camping places are Irequent an e Apollinaris Spring 1 15 7.300 streams along the road abound in brook trout. - e º ºs e tº y §§. §* = - - - - - e º 'º' 2 17 7,3 A cliff composed of shining black glass. Beaver Lake........... # 17% 7,315 || Many beaver dams. Fair camping place about º 1 mile South of Beaver Lake. Roaring Mountain..... 3 20% x Powerful steam vent near summit of mountain. Twin Lakes........... d } 21 7,513 || 2 ponds of a peculiar green color. - Bijah Spring----------- 1 22 7,500 || Fair camping place south of Bijah Spring. £98m - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 23 , 5 Hot Spring. - Norris Geyser Basin; 2 25 7,470 | See p. 19. Soldier station. Good camping place Hotel lunch station. on canyon road near junction of roads. Oute lies down Gibbon River from Norris Basin. Good fishing for rainbow trout in the river. #º...... * | | | }; * , ibbon Meadows------- - 28 ,3 e Aº(gibbon Paint 1 29 ###|Good camping places. OU, - Gibbon Canyon Beryl Spring-.......... 1 30 7,296 || Hot spring. Soda and Iron Springs.- 3 33 7,100 | Cold spring. Gibbon Falls (80 feet).. # 33% 7,000 * Canyon Creek; Gibbon 1% 35 6,910 || Good camping place. Road to the west leads lunch station (Wylie). to Western entrance, Cascades of Firehole 4% 39% 7,092 || Road on west from western entrance... Good #3. camping places along the Firehole River mile before reaching Soldier station. Goo fishing for eastern brook, Loch Leven, Von Behr, native and Rainbow trout, and white- Sºle TNez Perce Creek. ...... 3% 43 7,150 | Soldier station. wer Geyser, Basin; 2 45 7,240 | See p. 19, Good fishing in Firehole River and Fountain Hotel. adjacent. Small streams. Good camp # mile east of Soldier station on Nez Perce Creek, 2 miles west on Sentinel Creek, and toward Upper Basin on old road about 1 mile. - $k s Por side trips see p. 18. Excelsior Geyser....... 3 48 7,233 Gºshing; good camping place about $ mile - SOUII.1. Riscuit Basin. . . . . . . . . . 3 51 7,3 Good fishing and good camping place. Upper Geyser Basin; 3 54 7,330 | See p. 20, ... Qld. Faithf Inn; Soldier station; general store; photograph shop. Wylie Camp. Good fishing in Firehole River and branches. Good camp at Riverside Geyser, and about 3 mile south on road to Thumb. For side trips see p. 18. Kepler Cascade........ 2 56 7,550 Lone Star Road........ 1% 57; 7,600 || Lone Star Geyser # mile south of main road. Plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes; height, 40 to 60 feet. Good fishing and excel- • - - lent camp sites in the vicinity. Continental Divide...sv 5 62 8,240 | . *...* De Lacy Creek.----...- 1 63 7,850 | Good camping place. Shoshone Point. ------. 1 8,000 || Fine view of Tetons and Jackson Lake. Continental Divide.... 5 68% 8,345 #:#::::::::: 3# 72 7,850 | Good fishing for native trout. YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK, 13 + Points of interest, and distances on *:::: tour from Gardiner, Mont., north entrance— ontinued. pistance|*...* Altitude Name. between from above Sea Remarks. * points. Gardiner level. r? Twº } Miles. | Miles. | Feet. - Thumb of Yellowstone | * l 73 a 7,741 Soldier station. Small geysers, hot springs, and Lake; hotel lunch # aint pots. Tourists can take boat to Take station; Wylie lunch otel, for which an additional charge is made. station. Road from Jackson Hole joins main belt line - ere. Fishing for native trout in lake. Camp- | ing place 3 mile west on ºpper Basin Road and .2 miles toward Lake Hotel. *- - 2. For side trips see p. 18. Arnica Creek........... 5% 78; 7,750 | Camp site. - Natural bridge......... } 6 84% (Camp site; other camps about 13% and 15 miles Bridge Creek...--------- - U from Thumb. Yellowstone L. a ke 4} 89 a 7,741 Soldier station; general store... Road from Cody Hotel, Wylie Camp. joins main belt line here. Fishing in lake from º shore or boats. For side trips see p. 18. Lake outlet ........... 1 90 7,800 || Road to east for Cody, Wyo. ud Volcano........... 6} 96% 7,705 # Grotto §§ - * * * - - - - - } 97 7,700 ||From a point about 2 miles north of the lake out- Sulphur Mountain..... } 3 100 7,600 let good camping places are found as far as Alum Hayden Valley......... 3. Creek; also goo hing for native trout. Alum Creek............ 2 102 7,650 * w Grand Canyon of the 6 106 ,850 | Soldier station. Upper falls of Yellowstone Yellowstone River; River, 109 feet; lower falls, 308 feet. Fair Canyon Hotel; Wylie camping places across concrete bridge above Camp. upper falls and in the vicinity of the soldier Station. Fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. Branch road to Mount Wash- burn leaves main belt line at Canyon Junction, leading past the new Canyon Hotel. - For side trips, see page 18. Virginia Meadows...... 8 114 7,765 6; º place and good fishing for eastern - rook UrQUIt. Virginia Cascade....... 2 116 2 Fishing for Rainbow trout below the cascades. Norris Geyser Basin..... 2 118 7,470 | See p. 12. Mammoth Hot Springs. 20 138 6,264 | See p. 12 Gardiner--------------- 5 143 5,300 | See p. 11 £º a Altitude of water surface. Points of interest and distances between Canyon Hotel and Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower Falls. *I Distancel Pjº Name. between Canyon Altitude. Remarks. points. | #. 3. Miles Miler. Feet; Canyon Hotel..........|........ 7,850 || Road usually not open until July 1. Dunraven cut-off....... 7 7 8,800 || Good camping place; route via Dunraven cut-off is 3 miles shorter than route over top of moun- tain here given. Top of Mount Wash- 4 11 10,000 || Fine view from top on clear day, including Yellow- burn. - stone Lake, Tetons, and high mountains in all directions. Tower Falls Road...... 3 14 8,650 Tower Falls (132 feet)... 6% 20} 6,400 || Beautiful scenery; fine fishing for native trout in Yellowstone River; good camping place. Soldier station, Wylie 2} 23 6,150 | Good camping place. permanent camp. Petrified trees........ * - I 1 24 6,500 I)0. Blacktail Deer Creek... 11 35 6,550 | Good fishing for native and Rainbow trout; trail for third canyon of the Yellowstone, 3 miles. Good camping place. Lava. Creek, Undine 3 38 6,400 || Good fishing for native and Eastern brook trout; - Falls (60 feet). good camping place. ** Mammoth Hot Springs. 5 43 6,264 -T # R. sº 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. & Points of interest and distances from Yellowstone, Mont., western entrance. pistance|*.*|Altitude Name. between | y. || above Remarks. points. | ... [sea level. Miles. Miles. Feet. Yellowstone, Mont —sº 6,676 | Terminus of branch line of Oregon Short Line . Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips may be secured here. . . . Riverside Camp 2 2 6,550)|| Good camping places are found at following dis- Wylie). tances from Yellowstone: 3 miles, mi Soldier station --------- l 3 6,550 12 miles, and 13 miles. Fine fishing for Gray- Junction of Gibbon and 10 13 6,700 ling, whitefish; native Eastern brook, Loch Firehole Rivers. Leven, Wohn Behr, and Rainbow trout in Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers. Canyon Creek; Gibbon 4 17 6,910 || Good camping place. lunch station (Wylie). (For distances and points of interest from Gibbon lunch station, See p. 12.) Yellowstone to Cas- 14% 14% 7,092 cades of the Firehole *} --- River direct via road º - up Firehole River. Lower Geyser Basin, 5% 20 7,240 Fountain Hotel. & (For distances and * oints of interest from ountain Hotel, see p. 12.) Points of interest and distances from Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance. * * Points of interest and distances from Jackson, Wyo., via southern entrance. Distance Distance | Altitude Place. between from above Remarks. points. Cody. sea level. Miles. Miles. Feet. Cody, Wyo. . 5,000 | Terminus of branch line of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. Guides, outfits, and camping supplies may be purchased in town. Road leads º; high pass and usually not open be- fore July 1. Bastern entrance....... 63 63 7,000 | Soldier station; good camping place 1 mile west. Sylvan Pass... -----...-- 8 71 8,650 Beautiful mountain scenery. Sylvan Lake...-------. 2 73 8,350 | Good camping place. Creek------------- 5 78 8,500 | Good camping place; also 4 miles farther west. Turbid Lake...-------. 10 88 7,900 || Lake with steam vents in bottom. Good camp- ing place; also 3 miles farther west. Lake Hotel.----------- 5 93 a 7,741 (For distances and oints of interest from ake Hotel, see p. 13.) \ j | | Distance | Distance Altitude - Name. between | from above Remarks. points. Jackson. ||Sea level. Miles, Miles. Feet, Jackson F- # Southern entrance- - - - - 25 25 6,850 | Soldier station; good camping place; mouth of 3'-- Snake River. Fishing in Lewis Lake and River, and in Snake River, for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and Lake trout. Lewis Falls (upper, 80 9 34 7,750 | Camping place 1 mile south. feet; lower, 50 feet). wis Lake, south end." 2 36 a 7,720 | Camping place 2 miles north. Trail to Shoshone Lake 5 41 7,800 | Camping place 1 mile south. Continental Divide...-- 2} 43% 8,000 e Thumb of Lake........ - 4% 48 a 7,741 || Camping place 14 miles south. d (For points of interest and g ce from “. Thumb of Lake, see p. 13.) * * , a Altitude of water surface. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 15 $IDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. y Around Bunsen Peak.-Twelve miles by a one-way wagon road, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. Guide not necessary. Buffalo herds (tame).--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on r: to Bunsen Peak) Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this …º. 4. -*— g\\ To Mammoth Hot Springs - Mt.Washburn 10000 2 | Dunraven Peak 9700 * Qº wen Pass ,” * - - --~~ Hedges Peak $º _--~~~~ 9500 6 ar A * 5 - ** tº • Wäenburn & & Inkpdºot Springs wº * 4, AS # 1. Q "Y- * 2^ 13. * * R sº t;{Hot Sp ings G A C / & § ./ S ** Hot Spra, W § f $ S. 2" wº & ºš W O § # ," 69 R A wº & t ,” v1.ow: $ .” 3. tº Silver Cord § flººr Jººſtration tº Cascade acº & S **Canyon Pt. Hot Spra. Sitſ * Hºot Bl & Crystal Falls S Artist Pt. n sº canyon-º-º-' ſº lls (308 ft.) - -- per Falls To Norris Geyser Basin Chittenden (409 ft.) oft s & < o y Bridge *Forest Sprö, cº Scale ºf e ottº - 1 ź º # - ; Miles "To Yellowstone Lake ſ SKETCH MAP OF GRAND CANYON REGION. corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. One hundred and twenty-five head of pure blood bison under fence or herder. ... No accommodations nearer than Wylie Camp Roosevelt (12 miles), but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. - Tower Falls (132 * ear mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Accommodations at Wylie Camp Roosevelt, 2% miles from Tower Falls. 16 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK. Petrified stumps.-Nineteen miles by wagon road and three-fourths . º side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide IlêeO1601. * Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by wagon road, thence 4 miles by trail. Guide needed. Northeastern portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellow- stone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. Wylie permanent camp (Roosevelt) on Lost Creek, 2% miles f FOUNTAIN HOTEL | * , ,” º To NoHR18 GEYSER Hill * BASIN 20 MILE8. A *Pla. -** Morning Hist zº---aº- ***** Aprings # --~~<\ d Basi § \º Wólº ..”cular Basin s º - * Quagmire Group \º C. \%. Cº., Lake W º \o º & Lone Spring *º.; runº .. irrup *> * Fijºº &. \ T jºin Biotel %. -- T. ºr. - º Kaleidoscopes": cºntiºn / 9/ —'Sprinklers g § ſ *Pithole Spring - */ º * W tain N - 4. $/ §, cupswift.º }*. Sº} is N % 3. / Q) ſ Xº, 3 ikeſ\ºe 2P | Q S º “º - sº \ gº § { W GOOSE LA KES * : Rwn *N * s*W C: & - Great º Scale }%untain ºn tºo lzºo lºres ff Fount AIN HOTEL / 70 UPPER BEYSER ſate--- -- Basin 8 miles ſ SKETCH MAP OF LOWER GEYSER BASIN. northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), provides accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is :* in the spring. Wagon road to Tower Falls and Soda. Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this trip. # MOUNTAIN CLIMBING. Electric Peak (t 0,800 eet).”—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is a There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. w scAule 1–4–4–1–1--1 200 Q 200 400 600 FEET YELLOWSTONE - tº- ..Cleopatrº tº Diana " '}Sprl º Spr. 2% MINERVA attoºd } *. TERRACE N/ º ASpring Narrow Ginge”. *** *śn, Sprº. ru, tsa * MAIN i4 TERRAcE Cheaps Spr.” "Abe Blue *e e Spr. º. a *, * PROSPECT Cupid Cave *;3 § * * * The Buttress *@- Canajy Spring 9:nge Springhuahuano ** TERRAcE *::::: Glen Spring tºwn Angel evils TERRAce &. raisitohen • * * $º • Painted Pool —z E- * SKETCH MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. 34378°–12. (To face page 16.) 110°50’Aſ. 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S. ių*ý<∞ \ ſae <%Geological Survey șsz-~ ~~*?--~~~ár.ºstas § ###% histo N E P LAT E A U $ȘĞ ...?!！?!！?！~ſ-ºÈ\_\}, Š È `s~ &~§^2} §-đf$Nae§ {{•\ ×B ſg�\\și*ą\±}st {łypadł< «№sBarlow, Pk. “umſ|m. gr. - LakeŹºſ± ŽŠ, * Ģsõō\�ve -9，__gyºrº， 10）ſaev-FÆ-~~~9-ſae\esae Cºr. gae&Mt. Hanoogk¿X>=<>$=O€ £ 44 soUTH 4Q109ºver\?№%r)10 © ®^^» � ENTRAŃCE \s-Ź(@Ę2. îTiºiſſaeaenaegaen， 110°50’--TŮ==№s *A ‘n*{&\-à 34378°–12 Scale * , , º, º 'º º 1."” $º: !, A ! Realgar Spring - * \ & Horseshoe Spring WN *NS (3 | \a /* W- & ; W Ž \ & ls-ºs- & - Vērma Spring tº º THE RESER7 OIF § JReceptacle - Spring eIRock Spring Lunch als Station * o 3* 2 30&g sº : PORCELAIAW ºr §§ - º º 29, º' ğ. *4% (º - Bºony Spring”, Cro SVT, is * Crystal Spring e to e4rºnto oGrimſºtone Whirligig." ** Sº & Wha?' .* § furricaneo º NS *, sº %; ke Lºcomotive L^— *. º t * Spouter o Schlammkessel * §, • Steam valve º º” \mara 23 o Fearless & RoPalpitator *. & • Corporº. SANew Crater cº & Recess Vizen • Veteran CŞ QPearl º J.Echinus - º - - & sº Coral-Spring **ºo & sº Hydrophane. * sº Springs : S.S 49 2% Gray Medusa Spring tº Ö akes Cold Springe 34378°–12 SKETCH MAP OF NORRIS GEYSER BASIN. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR, 17 t; difficult and somewhat dangerous. , Highest mountain in the park? Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. 3. ºf . ; Bunsen Peak (9,100 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not wº 2#. Mount Everts (7,900 feet).”—Northeast. Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance about 15 miles. No guide eeded. - Sepulchre Mountain (9,500 feet).”—Seven miles west. Saddle horse can be ridden to top comfortably. Guide needed. Fine view. N910 fººl! Nºro FountáIN HºſtEL }low ER BEYSEßA8IN w w ł. *: 300 1200 Feet Pienchbowl e Chromatic *_2,Beauty Solitary Spring a Čauldron * * $, hºwer-ºrsº, GROUP **gurs...Sººººodic 3> eSawmill g” * SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN. Mount Washburn (10,000 feet).”—First-class wagon road to top, usually open about July 1, Thirty-two miles from Mammoth Hot Springs via Tower Falls to top, 11 miles from New Canyon Hotel to top. On clear days the view from the top is fine, and the whole route is over a beautiful and interesting road. Advisable to plan to reach the top before noon on account of usual high winds in after- noon. No guide is needed. (See also p. 13.) Fishing trips.-One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs may be made with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- a There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. --- I * *. 18 º YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, trians, as follows: South on main road to Willow Creek, Indian Creek, Upper Gardiner and branches, and Glen Creek, for small Eastern brook trout. Distance 4 to 10 miles. East to Tava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or Eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek, 8 miles, for small native or Rainbow trout. East or northeast to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and Eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for whitefish and native trout. 2 SIDE TRIPS FROM FOUNTAIN HOTEL. Great Fountain Geyser and Firehole Basin.—One and one-half miles southeast by wagon road. No guide needed. (See also p. 12.) Twin. Buttes and Fairy Falls (250 feet).--Three miles southwest by trail. No guide necessary. ' Fishing.—Good fishing in Firehole River and branches within easy distances of hotel. t - SIDE TRIPS FROM old FAITHFUL INN. Shoshone Lake and Geyser Basin.—Four and one-half miles by road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via trail. Union geyser 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Guide needed. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake and Eastern brook trout. SIDE TRIPS FROM THUMB LUNCH STATION. Jackson Hole and Lake.-Forty-five miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. (See p. 14.) Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,691 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Wagon road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twelve miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL. Natural Bridge.—Four miles southwest by wagon road. On main road but not seen from steamboat. Steamboat Spring.—Four miles northeast by boat. Fishing.—Fishing for native trout on Yellowstone Lake. } - SIDE TRIPS FROM CANYON HOTEL. ºn. Lookout.—One mile, down north side of canyon by wagon I’08,Ol. • Inspiration Point.—Three miles, down north side of canyon by wagon road. - rtist Point.--Three and one-half miles down south side of canyon by wagon road. - ** Mount Washburn to top (10,000 feet).-Eleven miles northeast by wagon road. (See p. 13.) ishing Hole.—In Yellowstone River at bottom of canyon, 7 miles down river by trail from hotel. Excellent fishing for native trout. Guide needed. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 19 TERRACES, SPRINGS, AND GEYSERS. Terraces, springs, etc., at Mammoth Hot Springs. Boiling River (underground outlet of the [Important springs—Continued. hot springs located on Gardiner River, Diana. 1% miles north from Fort Yellowstone). Blue. McCartneys Cave (bottomless cave in for- Canary mation on parade ground at Fort Yel- Glen. lowstone). Narrow Guage. Liberty Cap (extinct hot-spring cone, Cheops. about 40 feet high). Orange. Cupids Cave. Bath Lake. . The-Buttress. Painted Pool. Lookout Point. Important terraces: Devils Kitchen. Hymen. * White Elephant. Main. Stygian Cave (poisonous gases). Minerva. Important springs: Pulpit. Palette. Marble. Cleopatra. The Esplanade. Jupiter. Prospect. aiad. Angel. Main. Highland. Prominent geysers and springs. [Based upon observations, season 1911.] NORRIS BASIN. Feet. *|Duration of eruption. * Interval between eruptions. I,OWER BASIN. Steam vent only. Large boiling spring. Beautiful hot spring. Continuous. Black Warrior, Steady, and White Dome. Turquoise Spring Small but interesting geysers. Clepsydra-------------. 10–40 | Few seconds..... ...] 3 minutes------------- Fountain Geyser....... 20–75 | 15 to 30 minutes..... 4 to 6 hours.........-- Firehole Lake Peculiar phenomena. Great Fountain........ 75–150 | 30 to 45 minutes... -- 4 to 6 hours.......yº s = • - Mammoth Paint Pots...}... Basin of boiling clay. Excelsior.............. | 200–300 || About 3 hour.... Ceased playing in 1888. Prismatic Lake... Size about 250 by 400 feet; remarkable col- oring. About 100 feet in diam- eter. TJPPER BASIN. Varies. 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Prominent geysers and springs—Continued. UPPER BASIN–Continued. *} Interval between eruptions. Name. Remarks. Duration of eruption. short chim- Lion and e = e º s = - - - - - - - - - ::::::::: Not played since 1892. - - - - - - - - - - - - - Notable springs: Notable springs—Continued. Black Sand Spring (about 55 by 60 Morning Glory. feet). # Punch Bowl. Chinaman. Sponge. Emerald Pool. . - Sunset Lake. NOTES ON FISH IN YELLOWSTONE PARK, Blackspotted or cut-throat trout (Salmo Mykiss).--Native to many ark waters. Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and ellowstone Lake from Pacific slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. Whitefish (Coregonus clupeiformis).-Native to Yellowstone River below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. Planted in Yellowstone River above the falls. Grayling (Thymallus Ontariensis Montanus).-Native to Madison and Gallatin Rivers and branches. Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontanalis) .—Planted. Loch Leven Trout (Salmo Trutti lévensis).-Planted. Von Behr (German brown) trout (Salmo Fario).-Planted. Rainbow trout (Salmo Irideus).-Planted. - Lake trout (Cristivomer Namaycush).-Planted. Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been heard from since they were planted. - MAPS. A topographic map of the park, on the scale of 2 miles to theinch, may be purchased from the Director of the United States Geological Survey, W. D.C., for 20 cents. - Maps of the areas north, east, and south of the park may be ob- tained from the Director of the United States Geological Survey, w YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 21 Washington, D. C. The maps should be ordered by names of atlas sheets given below: - Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price 5 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price 5 cents for each sheet. ' ' Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the # inch. Price 5 cents each. - Circulars containing information relating to topographic maps may }: obtained from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, © f y LITERATURE. - GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. -? SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTs. ' The following publications may be urchased from the Superin- ºt of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: 3. Geological history of the Yellowstone National Park; by Arnold Hague, 24 pp., illustrated. 10 cents. - • Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed; 32 pp., illustrated. 10 cents. * Explains the cause of the geysers and compares the Yellowstone geysers with those in Iceland and New Zealand. - The Superintendent of Documents has for sale the Government reports #". accounts of the early explorations and surveys in the park. detailed price list may be obtained on application. GEOIOGICAL SURVEY. & The following publications may be obtained from the Director of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.: Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yel- lowstone National Park. $2.45. Atlas of the geology of the Yellowstone National Park, 27 sheets folio. $3.75. Geologic Folio, No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. 50 cents. Bulletin 395, Radioactivity of the thermal waters of the Yellowstone National Park. Tee. IBOOIKS. Below is given a selected list of books on the park. These books are issued by commercial publishing houses and are not sold by the department or any Government officer. [BARNEs, O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910], 56 pp., illustrated. BARTH, THEoDoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. & CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. ** CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive. 1895. 397 pp., illustrated. DUNRAven, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in sum- mer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. - A good description of the parkin its early days. FINCE, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309 pp.; illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293; Yosemite on pp. 81-107; Crater Lake on pp. 157–158; Mount Rainier on pp. 209-216. : - : . * & * e © º 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Fountain, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park is described on - pp. 173–195. Contains also descriptions of Yosemite, Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake. HARRISON, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. 4. Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. 141 pp., illustrated. HERBERTSON, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 171–180; Yosemite on pp. 194–196; Crater Lake on pp. 166–167. HESSE-VARTEGG, ERNEST VON. Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 vols. 1880. - Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242; Yosemite in vol. 2, pp. 130–144. Hºno, JULIUS. Won New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblatter. 1888. * on pp. 77–111; Yosemite on pp. 190–201. HolMEs, BURTON. , Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land, 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. * JoHNson, CLIFTON. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. RIPLING, RUDYARD. American Notes. Issued in several editions; one chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. LANGFoED, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Fire- hole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LECLERCQ, JULEs. La Terre des merveilles: Promenade au parc national de l’Ame- rique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. MoRRIs, Mrs. JAMEs EDWIN. A Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 236—255; Yosemite on pp. 191–209. MUIR, JoHN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75; Yosemite on pp. 76–267; Sequoia and General Grant on pp. 268–330. MURPHY, John. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. MURPHY, THOMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1-59; Yosemite on pp. 59–109. Contains color reproductions of Moran's paintings. PIERREPONT, EDwARD. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311; Yosemite on pp. 58–68. -*. PoRTER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–93; Yosemite on pp. 108–142. PRICE, Rose LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 166–217. e RICHARDson, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone, . 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. ToBERTs, Edward. Shoshone and other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. - SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92; Yosemite on pp.93–147. Contains notes on fauna and flora in addition to descriptive matter. sº FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. Yellowstone on pp.9—39. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDWIN J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878, 179 pp., illustrated. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 23 * ^ STODDARD, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. SYNGE, GEORGINA. M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR, CHARLEs MAUs, Jr. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 283-388. - - TISSANDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. > Yellowstone on pp. 170–188; Yosemite on pp. 139–165. * ToMLINson, EveRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. [1906] 399 pp., illustrated. WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARA K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. -- Contains notes on the fauna and flora. ARTICLES IN MAGAZINE. This list contains references to articles in magazines and serial publications published up to December 31, 1911, that have come to the notice of the department. * AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. AMERICAN GEoLogist, vol. 20 (September, 1897), pp. 159–167. Some geological causes of the scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook. AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by K. L. Smith. AMERICAN Journal of SciENCE, 3d S., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872) #. 105–115, 161-176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Fire Hole Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. - 3d S., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by F. W. Hayden. 4th s., vol. 1 (June, 1896), Å; 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by old Hague. 4th s., vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Tertiary floras of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279-290. The geysers of Montana. vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock, - vol. 15 (March, 1881), pp. 203–208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellowstone * Park, by W. H. Holmes. vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040. The present condition of the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. D. Cope. APPLETON's Journal, vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. ARound WoFLD, vol. 1 (July–August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. ART Journal, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–328. The American wonderland, by Edward Roberts. ATLANTIC MonTHLY, vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by John Muir. CENTURy, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. A place of marvels: Yellow- stone Park as it now is, by R. S. Baker. º CHAMBER's Journal, 4th s., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. CURRENT LITERATURE, vol. 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. * e s * : . * * • * w fy tº 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. DEUTSCHE RUNDsCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (Juli, 1896), S. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, von Siegmund Bergmann. d ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. F n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by Francis Iſa.I.C.18. GARDEN AND FoREST, vol. 7 (Apr. 4, 1894), p. 131. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. S. Sargent. A H. MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), pp. 869–890. The three Tetons, by A. W. Olli IlS. 4. - vol. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. [Beauties of the Yellowstone National Park. Hº:}. WEEKLY, vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellowstone National Park, by E. Lindsey. HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und Dezember, 1898), S. 49–61, 109–121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, von P. Schwahn. HISTORICAL SocIETY of MonTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149–233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addison M. Quincy. * - vol. 4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August # September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 349–369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yellow- stone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370-394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562. The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong. .* vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. - vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, by C. L. Thompson. Poem. * vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. Description of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone Park. INDoors AND OUT, vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. Not seen. INTERNATIONAL GEoLoGICAL CongBEss, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. & - Description of the geological history of the park and of the geological feat long the tourist route. Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFURTER WEREINS FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, s. 57–59 Jahrgang, s. 9–17. Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, von A. Andreae. Journal, of GEoLogy, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode. An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. KANSAs CITY REVIEw of SciENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. º RosMos, 6 JAHRGANG (1909), s. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, von J. Burroughs. - 7 JAHRGANG (1910), s. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, von Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. Iºwa Journal, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through picturesque IIle1 IC3, S Mºi. (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by . Ml. U8,169, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 25 LEIsuRE Hour, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE’s WEEKLY, vol. 85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way we live: Our national zoo, by John Bonner. LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688-704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. Poem. LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL's LIVING Age, vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, N by Francis Francis. MACMILLAN's MAGAZINE, vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421-435. The geysers of the Yel- lowstone, by Archibald Geikie. MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Moun- tains, by P. Koch. - MAGAZINE of WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yel- lowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions. vol. 13 (February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. & MANCHESTER [ENGLAND1 GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, Journal, vol., 15 (January to March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. MUTTER ERDE, Band 3, 1900, s. 12–14, 48–52, 70–72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, von Th. Kirchhoff. . f --- Nº. vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by H. T. IIlCK. - vol. 46 (Jan. 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. . The Yellowstone Park as a forest reservation, by Arnold Hague. vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), § 219. The Yellowstone National Park [review of H. M. Chittenden’s book], by E. Coues. st vol. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276–277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H.T. Finck. vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 248–250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. * NATIONAL MAGAZINE, vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Wan Blarcom. º: - vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611-614. Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, by L. R. Freeman. t - NATUR, 45 JAHRGANG (Sept. 6, 1896), s. 429–432. Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fiebelkorn. º NATURE, vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. vol. 6 (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437-439. A gigantic “pleasure ground:” The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NINETEENTH CENTURY, vol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369-377. The Yellowstone gey- sers, by F. Francis. OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), pp. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455–472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. Andrews. vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. - OUTDoor LIFE, vol. 27 (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J.A. McGuire. % OUTING, vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. O. Owen. § * vol. 30 (May, 1897 . 163–164. A woman's trout fishing in Yellowston Park, by M. § 3. PP s trout WSt.0Ile vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone National Park, by W. W. Thayer. vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H. Henderson. 26 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. OUTING, vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508–511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yellow- stone Park, by R. E. Clark. y t ołº, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by H. H. eV18. * # OvKRLAND MoNTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489–496. The Wash- burn Yellowstone expedition. * 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1-13. The world’s wonderlands in Wyo- ming and New Zé and, by C. F. 6. umming. — 2d s., vol. 29 (June, 1897), #P. 594-603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. PLANT WorlD, vol. 1 º 1898), pp. 52–55. The standing fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. - PopULAR SCIENCE MonTHLY, vol. 25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world’s geyser regions, by A. C. Peale. * .xº vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289-295. . A great winter sanitarium for the American Continent, by Edward Frankland. vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Iſlall. vol. 54 º 1899), pp. 475-481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park]: A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. - RECREATION, vol. 30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53–55. “Sage brush” in Yellowstone Park, by H. D. Foster. 4. vol. 34 (December, 1911), pp. 262-263. “A Pack-sack Trip Through Yellow- stone Park,” by C. P. #ordyée. # * * SAINT NICHOLAs, vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by Everett Foster. -l * * School of MINEs QUARTERLY, vol. 13 (April, 1892), pp. 230–236. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by W. H. Weed. Sº, vol. 11 (June 1, 1888), pp. 255–256. [Map of] the Yellowstone National aſ K. vol. 13 (May 17, 1889), pp. 382–384. Soaping geysers, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (Jan. 16, 1891), pp. 36–37. Mineral waters of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. H. Weed. vol. 22 (Nov. 3, 1893), pp. 244-246. Overland sounds in the vicinity of Yellowstone Lake, by Edwin Linton. - n. S., vol. 6 (July 30, 1897 . 145–157. Vegetation of the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, § #. M. É. pp. g prings n, s., vol. 9 (Feb. 24, 1899), pp. 425–442. Early Tertiary volcanoes of the Absaroka Range, by Arnold Hague. “, e n. S., vol. 19 (Apr. 15, 1904), Death Gulch, by F. W. Traphagen. n. S., vol. 33 (Apr. 14, 1911), pp. 563–568. Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. 1 * • * SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, vol. 82 (Jan. 27, 1900), p. 60. Rapid decline of geyser activity in Yellowstone Park, by E. H. Barbour. $ ScIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, vol.55 (Jan. 3, 1903), pp. 22575–22576. The gey- sers of Yellowstone. Park, by D. A. Willey. -*- t Scottish GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE, vol. 8 (May, 1892), pp. 233–248. The Yellow- stone region and its geysers, by H. M. Cadell. ScRIBNER's MAGAZINE, vol. 35 (May, 1904), pp. 513–527. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. * ScRIBNER's MonTHLY, vol. 2 (May and June, 1871), pp. 1–17, 113–128. The wonders of the Yellowstone, by N. P. Langford. $ • E - yº. 3 (November, 1871), pp. 1–17. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Vert S. — vol. 3 (February, 1872), pp. 388–396. More about the Yellowstone, by F. V. Hayden. & vol. 6 (June, 1873), pp. 129–157. The ascent of Mount Hayden, by N. P. Langford. . YELLowsTone NATIONAL PARK, 27 SouTHERN MAGAZINE, vol. 9 (August, 1871), pp. 219–223. The falls of the Yellow- stone, by Howard O’Neill. SPECTATOR, vol. 81 (Dec. 24, 1898), pp. 944–945. The Yellowstone Park to-day. TRAVEL MAGAZINE, vol. 16 (March, 1911), pp. 233—236. The how and why of geysers, by C. H. Claudy. Won FELs zu M MEER, 23 Jahrgang, 1904, Heft 17 Der Yellowstone-Park, von O. Eckstein. 4 WESTERN MonTHLY, vol.” (July, 1870), pp. 60–67. Walley of the Upper Yellowstone, by C. W. Cook. - Wº: To-DAY, vol. 8 (June, 1905), pp. 631–639. A nation’s playground, by H. F. ope. s vol. 19 (November, 1910), pp. 1263–1272. Touring Yellowstone Park on Gov- ernment highways, by M. O. Eldridge. - WoRLD’s WoRK, vol. 6 (June, 1903), pp. 3569–3576. On horseback through the Yellow- stone, by H. D. Sedgwick, jr. RULES AND REGULATIONs. REGULATIONS APPROVED MAY 27, 1911. The following rules and regulations for the government of the "Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public É." to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes, nited States, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894: 1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrusta- tions around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to, deface the same by written inscriptións or otherwise; or to throw an substance into the springs or geyser vents; or to injure or distur in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, speci- . mens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park. 2. It is forbidden to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot- ºpiº formations, or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. 3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any #. timber. Camping arties will be allowed to use dead or fallen timber for fuel. hen #. timber for fuel, or for building purposes when duly author- ized, stumps must not be left higher than 12 inches from the ground. 4. Fires' shall be lighted ; when necessary, and completely extinguished when not longer required. The utmost care must be exercised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 5. Hunting or killing, wounding, or capturing any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals when necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is prohibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation used by persons engaged in, hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or cap- turing such birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed in the park under other circumstances than prescribed above, will be forfeited to the United States, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation, and the actual owner thereof was not a pº to such violation. Firearms will only be permitted in the park on written permission from the superintendent thereof. On arrival at the first station of the park, flºp. having fire- arms, traps, nets, seines, or explosives will turn them over to the sergeant in charge of the station, taking his receipt for them. They .# be returned to the owners on leaving the j. 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 6. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explo- sives, or in any other way than with hook and line, is prohibited. Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. Fishing may be prohibited by order of the superintendent of the park in any of the waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of º: until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. 7. No person will be permitted to reside permanently or to engage in any business in the park without permission, in writing, from the Department of the Interior. The superintendent may grant author- ity to competent persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion, and no pack trains shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide. 8. The herding or grazing of loose stock or cattle of any kind within the park, as well as the driving of such stock or cattle over the roads of the park, is strictly forbidden, except in such cases where authority therefor is granted by the Secretary of the Interior. It is forbidden to cut hay within the boundaries of the park excepting for the use of the wild game and such other purposes as may be authorized by the Secretary of the Interior or the park superintendent. 9. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted within the limits of the park. 10. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- played within the park, except such as º, be necessary for the con- venience and guidance of the public, upon buildings on leased ground. 11. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by ...; COIl- duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily removed from the park, and will not be allowed to return without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the Interior or the superintendent of the park. 12. It is j to carve or write names or other things on any of the mileposts or signboards or any of the platforms, seats, railings, steps, or any structures or any tree in the park. y person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine as pré- vided by the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894, “to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes,” of not more than $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. e INSTRUCTIONS APPROVED FEBRUARY 28, 1912. 1. The feeding, interference with, or molestation of any bear or other wild animal in the park in any way by any person not author- ized by the superintendent is prohibited. 2. Fires.—The greatest care must be exercised to insure the complete extinction of all ºp fires before they are abandoned. All ashes and unburned bits of wood must, when practicable, be thoroughly soaked with water. Where fires are built in the neigh- borhood of decayed logs, particular attention must be directed to the extinguishment of fires in the decaying mold. Fire may be extinguished where water is not available by a complete covering of earth, well packed down. t YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 29 Especial care should be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 3. Camps.-No camp will be made at a less distance than 100 feet from any traveled road. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article liable to frighten teams must not be hung at a nearer distance than this to the road. The same rule ºl. to tem- porary stops, such as for feeding horses or for taking luncheon. Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season, and camp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are abandoned. Tin cans must be flattened and, with bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other débris, must be deposited in a pit provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unusual places where E. may not be provided, all refuse must be hidden where it will not e offensive to the eye. 4. Bicycles.—The greatest care must be exercised by persons using bicycles. On meeting a team the rider must stop and stand at side of road between the bicycle and the team—the outer side of the road if on a grade or curve. In passing a team from the rear the rider should learn from the driver if his horses are liable to frighten, in which case the driver should halt and the rider dis- mount and walk past, keeping between the bicycle and the team. 5. Fishing.—All fish less than 8 inches in length should at once be returned, to the water with the least damage possible to the fish. Fish that are to be retained must be at once killed by a blow on the back of the head or by thrusting a knife or other sha instrument into the head. No person shall catch more than 20 fis in one day. 6. Dogs.--Dogs are not permitted in the park. * 7. Grazing animals.-Only animals actually in use for purposes of transportation through the º: may be grazed in-the vicinity of the camps. They will not be allowed to run over any of the formations, nor near to any of the geysers or hot springs; neither will they be allowed to run loose within 100 feet of the roads. 8. Formations.—No person will be allowed on any formations after sunset without a guide. 9. Hotels.--All tourists traveling with the authorized transpor- tation companies, whether holding hotel coupons or paying cash, are allowed the privilege of extending their visit in the park at any of the hotels without extra charge for transportation. However, 24 hours' notice must be given to the managers of the transportation companies for reservations in other coaches. 10. Driving on roads of park.--(a) Drivers of vehicles of any description, when overtaken by other vehicles traveling at a faster rate of speed, shall, if º to do so, turn out and give the latter free and unobstructed passageway. (b) Vehicles in passing each other must give full half of the road- wº This applies to freight outfits as well as any other. (c) Racing on the park roads is strictly prohibited. (d) Freight, baggage, and heavy ...; outfits on sidehill grades throughout the park will take the outer side of the road while being passed by passenger vehicles in either direction. (e) In making a temporary halt on the road for any purpose all teams and vehicles will be pulled to one side of the road far enough 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. to leave a free and unobstructed passageway. No stops on the road . for luncheon or for camp purposes will be permitted. - § In rounding sharp curves on the roads, like that in the Golden 'Gate Canyon, where #. view ahead is completely cut off, drivers will slow down to a walk. Traveling at night is prohibited except in cases of emergency. (g) Transportation companies, freight and wood contractors, and all other parties and persons using the park roads will be held liable for violation of these instructions. (h) Pack trains will be required to follow trails whenever prac- ticable. During the tourist season, when traveling on the road and vehicles carrying passengers are met, or such vehicles overtake pack trains, the pack train must move off the road not less than 100 feet and await the passage of the vehicle. (i) During the tourist season pack animals, loose animals, or saddle horses, except those ridden by duly authorized persons on patrol or other public duties, are not permitted on the coach road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. (k) Riding at a gait faster than a slow trot on the plateaus near the hotels where tourists and other persons are accustomed to walk is prohibited. 4. . (l) Mounted men, on meeting a passenger team on a grade, will halt on the outer side until the team passes. When approaching a passenger team from the rear, warning must be given, and no faster gait will be taken than is necessary to make the passage, and if on a grade the passage will be on the outer side. A passenger team must not be passed on a dangerous grade. (m). All wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. This order does not apply to express freight hauled in light spring wagons with single teams. 11. Liquors.--All beer, wine, liquors, whisky, etc., brought into the Yellowstone National Park via Gardiner to be carried over the roads through the reservation to Cooke City, must be in sealed con- tainers or packages, which must not be broken in transit. 12. Miscellaneous-Automobiles are not permitted in the park. Persons are not allowed to bathe near any of the regularly traveled roads in the park without suitable bathing clothes. 13. Penalty.—The penalty for disregard of these instructions is summary ejection from the park. Notices.—(a) Boat trip on Yellowstone Lake: The excursion boat on Yellowstone Lake plying between the Lake Hotel and the Thumb lunch station at the West Bay is not a part of the regular transporta- tion of the park, and an extra charge is made by the boat company for this service. * (b) Side trips in park: Information relative to side trips in the park and the cost thereof can be procured from those authorized to transport passengers through or to provide for camping parties in the park, also at the office of the superintendent. (c) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., rendered in the reservation should be made to the superintendent in writing. - O WASHINGTON i GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE * 1918 Ll Fr Y. 919). i. 2 & 0 6 F 7;* UNIV. of MICHICAN. , AUG 11 1913 20, A. Y) ~~~/. /* a 4-----e-a-, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, - OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY * GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SEASON OF 1913 GENERAL STATEMENT, The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, with a small area in Montana and Idaho. It was created by the act of March 1, 1872, and has an area of 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, but it is patrolled by four troops of Cavalry commanded by a line officer of the Army, assisted by a number of civilian scouts. Road and bridge construction and road sprinkling are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. - General information may be obtained at the superintendent's office at Fort Yellowstone, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., and complaints regarding service should be addressed to that officer. The tourist season extends from June 15 to September 15. - The transportation companies allow each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and § out by another route. - -- 4- Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rubbers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be - taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located 5 miles from the northern entrance. Those entering from the west should have their mail addressed to Yellowstone, Mont. Telegrams may be sent from hotels to *#. part of the world. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, and outlet of Yellowstone Lake, - 91845°–13—l 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont.; the Oregon Short Line Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 63 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. Excursion tickets are sold during the park season. TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE PARK, Automobiles and motor cycles are not allowed in the park, except in the northwest corner on a road leading from Bozeman, Mont., to the southern portion of Gallatin County, Mont. This road is not on the regular tourist route. There are a number of hotels, permanent camps, and transportation lines operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior, and movable camps operate under yearly license issued by the department, but every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 33–36. Five and one- half days is the minimum time in which the tour of the park ...” made. Persons starting on the tour of the park by way of the movable camps can not obtain accommodations at the hotels except in cases of sickness or exceptional circumstances. Circulars and , information may be obtained from the concessioners whose addresses are given in this circular. Tourists are advised to arrange in advance for their hotel or camp accommodations. * , YELLOWSTONE PARIK HOTEL co. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains five hotels and two lunch stations in the park. The hotels are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Lower Geyser Basin, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow- stone; the lunch stations are located at Norris Geyser Basin and the Thumb of the Lake. These hotels are operated in connection with the Yellowstone National Park Transportation Co., whose coaches start from the northern entrance at Gardiner; the Monida & Yellow- stone Transportation Co., whose coaches start from the western entrance at Yellowstone; and the Holm Transportation Co.; whose coaches start from Cody, Wyo. * The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 15, and JHelena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: Rates of the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. - EIOTEL CHARGES. Board and lodging, regular accom- Extra for room with bath, each per- modations, not exceeding, per son, per day. ------------------ 1. day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5.00 | Meals or lodgings, part of a day, Board and lodging, extra accom- each.--------------------------- 1:25 modations not covered by the Meals served in rooms, extra, each. , 50 regular rate, such sum in excess Shaving-------------------------- . 25 of $5 per day as may be agreed Hair cutting---------------------- . 50 upon between the guests and the Shampooing, men.--------------. . 50 COIn Oan W. Dry shampoo, ladies............... 1. 00 pany ry p YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 3 HoTEL CHARGEs—continued. w Wet shampoo, ladies...... . . . . . . . . $1.25 | Chiropody: Scalp treatment-------------.. ... 1.00 In shop-------* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $1.50 Face massage: In private rooms, in hotel, Men.------------------------- ... 5 extra----------------------- 50 Women----------------------- 1.00 | Bath----------------------------- . 50 Almond or clay pack-------------- 1. 50 | Boot blacking--------------. . . . . . . 10 Ladies' plain hair dressing. . . . . . . . . 50 | Billiards: Ladies' fancy hair dressing ... 1.00 to 2.00 Per game-------------------- . 25 Singeing-------------------------- .50 Per hour--------------------- - 60 Manicuring.................. . 75 to 1.00 - NEWS STANDS. Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS. From all points in the United States (except Helena, Mont.) to Helena, Mont., at Western Union rates; Helena to Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park Hotel Co., charge of 25 cents for first 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word; Helena to other points in Yellowstone National Park, charge of 50 cents for first 10 words and 3 cents for each additional word. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. - TELEPHONE MESSAGES. . Use of telephone from or to any point in the park, not to exceed 1 minute, 25 cents. Each additional minute, 15 cents. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK TEANSPORTATION CO. The Yellowstone National Park Transportation Co. operates a transportation line from Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrance, in connection with the hotels. The stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 15; thereafter, Helena, Mont. The author- ized rates are as follows: * Transportation rates of the Yellowstone National Park Transportation Co. * * ROUND TRIPS. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and return, with stop-over privileges. . . . . . $18.00 Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and Grand Canyon, and return with stop- over privileges.---------------------------------------------------- . 00 Round trip of park, via Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb of Lake, Lake, Grand Canyon, and Norris, with stop-over privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 SINGLE TRIPS. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Norris to—Continued. Gardiner-------------------- $1.50 Grand Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.50 Norris----------------------- 4.00 ake------------------------ 8. 50 Fountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 50 | Fountain to— Upper Basin.................. 9. 00 Upper Basin............ . . . . . . 1.50 Grand Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 50 Norris----------------------- 3. 50 Lake------------------------ 12. 50 Grand Canyon.----..... . . . . . . 7.00 Thumb------------------ . . . . 15.50 Mammoth Hot Springs-- - - - - - - 7. 50 Norris to— Upper Basin to— Upper Basin............ . . . . . . 5.00 Fountain--------------------- 1. 50 Fountain........-----. . . . . . . . 3. 50 Norris... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 00 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, SINGLE TRIPs—continued. Upper Basin to—Continued. Grand Canyon........ -------. $8.50 Mammoth Hot Springs- - - - - - - 9. 00 Lake to- Grand Canyon..... . . . . . . . . . . 5. 00 Norris----------------------- 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . 12. 50 Upper Basin.----------------- 13. 50 e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *, *s s = * $3.50 Fountain.....---------..... -- 7.00 Upper Basin.-----------. . . . . . . 8.50 Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . 7. 50 Lake.------------------.* - - - - 5.00 CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSEs, GUIDES, ETC. Saddle horse: - - Seats in conveyance for drive— er day---------------------- $3.50 Continued. First hour.................... 1.00 To Inspiration Point at Can- Each subsequent hour. . . . . . . . 50 YOſl- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $1.00 Carriages or surrey, capacity of To Artists Point at Canyon... 1.00 three seats, at Mammoth, Can- Over formation at Mammoth yon, Fountain, and Upper Basin: Hot, ; * & L & E & & E º ºs e º e º 'º e * 1.00 Per day.............. . . . . . . . . 10.00 || Guide, with saddle horse, per day. 5.00 First hour......... . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Packer, with saddle horse, per day. 5.00 Each subsequent hour. . . . . . . 2.00 | Cook, with saddle horse, per day... 5.00 Seats in conveyance for drive: Pack horses, each, per day........ 1.50 Over formation at Fountain, Mount Washburn, round trip, from each. --------------------- . 50 Grand Canyon..... ------------ 5. 00 Over formation at Upper Gey- ser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 f'ARK TRIPS. One vehicle, seat 3, two horses Vehicle per diem rates one-half of above and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . $15. 00 for all time over five days. One vehicle, seat 5, four horses Driver boarded and horses stabled and fed and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . 25, 00 by and at expense of transportation One vehicle, seat 7, four horses company. * and driver, per day. - - - - - - - - - - 30. 00 For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. MONIDA & YELLOWSTONE STAGE CO. The Monida & Yellowstone Stage Co. operates a transportation line from Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance, in connection with the hotels. The stages run º address of this company is Yellowstone, M during the season. The ont., between June 15 and September 15; thereafter St. Paul, Minn. The authorized rates are as follows: r Transportation rates of the Monida & Yellowstone Stage Co. ROUND TRIPS. Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to- Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, and return, with stop-over privileges.... $10.00 Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, return to western entrance, with stop-over privileges.. - e Wºº & º e º ſº e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e e tº us as 20, 00 In connection with above round-trip ticket, Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs and return,-,-,-,-,-,-, ..…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * e YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. THROUGH TRIP.” Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to- - ** Gardiner (northern entrance). via Fountain, Upper-Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Mammoth Hot Springs, with, stop-over privileges-------------------------- - Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn, extra............ SINGLE TRIPs.” Oregon Short Line terminus (near western entrance) to— Fountain----------- $5.00 Upper Basin ---------------- 6. 50 umb--------------------- 10. 50 Lake.---------------------- 13. 50 Canyon via Lake............ 18. 50 Canyon via Norris..... . . . . . . I0, 00 Norris---------------------- 6. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 10. 50 Gardiner------------------- 12. 00. Fountain to— Upper Basin------------...--- 1. 50 Norris...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3. 50 Canyon via Norris..... . . . . . . 7. 00 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 7. 50 Gardiner. ------------------ 9. 00 Western entrance. . . . . . . . . . - 5.00 Upper Basin to— Thumb--------------------- 4.00 Lake.---------------------. 7.00 Canyon via Lake............ 12. 00 Canyon via Norris........... 8.50 Norris---------------------- 5. 00 Mammoth Hot Springs..... ... 9.00 rdiner------------------- 10. 50 Western entrance. . . . . . . ..... 6.50 STOP-OVER All passengers are granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping Fº in the park without extra charge or transportation. Parties can retain their surrey or coach for their use on lay- over days at the following rates: Three-passenger two-horse surrey and driver, per da Five-passenger two-horse surrey .#driver, per day $7.50 10. 00 tº s s a sº s ºr w s s. s. PARK Tººgº. two-horse surrey and driver, per º e is gº e s º e s tº a $15.00 Five-passenger two-horse surrey and driver, per day........... 20.00 Five-passenger four-horse coach . and driver, per day 25.00 Seven-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day 0, 00 as as e º ºs ºs e s s as a s is a e s -- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * $25.00 7, 50 Lake to- - Canyon---------------------- $5.00 Thumb--------------------- 3.00 Upper Basin----------------- 7.00 Norris via Canyon..... . . . . . . 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs....... 12. 50 Gardiner------------------- 14.00 Western entrance. . . . . . . . . . . 15, 00 Canyon to— . * Norris.--------------------. 3. 50 Lake----------------------- 5.00 Fountain---------- 7.00 Upper Basin--------------, -- 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs.------- 7. 50 Gardiner------------------. 9. 00 Western entrance via Norris... 10.00 Norris to— ” Western entrance. . . . . . . . . . . 6. 50 Fountain-------------------- 3. 50 Upper Basin----------------- 5.00 Canyon---------------------- 3. 50 Lake via Canyon..... . . . . . . . 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs . . . . . . 4.00 Gardiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 50 PRIVILEGES. Five-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . $12.50 Seven-passenger four-horse coach and driver, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . 00 The five and seven-passenger four-horse coaches will accommodate 8 and 11, respectively. .* TRIPS. For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. One-half the above rates per diem for all time over five days. Expense of boarding driv- ers and horses included. - e = * * * * * * * * * s e = * * * * * * * * *Tnese trips include drives at Fountain and Upper Basin, also ride at Grand Canyon, to Inspiration Ulril. Point, and ret * Parties requesting single trips in opposite direction from the regular stage route will consist of sufficient number to fill a minimum conveyance (3 passengers) or pay for vacant space at above rates. 6 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSEs, GUIDES, ETC. Carriage or surrey, 3 seats, for use Saddle horse: * in vicinity of western entrance, Per day--------------------- $3.50 Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, First hour......... -- - - - - - - - . 1.00 Canyon, Norris, or Mammoth: Each subsequent hour..... . . . 50 Per day........... . . . . . . . . . . $10.00 Guide, with saddle horse, per day. 5.00 First hour........... . . . . . . . . 4.00 | Packer, with saddle horse, per Each subsequent hour--- - - - - 2. 00 J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. 00 Seats in conveyance for drive: Cook, with saddle horse, per day. - 5.00 Over formation at Fountain, Pack horse, each, per day...... . . 1. 50 each----------------------- . 50 || Mount Washburn, round trip, Over formation at Upper Gey- from Grand Canyon, each...... 5. 00 Ser Basin, each...... -- - - - - . 50 To Inspiration Point at Can- yon, each------------------ 1. 00 To Artists Point at Canyon, each----------------------- 1. 00 EIOLIMI TRANSPORTATION CO. The Holm Transportation Co. operates a transportation line from Cody, Wyo., through the eastern entrance in connection with the hotels and the Wylie permanent camps. Stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Cody, Wyo. The auto- mobiles of the Holm Transportation Co. leave Cody each day durin the season, transporting passengers to Holm Lodge. The authorize rates are as follows: - Transportation rates of the Holm Transportation Co. STAGE ROUTE FARES-SINGLE TRIPS. Eastern entrance, Sylvan Pass, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Lake Hotel, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (5 days) -----------............ $25.00 Eastern entrance, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Norris, Mam- moth Hot sº and northern entrance (5 days) . . . . . . . . . .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25. 00 Eastern entrance, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Norris, Yellow- stone (5 days)-------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25.00 Canyon to eastern entrance (1 day) --------------------------------------- 5. 00 Eastern entrance to Canyon (1 day). -------------------------------------- 5. 00 Ten-day horseback tour (stopping at park hotels, making tour by easy rides; • will not make trip for less than 2 persons), $5 per day, which includes guide. Eastern entrance, Sylvan Pass, Lake, Thumb, Upper Geyser Basin, Foun- tain, Gibbon, Norris, Canyon, Lake, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (10 days). 50.00 An additional charge is made for transportation between Cody and the eastern entrance. As this trip is outside the park, the department has no control over the rates. STOP-OVER PRIVILEGES. All passengers are granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping places in the park without extra charge for transportation. Parties can retain surrey for their use on lay-over days at the following rates: Three-passenger 2-horse surrey, and driver, per day........................... $7.50 Five-passenger 2-horse surrey, and driver, per day.......................... 10. 00 CARRIAGES, GUIDES, SADDLE HORSES, ETC. Saddle horse, per day....------------------------------------------------ $3.50 Guide, with saddle horse, per .# & º ſº º tº & * * * = • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. 00 Seats in conveyances from Lake Hotel to eastern entrance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 5. 00 Mount Washburn, round trip, from Grand Canyon -------------------------- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 7 PARK TRIPS, One vehicle, seat 3, 2 horses and driver, per day................ . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00 One vehicle, seat 5, 2 horses and driver, per day......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. Vehicle per diem rates one-half of above for all time over 5 days. Driver boarded and horses stabled and fed by and at expense of transportation company. WYLLE PERMANENT CAMPING Co. The Wylie Permanent Camping Co. maintains permanent camps in the park and operates a transportation line from 6. (northern entrance), Yellowstone (western entrance), and Camp Cody (eastern entrance). The camps are located at Swan Lake Basin, Riverside (western entrance), Upper Geyser Basin, outlet of Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the §. eastern entrance, and Tower Falls. In addition, lunch stations are maintained at the Gibbon Geyser Basin and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. Stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: - Rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by the Wylie Permanent Co.. amping Co. TOUR.S. Six-day park tour, from Gardiner, and return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $40.00 Six-day park tour, from Yellowstone, including Mammoth Hot Springs, and return. -------------------------------------------------------------- 40.00 Six-day park tour, from Gardiner, via Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser * Basin, Lake, Canyon, to Yellowstone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 00 Five-day ſoark tour, from Yellowstone, via Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Mammoth Hot Springs, to Gardiner....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.00 Five-day park tour, from º Cody, via Lake, Thumb, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon, Canyon, Norris, and Mammoth Hot Springs, to Gardiner. . . . . . . . . . . 44.50 Six-day park tour, from Camp Cody, and return, including Mammoth Hot Springs- - - - - - - ------------------------------ ------------------ - - - - - - 1 47.00 Six-day park tour, from Gardiner, via Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake, Norris, Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Lake, to Camp Cody---------------------------------------------------------- 1 49.00 Five-day park tour, from Yellowstone, via Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, and return--------------------------------------------- 35, 00 Five-day park tour, from Camp Cody, via Lake, Canyon, Norris, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, and return...................... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 38.75 Five-day park tour, from Camp Cody, via Lake, Canyon, Norris, Swan Lake, Mammoth Hot Springs, Norris, Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, and return via Gibbon to Yellowstone.-------------------------------------------- 143.00 Four-dayd: tour, from Camp Cody, via Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, and Gibbon to Yellowstone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 33, 75 Four-day park tour, from Yellowstone, via Gibbon, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Lake, to Camp Cody. ... ----------------------. . . 1 38, 75 Three-day park tour, from Camp Cody, via Lake, Canyon, Norris, and Gibbon, to Yellowstone------------------------------------------------------- 1 25, 50 Three-day # tour, from Camp Cody, via Lake, Canyon, Norris, Swan Lake, - Mammoth Hot Springs, to Gardiner....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 28, 50 Each of the above tours includes transportation, board, and lodging for each É. For children under 10 years of age, these rates above are to be one-half amount stated. Time in addition to regularitinerary, board and lodging, per day, each. . . . . . 3. 00 Mountain spring wagon § seats), 2 horses and driver, when retained during overtime, per day (additional to $3).................... ---------------- 5. 00 Concord coach (4 seats), 4 horses and driver, when retained during over- time, per day (additional to $3). . . . . . . . * = < * * * * * * * * * * * * = • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8. 00 1 Transportation between Cody and º Cody $3 additional one way and $3.75 additional for the round trip. These rates cover service outside the park and are not subject to regulation by the Department. They are given simply as a matter of general information. 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. LOCAL TRANSPORTATION RATES. . Gardiner to Swan Lake. . . . . . . . . . . $3.00 || Yellowstone Camp to Gibbon Swan, Lake to Upper Geyser Camp-------------------------- $3.00 asin. -------------------- ... - 5.00 Gibbon Camp to Norris......... -- 2.00 tºº. Geyser Basin to Thumb of Gibbon Camp to Upper Geyser * ake-------------------------- 4 Basin------------------------- 3.00 Thumb to Lake Outlet (Lake Yellowstone Camp to Upper Geyser Camp).------------------------ 3.00 | Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . s as a e = * * * * * * * * 5. 00 Lake tº to Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 || Gardiner to Camp Roosevelt...... 4.00 Canyon to Swan Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Canyon, to Camp Roosevelt via Canyon to Norris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Dunraven Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Norris to Swan Lake...... . . . . . . . . 2.00 Lake to Camp Cody (eastern en- Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs. 3. 50 trance).----------------------- 5. 00 MISCELLANTEOUS. CELARGES. Saddle horses, per day. ------------------------------------------------. $3.00 Sulphur baths at Camp Roosevelt and Upper Geyser Basin and baths else- where, each----------------------------------------------------------- Board and lodging, per day, each person. . . . . & - - - - - - e s e * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * T 3.00 Single meals, per person......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * = • * * * * * * * * * * 4 * ~ * = ~ * = . 75 Lodging, per person. . . . . . . . . . . .* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.00 Feeding horses, oats or hay, per feed, each horse-...--..... * - - - - - - * * * * = * * * * = . 50 Trunks hauled between Oregon Short Line terminus and Yellowstone Camp, each Way.------------------------------------------------------------ . 25 Bicycles may be carried at a cost between stations, each. . . . .............. 50 SHIAW & POWELL CAMPING CO. The Shaw & Powell Camping Co. maintains permanent camps and operates a transportation line from Gardiner (northern entrance) and Yellowstone (western entrance). . The camps are located at the following §: Near Obsidian Bridge, near Gibbon Falls, near Fountain Soldier Station, near Old Faithful Geyser, at the west Thumb of the Lake, near outlet of Yellowstone Lake, at Grand Canyon, and near Tower Falls. A lunch station is maintained on Madison River. Stages run daily through the season. The address. #. company is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as OLLOWS : - * Schedule of rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by Shaw & Powell Camping Co. - From Gardiner (northern entrance): Five and one-half day trip--------------------------................... $30.00 Six and one-half day trip--------------------... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35. 00 To Willow Creek Camp and return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. 50 To Norris Camp and return--------------------...-------.............. 15. 00 To Canyon Camp and return.-----------.............................. 20.00 To Old Faithful Camp and return..................................... 20.00 From Yellowstone (western entrance): - Five-day trip via Nez Perce and Canyon..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 Six-day trip embracing Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …....... 35. 00 Eight-day trip embracing Mammoth Hot Springs and Tower Falls. . . . . . . 40. 00 To Lower Geyser Basin and return.................................... 7.00 To Old Faithful Camp and return..................................... 15, 00 Unless otherwise specified, rates include meals and lodging. Children under 10 years, one-half rate. Trunks of tourists, station to hotel and return, free. Extra stay at camps, per day---------------------------------------....... 3.00 Extra stay at camps, per day, with team---------------.................... 5. 00 . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, - 9 LOCAL TRANSPORTATION RATES. Gardiner to Willow Creek Camp... $2.75 Lake Camp to Canyon.... . . . . . . . $2.75 Willow Creek to Nez Perce Camp. 3. Canyon to Willow Creek Camp. . 2, 75 Nez Perce to Old Faithful Camp. 3.25 | Willow Creek to Gardiner..... . . . 2.75 Old Faithful Camp to Thumb Canyon to Tower Falls. . . . . . . . . . 3. 50 Lunch Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 75 || Tower Falls to Gardiner. . . . . . . . . 3. 50 Thumb to Lake Camp........... 2. 50 MISCELLANEOUS. Board and lodging for detached Saddle horses, per day..... ------ $3.00 persons, per º each--------- $3.00 Feeding horses oats, per feed. . . . . . 40 Lodging, per person... . . . . . . . . . . . 75 | Feeding horses hay, per feed..... . 40 Single meal.-------------------- . 75 PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMIPING PARTIES. The persons named below hold licenses allowing them to conduct camping parties through the park. These persons do not furnish daily service, but make trips on certain specified dates or special trips as arranged. Additional information may be obtained by addressing the fiºsº * * Authorized rates of W. H. Jordan. [Address, Cody, Wyo.] * 18-day trip from Cody, through the park and return to Cody, including trans- ortation and board and lodging in camp, per person... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $72.00 Additional per day for stopovers at points of interest, per person. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Extra charge for Saddle horse, per day.................................... 1, 00 «P Authorized rates of Howard Eaton. - [Address, Wolf, Wyo.] 20-day trip from Gardiner, through the park and return to Gardiner, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, per person. . . . . . . . 1 - - - - - - - $150.00 Authorized rates of Frost and Richard. * [Address, Cody, Wyo.] 16-day trip from Cody, through the park and return to Cody, including trans- ortation and board and lodging in camp, per person........ . . . . . . . . . . . . $80.00 Additional per day for stopovers at points of interest, per person............ 5. 00 Extra charge for saddle horse, per day: & With seat in coach...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 00 . Without seat in coach.... . . . . . . . . . . . ‘-------------------------------- 1.00 28-day trip from Cody, through the park, to Jackson Hole and return, per person----------------------------------------------------------------- 140.00 RATES FOR SPECIAL PARTIES. 2 to 5 persons, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, each person per day-----------------------------------------.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $10.00 6 to 10 persons, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, each person per day------------------------------ -\- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8. 00 11 to 15 persons, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, each - person per day---------------------- ----------------------------------- 6. 00 Over 15 persons, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, each person per day • * * * * * * s se e s s tº s e º e º 'º e º ºr * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 5, 00 91845°–13—2 . - - 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Authorized rates of B. D. Sheffield. [Address, Moran, Wyo.] Trip from northern or western entrance to lodge on Jackson Lake, including board at hotels in the park (regular accommodations not in excess of $5 per day) and transportation, 1 person--------------------- . . . . . . . . . $15.00 Trip as above, 2 persons in party, each - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12. 50 Trip as above, 3 or more persons in party, each..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I0. 00 Extra charge for Saddle horse, per day........... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. 00 Authorized rates of Charles C. Moore. [Address, Fort Washakie, Wyo.] 60-day trip from ranch to park by way of southern entrance, including board and lodging in camp, transportation, Saddle horse, etc., per person..... . . . $360, 00 On this trip 14 days are spent in the park; the balance of the time is spent in Jack- son Hole and the mountains south of the park. Authorized rates of Old Faithful Camping Co. [Address, Livingston, Mont.] Six-day trip from Gardiner through the park and return to Gardiner, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, per person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, per person . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 2.00 Two or three day trip to Grand Canyon and return- - - - - - - - - - -* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20.00 Children under 10 years of age at half rate on all trips. Authorized rates of Roseborough Camping Co. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] 6%-day trip from Gardiner through the park and return to Gardiner, Mont., - including transportation and board and lodging in ‘...; er person.---> -- $30.00 6-day trip through the park from Yellowstone, Mont., inc id: transportation and board and lodging in camp, per person............................ * = Russell Crane (Meeteetse, Wyo.), James L. McLaughlin (Valley, Wyo.), and Frank A. Gross (302. Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.), have made application for permits to personally conduct parties through the park, but the rates have not been submitted for approval. IBOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE. The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates power boats, cruisers, launches, and row- boats on Yellowstone Lake in the Yellowstone National Park. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the Fº and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule hereafter, y the boat company for services rendered by it. Under the regula- tions of the department no power boats are permitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat-Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. Rates of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. ~, POWER BOATS . Lake Hotel to West Arm (Thumb) of Yellowstone Lake, or reverse of such trip. $2.50 Excursions to Southeast Arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less . than $20)--------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 00 33-foot cabin cruiser, with crew, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35. 00 For two or more days, per day............................................... 25. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 16-foot and 18-foot launches: er Clay - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $15.00 For first hour--------------------------------------------------------- 3. 00 For each additional hour---------------------------------------------- 2. 00 Over six hours, day rates charged. * ROWBOATS. Rowboats: Per day------------------------------------------------------------ * ... $2.00 For first hour....... & sº e a s = e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . 50 For each additional hour----------------------------------------------- . 25 Over six hours, day rates charged. Oarsmen: Per hour-------------------------------------------------------------- - 50 Per day-------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 00 Boat rental and services of oarsmen and motor boat and attendants’ time commences from the moment of leaving the dock until return. Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net, per day. . . . . . .----------- IFISHING TACKLE. 50 Same free to each individual hiring launches. Charge may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies sold from 5 to 25 cents, according to quality. Fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST. POINTS ON CIRCULAR, TOUR. { ſº Points of interest and distances on circular tour from Gardiner, Mont., north entrance. Distance|*...* Altitude Name. between | . . above sea Remarks. points. Gardinet. level. Miles. Miles. Feet. Gardiner............... - - - 5,300 | Terminus of branchline of Northern Pacific R. R.; entrance arch. Campers register at soldier sta- tion. Guides, horses, outfit, and supplies may be purchased in town. Fair tº: place town. Road follows Gardiner River. No camps allowed between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. Mammoth Hot Springs 5 5 6,264 Large and beautiful hot springs and formations Fort Yellowstone, (see p. 23). Headquarters of troops stationed Mammoth Hotel. in the park, U. S. commissioner's office, post office, and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be obtained. herd of tame buffalo may be seen 1 milesouth. Good camping place - near buffalo corral. For side trips see pp. 14–22. Hºs and Silver 3 8 7,000 || Fine scenery and difficult road building. 8te. Golden Gate and Rus- 1 9 7,245 | Bunsen Peak on east. Beautiful scenery and re- tic Falls (70 feet). markable road building. Entrance to Swan Lake Valley. Fishing for brook trout in Glen º Creek. Camps not permitted, account water S supply for Fort Yellowstone. ; * * * * * * * * * * * ; }} } ; From Wylie Camp south to Apollinaris Spring iii.ow Park...I.I.I.I. 3 14 7.300 excellent camping places are frequent and the Apollinaris Si ring * * * * * 1. 15 7.300 streams along the road abound in brook trout. * * * * * y Obsidian Cliff... . . . . . . . 2 17 7,350 | A cliff composed of shining black glass. Beaver Lake. . . . . . . . . . . % 17% 7,315 || Many beaver dams. Fair camping place about - 1 mile South of Beaver Lake. Roaring Mountain..... 3 20% 7,550 | Powerful steam vent. Twin Lakes. . . . . . . . . . . % 21 7,513 || 2 ponds of a peculiar color, one blue, one green. Bijah Spring........... 1 22 7,500 || Fair camping place south of Bijah Spring. Tyingpan.------------ 1 23 7,500 | Hotspring. - - Norris Geyser Basin; 2 * 25 7,470 | See, p. 23. Soldier station. Good camping hotel lunch station. É. on canyon road near junction of roads. oute lies down Gibbon River from Norris Basin. Good fishing for rainbow trout in the fiver. 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Points of interest and distances on cir cular tour from Gardiner, Mont., north entrance— Continued. Distance|*...*|Altitude Name. between from above sea Remarks. Points. Gardiner. Miles. Miles. Feet. ãº. * | * | #: ibbon Meadows. . . . . . 7,315 - Aſſºgibbon Paint 1 ; ###|Good camping places. 0U. Gibbon Canyon........l..........l.................... Beryl Spring... . . . . . . . . 1 30 7,296 || Hot spring. Soda and Iron Springs.. 3 33 7, 100 || Cold spring. Gibbon Falls (80 feet).. } 33% 7,000 Canyon Creek. . . . . . . . . . # 34 6,910 || Good camping place. Gibbon lunch station 1 35 Road to the west leads to western entrance. y110). CaScades of Firehole 4} 39% 7,092 || Road on west from western entrance, Good River. camping places along the Firehole River mile before reaching Soldier station. Goo fishing for eastern brook, ven, Von Hehr, native and rainbow trout, and whitefish. Nez Perce Creek. . . . . . . 3} 43 7, 150 | Soldier station. Lower Geyser Basin; 2 45 7,240 . 23. Good fishing in Firehole River and Fountain Hotel. adjacent small streams. Good camp # mile east of Soldier station on Nez Perce Creek, 2 miles west on Sentinel Creek, and toward # tipper Basin on old road about 1 mile. For side trips see p. 22. Excelsior Geyser....... 3 48 7,233 Gºning. Good camping place about 3 mile * SOlltſl. Biscuit Basin. . . . . . . . . . 8 51 || 7,300 gºshing and good camping place. Upº Geyser Basin; 3 54 7,330 | See p. 24. ld Faithful Inn; Soldier station; general store; photograph shop. ‘Wylie Camp. Good fishing in Firehole River and branches. Good camp at Riverside Geyser, and about 3 mile south on road to Thumb. For side trips see p. 22. Kepler Cascade....... . 2 56 7,550 Lone Star Road. . . . . . . . 1} 57% 7,600 | Lone Star Geyser # mile south of main road. Plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes; height, 40 to 60 feet. Good fishing and excel- - lent oamp sites in the vicinity. Continental Divide..... 5 62% 8,240 De Lacy Creek......... 1 63% 7,850 | Good camping place. Shoshone Point. . . . . . . . 1 64% ,000 || Fine view of Tétons and Shoshone Lake. Continental Divide. 5 69% 8,345 #..}.• * * * * - - - - - - - - 2} 72 7,850 | Good fishinig for native trout. Thumb of Yellowstone 1 73 17,741 | Soldier station. Small geysers, hot springs, and Lake; hotel lunch aint pots. Tourists can take boat to Lake station; Wylie lunch otel, for which an additional charge is made. station. Road from Jackson Hole joins main belt line here. Fishing for native trout in lake. Camp- ing place 3 mile west on ºper Basin Road and 2 miles toward Lake Hotel. - For side trips see p. 22. Arnica Creek. .......... 5% 78% 7,750 | Camp site. - Natural bridge-----...- 6 84% Camp site; other camps about 13% and 15 miles Bridge Creek...........|ſ * | *2 |- - - - - - - - - - from Thumb. - Yellowstone L. a ke 4% 89 17,741 | Soldier station; general store. Fishing in lake Hotel, Wylie Camp. from shore or boats. º For side trips see8. 22. Lake outlet............ 1 90 7,800 || Road to east for Cody, Wyo. ud Volcano.......... 6% 96% 7,705 Grotto Springs.------...- # 97 7,700 ||From a point about 2 miles north of the lake out- Sulphur Mountain 3. . . . } 7,600 let good camping places are found as far as Alum Hayden Valley 3....... s sº a e - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * 2 Creek; also goo hing for native trout. Alum Creek------...... 5 102 7,650 - Grant Canyon of the 3 105 7,850 | Soldier station. Upper falls of Yellowstone Yellowstone River; River, 109 feet; lower falls, .308 feet. Fair Canyon Hotel; Wylie camping places across concrete bridge above Camp. upper #if: and in the vicinity of the soldier station. Fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek., TBranch road to Mount Wash- & burn leaves main belt line at Canyon Junction, leading past the new Canyon Hotel. • For side trips see p. 22. Virginia Meadows...... 9 114 7,765 G; º place and good fishing for eastern rOOk trout. Virginia Cascade....... 1 115 7,500 || Fishing for rainbow trout below the cascade. Norris Geyser Basin.... 3 118 7,470 | See p. 11. Mammoth Hot Springs. 20 138 y See p. 11. Gardiner............... 5 143 5,300 | See p. 11. → 1 Altitude of water Surface. * Off main road. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 13 | Points of interest and distances between Canyon Hotel and Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower Falls. tº: Distance Pºe Name. between Canyon Altitude. Remarks. points. | #. - Miles. Miles. Feet. Canyon Hotel.......... - - 7,850 Road usually not open until J§ 1. Dunraven cut-off...... 7 7 8,800 | Good camping place; route via Dunraven cut-off is 3 miles shorter than route over top of moun- i tain here given. Top of Mount Wash- 4. 11 10,000 || Fine view from top on clear day, including burn. Yellowstone Lake, Tetons, and high moun- tains in all directions. Tower Falls Road...... 3 14 8,650 Tower Falls (132 feet).. 6% 6,400 || Beautiful scenery; fine fishing for native trout in - Yellowstone River; good camping place. Soldier station, Wylie 2 22} 6, 150 | Good camping place. ermanent camp. Petrified trees. . . . . . . . . 1 23% 6,500 Do. Blacktail Deer Creek. . . 11% 35 6,550 | Good fishing for native and Rainbow trout; trail for third canyon of the Yellowstone, 3 miles; good camping place. Lava Creek, Undine 3 38 6,400 | Good fishing for native and Eastern brook trout; Falls (60 feet). good camping place. Mammoth Hot Springs. 5 43 6,264 Points of interest and distances from Yellowstone, Mont., western entrance. Distance Dºe Altitude & Name, between | y.º. | above Remarks. ints, stone. ** level. Miles Miles. Feet. Yellowstone, Mont............... • * * * * * * = 6,676 | Terminus of branch line of Oregon Short Line Ry. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park º may be secured here. River side Camp 2 2 6,550)|| Good camping º are found at following dis- Wylie). * tances from Yellowstone: 3 miles, iles, Soldier station......... 1 3 6,550 12 miles, and 13 miles. Fine fishing for Gray. Junction of Gibbon and 10 13 6,700 ling, whitefish; native Eastern brook, Loch Firehole Rivers. Leven, ehr, and Rainbow trout in - - Madison, Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers. Canyon Creek; Gibbon 4 17 6,910 | Good camping place. lunch station(Wylie). (For distances and oints of interest from ibbon lunch station, See p. 12.) Yellowstone to Cas- 15% 15% 7,092 cades of the Firehole River direct via road t up Firehole River. Lower Geyser, Basin, 5% 21. 7,240 Fountain Hotel. (For distances and ints of interest from ountain Hotel, see p. 12.) - 14 YELLowsToNE NATIONAL PARK. Points of interest and distances from Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance. Distance | Distance | Altitude - Place. between | from above Remarks. - points. Cody. sea level. Miles. Miles. Feet. Cody, Wyo. . . . . . . . . . . . - 5,000 || Terminus of branch line of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. Guides, outfits, and camping iº. may be purchased in town. Road leads over high pass and usually not open - before July 1. Eastern entrance. . . . . . . 63 , 63 7,000 | Soldier station; good camping place 1 mile west. Sylvan Pass........... 8 71 8,650 || Beautiful mountain Scenery. Sylvan Lake........... 1 72 8,350 | Good camping place. Cub Creek............. 4 76 8,500 | Good camping place; also 4 miles farther west. Turbid Lake........... 7 83 7,900 || Lake with steam vents in bottom. Good camp- * ing place; also 3 miles farther west. Lake Hotel... ---------- 8 91 17,741 - (For distances and ints of interest from ake Hotel, see p. 12.) 1 Altitude of water surface. Points of interest and distances from Jackson, Wyo., via southern entrance. * Distance | Distance || Altitude * Name. between | from above Remarks. points. Jackson. sea level. Miles. Miles. Feet. Jackson * * ~ I e s = * * * * * * * * Southern entrance..... 25 25 6,850 | Soldier station; good camping place; mouth of * • Snake River. Fishing in Lewis Lake and River, and in Snake River, for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and Lake trout. Lewis Falls (upper, 80 9 34 7,750 | Camping place, 1 mile south. feet; lower, 50feet). Lewis Lake, south end. 2 36 17, 720 | Camping place 2 miles north. Trail to Shoshone Lake. 5 41 7,800 | Camping place 1 mile south. Continental Divide..... 2% 43} 8,000 Thumb of Lake........ 4% 48 1 7,741 Camping place 1% miles south. (For points of interest and distanc Thumb of Lake, see p. 12.) 1 Altitude of water surface. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SIPRINGS. Around Bunsen Peak.--Twelve miles by a one-way wagon road, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in º sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. § not necessary. - Buffalo herds (tame).--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. One hundred and thirty-nine head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. No accommodations nearer than Wylie Camp Roosevelt (12 miles), but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. Tower Falls (182 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Accommodations at Wylie Camp Roosevelt, 2% miles from Tower Falls. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 15 Petrified stumps.-Seventeen miles by wagon road and three-fourths ile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by wagon road, thence 4 miles by trail. Guide needed. Northeastern portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellow- Š NSS to \o > cº, WNA-r ou <> \\z. -------" TS---> - Y- \\ sº. SS v-A Y. * º * § \ Šs | w tº-fe * Nº. w Sº º \ We § go g= * º G g tº- w * < gº :=3 *~ & } #23 *>< , f s § & +; 3 V : : N* * Cº- to c * 3. co wº > "T--~23 &; & *= - J: * g * * §§ *:: ū, ź % e; tº c- Xº- & & §, \, : A 's & v SS | # e. tº: ;: Yº. S$ 4- g lº tº 3 3 º & *- hu? §§ 5 Jº &; O º wº 2. 3 . © º p: 2: § s © .E tº º ; 3-4 # & *> Ç 3 ee § ſº . \; ; ; 3 o 7 * tº e É 9 § 3. e Ö g § " * Sº § : 0- o *s g .g gº 5 § {} W. Nº. 3 & -> s: on -> ſº tº : $o ... s. ºr cº º =; ſh- O Q. Sº Ö O a $ 2. E -º £4 º - 3. : go ūa T. i i |T § # i º s $: º *- §Sº Oe. * %ge. stone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. Wylie permanent camp (Roosevelt) on Lost Creek, 2% miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), provides accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Wagon road to Tower Falls and Soda. Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train sºld be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this rip. - 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. | . . MOUNTAIN CLIMBING. Electric Peak (10,800 feet). —Ten miles northwest by trail;.8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bunsen Peak (9,100 feet)."—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not necessary. olé & {{#: É * * º § $ * s alſº * §§ § #Sã {{\ . 3 § /*; § Ö & ! s—; | §, § Š s § - i. f : § º • * > .s É # º # e # § E #. / $ ** - $3 ars º § *... Sº ###/VS, 54 rº: \, * * º, e. #### É § \%, ’ *śń º lºs à V - • *.5 - - w *...*.*.*.*.*.* 2 '# (º § - š-šā āºš pº N2. §§ § { WY- § 3 ; $ $go's p? # tº # "#; § # Y# # S ## §§ re tº- o \ x- o º, ; Sº # § § | * * § §§ jz 3. º ; t * - B: s:=: § Q i.”ismon, Nº. _S : ### * 0. so ### 3 ## = § # * = 2: to o k. § z G = ſº #: rs º cº'ſ 5; ; ; ### § 69. ###| * * §§ *- : § º *... Q e- º ite º Ża - Wy 4 pny'ſ # º / i Mount Everts (7,900 feet). —Northeast. , Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance about 15 miles. No guide needed. Sepulchre Mountain (9,500 feet). —Seven miles west. Saddle horse can be ridden to top comfortably. Guide needed. Fine view. 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. stºl d e goo o TT 200 400 600 FEET Clengths Liberty Cap º TeRRAcg”* W Capitol Hill * © pring º ..ºpatrº ºg Diana **Spr. Spr. M!NERVA ºaiad ... $g sº Sprin. *. pring Aºrrow Gauge”. º *ś, * ~ *... * Main {44. TERRAcE 4. pull ſit Cheops Spr.” Act Blue * # reflraces * *.cs * & * £n prospect Cupid Cave *ś § tERRA y *P The Buttress e-g- * Canary Spring 9:ange Spring highland $ TERRACE *:::: Glen Spring gº Angel & º. TERRace & Bath Lake • * * & €3 & Painted Pool º wº- = }. Cottago hotº ſº ºf tº Cº. a SKETCH MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. 91845°–13—3 00.0II„01.0II20&gºſ! –:98000.–20ïsºſ.L.„Og,0II‘A ‘N “oo Đusºna salwod ºn'ı,00„III \，\J\„¿\\30A/y8_1^/5—Ē ):，:\\Ootor ºſ \ H_1008ºº！， ：）;| |-Z{9•）* XÕooue Hº}[A]øyw'r wynog→x?（OT ſiºſ2)2 ÎNºsº,$Țſaeg ∞Q095 £，>podfiņ7 pn\*Xa MolwegŅ§ > · z \\3ș <·: -o~Qș§ n w 3 L vºn 3 = N QL S H 9,4 || 33 0_%C ſtādi.īnŞ qooqfjo1999} %！«,ºs ‘n fiq aſ-ſoaſ qowo???ON ºvoqsmo112X fo đoyſș*? ~�angąmo-tąsą wąwupły po 4297||S’ ogųďouðodo I. va? ſ'y TººsvaeP rn§ .9†yzO 1 2§5/ >！uſw. 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'*}\Ų ºÈą）;•IHH ſodyuſwae; } W ºſppvsſºșwae 80 •ßpſıg,ſºyºIII H$ſſetºsaepvirſš 2! ***， 8：e#:№gº§§§§nyo&&woqquojº {¿7° §§§ 26% {{}}•?ar woņpaeſagae�*{gwoſè}gº·！JI@!）uopšņg qotra’ſ gțxxoN. ao@�-§§īáð!$ 5!§Ž{ F~~~~\\--№ſeo'\,\! ,^§/Sšºlo.}} *-->šºgg\!yºſº„”$$$øypſae ºqeae)§§##%}fºuq，ds ſoß *40∞ -ºſ)， zºN§ ooss*\„№tºzººſ rru%2;---§§§§§}Xicae uoląBA408qouſw.pų： souºs$ ſ odoot}Xueq|ue AtaendSJ \S§- 80 naºș^ & * N**-y-. 3. ſ >~ t 3-2A | 2 Specimen Lake / o 2. to º - Em. | tº < Suneºakº, w -E lº; ^{\--> flººgeºsº. º: s §§§roup w § ºf Sãashiº Z! j & ſº * t h - - scALE of FEET Myriad Group n T-I —T-I m T Q } 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 White geyſer. 6aºuntil fºs 8CALE of METER8 ~ * §: ...--N ... N F-r-ţ-r—t- --- 200 100 0 200 400 600 The Ruins' " $º aithful\ SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN. •llº?–r--ºf-ºdºrº #. 118°30' ; f TH - - | HELLBOARING Electri º \ & Heliºns & “ ectric Pk SA-A. P. - - H fift º NA sº-..— ...# *owles station tº e s & Sepuloher Mtn arºº º Š9 º º WYOMING ;"º Sº 3. Maº: § J k. ote * §. snow £4. 5240 :TB Gray Pk. t * º 10300 & #, & Fawn Pass 910 #3 - s t- § $2 * * QUADRANT MTN. # 2. Bannoºk Pk. G 10400 Grayliń. °. Jº-Anlier Pr. § fa * Ciozoo/* ſº º V * TSDri P whº ºft” ſº ſº, ch º ! 98.00 *o Wy WBeaver L. §§ ! mºatº-r' ºf 2. Dù NRAYEN * \z. mTº ſº (SS- ºrg - & 'S º - & #nºvul a Puñºverlºº's A ºve-º- ; Observation Pk., ,---- Twin Laº” asoo & § A' gº Bijah Spring\riº, P. §§ ,” wº $32, s ** *ſº 63robe Lake §§ &oº Q fl. g P I Tºc H S T O N E P LA tº E A U &T ~ : - e N z § Cº < § }} Pk. \ : Alvøad & #. ...& I \ o * C 1Aft 4f * ~. º: Beula Lake Mt.º. k - I % 10 | - £ive!, - Q \, *( $š 2 : *— - ENTRAMC ** ry *Sº, * 111°00' L.L. Poates engrºsco, N.Y. 110°50' 110°20' 110°10' TIOºoo. º-º-º-º-º- --- z 4.1882°–14 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. \ 4ts and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads first to the shattered cone of the Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three pools, normally quiet but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over-and over again. But lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without it being seen in action. * A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Immediately to the north is the Turban, Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less connected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. The Triplets, Bulger, Chimney, and Teakettle are for the most part quiet pools but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very powerful little geyser with such a small opening that there is a - sharp whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodic is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill t?eyser; here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due no doubt to the explosion of bubbles of Superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by some peculiarity of its crater. It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting sometimes con- tinues for several days and is º, an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. From this point the path leads to the soldier station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on another footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill of geyser formation with a group of four gey- sers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. The Lioness, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the large cub, the smaller of #. two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. To the west on the next elevation is the Devils Ear, and a little farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boiling springs. Then the path turns to the south to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 27 and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water two or three feet. Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach the Giantess too close; she has not much considera- tion for the safety of her visitors, and has been known to break forth into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, smiling crater. When this geyser does start, the vast masses of erupted water are wonderful to behold. - Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the south to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman. Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and going south to the very head of the basin the tourist arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists' friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and, in addition, it plays often and with regularity. . It had the honor of welcoming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist who cared to look at it. The head of the Upper Basin is 9 miles from the Fountain, 29 miles from Norris, 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 54 miles from Gardiner, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store is lo- cated here near the hotel. The road leaves the basin south of the Old Faithful for the West Thumb, 19 miles away. There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. The forage, however, is scarce at these sites. The next camp site is 4 miles farther, on the branch road to the Lone Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the main road. SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITHFUL INN. . Shoshone Lake and Geyser Basin.-Four and one-half miles by road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via trail. Union Geyser 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Guide needed. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake and eastern brook trout. - UPPER GEYSER BASIN TO THUMB of YELLowSTONE LAKE. As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Keppler Cascades. At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (34 miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to the Lone Star 28 YELLowsToNE NATIONAL PARK. Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes, height 40 to 60 feet, altitude 7,600 feet. On this branch road are good camp 3.the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy 7"ee/C, The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 84 miles from Upper Basin, at an altitude of 8,240 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Corkscrew Hill to a little valley at De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last camp site till Dry Creek is reached between 13 and 2 miles farther on. Forage is scarce, and as there is not much water at the next point (2 miles from Dry Creek) it is well. § º prepared to go clear on to the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy I’00R. f Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains. can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Sho- shone Lake, which can be reached on horseback by following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,345 feet (15% miles from Upper Basin). . From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake iºd. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the eft. As the road leads out to the lake shore the soldier station is on the left where the road forks. The road to the right leads to the hotel company’s lunch station, the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Boundary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the main road. At this point the tourist may ride on the boat to the Lake Hotel (16 miles) on payment of extra charge. This tri * boat is often a relief from the dust and gives many views of #. ake that can not be seen from the road. SIDE TRIPS FROM THUMIB LUNCH STATION. Jackson Hole and Lake.—Forty-eight miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,691 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Wagon road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twelve miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. v \, THE THUMIB. ^ At the Thumb the tourist should see The Paint Pots. They are not as large as the ones at the Fountain, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake, a quarter mile north of the boat landing. The Lakeshore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. f YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 29 TEIUMIB TO LAKE EIOTEL. Should the traveler elect to follow the road from West Thumb (19 miles from Upper Basin, 28 miles from Fountain, 48 miles from Norris, 68 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 73 miles from Gard- iner, altitude of Yellowstone Lake 7,741 feet), he will follow the shore of Lake Yellowstone for about 5 miles. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, and on Bridge É. 11 miles from Thumb. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheri- dan to the south are had. Near the top of the hill is obtained a fine view of Thumb Bay on the right; a little later the Knotted Woods on the left are passed. The road then traverses a rolling table-land covered with dense pines. At a point 10 miles from Thumb the road crosses Bridge Creek; a half mile farther on is a camp site. The Natural ź. is about 11% miles from Thumb; it is 200 yards from the road on the left and in plain sight. There is a camp site at this point, and from here to the Yellowstone Canyon good camp sites are Ill]IIlêI’OUIS. " - At the Lake Hotel (16 miles from Thumb, 35 miles from Upper Basin, 44 miles from Fountain, 64 miles from Norris, 84 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 89 miles from Gardiner) are the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone #. but especially at the outlet of the lake, 14 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. LAKE EIOTEL TO GIRAND CANYON. Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel the road to East Boundary and Cody branches off to the right. Seven and one-half miles from Lake Hotel there are platforms for tourists wishing to see Mud Volcano and Grotto Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley and then enters a narrow valley by side of the Yellow- stone River. Fifteen miles from Lake Hotel, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across the Chittenden Bridge to the east for 2% miles to Artists Point. From this branch road there can be obtained magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many views seen to advantage. The main road leads to the left. In about a half mile the plat- form at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached, steps leading down to the rim ºf the fails. A few hundred feet farther is the soldier station and then shortly after the roads fork again. This is Canyon Junction, 16 miles from Lake, 32 miles from, Thumb, 51 miles from Upper Basin, 60 miles from Fountain, 80 miles from Norris, 100 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 105 miles from Gardiner; alti- tude 7,850 feet. Camp sites are opposite the soldier station and across Chittenden Bridge. The road to the right leads to Lower Falls, to the northern side of the Grand Canyon, the Canyon Hotel, and Mount Washburn. There is good fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. . 30 YELLowsTone NATIONAL PARK. GRAND CANYON. If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high, steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls, that is often over- N e ta F. ſº # = o H 'º | º : | ă § s º # 5 \ | §§ a ſº. 3 \ § 3 # a ## \ \\ #3 ##### \ & 5 §§§ g W 2 # 8:33 \ S ###### * §§ 3 ; ; 2 Y-s NS ##35 & 2. < DO O. C. Lil 4% P-P-4 § § * N - § i º ; § { \|É § É É |-º- i S-te •4ſ 91. - §guº ââWäIIIHo Sº Voy Y- +35.75 *& °3's * §: Q .3 TS § R cr: $ 62 Q S § looked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 368 feet high, if the tourist wants a little scramble. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The main road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * 31 - of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are the stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther, the branch road to the hotel and to Mount Washburn turns out to the left. On the road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. - But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artists Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have risen through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes and hence re- tains its dark gray walls. - ** short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Bowlder, not by any means the only glacial bowlder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This bowlder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist. - GRAND CANYON TO GARDINER, VIA. NOREIS. On the road from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile and then the road winds through timber-covered rolling country to the Wedded Trees, about 5% miles from Canyon Junction; a mile and a half farther, the road enters Virginia Meadows, altitude 7,765 feet, where there is a camp site and the fishing is good. This is the only camping ground between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its north bank past the Virginia Cas- cades to Norris Geyser Basin, 11 miles from Canyon Junction. INORIBIS TO GARDINEIR. The tourist returns over the road described on pages 10 to 11 and 14 to 16. -- GRAND CANYon To MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS WIA MOUNT WASH- IBUIRIN AND TOWIER, IFALLS. In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until after July 1. It leads up past the hotel and the hotel barns. Camp- ing places are scattered all along this road, the best being Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an altitude of 8,800 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by Dunraven Pass Road and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven, Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the direct road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (wagons can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Washburn, altitude 10,000 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. * Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numberless opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A footpath bears to the right just before reaching the steel bridge across Tower Creek and leads to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. The base of the falls can be reached by going down to the Yellowstone River and then up Tower Creek. The two columnar walls in the sides of the canyon across the Yel- lowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The next camp site is near the soldier station, 2 miles farther on. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or mina- rets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a wonder- ful cliff ofºº basalt, that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. , • Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road. leads to the left to “Camp Roosevelt,” and one to the right to the main buffalo corral, 12 miles, and to Soda Butte, 17 miles. Next is the soldier station. The next camp site is 1 mile farther, where a road bears off to the left to the Petrified Trees, one-half mile from the main road. There is a very pretty walk back of Camp Roose- velt up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Trees Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. - At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just beyond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. A mile and a half beyond this creek the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet), remarkable for the development of basalt in the walls of its canyon (East Gar- diner or Lava Creek Canyon). It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. º YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 33 - At Gardner River, 18 miles from Tower Falls, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, and soon after Mam- moth Hot Springs is reached. YELLOWSTONE, MONT. (WESTERN ENTRANCE), To THE “Loop " IROAD. Yellowstone, Mont., is the terminus of Oregon Short Line Rail- way, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. The road lies up Madison River to the junction of Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13 miles), where one road leads to the right up Firehole River toward Fountain and the other road leads to the left up Gibbon River toward Norris. At Yellowstone the road lies through a level country, and as the river is ascended low hills appear on either side. They increase in height as the river is ascended until they culminate in Mount Burley on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 74 miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from Yellowstone. There is fine fishing at all points for grayling, whitefish, native, eastern brook, Loch Leven, Won Behr, and rain- bow trout. A. - On the right fork the loop road is reached at Firehole Cascades, 5% miles from Fountain. Going up the left fork the loop road is • º near Wylie's camp, 17 miles from Yellowstone, 10 miles from OI"I’IS. CODY, WYo., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE To “Loop" RoAD. Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 63 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. From Cody, Wyo., to the park boundary automobiles may be driven, but no motor cars are allowed within the park limits. Camp- ing parties from Cody would do well to carry with them feed and forage enough for the first 40 miles, as most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. This road leads over a high and snowy pass and is seldom open before July 1. Road lies up the Shoshone River through the picturesque valley and canyon of the Shoshone and then up Middle Creek to Sylvan Pass. At the eastern entrance is located a soldier station and 1 mile farther is a good camping site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,650 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty little sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, Surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Syl- van Lake is 9 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,350 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. There is another camp site 4 miles beyond Cub Creek. * Turbid Lake, altitude 7,900 feet, 20 miles from the eastern bound- ary, has a camp site at its southern end. This lake is remarkable * 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water for camp purposes in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther and 5 miles from Lake Hotel. The junction #. # i. road and the Loop Road is nearly 2 miles north of the ake Hotel. MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE TO LOOP ROAD. Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. From Moran to the south- ern boundary the road lies to the east of Jackson Lake and Snake . There are numerous camp sites along this section of the TO3,Ole At the southern boundary, altitude 6,850 feet, is the soldier station. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for, whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and Lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is 8 miles farther on. & - Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1 mile north of southern bound- ary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to Lewis Falls (upper, 80 feet high; lower, 50 feet high), altitude 7,650 feet, 9 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the burned section the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls, on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. - Lewis Lake, altitude 7,720 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheridan.' It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shosome Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for Lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 miles north and 7 miles north. - From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 8,000 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs. The most important geysers and springs are listed below. Prominent geysers and springs. [Based upon observations, season 1913.] NORRTS BASIN. Interval between eruptions. Steam vent only. Large boiling spring. Beautiful hot spring. Continuous. Sometimes quiet for long periods. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 35 Prominent geysers and springs—Continued. LOWER BASIN. Name. . #: Duration of eruption. intº Remarks. Feet. * Black Warrior.. Continuous. -- \Small but interesting White Dome-...-...---- 10 || 1 minute............ 40 to 60 minutes....... j geysers. Clepsydra...-----------. 10–40 | Few seconds........] 3 minutes. -----------. Fountain Geyser-------|----------|----------------------|------------------------ Seldom in eruption. Firehole Lake....... -- Peculiar phenomena Great Fountain-------- 75–150 | 45 to 60 minutes.----| 8 to 11 hours----------. Spouts 4 or 5 times Mammoth Paint Pots Basin of boiling clay Éxcelsior 200–300 About 3 hour Ceased playing in 1 Prismatic Lake.. r Size about 250 by 400 - feet; remarkable col- - oring. e” - - Turquoise Spring. About 100 feet in diam- - eter. UPPER BASIN. Artemisia-------------. 50 | 10 to 15 minutes-----| 24 to 30 hours... -----. Varies. Atomizer--------------. • 2 *. Bee Hive..... - - - - - - TºD0 || 6 to 8 minutes....... 3 to 5 times at 12-hour - intervals following •Giantess. Castle------------------ 50–75 | 30 minutes. --------. 24 to 26 hours--------. Quiet 4 to 7 days, then * plays 3 or 4 times at - t- intervals stated. Cub, large-------------- 60 | 8 minutes........... With Lioness......... }sº chimneys to Lion Cub, Small.....-----... 10–30 | 15 to 20 minutes.... OurS.---------------- and Lioness. Daisy------------------ 70 | 3 minutes........... About 60 minutes..... I 20 ! Few seconds........l........................ Seldom in eruption. Fan 10 minutes-----...-- Irregular-------------- Gi 60 minutes.......... 6 to 14 days........... ( 12 to 36 hours... ----| Irregular 5 to 40 days-- 40 to 60 minutes..... Irregular, 1 to 4 days.. ( aries--------------- 2 to 5 hours. ---------- J About 1 minute..... 5 minutes. ------------ Li About 2 to 4minutes. Irregular.............. Vºy 2 to 7 times a ay. Lioness---------------- 80–100 | About 10 minutes do Plºa once in 1910, * once in 1912, and once early in 1914. Mortar----------------. 30 || 4 to 6 minutes.......l..... 9- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9blong----------------- 20-40 | Several minutes.....| 8 to 12 hours. - - - - - - - -. Old faithful............ 120–170 || 4 minutes........... to 85 minutes.------ TJsual interval 70 min- - utes. Riverside...------...... 80–100 | 15 minutes. --------. About 7 hours---------| Very regular. awmill---------------- 20–3 to 2 hours......... Irregular-------------- Uºy once or twice a 8 W. Spasmodic............. 4 inutes----------- 2 to 3 hours----------. y - Splendid...------------ 200 | 10 minutes----------|------------------------ Not played since 1892. Turban---------------- 20–40 | 20 minutes. -...----- Irregular-------------- Plays intermittently for *hours ſolowing IranOl. Notable springs: feet). Chinaman. Emerald Pooh. * w Notable springs—Continued. Black Sand Spring (about 55 by 60 Morning Glory. Punch BOWI. Sponge." SunSet Lake. NOTES ON FISH IN YELLOWSTONE PARK, - Blackspotted or cut-throat trout (Salmo Mgº —Native to man park waters. Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and Yel- lowstone Lake from Pacific slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. Whitefish. (Coregonus clupeiformis).--Native to Yellowstone River below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. Planted in Yellowstone River above the falls. - 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Grayling (Thymallus Ontariensis Montanus).--Native to Madison and Gallatin Rivers and branches. Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontanalis).--Planted. Loch Leven Trout (Salmo Trutti levensis).-Planted. Von Behr (German brown) trout (Salmo Fario).-Planted. Rainbow trout (Salmo Irideus).-Planted. Lake trout (Cristivomer Namaycush).-Planted. Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been heard from since they were planted. - MAPS. Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below. Remittances should be by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park; size 283 by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 40 cents.” - The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. t - The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, Scale 2 miles to the inch. Price 10 cents each. Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price 10 cents each. - LITERATURE. GovKRNMENT PUBLICATIONs. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be ad- dressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The two following publications may be obtained free by written request addressed to the Secretary of the Interior or by personal ap- plication to the office of the superintendent of the park: & General information regarding Yellowstone National Park. This circular is issued each season and contains data regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, lists of books and magazine articles, a sketch map, and the rules and regulations. Annual report of the superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, This is the annual administrative report ; it does not contain illustrations or de- scriptive matter. --- & * This map may be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, but that officer can not fill mail orders. - * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 37 SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given. Remittances should be by money order or in cash: Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” & This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and . the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. IBOOKS. ſº O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910], 56 pp., illus- Tate01. BARTH, THEODoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. BBYCE, JAMES... University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. ee CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive. 1895. 397 pp., illustrated. CRONAU, RUDoLF. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259–275. DUNRAVEN, EARL of. The Great Divide : Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874, 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. A good description of the park in its early dayS. FINCK, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293; Yosemite on pp. 81–107; Crater Lake on pp. 157– 158; Mount Rainier on pp. 209—216. Fount AIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park is described on pp. 173–195. Contains also descriptions of Yosemite, Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake. GUNNISON, ALMoR. Rambles overland. 1884. 245 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 27–82; Yosemite on pp. 125–156. --- HARRISON, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man’s story. 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. 141 pp., illustrated. HERBERTSON, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. lºstone on pp. 171–180; Yosemite on pp. 194–196; Crater Lake on pp. HESSE-VARTEGG, ERNEST won. Nord-Amerika : Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 Wols. Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242; Yosemite in vol. 2, pp. 130–144. HIRSCHBERG, JULIUS. Von New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblatter. 1888. 276 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 77–111; Yosemite on pp. 190–201. HoDMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - Johnson, CLIFTon. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. * Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, but that officer can not fill mail orders. ~ 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. KUNTZEMüLLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908. 40 pp. - LANGFoED, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole River's in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. > LECLERcq, JULEs. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l'Amerique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. MoRBIs, Mrs. JAMES EDw1N. A Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illus- trated. - Yellowstone on pp. 236-255; Yosemite on pp. 191–209. MUIR, JoBN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75; Yosemite on pp. 76—267; Sequoia and General Grant. on pp. 268–330. - - MURPHY, JoBN. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. * MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912, 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58; Yosemite on pp. 59–109. Contains color reproductions of Moran’s paintings. PECK, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world. 1885. 320 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 71—114; Yosemite on pp. 205–244, 284–320. PIERREPONT, EDWARD. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311 ; Yosemite on pp. 58–68. e *. PoETER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–93; Yosemite on pp. 108–142. , PRICE, Rose, LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 166–217. RICHARDSON, JAMES. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. RoBERTs, EDWARD. Shoshone and other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. * • - - SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. * SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160; Yosemite on pp. 192–224. SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92; Yosemite on pp. 93–147. Contains notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SESSIONS, FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. - Yellowstone. on pp. 9–39. - SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDw1N J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the gºers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illus- trat *. - STODDARD, JoHN L Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - SYNGE, grows, M. A ride from through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illus- trated. - TAYLOR, CHARLES MAUs, Jr. Touring Alaska - and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. * Yellowstone on pp. 283–888. TISSANDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170–188; Yosemite on pp. 139–165. ToMLINSoN, EveRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. [1906.1 399 pp., illustrated. U. S. GEoLoGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrog- raphy, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park, S YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 39 D. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. - WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARA R. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. Contains notes on the fauna and flora. MAGAZINE ARTICLES. , º AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. AMERICAN CIVIC Association (Washington, D. C.) National Parks, 32 pp. Contains “National Parks, the need of the future,” by James Bryce ; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by W. H. Taft; Address on a Bureau of National #; jºy Walter L. Fisher; “Are National Parks worth while 7” by J. H. Mc- 8.I’lāIlCi, AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, vol. 20 (September, 1897), pp. 159–167. Some geological cause of the Scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook. AMERICAN Hom ES AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by R. L. Smith. - AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERs, TRANSACTIONs, vol. 16 (1888), pp. 46–49. Engineering relations of the Yellowstone Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 16 (1888), pp. 783–803. Geological history of the Yellowstone Na- tional Park, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (1889), pp. 449–453. Soaping geysers, by R. W. Raymond. AMERICAN Journ AL of SCIENCE, 3d S., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872), pp. 105–115, 161–176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Fire- hole Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. 3d S., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by F. W. Hayden. 4th S., vol. 1 (June, 1896), pp. 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. AMERICAN Journal of SCIENCE, 4th S., vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Ter- tiary floras of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. 4th S., vol. 5 (May, 1898), pp. 323–333. Some conditions affecting geyser eruption, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. , - AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279–290. The geysers of Mon- tana. - º vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 15 (March, 1881), pp. 203—208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellow- stone Park, by W. H. Holmes. º * - vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040. The present condition of the Yellowstone National Park, by E. D. Cope. ANNALS of THE AMERICAN ACADEMY of PoETTICAL AND SoCIAL SCIENCE, vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 1–12. The parks and recreation facilities in the United States, by John Nolen. - vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 15–24. Our national parks and reservations, by W. M. Curtis. APPLETON's Journal, vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - - AROUND WoRLD, vol. 1 (July-August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. ART Journal, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–328. The American wonderland, by Edward Roberts. n ATLANTIC MonTHLY, vol. 81 (January, 1898), pp. 15–28. The wild parks and reservations of the West, by John Muir. - vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by John Muir, 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. BULLETINS DE LA SoCIÉTÉ DE GáOGRAPHIE DE PARIS, 6th Series, Vol. 12 (August, 1876), pp. 196–199. Explorations faites sous la direction du Dr. Hayden pendant l’année 1875 dans les Territories de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. BULLETINS DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ROYALE BELGE DE GEOGRAPHIE, vol. 9 (July-August, 1885), pp. 393—422. Les Geysirs de la terre des merveilles, by J. Leclercq. CENTURY, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. A place of marvels: Yellow- stone Park as it now is, by R. S. Baker. CHAMBERs' Joue NAL, 4th S., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. CountRY LIFE, vol. 22 (June 1, 1912), p. 88. Horseback in Yellowstone Park, by E. Sweet. 3. (January, 1913), pp. 33–36. Touring in our national parks, by E. A. Mills. CURRENT LITERATURE, vol. 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. - DEUTSCHE RUNDSCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (February, 1879), pp. 240–245, Der Nationalpark der Wereinigten Staaten, by J. Chavanne. (July, 1896), pp. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, by Sieg- mund Bergmann. - ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by Francis Francis. GARDEN AND FoREST, vol. 7 (Apr. 4, 1894), p. 131. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. S. Sargent. 4 w GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT, vol. 1, pp. 79–89 (1895). Der National-Park am Yellowstone, by Prof. Dr. H. Credner. GLOBUS, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 118–120. Die Geyser im neuen Wunderland am Obern Yellowstone. - vol. 27 (1875), pp. 289–294, 305–309, 321–325, 337–341. Die Geyserregion am Obern Yellowstone. vol. 28 (1875), pp. 65–70, 81–86, 97–101. Dr. Hayden's und Langford's Expedition nach den Felsengebirgen. - * HARPER's MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), pp. 869–890. The three Tetons, by A. W. Rollins. - HARPER's MAGAZINE, Vol. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. [Beauties of the Yellowstone National Park.] HARPER's WEEKLY, vol. 41 (June 5, 1897), pp. 563–567. The national parks and forest reservations, by John Muir. vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. Lindsey. HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und December, 1898), pp. 49–61, 109–121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, by P. Schwahn. HISTORICAL SOCIETY of MonTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149–233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addi- Son M. Quincy. vol. 4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August and September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. - vol. 5 (1905), pp. 349–369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yellowstone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. t - vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370–394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. - vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562, The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 41 INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, by C. I. Thompson. • Poem. vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. - * P Bºscription of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone 8.TK, * INDooBS AND OUT, vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CongBEss, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. Description of the geological history of the park and of the geological features along the tourist route. & Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. - JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFüRTER WEREINS FijR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, pp. 57–59 Jahrgang, pp. 9–17. Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, by A. Andreae. - Journal, OF GEOGRAPHY, vol. 11 (June, 1913), pp. 314–320. Geology of Yel- lowstone National Park, by N. M. Fenneman. Journal, of GEOLOGY, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode. An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. RANSAS CITY REVIEW OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. - Kosmos, 6 JAHRGANG (1909), pp. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, by J. Burroughs. 7 JAHRGANG (1910), pp. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, by Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. LADIES' HOME Journal, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through pictur- - - esque America. vol. 21 (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by S. M. Dale. - LA NATURE (2e ser.), vol. 8 (1902), pp. 247–250. Les geysers américains, by M. Boule (reprinted in Le Mouvement Géographique, Bruxelles, 1902), vol. 19, pp. 170–171. * LEISURE HouR, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE’s WEEKLY, vol.-85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way - we live. Our Inational Z00, by John Bonner. LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, Vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688–704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. Poem. * LITERARY DIGEST, vol. 46 (June 7, 1913), p. 1303. Western mountains and na- tional parks. - - • LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL's LIVING AGE, vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, by Francis Francis. MACMILLAN's MAGAZINE, vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421–435. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Mountains, by P. Koch. - MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yellowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions, vol. 13 (February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. 42 YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. MANCHESTER [ENGLAND1 GEOGRAPHICAL SoCIETY JotſRNAL, vol. 15 (January to . March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. MooDY, vol. 14 (November, 1912), pp. 367–375. Yellowstone Park, bankers' trip through, by F. W. Ellworth. MoToR AGE, Vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 1–10. Uncle Sam—His Parks, by C. G. Sinsabaugh. vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 10–12. How to get to the national parks, by John P. DOdS. MUTTER ERDE, vol. 3, 1900, pp. 12–14, 48–52, 70–72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, by Th. Kirchhoff. - NATION, vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by EI. T. Finck. - vol. 46 (Jan: 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. The Yellowstone Park as a forest reser- Vation, by Arnold Hague. * vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), p. 219. The Yellowstone National Park [review of H. M. Chittenden's book], by E. Coues. Fi yº. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276–277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H. T. IIlCK, - vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 248–250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE, Vol. 23 (June, 1912), pp. 531–579. Our na- tional parks, by L. F. Schmeckebier. vol. 24 (July, 1913), pp. 808–834. Wild animals that took their own pic- tures by day and by night, by G. Shiras. NATIONAL MAGAZINE, Vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Van Blarcom. * vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611—614. Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, by L. R. Freeman. - NATUR, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 340–342, 345–347, 363–366, 372—375. Die Geyser und das Geyserland am Yellowstonefluss in Nordamerika, von O. Ule. vol. 45 (Sept. 6, -1896), pp. 429–432. Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fiebelkorn. TNATURE, Vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. vol. 6 (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437–439. A gigantic “pleasure ground”; The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NEUES JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE (1893), vol. 2, pp. 1–25. Ueber die künst. liche Nachahmung des Geyserphéânomens, by A. Andreae. NINETEENTH CENTURY, vol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369–377. The Yellowstone geysers, by F. Francis. OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), pp. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455–472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. Andrews. vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. - OUTDOOR LIFE, vol. 27. (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J. A. McGuire. - OUTDOOR WORLD AND RECREATION, vol. 49 (July, 1913), pp. 22–26. Vacation jaunts to Uncle Sam's playgrounds, by Arthur Chapman. OUTING, Vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone Mational Park, by W. O. Owen. vol. 30 (May, 1897), pp. 163–164. A woman’s trout fishing in Yellowstone Park, by M. T. Townsend. - vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone National Park, by W. W. Thayer. vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H. Henderson. OUTING, vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508—511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yellowstone Park, by R. E. Clark. vol. 61 (January, 1913), pp. 449–455. Four-footed citizens of the Yellow- Stone, by J. M. Johnson. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 43 OUTLook, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by H. Lewis. vol. 95 (May 28, 1910), pp. 157–169. Scenery as a national asset, by Allen Chamberlain. vol. 100 (Feb. 3, 1912), p. 246. A national park service. vol. 102 (Dec. 14, 1912), pp. 811–815. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. - OvKRLAND MonTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489–496. The Washburn Yellowstone expedition. 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1–13. The world’s wonderlands in Wyo- ming and New Zealand, by C. F. G. Cumming. - 2d S., vol. 29 (June, 1897), pp. 594—603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. PETERMANN's GEOGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, Vol. 17 (1871), pp. 278–279. Eine Wunderwelt am Yellowstone. vol. 18 (1872), pp. 241–253, 321–326. Die neu entóleckten Geyser Gebiete am Oberen Yellowstone und Madison River. * vol. 38 (1892), pp. 92–93. Ueber das Anseifen der Geyser im Yellowstone, National Park, by Dr. Carl Diener. - PLANT WoRLD, vol. 1 (January, 1898), pp. 52–55. The standing fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. PoPULAR SCIENCE MonTHLY, vol. 25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world's geyser regions, by A. C. Peale. Vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289–295. A great winter sanitarium for the Amer- can continent, by Edward Frankland. vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Tillman. - vol. 54 (February, 1899), pp. 475–481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park] : A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. Vol. 80 (June, 1912), pp. 531–547. The national parks from the scientific and educational side, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - RECREATION, vol. 4 (May, 1896), pp. 221–225. Game in the Yellowstone National Park, by O. D. Wheeler. vol. 11 (August, 1899), pp. 103–104. Glories of the Yellowstone, by I. W. Walker. vol. 12 (June, 1900), pp. 449–450. Predatory beasts in Yellowstone Park, by U. S. Bracket. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 417–423. In a wild animal republic, by Dan Beard. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 425-429. Protect the game in Yellowstone Park, by L. R. Freeman. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 431–434. From New York to Heaven, by Myra Emmons. - * vol. 30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53–55. “Sage brush ’’ in Yellowstone Park, by IH. D. FOSter. - vol. 34 (December, 1911), il., pp. 262-263. A walking trip through Yellow- stone Park, by C. P. Fordyce. w vol. 36 (July, 1912), pp. 32–33. Wyoming's entrance to Yellowstone Park, by W. N. Montfort. * REVIEW OF REVIEws, vol. 40 (July, 1909), pp. 44–48. The Nation’s playgrounds, by G. O. Smith. - SAINT NICHOLAs, vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by . Everett Foster. SAINT Nº. vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by Weed. vol. 13 (April, 1892), pp. 230–236. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by W. H. Weed. SCIENCE, vol. 11 (June 1, 1888), pp. 255–256. IMap of] the Yellowstone National ark. * 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONA1, PARK. SCIENCE, Vol. 13 (May 17, 1889), pp. 382–384. Soaping geysers, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (Jan. 16, 1891), pp. 36–37. Mineral waters of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. H. Weed. vol. 22 (Nov. 3, 1893), pp. 244–246. Overland sounds in the vicinity of Yellowstone Lake, by Edwin Linton. --- * * n. S., vol. 6 (July 30, 1897), pp. 145–157. Vegetation of the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, by B. M. Davis. • n. S., vol 9 (Feb. 24, 1899), pp. 425–442. Early Tertiary volcanoes of the Absaroka Range, by Arnold Hague. n. S., vol. 19 (Apr. 15, 1904), Death Gulch, by F. W. Traphagen. n. S., vol. 33 (Apr. 14, 1911), pp. 563–568. Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. vol. 37 (Mar. 21, 1913), pp. 446–447. Yellowstone, by W. S. Franklin. Smi ºl. 37 (June 20, 1913), p. 941. Yellowstone Park and bears, by J. L. IIll'ſſl, vol. 38 (July 25, 1913), pp. 127–129. Yellowstone Park bears a nuisance, by W. S. Franklin. - - SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, vol. 82 (Jan. 27, 1900), p. 60. Rapid decline of geyser activity in Yellowstone Park, by E. H. Barbour. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, vol. 55 (Jan. 3, 1903), pp. 22575–22576. The geysers of Yellowstone Park, by D. A. Willey. - Scottis H. GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE, vol. 8 (May, 1892), pp. 233–248. The Yellowstome region and its geysers, by H. M. Cadell. SORIBNER's MAGAZINE, vol. 35 (May, 1904), pp. 513–527. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. SCRIBNER's MontBLY, vol. 2 (May and June, 1871), pp. 1–17, 113–128. The wonders of the Yellowstone, by N. P. Langford. vol. 3 (November, 1871), pp. 1–17. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts, ~ vol. 3 (February, 1872), pp. 388–396. More about the Yellowstone, by F. W. Hayden. , * - vol. 6 (June, 1873), pp. 129–157. The ascent of Mount Hayden, by N. P. Langford. º SIERRA CLUB Bull ETIN, vol. 8 (January, 1912), pp. 236–239. Are national parks worth while? by J. Horace McFarland. - * * vol. 9 (January, 1913), pp. 28–32. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. e- SouTHERN MAGAZINE, vol. 9 (August, 1871), pp. 219–223. The falls of the Yellowstone, by Howard O'Neill. SPECTATOR, vol. 81 (Dec. 24, 1898), pp. 944—945. The Yellowstone Park to-day. SUNSET, vol. 27 (August, 1911), pp. 131–140. Yellowstone Park before the season opens, by A. W. North. p TIJDSCHR. Kon. NEDERL. AARDR. GENOOTSCHAP (1891), pp. 444–484. Geysers, by H. Zonderwan. $ - Tour DU MoRDE, vol. 28 (1874), pp. 289—352. Le parc national des Etats-Unis, by MM. Hayden, Doane et Langford. TRAVEL MAGAZINE, Vol. 16 (March, 1911), pp. 233—236. The how and why of geysers, by C. H. Claudy. - UEBER LAND – UND MEER, vol. 101 (1909), pp. 31.1—313. Geyser und heisse Quellen, by Dr. M. Wilh. Meyer. * VERHANDLUNGEN DER GESELLsCHAFT FüR ERDKUNDE zu BERLIN (1887), vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 154–171. Ein Ritt durch den Yellowstone Park, by E. Deckert. Wom FELs zu M MEER, vol. 15 (1896), pp. 374–379. Der Yellowstone Park in Nordamerika, by Max Graf von Zeppelin. vol. 23 (1904). Der Yellowstone Park, by O. Eckstein. WESTERN MonTHLY, vol. 4 (July, 1870), pp. 60–67. Walley of the Upper Yellow- stone, by C. W. Cook. º WoRLD To-DAY, Vol. 8 (June, 1905), pp. 631–639.- A nation's playground, by H. F. Cope. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 45 WoRLD To-DAY, vol. 19 (November,-1910), pp. 1263–1272. Touring Yellowstone Park on Government highways, by M. O. Eldridge. WoRLD's WoRK, Vol. 6 (June, 1903), pp. 3569–3576. On horseback through the Yellowstone, by H. D. Sedgwick, jr. vol. 24 (May, 1912), pp. 68–77. Unknown wonders of our national parks. ZEITUNG DES WEREINS DEUTsch EB ErsGNBAHNVERWALTUNg, vol. 48, (September, 1908), pp. 1151–1154, 1167–1169. Die Erschliessung der Yellowstone National Park in dén Vereinigten Staaten von America durch Verkehrswege, by A. Rüntzemuller. - RULES AND REGULATIONS. REGULATIONS APPROVED MAY 27, 1911. The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes, United States, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894: 1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrusta- tions around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any sub- stance into the springs or geyser vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park. . . . 2. It is forbidden to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot- spring formations, or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. 3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any growing timber. Camping parties will be allowed to use dead or falſen timber for fuel. hen felling timber for fuel, or for building purposes when duly author- ized, stumps must not be left higher than 12 inches from the ground. 4. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and completely extin- - guished when not longer required. The utmost care must be exer- cised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 5. Hunting or killing, wounding, or capturing any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals when necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is prohibited. The out- fits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed in the park under other circumstances than prescribed above, will be forfeited to the United States, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation, and the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Firearms will only be permitted in the park on written permission from the superintendent thereof. On arrival at the first station of the park, guard parties having fire- arms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives will turn them over to the sergeant in charge of the station, taking his receipt for them. They will be returned to the owners on leaving the park. 6. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explo- sives, or in any other way than with hook and line is prohibited. Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. Fishing may be prohibited by order of the superintendent of the park in any . of the waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season - of the year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. i * • * 46 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARE. 7. No person will be permitted to reside permanently or to engage in any business in the park without permission, in writing, from the Department of the Interior. The superintendent may grant author- ity to competent persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion, and no pack trains shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide. 8. The herding or grazing of loose stock or cattle of any kind within the park, as well as the driving of such stock or cattle over the roads of the park, is strictly forbidden, except in such cases where authority therefor is granted by the Secretary of the Interior. It is forbidden to cut hay within the boundaries of the park excepting for the use of the wild game and such other purposes as may be authorized by the Secretary of the Interior or the park superintendent. 9. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted within the limits of the #. 10. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- played within the park, except such as may be necessary for the con- venience and guidance of the public, upon buildings on leased ground. 11. Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly con- duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily removed from the park, and will not be allowed to return without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the . Interior or the superintendent of the park. 12. It is forbidden to carve or write names or other things on any of the mileposts or signboards or any of the platforms, seats, railings, steps, or any structures or any tree in the park. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine as pro- vided by the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894, “to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes,” of not more than $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. INSTRUCTIONS APPROVED APRIL 15, 1914, 1. The feeding, interference with, or molestation of any bear or other wild animal in the park in any way by any person not author- ized by the superintendent is prohibited. 2. Fires.—The greatest care must be exercised to insure the com- plete extinction of all camp fires before they are abandoned. All ashes and unburned bits of wood must, when practicable, be thor- oughly soaked with water. Where fires are built in the neighborhood of decayed logs, particular attention must be directed to the extin- guishment of fires in the decaying mold. Fire may be extinguished where water is not available by a complete covering of earth, well packed down. Especial care should be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 3. Camps.-No camp will be made at a less distance than 100 feet from any traveled . Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article liable to frighten teams must not be hung at a nearer distance than this to the road. The same rule applies to temporary stops, such as for feeding horses or for taking luncheon. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. _ 47 Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season, and camp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are aban- doned. Tin cans must be flattened and, with bottles, cast-off cloth- ing, and all other débris, must be deposited in a pit provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unusual places, where pits may not be provided, all refuse must be hidden where it will not be offen- sive to the eye. . . 4. Concessionaires.—All persons, firms, or corporations holding concessions in the park must keep the grounds used by them properly policed and maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. - 5. Bicycles.—The greatest care must be exercised by persons using bicycles. On meeting a team the rider must stop and stand at side of road between the bicycle and the team—the outer side of the road if on a grade or curve. In passing a team from the rear the rider should learn from the driver if his horses are liable to frighten, in which case the driver should halt and the rider dismount and walk past, keeping between the bicycle and the team. 6. Fishing.—All fish less than 8 inches in length should at once be returned to the water with the least damage possible to the fish. Fish that are to be retained must be at once killed by a blow on the back of the head or by thrusting a knife or other sharp instrument into the head. No person shall catch more than 20 fish in one day. 7. Dogs.--Dogs are not permitted in the park. 8. Grazing animals.-Only animals actually in use for purposes of transportation through the park may be grazed in the vicinity of the camps. They will not be allowed to run over any of the formations. nor near to any of the geysers or hot springs; neither will they be allowed to run loose within 100 feet of the roads. 9. Formations.—No person will be allowed on any formations after Sunset without a guide. - 10. Hotels.-All tourists traveling with the authorized transporta- tion companies, whether holding hotel coupons or paying cash, are allowed the privilege of extending their visit in the park at any of the hotels without extra charge for transportation. However, 24 hours' notice must be given to the managers of the transportation companies for reservations in other coaches. 11. Driving on roads of park.-(a) Drivers of vehicles of any de- scription, when overtaken by other vehicles traveling at a faster rate of speed, shall, if requested to do so, turn out and give the latter free and unobstructed passageway. (b) Vehicles in passing each other must give full half of the road- way. This applies to freight outfits as well as any other. % Racing on the park roads is strictly prohibitéd. g ) Freight, baggage, and heavy camping outfits on sidehill grades throughout the park will take the outer side of the road while being passed by passenger vehicles in either direction. (e) In making a temporary halt on the road for any purpose all teams and vehicles will be pulled to one side of the road far enough to leave a free and unobstructed passageway. No stops on the road for luncheon or for camp purposes will be permitted. A team at- tached to a vehicle will not be left without the custody of a person competent to control it; a team detached from a vehicle will be se- curely tied to a tree or other fixed object before being left alone. 48" YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARKł ** (f) In rounding sharp curves on the roads, like that in the Golden Gate Canyon, where the view ahead is completely cutroff, drivers will slow down to a walk. Traveling at night is prohibited except in cases of emergency. ~. rº-º: (g) Transportation companies, freight and wood contractors, and all other parties and persons using the park roads will be held liable for violation of these instructions. ſº (h) Pack trains will be required to follow trails whenever prac- ticable. During the tourist season, when traveling on the road and vehicles carrying passengers are met, or such vehicles overtake pack. trains, the pack train must move off the road.not less than 100 feet and await the passage of the vehicle. (i) During the fourist season pack animals, loose animals, or saddle horses, except those ridden by duly authorized persons on patrol or other public duties, are not permitted on the coach road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone.} §§ (k) Riding at a gait faster than a slow trot on the plateaus' near the hotels where tourists and other persons are accustomed to walk is prohibited. – !) Mounted men-on meeting a passenger team on a grade will halt on the outer side until the team passes. When approaching a passenger team from the rear, warning must be given, and no faster gait will be taken than is necessary to make the passage, and if on a grade the passage will be on the outer side. A passenger team must not be passed on a dangerous grade. - * (m). All wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. This order does not apply to express freight hauled in light spring wagons with single teams. -- 12. Liquors.--All beer, wine, liquors, whisky, etc., brought into the Yellowstone National Park via Gardiner to be carried over the roads through the reservation to Cooke City, must be in sealed con- tainers or packages, which must not be broken in transit. 13. Miscellaneous–Automobiles are not permitted in the park.” Persons are not allowed to bathe near any of the regularly traveled roads in the park without suitable bathing clothes. 14. Penalty.—The penalty for disregard of these instructions is summary ejection from the park. - Motices.—(a) Boat trip on Yellowstone Lake: The excursion boat on Yellowstone Lake plying between the Lake Hotel and the Thumb lunch station at the West Bay is not a part of the regular transpor- tation of the park, and an extra charge is made by the boat company for this service. - . (5) Side trips in park: Information relative to side trips in the park and the cost thereof can be procured from those authorized" to transport passengers through or to provide for camping parties in the park; also at the office of the superintendent. - (c) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the reservation should be made to the superintendent in writing. % *†. —; * See page 2 for subsequent regulation regarding automobiles. O. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. : 1914 sº ºf -- &g:MgRat LignaRY 722 * * 3. * Alle'25 1915 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY M.J. haze-wazºº, ac--- THE YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Season of 1915 GENERAL INFORMATION The Wonder Spot of America—Its Marvelous Geysers and How to See Them—How a Geyser “Works”—The Gorgeous Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, brilliant and varied in color beyond description—The Petrified Forests—How to Reach the Park— Hotels and Camps and Cost of Living–Traveling Facilities and Cost—Maps—Regulations Governing Admission of Automobiles NHE Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National T Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. - ** | The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and, Idaho. It is our 985.82°–15—1 2 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. º • larget National Park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above Sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. There are three geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, and the Upper Basins, all lying in the west central part of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old . Faithful, spout at accurate intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. There are many hot springs and caldrons of large size. The regions are gro- tesquely carved and gorgeously covered by the many colored mineral deposits in the water. - ... • - That the geyser waters are surface waters which have percolated through the porous lavas and have been heated by encountering great quantities of steam and gases rising from the hot rocks below there is no reasonable doubt. The proximity of ordinary cold springs and those of boiling hot water lends support to this view. These hot waters, traversing the rocks in irregular fissures, readily dissolve out the more soluble constituents of the rocks, the amount and the character of the salts present varying somewhat with the mature and amount of gases held in the waters. Chemical analyses of geyser waters from the three regions described show no greater variation than those from different vents in any one of these regions. That the source of steam is the still hot lavas below, and is in some way connected with volcanic action, is so evident from the facts that no other conclusion is possible. The geyser “works” on the principle of the volcano. When the lowest strata of water be- comes heated to a certain point they burst up through the cooler water on top. - - i But the geysers are not the only wonders of the Yellowstone. Indeed, the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a National Park were there no geysers. For noble ruggedness and particularly for gor- geous coloring it has few equals and only one superior. From the Lower Falls for three miles down the river abrupt walls upon both -sides of the canyon, a thousand feet in depth, present a brilliancy and mingling of color beyond the power of description. From the brink of the canyon to the water’s edge the walls are sheer bodies of decomposed rhyolite. Varied hues of orange, red, purple, and Sulphur-yellow are irregularly blended in one confused mass. There is scarcely a piece of unaltered rock in place. Much of it is changed YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 3 into kaolin; but from rhyolite, still easily recognized, occur transi- tion products of every possible kind to good porcelain clay. - §§ Rº ºğ. & sº º-ºº: ŞSºś §§ §º º sº Cººl . ºxy bºrº Wºº tº º º: §§ Kº Cº. É §42-º 3 Tº §: §: §ºS º §§§ § ; §§ § E-- ------ º & zºº sº º Sº-Q §§ *>3"ºº-º- º: ºº:: E-E=º º Es:EEºs Esº :====- s grº - Sºº-º-º: 33-& £& - eºs -º-º-º: 3. 3:53:55:5;5&# #ºr tº: É:=ººl II º, º sºl v. ºfflº •r . . *- : *t . ºv... • Tºols: º, * & E \º - - * - in . . . . \e : G.No. 9 - © * * * * * - i-2 *.*.*.*.*...-lºſo : * * * tº 6 $º ? » gº 4, a .*.*. * - v. o 'o #2"...º. v. 2 ºr ºf . * sº e o sº; Yo..." IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDS OF SPECIMIEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CESSION of BURIED FOREST, AFTER HOLMES. This is the result of the long-continued action of steam and vapors upon the rhyolite lavas. Through this mass of decomposed rhyolite 4. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. the course of ancient steam vents in their upward passage may still be traced, while at the bottom of the canyon hot springs, fumaroles, and steam vents are still more or less active, but probably with diminished power. - The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an ap- Tyroach to Amethyst Mountain. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park, along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks, there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. Just outside the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, between the Gallatin and Yellowstone Tivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. . . . - ‘The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872, and has an area of 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, but it is patrolled by two special troops of cavalry commanded by a line officer of the Army, assisted by a number of civilian scouts. Road and bridge construction and road sprinkling are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. -- General information may be obtained at the superintendent's office at Fort Yellowstone, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., and complaints regarding service should be addressed to that officer. The tourist season extends from June 15 to September 15.’ The transportation companies allow each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route.` - Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. ---ee- * The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located 5 miles from the northern entrance. Those entering from the west should have their mail addressed to Yellowstone, Mont. Telegrams may be sent from hotels to any part of the world. . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. .5 General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, and outlet of Yellowstone Lake. . . * * * * A special permit from the Secretary of the Interior is required to take moving pictures in the park. - 3. r “ RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont. ; the Oregon Short Line Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 63 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. Excursion tickets are sold during the park Season. . - : TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS IN THE PARK. - Automobiles for pleasure purposes only will be allowed in the park * after August 1, 1915, under appropriate regulations and after pay- ment of a license fee. Regulations are being prepared; when ready they may be obtained from the superintendent or from the Secretary of the Interior. There are a number of hotels, permanent camps, and transportation lines operated in the park under contract with the De- partment of the Interior, and movable camps operate under yearly license issued by the department, but every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 55–60. Five and one-half days is the minimum time in which the tour of the park can be made. Persons starting on the tour of the park by way of the movable camps can not obtain accom- modations at the hotels except in cases of sickness or exceptional cir- cumstances. Circulars and information may be obtained from the concessioners whose addresses are given in this circular. - - Tourists are advised to arrange in advance for their hotel or camp accommodations. - , & YELLowsToNE FARIK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains five hotels and two lunch stations in the park. The hotels are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Lower Geyser Basin, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow- stone; the lunch stations are located at Norris Geyser Basin and the Thumb of the Lake. These hotels are operated in connection with the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., whose coaches start from the northern entrance at Gardiner; the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co., whose coaches start from the western entrance at Yellow- stone; and the Holm Transportation Co., whose coaches start from Cody, Wyo. . . - . - ~4. . " - 6 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 15, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: Rates of the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. HOTEL CHARGES. Board and lodging, regular ac- Wet shampoo, ladies----------- $1.25 commodations, not exceeding, - Scalp treatment --------------- 1. 00 per day $5.00 Face massage: Board and lodging, extra accom- Men ---------------------- . 50 modations not covered by the Women ------------------- 1. O0 regular rate, such sum in ex- Almond or clay pack----------- 1. 50 cess of $5 per day as may be Ladies' plain hair dressing_-_-_ . 50 agreed upon between the guests Ladies'fancy hairdressing 1.00 to 2.00 and the company. Singeing ---------------------- . 50 Extra for room with bath, each Manicuring . 75 to 1. 00 - person, per day------------- 1.00 | Chiropody: Meals or lodgings, part of a day, In shop ------------------- 1. 50 each 1. 25 In private rooms, in hotel, Meals served in rooms, extra, extra . 50 each . 50 | Bath . 50 Shaving .25 | Boot blacking ----------------- . 10 Hair cutting –––––––––––––––––– . 50 | Billiards : - Shampooing, men-------------> . 50 Per game ----------------- . 25 Dry shampoo, ladies----------- 1. 00 Per hour------------------ . 60 NEWS STANDS. 2 Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS. From all points in the United States (except Helena, Mont.) to Helena, Mont., at Western Union rates; Helena to Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park Hotel Co., charge of 25 cents for first 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word; Helena to other points in Yellowstone National Park, charge of 50 cents for first 10 words and 3 cents for each additional word. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. © TELEPHONE MESSAGES. Use of telephone from or to any point in the park, not to exceed 1 minute, 25 cents. Each additional minute, 15 cents. YELLOWSTONE PARK TEANSIPORTATION CO. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates a transporta- tion line from Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrance, in connection with the hotels. The stages run daily during the season. The ad- dress of this company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 7 and September 16; thereafter, Helena, Mont. are as follows: The authorized rates Transportation rates of the Yellowstone Park, Transportation Co. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and return, with stop-over privi- leges–- Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and Grand Canyon, and return, with Stop-Over privileges Round trip of park, via Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb of Lake, Lake, Grand Canyon, and Norris, with stop-over privileges__ 25.90 Mammoth Hot Springs to— Gardiner Fountain ----------------- Upper basin--------------- Grand Canyon –––––––––––– Lake Norris to— - Upper Basin-------------- Fountain ----------------- Grand Canyon –––––––––––– Lake Fountain to— Upper Basin -------------- Norris Grand Canyon ------------ Mammoth Hot Springs.----- CARRIAGES, SADDLF HORSEs, GUIDEs, ETC. Saddle horse: Each subsequent hour----- Carriages or surrey, capacity of ROUND TRIPS. * $18.00 25. 00 SINGLE TRIPs.” |Upper Basin to— Fountain ----------------- $1.50 Norris 5. 0:0 Grand Canyon ------------ 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs_____ 9. 00 Lake to— & - Grand Canyon –––––––––––– 5. 00 Norris – 8.50 Mammoth Hot Springs____ 12.50 3 seats, at Mammoth, Canyon, Fountain and Upper Basin: Each subsequent hour----- Seats in conveyance for drive: Over formation at Fountain, each - Over formation at... Upper Geyser Basin ----------- To Inspiration Point at Upper Basin -------------- 13. 50 Grand Canyon to— • * . Norris - 3. 50 Fountain ----------------- 7. 00 Upper Basin -------------- 8. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs_____ 7. 50 Lake - 5. 00 Seats in conveyance for drive— Continued. To Artists Point at Can- yon -------------------- 1. 00 Over formation at Mam- moth Hot Springs_______ 1. 00 Guide, with saddle horse, per day - 5.00 Packer, with saddle horse, per day 5. 00 Cook, with Saddle horse, per day 5. 00 Pack horses, each, per day_____ 1. 50 Mount Washburn, round trip, 5. 00 from Grand Canyon--------- 1 Trip in reverse direction not made for less than 3 fares. 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. IPARE TRIPS. t 1 vehicle, seat 3, 2 horses and For each additional passenger driver, per day-------------- $15.00 carried, regular fare charged. 1 vehicle, seat 5, 4 horses and Welhicle per diem rates one-half of driver, per day-–––––––––––– 25.00 || above for all time over five days. 1 vehicle, seat 7, 4 horses and Driver boarded and horses stabled, and driver, per day------------- 30.00 fed by and at expense of transporta- - - - tion company. YELLOWSTONE-WESTERN STAGE CO. The Yellowstone-Western Stage Co. operates a transportation line from Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance, in connection with the hotels. The stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Yellowstone, Mont., between June 15 and Septem- ber 15; thereafter St. Paul, Minn. The authorized rates are as follows: - Transportation rates of the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co. TOUR TRIPS. Yellowstone (western entrance) to- Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, and return (Tour No. 1)----------- $8.00 Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, and return - (Tour No. 2) - - - 16. 00 Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth Hot - Springs, and return (Tour No. 3) - 20.00 Fountain, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Manmmoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner (Tour No. 4) 20. 00 STOP-ovKR PRIVILEGES. All passengers, except those having arranged for special conveyance, are - granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping places in the park . without extra charge for transportation. Parties can retain their surrey or coach for their use on lay-over days at the following rates: Five-passenger, two-horse Surrey and driver, per day------------------ $8.00 Eight-passenger, four-horse coach and driver, per day------------------ 10. 00 Eleven-passenger, four-horse coach and driver, per day------------------ 12. 00. • * - Any of the above vehicles can be secured for private parties by paying for the vacant space at authorized rates for tour trips. PRIVATE PARTY –SPECIAL CONVEYANCE. Three-passenger, two-horse Surrey and driver, per day----------------- $12.00 Parties holding railroad coupons for park tours will receive credit for same at their full avlue. * LOCAL TRIPS. Yellowstone to Fountain Hotel, Lower Geyser Basin $4.00 Fountain to Old Faithful Inn, Upper Geyser Basin - 1. 25 LIpper Basin to Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake_-------------- 3. 25 Thumb to Colonial Hotel 2, 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 9 Lake to Canyon Hotel, Grand Canyon. - $4. O() Canyon to Norris Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin - - 3. 0(). Norris to Yellowstone, western entrance 5. 00 Norris to Mammoth Hotel, Manamoth Hot Springs ------ 3.25 Mammoth to Gardiner, northern entrance - 1. 25 Parties requesting local trips in opposite direction from the regular stage route will consist of sufficient number to fill a minimum conveyance (three passengers) or pay for Vacant space at above rates. - MoUNT was HBURN, DUNRAVEN PAss, ToweR FALLs, AND MAMMOTH TRIPs. These tours, on account of snow, are not available until early in July. - From Grand Canyon to Summit Mount Washburn and return___________ $4.00 Only special equipment for this trip allowed. ºv. From Grand Canyon via Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls to Mammoth-- 7.59 To passengers holding Yellowstone-Western stage transportation reading, . . via Norris to Mammoth extra charge for trips from Canyon Via Duns. [.. raven Pass, Tower Falls to Mammoth - 2. – 3.50 To passengers holding Yellowstone-Western stage transportation for tour - No. 2, not including side trip to Mammoth, extra charge for trips from Canyon via Dunraven, Towel Falls, and Mammoth to Norris-------- 7. 56) Minimum on above trips, three passengers. CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSES, GUIDES, ETC. Carriage or surrey, three seats, for use in vicinity of western entrance, Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, or Mammoth : Per day $8.00 First hour 3.06 Each subsequent hour - - 1. 50) Seats in conveyance for drive: Over formation at Fountain, each - . 56) Over formation at Upper Basin, each . 56) To Inspiration Point at Canyon, each 1. O6) To Artists Point at Canyon, each 1. O6) Saddle horse: - - Per day - 3.00 First hour 1. O() Each subsequent hour . 56) Guide, with saddle horse, per day 4. O6) Packer, with saddle horse, per day 4. 00 Cook, with saddle horse, per day - 4. 00 Pack horse, each, per day - 1.50 HOLM TRANSPORTATION CO. The Holm Transportation Co. operates a transportation line from Cody, Wyo., through the eastern entrance in connection with the hotels and the Wylie permanent camps. Stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Cody, Wyo. The auto- mobiles of the Holm Transportation Co. leave Cody each day during the season, transporting passengers to Holm Lodge. The authorized rates are as follows: - 985.82°–15—2 10 TyELLOWSTOINE NATIONAL PARK. Transportation rateg of the Holm, Transportation Co. STAGE BouTE FAREs. Eastern entrance, Sylvan Pass, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Lake Hotel, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (5 days) -------- $25.00 Eastern entrance, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth Hot Springs, and northern entrance (5 days) ------------ 25. 00 Eastern entrance, Lake, Upper Geyser Basin, Norris, Canyon, Norris. Yel- lowstone (5 days) & 25.00 Canyon to eastern entrance (1 day) 5.00 Eastern entrance to Canyon (1 day) 5. 00 Ten-day horseback tour (stopping at park hotels, making tour' by easy rides; will not make trip for less than 2 persons), $5 per day, which includes guide. Eastern entrance, Sylvan Pass, Lake, Thumb, Upper Geyser Basin, Fountain, Gibbon, Norris, Canyon, Lake, Sylvan Pass, eastern entrance (10 days) - 50.00 An additional charge is made for transportation between Cody and the eastern entrance. “As this trip is outside the park, the department has no control over the rates. - - - STOP-OVER PRIVILEGES. All passengers are granted stop-over rivileges at any of the regular stopping places in the park without extra charge for transportation. Parties can retain surrey for their use on lay-over days at the following rates: Three-passenger 2-horse surrey, and driver, per day------------------- $7.50 Five-passenger 2-horse surrey, and driver, per day 10. 00 CARRIAGES, GUIDES, SADDLE HORSES, ETC. Saddle horse, per day - $3.50 Guide, with saddle horse, per day 3-2– = <- - 5.00 Seats in conveyances from Lake Hotel to eastern entrance 5. O() Mount Washburn, round trip, from Grand Canyon 5. O0 PARK TRIPs. One vehicle, seat 3, 2 horses and driver, per day - $15. 00 One vehicle, seat 5, 2 horses and driver, per day 25. OO For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. Vehicle per diem rates one-half of above for all time over 5 days. Driver boarded and horses stabled and fed by and at expense of transportation com- pany. s - - wyLIE PERMANENT CAMPING CO. The Wylie Permanent Camping Co. maintains permanent camps in the park and operates a transportation line from Gardiner (north- ern entrance), Yellowstone (western entrance), and Camp Cody (eastern entrance). The camps are located at Swan Lake Basin, Riverside (western entrance), Upper Geyser Basin; outlet of Yellow- stone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Camp Cody (eastern , YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. ll. Q entrance), and Tower Falls. In addition, lunch stations are main- tained at the Gibbon Geyser Basin and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. Stages run daily during the season. The address of this com- pany is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: Rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by the Wylie - Permanent Camping Co. - - TOUR'S AND TRIPS. Each of the following trips and tours includes stage transportation, board, and lodging for each person: - From Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance) : . (1) Six days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mammoth - Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon , Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yehlowstone Iake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mam- moth Hot Springs, and Gardiner - i-º-, $40.00 (1—A) Five days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), same as . . No. 1, omitting the day at the Upper Geyser Basin—------- . 37.00 (2) Six days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Yellowstone), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser - Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone___________ 40. 00 Six days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Cody), via Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris. Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Yellowstone Lake to east boundary - 49. 00 (20) Four days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mam- - moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, ‘Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner 30.00 (21) Four days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Cody), via Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Lake Camp to east boundary * 30.00 (22) Three days (entranee, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner - 22. 00 (23) Two days (entrancé, Gardiner; exit, Yellowstone), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, - Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone 14, 50 (24) Two days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mam- In oth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner--- 14.00 (25) One-half day (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner 6. 00 (3 ) i Transportation between Cody and Camp Cody $3 additional one way and $3.75 addi- tional for the round trip. These rates cover service outside the park and are not subject to regulation by the department. They are given simply as a matter of general infor- mation. 12 YELLowsTone NATIONAL PARK. From Yellowstone, Mont. (west entrance): - - (4) Six days (entrance, Yellowtsone; exit, Yellowstone), via Yel- lowstone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris, Gibbon. Ilunch Station, and Yellowstone_____ (4—A) Five days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), same as No. 4, omitting the day at Upper Geyser Bagin_________ (5) Five days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Yel- lowstone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, - Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone------------ (5–A) Four days. (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), same *- : as No. 5, omitting the day at Upper Geyser Basin---------- - (6), Six days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Gardiner), via Yellow- . . stone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, ... Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot • Springs, and Gardiner (7) Four days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Cody), via Yellow- stone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, • Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, 40.00 Yellowstone Lake, to east boundary * 38.75 (26) Three days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone_--_________ (27) Three days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Cody), via Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Yellow- stone Lake, to east boundary - * 27.00 (28) Two days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Gib- bon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone - * (29) Two days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Gardiner), via Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner From Cody, Wyo. (east entrance): (8) Six days (entrance, Cody; exit, Cody), from east boundary, via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb 14. OO 14. 50 Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, to east boundary________ *47. 00 (9) Five days (entrance, Cody; exit, Cody), from east boundary, via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, to east boundary-------------- * 38.75 (10) Five-day park tour, from Cody Camp (Gardiner exit) via Yellowstone Lake, Thumb Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon, Canyon, Norris, and Mammoth Hot Springs, to Gardiner, Mont---- *44. 50 * Transportation between Cody and Camp Cody $3 additional one way and $3.75 addi- tional for the round trip. These rates cover service outside the park and are not subject to regulation by the department. They are given simply as a matter of general infor- mation. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. 13 From Cody, Wyo. (east entrance)—Continued. (11) Five days (entrance, Cody; exit, Yellowstone), from east boundary, via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone---- *$43. O0 (30) Four days (entrance, Cody; exit, Yellowstone), from east boundary, via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, - Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone - * 33.75 (31) Three days (entrance, Cody; exit, Yellowstone), from east * boundary, via . Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone_____ " 27.00 (32) Three days (entrance, Cody; exit, Gardiner), from east boundary, via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner___ " 27.00 Diverse route, Canyon to Mammoth, via Roosevelt Camp and Tower Falls: Four dollars extra for transportation and $3 extra for the necessary one-day board and lodging at Roosevelt Camp. . . . This diverse route is available only when Roosevelt Camp is open ; the trip will not be made with less than two persons. Children’s rates: - Children under 10 years of age, half rates. MISCELLANEOUS CHARGES. Camp charges : - - Additional time for holders of tickets or transients, per day, board and lodging, each person $3.00 Single meals, éach person * , • . 75 Lodging, each person - - - --- - 1.00° Sulphur baths at Camp Roosevelt and Upper Geyser Basin, and baths elsewhere, each person - . 50 Feeding horses, oats or hay, each feed, each horse ... 5 Miscellaneous transportation rates:. Wagon (three seats), two horses and driver, when retained during Overtime (additional to $3 for board and lodging), each day______ 5. O0 Concord coach (four seats), four horses and driver, when retained during overtime (additional to $3 for board and lodging), each day- 8.00 Saddle horses, each horse, each day 3. 00 Trunks, cartage between Yellowstone Station and Yellowstone and between Gardiner Station and Wylie Hotel, each trunk, round trip .50 Bicycles carried between stations, each bicycle . 50 Local transportation rates: Gardiner to Swan Lake 3.00 Swan Lake to Upper Geyser Basin 5.00 Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Lake 4.00 Thumb to Lake Outlet (Lake Camp) 3. 00 Lake Camp to Canyon - 3.00 Canyon to Swan Lake 4.00 Canyon to Norris 2. 00 1 Transportation between Cody and Camp Cody $3 additional one way and $3.75 addi- tional for the round trip. These rates cover service outside the park and are not subject to regulation by the department. They are given simply as a matter of general infor- mation. - 14 - . YELLOWSTONE - INATIONAL PARK. Local transportation rates—Continued. Norris to Swan Lake $2.00 Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs 3. 50 Gardiner to Mammoth EHot Springs * 1. 00 Yellowstone Camp to Gibbon Camp 3. O0 Gibbon Camp to Norris e 2. O0 Gibbon Camp to Upper Geyser Basin 3.00 Yellowstone Camp to Upper Geyser Basin 5. 00 Gardiner to Camp Roosevelt 4.00 Canyon to Camp Roosevelt via Dunraven Pass - 4. O0 Lake to Cody Camp (eastern entrance) 5. 00 Canyon to Mount Washburn and return 4. O0 -- - SHAw & PowRLL CAMPING Co. The Shaw & Powell Camping Co. maintains permanent camps and operates a transportation line from Gardiner (northern entrance) and Yellowstone (western entrance). The camps are located at the following points: Near Obsidian Bridge, near Gibbon Falls, near Fountain Soldier Station, near Old Faithful Geyser, at the west . Thumb of the Lake, near outlet of Yellowstone Lake, at Grand Canyon, and near Tower Falls. A lunch station is maintained on Madison River. Stages run daily through the season. The address of this company is Livingston, Mont. Schedule of rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by Shaw dé Powell Camping Co. - Tours AND TRIPS. sº Each of the following trips and tours includes stage transportation, board, and lodging for each person : - H'rom Gardiner (northern entrance) : 1. Five and one-half day trip t - $35.00 2. To Willow Park Camp (overnight) and return 8.50 3. To Norris Geyser Basin and return * 15.00. 4. To Canyon Camp and return- - 30. 00 5. To Yellowstone direct º 15. 00 From Yellowstone (western entrance) : 1. Five-day trip via Lower and Upper Geyser Basins, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth Hot Springs, Willow Park, and return______ 35. 00 2. Four-day trip via Lower and Upper Geyser Basins, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, and return 30. 00 3. To Old Faithful Camp and return 15. 00 Parties may enter at one entrance and leave at the other without extra charge. Children under 10 years, one-half rate. Trunks of tourists, station to hotel and return, free. From Grand Canyon to Mount Washburn and return $5.00 From Grand Canyon via Tower Falls and out at Gardiner, staying one night at Tower Falls 7. OO From Grand Canyon via Tower Falls and out at Yellowstone, with one night at Tower Falls for those holding five-day tickets, and making One day additional, extra charge 7. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 15 For tourists holding but a four-day ticket, this trip via Tower Falls and out at Yellowstone, making two days additional, extra charge---- $12.00 LoCAL TRANSPORTATION BATEs. (a) Gardiner to Willow Park Camp • * $2.75 (b) Willow Park Camp to Gibbon Lunch Station : 3.50 , (e) Gibbon Lunch Station to Nez Perce Camp 1. 50 (d) Nez Perce Camp to Old Faithful Camp -—— 1. 75 (e) Old Faithful Camp to Thumb Lunch Station 3.00 (f) Thumb Lunch Station to Lake Camp 2 (g) Lake Camp to Canyon Camp 2 (h) Canyon Camp to Norris Geyser Basin * ++, 1. (i) Norris Geyser Basin to Willow Park Camp 2. 00 - 2 3 3 (j) Willow Park Camp to Gardiner (k) Yellowstone to Nez Peree Camp O0 (l) Gibbon Lunch Station to Yellowstone ; 00 - - MISCELLANEOUS. . . . ; ; ; ; . . . . . Saddle horses, per day, each ------- $3.00 Board and lodging for detached persons, per day, each - 3.00 Lodging, per perSOn - 1. 06) Single meal . 75 Feeding horses oats, per feed 4 * - . 50 Feeding horses hay, per feed. . 50 Extra Stay at Camps, per day - 3.00 Extra stay at camps, per day, with team $. 5. 00 IBATHIHOUSE. Henry J. Brothers, of Salt Lake City, Utah, under contract with the department operates a pool bathhouse at Upper Geyser Basin. Rates, 50 cents in large pool, $1 in private pool. IPERSONALLY CONDUCTIED CAMPING IPARTIES.- The persons named below are licensed to conduct camping parties through the park. They do not furnish daily service, but make trips on certain dates or special trips as arranged. Additional informa- tion may be obtained by addressing the licensees. Authorized rates of E. C. Brown, and Simon Snyder. [Address, Valley, Wyo.] Regular 10 to 45 day trips, price for each member of party, including transportation, saddle horse, and board and lodging in camp, per day per person $8.00 Authorized rates of Joe Clause. [Address, Yellowstone, Wyo.] Regular 5-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $25.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each Amen]-, ber of party –4. 2. 50 16 : YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. - • Extra charge for saddle horses, per day “ * *...* - ... $1.00 * * -$ Authorized rates of Howard Eaton. [Address, Wolf, Wyo.] Regular- 20-day-trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board-and-lodging in camp, total for trip------------- $150.00 Authorized rates of W. W. and O. 11. Hefferlin. [Address, Livingston, Mont.] From Gardiner (northern entrance): - 53-day trip via Norris, lower and upper geyser basin, Lake, ºr Canyon, Norris, and return $30.00 Bxit via Yellowstone, additional 2. 50 4-day trip to Old Faithful Camp and return *— 25. 00 *Exit via Yellowstone, additional - . . . 2. 50 • 3-day-trip to Grand Canyon via Norris and return——----------- ___ 20, 00 . To Norris and return + 14.00 To Mammoth Hot Springs and vicinity and return--------------- 5.00 From Yellowstone (western entrance) : . - 4-day trip via lower and upper geyser basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, and - return - - s' 26. 50 Exit via Gardiner, additional 2. 50 . . 5-day trip; same as above, including Mammoth Hot Springs------- . 33.00 . To Grand Canyon via Norris and return (limited to 4 or more people) - - 21.00 To Old Faithful Camp and return (limited to 4 or more).-------- 14. 00 Miscellaneous : - - - HFrom Gardiner to Yellowstone via Norris -z :- 14.00 From Yellowstone to Gardiner via Norris (limited to 4 people) --- 14.00 Extra stay at camps, per day &r 3. 00 Extra stay at camps with team per day (limited to 4 people from Yellowstone) - 5. 00 Lodging, per person - * * 1. 00 Meals, per person per meal . 75 Children under 10, hâlf fare on all trips. sº * - Feeding horses, oats, per feed . 50 Saddle horses (each) per day * 3.00, . . Authorized rates of W. H. Jordan. [Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp, per day----------------- $5.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party--- * A. 5. 00 Extra charge for 'saddle horses, per day 1. 50 Authorized rates of S. E. and E. J. Larson. , [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $30.00 * g’ * YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 17 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- : ber of party $5. Extra charge for saddle horses, per day 2. 1-day trip to Mammoth Hot Spring and Golden Gate and vicinity, per perSon per day - - 5. Authorized rates of H. Mullendore. [Address, Cody, Wyo.i. - Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in Camp, per day----------------- $5.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- - ber of party 5. 00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day 7 - 2.00 Authorized rates of Oscar O. Roseborough, and H. P. Grant. w [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trips, price for each member of party, including trans-- portation and board and lodging in camp • $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party * * - - 3. 00 7-day trip; via Tower Falls from Canyon, each memb - 35.00 3-day trip to Grand Canyon and return, from Gardiner---------. 20. 00 Authorized rates of B. D. Sheffield. [Address, Moran, Wyo.] - - - - - - - - - - - -: , ; ; - Does not camp inside of the park, but takes tourists to hotels while en route to hunting lodge at Moran, Wyo., by special arrangement, paying usuai hotel rates for them. - - - • * ~ * Regular trips, price for each member of party, including transporta- tion and board and lodging at hotels (ordinary accommodations), one in party, per day $15.00 For each member of prety, if two in party, per day------------------- 12. 56) Same, with three or more in party, per day - _, 10.00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day-- 5. 09 Authorized rates of Will B. Shore and George T. Hopkins. [Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 16-day trip, price for each member Of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $80.00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day 1. 00 Authorized rates of Bert Stewart and John McPherson. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trips, price for each member of party, including trans- * portation and board and lodging in camp $30.00 Additional, per day, for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- - ber of party - 5. Oſ) 98582°–15—3 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. To Cook City via Tower Falls Station and Soda Butte: Rates for team and driver to Cook City, per day------------------ $7.50 Rates for team and driver to Yellowstone, per day—---—-––– 7. 50 Short one-day trips from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs, Golden Gate, and vicinity: . Regular trips, one day, price for transportation, rig carrying two or three people - 8. 00 For same trip, larger rig, for each p * 2. 00 BoAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE. The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates power boats and rowboats on Yellow- stone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. Under the regulations of the department no power boats are permitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat- Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. • - Rates of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. POWER BOAl S. Lake Hotel to West Arm (Thumb) of Yellowstone Lake, or reverse------ $2.50 Excursions to Southeast Arm of Iake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $20) - 2. 00 33-foot cabin cruiser, with crew, per day 35. 00 For two or more days, per day 25. 00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: - Per day - 15. 00 For first hour . . 3. 00 JFor each additional hour • 2, 00 Over six hours, day rates charged. ROWBOATS. Per day - 2.00 For first hour . 50 For each additional hour - . 25 Over six hours, day rates charged. - Oarsmen : - Per hour . 50 Per day- 4.00 Boat rental and services of oarsmen and motor boat and attendants' time commences from the moment of leaving the dock until return. IFISHING TACIRLE. Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net, per day———-------- $0.50 Same free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies sold from 5 to 25 cents, according to quality. Fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 19 PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST. GARDINER (NORTHERN ENTRANCE) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS.” Gardiner (altitude 5,300 feet) is the terminus of the branch line af the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. The road in general use is east of the arch, near the soldier station. All camping parties are required to register at each of the soldier stations passed in their trip around the park. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured here. There is a fair camping site near the town. As camping is not allowed between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, the next camping place is 1 mile south of Mammoth Hot Springs. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles; the road lies along Gardiner River. - Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,100 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with Surveying instruments. Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by crossing Snow Pass, which is reached by trail, 14 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is obtained a magnificent view to the south and east: It is named from rocks on its eastern face, which suggest the head and foot stones of a grave. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sandstone on the east and compact volcanic breccia on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for Ospreys from time immemorial. Through Boiling River, 4 miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as in- ferred by the name, but varies in temperature due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1 mile to Mam- "moth Hot Springs (6,264 feet), the administrative and social head- 1 The road from Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the belt line road at a point 10 miles south of Norris and at Firehole Cascades, 14% miles south of Norris. (See p. 29.) The route from the western entrance to the belt road is given on page 44. The road from the southern entrance joins the belt line road at Thumb. (See p. 40.) The route from the southern entrance is given on page 46. The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the belt line road at a point about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 40.) The route from Cody is given on page 45. 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. quarters of the park. Here are located Fort Yellowstone (the head- quarters for the Cavalry stationed in the park), United States com- missioner's office, post office, and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. A small herd of tame buffalo is kept 1 mile south of Mammoth Hot Springs on a branch road. There is a good camp- ing place near the buffalo corral; no camping is permitted along Glen Creek nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 6 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. The main attractions of this locality are the large and beautiful hot springs and terraces. - THE TIERIFACES AT IMAIMIMOTEI IFIOT SPIRINGS. In seeing the springs and terraces the direction here given is usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The path starts at Liberty. Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone, now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar in all respects to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Small articles left for five or six days in the water frequently show a deposit one- sixteenth of an inch in thickness. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here as at all other points that the most of the coloring is due to a low form of vegetable life that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. - From Liberty Cap the path runs southwest for 400 feet and then turns to the south, ascending the first bend to Minerva, and Mound Terraces. At Mound Terrace there is a side path to Pulpit Terrace, which passes around Mound Terrace to the left. Two hun- dred feet beyond Minerva Terrace the path climbs the next bench at a very steep angle and continues southeast to the main Jupiter Spring, which is at present the largest spring on this formation. Being large and safely approached on the South side, this spring gives the tourist his best point to view the general features of these springs. The water appears to be boiling, but in reality is not quite hot enough. At many of the springs upon the broad terraces the water presents the appearance of boiling springs, when as a matter of fact the tempera- ture is far below the boiling point. The violent agitation is simply due to the free escape of carbonic-acid gas at the surface. The phenomena may be observed at a number of localities throughout the park. The boiling point on the terraces is 200°F. The blue color of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 21 \ } Libkº & \ *Sº, ſ - PüLP;T - - 1 Naiad Spring \º CES º * Jupiter spºr. *}. - \ Nº. % | ^ \ ^ * cLEoPATRA resnº, \ S->~ % ºr º: & * ...A º piºla Spring & * º ~~~~ # S& * fºss * * SN % V SS * } z \ - Zºº z «6 K erº ^ N. C - *N. }... ." §º" º wanow gaugiennacs.' . ſ ^ \ \ ! N'S | $ pnojºser tennace ^ SS Z S- *-- z *~.S. gº a , sº W. Nº Z$ \ | & 23' ! fºS } | ! - - _^ sº - \ •ger Spring ! & N. ... / ANGEL i & Lookout Bóint TERRA* A Y / \ \ A \ HIGH LAND TERRACE \ \ 2^ W - & /). l,” \ -ye # / ... • Sv. ... }^ - \ vº t/Devils Kitchen \ • & \ ^s. \ Orange Spring Wº. . N *s | - FEET º: * 5 | 25-5-3.5-75–76 : 6 A § f J---~~~~ $ - METERs - - Painted Pool o \ 3 | / * ºr-º-º-º: \ º J 22-" * Road \ s l ,’e * -- * * * * * Path \ § . L^ SKETCH of MAP of MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, the water here and elsewhere in the park is not a mineral color nor a reflection from the sky, but is the natural color of clear water in large bodies. The water escaping from Jupiter Springs rushes down the hillside to the east forming the incomparably beautiful Jupiter Ter- face. From Jupiter Spring the path leads in a general southwest direction past Canary Spring, now dry, across an amphitheater of old formation, dotted with small pine trees. At the southern end of this amphitheater the path passes around a shoulder and to the left lies Angel Terrace. Glen Spring, which is on the right, is now nearly or quite dry. The tourist passes up the next bench around Angel Terrace, keeping this terrace on his left until a shoulder of formation on the right is passed. The path then turns sharp to the right up a narrow gulch ascending the next bench. At the top of this bench at the left is the Devils Kitchen, which may be descended by means of the ladders as far as the tourist finds comfortable. The tourist should note that this is the only opening it is safe to descend, as at all the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small animals fall victims annually to the gas in these openings, although the principal ones have been covered by wire netting. A side path leads from Devils Kitchen to Lookout Point and the Buttress, two prominent points on the old inactive Highland Terrace, from which the view is extensive. The main path then descends a short distance to the west to Bath Lake, where the bathing is very fine in the clear luke- warm water discharged into this lake from a hot spring on its southern shore. The path then runs over a slight rise to the north- west and down to Orange Spring, a very large prominent formation sometimes called Orange Geyser, although not possessing any of the characteristics of a geyser. Here the path merges with an old car- riage road. Should the tourist be sufficiently interested, he may follow this road in a southerly direction to Soda Spring, Stygian Cave, and the White Elephant. Otherwise, the road leads northeasterly to Marrow Gauge Terrace, which has become active within recent years at its western end. South of Narrow Gauge Terrace the path turns sharply to the right and runs along the Esplanade until it turns north and descends to a level formation, which is crossed to the Diana Spring. The waters flowing from this spring form the wonderful Cleopatra Terrace. About 500 feet from Cleopatra Ter- race is a side path to Palette Spring, which has recently become active again. Beyond the side path the main path descends to the level of the starting point, with Hymen Terrace, in some respects the most beautiful of all, on the left. It will repay the tourist to make a side trip completely around this terrace. ... McCartneys Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is now covered by wire netting, on the grass lawn midway between the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 23. hotel and Fort Yellowstone. Cupids Cave, west of Jupiter Spring, has been closed up by deposit from a hot spring and can not now be visited. - SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. Around Bunsen Peak-Twelve miles by a one-way wagon road, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. Guide not necessary. Buffalo herds (tame).--Small show herd is kept in Summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles, east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. One hundred and ninety-three head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. No accommodations nearer than Wylie Camp Roosevelt (12 miles), but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. Tower Falls (132 feet)—Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Accommodations at Wylie Camp Roosevelt, 2 miles from Tower Falls, and at Shaw and Powell camp, one-half mile from the falls. 4. | Petrifted stumps.-Seventeen miles by wagon road and three- fourths mile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. - Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by wagon road, thence 4 miles by trail. Guide needed. Northeastern portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellow- stone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. Wylie permanent camp (Roosevelt) on Lost. Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), and Shaw and Powell permanent camp (20 miles from Mammoth), provide accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Wagon road to Tower Falls, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this trip. MOUNTAIN CLIMIBING, Electric Peak (11,100 feet)."—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL -PARK.. of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bunsen, Peak (8,600 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. . Guide not necessary. Mount Everts (7,900 feet).”—Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 15 miles. No guide needed. " Fishing trips.-One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs may be madé with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- trians, as follows: South on main road to Willow Creek, Indian Creek, Upper Gardiner and branches, and Glen Creek, for small eastern brook trout. Distance 4 to 10 miles. East to Lava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek, 8 miles, for small native or rainbow trout. East or north- east to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for white- fish and native trout. MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS TO NORRIS. Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris (20 miles), are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,000 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused man- ner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock, accompanied by powerful lateral thrusts. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,245 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering this pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Ter- race Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls. - . - Immediately after passing Rustic Falls (70 feet high) the road leads into Swan Lake Basin. The abrupt passing from the frown- ing walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. - - - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak, at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain, then Bannock Peak, Antler Peak, The Dome, Trilobite Point, and Mount Holmes on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Basin, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Dasin. - - - * r * - * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 25 Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post, and the head- quarters camp of the Wylie Permanent Camping Co. is passed just before reaching the 6-mile post. After passing the 6-mile post camp- ing is permitted at any point over 100 feet from the road. However, as the timber commences near this point, the openings where grass can be obtained are noted on the succeeding pages as camp sites. Be- tween 6-mile post and Apollinaris Spring, 10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, are many good camp sites. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7.300 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post, and a little farther at the right of the road is the first camp of the Shaw & Powell Camping Co. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,300 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their ungainly houses. At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,300 feet) is a landing platform on the left of the road for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther on the right side of the road. Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,350 feet) is a cliff of hard, black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. An old beaver house can be seen near the South end of the lake. w . . . A camp site (14 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is passed a mile and a half south of Beaver Lake; next camp site is just South of Bijah Spring, 3 miles farther on. Roaring Mountain (154 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, alti- tude 7,550 feet) is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines 30 feet square on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater: the formation gradually spread to its present size, and it is not cer- tain that the limit has yet been reached. - - Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,513 feet) are two beautiful lakes, very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color. - Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is alongside the road. There is a good camping place just 98582°–15—4 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. south of this spring; the next camp site is on the canyon road a half mile beyond Norris (34 miles from this point). - The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned it its name. NORRIS GEYSER, BASIN. Norris Geyser Basin (20 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 25 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,470 feet).-The soldier station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is good fishing for rainbow trout. The road leading to the right in a Southerly direc- tion is the regular loop road to the Geyser Basins, while that leading to the left in an easterly direction is the loop road returning from the canyon, The geyser basin itself is a half mile south of the junction. * The path for viewing this formation starts immediately in front of the lunch station and follows the board walk in a southwest direc- tion to the road near Black Growler. Owing to the unsafe condi- tion of the crust through this part of the trip it is not wise to step off the walk, Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, and the new opening of the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of the Black Growler first made its appear- ance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin, with the possible exception of the Constant and Minute Man, are constantly changing in size, locality, character of eruption, and nature of contents of tube. The old opening of the Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. Tourists now proceed Southwest along the road to the Bathtub, on the left. Some seasons this is an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes, in other years it boils violently, but does not thrown out any water. From the Bathtub a branch path leads south past Emerald Pool and some Small paint pots that have devel- oped since 1905 to the New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a compara- tively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those . who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from ferruginous minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. The floor of the Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter similar in all respects to the sinter bottoms of the other geyser basins. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths, which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. After returning to the Bathtub the path leads south- west down the hill to the platform near the Minute Man Geyser. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 27 Three hundred feet southeast of the Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Norris's biggest geyser, the Monarch. Unfortunately this º 4% ºšes ſ & gºs 80Aile of FEET *=& & u u-r I n n —l $4° *sº %22, ado'' 6 abo 600 900 1200 § *e º § g J. - 4% N SL}} :S º ^ ? a Realgar Spriºtg §. A Se êe== S} º Q W & Horseshoe Spring SRs Gr - * Yeº- º * Cinder Pool & . . ſº The Re8ervoir V oCrystal Spring & & N0 cº W2 R O 66é88 sº ×8” sº wº sº sº.9 Hydrophane'. Yº w $’sº Springs o Aºs As ſº 69 ſº M. §/Gray Mºula sºrrow &Lakes * º Cold Springs NORRIS GEYSER BASIN. SEETCH MAP OF geyser has the varying habit, and it is almost impossible to foretell what its period between eruptions will be. During 1913 it played 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL. PARK. *. every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud in- stead of clear water as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice. The path continues south to Fearless, Palpitator, Corporal, Viacen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with such uncertain periods of eruptions that they are unsatis- factory to visit. Congress Pool is on the left of the road south of the lunch station, and has at times been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different characteristics from what it had the preceding month or what it may have the following month. The Echinus and Valentine Geysers are well worth seeing, but have seldom played during the last season or two. The Hurricane is now a mud vent on the right of the road south of the Congress Pool. 9. 4. NoFRIs. To Low ER GEYSER BASIN (FountAIN HOTEL). From Norris the road leads southwest to the Fountain Hotel (20 miles). It passes through Elk Park, 2 miles from the junction at Norris, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock forma- tion. Through Gibbon. Meadow, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,315 feet, are good camping places; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on, but there is no forage at the Gibbon Falls camp, the first camp beyond Gibbon Meadows where there is forage being on Firehole River, 13 miles from the Gibbon Meadows. At the south end of Gibbon Meadow a branch road leads to the left to Gibbon (or Artist) Paint Pots, located on the mountain side, 50 feet above the meadow level and a half mile from the main road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time, (about 4% miles from Norris) is a trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monument Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. It is not, however, of enough interest to the casual visitor to pay for the visit, the thermal activity being practically extinct. The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. the canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more prominent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,296 feet) is a fine boiling spring close to the road. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris, altitude 7,100 feet) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (84 miles from Norris), is the very pretty waterfall of Gibbon River . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 29 on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camping site on the left, but it has very little, if any, forage for horses. r Ten miles from Norris a branch road to the west leads to the western entrance. At this point the road leaves Gibbon River, climbs the mountain to the left, and passes for nearly 5 miles over a rolling sandy country covered by pine forests. The road then descends to Firehole River at the Cascades of the Firehole (144 miles from Nor- ris). They are well worth the slight stop and effort required to reach them. Another road from the western entrance joins the belt road at Firehole Cascades. There is good fishing in Firehole River for eastern brook, Lock Leven, Won Behr, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. - - - The road now leads up Firehole River, and just north of the 17-mile post from Norris is a good camp site. Camp sites are now almost continuous for 2 miles. At the 18-mile post a soldier station is passed; in front of this station a short road to Excelsior Geyser and Upper Geyser Basin branches out to the right. This short road, however, misses most of the Lower Geyser Basin. One-half mile from the soldier station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 44 miles farther, is reached. . - SIDE TRIPS FROM FountAIN HOTEL. Great Fountain Geyser and Firehole Basin.—One and one-half miles southeast by wagon road. No guide needed. º - Twin Buttes and Fairy Falls (250 feet).-Three miles southwes by trail. No guide necessary. - Fishing.—Good fishing in Firehole River and branches within easy distance of hotel. - - LOWER GEYSER BASIN (FOUNTAIN HOTEL) TO UPPER GEYSER - BASIN (OLD FAITH FUL INN). Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (20 miles from Norris, 40 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and 45 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,240 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of more thorough examination than can be given to the more prominent ones along the road. - After passing the hotel and crossing a flat a few hundred feet wide, the road ascends a low hill to the Mammoth Paint Pots, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur everywhere throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at the West Thumb. From the unloading platform at the Mammoth Paint Pots a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, { * 30 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. The Clepsytra, Bellefontaine, Jelly, and Jet are all Small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. They are given little attention because of the greater attractions that lie before the tourist. - South of the Mammoth Paint Pots a branch road leads to the left to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless it is important to hurry on. The main road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a pair of con- stantly playing geysers, known as the Black Warrior or Steady. Put the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme western point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. At the eastern end of this small lake is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and super- heated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite . . to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly re- sembles a flame of fire. This continues till the bubble bursts, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The explanation is that the slightly agitated water is reflected in the thin film of the ascending volume of gas. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities, but in a far less striking manner. On the return the road branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, playing every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly con- sidered as one of the sights of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its forma- tion are worthy of close examination. ve Between Firehole Lake and the Great Fountain, Bath Lake, with its bathhouse, is passed; Young Hopeful, Marcissus, Bead, and Pink Cone are all small and interesting geysers. - - To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. - From the Great Fountain two roads lead back to join the main road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of the \ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 31 White Dome. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too feeble to detain the tourist long. --- The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from the Great Fountain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Pool, with phenomena similar to Firehole Nº 3. º $º. g- § *ſºft h; § z-e-H § #! § º #F# § #; 1. * * § §§ § §§ § is a - § # 5 § & s § 3 ; § *: & S +5 \e S. § s tº wº & i W * #ſº § # §§§ §§: :Nº š §§§ §ſ Šč #: sº & # # § # S & § Sh º Sº S bºº .S. So 2 º' sºgiº, e sº Mºore 4 º • ſº > *Xºsº & \, §sº - 3. ſº º { rºo i f *45 * --~ %, ſq \ \}, Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. . . One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring, an exquisite dainty. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prominent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River. tº Midway Geyser Basin (3 miles from Fountain) is, properly speak- ing, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its 32 YELLOWSTONE -NATIONAL PARK. features it has often been given a separate designation. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. The greatest attraction here is Earcelsior Geyser, which was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Prismatic Lake and Turquoise Spring make them worthy companions. --- - Biscuit Basin (6 miles from Fountain) is in reality the lower en of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Geyser. ** - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are Small geysers whose striking formation gives them their character- istic names. - Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is the Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water when in action. TJIPPER GEYSER, BASIN. A mile and half south of Biscuit Pasin, at the base of a small hill, the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Spring, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter that far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. - The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. The Mortar is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last two seasons. - At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from five to six hours. An overflow from the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 33 lower opening presages an eruption within an hour. A camp site is . located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Camping not being º:* * ** $) pittle -& ! &.& f f l t \ y - } | f 4 sINTER PLAIN f w \ e f AT f Creek / | A z | --/ f ,- // \ - 53 / ! \ > - š / | \ sº * ,’ ; | - & Asta Spr z | is: lift S-3 z i; H S ..,’ f iš < ** Iron z ! |- Jº z ! | -1 s A. ! | tº. br; / l Z ; : l 's, # § |--~~~~~ z | *XL SS Y ºook / | -sºS) 2 §/ CŞ. i | PA § ğ. \ \ ch * ine! s & & \ & Pºvelºp, *śrainantor ful - & \ * - \\ nggüory \; - Mºs 3. \ Y Faż. Jºyºtº?” #3 \ j ( Chain Lake Ş. - - - - ! & \ f $ºsiverside } ^ f º/ ) \, *****s- & - . . / Rocket/. 4 A ~~~~~ o \ White Pyramidº § 2 ºf / / $ \ ſº." Wiley Camp # / | > ,” ** > *= --> didº | / * > *TTYºſ. | -- Rübjtº 2-’ /. , *>iſdºiºſ/ \ Q->s9% A & §§ & Devil's Welt" } Round sº 8... ſº Wºłº Purple 8, | z Specimen Lake.” * /, ºft A O Ž Kºš ſ tº "2&\\ Chºmatic / * Emefald. E- ©Beauty ſ tº - sº Sunset/Lakes, - J Itainbow Pool &; g *{S__ : /6 A ſ” GreensSp. Bmerald Pºol oº: *º- Groups. § N. . - Road => - Path -------- - § §gscºte ſº "N scALE of FEET Myriad º * §§ Hill & I–I- m t w t t "hite g& - 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Whi gº, Gººd fºs \ - SCALE of METER8 gº §ºso ſ ... N 200 100 0 200 400 600 The Ruin, Tºšºaienſuº SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN. - allowed in the basin, the next camp site is south of Old Faithful Geyser, nearly 2 miles by road from this point. 98582°–15—5 - 34 YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARK. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty-cráter is more interesting than the erup- tion. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. - - From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. . The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any curiosi- ties except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path.) The road to the right (the Blacksand Road) is slightly longer and passes many curiosities. The road to the right turns up the hill and passes the Wylie camp on the right. Immediately beyond the road comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. During the last five years it has . been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of the Comet, while over near the edge of the formation is the Splendid. The Comet and Splendid very seldom play. These three geysers as well as all springs in this neighborhood are connected. When one of the geysers plays it affects them all. A quarter mile beyond the road passes a crested Spring on a mound on the right. This is the Punchbowl. Then the Black Sand Spring, Specimen Lake, and the Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the Spouter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and the Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful of the Upper Basin springs. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes the Three Sisters group of springs, and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hun- dred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads first to the shattered cone of the Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three pools, normally quiet but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again. But lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without it being seen in action. A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Imme- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 35 diately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less con- nected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. . The Triplets, Bulger, Chimney, and Teakettle are for the most part quiet pools, but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very powerful little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a sharp whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodio is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill Geyser; here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by some peculiarity of its crater. - It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting some- times continues for several days, and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. From this point the path leads to the soldier station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on another footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill of geyser formation, with a group of four geysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. The Lioness, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the large cub, the smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. To the west on the next elevation is the Devils Ear, and a little farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boiling springs. Then the path turns to the south to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located , three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of . the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. 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S. # k- 5 & Geological Survey *——º º - F ſi'c H.s To N E PLAT E A U $ > Tor. 3 § K. S. fl. § tu \, : Lilypatº £º § Pk. \ ul 10, tº- g º \ § º Falls Beula Lake - ) º 221 peº * 80UT o I *Gr *— a rº-r E. ſ,’ \, º: 111°00' L.L. Poares ENGR, G co. N.Y.110°50' ENIRANGE S- ...[ - 110°40' 110°30' - - w A 110°20' 110 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, Smiling crater. When this geyser does start, the vast masses of erupted water are wonderful to behold. - Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the South to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. - On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. - Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and going south to the very head of the basin, the tourist arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists' friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and, in addi- tion, it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of wel- coming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist who cared to look at it. - The head of the Upper Basin is 9 miles from the Fountain, 29 miles from Norris, 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 54 miles from Gardiner, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store is located here near the hotel. The road leaves the basin south of the Old Faithful for the West Thumb, 19 miles away. There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. The forage, however, is scarce at these sites. The next camp site is 4 miles farther, on the branch road to the Lone Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the main road. SIDE TRIPs FROM of D FAITHFUL INN. Shoshone Lake and Geyser Basin.-Four and one-half miles by road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via trail. Union Geyser 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Guide needed. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake, and eastern brook trout. . - TJPPIER, GEYSER, BASIN TO THUMIB OF YELLOWSTONE, LAKE. As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up . Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a plat- form on the right to enable one to view the pretty Keppler Cascades. At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (34 miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to the Lone Star YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 39 Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes, height 40 to 60 feet, altitude 7,600 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 64 miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. - The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Upper Basin, at an altitude of 8,240 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Corkscrew Hill to a little valley at De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last camp site till Dry Creek is reached between 13 and 2 miles farther on. Forage is scarce, and as there is not much water at the next point (2 miles from Dry Creek) it is well to be prepared to go on to the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Sho- shone Lake, which can be reached on horseback by following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,345 feet (15% miles from Upper Basin). From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. s As the road leads out to the lake shore the soldier station is on the left where the road forks. The road to the right leads to the hotel company's lunch station, the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Boundary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the main road. At this point the tourist may ride on the boat to the Lake Hotel (16 miles) on payment of extra charge. This trip by boat is often a relief from the dust and gives many views of the lake that can not be seen from the road. - SIDE TRIPS FROM THUMB LUNCH STATION. Jackson Hole and Lake.—Forty-eight miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,691 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Wagon road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin-Twelve miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. 40 • YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. THE TEIUIMIB. At the Thumb the tourist should see The Paint Pots. They are not as large as the ones at the Fountain, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Come is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake, a quarter mile north of the boat landing. The Lakeshore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. TEIUIMIB TO LAIKE IFIOTEL. * Should the traveler elect to follow the road from West Thumb (19 miles from Upper Basin, 28 miles from Fountain, 48 miles from Norris, 68 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 73 miles from Gard- iner, altitude of Yellowstone Lake 7,741 feet), he will follow the shore of Lake Yellowstone for about 5 miles. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, and on Bridge Creek, 11 miles from Thumb. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheri- dan to the south are had. Near the top of the hill is obtained a fine view of Thumb Bay on the right; a little later the Knotted Woods on the left are passed. The road then traverses a rolling table-land covered with dense pines. At a point 10 miles from Thumb the road crosses Bridge Creek; a half mile farther on is a camp site. The Matural Bridge is about 11% miles from Thumb; it is 200 yards from the road on the left and in plain sight. There is a camp site at this point, and from here to the Yellowstone Canyon good camp sites are Ill III].6FOUIS, - At the Lake Hotel (16 miles from Thumb, 35 miles from Upper Basin, 44 miles from Fountain, 64 miles from Norris, 84 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 89 miles from Gardiner) are the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 14 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. LAKE EIOTEL TO GIRAND CANYON. Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel the road to East Boundary and Cody branches off to the right. Seven and one-half miles from Lake Hotel there are platforms for tourists wishing to see Mud Volcano and Grotto Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley and then enters a narrow valley by side of the Yellow- stone River. *Fifteen miles from Lake Hotel, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across the Chittenden Bridge to the east for 24 miles to Artist Point. From this branch road there can be YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 4l obtained magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many views seen to advantage. The main road leads to the left. In about a half mile the plat- form at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached, steps leading down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther is the soldier station and then shortly after the roads fork again. This is Canyon Junction, 16 miles from Lake, 32 miles from Thumb, 51 miles from Upper Basin, 60 miles from Fountain, 80 miles from Norris, 100 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 105 miles from Gardiner; alti- tude 7,850 feet. Camp sites are opposite the soldier station and across Chittenden Bridge. The road to the right leads to Lower Falls, to the northern side of the Grand Canyon, the Canyon Hotel, and Mount Washburn. There is good fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. . . r - GRAND CANYON. If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high, steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls, that is often over- looked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high, if the tourist wants a little scramble. Another path from the end of . the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The main road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are the stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther, the branch road to the hotel and to Mount Washburn turns out to the left. On the road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. " . - - But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artists Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have risen through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the 42 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes and hence re- tains its dark gray-walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Bowlder, not by any means the only §§ N. º \ §§ \ §§ ^ § 5 \ º \ 2 \ § ; # S-te ow:# 07. Fºss sººqq8 |Ho Tºss oPā; Nāghlāll CN: &º \ i i i i -: * i O |- º i -N i glacier bowlder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This bowlder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 43 GRAND CANYON TO GARDINER WIA NORRIS. On the road from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile and then the road winds through timber-covered rolling country to Virginia Meadows, altitude 7,765 feet, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, where there is a camp site and the fishing is good. This is the only camping ground between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its north bank past the Virginia Cas- cades to Norris Geyser Basin, 11 miles from Canyon Junction. NORRIS TO GARDINER. The tourist returns over the road described on pages 24 to 26 and 19 to 20, GRAND CANYON TO MAMIMIOTEI EIOT SPRINGS WIA. MOUNT WASH- - BURN AND TOWER, FALLS. - In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until after July 1. It leads up past the hotel and the hotel barns. Camp- ing places are scattered all along this road, the best being Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an altitude of 8,800 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by Dunraven Pass Road and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the direct road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (wagons can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good . advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,000 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be - *limbed readily. o - Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numberless opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A footpath bears to the right just before reaching the steel bridge across Tower Creek and leads to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. The base of the falls can be reached 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. by going down to the Yellowstone River and.then up Tower Creek. The two columnar walls in the sides of the canyon across the Yel- lowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The next camp site is near the soldier station, 2 miles farther on. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or mina- rets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a wonder- ful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. --. Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to “Camp Roosevelt,” and one to the right to the main buffalo corral, 12 miles, and to Soda Butte, 17 miles. There is a very pretty walk back of Camp Roosevelt up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Next is the soldier station. The next camp site is 1 mile farther, where a road bears off to the left to the Petrifted. Trees, one-half mile from the main road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Trees Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. . - A mile and a half beyond this creek the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet), remarkable for the development of basalt in the walls of its canyon (East Gar- diner or Lava Creek Canyon). It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. - At Gardiner River, 18 miles from Tower Falls, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mam- moth Hot Springs. YELLOWSTONE, MONT. (WESTERN ENTRANCE), TO THE “Loop , BOAD. - Q Yellowstone, Mont., is the terminus of Oregon Short Line Rail- way, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. The road lies up Madison River to the junction of Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13 miles), where one road leads to the right up YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 45 Firehole River toward Fountain and the other road leads to the left up Gibbon River toward Norris. At Yellowstone the road lies through a level country, and as the river is ascended low hills appear On either side. They increase in height as the river is ascended until they culminate in Mount Burley on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 73 miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from Yellowstone. There is fine fishing at all points for gray- ling, whitefish, native, eastern brook, Loch Leven, Won Behr, and rainbow trout. * * - - On the right fork the loop road is reached at Firehole Cascades, 16 miles from Yellowstone and 5% miles from Fountain. Going up the left fork the loop road is reached near Wylie's Camp, 17 miles from Yellowstone, 10 miles from Norris. CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE TO “LOOP " ROAD. Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 63 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured : here. From Cody, Wyo., to the park boundary automobiles may be driven, but no motor cars are allowed within the park limits. Camp- ing parties from Cody would do well to carry with them feed and forage enough for the first 40 miles, as most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. This road leads over a high and Snowy pass and is seldom open before July 1. Road lies up the Shoshone River through the picturesque valley and canyon of the Shoshone and then up Middle Creek to Sylvan Pass. . - At the eastern entrance is located a soldier station and 1 mile farther is a good camping site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,650 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a danty little sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Syl- van Lake is 9 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,350 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. There is another camp site 4 miles beyond Cub Creek. - Turbid Lake, altitude 7,900 feet, 20 miles from the eastern bound- ary, has a camp site at its southern end. This lake is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom 46 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water for camp purposes in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther and 5 miles from Lake Hotel. The junction point of this road and the Loop Road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 26 miles from the eastern boundary of the park, MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE TO LOOP ROAD. Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. From Moran to the south- ern boundary the road lies to the east of Jackson Lake and Snake River. There are numerous camp sites along this section of the road. . - At the southern station, altitude 6,850 feet, is the soldier station. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is 8 miles farther on. ... • - Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1 mile north of southern bound- ary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to Lewis Falls (upper, 80 feet high; lower, 50 feet high), altitude 7,650 feet, 9 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the burned section the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls, on Astor Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. - Lewis Lake, altitude 7,720 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- dan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 miles north and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 8,000 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park. ToweR FALLS TO BUFFALO FARM, SODA BUTTE, AND CookE, - IVIONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Soldier Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the only wagon road to the mining YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. -47 town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the Mount Washburn road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction Butte is on the right. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 23 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the Smooth, round, glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Farm (30 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), where 193 head of buffalo (bison) are maintained by the Government. Five miles beyond the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley, he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 36 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, with the soldier station on the left. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the Butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the Butte. The northeast boundary is crossed (53 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest, 3 miles before reaching Cooke. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs. The most important geysers and springs are listed below. Prominent geysers and springs. [Based upon observations, season 1913.] |NORRIS BASIN. Name, º: Duration of eruption. intº Remarks. - Peet, essºr Black Growler. --------|----- - * - * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Steam vent only. Constant - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15–35 || 5 to 15 Seeonds...... 20 to 55 Seconds..... -- Congress Pool.------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]- 22- - - - - - - - : - - - - - - - - - - - - Large boiling spring. Echinus---------------- 30 || 3 minutes. -- - - - - - - - - 45 to 50 minutes------- Emerald Pool----------|----, -, -, -i- - - - - - - -. . . . --- Beautiful hot spring. ſurricane.--...-------- 6-8 I-------------------- .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Continuous. Minute Man.... ---. - - - - 8–15 | 15 to 30 Seconds..... 1 to 3 minutes--------- Sometimes quiet for º long periods. Monarch........ ------- 100–125 | 6 minutes........... Irregular.------------- New Crater....... '• - w = * 6–25 || 1 to 4 minutes....... 2 to 5 minutes.-------- Valentine. ----...----. 60 | 15 to 60 minutes..... Irregular, ------------- —r—— - —r 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Prominent geysers and springs—Continued. LOWER BASIN. • - - l Mame. #: Duration of eruption. intº eeſt r Remarks. Feet. - - Black Warrior---------|---------- Continuous----------|----------- : - - - - - -*- - - - - - Small but interesting White Dome..... ------ 10 || 1 minute------------ 40 to 60 minutes.-----. geysers. Clepsydra-...------------ 10–40 | Few seconds.... ---- utes------------- Fountain Geyser - Seldom in eruption. Firehole Lake----------|----------|----------------------|------------------------ Peculiar phenomena. Great Fountain........ 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes. ---. 8 to 11 hours---------- Spouts 4 or 5 times. Mammoth Paint Pots--|----------|- - - - - - - Basin of boiling clay. Tºxcelsior 200–300 About 3 hour Ceased playing in 1888. Prismatic Lake--------|----------|---------------------------------------------- Size about 250 by 400 feet; remarkable col- oring. Turquoise Spring- - - - - - - - - About 100 feet in diam- - eter. UPPER BASIN. Artemisia-------------- 50 | 10 to 15 minutes..... 24 to 30 hours. -------. Varies. Atomizer-------------- 2 ----------------------|------------------------ Bee Hive. ------------- 200 || 6 to 8 minutes....... 3 to 5 times at 12-hour - intervals following - . f* 4. - - Giantess. - Cascade---------------- 30 | 3 minutes.---------- 1 hour---------------- Qº 1898 to fall of Castle------------------ 50–75 30 minutes.......... 24 to 26 hours......... Quiet 4 to 7 days, them - , , - . plays 3 or 4 times at * intervals stated. - Cub, large-------------- Short chimneys to b, Small------------- Lion and Lioness. Daisy------------------ Economic-------------- Seldom in eruption. Fan-------------------- 15–25 | 10 minutes. --------- Irregular-------------- Giant------------------ 200–250 | 60 minutes.......... 6 to 14 days.....------ Giantess--------------- 150–200 | 12 to 36 hours. - - - - - - Irregular 5 to 40 days-- Grand----------------- 2 40 to 60 minutes..... Irregular 1 to 4 days... }rotto 20–30 || Varies.------------- 2 to 5 hours. ---------- Jewel------------------ 5–20 | About 1 minute.--.. 5 minutes------------- Lion------------------- 50–60 | About 2 to 4 minutes | Irregular.............. |Usually 2 to 7 times a Lioness. --------------- 80–100 | About 10 minutes --do-. Played once in 1910 once in 1912, an once early in 1914. Mortar----------------- 30 || 4 to 6 minutes.......[..... O- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Oblong---------------- 20-40 | Several minutes..... 8 to 12 hours. - - - - - - - - - - - Old faithful. ... . . . . . . . . 120–170 4 minutes... -------- 60 to 85 minutes....... tº: interval 70 min- - - - UltièS. Tiverside..... ----..... 80–100 | 15 minutes. ......... About 7 hours...... --| Very irregular. Sawmill.--------------- 20–35 | 1 to 2 hours....... -- Irregular-------------- Usually once or twice a day. Spasmodic ------------- 4 || 2 minutes.......... - 2 to 3 hours. ---------. * & Splendid--------------- 200 10 minutes Not played since 1892. Turban---------------- 20–40 20 minutes.--------- Irregular-------------- Plays intermittently - for 24 hours, follow- ing Notable springs: .Notable Springs—Continued, Black Sand Spring (about 55 by 60- feet). Chinaman. Emerald Pool. Morning Glory. Punch BOWI. Sponge. SunSet Lake. NOTES ON FISH IN YELLOWSTONE PARK, Blackspotted or cut-throat trout (Salmo Mykiss).-Native to many park waters. Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and Yel- lowstone Lake from Pacific slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. YELLOWSTONE. NATIONAL PARK. 49. Whitefish (Coregonus clupeiformis).-Native to Yellowstone River below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. Planted in Yellowstone River above the falls. - - Grayling (Thymallus Ontariensis Montanus).-Native to Madison and Gallatin Rivers and branches. - Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontanalis).-Planted. Loch Leven trout (Salmo Trutti levensis).-Planted. Von Behr (German brown) trout (Salmo Fario).-Planted. Rainbow trout (Salmo Irideus).-Planted. Lake trout (Cristivomer Namayoush).--Planted. Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been heard from since they were planted. WILD ANIMALS. Wild elk, deer, and antelope are numerous in the park; and moose, bison, mountain sheep, black, brown, and grizzly bears, wolves, coy- otes, mountain lions, and the smaller fur-bearing animals are found. Bears are seen daily in Summer at garbage dumps near all hotels and camps, but most of the other wild animals live high up in the mountains or in remote parts of the park during the summer, and tourists who see any of them may consider themselves fortunate. In winter, elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone to see them. BIRDS. Many varieties of Song birds are found in the park in summer, though they can hardly be said to be numerous. Ducks, geese, and other waterfowl are quite numerous and tame, and many of them are seen in winter as well as in summer in streams that are fed by hot springs and consequently never freeze. • - Species marked with an asterisk (*) have been previously recorded from Yellowstone Park. - - ORDER, IPYGOPODES. IDIVING BIRDS, Family ColyMBIDAE. Grebes. Western Grebe, .ºchºmophorus occidentalis. Uncommon migrant. *Horned Grebe. Colymbus auritus. Rare migrant. - *Eared Grebe. Colymbus nigricollis Californicus. Common summer resident. *Pied-billed Grebe, Podily mbus podiceps. Migrant; not common. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Family GAVIIDAE. Loons. Loon. Gavia immer. Rare migrant. ORDER LONGIPENNES. LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. Famliy LARIDAE. Gulls and Terns. *Ring-billed Gull. Larus delawarensis. Summer resident; common. Bonaparte Gull. Larus philadelphia. Rare migrant. *Black Tern. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. Rare migrant. ORDER STEGANOPODES. TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS. Family PELECANIDAE. Pelicans. *White Pelican. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. Abundant summer resident. ORDER ANSIERIES. LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMER.S. • Family ANATIDAE. Ducks, Geese, and Swans. *American Merganser. Mergus americanus. Common summer resident. Red-breasted Merganser. Mergus serrator. Occasional migrant. *Mallard. Anas platyrhynchos. Abundant resident. Gadwall. Chaulelasmus Streperus. Common Summer resident. Baldpate. Mareca, a mericana. Rare migrant. Green-winged Teal. Wettion carolinense. Common summer resident. *Blue-winged Teal. Querquedula discors. Abundant Summer resident. Cinnamon Teal. Querquedula cyanoptera. Occasional summer resident. Shoveller. Spatula clypeata. Common summer resident. *Pintail. Dafila acuta. Rare migrant. *Wood Duck. Aia, sponsa. Rare summer resident. Redhead. Marila dinericana. Common migrant. Canvas-back. Marila valisiºneria. Not Common migrant. Lesser Scaup, Duck. Marila affinis. Common Summer resident. . American Golden-eye. Clangula clangula americana. Abundant migrant. Barrow Golden-eye. Clangula islandica. Resident. *Bufflehead. Charitonetta albeola. Common migrant. Harlequin Duck. Histrionicus histrionicus. Rare migrant. *White-winged Scoter. Oidemia deglandi. Rare migrant. Ruddy Duck. Erismatura jamaicensis. Common summer resident. *Lesser Snow Goose. Chen hyperborea hyperborea. Occasional migrant. *Canada Goose. Branta Canadensis Canadensis. Abundant resident. *Whistling Swan. Olor columbianus. Common migrant. *Whooping Swan. Olor buccinator. Rare migrant. oRDER HERODIONES.. HERONS, STORKS, IBISES, ETC. Family ARDEIDAE. Herons, Bitterns, etc. *Great Blue Heron. Ardea herodias herodias. Tolerably common summer resident. - Black-crowned Night Heron. Nycticoraa, nycticoraa naevius. Rare migrant. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 51 ORDER PALUDICOLAE. C.R.A.NES, RAILS, ETC. Family GRUIDAE. Cranes. *Sandhill Crane. Grus meanicana. Rare migrant. Family RALLIDAE. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. Coot. Fulica a mericana. Abundant summer resident. OIRDIER, ILIIMICOLAIE. SHOIRE BIRDS. Family PHALAROPODIDAE. Phalaropes, Northern Phalarope. Lobipes lobatus. Rare fall migrant. Wilson Phalarope. Steganopus tricolor. Common summer resident. Family RECURVIRosTRIDAE. Avocets and Stilts. *American Avocet. Recurvirostra americana. Rare migrant." Family SCOLOPACIDAE. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. *Wilson Snipe. Gallinago delicata. Occasional summer resident, *Baird Sandpiper. Pisobia bairdii. Tolerably common migrant. Least Sandpiper. Pisobia minutilla. Occasional fall migrant. *Greater Yellow-legs. Totanus melanoleucus. Rare migrant. *Yellow-legs. Totamus flavipes. Migrant; not common. *Western Solitary Sandpiper. Helodromas Solitarius' cinnamomeus. Rare migrant. *Western Willet. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus. Rare migrant. *Spotted Sandpiper. Actitis macularia. Abundant summer resident. Family CHARADRIIDAE. Plovers. *Rilldeer. Oayechus vociferus. Abundant summer resident. OERDER GALLINAE. GALLINACEOUS ISIRIDS. Family TETRAONIDAE. Grouse, etc. *Richardson Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni. Common resident. *Gray Ruffed Grouse. Bonasa umbellus umbelloides. Common resident. Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus. Rare resident. - - OIRIDER, COLUIMIBAE. PIGEONS. Family ColumBIDAE. Pigeons. *Western Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura marginella. Common summer resident. - ORDER RAPTORES. BIRDS OF PREY. Family BUTEONIDAE. Hawks, Eagles, Kites, etc. *Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Abundant summer resident. *Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter veloa. Common summer resident. Cooper Hawk. Accipiter cooperii. Occasional summer resident. 52 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Western Goshawk. Astur atricapillus 8triatulus. Occasional visitor. *Western Red-tail. Buteo borealis calurus. Common Summer resident. *Swainson Hawk. Buteo Swain Soni. Common Summer resident. . . *Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus Sanctijohannis. Rare migrant. *Golden Eagle. Alquila chrysačtos. Rare resident. - *Bald Eagle. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Occasional summer resident. Family FALCONDIDAE. Falcons, etc. *Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus amatum. Rare summer resident. *Pigeon Hawk. Falco columbarius columbarius. Rare migrant. *Desert Sparrow Hawk. Falco 8parverius phalaena. Abundant summer resi- dent. - Family PANDIONIDAE. Ospreys. *Osprey. Pandion haliaentus carolinensis. Common summer resident. Family STRIGIDAE. Horned Owls, etc. *Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Rare resident. Short-eared Owl. Asio flammeus. Not common migrant. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. Otus asio maq; wellide. Rare resident. *Western Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Common resident. *American Hawk Owl. Surmia tºlula caparoch. Occasional. oRDER COCCYGES. cuckoos, ETC, Family ALCEDINIDAE. Kingfishers. * Belted Kingfisher. cervie alcon alcyon, Common summer resident, oRDER PICI. wooDPECKERs, ETC. Family PICIDAE. woodpeckers. *Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus monticola. Common resident. r *Batchelder Woodpecker. Dryobates pubescens homorus. Resident; not COIn IſlOIle - *Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Rare resident. *Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides americanus dorsalis. Rare resident. Red-naped Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius muchalis. Common summer resi- dent. *Williamson Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus thyroideus. Common summer resident. *Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Uncommon summer resident. - *Lewis Woodpecker. A syndesmus lewist. Common summer resident. *Red-shafted Flicker. Colaptes cafer' collaris, Abundant summer resident. ORDER, MACRoCHIRES, GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, ETC. Family GAPRIMUL.GIDAE. Goatsuckers. *Pacific Nighthawk. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis. Common summer resi- dent. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL ' PARIK. 53. Family MICROPODIDAE. Swifts. *White-throated Swift. Aeronautes melanoleucus. Occasional summer resident. Family Trocmilitar. Hummingbirds. *Calliope Hummingbird. Stellula calliope. Occasional summer resident. oRDER PASSEREs. PERCHING BIRDS. Family TYRANNIDAE. Tyrant flycatchers. *Kingbird. Tyrannus tyrannus. Occasional summer resident. *Arkansas Ringbird. Tyrannus verticalis. Occasional summier resident. Say Phoebe. Sayornis sayus. Occasional summer resident. *Olive-sided Flycatcher. Nuttallornis borealis. Common summer resident. *Western Wood Pewee. Myiochanes richardsonii richardsonii. Occasional sum- mer resident. ... • f : * * - Western Flycatcher. Empidomaa difficilis difficilis. Common summer resident. *Traill Flycatcher. Empidomaa traillii trailli. Tolerably common summer resi- dent. - ... • - - Hammond Flycatcher. Empidomaa hammondi. Rare summer resident. Wright Flycatcher. Empidomaa, wrightii. Abundant summer resident. Family ALAutºmar. Larks. *Desert Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema. Common summer resi- dent. - - -- - - Family Corvidae. Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc. *Magpie. Pica pica hudsonia. Common resident. w *Black-headed Jay. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. Common resident. *Rocky Mountain Jay. Perisoreus cana densis capitalis. Common resident. *American Raven, Corvus coraa, Sinuatus. Abundant resident. *Western Crow. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. Not common summer resi- dent. - . - e *Clark Nutcracker. Nucifraga columbiana. Abundant resident. Family ICTERIDAE. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc. *Cowbird. Molothrus ater ater. Rare summer resident. Yellow-headed Blackbird. Xanthocephalus a.anthocephalus, Occasional sum- mer resident. . *. - - Thick-billed Red-wing. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis. Occasional summer resi- dent. *Western Meadowlark. Sturnella neglecta. Abundant summer resident. *Bullock Oriole. Icterus bullocki. Summer resident; not common. *Brewer Blackbird. Euphagus cyanocephalus, Abundant summer resident. Family FRINGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, etc. *Cassin Purple Finch. Carpodacus cassinii. Common summer resident. *Crossbill. Loaia curvirostra minor. Tolerably common resident. White-winged Crossbill. Loaia leucoptera. Rare migrant. *Pale Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Rare summer resident. 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. *Pine Siskin. Spinus pinus pinus. Abundant summer resident. *Western Vesper Sparrow. Pooecetes gramineus confinis. Abundant summer resident. - Nevada Savannah Sparrow. Passerculus sandwichensis meva densis. Common Summer resident. *Western Lark Sparrow. Chondestes grammacus 8trigatus. Rare summer resi- dent. - *White-crowned Sparrow. Zonotrich it leucophrys leucophrys. Abundant sum- mer resident. * *Gambel Sparrow. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Common migrant. White-throated Sparrow. Zonotrichia albicollis. Rare migrant. Western Tree Sparrow. Spizella monticola ochracea. Common winter visitant. *Western Chipping Sparrow. Spizella passerina arizonae. Common summer resident. - e *Shufeldt Junco. Junco hyemalis connectens. Common migrant. Montana Junco. Jumco hyemalis montanus. Migrant. - *Pink-sided Junco. Junco hyemalis mea/rn Si. Abundant Summer resident. Gray-headed Junco. Junco phaeonotus caniceps. Rare summer resident. *Mountain Song Sparrow. Melospiza melodia montana. Common summer resi- dent. *Green-tailed Towhee. Oreospiza chlorura. Rare summer resident *Black-headed Grosbeak. Zamelodia melanocephala. Summer resident; not COIſll DOIſl. - *Lazuli Bunting, Passerina amoena. Occasional summer resident, Family TANGARIDAE. Tanagers. *Western Tanager. Piranga ludoviciana. Common summer resident. Family HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows. *Cliff Swallow. Petrochelidon lunifrons l'unifrons. Common summer resident. *Barn Swallow. Hirundo erythrogastra. Summer resident; not common. *Tree Swallow. Iridoprocne bicolor. Common summer resident. *Northern Violet-green Swallow. Tachycineta thalassina lepida. Common Summer resident. - Bank Swallow. Riparia riparia. Common summer resident. Rough-winged Swallow. Stelgidopterya, serripennis. Rare summer resident. Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes. White-rumped Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus earcubitorides. Occasional Sum- mer resident. Family WIREoNIDAE. Vireos. *Western Warbling Vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsonii. Common summer resident. - Family MNIOTILTIDAE. Wood warblers. *Yellow Warbler. Dendroica aestiva aestiva. Occasional summer resident. Myrtle Warbler. Dendroica coronata. Occasional migrant. *Audubon Warbler. Dendroica auduboni. Abundant summer resident. Townsend Warbler. Dendroica townsendi. Occasional migrant. *Macgillivray Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei. Occasional summer resident. *Pileolated Warbler. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata. Common Summer resident. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 55 Family MoTACILLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits. *Pipit. Anthus rubescens. Abundant migrant; possibly also a summer resident. Family CINCLIDAE. Dippers. *Dipper. Cinclus meanicanus unicolor. Abundant resident. Family MIMIDAE. Thrashers, Mockingbirds, etc. *Sage Thrasher. Oreoscoptes montanus. Common summer resident. *Catbird. Dumetella carolinensis. Rare migrant; possibly summer resident. Family TRogIODYTIDAE. Wrens. cº *Rock Wren. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus. Common resident. - *Western House Wren. Troglodytes aedon parkſmani. Summer resident; locally tommon. *Western Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Occasional. Family CERTHIIDAE. Creepers. *Rocky Mountain Creeper. Certhia familiaris montana. Occasional summer. resident. - * * Family SITTIDAE. Nuthatches., *Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis melsoni. Rare resident. *Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta Canadensis. Common summer resident. Family PARIDAE. Titmice. *Long-tailed Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus Septentrionalis. Rare resident. *Mountain Chickadee. Penthestes gambeli gambeli. Abundant resident. Family SYLVIIDAE. Kinglets, *Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa olivaceus. Occasional Summer resident. *Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Regulus calendula calendula. Occasional summer resident. Family TURDIDAE. Thrushes, Bluebirds, etc. *Townsend Solitaire. Myadestes townsendii. Common resident. Olive-backed Thrush. Hylocichla ustulata, Swain Soni. Occasional summer resident. - Audubon Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Occasional summer resident. - *Western Robin, Planesticus migratorius propinquus. Abundant summer resi- dent. *Mountain Blüebird. Sialia currucoides. Abundant summer resident. RULES AND REGULATIONS. REGULATIONS APPROVED MAY 27, 1911. The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes, United States, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894: 1. It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrusta- tions around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any sub- . stance into the springs or geyser vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park. - *. 2. It is forbidden to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot- spring formations, or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. 3. It is forbidden to cut or injure any growing timber. Camping. parties will be allowed to use dead or fallen timber for fuel. When felling timber for fuel, or for building purposes when duly author- ized, stumps must not be left higher than 12 inches from the ground. 4. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and completely extin- guished when not longer required. The utmost care must be exer- cised at all times to avoid setting fire to the timber and grass. 5. Hunting or killing, wounding, or capturing any bird or wild animal, except dangerous animals when necesary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting an injury, is prohibited. The out- fits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed in the park under other circumstances than prescribed above, will be forfeited to the United States, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation, and the actual owner thereof was not a party to such violation. Firearms will only be permitted in the park on written permission from the superintendent thereof. On arrival at the first station of the park, guard parties having fire- arms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives will turn them over to the sergeant in charge of the station, taking his receipt for them. They will be returned to the owners on leaving the park. 6. Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explo-. sives, or in any other way than with hook and line, is prohibited. Fishing for purposes of merchandise or profit is forbidden. Fishing may be prohibited by order of the superintendent of the park in any of the waters of the park, or limited therein to any specified season of the year, until otherwise ordered by the Secretary of the Interior. 7. No person will be permitted to reside permanently or to engage in any business in the park without permission, in writing, from the Department of the Interior. The superintendent may grant author- ity to competent persons to act as guides and revoke the same in his discretion, and no pack trains shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide. YELLOWSTONE. NATIONAL PARK. 57 8. The herding or grazing of loose stock or cattle of any kind within the park, as well as the driving of such stock or cattle over the roads of the park, is strictly forbidden, except in such cases where authority therefor is granted by the Secretary of the Interior. It is forbidden to cut hay within the boundaries of the park excepting for the use of the wild game and such other purposes as may be author- ized by the Secretary of the Interior or the park superintendent. 9. No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted within the limits of the park. - - 10. Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or dis- played within the park, except such as may be necessary for the cofi- venience and guidance of the public, upon buildings on leased ground. 11. Persons who. render themselves obnoxious by disorderly, con- duct or bad behavior, or who violate any of the foregoing rules, will be summarily removed from the park, and will not be allowed to return without permission, in writing, from the Secretary of the Interior or the superintendent of the park. 12. It is forbidden to carve or write names or other things on any of the mileposts or signboards or any of the platforms, seats, railings, steps, or any structures or any tree in the park. - Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations will be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be subjected to a fine as pro- vided by the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894, “to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes,” of not more than $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding two years, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. * INSTRUCTIONS APPROVED APRIL 15, 1914. 1. The feeding, interference with, or molestation of any bear or other wild animal in the park in any way by any person not author- ized by the superintendent is prohibited. 2. Fires.—The greatest care must be exercised to insure the com- plete extinction of all camp fires before they are abandoned. All ashes and unburned bits of wood must, when practicable, be thor- oughly soaked with water. Where fires are built in the neighborhood of decayed logs, particular attention must be directed to the extin- guishment of fires in the decaying mold. Fire may be extinguished where water is not available by a complete covering of earth, well packed down. - Especial care should be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 3. Camps.-No camp will be made at a less distance than 100 feet from any traveled road. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. article liable to frighten teams must not be hung at a nearer distance than this to the road. The same rule applies to temporary stops, such as for feeding horses or for taking luncheon. -- - Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season, and camp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are aban- doned. Tin cans must be flattened and, with bottles, cast-off cloth- ing, and all other débris, must be deposited in a pit provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unusual places, where pits may not be provided, all refuse must be hidden where it will not be offen- sive to the eye. - - 4. Concessionaires.—All persons, firms, or corporations holding concessions in the park must keep the grounds used by them properly policed and maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. ~ * 5. Bicycles.—The greatest care must be exercised by persons using bicycles. On meeting a team the rider must stop and stand at side of road between the bicycle and the team—the outer side of the road if on a grade or curve. In passing a team from the rear the rider should learn from the driver if his horses are liable to frighten, in which case the driver should halt and the rider dismount and walk past, keeping between the bicycle and the team.- - 6. Fishing.—All fish less than 8 inches in length should at once be returned to the water with the least damage possible to the fish. Fish that are to be retained must be at once killed by a blow on the back of the head or by thrusting a knife or other sharp instrument into the head. No person shall catch more than 20 fish in one day. 7. Dogs.--Dogs are not permitted in the park. . 8. Grazing animals.-Only animals actually in use for purposes of transportation through the park may be grazed in the vicinity of the camps. They will not be allowed to run over any of the formations nor near to any of the geysers or hot springs; neither will they be allowed to run loose within 100 feet of the roads. . 9. Formations.—No person will be allowed on any formations after sunset without a guide. - - - 10. Hotels.--All tourists traveling with the authorized transporta- tion companies, whether holding hotel coupons or paying cash, are allowed the privilege of extending their visit in the park at any of the hotels without extra charge for transportation. However, 24 hours' notice must be given to the managers of the transportation companies for reservations in other coaches. 11. Driving on roads of park.--(a) Drivers of vehicles of any de- scription, when overtaken by other vehicles traveling at a faster rate of speed, shall, if requested to do so, turn out and give the latter free and unobstructed passageway. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 59 (b) Vehicles in passing each other must give full half of the road- way. This applies to freight outfits as well as any other. s (o) Racing on the park roads is strictly prohibited. (d) Freight, baggage, and heavy camping outfits on sidehill grades throughout the park will take the outer side of the road while being passed by passenger vehicles in either direction. (e) In making a temporary halt on the road for any purpose all teams and vehicles will be pulled to one side of the road far enough to leave a free and unobstructed passageway. No stops on the road for luncheon or for camp purposes will be permitted. A team at- tached to a vehicle will not be left without the custody of a person competent to control it; a team detached from a vehicle will be sé- curely tied to a tree or other fixed object before being left alone." !. (f) In rounding sharp curves on the roads, like that in the Goldén Gate Canyon, where the view ahead is completely cut off, drivers will slow down to a walk. Traveling at night is prohibited except in cases of emergency. - - - (g) Transportation companies, freight and wood contractors, and all other parties and persons using the park roads will be held liable for violation of these instructions. - (h) Pack trains will be required to follow trails whenever prac- ticable. During the tourist season, when traveling on the road and vehicles carrying passengers are met, or such vehicles overtake pack trains, the pack train must move off the road not less than 100 feet and await the passage of the vehicle. (i) During the tourist season pack animals, loose animals, or sad- dle horses, except those ridden by duly authorized persons on patrol or other public duties, are not permitted on the coach road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. - (k) Riding at a gait faster than a slow trot on the plateaus near the hotels where tourists and other persons are accustomed to walk is prohibited. - (l) Mounted men on meeting a passenger team on a grade will halt on the outer side until the team passes. When approaching a passenger team from the rear, warning must be given, and no faster gait will be taken than is necessary to make the passage, and if on a grade the passage will be on the outer side. A passenger team must not be passed on a dangerous grade. (m) All wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. This order does not apply to express freight hauled in light spring wagons with single teams. * - - 12. Liquors.--All beer, wine, liquors, whisky, etc., brought into the Yellowstone National Park via Gardiner to be carried over the 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. roads through the reservation to Cooke City, must be in sealed, con- tainers or packages, which must not be broken in transit. 13. Miscellaneous.--Automobiles are not permitted in the park.” IPersons are not allowed to bathe near any of the regularly traveled roads in the park without suitable bathing clothes. ~ , 14. Penalty.—The penalty for disregard of these instructions is summary ejection from the park. - Moţāoes.— (a) Boat trip on Yellowstone Lake: The excursion boat on Yellowstone Lake plying between the Lake Hotel and the Thumb lunch station at the West Bay is not a part of the regular transpor- ,tation of the park, and an extra charge is made by the boat company for this service. * . (b) Side trips in park: Information relative to side trips in the párkſ and the cost thereof can be procured from those authorized to transport passengers through or to provide for camping parties in the park; also at the office of the superintendent. - (c) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the reservation should be made to the superintendent in writing. - - PANORAMIC VIEW. The view described below may be purchased from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. . . . --- Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21 inches; scale, 3 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” This view is based on accurate surveys and gives an excellent idea of the configuration of the surface as it. would appear to a person flying over it. The meadows and valleys are printed in light green, the streams and lakes in light blue, the cliffs and ridges in brown tints, and the roads in light brown. The lettering is printed in light brown and is easily read on close inspection, but merges into the other colors when the sheet is held at Some distance. MAPS. Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below. Remittances should be by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park; size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. I’rice 40 cents.” The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines *Automobiles will be allowed in the park after Aug. 1, 1915, under appropriate regula- tions and after payment of a license fee. Regulations will be issued later and may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Interior and the acting superintendent of the park. * May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, but that officer can not fill mail orders. e YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARK. 61. The areas north, east, and South of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north Qf park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa Sheets, Scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - LITERATURE. GovKRNMENT PUBLICATION S. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be, obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be ad-, dressed to the officers mentioned. . DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The two following publications may be obtained free by written request addressed to the Secretary of the Interior or by personal ap- plication to the office of the superintendent of the park: General information regarding Yellowstone National Park. This circular is issued each season and contains data regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, lists of books and magazine articles, a sketch map, and the rules and regulations. Annual report of the superintendent of Yellowstone National Park. This is the annual administrative report ; it does not contain illustrations or descriptive matter. - SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., at the prices given. Remittances should be by money order or in cash: - - Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10, cents.” . This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park, Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents." - This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, but that officer can not fill mail orders. 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, IBOOKS. AELEN, E. F. A Guide to the National Parks of America, 1915. 286 pages. tº: O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910], 56 pp., IIIus- rated. - BARTH, THEODOR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. BRYee, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descrip- tive. 1895. 397 pp., illustrated. CRONAU, RUDOLF. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259–275. DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914. 198 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 83–90; Glacier on pp. 23–26 ; Crater Lake on Pº; '30–41; Mesa Verde on pp. 78–80; Yosemite on pp. 147–156; Sequoia on pp. 161–162. DUNRAVEN, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. - A good description of the park in its early days. - FINCK, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293; Yosemite on pp. 81-107; Crater Lake on pp. 157– 158; Mount Rainier on pp. 209–216. - FounTAIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An atecount of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park is described on pp 173–195. Contains also descriptions of Yosemite, Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake. GUNNISON, ALMoN. Rambles overland, 1884. 245 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 27–82; Yosemite on pp. 125–156. HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914. 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86; Mount Rainier on pp. 99–109. HARRISON, CARTER H. A summer’s outing and the old man’s story, 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. 172 pp., illustrated, HERBERTSON, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. lºstone on pp. 171–180; Yosemite on pp. 194–196; Crater Lake on pp. HESSE-VARTEGG, ERNEST Von. Nord-Amerika : Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 vols. 1880. - Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242; Yosemite in vol. 2, pp. 130–144. - HIRSCHBERG, Ju1.1 U.S. Von New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblatter. 1888. 276 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 77–111; Yosemite on pp. 190–201. Holm Es, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. . Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - JoBINSON, CLIFToM. Highways and by ways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. • * • * Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. IKIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. RUNTZEMüLLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908. 40 pp. LANGFORD, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. YELLowston E NATIONAL PARK. 63 LEGLERCQ, JULES. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l'Amerique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. - MORRIs, Mrs. JAMES EDWIN. A. Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illus- trated. - Yellowstone on pp. 236—255; Yosemite on pp. 191–209. MUIR, JoBIN. Our national parks; 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. tº Yellowstone on pp. 37–75; Yosemite on pp. 76—267; Sequoia and General Grant on pp. 268–330. -- - MURPHY, JoBIN. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. - Yehowstone on pp. 209–222. - . . - MURPHY, THOMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912, 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58; Yosemite ori pp. 59–109. Contains color reproductions of Moran’s paintings, - - PECB, J. K. The seven wonders of the new worfd. Í885. 320 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 71–114; Yosemite on pp. 205–244, 284–320. PIERREPONT, EDWARD. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311 ; Yosemite on pp. 58–68. PORTER, T. C. Empressions of America. 1899. 241 pp. illustrated. ' Yellowstone on. pp. 24–93.; Yosemite on pp. 108–442. PRICE, ResE LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 166–217. - - RICHARDSON, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., it!ustrated. RoBERTs, EDwARD. Shoshone arid other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. * * - RYDBERG, PER AXEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. - SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. i. 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913, 339 pp. * Yellowstone on pp. 134–160; Yosemite on pp. 192–224. SENN, NICHOLAS. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp. illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17-92; Yosemite on pp. 93–147. Contains notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. - SESSIONS, FRANCIS C. From Yellowstorie Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. • Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. SMETH, F. DUMoWT. ''Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDWIN J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illus- trated. * - STODDARD, JoHN L. Leetures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 20%–304. STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - SYNgE, GEORGINA. M. A ride from through Wonderland, t&92. 166 pp., illus- trated. TAYLOR, CHARLES MAUs, Jr. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone.' (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 283—388. TISSANDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170—#88; Yosemite on pp. 139–165. • TOMLINSON, EVERETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. [1906.] 399 pp., illustrated. - U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrog- raphy, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a deseription of the geology. 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. • - - - Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. - WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. Contains notes on the fauna and flora. IMAGAZINE, AIRTICLES. AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. - AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION (Washington, D. C.) National Parks, 32 pp. Contains “National Parks, the need of the future,” by James Bryce; Address on j, , ; ; a Bureau of National Parks, by W. H. Taft ; Address on a Bureau of National #. § Walter L. Fisher; “Are National Parks worth while 2 ” by J. H. I’lā,110. AMERICAN FoRESTRY, vol. 19 (May, 1913), pp. 300–317. Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - AMERICAN GEologIST, vol. 20 (September, 1897), pp. 159–167. Some geological cause of the Scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook.’ "AMERICAN HomEs AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by K. L. Smith. - ; : . -- AMERICAN INSTITUTE of MINING ENGINEERs, TRANSACTIONs, vol. 16 (1888), pp. 46–49. Engineering relations of the Yellowstone Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 16 (1888), pp. 783–803. Geological history of the Yellowstone Na- tional Park, by Arnold Hague. Vol 17 (1889), pp. 449–453. Soaping geysers, by R. W. Raymond. AMERICAN Journ AL of SciENCE, 3d s., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872), pp. 105–115, 161–176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Fire- hold Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. • ... • 3d S., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by F. W. Hayden. . - 4th S., vol. 1 (June, 1896), pp. 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. 4th S., vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Tertiary floras of the Yellow- stone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. - 4th S., vol. 5 (May, 1898), pp. 323–333. Some conditions affecting geyser eruption, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. - AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279-290. The geysers of Mon- tana. . - – vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock. - vol. 15 (March, 1881), pp. 203—208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellow- stone Park, by W. H. Holmes. t vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040. The present condition of the Yellowstone National Park, by E. D. Cope. - - - - - ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, wol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 1–12. The parks and recreation facilities in the United States, by John Nolen. vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 15–24. Our national parks and reservations, by W. M. Curtis. APPLETON's Journ AL, vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - - AROUND WoRLD, vol. 1 (July–August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. - ART Journ AL, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–328. The American wonderland, by Edward Roberts. - * ATLANTIC MonTHLY, vol. S1 (January, 1898), pp. 15–28. The wild parks and reservations of the West, by John Muir. ** * vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by John Muir. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * . 65 BULLETINs DE LA SoCIÉTÉ DE GEOGRAPHIE DE PARIS, 6th series, vol. 12 (August, 1876), pp. 196—199. Explorations faites sous la direction du Dr. Hayden pendant I’année 1875 dans les Territories de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. BULLETINs DE LA SoCIÉTÉ Roy ALE BELGE DE Géograph.IE, vol. 9 (July–August, 1885), pp. 393—422. Les Geysirs de la terre des merveilles, by J. Leclercq. , CENTURY, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. . A place of marvels: Yellow- stone Park as it now is, by R. S. Baker. * * * CHAMBERs’ Journ AL, 4th S., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. - - * > * : Country LIFE, vol. 22 (June 1, 1912), p. 88. Horseback in Yellowstone Park, by E. Sweet. - - , (January, 1913), pp. 33–36. Touring in our national parks, by E. A. Mills. - * * CURRENT LITERATURE, vol 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. .." - - DEUTSCHE RUNDsCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (February, 1879), pp. 240–245, Der Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten, by J. Chavanne. § - * (July, 1896), pp. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, by Seig- mund Bergmann. º . . . ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. . - n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by . Francis Francis. e GARDEN AND FoREST, vol. 7 (Apr. 4, 1894), p. 131. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. S. Sargent. . . . . . . . . . . . GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITsch RIFT, vol. 1, pp. 79–89 (1895). Der National-Park am Yellowstone, by Prof. Dr. H. Credner. - . . " GLOBUs, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 118–120. Die Geyser im neuen Wunderland am Obern Yellowstone. - - vol. 27 (1875), pp. 289—294, 305–309, 321–325, 337–341. Die Geyserregion am Obern Yellowstone. - vol. 28 (1875), pp. 65–70, 81–86, 97–101. Dr. Hayden’s und Langford’s Expedition nach den Felsengebirgen. - - HARPER's MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), 869–890. . The three Tetons, by A. W. Rollins. - vol. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. [Beauties of the Yellowstone National Park.] . - * As * ~~ - HARPER's WEEKLY, vol. 41 (June 5, 1897), pp. 563–567. The national parks and forest reservations, by John Muir. - * * vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. Lindsey. HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und December, 1898), pp. 49–61, 109–121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, by P. Schwahn. - - - HISTORICAL SocIETY OF MonTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149–233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. * - - vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addi- son M. Quincy. - -- vol. 4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August and September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. - vol. 5 (1905), pp. 349–369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yel- lowstone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. - • vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370-394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. - * vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562. The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong. 66 * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARFC. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. - vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of- the Yellowstone, by C. L. Thompson. - * Poem. - vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. Description of the geological history of the park and of the geological features along the tourist route. INDoors AND OUT, vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. INTERNATIONAL GEoLogical, CoNGREss, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - - IP Bºscription of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone 8. I’K. Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFüETER WEREINS FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, pp. 57–59 Jahrgang, pp. 9–17. Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, . by A. Andreae. Journ AL of GEOGRAPHY, wol. 11 (June, 1913), pp. 814–320. Geology of Yel- lowstone National Park, by N. M. Fenneman. - Journal, of GEoLogy, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode. - - - An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. KANSAs CITY REVIEw of SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. Kosmos, 6 JAHRGANG (1909), pp. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, by J. Burroughs. * º 7 JAHRGANG (1910), pp. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, by Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. - LADIEs’ Home: Journ AI, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through pictur- esque America. vol. 21 (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by S. M. Dale. - LA NATURE (2e ser.), vol. 8 (1902), pp. 247–250. Les geysers américains, by M. Boule (reprinted in Le Mouvement Géographique, Bruxelles, 1902), vol. 19, pp. 170–171. - LEISURE HouR, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE's WEEKLY, vol. 85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way we live. Our national zoo, by John Bonner. LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688–704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. - - & vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. Poem. •. - - - LITERARY DIGEST, vol. 46 (June 7, 1913), p. 1303. Western mountains and na- tional parks. LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL's LIVING AgE, vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, by Francis Francis. MACMILLAN's MAGAZINE, vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421–435. The geyser of the ,Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Mountains, by P. Koch. MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yellowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions. - vol. 13 (February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 6'ſ MANCHESTER IENGLAND1 GEOGRAPHICAL SoCIETY JOURNAL, vol. 15 (January to March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. MooDY, vol. 14 (November, 1912), pp. 367–375. Yellowstone Park, bankers' trip through, by F. W. Ellworth. z - - MoToR AGE, vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 1–10. Uncle Sam.–His Parks, by C. G. Sinsabaugh. • * * vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 10–12. How to get to the national parks, by John P. Dods. * - MUTTER ERDE, vol. 3, 1900, pp. 12–14, 48–52, 70–72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, by Th. Rirchhoff. * - - NATION, vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by BL. T. Finck. - j - vol. 46 (Jan. 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. The Yellowstone Park as a forest res- ervation, by Arnold Hague. - -- - - - - vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), p. 219. The Yellowstone National Park, [review of H. M. Chittenden's book], by E. Coues. . - • : -- - vol. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276–277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H. T. Finck. vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 248—250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. - - - - MATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE, vol. 23 (June, 1912), pp. 531–579. Our na- tional parks, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - * . vol. 24 (July, 1913), pp. 808–834. Wild animals that took their own pictures by day and by night, by G. Shiras. . - ... " - • NATIONAL MAGAZINE, vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Van Blarcom. . - - . vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611—614. Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, by L. R. Freeman. - - NATUR, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 340–342, 345–347, 363–366, 372—375. Die Geyser und - das Geyserland am Yellowstonefluss in Nordamerika, von O. Ule. - vol. 45 (Sept. 6, 1896), pp. 429–432. Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fiebelkorn. - s. NATURE, Vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. Vol. 6, (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437–439. A gigantic “pleas- ure ground ’’; The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NEUEs JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE (1893), vol. 2, pp. 1–25. Ueber die künst- liche Nachahmung des Geyserphinomens, by A. Andreae. & NINETEENTH CENTURY, wol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369–377. The Yellowstone geysers, by F. Francis. OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), pp. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455–472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. Andrews. - vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. - '. OUTDOOR LIFE, vol. 27 (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J. A. McGuire. - OUTDOOR WORLD AND RECREATION, vol. 49 (July, 1913), pp. 22–26. Vacation jaunts to Uncle Sam's playgrounds, by Arthur Chapman. OUTING, vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. O. Owen. vol. 30 (May, 1897), pp. 163–164. A woman's trout fishing in Yellowstone Park, by M. T. Townsend. vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone National Park, by W. W. Thayer. - * vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H. Henderson. - - — vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508—511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yel- lowstone Park, by B. E. Clark. vol. 61 (January, 1913), pp. 449–455. Four-footed citizens of the Yellow- Stone, by J. M. Johnson. - ** 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. OUTLook, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by H. H. Lewis. . e vol. 95 (May 28, 1910), pp. 157–169. Scenery as a national asset, by Allen Chamberlain. - vol. 100 (Feb. 3, 1912), p. 246. A national park service. -- vol. 102 (Dec. 14, 1912), pp. 811–815. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. - - OverLAND MONTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489–496. The Washburn Yellowstone expedition. 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1–13. The world's wonderlands in Wyo- | ming and New Zealand, by C. F. G. Cumming. 2d S., vol. 29 (June, 1897), pp. 594-603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. - PETERMANN's GEOGRAPHIschE MITTEILUNGEN, vol. 17 (1871), pp. 278–279. Eine | Wunderwelt am Yellowstone. - vol. 18 (1872), pp. 241–253, 321–326. Die neu entéleckten Geyser Gebiete am oberen Yellowstone und Madison River. . - $ vol. 38 (1892), pp. 92–93. Ueber das Anseifen der Geyser im Yellowstone National Park, by Dr. Carl Diener. - - PLANT WoRLD, vol. 1 (January, 1898), pp. 52–55. The standing fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. - PopULAR SCIENCE MonTHLY, vol. 25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world's geyser regions, by A. C. Peale. — vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289–295. A great winter sanitarium for the * American Continent, by Edward Frankland. * : vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Tillman. vol. 54 (February, 1899), pp. 475–481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park] : A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. - - — vol. 80 (June, 1912), pp. 531-547. The national parks from the scientific and educational side, by L. F. Schmeckebier. RECREATION, vol. 4 (May, 1896), pp. 221–225. Game in the Yellowstone National Park, by O. D. Wheeler. • . vol. 11 (August, 1899), pp. 103–104. Glories of the Yellowstone, by I. W. Walker. - - — vol. 12 (June, 1900), pp. 449–450. Predatory beasts in Yellowstone Park, by U. S. Bracket. - — vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 417–423. In a wild animal republic, by Dan Beard. — vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 425–429). Protect the game in Yellowstone Park, by L. R. Freeman. - vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 431–434. From New York to Heaven, by Myra Emmons. e vol. 30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53–55. “Sage brush" in Yellowstone Park, by H. D. Foster, • - & - - vol. 34 (December, 1911), il., pp. 262—263. A walking trip through Yellowstone Park, by C. P. Fordyce. vol. 36 (July, 1912), pp. 32–33. Wyoming's entrance to Yellowstone Park, by W. N. Montfort. - - REVIEw of REVIEws, vol. 40 (July, 1909), pp. 44–48. The Nation’s playgrounds, by G. O. Smith. - SAINT NICHOLAs, vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by Everett Foster. vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat by W. H. Weed. vol. 13 (April, 1892), pp. 230–236. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by W. H. Weed. ScIENCE, vol. 11 (June 1, 1888), pp. 255–256. [Map of] the Yellowstone Na- tional Park. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 69 SciFNCE, Vol. 13 (May 17, 1889), pp. 382–384. Soaping geysers, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (Jan. 16, 1891), pp. 36–37. Mineral waters of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. H. Weed. ; : . . . ! - vol. 22 (Nov. 3, 1893), pp. 244–246. Overland sounds in the vicinity of Yellowstone Läke, by Edwin Linton. a f - - n. S., vol. 6 (July 30, 1897), pp. 145–157. Vegetation of the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, by B. M. Davis. - * - - n. S., vol. 9 (Feb. 24, 1899), pp. 425–442. Early Tertiary volcanoes of the Absaroka Range, by Arnold Hague. . . - --- . . . . . —n. S., vol. 19 (Apr. 15, 1904), Death Gulch, by F. W. Traphagen. n. S., vol. 33 (Apr. 14, 1911), pp. 563-568. Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. vol. 37 (Mar. 21, 1913), pp. 446–447. Yellowstone, by W. S. Franklin. S ºl. 37 (June 20, 1913), p. 941. Yellowstone Park and bears, by J. L. IIll LI1. " - . . . ; vol. 38 (July 25, 1913), pp. 127–129. Yellowstone Park bears a nuisance, by W. S. Franklin. - - • * SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, vol. 82 (Jan. 27, 1900), p. 60. Rapid decline of geyser activity in Yellowstone Park, by E. H. Barbour. .. - ... . . ScIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPEMENT, vol. 55 (Jan. 3, 1903), pp. 22575–22576. . The geysers of Yellowstone Park, by D. A. Willey. - * . . * * * Scottish GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE, Vol. 8 (May, 1892), pp. 233–248, : The Yellowstone region and its geysers, by H. M. Cadell. - • - SCRIBNER's MAGAZINE, vol. 35 (May, 1904), pp. 518–527. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - -- - - - - > - Sº- SCRIBNER's MoRTHLY, vol. 2 (May and June, 1871), pp. 1–17, 113–128. The wonders of the Yellowstone, by N. P. Langford. • E yº. 3 (November, 1871), pp. 1–17. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. VertS. • * . . . . - vol. 3 (February, 1872), pp. 388–396. More about the Yellowstone, by F. W. Hayden. ... - * - • . - vol. 6 (June, 1873), pp. 129–157. The ascent of Mount Hayden, by N. P. Langford. ------ * - sº...’s “ -- * * **** ..s. **** **** - SIERRA CLUB BuLLETIN, vol. 8 (January, 1912), pp. 236–239. Are national parks worth while? by J. Horace McFarland. - vol. 9 (January, 1913), pp. 28–32. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. ::::::" . . . . . . .e.: SouTHERN MAGAZINE, Vol. 9 (August, 1871), pp. 219–223. The falls of the Yellowstone, by Howard O'Neill. SPECTATOR, vol. 81 (Dec. 24, 1898), pp. 944–945. The Yellowstone Park to-day, SUNSET, vol. 27 (August, 1911), pp. 131–140. Yellowstone Park before the season opens, by A. W. North. ... • *, *: . & - TIJDSCHR. Kon. NEDERL. AARDR. GENOOTSCHAP (1891), pp. 444–484. Geysers, by H. Zonderwan. 4… “-ºs--~. ... re-- - ToUR DU MoRDE, vol. 28 (1874), pp. 289—352, Le parc national des Etats-Unis, by MM. Hayden, Doane et Langford. TRAVEL MAGAZINE, Vol. 16 (March, 1911), pp. 233—236. The how and why of geysers, by C. H. Claudy. vol. 23 (May, 1914) pp. 19–21. Petrified forests of Yellowstone Park, by G. E. Mitchell. . . . . . . * - UEBER LAND UND MEER, vol. 101 (1909), pp. 311-313. Geyser und heisse Quellen, by Dr. M. Wilh. Meyer. - - VERHANDLUNGEN DER GESELLscHAFT FüR ERDKUNDE zu BERLIN (1887), vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 154–171. Ein Ritt durch den Yellowstone Park, by E. Deckert. Wom FELS ZUM MEER, vol. 15 (1896), pp. 374–379. Der Yellowstone Park in Nordamerika, by Max Graf von Zeppelin. — vol. 23 (1904). Der Yellowstone Park, by O. Eckstein. WESTERN MonTHLY, vol. 4 (July, 1870), pp. 60–67. Walley of the Upper Yellow- stone, by C. W. Cook. 70 * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. WoRLD To-DAY, vol. 8 (June, 1905), pp. 631–639. A nation's playground, by H. F. Cope. - - — vol. 19 (November, 1910), pp. 1263–1272. Touring Yellowstone Park on Government highways, by M. O. Eldridge. º WoRLD's WoRK, vol. 6 (June, 1903), pp. 3569—3576. On horseback through the Yellowstone, by H. D. Sedgwick, jr. - vol. 24 (May, 1912), pp. 68–77. Unknown wonders of our national parks. ZEITUNG DES WEREINS DEUTSCHER EISENBAHNVERWALTUNG, Vol. 48 (September, 1908), pp. 1151–1154, 1167–1169. Die Erschliessung der Yellowstone National Park in den Vereinigten Staaten von America durch Werkehrswege, by A. Rüntzemuller. OTHER NATIONAL PARKs, The circulars containing information about National Parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. - Yosemite National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Mount Rainier National Park. Parks. - Crater Lake National Park. The Hot Springs of Arkansas. Mesa Verde National Park. Glacier National Park. JUNE 30, 1915. YELLOWSTONE NATION ATL PARK. 71 Blackfoot Pocatello eX\ford GLACER 7: NATIONAL ºxy •º. * BeltonA'." Jhelby * is: Glacier Park GT. o?» - Kalispell - *: Glasgow W• 4. © . & zº - ?: & sº º *-*" * /V. \M ) O N TTNº. A A. \ SQMissoula Q," Lewistown **) ** 4. Hel * dº elena, g sº :A,” st P. Fº M. : ST-2 So QS & C- 3"> y A S// S. tº: e co Ca wº X Butte Lombard tº ~ S (N Cº. to. J g Bozema * * * * <2 v \ */Livingston Billings TNº l QS Q? tº V Q. \ *\ Gardiner Frannie YELI gº NATIONAL PARK W Y O M I N G. H. Thermopolis G. & % w RY. Lander C. on tº C O L 0 R A D 0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Approximate Scale 200 Stat. Miles MAP SEIOWING RAILROAD ROUTES TO YELLOWSTONE AND GLACIER NATIONAL - - IPAB WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. : 1915 The Yellow sºme. Neviews. Vovk, ~ | }ºs ș VSTest sythe Tw"ev ſov. ſaxaer-ræææ =-z=x++; ± − ×××=r：:-→ →****• •**£v * ±--、、 、 、、、、、、、 - ~º ~;~~~~ ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ ¿“;” “-“ №ſș*** * ... ******* ！！！--*******************~*=~~~~**********xxxxxxxxx…， § 2，******* _ . . . .* * * * * * ?, :-）--º--º-:-:----#**==:：=?+==~~=?+ 2:2， 3，…:;~ ~~ ###×#######-###ȱ ~~~~ - - -: ### *####### *~*~.ºr:#::-***#:;ºſ:ā - ::：:: ~~）; 2-ºſ. ¿№ałą， g :::::: £ 37. ^~----: » »， †ī£§§§§） ËËĚ########******~~ ~~&， && （ſººſi...…. :，:.zē.z:（ …??--ſaellſ :-（（（…） e• × ± •~&#;;;;…“， iſ .* * · · · · -3 × °）... ~ ~~- #######23############•.•- - -##..…ö （???-±√∞----*********）T:::：:---~~~::-* = #:### #|--~ ~ . .- - - ---- - ºrsmº º 72 2 , 44 (2 53 UNIV. OF MICH, LIBRARY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, FRANKLIN K. LANE, SECRETARY ſ nº-º. ~ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Season of 1916 #3; GENERAL INFORMATION The Wonder Spot of America—Its Marvelous Geysers and How to See Them—How a Geyser “Works”—The Gorgeous Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, brilliant and varied in color beyond description— Largest Wild Animal Refuge in the World—The Petrified Forests— How to Reach the Park—Hotels and Camps and Cost of Living— Traveling Facilities and Cost—Maps. . - WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 THE NATIONAL PARKs AT A GLANCE Chronologicalis, in the order of their creation - [Number, 14; Total area, 7,290 Square Miles] Nºël AREA 1Il in order of LOCATION square DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS creation miles Hot Springs...... Middle 1} || 46 hot springs possessing curative properties—Many hotels and 1832 Arkansas boarding houses—20 bathhouses under public control. Yellowstone...... North- 3,348 || More geysers than in all rest of world together—Boiling 1872 Western springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified forests—Grand Canyon Wyoming of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes—Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wilderness inhabited by deer, elk, bison, moose, antelope, bear, moun- tain sheep, beaver, etc., constituting greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world—Altitude 6,000 to 11,000 feet— Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite......... Middle 1,125 | Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Romantic vistas— - 1890 eastern Many waterfalls of extraordinary height—3 groves of big California trees—High Sierra—Large areas of snowy peaks—Waterwheel falls—Good trout fishing. Sequoia.--------. Middle 237 || The Big Tree National Park—12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in 1890 eastern . diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter–Towering mountain California ranges—Startling precipices—Fine trout fishing. General Grant....] Middle 4 || Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet 1890 eastern in diameter—6 miles from Sequoia National Park and under California Same management. Mount Rainier...] West 324 || Largest accessible single-peak glacier system—28 glaciers, some 1899 central of large size—48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet - Washington thick—Wonderful sub-Alpine wild-flower fields. Crater Lake...... South- 249 || Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano, no 1902 western inlet, no outlet—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava for- Oregon mations—Fine trout fishing. Mesa Verde..... -- South- 77 || Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in 1906 western United States, if not in the world. Colorado . - - Platt------------- Southern 1} | Many sulphur and other springs possessing medicinal value, 1906 Oklahoma under Government regulation. & Glacier---...----- North- 1,534 || Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character— 1910 western 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers— Montana Peaks of unusual shape—Precipices thousands of feet deep— Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. IRocky Mountain.| North 358 | Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet 1915 middle altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. Colorado. - National parks of less popular interest are: Sułlys Hill, 1904, North Dakota Wind Cave, 1903, South Dakota Casa Grande Ruin, 1892, Arizona tº tº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Wooded hilly tract on Devils Lake. s & sº º sº a tº sº. Large natural cavern. Prehistoric Indian ruin. 2 CONTENTS. General description The geysers Other hot-water phenomena Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls Interesting fossil forests Greatest wild animal refuge Bears - Trout fishing Railroads Transportation and a flations Yellowstone Park Hotel Co Yellowstone Park Transportation Co Yellowstone-Western Stage Co Wylie Permanent Camping Co Shaw & Powell Camping Co Cody–Sylvan’ Pass Motor Co Bathhouse Personally conducted camping parties Boat service on Yellowstone Lake Principal points of interest Gardiner (northern entrance) to Mammoth Hot Springs____________ The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs Mountain climbing Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris---------------------------------- Norris Geyser Basin Norris to Lower Geyser Basin (Fountain Hotel) ––––––––––––––––––– Side trips from Fountain Hotel º Lower Geyser Basin (Fountain Hotel) to Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Inn) Upper Geyser Basin Side trips from Old Faithful Inn Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Yellowstone Lake Side trips from Thumb Lunch Station The Thumb - - Thumb to Lake Hotel Lake Hotel to Grand Canyon Grand Canyon Grand Canyon to Gardiner via Norris Norris to Gardiner Grand Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower Falls - Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), to the “Loop ’’ Road–––––––– 37 39 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 50 50 50 52 307942 4 CONTENTS. Principal points of interest—Continued. Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance to “Loop "Road Moran, Wyo., via Southern entrance to “Loop * Road––––––––––––––– Tower Falls to Buffalo Farm, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont.-------- Prominent geysers and Springs Notes on fish Wild animals Birds Rules and regulations General regulations approved Mày 27, 1911 Instructions approved April 15, 1914 Automobile regulations for the season of 1916 Schedules and general instructions Automobile camps and shelters Panoramic view Maps - Literature : Government publications — — — . Distributed free by the Secretary of the Interior • Sold by the Superintendent of Documents TRooks Magazine articles Other national parks # ILLUSTRATIONS. Ideal section through 2,000 feet of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forest - Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin Travel guide map of Yellowstone National Park Sketch map of Grand Canyon Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier and Rocky Mountain National Parks Automobile map of Yellowstone National Park Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks- IPage. i : } . JPage. 29 34 39 41 44 49 69 73 86 GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, GENERAL DESCRIPTION. HE Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National T Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. - The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872, and has an area of 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, but it is patrolled by two special troops of cavalry commanded by a line officer of the United States Army, assisted by a number of civilian Scouts. Road and bridge construction and road sprinkling are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the Army. & THE GEYSERS. There are three geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, and the Upper Basins, all lying in the west central part of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, spout at accurate intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers are, roughly speaking, water volcanoes. They occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the 5 6 YELLOWSTOINE NATIONAL PARK. surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. - It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - - At last the water in the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so it bursts upward with great violence, rising many feet in the air and continuing to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. * One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A mimic geyser was made in the laboratory of the Department of the Interior in the winter of 1915 which when in action plays at regular intervals of a minute and a quarter. The water is heated in a metal bulb, and finds it way to the surface vent through a spiral rubber tube. When it plays the water rises 3 or 4 feet in height, varying according to the intensity of the heat applied at the bulb. . * The water finds its way back by an iron pipe into the bulb, when presently it again becomes heated and discharges itself. OTHER, HOT-WATER, IPHENOMENA. § Nearly the entire Yellowstone region, covering an area of about 3,300 square miles, is remarkable for its hot-water phenomena. The geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. At Mammoth, at Norris, and at Thumb the hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. Over the edges of these carved basins pours the hot water. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which in warm weather glow brilliantly, but YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 7 in cold weather almost disappear. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. - A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an . cxperience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful played with great regularity every 70 minutes, but during the sum- mer of 1915 the interval lengthened to about 85 minutes, due, it is supposed, to the smaller snowfall and consequent lessened water sup- ply of the preceding winter. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones . play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. - The hot-spring terraces are also a rather awe-inspiring spectacle when seen for the first time. The visitor may climb upon them and pick his way around among the steaming pools. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely green. The incrustations are often beauti- fully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters become exquisitely plated, as if with frosted silver. *. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE. But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But you must not confuse your Grand Canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country. Of these, by far the largëst and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “the Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - - * - g The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons: & Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the south a waterfall twice the height of Niagara rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward to be lost again in green. From that point 2 or 3 miles to where you stand and beneath you widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight, lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Some- times they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise penpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. . - • And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a . kaleidoscope. The whole is streaked and spotted and stratified in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. . It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can Say he has seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point. IDUNIRAVEN IPASS AND ToweR FALLS. The visitor who from the canyon follows the road northward to Mammoth views some of the most inspiring scenery in América. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. A few miles farther north, where the road again finds the shore of the Yellowstone River, scenery is again encountered at Tower Falls, which has few equals. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the ramparts of rock far above the foaming Yel- lowstone are romantic to a high degree. - INTERESTING FOSSIL FOREST.S. The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above thé valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an ap- proach to Amethyst Mountain. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. Just outside the park, in t YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 9 the Gallatin Mountains, between the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres &\, §§ ºğ ſº º Bºš 㺠§º º º # §§ à-º º º º §§ §º Pº § Bºſjö - §§§ §: sº-Eas-ºs-E "w. sº &ºš §§ § § § Cºº # § § K. §§§ -> º Éſº --------- YººHº 5:º 35&º 㺚 º ºº:: ===Fº - Xº ######### † º ;ººººººººº. tºº-ºº:£ºščğ º ºf Hºº:: E- g Sº-º-º-º- #== s"v.. o 3.5sº …) tº *... > * : s’ \º o *####E =ſ== Pºſ. o. º.2 ºve. ...-lº o ./N. § • *- : o a © ? » 9" / > *.*. Tº 3’ > , ºffl g * ..."...º.º.º.8-73 A.C. v . . a. º. º. • * * 'e',257; S 3 s 2 e < *.*.* tºº. ºv, IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDs of SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FOREST. AFTER HOLMES. i and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently, . discovered. . 34821°–16—2 - ; 3 i i : 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. GREATEST WILD ANIMAL IREFUGE. The Yellowstone National Park is the largest and most success- ful wild animal refuge in the world. It is also, for this reason, the best and most accessible field for nature study. - Its 3,300 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 200 miles of roads and the five hotels and many camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road or trail or camp. No herds invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are seldom seen by the people filling the long trains of stages which travel from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's con- tent, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass, and the officers' children feed them flowers. One of the diversions at the road builders' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. There are photographs of men feeding Sugar to bear cubs while mother bear looks idly on at a distance. - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. # BEARS. - * Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks experience to be entirely inoffensive if not attacked. Even when attacked they make every possible effort to escape, and only turn upon men when finally driven into some place from which they can not get away. Then only are they dan- gerous, and then they are dangerous indeed. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which, by the way, are the same species only differently colored—the blondes and brunettes, so to speak, of the same bear family—are quite different. They are playful, comparatively fearless, sometimes even friendly. They are greedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. The large meat wagons which carry supplies to the distant hotels and camps overnight are equipped with iron covers, because the bears used to rip off the wooden tops during the resting times and run off YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. 11: with sides of beef and mutton. One night several years ago teamsters drove three bears from the top of a single one of these big wagons. This wild animal paradise contains 30,000 elk, several thousand moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, and a large and increasing herd of wild bison. It is an excellent bird preserve also; more than 150 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles abound among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many thousands of large white pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TRouT FISHING. Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All three of the great watersheds abound in trout which often attain large size. Yel- lowstone Lake is the home of large trout which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excellent catches to the skillful angler. * The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Michigan grayling are also to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the lesser lakes. RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railway reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont.; the Oregon Short Line Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 63 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. Excursion tickets are sold during the park season. TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS, General information may be obtained at the supervisor's office at Fort Yellowstone, Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., and complaints regarding service should be addressed to that officer. The tourist season extends from June 15 to September 15. The transportation companies allow each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. - 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located 5 miles from the northern entrance. Those entering from the west should have their mail addressed to Yellowstone, Mont. Telegrams may be sent from hotels to any part of the world. - General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, and outlet of Yellowstone Lake. - A special permit from the Secretary of the Interior is required to take moving pictures in the park. t ‘Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park under appropriate regulations and after payment of a license fee. (See p. 68.) There are a number of hotels, permanent camps, and transportation lines operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior, and movable camps operate under yearly license issued by the department, but every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pp. 64 to 68. Persons starting on the tour of the park by way of the movable camps can not obtain accommodations at the hotels except in cases of sickness or under exceptional circumstances. Circulars and information may be obtained from the concessionaries . whose addresses are given in this circular. Tourists are advised to arrange in advance for their hotel or camp accommodations, * . YELLOWSTONE PARIK HOTEL CO, The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains five hotels and two lunch stations in the park. The hotels are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Lower Geyser Basin, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow- stone; the lunch stations are located at Norris Geyser Basin and the Thumb of the Lake. These hotels are operated in connection with the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., whose coaches start from the northern entrance at Gardiner; the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co., whose coaches start from the western entrance at Yellow- stone; and the Cody and Sylvan Pass Motor Co., whose automobiles start from Cody, Wyo., and carry passengers from that point to Yellowstone Lake, where they are provided for at the hotels or per- manent camps. g - The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 15, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 13 Rates of the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. , EIOTEL CHARGES. Board and lodging, American Shaving - L__ $0.25. plan, regular accommodations * Hair cutting--- . 50 (not including private bath), Shampooing, men------------- . 50 per day, each perSon———----- $5.00 | Dry shampoo, ladies___________ 1. 00 Board and lodging, including Wet Shampoo, ladies__________ 1. 25 private bath: Scalp treatment –––––––––––––– 1, 00 1 person in room, per day, Face maSSage, men------------ . 50 each - 7.00 | Face massage, women--------- 1. OO 2 persons in room, per day, Almond or clay pack______–––– 1.50 each ------------------- * 50 | Ladies' plain hair dressing----- . . 50 3 persons or more in room, Ladies' fancy hair dressing, per day, each ––––––––––– 6. O0 $1.00 to 2.00 (It is expressly understood that Singeing . 50 where connecting rooms have access tº º º to private bath each room is to be con- Manicuring–––––––––––– $0.75 to 1.00 Chiropody in Shop.------------ 1. 50 sidered as having private bath, unless * & e e e one or more of the rooms are locked | Chiropody. In private rooms, in off from the bathroom.) * hotel, extra - . 50 . Meals or lodgings, part of a Bath . 50 day, each ––––––––---------- 1.25 | Boot blacking . 10 Meals served, in rooms, extra, Billiards, per game------------ . 25 each '. 50 | Billiards, per hour------------ . 60 NEWS STANDS. Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates." TELEGRAMS. From all points in the United States (except Helena, Mont.) to Helena, Mont., at Western Union rates; Helena to Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park Hotel Co., charge of 25 cents for first 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word; Helena to other points in Yellowstone National Park, charge of 50 cents for first 10 words and 3 cents for each additional word. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. TELEPHONE MESSAGES. Use of telephone from or to any point in the park, not to exceed 1 minute, 25 cents. Each additional minute, 15 cents. YELLowsToNE PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates a transporta- tion line from Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrance, in connection with the hotels. It also connects with the automobile stage line of the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. at the Lake Hotel. The address of this company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 16; thereafter, Helena, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: 14 - TYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Transportation rates of the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. ROUND TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH. Mammoth Hot Springs to— Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and return, with stop-over privi- - leges $18.00 Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, and Grand Canyon, and return, with stop-over privileges 25, 00 Round trip of park, via Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb of Lake, Lake, Grand Canyon, and Norris, with stop-over privileges— 25.00 TRIPs FROM AND TO LAKE IN ConnecTION witH TRIPs VIA EASTERN (CoDY) ENTRANCE." Lake to— Canyon, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, and return to Take - *$20.00 Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, and return to Lake - *26. 50 Gardiner, via Canyon, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Norris, and Mammoth * 30, 00 Gardiner, via Canyon, Norris, and Mammoth *14.00 Gardiner to- - * Lake, via Mammoth, Norris, and Canyon—. *14. 00 Mammoth, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, and return to Lake *26. 50 SINGLE TRIPS. Mammoth Hot Springs to— * Upper Basin to— Gardiner - $1.50 Fountain ----------------- $1.50 INorris 4. 00 Norris 5. 00 Fountain ––––––––––––––––– 7. 50 Grand Canyon------------ 8, 50 Upper Basin–––––––––––––– 9. O0 || Mammoth Hot Springs____ 9.00 Grand Canyon–––––––––––– 7. 50 || Lake to— - Take - -- 12. 50 Grand Canyon------------ 5. 00 Thumb------------------- 15. 50 Norris - 8. 50 TNorris to— Mammoth Hot Springs---- 12.50 Upper Basin–––––––––––––– 5. 00 Upper Basin–––––––––––––– 13. 50 Fountain ----------------- 3. 50 || Grand Canyon to— Grand Canyon------------ 3. 50 Norris 3, 50 Take 8. 50 Fountain----------------- 7. OO Fountain to— . - Upper Basin–––––––––––––– 8. 50 Upper Basin–––––––––––––– 1. 50 Mammoth Hot Springs____ 7. 50 Norris - 3. 50 Take :- 5.9 00 Grand Canyon------'- - - - - - 7. O() Mammoth Hot Springs____ 7.50 * For auto Service of Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. between eastern boundary and Lake in conjunction herewith, add $5 for one way and $8 for two ways. Trip in reverse direction not made for less than 3 fares. All one-way and round-trip excursion tickets reading via the Burlington Route from points east or south of Wyoming and Montana to Yellowstone National Park, or to Billings, Mont., or points west thereof, will be honored for transportation to the eastern boundary of the park via Cody without extra charge. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 15 * CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSES, GUIDES, ETC. Saddle horse: Seats in conveyance for drive— Per day ------------------ $3.50 Continued. First hour---------------- 1.00 To Inspiration Point at Each SubSequent hour ––––– . 50 Canyon----------------- $1.00 Carriages or surrey, capacity of TO Artists Point at Canyon_ " 1.00 3 seats, at Mämmoth, Canyon, Over formation at Mam- * and Upper Basin: 10. 00 moth Hot Springs––––––– 1. 00 .."... "... Guide, with horse, per day----- 5:00 Each subsequent hour ----- 2. 00 Packer, with horse, per day____ 5.00 Seats in conveyance for drive: Cook, with horse, per day______ 5. 00 over formation at Fountain . 50 | Pack horses, each, per day----- 1. 50 Over formation at Upper Mount Washburn, round trip, Geyser Basin ––––––––––– 50 from Grand Canyon--------- 5. 00 - IPARE TRIPS. 1 vehicle, seat 3, 2 horses and driver, per day $15.00 1 vehicle, seat 5, 4 horses and driver, per day 25. 00 1 vehicle, seat 7, 4 horses and driver, per day 30, 00 For each additional passenger carried, regular fare charged. Vehicle per diem rates one-half of above for all time over five days Driver boarded and horses Stabled and fed by and at expense of company. YELLowsTon E-WESTERN STAGE Co. The Yellowstone-Western Stage Co. operates a transportation line from Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance, in connection with the hotels. It also connects with the automobile stage line of the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. at the Lake Hotel. The stages run daily during the season. The address of this company is Yellow- stone, Mont., between June 15 and September 15; thereafter St. Paul, Minn. The authorized rates are as follows: Transportation rates of the Yellowstone-Western Stage Co. ToUR TRIPs. Yellowstone (western entrance) to- Fountain, Upper Basin, and return (Tour 1) $8.00 Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, and return (Tour 2) —— 16.00 Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, and return (Tour 3) 20.00 Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, and Gardi- ner (Tour 4) 20. 00 Trips from Lake in connection with trips from eastern entrance (Cody):* Lake, Canyon, Norris, to Yellowstone 12. 00 Lake, Canyon, Norris, Upper Basin, to Yellowstone 14. 50 Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, Norris, Upper Basin, to Yellowstone 18.50 Lake, Canyon, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, Lake_________ 20.00 . Lake, Canyon, Norris, Mammoth, Norris, Fountain, Upper Basin, Thumb, and Lake —i. 26. 50 * For rate to Lake in connection with trips from eastern entrance, see footnote on p. 14. ºs 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL TRARK. - º STOP-OVER PRIVILEGES. All passengers, except those having arranged for special conveyance, are granted stop-over privileges at any of the regular stopping places in the park without extra charge for transportation. Parties can retain their surrey or coach for their use on lay-over days at the following rates: Five-passenger, two-horse surrey and driver, per day------------------- $8.00 Eight-passenger, four-horse coach and driver, per day------------------- 10. 00. Eleven-passenger, four-horse coach and driver, per day----------------- 12. 00 Any of the above vehicles can be secured for private parties by paying for the vacant space at authorized rates for tour trips. PRIVATE PARTY-SPECIAL CONVEYANCE, Three-passenger, two-horse surrey and driver, per day--------- ––––––– $12.00 Parties holding railroad coupons for park tours will receive credit for same at their full value. LOCAL TRIPS. . Yellowstone to Fountain Hotel, Lower Geyser Basin * $4.00 Fountain to Old Faithful Inn, Upper Geyser Basin e 1. 25 Upper Basin to Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake 3.25 Thumb to Colonial Hotel º 2, 50 Lake to Canyon Hotel, Grand Canyon ---. 4. 00 Canyon to Norris Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin .--- ~ * 3. 00 Norris to Yellowstone, western entrance - - 5. 00 Norris to Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs 3.25. Mammoth to Gardiner, northern entrance 1.25 Parties requesting local trips in opposite direction from the regular stage route will consist of sufficient number to fill a minimum conveyance (three passengers) or pay for vacant space at above rates. - *- . - MOUNT was HBURN, DUNRAVEN PAss, ToweR FALLs, AND MAMMOTH TRIPs. These tours, on account of snow, are not available until early in July. From Grand Canyon to summit Mount Washburn and return----------- $4.00 Only special equipment for this trip allowed. From Grand Canyon via Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls to Mammoth - 7. 50 To passengers holding Yellowstone-Western stage transportation reading via Norris to Mammoth exträ charge for trips from Canyon via Dun- raven Pass, Tower Falls to Mammoth 3. 50 To passengers holding Yellowstone-Western Stage transportation for tour No. 2, not including side trip to Mammoth, extra charge for trips from Canyon via Dunraven, Tower Falls, and Mammoth to Norris.__________ 7. 50 Minimum on above trips, three passengers. CARRIAGES, SADDLE HORSEs, GUIDEs, ETC. Carriage or Suriey, three seats, for use in vicinity of western entrance, Fountain, Upper Basin, Lake, Canyon, Norris, or Mammoth: Per day - • $8.00 First hour { 3. 00 Each subsequent hour - - 1, 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 17 Seats in conveyance for drive: à Over formation at Fountain, each $0.50 Over formation at Upper Basin, each . 50 To Inspiration Point at Canyon, each º 1. 00 To Artists Point at Canyon, each 1.00 Saddle horse: - Per day 3.00 First hour 1. 00 Each subsequent hour j. 50 Guide, with saddle horse, per day - - 4.00 Packer, with saddle horse, per day 4. 00 Cook, with saddle horse, per day 4.00 - 1. 50. Pack horse, each, per day-- - • WYLIE IFERMANIENT CAMIPING CO. The Wylie Permanent Camping Co. maintains permanent camps in the park and operates a transportation line from Gardiner (north- ern entrance), Yellowstone (western entrance), and Camp Cody (eastern entrance). The camps are located at Swan Lake Basin, Riverside (western entrance), Upper Geyser Basin, outlet of Yellow- stone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Camp Cody: (eastern entrance), and Tower Falls. In addition, lunch stations-àre main- tained at the Gibbon Geyser Basin and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. Stages run daily during the season. The address of this com- pany is Livingston, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: Rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by the Wylie $ - - -Permanent Camping Co. 24: 3. * tours and rates. :*: i. i. Each of the following trips and tours includes stage transportatièn, board, and lodging for each person, and those numbered 50 to 59, both inclusive, in- clude automobile transportation between the eastern entrance and the Lake as furnished through the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. From Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance): (1) Six days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mammoth Hot Springs, Swanºflake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, t Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mam- moth Hot Springs, and Gardiner $39.00 (1—A) Five days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), same as No. 1, omitting the day at the Upper Geyser Basin---------------- 36. 00 (2) Six days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Yellowstone), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone-------------- 39. 50 (20) Four days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner) via Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon 1. * Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake - Camp, Mammoth Hot Mº Springs, and Gardiner - 29.00 34821°–16—3 - - - 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. I'rom Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance)—Continued, (22) Three days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), Via Mammoth . Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner - (23) Two days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Yellowstone), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, f Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone (24) Two days (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mammoth IIot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner---------- (25) One-half day (entrance, Gardiner; exit, Gardiner), via Mam- moth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner From and to East Park Boundary (Cody entrance):* $21.00 14. 00 5. 00 (50) Seven days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch . Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellow- ,, stone Lake to East Boundary 7 (51) Six days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, TJpper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch. Station, Yellowstone Lake to East Boundary 1– (52) Seven days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone v Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs to Gardiner (53) Five days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan Lake Camp, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin' to Yellowstone_-------------- (54) Four days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin to Yellowstone (55) Three days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs to Gardiner - f - (56) Three days from East Park Boundary via Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Station to Yellowstone { (57) Six days from Gardiner via Mammoth, Swan Lake Camp, Can- 45. 00 37. 00 47. 00 35.00 29, 00 20. 50 20. 50 yon, Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Basin, Thumb, , Lake to East Park Boundary (58) Five days from Gardiner via • Mammoth, Swan Lake Camp, Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Basin, Thumb, Lake to East Park Boundary__l (59) Three days from Yellowstone via Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Basin, Thumb, Lake to East Park Boundary--------- 37. 50 30.00 20, 00 *All one-way and round-trip excursion tickets reading via the Burlington Route from points east or south of Wyoming and Montana to Yellowstone National Park, or to Billings, Mont., or points west thereof, will be honored for transportation to the eastern boundary of the park via Cody without extra charge, \ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 19 From Yellowstone, Mont. (west entrance) :- g r: t (4) Six days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Yel- lowstone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, Swan, Lake Camp, Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone------------- $40.00 (4—A) Five days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), same as | No. 4, omitting the day at Upper Geyser Basin ------------- 37.00 (5) Five days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Yel- lowstone Camp, Gibbon Dunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, . Grand Canyon, Norris, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone__________-__ 35. 00 (5–A) Four days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), same - as No. 5, Omitting the day at Upper Geyser Basin ----------- 32. 00 (6) Six days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Gardiner), via Yellow- stone Camp, Gibbon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner——-l 39. 50 (6–A) Four days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Gardiner), via Yellow- stone Camp, Gibbon Dunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb Lunch Station, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mammoth Hot Springs, and Gardiner - - 32. OO (26) Three days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Gib- bon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Grand Canyon, Nor- ris, Gibbon Lunch Station, and Yellowstone 22. 00 (28) Two days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Yellowstone), via Gib- bon Lunch Station, Upper Geyser Basin, Gibbon Lunch Sta- tion, and Yellowstone * 14.00 (29) Two days (entrance, Yellowstone; exit, Gardiner), via Gibbon Lunch Station, Norris Geyser Basin, Swan Lake Camp, Mam- moth Hot Springs, and, Gardiner. - 14.00 Diverse route, Canyon to Mammoth. via Roosevelt Camp and Tower Falls: Two dollars extra for transportation. - This diverse route is available only when Roosevelt Camp is open; the trip will not be made with less than two persons. - Children’s rates: Children under 10 years of age, half rates. . MISCELLANEQUS CHARGES. Camp charges: - tºº Additional time for holders of tickets or transients, per day, board and lodging, each person - $3.00 Single meals, each person . (5 Lodging, each person * * 1. 00 Sulphur baths at Camp Roosevelt and Upper Geyser Basin, and baths elsewhere, each person - . 50 Feeding horses, oats or hay, each feed, each horse .* . 50 Miscellaneous transportation rates: & Wagon (three seats), two horses and driver, when retained over- time (additional to $3 for board and lodging), each day---------- - 5, 00 Concord coach (four seats), four horses and driver, when retained during overtime (additional to $3 for board and lodging), each day - 8, 00 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. . Miscellaneous transportation rates—Continued. Saddle horses, each day, each horse * $3.00 Trunk, cartage between Yellowstone Station and Yellowstone and between Gardiner Station and Wylie Hotel, each trunk, round trip .50 Bicycles carried between stations, each bicycle e . 50 Local transportation rates: Gardiner to Swan Lake Swan Lake to Upper Geyser Basin Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Lake Thumb to Lake Outlet (Lake Camp) Lake Camp to Canyon - Canyon to Swan Lake Canyon to Norris Norris to Swan Lake Norris to Mammoth Hot Springs Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs Yellowstone Camp to Gibbon Camp 'Gibbon Camp to Norris &. Gibbon Camp to Upper Geyser Basin Yellowstone Camp to Upper Geyser Basin . Gardiner to Camp Roosevelt - Canyon’ to Camp Roosevelt via Dunraven Pass Canyon; to Mount Washburn and return - S.H.A.W. & POWELL CAMIEING CO. . The Shaw & Powell Camping Co. maintains permanent camps and operates a transportation line from Gardiner (northern entrance) and Yellowstone (western entrance). The camps are located at the following points: Near Obsidian Bridge, near Gibbon Falls, near Fountain Soldier Station, near Old Faithful Geyser, at the west Thumb-of the Lake, near outlet of Yellowstone Lake, at Grand Canyon, and near Tower Falls. Stages run daily through the season. The address of this company is Livingston, Mont. + Schedule of rates for services rendered and accommodations furnished by * Shaw & Powell Camping Co. - TOUR'S AND TRIPS, IEach of the following trips and tours includes stage transportation, board, and lodging for each person: - 4. - From Gardiner (northern entrance): 4. 1. Five and one-half day trip $35.00 2. To Willow Park Camp (overnight) and return :------- 8.50 3. To Norris Geyser Basin and return -- 15. 00 4. To Canyon Camp and return 20. 00 5. To Yellowstone direct Ł 15.00 7- From Yellowstone (western entrance): t . 1. Five-day trip via Lower and Upper Geyser Basins, Lake, Canyon, . ; Norris, Mammoth Hot Springs, Willow Park, and return______ 35. 00 2. Four-day trip via Lower and Upper Geyser Basins, Lake, Canyon, Norris, Gibbon, and return = 30.00 3. To Old Faithful Camp and return 15, 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE, 21 From Cody (eastern entrance)*: Automobiles will leave Cody at approximately 8.30 a. m., arriving at boundary of the park, Cody entrance, at approximately 12.30 p. m. ; leave boundary at approximately 1.30 p. m., arriving at Lake Camp at approximately 5.30 p. m. At this point Shaw and Powell patrons will be transferred to Shaw and Powell vehicles and will travel upon their regular schedule of service from northern and western entrances. # The schedule below contemplates service only from the entrance of the park on westbound traffic and to the entrance of the park on eastbound traffic. The service between Yellowstone Lake Camp and East Boundary, both ways, to be by automobile furnished through the Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. º (50) Seven days (Cody entrance to Cody entrance, including Mam- moth), via Lake, Canyon, Willow Park, Mammoth, Nez Perce, Old Faithful, Lake, Cody entrance $45.00 (51) Six days (Cody entrance to Cody entrance, omitting Mam- moth), via Lake, Canyon, Nez Perce by Norris, Old Faithful, Lake, Cody entrance - 37.00 (52) Seven days (Cody entrance around park and out at Gardiner),”. via Lake, Canyon, Nez Perce, Old Faithful, Lake, Canyon, Willow Park, Mammoth, Gardiner - k–4–1. (53) Five days (Cody entrance around park, including, Mam- 3' moth, out at Yellowstone), via Lake, Canyon, Willow Park, , , , • Mammoth, Old Faithful, Yellowstone 35. 00 (54) Four days (Cody entrance to Yellowstone, omitting Willow Park and Mammoth), via Lake, Canyon, Old Faithful, * { } 47.00 :* Yellowstone. k 29. 00 (55) Three days (Cody entrance to Gardiner), via Lake, Canyon; ' ' ' ' ' ' • Willow Park, Mammoth, Gardiner --------a 20.50 (56) Three days (Cody entrance to Yellowstone, omitting. Mam-.. . . moth and Geyser Basins), via Lake, Canyon, Yellowstone--, 20, 50 (57) Six days (Gardiner to Cody, including Canyon, Geyser Basins and Lake), via Willow Park, Canyon, Nez Perce, Old Faith- ful, Lake, Cody entrance 37.50 Five days (Gardiner to Cody entrance, omitting Canyon), via Willow Park, Nez Perce, Old Faithful, Lake, Cody entrance 30.00 (59) Three days (Yellowstone to Cody entrance, including Upper , Basin and Lake), via Old Faithful, Lake, Cody entrance---- 20.00 Parties may enter at one entrance and leave at the other without extra charge. • * Children under 10 years, one-half rate. Trunks of tourists, station to hotel and return, free. From Grand Canyon to Mount Washburn and return º $5.00 (58 ) From Grand Canyon wia Tower Falls and out at Gardiner, staying one night at Tower Falls 7. 00 From Grand Canyon via Tower Falls and out at Yellowstone, with one night at Tower Falls for those holding five-day tickets, and making one day additional, extra charge - - 7. 00 For tourists holding but a four-day ticket, this trip via Tower Falls and out at Yellowstone, making two days additional, extra charge--- 12.00 rº- 1 See footnote on p. 18. . 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. LOCAL TRANSPORTATION RATES. '(a) Gardiner to Willow Park Camp - $2.75 (b) Willow Park Camp to Gibbon Lunch Station 3. 50 (e) Gibbon Lunch Station to Nez Perce Camp - 1. 50 (d) Nez Perce Camp to Old Faithful Camp 1. 75 (e) Old Faithful Camp to Thumb Lunch Station 3.00 (f) Thumb Lunch Station to Lake Camp 2. 50 (g) Lake Camp to Canyon Camp 2. 50 (h) Canyon Camp to Norris Geyser Basin 1. 75 (i) Norris Geyser Basin to Willow Park Camp 2. 00 (j) Willow Park Camp to Gardiner 2. 75 (k) Yellowstone to Nez Perce Camp 3.00 (1) Gibbon Lunch Station to Yellowstone 3. 00 * g * .. * IMISCELLANEOUS. Saddle horses, per day, each $3.00 Board and lodging for detached persons, per day, each---------------- 3. 00 Lodging, per person *--te 1. 00 Single meal •4 . . . ¥ *— - , 75 Feeding horses oats, per feed -- - . 50 Feeding horses hay, per feed - . . 50 Extra stay at camps, per day 3– 3.00 Extra stay at camps, per day, with team 5. 00 CODY-SYLVAN PASS MOTOR, CO. The Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. operates automobile stages be- tween Cody and Lake Hotel. . The address of this company is St. Paul, Minn. Stages run beginning July 1. The authorized rates are as follows. 4 " . . . . . - . . . .” __Authorized local rates of Cody-Sylvan Pass Motor Co. From Cody, Wyo., to the Lake Hotel - $12.50 From Yellowstone Lake to Cody, Wyo 12. 50 Round-trip rate, Cody to Yellowstone Lake and return, or Yellowstone Lake to Cody and return g 22. 50 IBATHEIOUSE. Henry J. Brothers, of Salt Lake City, Utah, under contract with the department operates a pool bathhouse at Upper Geyser Basin. Rates, 50 cents in large pool, $1 in private pool. PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES. The persons named below are licensed to conduct camping parties through the park. They do not furnish daily service, but make trips on certain dates or special trips as arranged. Additional informa- tion may be obtained by addressing the licensees. - * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL rank. - 23 Authorized rates of E. C. Brown and Simon Snyder. [Address, Valley, Wyo,3 Regular 10 to 45 day trips, price for each member of party, including transportation, saddle horse, and board and lodging in camp, per day per person Authorized rates of Joe Clause, [Address, Yellowstone, Wyo.] Regular 5-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party § $8.00 $25.00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day Authorized rates of Howard Eaton. [Address, Wolf, Wyo.] Regular 20-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans-- portation and board and lodging in camp, total for trip———--------- Authorized rates of W. N. and O. M. Hefferlin. [Address, Livingston, Mont.] * From Gardiner (northern entrance) : * . 5%-day trip via Norris, Tower and, Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Can- yon, Norris, and return Exit via Yellowstone, additional - 4-day trip to Old Faithful Camp and return Exit via Yellowstone, additional 3-day trip to Grand Canyon via Norris and return_-------------- To Norris and return —r To Mammoth Hot Springs and vicinity and return--------------- From Yellowstone (western entrance) : 4-day trip via Lower and Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, Canyon, Nor- ris, and return------------------------------------------------- Exit via Gardiner, additional - 5-day trip, same as above, including Mammoth Hot Springs------- To Grand Canyon via Norris and return (limited to 4 or more people) To Old Faithful Camp and return (limited to 4 or more) –––––––– . Miscellaneous: From Gardiner to Yellowstone via Norris From Yellowstone to Gardiner via Norris (limited to 4 people).--- Extra stay at camps, per day Extra stay at camps with team per day (limited to 4 people from Yellowstone) Lodging, per person Meals, per person per meal ... Children under 10, half fare on all trips. Feeding horses, oats, per feed- Saddle horses (each) per day 2, 50 1, 00 $150.00 $30.00 2. 50 25.00 2. 50 20.00 14.00 5. O0 26, 50 2. 50 33.00 21.00 14. 00 14.00 14. 00 3.00 5. 00 1. O0 . 75 , 50 3.00 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL. PAR.E. Authorized rates of W. H. Jordan. I Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- . portation and board and lodging in camp, per day-------------- — $5.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party 5. 00 Fxtra charge for saddle horses, per day 1. 50 Authorized rates of S. E. and E. J. Larson. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] IRegular 6-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party - 5. 00 Fºxtra charge for saddle horses, per day - 2. 00 1-day trip, to Mammoth Hot Spring and Golden Gate and vicinity, per person per day - 5.00 - Authorized rates of H. Mullendore. • [Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp, per day----------------- $5. 00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party. 5.00 Extra chârge for saddle horses, per day 2. OO Authorized rates of Oscar O. Roseborough and H. P. Grant. - - [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trips, price for each member of party, including trans- -- portation and board and lodging in camp $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- ber of party 3. O0 7-day trip, via Tower Falls from Canyon, each 1- 2-wa 35, 00 3-day trip to Grand Canyon and return, from Gardiner--------------- 20, 00 Authorized rates of B. D. Sheffield. [Address, Moran, Wyo.] - Does not camp inside of the park, but takes tourists to hotels while en route to hunting lodge at Moran, Wyo., by Special arrangement, paying usual hotel rates for them. & Regular trips, price for each member of party, including transporta- tion and board and lodging at hotels (ordinary accommodations), \ one in party, per day $15.00 For each member of party, if two in party, per day---------------–––– 12.50 Same, with three or more in party, per day. 10. 00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day - 5. 00 * - - TYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE, 25 Authorized rates of Will B. Shore and George T. Hopkins. [Address, Cody, Wyo.] ſº Regular 16-day trip, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $80.00 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day - 1. 00 Authorized rates of Bert Stewart and John McPherson. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trips, price for each member of party, including trans- portation and board and lodging in camp $30.00 Additional, per day, for stop-overs at points of interest, for each mem- -- ber of party 5. 00 To Cook City via Tower Falls. Station and Soda Butte: Rates for team and driver to Cook City, per day----------------- 7. 50 Rates for team and driver to Yellowstone, per day--------------- 7. 50 Short one-day trips from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs, Golden . Gate, and vicinity: . s . . : : - • . Regular trips, one day, price for transportation, rig carrying two & A or three people - - * * & 00 8. For same trip, larger rig, for each' passeng - 2.00 * * * & * * r . BoAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE., a #: • The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depārt- ment, maintains and operates power boats and rowboats'on”Yellow- stone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. Under the regulations of the department no . power boats are permitted to be operated on this lake exéept those that have passed the inspection of the ‘United States Steåmboat- Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce.' " . . . Rates of the Yellowstone Park; Boat Co. IPOWER BOATS. Lake Hotel to West Arm (Thumb) of Yellowstone Lake, or reverse------ $2.50 Excursions to Southeast Arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $20) 2. 00. 33-foot cabin cruiser, with crew, per day 35. 00 For two or more days, per day--- 25. 00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: * * Per day__ - 15, 00 For first hour 3. 00 . For each additional hour 2. 00 Over six hours, day rates charged. ROWBOATS. Per day 2. 00 For first hour . 50 For each additional hour------ - . 25 Over six hours, day rates charged. 34821°–16—4 - 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Oarsmen : * Per hour $0.50 Per day - 4. O0 Boat rental and Services of Oarsmen and motor boat and attendants’ time commences from the moment of leaving the dock until return. FISHING TACKLE. Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net, per day------------- $0.50 Same free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made & - for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies sold from 5 to 25 cents, according to quality. l Fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST. GARDINER (NoFTHERN ENTRANCE) To MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs." Gardiner (altitude 5,300 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. The road in general use is east of the arch, near the soldier station. All camping parties are required to register at each of the soldier stations passed in their trip around the park. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured here. There is a fair camping site near the town. As camping is not allowed between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, the next camping place is 1 mile south of Mammoth Hot Springs. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles; the road lies along Gardiner River. . . . *-- - --- - : . . . Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,100 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. - Sepulcher Mountain, is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by crossing Snow Pass, which is reached by trail, 14 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is obtained a magnificent view to the South and east. It is named from rocks on its eastern face, which suggest the head and foot stones of a grave. 1 The road from Yellowstone, Mont, (western entrance), connects with the belt line road at a point 10 miles south of Norris and at Firehole Cascades, 14% miles south of Norris.’ (See p. 36.) The route from the western entrance to the belt road is given on page 52. The road from the southern entrance joins the belt line road at Thumb. (See p. 46.) The route from the southern entrance is given on page 53. The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the belt line road at a point about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 48.) The route from Cody is given on page 52. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 27 Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sandstone on the east and compact volcanic breccia on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for ospreys from time immemorial. Through Boiling River, 4 miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as in- ferred by the name, but varies in temperature due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. . . . - From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1 mile to Mam- moth Hot Springs (6,264 feet), the administrative and social head- quarters of the park. Here are located Fort Yellowstone (the head- quarters for the cavalry stationed in the park), United States com- missioner's office, post office, and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. A small herd of tame buffalo is kept 1 mile south. of Mammoth Hot Springs on a branch road. There is a good camp- ing place near the buffalo corral, and a special camping ground is provided near the Mammoth Hot Springs for campers traveling in private automobiles; no camping is permitted along Glen Creek nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 6 miles south of Mam- moth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. The main attraction of this locality are the large and beautiful hot springs and terraces. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs. In seeing the springs and terraces the direction here given is usually. followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The path. starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone, now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar in all respects to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Small articles left for five or six days in the water frequently show a deposit one- sixteenth of an inch in thickness. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here as at all other points that the most of the coloring is due to a low form of vegetable life that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. From Liberty Cap the path runs southwest for 400 feet and then turns to the south, ascending the first bend to Minerva and Mound Terraces. At Mound Terrace there is a side path to Pulpit 28 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. ~s Terrace, which passes around Mound Terrace to the left. Two hun- dred feet beyond Minerva Terrace the path climbs the next bench at a very steep angle and continues southeast to the main Jupiter Spring, which is at present the largest spring on this formation. Being large and safely approached on the south side, this spring gives the tourist his best point to view the general features of these springs. The water appears to be boiling, but in reality is not quite hot enough. At many of the springs upon the broad terraces the water presents the appearance of boiling springs, when as a matter of fact the tempera- ture is far below the boiling point. The violent agitation is simply due to the free escape of carbonic-acid gas at the surface, The phenomena may be observed at a number of localities throughout the park. The boiling point on the terraces is 200° F. The blue color of the water here and elsewhere in the park is not a mineral color nor a reflection from the sky, but is the natural color of clear water in large bodies. The water escaping from Jupiter Springs rushes down the hillside to the east, forming the incomparably beautiful Jupiter Ter- race. From Jupiter Spring the path leads in a general southwest direction past Canary Spring, now dry, across an amphitheater of old formation, dotted with small pine trees. At the southern end of this amphitheater the path passes around a shoulder and to the left lies Angel Terrace. Glen Spring, which is on the right, is now nearly or quite dry. The tourist passes up the next bench around Angel Terrace, keeping this terrace on his left until a shoulder of formation on the right is passed. The path then turns sharp to the right up a narrow gulch ascending the next bench. At the top of this bench at the left is the Devils Kitchen, which may be descended by means of the ladders as far as the tourist finds comfortable. The, tourist should note that this is the only opening it is safe to descend, as at all the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small animals fall victims annually to the gas in these openings, although the principal ones have been covered by wire netting. A side path leads from Devils Kitchen to Lookout Point and the Buttress, two prominent points on the old inactive Highland. Terrace, from which the view is extensive. The main path then descends a short distance to the west to Bath Lake, where the bathing is very fine in the clear luke- warm water discharged into this lake from a hot spring on its southern shore. The path then runs over a slight rise to the north- west and down to Orange Spring, a very large prominent formation sometimes called Orange Geyser, although not possessing any of the characteristics of a geyser. Here the path merges with an old car- riage road. Should the tourist be sufficiently interested, he may follow this road in a southerly direction to Soda. Spring, Stygian Cave, and the White Elephant. Otherwise the road leads north- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR. 29 • * N- }* * Minerva resºAce 2 { reRRace S *S$ - put. Pit" { cº- Spring \7. CE8 N Jupiter spºr % * / & AN º N. C Ul NARRow GAUGEifferRACE.” zº t W \ / z \ HIGHLAND TERRAcE\ - \ .2 w - !--~ & * * //. ". SS • - \ Z * . * t /Devils kitchen \ SKETCH OF MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, º easterly to Narrow Gauge Terrace, which has become active within recent years at its western end. South of Narrow Gauge Terrace the path turns sharply to the right and runs along the Esplanade until it turns north and descends to a level formation, which is crossed to the Diana Spring. The waters flowing from this spring form the wonderful Cleopatra. Terrace. About 500 feet from Cleopatra Ter- race is a side path to Palette Spring, which has recently become active again. Beyond the side path the main path descends to the level of the starting point, with Hymen, Terrace, in some respects the most beautiful of all, on the left. It will repay the tourist to make a side trip completely around this terrace. - McCartneys Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is now covered by wire netting, on the grass lawn midway between the hotel and Fort Yellowstone. Cupids Cave, west of Jupiter Spring, has been closed up by deposit from a hot spring and can not now be visited. 'SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs. Around Bunsen, Peak-Twelve miles by a one-way wagon road, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. Guide not necessary. - . . ' - Buffalo herds (fame).--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys’ from hotel drive to this, corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from-Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. Two hundred and thirty-two head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. No accommodations nearer than Wylie Camp Roosevelt (12 miles), but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. 4- Tower Falls (132 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Accommodations at . Wylie Camp Roosevelt, 2 miles from Tower Falls, and at Shaw and Powell camp, one-half mile from the falls. Petrifted stumps.-Seventeen miles by wagon road and three- fourths mile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. . . Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by wagon road, thence 4 miles by trail. Guide needed. Northeastern portion of park-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellow- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, - 31- stone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. Wylie permanent camp (Roosevelt) on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), and Shaw and Powell permanent camp (20 miles from Mammoth), provide accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Wagon road to Tower Falls, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this trip. - - r MOUNTAIN, CLIMIBING. ...Electric Peak (11,100 feet)."—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not necessary. . 3. ... t Mount Everts (7,900 feet). —Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 15 miles. No guide-needed. . . . . . . Fishing trips.--One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs may be made with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- trians, 'as follows: South on main road to Obsidian Creek, Indian Creek, Upper Gardiner and branches, and Glen Creek, for small eastern brook trout. Distance, 4 to 10 miles. East to Lava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek, 8 miles, for small native or rainbow trout. East' or horth- east to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for white- fish and native trout. . . . . . . - MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS TO NORRIS. Three miles from Mammoth Tſot Springs, on the road to Norris (20 miles), are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,000 feet, The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused man- ner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock, accompanied by powerful lateral thrusts. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,245 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering this pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Ter- face Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls. - * 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 32 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls (70 feet high) the road leads into Swan Lake Basin. The abrupt passing from the frown- ing walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. - - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak, at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain, then Bannock Peak, Antler Peak, The Dome, Trilobite Point, and Mount Holmes on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Basin, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Basin. - . t • , , - r * Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post, and the head- quarters camp of the Wylie Permanent Camping Co. is passed just before reaching the 6-mile post. After passing the 6-mile post camp- ing is permitted at any point over 100 feet from the road. However, as the timber commences near this point, the openings where grass can be obtained are noted on the succeeding pages as camp sites. Be- tween 6-mile post and Apollinaris Spring, 10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, are many good camp sites. All the streams along the road havé tróüt in them. •A * Gardiner River (7,300 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post, and a little farther at the right of the road is the first camp of the Shaw & Powell, Camping Co. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,300 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their ungainly houses. At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,300 feet) is a landing platform on the left of the road for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther on the right side of the road. . … t Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,350 feet) is a cliff of hard, black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white, men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being yery long and heavy. An old beaver house can be seen near the south end of the lake. ... * tºg A camp site (14 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is passed 1% miles south of Beaver Lake; next camp site is just south of Bijah Spring, 3 miles farther on. - * - --- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 33 Roaring Mountain (154 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, alti- tude 7,550 feet) is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines 30 feet square on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater; the formation gradually spread to its present size, and it is not cer- tain that the limit has yet been reached. e $ 9 Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,513 feet) are two beautiful lakes, very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is alongside the road. There is a good camping place just south of this spring; the next camp site is on the canyon road a half mile beyond Norris (34 miles from this point). The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned it its name. - NOIR.RIS GEYSER, BASIN. . . . Morris Geyser Basin (20 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 25. miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,470 feet).-The soldier station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is good fishing for rainbow trout. The road leading to the right in a southerly direc- tion is the regular loop road to the Geyser Basins, while that leading to the left in an easterly direction is the loop road returning from the canyon. The geyser basin itself is a half mile South of the junction. - - . - The path for viewing this formation starts immediately in front of the lunch station and follows the board walk in a southwest direc- tion to the road near Black Growler. Owing to the unsafe condi- tion of the crust through this part of the trip it is not wise to step off the walk. Constant Geyser, Whirligig. Geyser, Valentine Geyser, and the new opening of the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of the Black Growler first made its appear- ance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin, with the possible exception of the Constant and Minute Man, are constantly changing in size, locality, character of eruption, and nature of contents of tube. The old opening of the Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. Tourists now proceed southwest along the road to the 34821°–16—5 34 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. Bathtub, on the left.-. Some seasons this is an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes, in other years it boils violently, but does ºss- • Rºss E-43 *S* & Aſ > e$% - & 28 ğ. º &AW ČA t -- } gº §ºsé ſy Tsas- r - r". ty- - p inder Pool º * $ The Reservoir 2-----. º PORCELAN ºxº #. SAS - sº - ,’ /W º # r’ º % § - JEbon ºb * o - oCrystal Spring e tº y Spring - “”. º w z §§ www. * - - * * t" *. .* * - § *\-ſurjeanse t & , º,”. . . /* . . " Ç & Valentineo, i. - t t °, - Black Growlerg - Parpetuat % zzº * K9 .” A * * - - 2^ \Emerald Boot Z" \ O Mºnuteſłław; \ N 21º Yū Monarch * - of artess } * - - ... " º \\ºupirator { sº S Corpora! & New Crater A. cº º - Gr & Récess f f M &pring - O Echinus * * sº Coral Spring wº * gº gº + $9 M. - *a serve ºakes * * Cold Springs SKETCH MAP OF NORRIS GEYSER BASIN. not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a branch path leads South past Emerald Pool and some small paint pots that have devel- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 35 oped since 1905 to the New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a compara- tively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. . The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from ferruginous minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. The floor of the Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter similar in all respects to the sinter bottoms of the other geyser basins. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths, which flourish luxuriantly, in the warm waters. After returning to the Bathtub the path leads south- west down the hill to, the platform near the Minute Man Geyser. Three hundred feet southeast of the Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Norris's biggest geyser, the Monarch. Unfortunately this geyser has the varying habit, and it is almost impossible to foretell what its period between eruptions will be. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud in- stead of clear water as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice. The path continues south to Fearless, Palpitator, Corporal, Viaen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with such uncertain periods of eruptions that they are unsatis- factory to visit. Congress Pool is on the left of the road south of the lunch station, and has at times been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different characteristics from what it had the preceding month or what it may have the following month. The Echinus and Valentine Geysers are well worth seeing, but have seldom played during the last season or two. The Hurricane is now a mud vent on the right of the road south of the Congress Pool. - t NoFRIs To Low ER GEYSER BASIN (FOUNTAIN HOTEL). From Norris the road leads southwest to the Fountain Hotel (20 miles). It passes through Elk Park, 2 miles from the junction at Norris, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock forma- tion. Through Gibbon. Meadow, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,315 feet, are good camping places; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on, but there is no forage at the Gibbon Falls camp, the first camp beyond Gibbon Meadows where there is forage being on Firehole River, 13 miles from the Gibbon Meadows. At the south end of Gibbon Meadow a branch road leads to the left to Gibbon (or Artist) Paint Pots, located on the mountain side, 50 feet above the meadow level and a half mile from the main road. . 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK.- • Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 44 miles from t Norris), is a trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monument Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones. and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. It is not, however, of enough interest to the casual visitor to pay for the visit, the thermal activity being practically extinct. - The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more prominent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,296 feet) is a fine boiling spring close to the road. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris, altitude 7,100 feet) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (84 miles from Norris), is the very pretty waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camping site on the left, but it has very little, if any, forage for horses. - - - Ten miles from Norris a branch road to the west leads to the western entrance. At this point the road leaves Gibbon River, climbs the mountain to the left, and passes for nearly 5 miles over a rolling sandy country covered by pine forests. The road then descends to Firehole River at the Cascades of the Firehole (144 miles from Nor- ris). Another road from the western entrance joins the belt road at Firehole Cascades. There is good fishing in Firehole River for eastern brook, Loch Leven, Von Behr, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. . - - The road now leads up Firehole River, and just north of the 17- mile post from Norris is a good camp site. Camp sites are now almost continuous for 2 miles. At the 18-mile post a soldier station is passed; in front of this station a short road to Excelsior Geyser and |Upper Geyser Basin branches out to the right. This short road, however, misses most of the Lower Geyser Basin. One-half mile from the soldier station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 44 miles farther, is reached. SIDE TRIPs FROM FounTAIN HOTEL. t Great Fountain Geyser and Firehole Basin.—One and one-half miles southeast by wagon road. No guide needed. ' - Twin Buttes and Fairy Falls (250 feet).-Three miles southwest by trail. No guide necessary. A. * { Fishing.—Good fishing in Firehole River and branches within easy distance of hotel. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARFC. , 37 y LOWER GEYSER BASIN (Fount AIN HOTEL) To UPPER. GEYSER # * ... } - BASIN (OLD FAITH FUL INN). * * W . Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (20 miles from Norris, 40 miles . from Mammoth Hot Springs, and 45 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,240 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of more thorough examination than can be given to the more prominent ones along the road. - After passing the hotel and crossing a flat à few hundred feet. wide, the road ascends a low hill to the Mammoth Paint Pots, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur everywhere throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at the West Thumb. ' * * - - From the unloading platform at the Mammoth Paint Pots a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain, Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. ' ' ' ' ' " ' The Clepsytra, Bellefontaine, Jelly, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. They are given little attention because of the greater attractions that lie before the tourist. > k - . • - South of the Mammoth Paint Pots a branch road leads to the left to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless it is important to hurry on. The main road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a pair of con- stantly playing geysers, known as the Black Warrior or Steady. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, nu- merous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a flame of fire. This con- tinues till the bubble bursts, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road branches to the left, leading 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. to the Great Fountain Geyser, playing every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly considered as one of the sights of the park. Even during the Quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. Between Firehole Lake and the Great Fountain, Bath. Lake, with its bathhouse, is passed; Young Hopeful, Marcissus, Bead, and Pink Cone are all Small and interesting geysers. To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. - From the Great Fountain two roads lead back to join the main road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of the "White Dome. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too feeble to detain the tourist long. - - The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from the Great Foun- tain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Pool, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring, an exquisite dainty. For the next mile or two the road approaches & Twin Buttes, a prominent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River. - Midway Geyser Basin (3 miles from Fountain) is, properly speak- ing, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designation. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser, which was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Prismatic Lake and Turquoise Spring make them worthy companions. Biscuit Basin (6 miles from Fountain) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. - The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Geyser. Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 39 this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are Small geysers whose striking formation gives them their character- istic names. - ~ * - - - Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. 3 § z-e-H #H# § fli- § ifs 5 #Eg •e gº š. & § 3 §§ § t - § # º # - - # # * : † : * * § . ; # \ § º # g & # ...tº %. .” *:::::: §§ v- º cº - • = } ** e_2 g iº o ### * > H. 90) go §§ §§ i ! i ; s R i Š A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is the Artemisia, Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water when in action. TJPPER, GEYSER, IBASIN. A mile and half south of Biscuit Basin, at the base of a small hill, the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Spring, whose beautiful shape and color 40° YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter'. the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest, geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. - . . . ; The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. The Mortar is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last five seasons. . f At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from five to six hours. An overflow from the lower opening presages an eruption within an hour. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Camping not being allowed in the basin, the next camp site is south of Old Faithful Geyser, nearly 2 miles by road from this point. A special camp ground for private parties traveling in automobiles is provided here. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the erup- tion. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. ‘. . . . . From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any curiosi- ties except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path.) The road to the right (the Blacksand Road) is slightly longer and passes many curiosities. . . . . - - * The road to the right turns up the hill and passes the Wylie camp on the right. Immediately beyond the road comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. During the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of the Comet, while over near the edge of the formation is the Splendid. The Comet and Splendid very seldom play. These three geysers as well as all springs in this neighborhood are connected. When one of the geysers plays it affects them all. - A quarter mile beyond the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is the Punchbowl. Then the Black Sand Spring, Specimen Lake, and the Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the Spouter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and the Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful of the Upper Basin springs. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes the Three Sisters group of springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hun- dred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. ‘. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 41 The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads past the shattered cone of the Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, ** º ** º Little ! 42 $4.o sº ſº Nº. tycz" ode Jewel *;\ & Sapphirk Poo § h f \ \ſ. ! {\}}}} \ w #03 ! - 2 t - } { º CN a T- Sin TER PLAIN 2× 3\%auliflower f - X^ º º, ſ/Mirroz- - A Creek 2^ W A / - / / | .N. ,--- / | ºf . \ § / | }; \ -> § 2^ I ..! \ « K. i: - til & Asta Spr. / - | | The Sprite ! - s "Sº 2^ I \ The Gem, ; < § Iron 2^ ! Reşi Bench Sp. R .3 z I º "Iron Spre. | -J : A f § ##temisia I a tº / ; : | Z •elº X--- z W - \ --~~~~~...~. k / | Y Bºº / | ==3 J | \ N e AM | \/ º § \ | *ś, § Q \ \ *ſ{: jºine I S. 3. \ * CyclopSp. \\lſormingglory ful & v \, \ . . .” - \, \; \ w Fº |}- \ \ §Iqrtar ºn - \ } - X iš \ f Chain Lake º - \ f § gº Riverside } \ f ‘....'ſ Y)"w *****------. & \ - . . / - Rocket/. Aft - / 2--- o White Pyramid ſº Grottá. f J’ $ \ Punchbowl | Wylie Camp/Kº § / | >~ e > *-ºſ' ºf & *- cº %aisy Biſh º | 3–2== A # ğ. Welz } - TElack Sand Sp. Round Sºrs. (9 H. Purple Spra. | z Specimen Lake/ > tº a " + & J o - . Sºğº f *** * : º2% M - I go Pine Spr’s º &N Ch;}matio a Emefald. ; 7 <} of{eauty f < &unset/Lakeº ; ( #. z Rainbow Pool ºf The Spouter t *N. > } fºliº | \s, 59.3% ! / ſo G º M. gſ wres # Spanºr ºf Ääß. $olitary'Spº Group ; Makeº 4-3.ſºlets * * . Orange Poojº hºroup w ſ? § *- *\ Saw § §§asmicaid % - Sºmney º $3. \ !2× 7 J º: V. * Crête - &ol - N-- w of "A Castle ޺ssº As 9 * ºffº.º. Baen '. ºupé gº; - * Sºrº §a cy el/Ser * º Y Spoºge w Road s Thrce Sisters.. Sº }\Pond) #Beeffe? gººse Path ––––––– - ad ſº §§ gona, - scAule of FEET Myri group e §=\{Hill & I n I I- - - - 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 White gºvºr. ... h. ſhingmgås \ & Old Faithful A Sº - SCALE of METERs --- sº 2° N ..., |\ \ 200 100 0 200 400 600 The Ruin, `Sºv.A SIKETCH IMAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN. but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three 34821°–16—6 42 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. pools, normally quiet but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again. But lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without it being seen in action. A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Imme- diately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less con- nected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. The Triplets, Bulger, Chimney, and Teakettle are for the most part quiet pools, but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very powerful little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a , sharp whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodic is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill Geyser; here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by Some peculiarity of its crater. . It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as it if might play. This spurting some- times continues for several days, and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. • - From this point the path leads to the soldier station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on another footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill of geyser formation, with a group of four geysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. The Lioness, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the large cub, the Smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . 43 To the west on the next elevation is the Devil's Ear, and a little farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boilings springs. Then the path turns to the South to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. Next a low mound to the South is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach the Giantess too close; it has not much considera- tion for the safety of its visitors, and has been known to break forth into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, smiling crater. When this geyser does start, the vast masses of erupted water are wonderful to behold. - Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the south to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. "On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman, Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and going south to the very head of the basin, the tourist arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists’ friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and, in addi- tion, it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of wel- coming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist who cared to look at it. The head of the upper Basin is 9 miles from the Fountain, 29 miles from Norris, 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 54 miles from Gardiner, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store is located here near the hotel. The road leaves the basin South of the Old Faithful for the West Thumb, 19 miles away. There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. The forage, however, is lacking at these sites. The next camp site is 3% miles farther, on the branch road to the Lone Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the main road. g - |- 70020Iſº,OI,0II----,0330 Iſ/08III •A•N?sı':'）; ſe\--A.“）●| ！%SSS33/2,șķ{{}}},#| ſ o`ſcº №g»300pusHºw ſ;ºr__aſſº_ſ01 };----**sœſººſ† gº !-Nſae `§ -podſtry，S \:Xq|^A0|jeg$ -§ș* % ſºo8. �\j-• S >Ş: $ n w = 1 v T d = N g l s H o_1 t d&yÈ AaArms tuoſºofnað “Sºntò§ Æq x(re）I ȚwuoțļāN 'guðņsſottº， go dwp！!Ģ º aſawiągſuſurpy jo qaaqs oſqđūıÅodo I, 10}}wzirºP∞ �?Ł:ì ș:#ffa, ‹ſſ›.9ș80 I & $‘UJWºrgſhº8:3 nuw ， O Enyos |-}OHVCIL-WNWILNOJAI-ĐNIJWIOXAA· g/XIHVā TVNOILYN GENOLSAAOTTEIX 'uļW 91q01 №##oosolº，·ſię(HIHI, JIO Mae J01|00°țăAIWIWI GIOTIQ-9-‘IGIAVÄHI, ! ± |×·Ē—=\—# ° ; …ººº!!!#&|Ģºrſpºr}� ZJnų.0Ş'\W>Ș\ºKLºla-^øyp'ſ oņºgļuſ ©§！ —~~~~ £į oosolw » （、y §…， 00901# {)NIWOXAA ſº ; }9+9·&ºT 137 y | gy/ o\º4%\\(7%?ȚĂ,(ayox*taeN ~\}\\À ،ê\\ºko?sseſ;ğ8!） ºgr-_^ h_ae?ſſſſſſ--HYTs & MOT*---- „kº£?º, ºſſºoſ} 00.16-troņ8,5)fè*•^ ſa Aļzz|10// qoun I«>7º -$§§21%Ilºkao， ?anț�� -¿?Nșiź.\ - -00901 |08|3owysuws usvº ºd aus（~~�N|× yyĀí5，0þ' ;：TĪTO§Şaſſº· : 0090||-• 0“Yſa dņu3AſSssſſſſſſſor?№rsſ）;§ øynt poſtuar• !| |Ģ$oyºt pinan，2：2 duwo utawiſøā ſylw uqs�*Ša.-N•： u>'），-->|- ،~~~??\\yaowºX-&ş-*…! OssºářádÄ№.?gº| „~~~~~222ſ^® | \} _ -， . ! øyw'r fi coſ（2ſ}};">№№ -º -- * 1 ： 1）= • + →<5+ āſīsāſ jſ-VNVINȘI Tºlºſ，ĒĒĖĖĘĘĢĢĞĞģë„G? ae'r# -\** 00çº, ！(33 NY8||LIN3 H 1808) \* * uļwºùųê04||3||H!…- - ••---- -->«•�• •：• ！=~-% a●� 100,011！— • —?）;！---∞,0930||„002 || || -- 4�{■•'- §· · Horns.—The horn will be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles; and before meeting or passing other matchines, or riding or driving animals. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 73 Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles will take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient (ºđeĻIæAo đgtu aqq Jo sūoņoos o AAą auſų qtaqq 0ļON) **XIRIVAI VIV NIOIJLW NI GINIOLSAAOTITOIX JIO GIWIWI GITIĶIOWIOL.[1\7 9 | 6 || ? syre-zz - - - - SETTWC， º£92 +7 ±TIVOS f^\/3. Lººle. E NO LS H.O.Lleſ 00801#· №ae,→sųo-auļļoseº|- ſuł. W º[qeL¡№ººaeÈ{{K .}}}}}}}}}},æ：5 …，.BW nHl.- → ---- s|ſo – auſſoses) (77żaeocy dwy awaïs) \/ €. W nH4. LS3. NÅ sųo-auſį oseº) (7×7×44) dW \！/O £. W nH_L |TsIſo-Buļļoseº|- Ķºſſº，ſºſ, „A|| Ô• • 1 ya! uſseſ suoſsuſig w wdW \！0 ºn n.8\{L[\ſ_3\ Cl7! §§§Kaeº \\ • � ¿ ^ ^009 QI§ puo;Şueñ#*）/,！º ĐueoQ +WL3% = ^(777äder davv awvºs) d Wºº) º Od Z3 N 1ĒĢºſſºſosý)：-：5șETē5FFIG,5 ! Jº----● șºſ ſºn -s{ #10-ae º/5'Q;;;;;e9 & W.V.O NIS\fº T\,）.*· 85 SX39 （83’dciri.0€. •{ cº�•º3.:：377 · o 5Ğ €） pº•(777anoº awv ^ty，5)67!！08/-à| »eſ ſeu pºuſeO*• • •-, -， ----4£{#{dW VO Å\78 390 |?| 8Aſ/ſyſ/A//?62až| 00€ 0\,| ...}}-i_1}}{$ 9, NY!|&\,N`S<< ºſºdų__|-||dwºo ol №, Qin and|>=ī3，7a-y... : ºpſuelº---- t.！ 3suo-buı1osºº|| · § € £10^ ueſ， 13,4|| |！ -}};"d! room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles will be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable teams to pass 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. with safety. In no case will automobiles pass animals on the road at a greater speed than 8 miles per hour. • * In addition to the schedules herein given, automobiles must keep clear of any horse-drawn passenger vehicles running upon regular schedules which may be following them; and upon overtaking any horse-drawn passenger vehicles running upon regular schedules, automobiles must not attempt to pass or approach closer than within 150 yards of the same. Reduced engine power—Gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,650 feet for the belt line and east, north, and west entrances, the power of all automobiles is much reduced, so that about 50 per cent more gasoline will be required than for the same distance at lower altitudes. Likewise one lower gear will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long roads, which may become serious unless care is used. Gasoline can be purchased at regular supply stations as per posted notices. • * & Schedule A. Schedule B. Miles. Not earlier | Not later | Not earlier | Not later than— than— than— than— GARDINER, TO NORRIS. 4. zº—" - - Leave Gardiner Entrance----...--------------. 0 6.00 a.m. || 6.30 a.m. || 2.30 p.m. || 3.00 p.m. Arrive Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------- 5 6.20 a.m. || 7.00 a.m. || 2.50 p.m. || 3.30 p.m. Leave Mammoth Hot Springs................. 0 6.45 a.m. || 7.15 a.m. || 5.45 p.m. || 6.15 p.m. Leave Eight-mile Post------------------------ 8 ------------ 8.00 a. m. 8 (1) Arrive Norris -- 20 8.30 a. m. | 9.00 a. m. NORRIS TO WEST ENTRANCE. * . Leave Norris.--------------------------------- 0 ||. 4.00 p.m. || 4.30 p.m. Arrive West Entr 27 |. 6.00 p.m. || 6.30 p.m. NORRIS TO CANYON. Leave Norris. * 0 |.. 3.15 p.m. || 3.30 p.m. Arrive Canyon:------------------------------- 11 |. º 4.00 p.m. || 4.30 p.m.' (For Gallatin Station Entrance see Note 1.) NoFRIs To Fountain HoTEL. Leave Norris....................... 0 28.30 a.m. || 29.15 a.m. | 84.00 p.m. | 84.30 p.m. Leave Firehole Cascades 14. 7 |-----------. 10.30 a.m. l------------|------------ Arrive Fountain Hotel........................ 20 || 10.30 a.m. || 11.00 a.m. || 5.45 p.m. 6.15 p.m. (For Gallatin Station Entrance see Note 1.) w WEST ENTRANCE TO FOUNTAIN HOTEL. Leaye West Entrance: .................. ------ 0. 6.45 a.m., 7.15 a.m. || 7.30 p.m. || 8.00 p.m. Arrive Fountain Hotel........................ 21 8.30 a.m. || 9.00 a. m. § (1) FOUNTAIN HOTEL TO THUMB. Leave Fountain Hotel:::---------------------. 0 || 10.30 a.m. || 11.00 a.m. || 5.45 p.m. || 6.15 p.m. Arrive Upper Basin (Old Faithful Inn). 9 || 12.00 m. 12.30 p.m. || 6.45 p.m. 7.00 p.m. Leave %; Basin (Old Faithful Inn) 0 2.30 p.m. || 3.00 p.m. || 7.00 a.m. || 7.30 a. m. Arrive Thumb Station....................‘....] 19 4.30 p.m. || 5.00 p.m. || 8.30 a.m. || 9.30 a.m. (For South Entrance see Note 1.) THUMB TO LAKE HOTEL. Leave Thumb Station 0 | 4:30 p.m. || 5.00 p.m. | 8.30 a.m. || 9.30 a.m. Arrive Lake Hotel...: 15 5.45 p.m. || 6.15 p.m. || 10.00 a.m. || 11.30 a.m. 1 See Note 3. 2 Via Mesa Road. y 8 Via Mesa Road or Madison Junction. YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK. 75 Schedule A. Schedule B. Miles. Not earlier | Not later | Not earlier | Not later than— than— than— than— —F LAKE HOTEL TO EAST BOUNDARY. Leave Lake Hotel (see Note 1)................. 0 - Arrive East Boundary........ --|- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ºr º ºs t EAST BOUNDARY TO LAKE HOTEL. - Leave East Boundary (see Note 1).-----------. 0 ------------|------------------------------------ Arrive Lake Hotel...--------- 28 ------------|------------|------------------------ LAKE HOTEL TO CANYON. Leave Lake Hotel. (See Note 2)-------------- 7.00 a.m. || 7.30 a.m. || 2.00 p.m. || 2.30 p.m. Leave Canyon Soldier Station................. 16 9.00 a.m. || 10.00 a. m. Arrive Canyon Hotel-------------------------- 17 9.10 a.m. || 10.10 a.m. || 3.15 p.m. || 3.45 p.m. CANYON TO NORRIS. Leave Canyon Hotel.....--------------- * * * * * * 0 3.15 p.m. || 3.30 p.m. Arrive Norris - - 12 4.00 p.m. || 4.30 p.m. (For schedules from Norris to Fountain, Upper Basin, and West Entrance, see above.) CANYON TO TOWER FALLS. Leave Canyon Hotel-------------------------- 0. 1.30 p.m. || 2.00 p.m. || 7.00 a.m. IIl. Arrive Tower Falls— - ia Dunraven Pass. - - - - - - - - - - - ** * * * * * * * * * * 16 P. 3.45 p.m. || 8.30 a.m. || 9.15 a.m. Via Mount Washburn..................... 19 4.15 p.m. || 4.45 p.m. || 9.45 a.m. || 10.15 a.m. (For Cooke City Entrance see Note 1.) - J. TOWER FALLS TO GARDLNER. Leave Tower Falls---------------------------- 0 3.15 p.m. || 4.45 p. m. || 8.30 a.m. || 10.15 a.m. Arrive Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------- 20 5.30 p.m. || 6.45 p.m. || 10.00 a.m. || 12.15 p.m. Leave Mammoth Hot Springs (via Main Road). 0 7.00 a.m. || 7.30 a.m. || 2.30 p.m. || 3.00 p.m. Arrive Gardiner Entrance--------------------- 5 7.20 a.m. || 8.00 a.m. || 2.50 p.m. || 3.30 p.m. MAMMOTH Hot SPRINGs to GARDINER. Leave Mammoth Hot Springs (via Old Road). 0 8.45 a.m. | 9.00 a.m. | 11.45 a.m. | 1.00 p. IIl- Arrive Gardiner Entrance--------------------- 5 9.30 a.m. || 9.45 a.m. | 12.15 p.m. | 1.45 p.m. The acting supervisor of the park has authority to change these schedules if necessary. NOTE. 1.-Owing to scarcity of travel on the roads named, automobiles will be per- Thumb; between the East Entrance and the Lake; between the Northeast or Cooke City Entrance and Tower Falls Station ; and between the West Entrance (Yellowstone, Mont.) and the Northwest or Gallatin Station entrance. Upon entering the main roads at the Thumb, Lake, Tower Falls, and the West Entrance, however, automobiles must conform to the regular schedules. OTE 2.-Automobiles making the morning trip from the Lake to the Canyon will be permitted to make the side trip to Artist Point, provided they keep within the schedule. upon passing Canyon Soldier Station. NoTE 3.—The road from the Wylie Swan Lake Camp to Norris; the Norris-Fountain- Lpper Basin-Thumb-Lake-Canyon-Norris road (called the Belt Line); and the road from the Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Dunraven Pass, are open to automobile and truck travel without schedule from 6.30 p.m. to 6.45 a. m. AUTOMOBILE CAMPS AND SHIELTERS. It is planned to provide free public automobile camps and shelters at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, near Lake Hotel, and Grand Canyon. While the details have not been fully worked out, the present plan contemplates a shelter for machines and a fire- place protected from the weather which may be used by the tourists in common. Tourists may camp on designated areas close to the shelter. Detailed information regarding these camps and shelters may be obtained at the various entrances to the park. *. 76 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. PANORAMIC VIEW. The view described below may be purchased from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21 inches; scale, 3 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” This view is based on accurate surveys and gives an excellent idea of the con- figuration of the surface as it would appear to a person flying over it. meadows and valleys are printed in light green, the streams and lakes in light blue, the cliffs and ridges in brown tints, and the roads in light brown. The letter- ing is printed in light brown and is easily read on close inspection, but . merges into the other colors when the sheet is held at Some distance. - MAPS, Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below. Remittances should be by cash or money order. - Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” º The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents, Area east of park: Crandall and Ishaw.00a. Sheets, Scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - - - Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. LITERATURE. & GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be ad- dressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The three following publications may be obtained free by written request addressed to the Secretary of the Interior or by personal ap- plication to the office of the supervisor of the park: General information regarding Yellowstone National Park. This circular is issued each season and contains data regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, lists of books and magazine articles, a sketch map, and the rules and regulations. - Annual report of the superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, This is the annual administrative report ; it does not contain illustrations or descriptive matter. - 3. Glimpses of our national parks. 48 pages. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. - 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the supervisor of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 77 SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given. Remittances should be by money order or in cash: - - Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” - This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10. cents.” In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, %. § geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New ea.La Il Cle Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. . Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 818). 1915. 28 pages, including .17 illustrations. 5 cents. . Contains descriptions of the species and lists of streams where found. BOOKS.” ALLEN, E. F. A Guide to the National Parks of America, 1915. 286 pages. [BARNES, O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910], 56 pp., illus- trated. BARTH, THEODOR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. . Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive. 1895. 397 pp., illustrated. - # CRONAU, RUDOLF. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259–275. - DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914. 198 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 83–90; Glacier on pp. 23–26 ; Crater Lake on pp. 30–41; Mesa Verde on pp. 78–80; Yosemite on pp. 147–156; Sequoia on pp. 161–162. DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. - º - - A good description of the park in its early days. - FINCK, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890, 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293; Yosemite on pp. 81–107; Crater Lake on pp. 157– 157; Mount Rainier on pp. 209–216. - ~ FountAIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park is described on pp. 173–195. Contains also descriptions of Yosemite, Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake. " - GUNNISON, ALMon. Rambles overland. 1884. 245 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 27–82; Yosemite on pp. 125–156. HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914. 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86; Mount Rainier on pp. 99–109. HARRISON, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. - - Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. - HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. 172 pp., illustrated. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the supervisor of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. - 2 These books are not available for distribution by the Department of the Interior. 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. HERBERTSON, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. isºstone on pp. 171–180; Yosemite on pp. 194–196; Crater Lake on pp. HESSE-VARTEGG, ERNEST won. Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 Wols. 1880. Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242; Yosemite in vol. 2, pp. 130–144. HIRSCHBERG, JULIUS. Won New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblatter. 1888. 276 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 77–111; Yosemite on pp. 190–201. Holmſ Es, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - JoBNSON, CLIFToM. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. T910. 279 pp., illustrated. - - Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. ECIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 188 • RUNTZEMüLLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908, 40 pp. LANGFORD, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. • . IECLERCQ, JULEs. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l'Amerique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. - - MoRRIs, Mrs. JAMES Edwin. A Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illus- trated. - • - Yellowstone on pp. 236—255 ; Yosemite on pp. 191–209. MUIR, JoHN. Our national parks, 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75; Yosemite on pp. 76–267; Sequoia and General Grant on pp. 268–330. MURPHY, JoHN. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. . MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912, 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58; Yosemite on pp. 59–109. Contains color reproductions * of Moran's paintings. - PECK, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world. 1885. 320 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 71–114; Yosemite on pp. 205–244, 284–320. - PIERREPONT, Edward. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311 ; Yosemite on pp. 57–68. PoRTER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–93; Yosemite on pp. 108–142. PRICE, Rose, LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. * Yellowstone on pp. 166–217. - RICHARDSON, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. RoBERTs, EDwARD. Shoshone and other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. - - RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana. vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650-684. SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160; Yosemite on pp. 192–224. SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92; Yosemite on pp. 93–147. Contains notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SEssIons, FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. * Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone, 1916. Illustrated. SMITH, F. DUMoNT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. YELLowsToME NATIONAL PARK. 79 STANLEY, EDWIN J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illus- trated. - STODDARD, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10, Southern California; Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. . STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - SYNGE, GEORGIANA M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR, CHARLES MAUs, Jr. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 283–388. TISSANDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170–188; Yosemite on pp. 139–165. ToMLINSoN, EVERETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone, [1906.] 399 pp., illustrated. e U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrog- raphy, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. - U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. - WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. - - - Contains notes on the fauna and flora. MAGAZINE ARTICLES.” AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. - - AMERICAN CIVIC Association (Washington, D. C.), National Parks, 32 pp. Contains “National Parks, the need of the future,” by James Bryce; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by W. H. Taft ; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by Walter . L. Fisher; “Are National Parks worth while?” by J. H. McFarland. AMERICAN FoRESTRY, wol. 19 (May, 1913), pp. 300–317. Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. AMERICAN GEOLOGIST, vol. 20 (September, 1897), pp. 159–167. Some geological cause of the scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook. AMERICAN HomES AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by K. L. Smith. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERs, TRANSACTIONs, vol. 16 (1888), pp. 46–49. Engineering relations of the Yellowstone Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 16 (1888), pp. 783—803. Geological history of the Yellowstone Na- tional Park, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (1889), pp. 449–453. Soaping geysers, by R. W. Raymond. AMERICAN Journal, OF SCIENCE, 3d S., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872), pp. 105–115, 161–176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Fire- hold Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. - - e 3d S., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by F. W. Hayden. - 4th S., vol. 1 (June, 1896), pp. 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. —4th S., vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Tertiary floras of the Yellow- stone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. 4th S., Vol. 5 (May, 1898), pp. 323–333. Some conditions affecting geyser eruption, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. 1 These publications are not available for distribution by the Department of the Interior, 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. AMERICAN MUSEUM Journ AL, vol. 16 (February, 1916). The hoofed animals of the Yellowstone, by M. P. Skinner. AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279–290. The geysers of Mon- tana. vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 15 (March, 1881), pp. 203—208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellow- stone Park, by W. H. Holmes. - vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040. The present condition of the Yellowstone National Park, by E. D. Cope. - ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, Vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 1–12. The parks and recreation facilities in the United States, by John Nolen. - vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 15–24. Our national parks and reservations, by W. M. Curtis. e APPLETON's Journal, Vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. -- AROUND WORLD, vol. 1 (July–August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. - * ART Journal, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–325. The American wonderland, by Edward Roberts. - ATLANTIC MONTHLY, Vol. 81 (January, 1898), pp. 15–28. The wild parks and reservations of the West, by John Muir. - - vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by . - John Muir. • - BULLETINS DE LA SoCIÉTÉ DE GłogRAPHIE DE PARIs, 6th series, vol. 12 (August 1876), pp. 196–199. Explorations faites sous la direction du Dr. Hayden pendant l’année 1875 dans les Territories de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. BULLETINS DE LA SoCIÉTÉ ROYALE BELGE DE GEOGRAPHIE, Vol. 9 (July–August, 1885), pp. 393–422. Les Geysirs de la terre des merveilles, by J. Leclercq. CENTURY, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. A place of marvels: Yellow- Stone Park as it now is, by R. S. Baker. h CHAMBERS’ Journ AL, 4th S., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. Count RY LIFE, Vol. 22 (June 1, 1912), p. 88. Horseback in Yellowstone Park, by E., Sweet. - ... * (January, 1913), pp. 33–36. Touring in our national parks, by E. A. Mills. CURRENT LITERATURE, vol. 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. - t • - DEUTSCHE RUNDsCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (February, 1879), pp. 240–245, Der Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten, by J. Chavanne. — (July, 1896), pp. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, by Seig- Imund Bergmann. - - * ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by Francis Francis. * - GARDEN AND FOREST, vol. 7 (Apr. 4, 1894), p. 131. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. S. Sargent. - GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITscEIRIFT, vol. 1, pp. 79–89 (1895). Der National-Park am Yellowstone, by Prof. Dr. H. Credner. - GLOBUS, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 118–120. Die Geyser im neuen Wunderland am Obern Yellowstone. vol. 27 (1875), pp. 289–294, 305–309, 321–325, 337–341. Die Geyserregion am Obern Yellowstone. - vol. 28 (1875), pp. 65–70, 81–86, 97–101. Dr. Hayden’s und Langford's Expedition nach den Felsengebirgen. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, • 81 HARPER’s MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), 869–890. The three Tetons, by A. W. Rollins. ſº vol. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. [Beauties of the Yellowstone National Park.] HARPER's WEEKLY, vol. 41 (June 5, 1897), pp. 563—567. The national parks and forest reservations, by John Muir. - -- vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. Lindsey. - HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und December, 1898), pp. 49–61, 109–121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, by P. Schwahn. HISTORICAL SocIETY" of MonTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149—233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addi- Son M. Quincy. t & vol. 4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August and September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. lowstone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370–394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. - - vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562. The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong. • * INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, by C. L. Thompson. - Poem. vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. - Description of the geological history of the park and of the geological features - along the tourist route. INDooBS AND OUT, Vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. INTERNATIONAL GEoLoGICAL CONGRESS, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - P pºcription of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone 8,I’K, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot d - spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. - JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFüRTER WEREINS FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, pp. 57–59 Jahrgang, pp. 9–17. Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, by A Andreae. - - Journ AL of GEogRAPHY, vol. 11 (June, 1913), pp. 314–320. Geology of Yellów- stone National Park, by N. M. Fenneman. - - r Journ AL of GEoLogy, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode, - An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. RANSAs CITY REVIEW of SOIENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. 8 Kosmos, 6 JAHRGANG (1909), pp. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, by J. Burroughs. 7 JAHRGANG (1910), pp. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, by Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. - LADIEs’ Home Journal, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through pictur- esque America. * vol. 21 (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by: S. M. Dale. - • - : vol. 5 (1905), pp. 349–369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yel- 82 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * LA NATURE (2e ser.), vol. 8 (1902), pp. 247–250. Les geysers américains, by M. Boule (reprinted in Le Mouvement Géographique, Bruxelles, 1902), vol. 19, pp. 170–171. - w * LEISURE EIOUR, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE’s WEEKLY, vol. 85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way we live. Our national zoo, by John Bonner. - LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, Vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688–704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. - vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. -Poem. - LITERARY DIGEST, vol. 46 (June 7, 1913), p. 1303. Western mountains and na- tional parkS. - LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL's LIVING AGE, vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, by Francis Francis. - MACMILLAN’s MAGAZINE, Vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421–435. The geyser of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. MAGAZINE of AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Mountains, by P. Koch. re - MAGAZINE of WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yellowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions. - vol. 13 (February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. - MANCHESTER [ENGLAND] GEOGRAPHICAL SoCIETY Journ AL, vol. 15 (January to March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. MooDY, vol. 14 (November, 1912), pp. 367–375. Yellowstone Park, bankers' trip through, by F. W. Ellworth. - MOTOR AGE, Vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 1–10. Uncle Sam.—His Parks, by C. G. Sinsabaugh. vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 10–12. How to get to the national parks, by John P. DOdS. º: MUTTER ERDE, vol. 3 (1900), pp. 12–14, 48–52, 70-72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, by Th. Kirchhoff. NATION, vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by H. T. Finck. . - - vol. 46 (Jan. 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. The Yellowstone Park as a forest res- ervation, by Arnold Hague. vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), p. 219. The Yellowstone National Park [review of H. M. Chittenden's book], by E. Coues. vol. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276–277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H. T. Finck. vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 24.8—250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. - NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE, Vol. 23 (June, 1912), pp. 531–579. Our na- tional parks, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - vol. 24 (July, 1913), pp. 808–834. Wild animals that took their own pictures by day and by night, by G. Shiras. NATIONAL MAGAZINE, Vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Van Blarcom. - vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611-614. Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, . by L. R. Freeman. NATUR, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 340–342, 345–347, 363–366, 372—375. Die Geyser un das Geyserland am Yellowstonefluss in Nordamerika, won O. Ule. - vol. 45 (Sept. 6, 1896), pp. 429–432. Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fielbelkorn. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 83 NATURE, vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. w vol. 6 (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437–439. A gigantic “pleas- ure ground.”; The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NEUEs JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALOGIE (1893), vol. 2, pp. 1–25. Ueber die künst- liche Nachahmung des Geyserphânomens, by A. Andreae. NINETEENTH CENTURY, vol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369–377. The Yellowstone geysers, by F. Francis. - - OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), pp. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455–472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. AndrewS. - vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. .. OUTDoor LIFE, vol. 27 (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J. A. McGuire. - OUTDooB WoRLD AND RECREATION, vol. 49 (July, 1913), pp. 22–26. Vacation jaunts to Uncle Sam's playgrounds, by Arthur Chapman. OUTING, vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. O. Owen. - vol. 30 (May, 1897), pp. 163–164. A woman's trout fishing in Yellow- stone Park, by M. T. Townsend. vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone Na- tional Park, by W. W. Thayer. - t vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H. HenderSon. - - vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508—511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yellowstone Park, by R. E. Clark. . vol. 61 (January, 1913), pp. 449–455. Four-footed citizens of the Yellow- stone, by J. M. Johnson. * - a OUTLook, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by H. H. Lewis. vol. 95 (May 28, 1910), pp. 157–169. Scenery as a national asset, by Allen Chamberlain. vol. 100 (Feb. 3, 1912), p. 246. A national park service. vol. 102 (Dec. 14, 1912), pp. 811–815. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. OvKRLAND MonTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489–496. The Washburn Yellowstone expedition. - - 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1–13. The world's wonderlands in Wyo- ming and New Zealand, by C. F. G. Cumming. - - 2d S., vol. 29 (June, 1897), pp. 594—603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. PETERMANN’s GEOGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, Vol. 17 (1871), pp. 278–279. Eine WunderWelt am Yellowstone. vol. 18 (1872), pp. 241–253, 321–326. Die neu entāeckten Geyser Gebiete. am Oberen Yellowstone und Madison River. * vol. 38 (1892), pp. 92-93. Ueber das Anseifen der Geyser im Yellowstone National Park, by Dr. Carl Diener. PLANT WoRLD, vol. 1 (January, 1898), pp. 52–55. The standing fossil forests of. the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. - PoPULAR SCIENCE MonTHLY, Vol. 25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world’s geyser regions, by A. C. Peale. t vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289–295. A great winter Sanitarium for the American Continent, by Edward Frankland. , vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Tillman. - vol. 54 (February, 1899), pp. 475-481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park]: A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. vol. 80 (June, 1912), pp. 531–547. The national parks from the scientific and educational side, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. RECREATION, vol.4 (May, 1896), pp. 221–225. Game in the Yellowstone National , Park, by O. D. Wheeler. - vol. 11 (August, 1899), pp. 103–104. Glories of the Yellowstone, by I. W. Walker. vol. 12 (June, 1900), pp. 449–450. Predatory beasts in Yellowstone Park, by U. S. Bracket. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 417–423. In a wild animal republic, by Dan Beard. * vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 425–429). Protect the game in Yellowstone Park, by L. R. Freeman. - vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 431–434. From New York to Heaven, by Myra Emmons. vol. 30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53-55. “Sage brush ’’ in Yellowstone Park, by H. D. FOSter. vol. 34 (December, 1911), il., pp. 262-263. A walking trip through Yellowstone Park, by C. P. Fordyce. vol. 36 (July, 1912), pp. 32–33. Wyoming's entrance to Yellowstone Park, by W. N. Montfort. Y. - - REVIEW OF REVIEws, vol. 40 (July, 1909), pp. 44–48. The Nation's playgrounds, by G. O. Smith. - - SAINT NICHOLAs, vol. 30 (Septembér, 1903), pp. 998-999. Novel fishing feat, by Everett Foster. & • vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by W. H. Weed. - - vol. 13 (April, 1892), pp. 230–236. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by W. H. Weed. - SCIENCE, vol. 11 (June 1, 1888), pp. 255–256. IMap of] the Yellowstone Na- tional Park. w ScIENCE, vol. 13 (May 17, 1889), pp. 382–384. Soaping geysers, by Arnold Hague. - vol. 17 (Jan. 16, 1891), pp. 36–37. Mineral waters of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. H. Weed. • vol. 22 (Nov. 3, 1893), pp. 244–246. Overland sounds in the vicinity of Yellowstone Lake, by Edwin Linton. * - n. S., vol. 6 (July 30, 1897), pp. 145–157. Vegetation of the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, by B. M. Davis. - n. S., vol. 9 (Feb. 24, 1899), pp. 425–442. Early Tertiary volcanoes of the Absaroka Range, by Arnold Hague. n. S., vol. 19 (Apr. 15, 1904), Death Gulch, by F. W. Traphagen. n. S., vol. 33 (Apr. 14, 1911), pp. 563–568. Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, • vol. 37 (Mar. 21, 1913), pp. 446–447. Yellowstone, by W. S. Franklin. vol. 37 (June 20, 1913), p. 941. Yellowstone Park and bears, by J. L. Smith. - * vol. 38 (July 25, 1913), pp. 127–129. Yellowstone Park bears a nuisance, by W. S. Franklin. -- - ScIENTIFIC AMERICAN, vol. 82 (Jan. 27, 1900), p. 60. Rapid decline of geyser activity in Yellowstone Park, by E. H. Barbour. - I SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, vol. 55 (Jan. 3, 1903), pp. 22575–22576. The geysers of Yellowstone Park, by D. A. Willey. - SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE, vol. 8 (May, 1892), pp. 233–248. The Yel- lowstone region and its geysers, by H. M. Cadell. SCRIBNER's MAGAZINE, Vol. 35 (May, 1904), pp. 513–527. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - SCRIBNER's MonTHLY, vol. 2 (May and June, 1871), pp. 1–17, 113–128. The wonders of the Yellowstone, by N. P. Langford. E. vol. 3 (November, 1871), pp. 1–17. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. VertS. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 85 SCRIBNER's MoMTHLY, vol. 3 (February, 1872), pp. 388–396. More about the Yellowstone, by F. W. Hayden. vol. 6 (June, 1873), pp. 129–157. The ascent of Mount Hayden, by N. P. Langford. & - SIERRA CLUB BullFTIN, vol. 8 (January, 1912), pp. 236–239. Are national parks worth while? by J. Horace McFarland. * vol. 9 (January, 1913), pp. 28–32. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. - SouTFIERN MAGAZINE, Vol. 9 (August, 1871), pp. 219–223. The falls of the Yellowstone, by Howard O'Neill. - SPECTATOR, vol. 81 (Dec. 24, 1898), pp. 944—945. The Yellowstone Park to-day. SUNSET, vol. 27 (August, 1911), pp. 131–140. Yellowstone Park before the Season OpenS, by A. W. North. TIJDSCHR. Kon. NEDERL. AARDR. GENOOTSCHAP (1891), pp. 444-484. Geysers, by H. Zonderwan. - - - ToUB DU MondE, vol. 28 (1874), pp. 289—352. Le parc national des Etats-Unis, by MM. Hayden, Doane et Langford. TRAVEL MAGAZINE, Vol. 16 (March, 1911), pp. 233—236. The how and why of geysers, by C. H. Claudy. - - - vol. 23 (May, 1914) pp. 19–21. Petrified forests of Yellowstone Park, by G. E. Mitchell. - UEBER LAND UND MEER, vol. 101 (1909), pp. 311-313. Geyser und heisse Quellen, by Dr. M. Wilh. Meyer. * - VERHANDLUNGEN DER GESELLscHAFT FüR ERDKUNDE ZU BERLIN (1887), vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 154–171. Ein Ritt durch den Yellowstone Park, by E. Deckert. Womſ FELS zu M MEER, Vol. 15 (1896), pp. 374–379. Der Yellowstone Park in Nordamerika, by Max Graf von Zeppelin. - vol. 23 (1904). Der Yellowstone Park, by O. Eckstein. - WESTERN MonTHLY, vol. 4 (July, 1870), pp. 60–67. Walley of the Upper Yellow- Stone, by C. W. Cook. WoRLD To-DAY, vol. 8 (June, 1905), pp. 631–639. A nation's playground, by H. F. Cope. - - vol. 19 (November, 1910), pp. 1263–1272. Touring Yellowstone Park on Government highways, by M. O. Eldridge. WoRLD's WoRK, vol. 6 (June, 1903), pp. 3569–8576. On horseback through the Yellowstone, by H. D. Sedgwick, jr. - - vol. 24 (May, 1912), pp. 68–77. Unknown wonders of our national parks. ZEITUNG DES WEREINS DEUTSCHER EISENBAHNVERWALTUNG, Vol. 48 (September, 1908), pp. 1151–1154, 1167–1169. Die Erschliessung der Yellowstone National Park in den Vereinigten Staaten von America durch Verkehrswege, by A. Küntzemuller. OTHER NATIONAL PARKS. The circulars containing information about National Parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. - YOSemite National Park. The Hot Springs of Arkansas. Mount Rainier TNational Park. Glacier National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Mesa Verde National Park. Wind Cave National Park. - Sequoia and General Grant National | Casa Grande Ruin. - ParkS. - 86 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. actº S-0 ſ? fººd D A. exford \GLACTER ~ : ) NATIONAL -ry •º. Bèlton2d PARK C - Shelby #º. C Glacier Park #72, Kalispell Glasgow C Blackfoot c Pocatello! C Cº. Bozemanſo-c ~. %Billings Nº & Livingston * . Q. * - - Gardiner Frannie . o S-3 & Yellowstone |YELLowstone --~~" *Vri NATIONAL **-J * { - Y \ſ § PARK Cody o «-» 3 e sº so ? So Try <> Thermopolis C Idaho Falls C O L 0 R A D O Approximate Scale 100 90 8070 6050403020 10 0 MAP SHOWING RAILROAD ROUTES TO YELL PARKS © 200 Stat. Miles OWSTONE AND GLACIER NATIONAL EOUND MAR 28 1917 UNIV. ºf Milº, LIBRARY DO NOT REMOVE OR MUTILATE CARD ***** * *~********** „¿ †ğ，ț¢ * UNIV. OF: * L|3|RAR p: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - 7? FRANKLIN K. LANE, SECRETARY t- - .4% VA National Park service STEPHEN T. MATHER, DIRECTOR GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Season of 1917 • { The Wonder Spot of America—Its Marvelous Geysers and How to See Them— How a Geyser “Works"—The Gorgeous Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, bril- liant and varied in color beyond description—Largest Wild Animal Refuge in the World—The Petrified Forests—How to Reach the Park—Hotels and Camps and Cost of Living—Traveling Facilities and Cost—Maps WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1917 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GIANCE. - Number, it; total area, 9,774 square miles.] National parks in Order of creation. Location. Area in square 0S, Distinctive characteristics. Casa Grande Ruin.. 1889 Sequoia. ----------- © 1890 . Yosemite........ - - - 1890 General Grant......! 1890 Mount Rainier..... 1899 Crater Lake........ 1902 Glacier------------- - 19 LaSSen Volcanic.... 1916 Mount McKinley... 1917 Middle Arkansas...... Northwestern Wyo- ming. Arizona...... & m e º e º 'º - - Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. West central Wash- ington. Southwestern Oregon. South Dakota......... North Dakota......... Southwestern Colo- rado. Northwestern Mon- tana. North middle Colo. rado. Northern California... South central Alaska.. Southern Oklahoma...I I % 3,348 252 1,125 4 324 249 16 1,534 398 118 !. 46 hot Springs possessing curative properties— Many hotels and boarding houses—20 bath- houses under public control. More geysers than in all rest of world together— Boiling Springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified for- ests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- markable for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes— Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, constituting greatest wild bird and ; preServe in world—Exceptional trout 1Ing. Noteworthy relics of a prehistoric age; discovered 94. in ruinous condition in 16 The Big Tree National Park—12,000 sequoia trees " over 10 feet in diameter, somé 25 to 36 feet in diameter–Towering mountain ranges—Start- ling precipices—Fine trout fishing. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs-Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra-Waterwheel falls—Good trout fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Gran Tree, 35 feet in diameter—6 miles from Sequoia National Park. Largest accessible single peak glacier system—28 glaciers, Some of large size—48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful sub- alpine wild flower fields. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct yolcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. Cavern having many miles of galleries and numer- ous chambers containing many peculiar forma- tions. Many Sulphur and other springs possessing medic- inal value. Small rugged hill containing prehistoric ruins– Practically a local park. . Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine eharacter—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- sands of feet deep-Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. - Three Separate areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii; Haleakala on Maui. Only active volcano in United States proper— Lassen Peak, 10,465 feet—Cinder Cone 6,879 feet—Hot Springs—Mud geysers. Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in World. CONTENTS. General description. ------------------------------------------------------ The geysers----------------------------------------------------------- - Other hot-water phenomena. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interesting fossil forests.............. ------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Greatest wild animal refuge........ ** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Bears----------------------------------------------------------------- Trout fishing--------------------------------------------------------- Railroads------------------------------------------------------------------ Transportation and accommodations......... -------------------------.. * - - - Hotels and camps------------------------------------------------------ Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.......-------------....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yellowstone Park Camping Co-------------------------------------- Transportation in the park---------------------------------------------- Boat Service on Yellowstone Lake... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bathhouse.------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Photographs of the park.--------------------------------------------------. Personally conducted camping parties--------------------------------------- Principal points of interest. . . . . . . . .--------------------------------------- Gardiner (northern entrance) to Mammoth Hot Springs......... . . . . . . . . . . The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs.......... ------------------...... - Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris...---------...... ----------. . . . . . . . . - - - Norris Gevser Basin.--------------------------------------------------- Norris to Lower Geyser Basin.----------------------------------------- Lower Geyser Basin to Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp)------------------------------------------------ Upper Geyser Basin.--------------------------------------------------- Side trips from Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp. . . . . . . . . Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Thumb---------------------------------------------------------- Thumb to Lake Hotel and Camp...... --------------------------------- Lake Hotel and Camp to Grand Canyon. ............................... Side trips from Lake Hotel and Camp.................................. Grand Canyon-------------------------------------------------------- Grand Canyon to Norris. ---------------------------------------------- Gºff Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower 3.118-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), to Loop Road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance, to Loop Road......................... Moran, Wyo., via Southern entrance, to Loop Road.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tower Falls to Buffalo Farm, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prominent geysers and Springs.--------------------------------------------- Notes on fish------------------------------------------------------------- Rules and regulations. ........-------------------------------------------- General regulations--------------------------------------------------- Automobile regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Automobile camps and shelters--------------------------------------------- Panoramic view.---------------------------------------------.`------------- Maps---------------------------------------------------------------------. Literature.--------------------------------------------------------------- Other national parks------------------------------------------------------ National monuments.----------------------------------------------------- P age 4 CONTENTS. MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Ideal section through 2,000 feet of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests-------------------------------------------------------- - Sketch Map of Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------------------..... Sketch Map of Norris Geyser Basin... -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '• - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * ~ * Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin------------------------------.... . . . . . . . . Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin.------------------- --------------------- Sketch map of Grand Canyon----------------------------------------------- Automobile map of Yellowstone National Park------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Moun- tain, and Mesa Verde National Parks... -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks.------ Page. GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONENATIONAL PARK, GENERAL DESCRIPTION. HE Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. * The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872 (U. S. Revised Stat., secs. 2474 and 2475), and has an area of 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. Road and bridge construction and road gºing are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the I’In W. - y THE GEYSERS. There are three geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, and the Upper Basins, all lying in the west central part of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, iń. Old Faithful, spout at accurate intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers are, roughly speaking, water volcanoes. They occur only at º where the internal heat of the earth º close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean hº collecting in the bottom of the geyser's Crater, down among the strata of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. - - - It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - 5 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, At last the water in the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so it bursts upward with great violence, rising many feet in the air and continuing to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A mimic geyser was made in the laboratory of the Department of the Interior in the winter of 1915, which when in action plays at regular intervals of a minute and a quarter. The water is fººd in a metal bulb, and finds its way to the surface vent through a spiral rubber tube. When it plays the water rises 3 or 4 feet in height, varying according to the intensity of the heat applied at the bulb. - The water finds its way back by an iron pipe into the bulb, when presently it again becomes heated and discharges itself. OTHER HOT-WATER, PHOENOMENA. Nearly the entire Yellowstone region, covering an area of about 3,300 square miles, is remarkable for its hot-water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water mani- festations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanos, and other strange phenomena are frequent. At Mammoth, at Norris, and at Thumb the hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. Over the edges of these carved basins pour the hot water. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which in warm weather glow brilliantly, but in cold weather almost disappear. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old #. played with great regularity every 70 minutes, but during the sum- mer of 1915 the interval lengthened to about 85 minutes, due, it is supposed, to the smaller snowfall and consequent lessened water sup- ply of the preceding winter, and has since fluctuated between that number and 65. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular inter- vals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also a rather awe-inspiring spectacle when seen for the first time. The visitor may climb upon them and pick his way around among the steaming pools. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK, 7 ools are often intensely green. The incrustations are often beauti- ully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been j in the charged waters become exquisitely plated, as if with frosted silver. - GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE. But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means, the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But you must not confuse your Grand Canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “the Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to iook almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the south a waterfall twice the height of Niagara rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward to be lost again in green. From that point 2 or 3 miles to where you stand and beneath you widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably, carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. . Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Some- times they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. * And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope. The whole is streaked and spotted and stratified in every . from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from dee crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from i. through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark, pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the ſºle slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point. DUNRAVEN IFASS AND TOWER. FAILLS. The visitor who from the canyon follows the road northward to Mammoth views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. 8 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. A few miles farther north, where the road again finds the shore of . the Yellowstone River, scenery is again encountered at Tower Falls, which has few equals. . The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the ramparts of rock far above the foaming Yel- lowstone are romantic to a high degree. - INTERESTING FossII, FoRESTs. The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. , Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the . floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an approac to Amethyst Mountain. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. Just outside the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, between the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. GREATEST WILD ANIMAI, IREIFUGE. The Yellowstone National Park is the largest and most successful wild animal refuge in the world. It is also, for this reason, the best and most accessible field for nature study. * * - s Its 3,300 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as Inature made them, for the 200 miles of roads and the four hotels and many camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road or trail or camp. , No herds invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are seldom seen by the people filling the long trains of vehicles which travel from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails º see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journey- ing on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass, and the officers’ children feed them flowers. ğ. of the diversions at the road build- ers' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. - - ſº f - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. BEARS. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks experience to be entirely inoffensive if not attacked. Even when attacked they make every possible effort to escape, and only turn upon men when finally driven into some place from which they can not get away. Then only are they dan- gerous, and then they are dangerous indeed. • YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 9 * º § C §§ §§§ - # Sºś i:; iš. *==º- Ecº-º: ES-Er; sº º KS ºr §CŞY § w § É É - §§ 5 §§§3. §: w Sºº-ºº: gºſ º º - E-ms----->= E. ºº::Refº:5 - CºSS *E*:::$ºtº ºº:º º-3 itſº º § #ºpºrº §: §§ .*a sº •.V. 3A, aº Azºg IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET of BEDs of SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CEssion of BURIED FOREST. AFTER HOLMES. • 95782°–17—2 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which, by the way, are the same species only differently colored—the blondes and brunettes, so to speak, of the same bear family—are quite different. They are playful, comparatively fearless, sometimes even friendly. They are reedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. The arge meat º: which carried supplies to the distant hotels and º: overnight were equipped with iron covers, because the bears used to rip off the wooden tops during the resting times and run off with sides of beef and mutton. One night several years ago teamsters drove three bears from the top of a single one of these big wagons. This wild animal paradise contains 30,000 elk, several thousand moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, and a harge and inereasing herd of wild bison. It is an excellent bird preserve also; more than 150 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles abound among the crags. ild 'geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many thousands of large white pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TROUT FISHEISIG. Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All three of the reat watersheds abound in trout, which often attain large size. Yel- #. Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excellent catches to the skillful angler. The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Michigan grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the lesser lakes. RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railway reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont.; the Oregon Short Line Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 63 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. Arrangements have been made by these three railroads to authorize the sale, during the park season, of round-trip, excursion tickets covering rail transportation to the park via the lines of any one of these roads and return via the same route or via the lines of one of the other two roads. - • *. For instance, a ticket may be procured which will entitle the purchaser thereof to passage over the lines of the Northern Pacific and connecting lines to Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrange to the park, and return via the same route, or he may procure a ticket at the same rate which will entitle him to rail transportation to Gardiner and a return trip via the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy or Union Pacific Railroads from Cody, Wyo., or Yellowstone, Mont., as he desires. For the first time, therefore, the prospective visitor to the park has the privilege of entering the park at one entrance and leaving it at the same point or at any one of the other gateways. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 11 . Furthermore, the railroads are prepared to sell coupons covering automobile service through the park, these coupons to be attached to the railroad ticket. Coupons covering accommodations at the park hotels and the permanent camps & Wylie Way”) may also be pur- chased in connection with rail and automobile transportation tickets. Detailed information regarding these tickets may be obtained from local railroad ticket agents. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned; that Yellowstone National Park be ºf not alone as a region which may be seen on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recrea- tion. - TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS. General information may be obtained at the supervisor's office at Mammoth Hot Springs, Wyo., and complaints regarding service should be addressed to that officer. The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 15. - The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. g The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located 5 miles from the northern entrance. Those entering from the west should have their mail addressed to Yellowstone, Mont. Telegrams may be sent from hotels to any part of the world. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Canyon. A special permit from the Director of the National Park Service is required to take moving pictures in the park. utomobiles, for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park under appropriate regulations and after payment of a license fee. (See pp. 62-66.) There are four hotels, six permanent camps, and an automobile transportation line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior, and movable camps operate under yearly license issued by the department, but every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations rinted on pages 60 to 66. Circulars and information may be obtained rom the concessioners whose addresses are given in this circular. IHOTELS AND CAIMFS. YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Upper Geyser Basin, 12 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellow- Stone. * The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 15, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: Rates of the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. IHOTEL CHARGES. Board and lodging, American plan, Meals or lodging, part of a day— regular accommodations (not in- Continued. cluding private bath), per day, Lunch----------------------- $1.25 each person-------------------- $6.00 Dinner----------------------- 1.50 Board and lodging, including pri- Meals served in rooms, extra, each. .. 50 vate bath, accordingtotheroom's Shaving------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . 25 location and number of occu- Hair cutting---------------------- . 50 pants.-------------------- 7.00–10.00 | Shampooing, men.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 50 (It is expressly understood that Shampoo, ladies-------------. 1.00–1. 50 where connecting rooms have ac- Scalp treatment------------------ I. 00 cess to private bath, each room is Face massage, men---------------- . 50 to be considered as having private Face massage, women--------- - - - - 1.00 bath, unless one or more of the Clay pack------------------------ 1. 50 rooms are locked off from the bath- Ladies’ hair dressing, plain-- - - - - - . 50 room.) . . Ladies' hair dressing, fancy. -- 1.00–2.00 Meals or lodging, part of a day: Bath----------------------------- . 50 Lodging---------------------- 2. 00 • Breakfast--------------------- 1.25 | NEWS STANDS. Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. * TELEGRAMS. - From all points in the United States (except Helena, Mont.) to Helena, Mont., at Western Union rates; Helena to Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park Hotel Co., charge of 25 cents for first 10 words and 2 cents }. each additional word; Helena to other points in Yellowstone National Park, charge of 50 cents for first 10 words and 3 cents for each additional word. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. g TELEPHONE MESSAGES. Use of telephone from or to any point in the park, not to exceed 1 minute, 25 cents. Each additional minute, 15 cents. - - YELLOWSTONE PARE CAMIPING CO. The Yellowstone Park Camping Co. maintains six permanent camps in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Riverside near the western entrance, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellow- stone Take, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, and Tower Falls. The address of the camping company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo.; from June 15 to j 15, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the camps are as . Rates of the Yellowstone Park Camping Co. CAMP RATES. Five-day tours: Meals and lodging OIl regular five-day trip through the park (including baths, where bathhouses are completed). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $18.00 Meals and lodging without bath: Per Week--------------------------------------------------------- 21.00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 13 Lodging per person per day: J. Old-style tent------------------------------------------------------ $0.75 New-style tent--...--`------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .* - - - - - - - 1.00—1.50 Breakfast---------------------- ---------------------------------------- . 75 Lunch........ - - - - - - - - - -'-------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . .75 Dinner---------------------------------------------------------------- 1.00 Bath, where bathhouses are completed.--------------------------------- . 50 (Children under 12 years old, one-half of above rates.) - Shave---------------------------------------------------------------- . 25 Hair cut-------------------------------------------------------------- . 50 Shampoo------------------------------------------------------------- . 50 Race massage: - - - ©Il- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .40 Women---------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 75 Manicuring------------------------------------------------------------ . . 50–. 75 Boot blacking------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ... 10 - GUIDES, HORSES, AND CONVEYANCEs. Guide for horsemen: Per day----------------------------------------------------------- 4. 50 Per hour---------------------------------------------------------- 1.00 Guides for walking parties, local trips, per hour or fraction thereof.----... . . . 50 Saddle or pack horse: - - - - - - Per day------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.00 Per hour or fraction thereof.--------------------------------------- . 75 Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at per-hour rates for the excess over 8 hours. - - - Surrey, with driver, 1 to 3 passengers, per day.......---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00 Surreys kept out over 8 hours will be charged for per hour or fraction thereof over 8 hours-------------------------------------------- ------------- 1.25 Surrey, with driver, 3 or more jº. for each passenger per hour- - - - - - . 75 Five-passenger vehicle, with driver, 1 to 5 passengers, per 3. - - - - - - - - - - - 8.00 Five-passenger vehicles kept out over 8 hours will be charged for per hour or fraction thereof over 8 hours. -------------------------------------. 2.00 Vehicles are limited to a distance of not exceeding 5 miles from camp, unless - specially arranged for. - - . - Seats in conveyance for drive: - - - - - - - - * Over Formation, Upper Geyser Basin......... * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . 50 Over Formation, Mammoth Hot Springs or to Buffalo Corral.......... . 75 To Inspiration Point, at Canyon.------------------------------------ . 75 To Artist Point to Canyon.----------------------------------------. . 25 From Tower Falls Camp— - - * To Tower Falls.....------------------------------------------- . 75 To Buffalo Farm......----------------------------------------- 1. 50 To Petrified Forest. . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I. 00 Horse feed, oats or hay, per feed.---------------------------------------. . 50 TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK. - The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates a transportation line from the various entrances to the park to the various hotels, camps, and points of interest. The º of this company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 15; there- after, Helena, Mont. The authorized rates are as follows: . . Rates of Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. PARK Tour. From any entrance—full park tour, and back to the same entrance, or any other entrance--------------------------------------------------------- $25.00 On regular park tour cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, minimum of 5 passengers, each...... ----------------.* = • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.00 14 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. SIDE TRIPS. From Mammoth: * From Canyon: . Terraces and Buffalo Corral. . . $1.00 Top of Mount Washburn and Gardiner and return. ---------- 2. 00 return- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $4.00 From Upper Basin: Either side of canyon. --- - - - - - I. 0%) Hurry trips to Geysers........ 50 Sulphur Mountain---------- - - 2.50 Black Sand Basin------------ - . 50 | From Tower Falls (minimum 5 Lone Star Geyser. . . . . . . . . --- 1. 50 fares): From Thumb (minimum 5 fares): Buffalo Farm and return..... . 5.00 Snake River and return. ------ 8. 00 Cooke City and return. -- - - - - - I4.00 Jacksons Lake and return. . . . . I6. 00 Awtomobile stage schedules. [The schedules shown below are followed as closely as possible. They are given as a matter of information and are subject to change. The automobile stages run daily from all points.] Time. Short stop-overs en route at— IN AND OUT GARDENIER. LV. Gardiner-------------------------| Hi.39 a. Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs. -- - - - - - - - - I2.00 e g Lv. Mammoth Hot Springs 8.30 a. Norris Basin, , the Paint Pots, #: º #º* = * * * * * * * * * - #; g Great Fountain Geyser. V ait - • & dº º gº Ar. Lake Hotel... - 5.15 }Thumb Station. k: §§ - {}} e }opposite side of Grand Canyon. v. Grand Canyon. -------- ---, 1.30 p. l Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs- 4.30 - |}|D , Pass, Tower Falks. Ar. Gardiner.------------------------- 7.15 | IN GARDINER, AND OUT YELLOWSTON.E. Lv. Gardiner... --- Ar. Mammoth Hot Sp W. Mammoth Hot S 3. Norris Basin, , the Paint Pots, #: § £º (via Norris) | 2005. Great Fountain Geyser. V. aithful---------------------- .00 p.m.------------------- g Ar. Lake Hotel -------------------...-- 5.15 p.m.------------------ }Thumb Station. LV. Lake Hotel. ----------------...... 10.00 a.m. ------------------- }º side of Grand Canyon; Ar. Grand Canyon. ------------------- 12.00noon.------------------- ºf side trip to Dunraven. Pass. Lv. Grand Canyon...... -------------- 2.30 p.m.------------------- Ar. Yellowstone Station (via Norris). 5.30 p.m...... -- . . . . . . . . . . . IN GARDINER AND OUT copy. LV. Gardiner------------------------. 11.30 a.m. ------------------- Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs........... 12.00 noon ------------------ º - Lw. Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . 8.30 p.m.------------------- }Nº. Basin, the Paint Pots, iy § §* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1;; P. III - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Great Fountain Geyser. • Jºy W. alliſiftli - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - •UU P. III - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - & AF. Lake Hotek----------------------- 5.15 p.m.------------------- }Thumb Station. LV. Lake Hotel----------------------- 10.00 a.m. ------------------ oriº side Grand Canyon; side rand Canyon -------------------- 12.00noon.------------------ ſ trip to Dunraven Pass. %. §§º * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * #. 8. In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - T. Lake H.Otel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.00 a.m. ------------------- LV. Lake Hotel--------------......... 12.30 p.m.------------------- }Shoshone Canyon. * * * * * *- sº * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... --| 6.00 p. ! IN AND OUT CODY. Lw. y - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8.00 a.m.------------------- Ar. Lake Hotel..... -------------------| 1.30 p.m... -----...-----...}{Shoshone Canyon, opposite side of LV. Lake Hotel----------------------- 3.00 p.m.------------------- Grand Canyon. - #: º $º. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * #; P. frt- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W. GT8DCI C8IlyOIl-...- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30 p.m.------------------- Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs............ 4.30 p.m. ------------------ }Dunraven Pass, Tower Falls. Lv. Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . 8.30 a.m.------------------ Norris Basin, the Paint Pots, Great #. º º ; ;• * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * 12.30 p.m.------------------. ountain Geyser. 4 aithful.--------------------- 2.00 p.m.------------------- e Ar. Lake Hotel.....------------------- 5.15 p.m.------------------- Thumb Station. LV º Hotel----------------------- #; #. :::::::::::::::::...}Shoshone Canyon. IN CODY AND OUT GARDINER. *:::::: #otel........---------------- 8.00 a.m. ------------------ r. Lake Hotel.... -------------------- H.30 p.m. ------------------ LV. Lake Hotel. ...................... 3.00 #. In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |-- Canyon. Ar. Grand Canyon.................... 4.30 p.m. ------------------ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 15 Automobile stage schedules—Continued. IN YELLOWSTONE AND OUT GARDINER, Dunraven Pass, Tower Falls. }Norris Basin. & Time. Short stop-overs in route at— EN CODY AND OUT GARDINER—COrl. Lv. Grand Canyon (via Norris).......} 8.30 a.m................... }*g. Basin, Paint Pots, Great #: % º* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *:::: p. Til- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fountain Geyser. W. allºnſul- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - •UU P. III - - - - - - - - - - - - -, - - - - - - #:#;....................... ####............. [... º Station. - V. Lake Hotel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | 10.00 B. IIl- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ar. Grand Canyon. 12.00 noon Opposite side of Grand Canyon. LV. Grand Canyon.-------...-----...-- 1.30 p.m.------------------- Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs.----------- 4.30 p.m.------------------. Dunraven Pass, Tower Falls. Ar. Gardiner.------------------------- 7.15 p.m.------------------- - IN CODY AND OUT YELLOWSTONE. V. Cody----------------------------- 8.00 a.m.------------------- ##.;::::::::::::::::::::: Iš:#::::::::::::::::::: }Shoshone Canyon. V. Lake Hotel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - •UU8. In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - & 8 tº #: º %. m º ºs e º sº sº e º me s = * * * * * * * * #% Th90m-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - } Opposite side Grand Canyon. W. Grand Canyon - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • 1.30 p. In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs............ 4.30 p.m.------------------. }Dunraven Pass, Tower Falls. Lv. Mammoth Hot Springs........... 8.30 a.m.------------------- }*g: Basin, Paint Pots, Great Ar. Old Faithful ---------------------- 2.30 p.m.------------------ Fountain Geyser. LV. Old Faithful...................... 3.30 p.m.------------------ Ar. - T.V. The Paint Pots, the Great Foun- Ar. tain Geyser. K. }Thumb Station. º: - - }opposite side Grand Canyon. LV T.V. Yellowstone Station Ar. Old Faithful. --------------....... LV. Old Faithful. Ar. Lake Hotel... Lv. Lake Hotel. . yon - Ar. Mammoth Hot Springs Ar. Gardiner IN YELLowSTONE AND out copy. LV. Yellowstone Station d Faithful. Ser. }Thumb station. - - }opposite side Grand Canyon. Dunraven Pass, Tower Falls. Thumb Station. raven Pass, Tower F Ar. Old F - LV. Old Faithful.. 2.00 Ar. Iake Hotel. - Lv. Lake Hotel * * * * * ºn º Ar. Grand Canyon - Lv. Grand w - Ar. Mammoth Hot S 4.30 p.m. v. Mammoth Hot Springs......-----| 8.30 a.m. --------...-----. Ar. Grand Canyon (via Norris)... -- - - - 12.00noon.-----------------. Lv. Grand Canyon...............----. 10.00 a.m.------------------- Ar. Lake Hotel 11.00 a.m.------------------- LV. Lake Hotel----------------------- 12.30 p.m. -----------------. Ar. Cody 6.00 p.m.------------------- |-- Canyon. sº Paint Pots, Great Fountain Gey- Paint Pots, Great Fountain Gey- Ser. & Opposite side Grand ºn, Dun- f 16 - YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. LOCAL FARES. Gardiner to- Cody to— Mammoth-------------------- $1.00 Pahaska--------------------- $6.50 Norris.---------------------- 5. 00 Pahaska and return..... ----- 12. 50 Yellowstone--------- - - - - - - - - - 10.50 Lake------------------------ 12, 50 Upper Basin. --------------- II. OO Lake and return. ------------ 22. 50 - Canyon (via Norris)-- - - - - - - - - 7. 50 Canyon. -------------------- 16. 00 Mammoth to- | Pahaska to— Gardiner----------- - - - - - - - - - 1.00 Cody------------------------- 6.50 Norris----------------------- 4. 00 Cody and return....---------- 12. 50 Yellowstone.--------- - - - - - - - - , 9.50 ake----- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6, 00 Upper Basin------------------ 10.00 Lake and return. ------------ 10. 00 Canyon (via Norris). -- - - - - - - - 6. 50 Canyon----------------------- 9, 50 Yellowstone to Upper Basin . . . . . . 6.00 Mammoth-------------------- 17, 50 TJpper Basin to— Canyon to— - Yellowstone......... --- - - - - - - 6.00 Lake------------------------ 3. 50 Thumb---------------------- 4. 00 Pahaska--------------------- 9. 50 Lake.----------------------- 7.00 Cody------------------------- I6. 00. Canyon (via Lake). -- - - - - - - - - 10. 50 Yellowstone (via Norris). . . . . 8. 00 Lake to- . . . - Tower Falls. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4. 00 Pahaska--------------------- 6. 00 Mammoth------------------ - - 8.00 Pahaska and return - - - - - - - - - 10.00 Gardiner-------------------- 9.00 OCly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 12. 50 || Tower Falls to— º Cody and return-------------- 22. 50 Mammoth-------------------- 4. 00 Canyon. -------------------- 3. 50 Gardiner-------------------- 5.00 Mammoth-------------------- 11. 50 * ATTTOMOBILE LIVERY AND GARAGE SERVICE. Six-passenger touring cars, by special arrangement, when available for such service, per hour----------------------------------------------. - - - - - - - - - $6.00 Storage, per day----------------------------- - - - - - - ----------------------. . 50 Garage charges uniform throughout the park. - - - SADDLE HORSES. - Per day------------------------------------------------------------------- $3.50 First hour----------------------------------------------------------------- 1.00 Each subsequent hour------------------------------------------------------ . 50 Guide with horse, per day------------------------------------------------- 5.00 BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE. The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates power boats and rowboats on Yellow- stone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. Under the regulations of the department no power boats are permitted to be operated on this lake except those that have †† the inspection of the United States Steamboat- Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. Rates of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. POWER BOATS. Excursions to Southeast Arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $20)--------------------------------------------------------------- $2.00 33-foot cabin cruiser, with crew, per day......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.00 For two or more days, per day--------------------..... . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - -‘. . 25.00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: - Per day--------. . . . . -------------------------------------------------- 15. 00 For first hour---------------------------------------------------------- 5. 00 For each additional hour----------------------------------------------- 2. 50 Over six hours, day rates charged. YELI.OWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. – 17 Row BoATs. Per day------------------------------------------------------------------- $2.00 Per hour---------------------------------------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 Oarsmen: . Per hour-------------------------------------------------------------- 50 Per day--------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 00 ROWBOATS EQUIPPRD WITH MOTORS. Per day------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. 50 First hour----------------------------------------------------------------- 3.00 Each additional hour------------------------------------------------------- 1. 25 Boat rental and services of oarsmen and motor boat and attendants' time commences from the moment of leaving the dock until return. FISHING TACKLE. Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Same free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. - Flies and fishing accessories Sold at regular prices, according to quality. . BATHHOUSE. Henry J. Brothers, of Salt Lake City, Utah, under contract with the department, operates a pool bathhouse at Upper Geyser Basin. Rates, 50 cents in large pool, $1 in private pool. PHOTOGRAPHS of THE PARK. J. E. Haynes (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season) maintains a studio at Mammoth Hot Springs and the Picture Shop at º €I' Geyser Basin for photographing of special parties and the sale o º own photographs in all sizes and styles, including hand painted en- largements, lantern slides, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guide books; and has laboratories in the park i: the developing, printing, and enlarging of photographs for travelers. PERSONALLY conDUCTED cAMPING PARTIES. The persons named below are licensed to conduct camping parties through the park. They do not furnish daily service, but make trips on certain dates or special trips as arranged. Additional informa- tion may be obtained E. addressing the licensees. Authorized rates of Howard Eaton. * - [Address, Eatons' Ranch, Wolf, Wyo.] YELLOWSTONE PARK TRIP. Definitely planned. August 6 to August 26 (21 days). Party leaves Ranchester, Wyo., in special car August 5. Trip starts from Gardiner, Mont., on Northern Pacific Railroad. . Trip ends at Cody, Wyo., on Burlington Railroad. 3 Fee $200, payable one-half at start of trip and balance at end. (NotE.-Members of Glacier Park party, taking Yellowstone Park, trip, leave Belton, Mont., August 3, arriving at Gardiner, August 5.) 95.782°–17—3 18 , YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, JACKSON HOLE TRIP. Plans conditional upon not less than 15 entries. Definite word to be given July 31. September 1 to September 30 (30 days). Party leaves Ranchester, Wyo., August 31. Trip starts from Gardiner, Mont., *:::iºn Pacific Railroad. Trip ends at Gardiner, Mont., on Northern Pacific Railroad. Fee $300, payable as follows: Deposit of $100 prior to July 31; one-half of remainder at start of trip, and balance at end. Authorized rates of E. C. Brown and Simon Snyder. {Address, Valley, Wyo.] Regular 10 to 45 day trips, P. for each member of party, including trans- portation, Saddle horse, and board and lodging in camp, per day per person. $8.00 Authorized rates of Joe Clause. - - [Address, Yellowstone, Wyo.] Regular 5-day trip, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp-----------------------------------------. 5. 00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of party. 3. 50 Extra charge for saddle horses, per day.......................... ------.... 1. 00 Authorized rates of W. H. Jordan. $ [Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, per day-----...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $5.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of party------------------------------------------------------------------ 5.00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day-------------... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 50 Authorized rates of S. E. and E. J. Larson. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day trip, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp----------------------------------------- $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of party------------------------------------------------------------------ 5.00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day...---------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 00 1-day trip to Mammoth Hot Springs and Golden Gate and vicinity, per person per day----------------------------------------------------------------- 5.00 Awthorized rates of H. Mullendore. * [Address, Cody, Wyo.] Regular 14-day trip, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp, per day--------------------------------. $5.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of Party - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5.00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day----------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Authorized rates of Oscar O. Roseborough and H. P. Grant. [Address, Gardiner, Mont.] Regular 6-day º: price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp----------------------------------------. $30.00 Additional per day for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member of 00 arty------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. 7-day trip, via Tower Falls from Canyon, each member. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.00 3-day trip to Grand Canyon and return, from Gardiner............. . . . . . . . . . 20.00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 19 Authorized rates of B. D. Sheffield. [Address, Moran, Wyo.] Does not camp inside of the park, but takes tourists to hotels while en route to ; lodge at Moran, Wyo., by special arrangement, paying usual hotel rates or them. Regular trips, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging at hotels (ordinary accommodations), one in party, per day--------------------------------------------------------------- $15.00 For each member of party, if two in party, per day ----------------------- - 12.50 Same, with three or more in party, per day-------------------------------- 10.00 Extra charge for Saddle horses, per day-----------------------------------. 5.00 Authorized rates of Bert Stewart and John McPherson. Address, Gardiner, Mont.) Tegular 6-day trips, price for each member of party, including transportation and board and lodging in camp----------------------------------------- $30.00 Aºl. per day, for stop-overs at points of interest, for each member 0 of party--------------------------------------------------------------- 5.00 To Cook City via Tower Falls Station and Soda Butte: Rates for team and driver to Cook City, per day----------------. . . . . . . . 7. 50 Rates for team and driver to Yellowstone, per day..... -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 50 Short 1-day trips from Gardner to Mammoth Hot Springs, Golden Gate, and vicinity: *. trips, one day, price for transportation, rig carrying two or three 00 e------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8. * * 2.0 PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST. GARDINER (NORTHERN ENTRANCE) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS." Gardiner (altitude 5,300 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. The road in general use is east of the arch, near the ranger station. All camping parties are required to register at each of the ranger stations passed in their trip around the park. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured here. There is a fair camping site near the town. As camping is not allowed between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, the next camping place is I mile south of Mammoth Hot Springs. The distance from Gardiner #. Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles; the road lies along Gardiner 1WeI". Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. 1 The road from Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the belt line road at a point 10 miles south of Norris and at Firehole Cascades, 14% miles south of Norris. (See p. 28.) The route from the western entrance to the belt road is given on page 39. The road from the southern entrance joins the belt line road at Thumb. (See p. 34.) The route from the southern entrance is given on page 41. - - The road from º eastern entrange joins the belt Hine road at a point about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 35.) he route from Cody is given on page 40. 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and soouthwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by crossing Snow Pass, which is reached by trail, 1} i. south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is obtained a magnificent view to the south and east. It is named from rocks on its eastern face, which suggest the head and foot stones of a grave. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sandstone on the east and compact volcanic breccia on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for Ospreys from time immemorial. Through Boiling River, 4 miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as in- ferred by the name, but varies in temperature due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° E. in 1896. - From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1 mile to Mam- moth Hot Springs (6,264 feet), the administrative and social head- quarters of the park. Here are located the supervisor's office, United States commissioner's office, pº office, and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. A small herd of tame buffalo is kept 1 mile south of Mammoth Hot Springs on a branch road. There is a good camping place near, the buffalo corral, and a special camping ground is provided near the Mammoth Hot Springs for campers traveling in private automobiles; no camping is permitted along Glen Creek nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 6 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. The main attractions of this locality are the large and beautiful hot springs and terraces. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. s In seeing the springs and terraces the direction here given is usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The path starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone, now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar in all respects to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Small articles left for five or six days in the water frequently show a deposit one- sixteenth of an inch in thickness. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other Fº that the most of the coloring is due to a low form of vegetable life that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. -* From Liberty Cap the path runs southwest for 400 feet and then turns to the south, ascending the first bend to Minerva and Mound Terraces. At Mound Terrace there is a side path to Pulpit Terrace, which passes around Mound Terrace to the left. Two hun- dred feet beyond Minerva Terrace the path climbs the next bench at a very steep angle and continues southeast to the main Jupiter Spring, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PATREZ. - 21 which is at present the largest spring on this formation. Being large and safely approached on the south side, this spring gives the tourist his best point to view the general features of these springs. The water appears to be boiling, but in reality is not quite hot enough. At many of the springs upon the broad terraces the water presents the appearance of boiling springs, when as a matter of fact the tempera- ture is far below the boiling point. The violent agitation is simply due to the free escape of carbonic-acid gas at the surface. The phenomenon may be observed at a number of localities throughout the park. The boiling point on the terraces is 200°F. The blue color of the water here and elsewhere in the park is not a mineral color nor a reflection from the sky, but is the natural color of clear water in large bodies. The water escaping from Jupiter Springs rushes down the hillside to the east, forming the incomparably beautiful Jupiter Ter- race. From Jupiter Spring the path leads in a general southwest direction past Canary Spring, now dry, across an amphitheater of old formation, dotted with small pine trees. At the southern end of this amphitheater the path passes around a shoulder and to the left lies Angel Terrace. Glen Spring, which is on the right, is now nearly or quite dry. The tourist passes up the next bench around Angel Terrace, keeping this terrace on his left until a shoulder of formation on the right is *. The path then turns sharply to the right up to a narrow gulch ascending the next bench. At the top of this bench at the left is the Devil's Kitchen, which may be descended by means of the ladders as far as the tourist finds comfortable. The tourist should note that this is, the only opening it is safe to descend, as at all the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small animals fall victims annually to the gas in these openings, although the principal ones have been covered by wire netting. A side path leads from Devil's Kitchen to Lookout Point and the Buttress, two prominent points on the old inactive Highland Terrace, from which the view is extensive. The main path then descends a short distance to the west of Bath Lake, where the bathing is very fine in the clear luke- warm water discharged into this lake from a hot spring on its southern shore. The path then runs over a slight rise to the north- west and down to Orange Spring, a very large prominent formation - sometimes called Orange Geyser, although not possessing any of the characteristics of a geyser. Here the path merges with an old car- riage road. Should the tourist be sufficiently interested, he may follow this road in a southerly direction to Soda Spring, Stygian Cave, and the White Elephant. Otherwise the road leads north- easterly to Narrow) Gauge Terrace, which has become active within recent years at its western end. South of Narrow Gauge Terrace the path turns sharply to the right and runs along the Esplanade until it turns north and descends to a level formation, which is crossed to the Diana Spring. The waters flowing from this spring form the wonderful Cleopatra Terrace. About 500 feet from Cleopatra Ter- race is a side path to Palette Spring, which has recently become active again. Beyond the side path the main path descends to the level of the starting point, with Hymen, Terrace, in some respects the most beautiful of all, on the left. It will repay the tourist to make a side trip completely around this terrace. 22 ‘YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel H * * as “ * P * #. Yellowstone A” Park P.O. * 4. º Capitol Hill gºa t; * * * : * §, - & \ y & FREENPUBLIC .* § Liberty Cap AUTONCAMP * \ \º X tº ::. A 2------> | s' y ºa \,, | - º, jº | &A's RA ſº / § ^ | £4. & A `... \ *N- º &AA- } sº z Palett, sprino £242 & Á 2^ \ e f \ 2^ * --~~ -- ! . X, MuNERVAJº */ TERRACE N | i. t Naiad Spring A T N. Jupiter * ‘º. | N ** * \ N. N. cLéopatna TERRAce N S-lis * tº gº £º SJºžg § 3, ~ i / * º SIKETCH MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 23 McCartney's Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is now covered by wire netting, on the grass lawn midway between the hotel and Fort Yellowstone. Cupid's Cave, west of Jupiter Spring, has been closed up by deposit from a hot spring and can not now be visited. * SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. Around Bunsen Peak.--Twelve miles by a one-way wagon road, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. à. not necessary. * Buffalo herds (tame).--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. About 300 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. No accommodations nearer than Tower Falls Camp (12 miles), but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. - Tower Falls (182 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Accommodations at Tower Falls Camp, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Petrifted Stumps.-Seventeen miles by wagon road and three- fourths mile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. - Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by wagon road, thence 4 miles by trail. Guide needed. Nº. portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellow- stone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone, Camping Co.'s Tower Falls Camp on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), provides accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Wagon road to Tower Falls, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this trip. g MOUNTAIN CLIMBING. Electric Peak (11,155 feet)."—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not necessary. . . - Mount Everts (7,900 feet)."—Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 15 miles. No guide needed. 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Fishing trips.--One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs may be made with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- trians, as follows: South on main road to Obsidian Creek, Indian Creek, Upper Gardiner and branches, and Glen Creek, for small eastern brook trout. Distance, 4 to 10 miles. East to Lava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek, 8 miles, for small native or rainbow trout. East or north-. east to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for white- fish and native trout. IMAMMOTH IIOT SIPRINGS TO NOIRIRIS. Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris (20 miles), are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,000 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock, accompanied by powerful lateral thrusts. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,245 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering this pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls (70 feet high), the road leads into Swan Lake Basin. The abrupt passing from the frown- ing walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. - - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak, at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain, then Bannock Peak, Antler Peak, The Dome, Trilobite Point, and Mount Holmes on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Basin, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Basin. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 6-mile post, camping is permitted at any point over 100 feet from the road. However, as the timber commences near this point, the openings where grass can be obtained are noted on the succeeding pages as camp sites. Between 6-mile post and Apollinaris Spring, *10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, are many good camp sites. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7,300 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,300 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their ungainly houses. At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,300 feet) is º: platform on the left of the road #. those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping F. the next camp site being 4 miles farther on the right side of the road. -" Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitud 7,350 feet) is a cliff of hard, black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. • 25 in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. An old beaver house can be seen near the South end of the lake. • --- - A camp site (14 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is passed, 1} miles south of Beaver Lake; next camp site is just south of Bijah Spring, 3 miles farther on. - - Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, alti- tude 7,550 feet) is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of *. timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines 30 feet Square on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater; the formation gradually spread to its present size, and it is not cer- tain that the limit has yet been reached. . Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,513 feet) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is § the road. There is a good camping place just south of this spring; -the next camp site is on the canyon road a half mile beyond Norris (3% miles from this point). The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned it its name. INO RRIS GEY SER, IBASIN. ' Norris Geyser Basin (20 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 25 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,470 feet).--The ranger station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is good fishing for rainbow trout. The road leading to the right in a southerly direc- tion is the regular loop road to the Geyser Basins, while that leading to the left in an easterly direction is the loop road returning from the canyon. The geyser basin itself is a half mile south of the junction. The path for viewing this formation starts immediately in front of the old lunch station and-follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler. Owing to the unsafe con- dition of the crust through this part of the trip it is not wise to step off the walk. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, and the new opening of the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of the Black Growler first made its appear- ‘ance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin, with the possible exception of the Constant and Minute Man, are constantly changing in size, locality, character of eruption, and nature of contents of tube. The old opening of the Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. Tourists now proceed southwest along the road to the Bathtub, on the left. Some seasons this is an active geyser, playing bt intervals of a few minutes, in other years it boils violently, but does 95782°–17—4 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a branch path leads oped since 1905 to the New Crater Geyser. south past Emerald Pool and some small paint pots that have devel- This geyser is a compara- Scale e * 1—f I sº i– wo lºo Fest 5% Pealgar Spring *A. 4. \ & Horseshoe Spring SN \\ 2^ ~5 & ^_^ Y2 & U-27- º & Verma Spring tº 3. - THE RESEE VOIF § - - *:::::$ ofock Spring * * * . Yº op & ga º sº #. PORCE 23: § *º ſº AE Springee 0. * Crystal Spring bony g ºnto o4**o a Grinótone Ykir **, 2% § “º. ha;+ cº § furricaneo 2. - sº - ** gºgº ke L^–* Alcove Spring e Lºcomotive * - : Growler & ,” YPerpetual * Spowder 2°oschlammkeses, ve 2* o:Steamwalue vp. - / SEmerald; Aftmute Nº-2 $2. yºſonarch o 23 º escarless «9% & Palpitator sug • Corporal A New Crater e § sº 5.2 Viaen, 6 Veteran & JRecess (\Pearl 2 2 & 9.Echinnes & • dCoral-Spring ' $ g w & Hydrophane. - sº brings *: - ſº 2% & Grøy . Medusa Spring q Ö akes \ - fºn Li &rº-imams sKETCH MAP of NoFRIs GEYSER BASIN. tively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 27 of iron derived from ferruginous minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. The floor of the Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter similar in all respects to the sinter bottoms of the other geyser basins. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths, which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. After returning to the Bathtub the path leads south- west down the hill to the platform near the Minute Man Geyser. Three hundred feet southeast of the Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Norris's biggest geyser, the Monarch. Unfortunately this geyser has the varying habit, and it is almost impossible to foretell what its period between eruptions will be. . During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing ii.; mud instead of clear water as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice. The path continues south to Fearless, Palpitator, Corporal, Vixen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with such uncertain periods of eruptions that they are unsatis- factory to visit. Congress Pool is on the left of the road south of the lunch station, and has at times been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different characteristics from what it had the precedin month or what it may have the following month. The Echinus an Valentine Geysers are well worth seeing, but have seldom played during the last season or two. The Hurricane is now a mud vent on the right of the road south of the Congress Pool. NORRIS TO LOWER GEY SER, BASIN. From Norris the road leads southwest to the old Fountain Hotel (20 miles). It passes through Elk Park, 2 miles from the junction at Norris, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock forma- tion. Throuph Gibbon. Meadow, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,315 feet, are good camping places; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on, but there is no forage at the Gibbon Falls camp, the first camp beyond Gibbon Meadows where there is forage being on Firehole River, 13 miles from the Gibbon Meadows. At the south end of Gibbon Meadow a branch road leads to the left to Gibbon (or Artist) Paint Pots, located on the mountain side, 50 feet above the meadow level and a half mile from the main road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 4% miles from Norris), is a trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monument Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the º geyser formations. It is not, however, of enough interest to the casual visitor to pay for the visit, the thermal activity being practically extinct. The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more prominent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,296 feet) is a fine boiling spring close to the road. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris, altitude 7,100 feet) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. sº Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (8% miles from Norris), is the very pretty waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road, descends. "One-half mile farther is a good camping site on the left, but it has very little, if any, forage for horses. $ - Ten miles from Norris a branch road to the west leads to the western entrance at Yellowstone, Mont., on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. At this point the road leaves Gibbon River, climbs the mountain to the left, and passes for nearly 5 miles over a rolling sandy country covered by pine forests. The road then descends to Firehole River at the Cascades of the Firehole (144 miles from Nor- ris). Another road from the western entrance joins the belt road at Firehole Cascades. There is good fishing in Firehole River for eastern brook, Loch Leven, Won Behr, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. . . - The road now leads up Firehole River, and just north of the 17- mile post from Norris is a good camp site. Camp sites are now almost continuous for 2 miles. At the 18-mile post a ranger station is assed; in front of this station a short road to Excelsior Geyser and É. Geyser Basin branches out to the right. . This short road, however, misses most of the Lower Geyser Basin. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. LOWER GEYSER BASIN To UPPER GEYSER BASIN (old FAITH FUL INN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAMP). Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (20 miles from Norris, 40 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and 45 miles from Gardiner, 21% miles from the western entrance, altitude 7,240 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of more thorough examination than can be given to the more prominent ones along the road. After passing the hotel and crossing a flat a few hundred feet wide, the road ascends a low hill to the Mammoth Paint Pots, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur everywhere throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at the West Thumb. - From the unloading platform at the Mammoth Paint Pots a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. The Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, Jelly, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. They are given little attention because of the greater attractions that lie before the tourist. - South of the Mammoth Paint Pots a branch road leads to the left to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless it is important to hurry on. The main road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a pair of con- stantly playing geysers, known as the Black Warrior or Steady. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 29 But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called . flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep- seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, nu- merous bubbles of mingled air and Superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a flame of fire. . This con- tinues till the bubble bursts, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, playing every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly considered as one of the º of the park. Even during the qui- escent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. Between Firehole Lake and the Great Fountain, Bath Lake, with its bathhouse, isſº ; Young Hopeful, Narcissus, Bead, and Pink Cone are all small and interesting geysers. To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. * From the Great Fountain two roads lead back to join the main road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of the White Dome. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too feeble to detain the tourist long. The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from the Great Foun- tain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Pool, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring, an exquisite dainty. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prominent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River. Midway Geyser Basin (3 miles from Fountain) is, properly speak- ing, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designation. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. The greatest attraction here is at Excelsior Geyser, which was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Prismatic Lake and Turquoise Spring make them.worthy companions. Biscuit Basin (6 miles from Fountain) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. 30 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. The road forks opposite, Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Geyser. - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its ...; end gives the name of “Biscuit” to Rº: ge ©º gº § 3. º- # p. § z-e-H *AG # #F# ; - - 4. § { #F# Sº 3P $. ~! § & 3|Eg •. # ; : : •º te .# tº - sº I *g *ś g ##: *. - sº ## § s $: s: §§ * § # § ^ 3 # © *º § § # f i. # ...; ; # § \a * @ i. ſºs § § i wº tº- *º- ` § • = }= º o” #(# # Yº: # (; ã Yê ſº V- § º $ $ as º --- - 3 #3 º ### # S & ºr jº $º º r& & & | sº sº: §§ § - §§ §§§ ſº §§ : sº §§ § § ſº & sºgº, ##$go N i f *33 this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are Small geysers whose striking formation gives them their character- istic names. Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is the Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water when in action. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 31 TJIPPER, GEYSER BASIN. A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin, at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory, Spring, whose beautiful shape and eolor make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the j are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. The Mortar is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last six seasons. At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from five to six hours. An overflow from the lower opening presages an eruption within an hour. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Camping not being allowed in the basin, the next camp site is south of Old faithful Geyser, nearly 2 miles by road from this point. A special camp ground for private parties traveling in automobiles is provided here. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the erup- tion. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. • - From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any curiosi- ties except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path.) The road to the right (the Blacksand Road) is slightly longer and passes many curiosities. The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond, it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. . During the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of the Comet, while over near the edge of the formation is the Splendid. The Comet and Splendid very seldom play. These three geysers, as well as all . in this neighborhood, are connected. en one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. A quarter mile beyond the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is the Punchbowl. Then the Black Sand Spring, Specimen Lake, and the Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the Spouter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. . On crossing the bridge, immediately before one are the attractive • Sunset Lake, Handkerchief Pool, and the Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful of the Upper Basin springs. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes the Three Sisters group of springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads past the shattered cone of the Gânt Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. pools, normally quiet but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. . A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to 38% º Afrºs e-A - §: N ...” (ºsº *} Li º º fede § &2) & § 2; - 22e $# 2s . . . Hº su.º.º.º. gºsº ilver Globe S. s." ": Bishºf * - Jewel . º : Sapphire Pool & º H \ }. 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Group ; Téaketº: #3 sº *-k - Orange Poo!& Taigº & -*. “, ºwa Coº & 2 ‘s.J. Sauși, $- :3 - Rºx Q \ \º f %. *Crêteº \ of ! sº: \ Casº - wa? : * W: d cº º, § Beach * * sºrº.º ~} sº * sº †† ‘e Road Ş ‘Jºhnee Sisters... ath ——————- W Myriad Group SCALE OF FEET - Q g I f I- I i I I 500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 White geyjr. . \ & Old Faithful \ SCALE of METERS & Inn \ 200 100 0 200 400 - 600 - The Ruth º Puč, Upper Geyser BasińCarnº &MP SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN. look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 33 and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again, but lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without it being seen in action. - A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, which plays 200 feet high sin a eries of eruptions, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Immediately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less connected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. The Triplets, Bulger, and Chimney are for the most part quiet ools, but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very power- ul little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a sharp whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodic is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill Geyser. Here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by some peculiarity of its crater. It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting some- times continues for several days, and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. - . From this point the path leads to the ranger station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on another footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill. of geyser formation, with a group of four eysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. . The ioness, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the large cub, the smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. To the west on the next elevation is the Devil's Ear, and a little farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boiling springs. . Then the path turns to the south to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. t Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach the Giantess too close; it has not much considera- tion for the safety of its visitors, and has been known to break forth into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, smiling 95782°–17—5 - ...” 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. crater. When this geyser does start, the vast masses of erupted water are wonderful to behold. - i Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the south to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman Spring. - At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and going south to the very head of the basin, the tourist arrives at § º Geyser, the tourists' friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and, in addition, it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of welcoming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist. The head of the Upper Basin is 9 miles from the Fountain, 29 miles from Norris, 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 54 miles from Gardiner, 30% miles from Yellowstone, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store and a picture shop are located here near the hotel. The road leaves the basin south of the Old Faithful for the West. Thumb, 19 miles away. . There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. The forage, however, is lacking at these sites. The next camp site is 3% miles farther, on the branch road to the º Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the Hºſha.III TO&Cº. . SIDE TRIPS FROM old FAITH FULINN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAM -- Shoshone Lake and Geyser. Basin.-Four and one-half miles by road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via trail. Union Geyser' 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Guide needed. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake, and eastern brook trout. UPPER GEYSER BASIN To THUMB of YELLowsToME LAKE. As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, #. along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades. At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (34 miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to the Lone Star 6;eyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes, height 40 to 60 feet, altitude 7,600 feet. On this branch road are good cam sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De #. Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 83 miles from Upper Basin, at an altitude of 8,240 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the #. into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both ections. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 35 Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Corkscrew Hill to a little valley at De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site to the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. - - Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. ere is fine fishing in Sho- shone Lake, which can be reached by following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. . The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,345 feet (15% miles from Upper Basin). # From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within I mile of the Thumb, when 'a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. • As the road leads out to the lake shore the ranger station is on the left where the road forks. The road to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Boundary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the main road. * THE THUMB., At the Thumb the tourist should see . The Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones at the Fountain, but are more brilliantly colored. #. Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake, a quarter mile north of the boat º; The Lakeshore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of 30 feet is on the lake shore, 200 feet' north of the boat landing. THUMB To LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. The road from West Thumb (19 miles from Upper Basin, 28 miles from Fountain, 48 miles from Norris, 68 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 73 miles from Gardiner, 49% miles from Yellowstone, altitude ºp Yellowstone Lake; 7,741 feet), follows the shore of Lake Yellow- stone for about 5 miles. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, and on Bridge Creek, 11 miles from Thumb. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan to the south are had. Near the top of the hill is obtained a fine view of Thumb Bay on the right; a little later the Knotted Woods on the left are passed. The road then traverses a rolling table-land covered with dense pines. At a point 10 miles from Thumb the road crosses Bridge Creek; a half mile farther on is a camp site. The Natural Bridge is about 11% miles from Thumb; it is 200 yards from the road on the left and in plain sight. ' There is a camp site at this point, and from here to the Yellowstone Canyon good camp sites are numerous. A special site for automobilists desiring to make camp is reserved near the Lake Outlet. $ At the Lake Hotel (16 miles from Thumb, 35 miles from Upper Basin, 44 miles from Fountain, 64 miles from Norris, 84 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 89 miles from Gardiner, 65% miles from Yellowstone) are the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 14 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. LAKE BIOTEL AND CAMIP TO GRAND CANYON. Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Camp the road to East Bound- ary and Cody branches off to the right. Seven and one-half miles from Lake Hotel there are º for tourists wishing to see Mud Volcano and Grotto Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road. \There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley and then enters a narrow valley by side of the Yellowstone River. - Fifteen miles from Lake Hotel, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across the Chittenden Bridge to the east for 2% miles to Artist Point. From this branch road there can be obtained magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon. There is a º along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many views seen to advantage. The main road leads to the left. In about a half mile the plat- form at , Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached, steps leading down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther is the ranger station, and then shortly after the roads fork again. This is Canyon Junction, 16 miles from Lake, 32 miles from Thumb, 51 miles from Upper. Basin, 60 miles from Fountain, 80 miles from Norris, 100 miles from Mammoth Hot. Springs, 105 miles from Gardiner; alti- tude, 7,850 feet. Camp sites are opposite the ranger station and across Chittenden Bridge. A special camp site for private automo- bile parties is located *:::: the ranger station. The road to the right leads to Lower Falls, to the northern side of the Grand Canyon, the Canyon Hotel, and Mount Washburn. There is good fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. - SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. - Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-four miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,691 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Wagon road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. GRAND CANYON. If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often over- looked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high, but is dangerous. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel The main road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are the stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the branch road to the hotel and to Mount Washburn turns out to the left. On the road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a #. point from which to view the Lower YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 37 - Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This oint, Artists Point, #. Point, and the edge of the Lower alls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the º & H § fa W # = W o : | 1-3 Fa | 3 3. | # 5 N º §§ ÉÉ 3 \ |\ § 3 --> # = }; \ § #3 ### \ NA 2 §§g:## * * ºn 3 g º g \ > ##### * * ~ § §§ 3 ; ; o *s. § # tº iſ dº É 2, > § < ºn O C Lil & wº °ºs \ º F-º- *N º *N § z sº e *N # § O *S. * | | : º, 3 § . © ‘s $ go g 5 § É $5 tº ºd § 5 cº # 5 *----- •4ſ 91. tº § § Š -s | §gguº;IIſà Sº §g 'oï T- * § s Šć%)\$$. *5573 §§ § *> º % : & LL] . i f canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone § fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground 38 º YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. have risen º the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes and hence retains its dark-gray walls. - - A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Bowlder, not by any means the only lacier bowlder in the park, but the most striking example of this #. This bowlder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist. tº- GRAND CANYON TO NORRIS. On the road from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile and then the road winds through timber-covered rolling country to Virginia Meadows, altitude 7,765 feet, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, where there is a camp site and the fishing is good. This is the only camping ground between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its north bank past the Virginia Cas- cades to Norris Geyser Basin, 11 miles from Canyon Junction. GRAND CANYON TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS WIA MOUNT WASHBURN AND TowRR FALLs. 'In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until after July 1. It leads |º. the hotel and the hotel barns. Camp- ing places are scattered along this road, the best being Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an altitude of 8,800 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by Dunraven Pass Road and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven. Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the direct road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the º ades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top o #. Washburn. (wagons can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). . It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,000 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numberless opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A bridle path bears to the right just before reaching the steel bridge acrossTower Creek and leads to the bottom of the canyon below Tower Falls, 132 feet high. About one-fourth mile after passing Tower Creek bridge a bridle trail leads down to the link of Tower Falls. The two columnar walls D1N ER. ~ ºv Crevice ........., | | | * 00' (No RTH ENTRANCE) ^- W - gº. | | 0 °30 - -- — "R.RSta-P0.-Express- Q - - - V : - y - Hotels–Store-Garaše § - * <- Hellroaring Mtn 9 -- - --- - - 8300 J’ o: \ hgallatin MAM M OTH HOTEL § - º # M O N TAN A & soundſ sº º + - - - ||Yellowstone Park P.O.- º - Sºzºs S > — — ºffs— — — — —TTE – 7- O - FREE Express-Store-Garage § ſ SUPERVISORS OFFICEP-A 24- h 7. L!C AUTO CAMP Eº SQ Sl M-9 SIG nº sileirº I wºmmººse”, fº ºccº …E. Gray prºgøeewºº †ſº ^g ~~~ sº * __ ºn PK Š j - —º O tº _Golden Gate Å. }Bunsen PKGoo “º º ~ Q. - ~~~~ ~e, - º 'ar Pełrified frees ºf > Zs' MAMMOTH º o \ \s- “”s, HOT, SPRINGS] savºway/azºº & 73%ar Fafſsº- Nº Buffalo - CAMP a/P/acaº §§ſº aerooroº 5\º TOWER. Al-l-SNFarm 0 A^ ~f~, § S R Folson; cAMP - GB O Thº" & Q $ ſ Gasoline-Oils - 56 da Butte Nº. _--~~~ $ (N - - - oº: x Fossil Q, - -W *I ſee Rivers Pk Q\- po/nar's Sonny A. Forest cº X2: º - - - - 20. # +hySt Mtn - - - * > ºhite Pºs sqbsidian cliff *** *ºthy A Wºº Springs Dr. 98.00 S/S ſ Qö c 47/ º <. Lu § Sl ~, ** o , G12 NWA N F to occº fl (to 94, -, zł- § § - Dunraven Pass-A ºx j: & o - 3 Q º ring M+n §§ sº º ‘y | * EANYONHOTEL & § sº º *> → ^ EB tº- fº sº `_- º ~ Cr º ELLOWSTONE No RR is ºngrris =º , º, %; Hº: G EYs ºf 2& 3-24, /2// A-jºº GºTArtist pH. - RRºtarºgress _-SAS 1 • SNs 5242 ºr - Saddle M+ Hotels-Store-Garage __-T Qºſ. ...tº - º-wº *an - - 9 |van Lake * Upper Basinº - p by Ivan pp ºš #sº Roſº Płass OLD, FAITH FUL INNſ|_-ºxº Grizzly Pk - : Store-Garage / Cascad’ t | / ENTRANCE / FREE / MON PUBLIC AUTO CAMP ſº Afn D S HELTER 2/7 Zorze Sær #!/...] angford | S. Geyser- Brimstone / |UPPER ºr easin / Basin CAMP i T t hosho - \|_ _ Geyser" | 3& Mt Shurz, Basin \ { 10 900 - 9 < Colter Pk Heart Lake ) g * cºs to 50.03% º Mtn. - - * 10 800 _2^ x Geyser Basiry tº Tºs zº P ITC H STON E E LATEAU Şs / +. - ----- - J *. § (& ſº - ~ c - . “ſ - r 40zerlook M+n Ág - CV/. sºſ SCALE 94.00 <ſ vo raiſ/ 2 : 0 2 4- 5 8 10 MILES ~! /Mouſ'' – - --- Q. ~ PO -t-t-in nº-º-º-º-º-º-o-o-º--------- MAP of YELLOVVSTONE NATIONAL PARK GB Denotes Ranger Station ~ Direction of Travel (2/s/ances gºver are befºreen ma/n/oo/ars by road. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. , 39 in the sides of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. } . The next camp site is near the ranger station, 2 miles farther on. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or mina- rets, that gives this section its name; then passes close to a wonder- ful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Qverhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. . . { Shortly after the bottom of the long decent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Tower Falls Camp, and one to the right to the main main buffalo corral, 12 miles, and to Soda Butte, 17 miles. There is a very pretty walk back of Lower Falls Camp up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Next is the ranger station. The next camp site is 1 mile farther, where a road bears off to the left to the Petrified Trees, three-fourths mile from the main road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Trees Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. * - At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fish- ing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just beyond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away where there is more good fishing. - A mile and a filt beyond this creek the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet), remarkable for the development of basalt in the walls of its canyon (East Gar- diner or Lava Creek Canyon). It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. -- • At Gardiner River, 18 miles from Tower Falls, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mam- moth #. Springs. w - * YELLowsTONE, MONT. (WESTERN ENTRANCE), To Loop Road. Yellowstone, Mont., is the terminus of Oregon Short Line Rail- way, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park º can be secured. This is the post office for’ tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. , The road lies up Madison River to the junction of Gibbon and Fire- hole Rivers (13 miles), where one road leads to the right up Firehole River toward Fountain and the other road leads to the left up Gibbon River toward Norris. At Yellowstone the road lies through a level country, and, as the river is ascended, low hills appear on either sqie. They increase in height as the river is ascended until they culminate in Mount Burley on #. right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from Yellowstone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. On the right fork the loop road is reached at Firehole Cascades, 16 miles from Yellowstone and 5% miles from Fountain. Going up the left fork the loop road is reached near the Riverside Camp, 17 miles from Yellowstone, 10 miles from Norris. * 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE TO LOOP RoAD. Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 63 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. op- erates automobile stages from Cody daily, beginning July 1. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. Camping parties from Cody would do well to c with them feed and forage enough for the first 40 miles, as most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. * . . - Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. Wm. F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermopolis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. ry * Leaving Cody for the trip to Yellowstone Park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, across the Shoshone River, and thence to the station of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad on the plain opposite the town. . From here the road turns southwestward through the plains and runs for several miles through an arid, treeless waste. The sulphur mill on the east side of the river stands out prominently a short distance from Cody. The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. Thé walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Reclamation Service of the Department of the Interior blasted from the solid rock a splendid road 8 miles long. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Government found it necessary' to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order" to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is •the second highest in the world, 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Build- . ing in New York. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 180 feet long and 10 feet thick, The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised.by the use of the stored water in 1916 was $601,000, and only about one-sixth of the irrigable area was cropped last year. The irrigation system is being rapidly extended and several thou- sand acres will be thrown open j during the autumn. Leaving the dam, the road follows the shore of the beautiful Shoshone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scientists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which ex- isted thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the wator . adually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 41 At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region º The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. . t - Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features º on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red sandstone and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors : to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Chimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephant's Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is *...* the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are Douglas fir and Engleman spruce. Just after crossing the Middle Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right; as the road F. up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge built and owned for . many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park . boundary at the Eastern Gateway is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park is located a ranger station and 1 mile farther is a good º; site. On both Shoshone River and Mid- dle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,650 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty little sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Syl- van Lake is 9 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,350 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. There is another camp site 4 miles beyond Cub Creek. Turbid Lake, altitude 7,900 feet, 20 miles from the eastern bound- ary, has a camp site at its southern end. This lake is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water for camp purposes in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. e next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther and 5 miles from Lake Hotel. The junction oint of this road and the Loop Road is nearly 2 miles north of the i. Hotel and 26 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. MoRAN, Wyo., VIA souTHERN ENTRANCE TO LOOP ROAD. Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. From Moran to the south- ern boundary the road lies to the east of Jackson Lake and Snake River. There are numerous camp sites along this section of the road. 42 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . At the southern entrance, altitude 6,850 feet, is the ranger station, A good . site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish. native, Loch Leven, and lake troutin Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is 8 miles farther on. %. Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1 mile north of southern bound- ary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to Lewis Falls (upper, 80 feet high; lower, 50 feet high), altitude 7,650 feet, 9 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the burned section the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the ...] turns. i. next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles far- ther On. * * Lewis Lake, altitude 7,720 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheridan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 miles north and 7 miles north. . From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 8,000 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern bogndary of the park. ToweR FALLS TO BUFFALO FARM, SODA BUTTE, AND coöRE, IMONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the wagon road to the mining town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the Mount Washburn road north- east across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park.’ Junction Butte is on the right. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 23 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round, glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Farm (30 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), where about 300 head of buffalo (bison) are maintained by the Government. Five miles beyond the roadleaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley, he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old, hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old #. lies alongside the road on the right, 36 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, with the ranger station on the left. Good campsites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the Butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the Butte. The northeast boundary is crossed (53 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest, 3 miles before reaching Cooke. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. IPROMINENT GEYSERS AND SIPRINGS. The most important geysers and springs are listed below. IBased upon observations, season 1916.] NORRIS BASIN. Height of - * Interval between Name. eruption. Duration of eruption. } eruptions. ... IRemarks. -. * : * - Feet. IBlack Growler - - - - - - Steam vent only. ſºnnskant. 15–35 || 5 to 15 seconds. -----| 20 to 55 seconds------- C Pool - Large boiling spring. rhininst .* 30 3 minutes....-----..! 45 to 50 minutes----...- - Emerald Pool t- - -, → Beautiful hot spring. Hurricane-------------- -4–4 - Continuous. Minute Man------------ 8–15 15 to 30 seconds-----| 1 to 3 minutes.--------| Sometimes quiet for * *. |. long periods. Monarch--------------- 100–125 || 6 minutes. *:: Irregular New Crater............ 6–25 || 1 to 4 minutes....... 2 to 5 minutes... ------ Valentine.-------------l 60 15 to 60 minutes-----. Irregular-...-- as ºs e º ºs ºs - - ** A LOWER BASIN. IBlack Warrior. Continuous.. MSmall but interesting White Dome........... 10 | 1 minute------------ 40 to 60 minutes----... j geysers. Clepsydra-------------- 10–40 Few seconds........ 3 minutes------------- Fountain Geyser wº---4------- *-i t Seldom in eruption. Firehole Lake Peculiar phenomena. Great Fountain........ 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes..... 8 to 12 hours--4-------| 8pouts 4 or 5times. Mammoth Paint Pots--|----------|----------------- Basin of boiling clay Excelsior--------------- 200–300 About 3 hour.. Ceased playing in 1888 Prismatic Lake.. S-------- Size about 250 by 400 feet; remarkable col- Orling. Turquoise Spring.. * * * * * 3 -- - - -, º About 100 feetin diam- * eter. ~) TJPPER BASIN. * 4. isia--->---------- 50 f 10 to 15 minutes.....ſ 24 to 30 hours......... Varies. Atomizer--------------- - 2 : - - - - ! Bee Hive-...---------- 200 || 6 to 8 minutes.......] 3 to 5 times at 12-hour intervals following ~f GianteSS. fºastrade -- Quiet again. Castle.-----------------H 50-75 30 minutes......---- | 24 to 26 hours...--...---| Quiet 4 to 7 days, then - #: 3 or 4 times at - - tervals stated. Cub, large-------------- - -----------| With Lioness...------|\Short chimneys to Cub, small------------- 10–30 / 17 minutes 23 hours Lion and Lioness. Daisy------------------| 70 is minutes....------- 85 to 90 minutes.......! Economic.-------------l 20 Seldom in eruption. Fan-------------------- rregular-------------- Giant..................! | 6 to 14 days-------....! GianteSS--------------- Irregular, 5 to 40 days. Grand----------------- - Irregular, 1 to 2 days...] Frequent during 1915. Grotto----------------- arles to 5 hours.. - Jewel------------------ 5–20 | About 1 minute..... 5 minutes.... * * *. Aion About 2 to 4 minutes } Irregular.............. Vºy 2 to 17 times a By. Lioness........ • * * * * * * * 80-100 | About 10minutes...l.....do................ Played once in 1910 ; * once in 1912, and once early in 1914. Mortar---------------- & 30 || 4 to 6 minutes.......!..... O- - - - - - - - - - - - ---- Oblong----------------- minutes.... ...} 8 to 15 hours.......... Old Faithful........... 120-170 l 4 minutes----------. H 65 to 80 minutes.------ Uº. interval 75 min- }* UlúðS. Riverside.............. 80–100 || 15 minutes → ..! 6 hours.------ Very regular. awmill---------------- 20–35 | 1 to 3 hours. ........] Irregular.........!-----| Usually 5 to 8 times a - ay. Spasmodio..... •'s e s - - - - - 4 20 to 60 minutes.....!-----do............. --- Usually 1 to 4 times a y. #. ** * * * * * * * * - - - - 200 || 10 minutes L Not played since 1892. ban---------------- 20-40 || 10 minutes to 3 hours|| Irregular........ -----| st 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Notable springs: ... " Notable springs—-Continued. Black Sand Spring (about 55 by .#. Glory 60 feet). sºr Punch Bowl. Chinaman. Sponge. Emerald Pool. Sunset Lake. NOTES ON FISH. ******* Blackspotted or cut-throat trout (Salmo Clarkii):-Native to man ark waters Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and º owstone Lake from Pacific slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. * - Whitefish. (Coregonus clupeiformis).-Native to Yellowstone River below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. Planted in Yellowstone River above the fails. Grayling (Thymallus Ontariensis Montanus).-Native to Madison and Gallatin Rivers and branches. , rº - Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontanalis).--Planted. Loch Leven trout (Salmo Trutti levensis).-Planted. Von Behr (Germa brown) trout (Salmo Fario).-Planted. Rainbow trout (Salmo Irideus).--Planted. * * Lake trout (Cristivomer Namaycush).-Planted. Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been heard from since they were planted. WILD ANIMALs. Wild elk, deer, and antelope are numerous in the park; and moose, bison, mountain sheep, black, brown, and grizzly bears, wolves, coy- otes, mountain lions, and the smaller fur-bearing animals are found. Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near all hotels and camps, but most of the other wild animals live high up in the mountains or in remote parts of the park during the summer, and tourists who see any of them may consider themselves fortunate, unless they are willing to take the time to visit their summer habitats. In winter, elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. The following data on the mammals of the park have been collected and prepared for publication by Mr. Vernon Bailey, of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture: … .3 order UNGULATA: Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Antelopes, and Deer. e # “) ~ Family Bovidž: Cattle, Sheep, and Goats. Bison or Buffalo-Bison bison bison (Linnaeus).-At the present time there are two buffalo herds in the park, known as the tame herd and the wild herd. The tame herd has increased from 20 animals, introduced in 1902, to 289 in April, 1917. During the winter this herd is kept under fence at the buffalo ranch on Lamar River below : the mouth of Soda Butte Creek, where the animals are fed on hay. In summer they are driven up the Lamar River where they spend most of the season in the valley of Calfee Creek. The wild herd is a ** YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, - 45 remnant of the native buffalo of the park which summer in the mountains between Yellowstone Lake and the upper Lamar River, and winter in the valley of Pelican Creek. During the summer of 1912, 37 animals were counted in this herd; in 1914, 38; and in the spring of 1917, 67 were reported. Mountain Sheep.–Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw.—Mountain sheep ...Y most of the higher ranges in the Yellowstone Park during SUllººlſ leſ’ 8...I). deep Snows of winter. In 1907, 200 were estimated within the area of the park by the park scouts and about 70 were fed hay along the road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. During the winter of 1910–11 about 60 were counted along this part of the road and 150 were reported on the Buffalo Plateau, near Tower Falls, and on Mount Everts. During the spring of 1916, 46 sheep were counted along the Gardiner River Canyon and on the slopes of Mount Everts; 44 on Specimen Ridge and along the Yellowstone River below the Grand Canyon; 17 on Mount Norris; and a few on Junction Butte and the Buffalo Plateau; but the actual number of individuals was not determined with any degree of accuracy. It is probable that there are not more than 200 sheep in the park at the present time. In winter they are among the tamest of the wild animals and often allow teams to pass within a few feet, and even pedestrians with cameras to approach within a short distance as they feed on the hay that has been scattered for them along the roads. i. - [Mountain Goat.—Oreamnos montanus missoula. Allen.—Mountain goats have been reported from the Teton Mountains and Yellowstone Park, but there is no authen- tic record of their occurrence nearer to the park than the Bitterroot Mountains in western Montana and the Lost River Mountains in Idaho.] * Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE: Prong-horned Antelope. Prong-horned Antelope, Antilocapra americana americana (Ord).- Antelope are still common in the northern part in the open valleys of the Yellowstone, Gardiner, and Lamar Rivers in summer; but with the first heavy snows they drift down into the Gardiner Valley where they spend the winter between Mount Everts and the fence along the northern line of the park. About 2,000 antelope were estimated in the park herd during the winter of 1910 and 500 during the spring of 1916. In April most of the antelope scatter out over the higher valleys for their summer range, where the young are born and raised, but a few always remain in the Gardiner Valley, where they form one of the interesting features of animal life along the stage road or in the alfalfa patch in front of the town. tº Family CERVIDF: Moose, Elk, and Deer. Yellowstone Moose-Alces americanus shirasi Nelson.—During the summer of 1910 Hon. George Shiras, 3d, estimated the number of moose in the upper Yellowstone Valley at 1,500, basing his esti- mate on about 300 individuals which he counted and the general abundance of the animal over that part of the park. There are a few along the Lamar River and its tributaries and across the southern art of the park, and they are occasionally seen along its western i. They keep mainly within the forest and thic ets, so that come down into the lower valleys and canyons before the , 46 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. their numbers are not easily ascertained, but evidently they are increasing in abundance. They may be seen along almost any of the trails in the southern part of the park, and a day's trip with a boat from the hotel points on Yellowstone Lake may be made into the very heart of the best moose country. American Elk, or Wapiti.-Cervus canadensis canadensis Erx- leben.—At certain times elk occupy the Yellowstone Park in great numbers, but with these gregarious and migratory animals any state- ment of the actual numbers within the park limits must be modified according to season and conditions. In winter the numbers may run below 10,000 and in summer as high as 30,000. During the spring elk drift back toward the higher mountains where they spend most of the midsummer near or above timberline. The herds gather into these elevated areas from all directions, but as soon as the snows of autumn begin to fall they start on their annual journey to the lower country, and in a winter of deep snow a great part of the animals leave the park. Large numbers usually winter in the Yellowstone and Gardiner River valleys, and a few small herds and especially the old bulls remain scattered through many of the middle valleys of the . park where they are able to paw through deep snow for sufficient grass to carry them through the winter. During the tourist season but few elk are seen along the roads, as they are mostly in the high mountains at that time, but some may usually be seen on Mount Washburn or in Sylvan Pass. Side trips may easily be made from the north end of Yellowstone Lake to the summer elk range, and considerable numbers of the animals seen in a single day’s trip. . They may be seen also on the mountains west of Mammoth Hot Springs, and on Specimen Ridge. In autumn they are often driven down to the vicinity of the roads by early snows before the park . season closes, and during the winter they sometimes congregate in large numbers along the roads from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs where hay is distributed for them in times of need. Mule Deer.-Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque).-The mule deer (erroneously called blacktail) are common, and in summer are generally distributed over the park. In winter they drift to the lower levels and several hundred sometimes congregate in the valley along the Gardiner and Yellowstone Rivers. They become very tame around Fort Yellowstone and along the road where they are fed hay with the other animals during the time of deep snows." The very large ears and small white tails with black tips and the white rump patches distinguish the mule deer from the small eared and bushy tailed white-taiſ deer. ... White-tail Deer.—Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafines– que).-The white-tail deer are comparatively scarce in the park and much morelimited in range than the mule deer. There are a consider- able number, however, along the Gardiner River and about Yanceys, and in summer a few extend back into the park as far as the north, end of Yellowstone Lake. There are also a few in the Snake River valley at the southern entrance of the park. One hundred individuals have been estimated in the park during the winter when many come down to the feeding grounds for a share of the hay that is being dis- tributed for deer, elk, and sheep. During the summer they hide in the thickets and forest and are not often seen, but in winter they are conspicuous and tame along the roads where they are feeding. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 47 Order RODENTIA: Gnawing Animals. 3. Family scruitman: Squirrels, Chipmunks, Woodchucks, and Prairie-Dogs. Pine Squirrel.-Sciurus hudsonicus ventorum Allen–These little reddish brown tree squirrels are abundant throughout all the forest area of the Yellowstone Park and are conspicuous and unafraid in the trees about the hotels and camps and along the roadsides. Their scurry and chatter and scoldings are among the cheerful animal features of the forest. x3 + Flying Squirrel.-Glaucomys sabrinus bangs. (Rhoads).-These large flying squirrels are common in all of the forest area surrounding the park and undoubtedly over, the park also, although there are but few reports of their occurrence within the park. They are strictly nocturnal in habits, and, as they glide from tree to tree on their furry. membranes with owl-like silence, are rarely observed even where COIGI]]|OI). Yellow-bellied Chipmunk.-Eutamias luteiwentris (Allen).--This is the abundant littlestriped chipmunkseen throughout most of the park along the roads and trails and around the camp sites where they gather scattered grain and crumbs. In places they do some mischief if food and grain are not protected, but nothing of importance com- pared with the interest and pleasure which they afford the sight- seeing public. The absence of cats and dogs from the park allows such little animals to become quite fearless and they can often be studied at close quarters without being nervous or unnatural in their habits. Large-tailed Chipmunk.-Eutamias umbrinus (Allen).-A few of these larger, bushy-tailed chipmunks have been seen along the Cooke. City stage road between Gardiner River bridge and Undine Falls, where they live in the edge of the forest and often sit on the rocky. walls which support the road grade. They probably occupy other low areas in the northern part of the park, but this seems to be the only place where they have been observed. No specimens were obtained but the animals were evidently the same as those collected in Montana a little farther west. § % Little Sagebrush Chipmunk.-Eutamias minimus pictus (Allen).- These little gray chipmunks have been observed in Swan Lake valley running on the ground among the scattered sagebrush, but no speci- mens have been collected for positive determination. º - they are the same as the chipmunk from the Idaho plains, but it is tº. that they might be pallidus of the Yellowstone Valley of O ntana, as the two forms are scarcely distinguishable at a distance. Mantled Ground Squirrel.--Callospermophilus lateralis cinerascens (Merriam).-While these little animals are generally called chip- munks, ſº are in fact a small ground squirrel with the broad stripes arranged along the sides instead of over the back. They have a heavier build and shorter ears than the chipmunks and in habits are more restricted to the ground or logs and rocks. They are generally distributed over the park region and may be seen along the roadsides, in woods or on rocks, or around camps and hotels, where they become very familiar. < * * 48 - YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARK. * Kennicott Ground Squirrel.-Citellus armatus (Kennicott).-These little, dark gray ground squirrels, or picket-pins, are often erroneously called gophers, but they belong to the squirrel family and live in burrows in the ground in open country. They are abundant all over the valleys of the northern part of the park, along the Yellowstone, Gardiner, Lamar, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte Creek valleys, and in Hayden Valley and Norris Geyser Basin. . Their numbers are legion and their shrill little trill, may be heard on all sides as one passes through parks and meadows. s Woodchuck; Golden-mantled Marmot.— Marmota flaviyentris moso- phora Howell.—The woodchucks, rockchucks, or groundhogs, as they are variously called, are among the abundant and interesting small mammals of the park mainly in open or rocky situations. They are rarely found in dense forest, but make their homes among rocks or around old logs and stumps and are usually seen sitting up on guard watching for their numerous enemies. At Mammoth Hot Springs and Yanceys they are especially common and tame, allowing visitors to come within a short distance, and often to secure good iº. Black-tailed Prairie-dog.—Cynomys ludovicianus ludovicianus (Ord).--There are no prairie-dogs actually within the Yellowstone Park, but an extensive colony of these interesting little relatives of the ground squirrels is located along both sides of the railroad near the station of Emigrant, between Gardiner and Livingston, and every visitor to the park going in or out at the north entrange has a good. opportunity to see them if the train passes through the dog-town on a sunshiny day. * -Family MURIDAE: Mice and Rats. Bushy-tailed Woodrat.-Neotoma cinerea cinerea (Ord).--Woodrats, pack rats, or trade rats, as they are variously called, are common in the rocks and broken cliffs along the Gardiner and lower Yellowstone and Lamar River valleys in the open country, but they seem not to be generally distributed over the park. As they are strictly nocturnal animals they are rarely seen, but their presence may be detected in the little caves and openings in the rocks by sticks and rubbish piles which they have built up about their dens, and by their musky odor, and the various signs which they leave to indicate their presence. Occasionally they get into camps and cabins and do some damage to food and supplies and furnish material for fabulous stories of their commercial habits. - - House Mouse.-Mus musculus Linnaeus.-This introduced mouse has become well established in the homes and stables at Gardiner and possibly at some of the hotels and camps in the park, but fortunately it is not yet so common as to be a serious pest. Grasshopper Mouse.—Onychomys leucogaster missouriensis (And. and Bach.)—This interesting little insect-eating rodent has been reported from the park, but no specimens have been obtained, and there is no evidence of its presence other than that it occupies similar country a little farther down the Yellowstone River. It will probably be found in the sagebrush in the Gardiner River valley, however, where con- ditions are suitable for it.' - * White-footed Mouse.-Peromyscusſmaniculatus artemisiae(Rhoads).- These mice have been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and near the mouth of the Lamar River and are undoubtedly abundant over most YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 49 of the park region. They are nocturnal in habits and are rarely seen unless disturbed from their nests among the rocks or in hollow trees or buildings. They are bright, pretty little animals, with interesting habits, although at times i. do some mischief in the camps and cabins. Mountain Lemming. Mouse.-Phenacomys orophilus "Merriam.—A specimen of this rare little ground mouse was taken at Tower Falls in 1894, and as the species occupies the surrounding mountain country it probably covers the park in scattered colonies, but is nowhere abundant. - Red-backed Mouse.--Evotomys gapper gale; Merriam.—A speci- men of this little red-backed mouse was collected at Tower Falls in 1894, and, as it is a species occupying the surrounding country, it is undoubtedly common throughout the forested area ºthe park. Little Mountain Meadow Mouse.-Microtus manus manus (Mer- riam).-A specimen of this little gray meadow mouse was picked up by Col. Roosevelt in the Lower Geyser Basin in 1903 and sent to the Biological Survey for identification. Apparently this is the only actual record for the park, although runways and burrows and winter nests are abundant in every little meadow and grassy park throughout the higher elevations of the region. • - - Rocky Mountain Meadow Mouse.— Microtus mordaz mordaz (Mer- riam).--Specimens of these long-tailed meadow mice have been taken near Tower Falls, and as they are abundant along every stream and in every meadow throughout the mountain region surrounding the park, they unquestionably occur also throughout this area. Large-footed Meadow Mouse.-Microtus richardsoni macropus (Mer- riam).--Specimens of the largest of all the western meadow mice have been taken close to the northwest and southwest corners of the park, and their big runways and characteristic signs are seen along many of the streams in the park. * sº * * Muskrat.-Fiber 2übethicus osoyoosensis Lord.—Muskrats are not . abundant, but a few have been seen in the streams and ditches near Gardiner and in many of the lakes and ponds and streams over the ark. . They seem to be generally distributed in the quiet waters. §. large muskrat houses may be seen close to the stage road in the marsh in Swan Lake valley. * Family CASTORIDAE: Beavers. Beaver.—Castor canadensis canadensis Kuhl.—Beavers are more or less abundant in most of the streams, and in many places their houses and dams are an interesting feature of the wildlife of the park. They are perhaps most in evidence along Obsidian Creek, where, for a long distance, their dams and houses are close to the stage road, and occasionally in the morning or evening hours the animals are seen swimming about or working at their dams. * Family ZAPODIDAE: Jumping Mice. Jumping Mouse—Zapus princeps princeps. Allen.—These long- tailed, long-legged jumping mice are often seen in the meadows and open country throughout the park.” Although mainly nocturnal,' they are often disturbed by day in their grassy nests on the surface 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. of the ground and go bounding away in long leaps through the grass but if stealthily approached can usually be caught in the hands. 2 Family ERETHIZONTIDAE: Porcupines. Yellow-haired Porcupine.-- Erethizon epixanthum epizamthun Brandt.—Porcupines are occasionally found in any part of the Yel- lowstone Park, *. are usually not numerous and not often seen. More often their presence is made known by the trees from which they have peeled the bark for food. *h } Family GEOMYIDAE: Pocket Gophers. Brown Pocket Gopher.—Thomomys fuscus fuscus Merriam.—Little , mounds of earth may be seen scattered over the meadows and open areas in all parts of the park, but the animals making them work almost entirely below the surface and are very º seen, unless a glimpse of one is obtained as he pushes the earth up from below, and then securely closes the doorway to his underground tunnel. By patient watching, the habits of pocket gophers º, be studied at close range and some of the interesting details of their life history obseryed. 4. &#. - Order LAGOMORPHA; Conies and Rabbits." * 4. Family OCHOTONIDA.: Conies. Cony.−0chotona princeps (Richardson).-These tiny rabbit-like animals are common in rocky places and especially in extensive masses of slide rock along the base of cliffs at many places in the park. Along the Obsidian §, and in Spring Creek Canyon they may be seen and heard close to the road in the slide rock, and late in sum- mer their little stacks of hay can usually be found among the rocks. Just south of Lewis Lake another colony is located in the slide rock close to the roadside along Astor Creek, where they may be seen and heard by passers-by. At Yanceys they live in the broken rock with the woodchucks just back of the old stage barn. Family LEPORIDAE: Rabbits and Hares. Cottontail Rabbit.—Sylvilagus "nuttalli grangeri (Allen).-Cotton- tails are abundant in the sagebrush near Gardiner, but they do not extend back over the higher parts of the park. Snowshoe Rabbit-Lepus i.; baird. Hayden.—Common in all ... the timbered area of the region but rarely seen, as in summer they are of the brown color of dead pine needles and in winter as white as , the drifted snow over which they scamper along their trails through the pine woods. Prairie Jack Rabbit.-Lepus townsendi campanius Hollister.—These big jack rabbits are common in the northern edge of the park, ex- tending up the valleys to Mammoth Hot Springs, Blacktail Basin, Yanceys, and the Lamar River valley. While not numerous, the are often seen in the summer with their gray coat and big white tail, and in winter they hop about the grounds at Fort Yellowstone in their pure white winter coats and are comparatively tame. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 51 Order CARNIWORA: Flesh Eaters. -* Family FELIDA.: Cats. f Mountain Lion.—Felis hippolestes Merriam.--These most destruc- tive of the predatory *:::: in the park have been hunted and destroyed until at the present time there are comparatively few remaining. A small number are still to be found within the park, however, where they continually destroy the game animals such as elk, deer, and mountain sheep. * g Canada. Lynx,−Lyma: . found scattered over the timbered area of the park where they feed largely on snowshoe rabbits, but where also they are suspected of destroying much game in the way of young elk, deer, and sheep. Bobcat.—Lyma winta Merriam.—A few bobcats are found at the lower levels near the northern edge of the park, especially in the rough country along the Yellowstone and Lamar #. Fortu- nately they do not range over the higher parts of the park and their destruction of game is confined to a limited area. - Family CANIDAE: Dogs, Wolves, and Foxes. g #. in great numbers, are sufficiently numerous to cause the estruction of much game. They follow the elk herds back into the mountains in summer and return with them in winter to the lower , levels, #. the Lamar and lower Yellowstone Valleys and Black- tail and Hellroaring regions. They are great wanderers and quickly seek fresh hunting grounds, if j'.or if game becomes scarce in their accustomed haunts. y * < - -: Coyote.—Canis latrans Say.—Coyotes are abundant throughout the park, especially in the open areas, but their tracks may be found. on the trails through forest areas as they pass from one opening to another of their favorite hunting º Hundreds have been killed in the park for the protection of game animals, but their num- bers are still sufficient to form a serious check on the increase of many SOeCleS. , * "ºtain Red Fox,−Vulpes fulvus macrourus Baird.—Foxes are occasionally seen in the park, but they are by no means numerous. They are apparently scattered over the whole area and occasionally one is seen or its characteristic tracks observed in the trails and roads. Most of those seen are the red, or cross foxes, but the silver and black ... Gray Wolf–Canis nubilus Say.—These big wolves, although not 2. ensis Kerr.-A few of these big cats are varieties have been reported. These, however, are only colored forms . of the same species. $ Family MUSTELIDAE: Otters, Martens, Minks, Weasels, etc. • Otter.—Lutra canadensis canadensis Schreber.—Otters are common along many of the streams and lakes throughout the park, especially along the Lewis River and along the edges and tributaries of Yellow- stone Lake. They are also found along the Lamar and lower Yellow- stone Rivers and on Hellroaring Creek. Mink-Lutreola lutreocephala (Harlan).-A few minks are found in the park along the streams, especially at the lower levels, but they are not very common. º 52 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Arizona Weasel.—Mustela arizonensis (Mearns).-Weasels are fairly common throughout the Yellowstone Valley in the northern part of the park and probably over the whole region. They are occasionally seen in the summer brown coat, hunting for ground squirrels and mice in the meadows, and in winter their tracks are often seen over the snowfields and occasionally the white-coated animals come into camps and cabins, and become very tame if not molested. . $º • Least Weasel.-Mustela cicognani leptus (Merriam).-A little weasel is reported as occasionally seen in the park, and some very small tracks are seen on the Snow, but no specimens have been taken for positive identification. - - - • *. Marten.—Martes americana caurina (Merriam).-Martens are especially common in much of the timbered area of the park, where they are occasionally seen along the trails and where their tracks in winter are more common than those of the mink or weasel. Fisher.—Martes pennanti (Erxleben).--—This is a rare animal in any part of the United States, and apparently there is but one record for the Yellowstone Park. This is based on a skin taken from poachers by Gen. Anderson and recorded by Seton (Wild Animals at Home, . 225). - p Wolverine.—Gulo luscus (Linnaeus).-Tracks of wolverines are occasionaly seen in the park, and trappers around the borders obtain more specimens than in any other part of the United States. The ark evidently serves as a breeding and recruiting ground which has i. this interesting and rare animal from local extermination. Northern Skunk.-Mephitis hudsonica Richardson.—Skunks are common in the lower jº. of the park area, especially in the valleys of the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers and are occasionally met with in the interior basins. - - Badger.—Taxidea taxus (Schreber).-Badgers are especially abun- dant in the low valleys along the Yellowstone River and its tributaries' in the northern part of the park, but they are also found scattered throughout the open areas over most of the higher parts. As usual, they are concentrated where the ground squirrels are most abundant and their favorite food easily obtained. T Family PROCYONIDAE: Raccoons. Raccoon.-Procyon lotor lotor (Linnaeus).-Raccoons have been reported in the park, but I have been unable to find any evidence of their presence even along the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, where they would be most likely to occur. They are found farther down the Yellowstone River and may at times extend up into the edge of the park. f - ~ Family URSIDAE: Bears. Black and Cinnamon Bears.--Ursus americanus Pallas.-Black and cinnamon bears are especially common in the park, where they gather . about the hotels and camps and feed on the garbage that is thrown out. Ten or a dozen of these bears, of various shades from light brown to glossy black, are often seen feeding at a garbage pile during the early evening or morning hours, and sometimes 20 or 30 gather at a YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK. . 53 time at one favorite heap. They are generally distributed through- out the forest over the park and apparently many of them do not come to the hotels, but remain as wild bears subsisting on such food as the forest affords. * t - Grizzly Bear; Silvertip.–Ursus horribilis Ord..—While much less numerous than the blacks, the grizzly bears are still more com- mon in the Yellowstone Park than in any other part of the United States. Those which come to feed on the garbage probably represent but a small proportion of the numbers scattered over the park area, . but often from two or three to seven or eight may be seen at a time. Their tracks and unmistakable signs are found throughout the forests, and in summer over the tops of the high ridges near or above timber- line; and many are killed around the borders of the park when they wander outside. tº w Order INSECTIV.O.R.A.: Insect; Eaters. Family SORICIDAE: Shrews. i. Dusky Shrew.—Sorex obscurus obscurus Merriam.—A few specimens of this shrew have been taken in the park, and it is probably the com- monest of the several species that occur there. They are so small and secretive in their habits, however, that few are ever seen unless sys- tematic Search for them is made. t Water Shrew.—Neosored navigator navigator Baird.—A specimen taken close to the northwestern corner and others on different sides indicate that this aquatic shrew inhabits the whole park region, as it does most of the #. Mountain country. It is the largest of the shrews of the region and may occasionally be seen darting about in the water with great skill in pursuit of its insect prey. Order CHIE&OPTER.A.: Bats. Family VESPERTILIONIDAE: Bats. Long-eared Bat.—Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Miller.—These large, dark colored bats with long ears are usually found hanging in clusters on the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, a warm cave just back of Mammoth Hot Springs, and they are probably one of the common bats seen flying in the evening about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. }. is doubtful if they occur at any higher levels, however, as they are a southern species, reaching their northern limit at this oint. p Yellowstone Bat.-Myotis carissima Thomas.—These little dusky bats with gray edges to the tail membranes may be found during the summer months clinging by hundreds to the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, and probably are the most abundant small bats seen fly- ing at dusk about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. The first known specimen of this bat was collected at Yellowstone Lake, and the species probably has a considerable range over the park region." Brown Bat-Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois).--No specimens of this large brown bat have been collected in the park, but many of the in- dividuals seen flying about in the evening over the higher levels are of its size and general appearance and undoubtedly belong to the species, which is common throughout the general region. 54 . $ELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Silver-haired Bat.—Lasionycteris noctivagans (LeConte).—These large, almost black, bats jº. reported from observation as they flew about through the timbered areas in the park, but no specimens have been collected for positive identification. Hoary Bat.—Nycteris cinerea (Beauvois).-A few very large bats seen flying at dusk in the forest areas of the park undoubtedly belong to this large Boreal species, although no specimens have been ob- tained, owing to the danger of disturbing larger game by shooting within the park. - BIRDS. - Many varieties of º, birds are found in the park in summer, though they can hardly be said to be numerous. Ducks, geese, and other waterfowl are quite numerous and tame, and many of them are : seen in winter as well as in summer in streams that are fed by hot springs and consequently never freeze. Species marked with an asterisk (*) have been previously recorded from Yellowstone Park. - Order PYGOPODES. Iliving Birds. Family ColyMBIDAE. Grebes. western Grebe. AEchmophorus occidentalis. Uncommon migrant. . *Horned Grebe. Colymbus awritus. Rare migrant. *American eared Grebe. Colymbus nigricollis californicus. Common summer resident. *Pied-billed Grebe. Podilymbus podiceps. Migrant; not common. . Family GAVIIDAE. Loons. Loon. Gavia immer. Rare migrant. Order LONGIPENNES. Long-Winged Swimmers. Family LARIDAE. Gulls and Terns. California Gull. Larus californicus. Common summer resident. *Ring-billed Gull. Larus delawarensis. Summer resident; common. Bonaparte Gull. Larus philadelphia. Rare migrant. *Black Tern. Hydrochelidon migra Surinamensis. Rare migrant. Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers. . Family PELECANIDAE. Pelicans. *White Pelican. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. Abundant summer resident. Order ANSER.E.S. Larnellirostral Swimmers. Family ANATIDAE. Ducks, Geese, and Swans. *American Merganser. Mergus americanw8. Common summer resident. Red-breasted Merganser. Mergus Serrator. Occasional migrant. *Mallard. Anas ſº Abundant resident. Gadwall. Chaulelasmus streperus. Common summer resident. Baldpate. Mareca americana. Rare migrant. Green-winged Teal. Nettion carolinense. Common summer resident. *Blue-winged Teal. Querquedula discors. Abundant Summer resident. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 55 Cinnamon Teal. Querquedula cyanoptera. Occasional Summer resident. Shoveller. Spatula clypeata. Common summer resident. *Pintail. Dafila acuta. Rare migrant. *Wood Duck. Aic sponsa. Rare summer resident. Redhead. Marila americana. Common migrant. , } Canvas-back. Marila valisineria. Not common migrant. Scaup Duck. Marila marila. Common migrant. Lesser Scaup IDuck. Marila affinis. Common summer resident. American Golden-eye. Clangula clangula americana. Abundant migrant. Barrow Golden-eye. Clangula islandica. Resident. *Bufflehead. Charitonetta albeola. Common migrant. Harlequin Duck. Histrionicus. Rare migrant. Scoter. Oidemia americana. Rare migrant. *White-winged Scoter. Oidemia deglandi. Rare migrant. Ruddy Duck. Erismatura jamaicensis. Common summer resident. *Snow Goose. Chen hyperborea hyperborea. Occasional migrant. *Canada Goose. Branta canadensis canadensis. . Abundant resident. Hutchins Goose. Branta canadensis hutchins. Rare migrant. *Whistling Swan. Olor columbianus. Common migrant. *Trumpeter Swan. Olor buccinator. Rare migrant. Order HERODIONES. Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. Family ARDEIDAE. Herons, Bitterns, etc. *Great Blue Heron. Ardea herodias herodias. Tolerably common summer resident. Black-crowned Night Heron. Nycticorax nycticorax: naevius. Rare migrant. order PALUDICoEAE. Cranes, Rails, etc. Family GRUIDAE. Cranes. Whooping Crane. Grus Americana. Very rare migrant. *Sandhill Crane. Grw8 mexicana. Rare migrant. Family RALLIDAE. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. Coot. Fulica americana. Abundant summer resident. Order LIMICOLAE. Shore Birds. Family PHALAROPODIDAE. Phalaropes. Northern Phalarope. Lobipes lobatus. Rare fall migrant. Wilson Phalarope. Steganopus tricolor. Common summer resident. Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE. Avocets and Stilts. *American Avocet. Recurvirostra americana. Rare migrant: Family SCOLOPACIDAE. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. *Wilson Snipe. Gallinago delicata. Occasional summer resident. *Baird Sandpiper. Pisobia bairdii. Tolerably common migrant. Least Sandpiper. Pisobia minutilla. Occasional fall migrant. *Greater Yellow-legs. Totanus melanoleucus. Rare migrant. *Yellow-legs. Totamus flavipes. Migrant; not common. *Western Solitary Sandpiper. Helodromas Solitarius cinnamomews. . Rare migrant. *Western Willet. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus. Rare migrant. *Spotted Sandpiper. Actitis macularia. Abundant summer resident. Long-billed Curlew. Numenius americanus. Rare migrant Family CHARADRIIDAE. Plovers. *Killdeer. 03:yechus vociferus vociferous. Abundant summer resident. 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * Order GALLINAE. Gallinaceous Birds. . * Family TETRAONIDAE. Grouse, etc. Franklin Grouse. Camachites franklinii. Rare resident. - *Richardson Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii. Common resident. *Gray Ruffed Grouse. Bomasa umbellus wrmbelloides. Common resident. Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus. Rare resi- ent. Sage Grouse. Centrocercus urophasianus. Rare resident. Order COLUMBAE. Pigeons. Family ColumBIDAE. Pigeons. *Western Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura marginella. Common summer resident. - Order RAPTOR.E.S. Birds of Prey. Family BUTEONIDAE. Hawks, Eagles, Kites, etc. *Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Abundant summer resident. *Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter veloc. Common summer resident. Cooper Hawk. Accipiter cooperii. Occasoinal summer resident. Western Goshawk. Astur atricapillus striatulus. Occasional visitor. *Western Red-tail. Buteo borealis calurus. Common summer resident. *Swainson Hawk. Buteo swainsoni. Common summer resident. *Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis. Rare migrant. Ferruginous Rough-leg. Archibuteo ferrugineus. Rare summer resident. *Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaëtos. Rare resident. - *Bald Eagle. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Occasional summer resident. Family FALCONIDAE. Falcons, etc. Prairie Falcon. Falco mericanus. Rare summer resident. *Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus amatum. Rare summer resident. *Pigeon Hawk. Falco columbarius columbarius. Rare migrant. *Desert Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius phalaeno. Abundant summer resident. } Family PANDIONIDAE. Ospreys. *Osprey. Pandion haliaenius carolinensis. Common summer resident. Family STRIGIDAE. Horned Owls, etc. *Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Rare resident. Short-eared Owl. Asio flammeus. Not common migrant. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. Otus asio maſcwelliae. Rare resident. *Western Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Common resident. *American Hawk Owl. Surmia wlula caparoch. Occasional. Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola. Occasional resident. Order COCCYGES. Cuckoos, etc." Family ALCEDINIDAE. Kingfishers. *Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon alcyon. Common summer resident. Order PICI. Woodpeckers, etc. Family PICIDAE. Woodpeckers. *Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus monticola, Common resi- ºlder Woodpecker. Dryobates pubescens homorus. Resident; not common. *Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Rare resident. , *Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides americanus dorsalis. Rare resident. YELLewSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 57 Red-naped Sapsucker. i Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis. Common summer resident. *Williamson Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus thyroideus. Common summer resident. *Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Uncommon summer resi- * * - dent. *Lewis Woodpecker. Asyndesmus lewisi. Common summer resident. *Red-shaſted Flicker: Colaptes cafer collaris. Abundant summer resident. Order MACROCHIREs. Goatsuckers, Swifts, Etc. Family CAPRIMUL.GIDAE. Goatsuckers. *Western Nighthawk. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis. Common Summer resident. Family MICROPODIDAE. Swifts. *White-throated Swift. Aeronautes melanoleucus. Occasional summer resident. Family TROCHILIDAE. Hummingbirds. Rufous Hummingbird. Selas horus rufus. “Rare summer resident. *Calliope Hummingbird. Stellula calliope. Occasional summer resident. order PASSEREs. Perching Birds.' Family TYRANNIDAE. Tyrant flycatchers. *Kingbird. Tyrannus tyrannus. Occasional summer resident. *Arkansas Kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis. Occasional summer resident. Say Phoebe... Sayornis sayus. Qccasional summer resident. *Olive-sided Flycatcher. Nuttallornis borealis. Common summer resident. "Wºº Wood Pewee. Myiochames richardsonii richardsonii. Occasional summer resident. - Western Flycatcher. Em ...; difficilis. Common summer resident. *Traill Flycatcher. Empidomaa traillii traillii. Tolerably common summer resident. Hammond Flycatcher. Empidomaa hammondii. Rare summer resident. - Wright Flycatcher. Empidomac wrightii. Abundant summer resident. Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks. Hoyt Horned Lark, Otocoris alpestris hoyti. Rare winter visitant. *Desert Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema. Common Summer resident. Family CoRVIDAE. Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc. *American Magpie. Pica pica hudsonia. Common resident. *Black-headed Jay. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. Common resident. *Rocky Mountain Jay. Perisorews canadensis capitalis. Common resident. *American Raven. Corvus coraz sinuatus. Abundant resident. *Western Crow. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. Not common summer resident. *Clark Nutcracker. Nucifraga columbiana. Abundant resident. Family ICTERIDAE. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc. *Cowbird. Molothrus ater ater. Rare summer resident. * Yellow-headed Blackbird. Xanthocephalus zanthocephalus. Occasional Summer resident. Thick-billed Red-wing. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis. Occasional summer resident. *Western Meadowlark. Sturnella neglecta. Abundant summer resident. *Bullock Oriole. Icterws bullockii bullockii. Summer resident; not common. *Brewer Blackbird. Euphagus cyanocephalus. Abundant summer resident. k 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Family FRINGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, etc. Western Evening Grosbeak. Hesperiphona vespertina montana. Accidental. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. I’inicola enucleator montana. Occasional migrant. *Cassin Purple Finch. , Carpodacus cassinii. Common summer resident. *Crossbill. Loacia curvirostra minor. Tolerably common resident. White-winged Crossbill. Lozia leucoptera. Rare migrant. Gºned Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis. Occasional winter resident. Hepburn Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis. Common winter resident. Black Rosy Finch. Leucosticte atrata. Bare winter visitor. Redpoll. Acanthis linaria. Occasional winter visitor. *Pale Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Bare summer resident. *Pine siskin. Spinus pinus pinus. Abundant summer resident. English sparrow. Passer domesticus. Common about Fort Yellowstone. Snowflake. Plectrophenaa: mivalis nivalis. Rare migrant. Alaskan Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus alascensis. Rare migrant. *Western Wesper Sparrow. Pooecetes gramineus confinis. Abundant summer resident. Nevada Savannah Sparrow. Passerculus sandwichensis mevadensis. Common sum- mer resident. *Western Lark Sparrow. Chondestes grammacus strigatus. Tare summer resident. *Wºwned Sparrow. Zomotrich it leucophrys leucophrys. Abundant summer resident. *Gambel Sparrow. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii., Common migrant. White-throated Sparrow. Zonotrichia albicollis. Rare migrant. Western Tree Sparrow. Spizella monticola ochracea. Common winter visitant. *Western Chipping Sparrow. Spizella passerina arizonae. Common summer resident. Brewer Sparrow. Spizella breweri. Rare summer resident. - Intermediate Junco. Junco hyemalis connectens. Common migrant. Montana Junco. Junco hyemalis montanus. Migrant. *Pink-sided Junco. Junco hyemalis mearms. Abundant summer resident. Gray-headed Junco. Junco phaeonotus carviceps. Rare summer resident. *Mountain Song Sparrow. Melospiza melodia montana. Common summer resident. Lincoln Sparrow. Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii. Common summer resident. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. Passerella iliaca schistacea. Rare summer resident. *Green-tailed Towhee. Oreospiza chlorura. Rare summer resident. *Lazuli Bunting. Passerina amoena. Occasional summer resident. Family TANGARIDAE. Tanagers. *Western Tanager. Piranga ludoviciana. Common summer resident. Family HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows. *Cliff Swallow. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons. Common summer resident. *Barn Swallow. Hirundo erythrogastra. Summer resident; not common. *Tree Swallow. Iridoprocne bicolor. Common summer resident. *Nº. Violet-green Swallow. Tachycineta thalassima lepida. Common summer resident. Bank Swallow. Riparia riparia. Common summer resident. Bough-winged Swallow. Stelgidopteryx serripennis. Rare summer resident. Family BoMBYCILLIDAE. Waxwings. Bohemian Waxwing. Bombycilla garrula. Occasional migrant. … Cedar Waxwing. Bombycilla cedrorum. Rare migrant. Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes. Northern Shrike. Lanius borealis. Occasional winter resident. Wºped Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. Oecasional summer resident. - - Family WIREONIDAE. Vireos. '. *Western Warbling Vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsonii. Common summer resident. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 59 Family MNIOTILTIDAE. Wood warblers. Nashville Warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis. Accidental. Orange-crowned Warbler. Vermivoa celata celata. Occasional summer resident. *Yellow Warbler. Dendroica aestiva aestiva. Occasional summer resident. , Myrtle Warbler, Dendroica coronata. Occasional migrant. *Audubon Warbler. Dendroica awduboni. Abundant summer resident. Townsend Warbler. Dendroica townsendi. Occasional migrant. *Macgillivray Warbler. Oporornis tolmiei. Occasional summer resident. Western Yellow throat. Geothlypis triehas occidentalis. Common summer resident. *Pileolated Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla pileoata. Common summer resident. Family MotAcLLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits. *Pipit. Anthus rubescens. Abundant migrant; possibly also a summer resident. Family CINCLIDAE. Dippers. *Dipper. Cinclus mericanus ºnicolor. Abundant resident. Family MIMIDAE. Thrashers, Mockingbirds, etc. *Sage Thrasher. Oreoscopies montanus. Common summer resident. *Catbird. Dumetella carolinensis. Rare migrant; possibly summer resident. Family TROGLODYTIDAE. Wrens. *Rock Wren. Salpinetes obsoletus obsoletus. Common resident. - *Western House Wren. Troglodytes addon parkmani. Summer resident; locally COIn In On... " *Western Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Occasional. Family CERTHIDAE. Creepers. *Rocky Mountain Creeper. Certhia familiaris montana. Occasional summer resident. Family SITTIDAE. Nuthatches. --> f * *Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis melsoni. Rare resident. *Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. Common summer resident. Pygmy Nuthatch. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea. Rare visitor. Family PARIDAE. Titmice. . *Long-tailed Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus septentrionalia. Rare resident. *Mountain Chickadee. Penthestes gambeli gambeli. Abundant resident. . Family SYLVIIDAE. Kinglets. "Wºº Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa olivaceus. Occasional summer resident. *Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Regulus calendula calendula. Occasional summer resident. * Family TURDIDAE. Thrushes, Bluebirds, etc. *Townsend Solitaire. Myadestes townsendii. Common resident. Wilkow Thrush. Hylocichla fusceseems salicicola. Rare summer resident. e Olive-backed Thrush. Hytocichla ustulata swainsoni, Occasional summer resident- * Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Occasional Summer resi- ent. - *Western Robin. Planesticus migratorius propinquus. , Abundant summer resident. Western Bluebird. Sialia mexicana accidentalis. Accidental. . *Mountain Błuebird. Sialia currucoides. Abundant summer resident. 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. RULES AND REGULATIONS. GENERAL REGULATIONs. (In effect May 1, 1917.) The following rules and regulations for the government of Yellow- stone National Park are hereby established and made public, pur- suant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, and acts of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), June 28, 1916 (39 Stat., 238), and August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535): 1. Preservation of natural curiosities.—The destruction, injury, de- facement or disturbance in any way of the public property or the trees, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal and bird, or other life, or other natural conditions and curiosities in the #: and the riding or driving upon any of the geyser or hot spring formations or turning stock loose to graze in their vicinity, is prohibited. No person will be allowed on any of the formations after sunset, without a guide. 2. Camping.—No camp will be made at less distance than 100 feet from any traveled road, Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article liable to frighten teams º hung near the road. Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season, and gamp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off c othing, and all other débris must be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or gar- bage cans may not be provided; all refuse must be burned or hidden where it will not be offensive to the eve. †- • Campers may use dead or fallen timber only, for fuel. 3. ‘Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they must not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold or other yegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists nor is provided, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., must be scraped away to the rocks or earth over an area considerably larger than required for the fire. - - When fires are no longer necessary, they must be completely extinguished, and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of reignition. - --- Especial care must be taken that no lighted match, cigar or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wildlife of every sort and no one should frighten, hunt or kill, wound or capture any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is neces- sary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing such birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under other circumstances than prescribed above, must be taken up by the supervisor and held sub- ject to the order of the Secretary of the Interior, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms will be YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 61 Wººl in the park only on written permission of the supervisor. isitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond should, at entrance, report and surrender aft firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases, may obtain his written leave to carry them through the park sealed. 5. Fishing.—Fishing is permitted with hook and line only, and never for profit or merchandise. Fishing in particular water may be Suspended; or the number of fish that may i. taken by one person in any one day, from the various streams or lakes may be regulated by the supervisor. All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water, if not seriously injured. Fish retained should be killed. Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. º 6. Private operations.—No person will be permitted to reside per- manently, engage in any business, operate a moving picture camera, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the Nº. Park Service. Application for such per- mission may be addressed to the supervisor of the park, or to the National Park Service, Washington, § C. * 7. Grazing.—Allowing the running at large, herding, or grazing of cattle or stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of such stock or cattle over same, must be avoided, except where authority therefor has been granted by the supervisor. Cattle or stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. . * 8. Saloons and bars.-No drinking saloon or bar room will be per- mitted in the park. 9. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be p: or displayed within the park, except such as may be necessary or the convenience and guidance of the public and then only by per- * mission from the supervisor. . * 10. Travel on trails.--Pedestrians on trails, when animals are passing them, must remain quiet until animals have passed. Persons traveling on the trails of the park, either on foot or saddle animals, must not make short cuts, but must confine themselves to the main trail. s * t 11. Horse-drawn vehicles.—Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse- drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. 12. Concessioners.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding concessions in the park must keep the grounds used by them properly policed and maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the supervisor. No lessee or licensee shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the supervisor subversive of good order and management of the 8.I’K. 13. Employees of concessioners.--Transportation, camp, and hotel concessioners will require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, the name and the number correspond- ing therewith being registered in the supervisor's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. Concessioners must also report the fact of discharge of employees; if for cause, such cause must be stated. * g 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 14. Mining claims.--The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. . º - 15. Dead animals.--All domestie animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thoroughfares must be immediately removed to a point not nearer than one-fourth mile from such camp or thoroughfare, and there be buried at least 2 feet º the ground by the owner or person having charge of such 8]:\]]}} 16. Miscellaneous–Travel.—(a) Freight, baggage, and heavy camp— . outfits on sidehill grades throughout the park must take the outer side of the road while being passed by passenger vehicles in either direction. (b) Wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. (c) All vehicles must be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light must be carried by horse-drawn vehicles, and it must be carried on the left front side of the vehicle in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. 17. Miscellaneous—General.—(a) Campers and others must not wash clothing or cooking utensils in or in any other way pollute the waters of the rivers and creeks of the park, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park with- out suitable bathing elothes. * (b) Stock must not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals should be kept a sufficient distance from camping grounds not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (c) Campers and all others, save those holding licenses from the Secretary of the Interier, are prohibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. No pack trains will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly regis- tered guide. (d) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the supervisor in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. - 18. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats are not permitted in the park. 19. Fines and penalties.—The supervisor is hereby authorized and directed to remove from the park all trespassers and all persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior, and to enforee these rules and regulations and the provisions of the acts of Congress in the premises, violation of which is punishable by summary ejection from the park, or by a fine of not to exceed $500 or imprisonment not to exceed six months, or by any, combination of these penalties. Persons ejected from the park will not be per- mitted to return without permission in writing from the Secretary of the Interior or the supervisor of the park. AUTOMOBILE REGUI, ATIONS. (In effect June 20, 1917.) Pursuaſit to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes United States, and the acts of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), and August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535), the following regula- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 63 tions governing the admission of automobiles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: 1. Entrances.—Automobiles may enter and leave the park, between 6 a. m. and 9.30 p.m., by any of the entrances, viz, northern or 64AC/ATA: //4770/WAZ AAA'Ar. eims: emº: tº º as ºr emº- ecºggage:ºxy---—---T- r %-. 3. ** º º, " ' - #. XXGreat Fails M O N T. * N. D. *%. *Raynesford | º issottlää (3. A * * suffºllºilº sº * * º, #A3ttº ºf §D sº * sºu, ãº. 2,3-d Scake 75 25 O 25 50. A f . . . tº *. ſ d vius auw-En ings Beaver | - APueblo Maſart/A &eº C %r, & alumta (Eifffe Zaora yofº).zº ÆSA lººp/s dºd º *º-ºr- *** awazz AAA’ ºf Alamosa rinidad g MAP S.How ING AUFerºob.m. E Roºt'Es BETween YEEEowsToME, GEACIER, ROCKY MoUN- - TAEN AND MESA WERIDE NATIONAL PARKS. # - Gardiner entrance, western or Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by concessioners under permit from the department). Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motorcycles.—Motorcycles are not permitted to enter the park. 4. Automobile permits.—Automobile permits must be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters the park, and will entitle the holder to go over any or all of the roads in the park. This permit must be conveniently kept, so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. Each permit must be exhibited to checki ranger at point of exit for verification. Automobile permits j show (a) name of station where permit is issued, (b) name of owner or driver, (c) State and license number of automobile. 5. Fee.—The fee for an automobile permit is $7.50, and is payable. in cash only. It is good for the entire season, expiring on October 1 of the year of issue. ºr * - 6. Direction.—Automobiles will pass around the road system forming the “loop” in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the automobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: - Norris Geyser Basin to Mammoth Hot Springs, between 11 a. m. and 1 p.m. and after 4.30 p.m., – - tº. Geyser Basin ôºFaithful) to western entrance, any time after 1 p. m. ôº Canyon to Yellowstone Lake, º, time after 1 p.m. Mammoth Hot Springs to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by noon. . - --- Grand Canyon to Norris Geyser Basin direct, any time day or night. The supervisor of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary: º: z w 7. Automobile stages–Special privileges, etc.—Automobile stages are operated by the Yāj Park . Transportation Co. to and through the park'from the northern or Gardiner entrance, the western, or Yellowstone entrance, and the eastern or Cody entrance, connecting with all trains at park terminals. These cars are of 10– passenger capacity and are painted yellow. They are required to travel on a regular schedule, and they have the right of way. In order that they may encounter no delay, accident, or inconvenience from dust, other motor vehicles must not pass or attempt to pass the automobile stages on the park roads. On the other hand, if other cars are signaled for the right of way by an automobile stage, they must yield and permit it to continue on its regular schedule. 8. Distance apart—Gears and brakes.—Automobiles while in motion must not be less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on, comparatively level or slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed.* Persons desiring to enter the park in an automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the automobile permit that all parts of machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile must carry at least one extra tire. - 4 * YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK., 65., 9. Speeds.-Speeds must be limited to 12 miles per hour ascending and 10 miles per hour desending steep grades, and to 8 miles per hour. when approaching sharp curves. On good roads with straight stretches, and when no team is nearer than 200 yards, the speed may be increased to 20 miles per hour. & ſ . ; 10. Horns.—The horn will be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. 11. Lights.-Automobiles must be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of ºff...; iancy to insure safety in driving at night and all lights must be kept lighted after dark when automobile, is on the roads. , Headlights must be dimmed when passing other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles." 12. Muffler cut-outs.--Muffler cut-outs must be closed while ap- proaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, or camps. - * . 13. Teams.--When teams, Saddle. horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles will take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles will be backed or, otherwise handled as may be necessary So as to enable teams to pass , with Safety. In no case must automobiles pass animals on the road. at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. * , 14. Accidents.--When, due to breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, automobiles are unable to keep going, they must be imme- diately parked off the road or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. }} & 15. Damages.—The owners of automobiles will be responsible for any damage caused by accident or otherwise. t ** 16. Garagés, repairs, supplies,iſ: automobile camps.-Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faith- ful), Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon. Repair shops and garages are maintained at these points. Automobile Supplies may also be procured at Tower Falls Camp. Prices of supplies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camps for motorists and shelters for cars are maintained at points indicated on the automobile guide map. - 17. Reduced engine power–Gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all automobiles is much. Teduced, so that a leaner mixture and about 50 per cent more gasoline is required than at lower altitudes. , Like- wise one lower gear will generally have to be used on grades than . would be necessary elsewhere. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may becomé serious unless care is used. ski, # 18. Fines and penalties, Violations of any of the foregoing regu- lations governing motor traffic in the park will be punishable by revocation of automobile permit, or by immediate ejectment from the park, or by a fine not to exceed $500, or six months' imprisonment, or by any combination of these penalties, in the discretion of the 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. supervisor, and be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Secretary of the Interior. - 19. These regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the county road in the northwest corner of the park. AUTOMOBILE CAMPS AND SHEE,TERS. Free public automobile camps and shelters are Hºl. at Mam- moth Hot, ...” Upper Geyser Basin, Lake Hotel, and Grand Canyon—a shelter for machines and a fireplace protected from the weather, which may be used by the tourists in common. Tourists may camp on designated areas close to the shelters. Detailed infor- mation regarding these º and shelters may be obtained at the various entrances to the park. • PANORAMIC VIEw. •g The view described below may be º from the Superin- fººt of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. : Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21 inches; scale, 3 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” * - . This view is based on aecurate surveys and gives an excellent idea of the configuration of the surface as it would appear to a person flying over it. The meadows and valleys are printed in lightgreen, the streams and lakes in light blue, the cliffs and ridges in brown thits, and the roads in light brown. The lettering is printed in light brown and is easily read on close inspection, but merges into the other colors when the sheet is held at some distance. MAPS, Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., at the prices indicated belów. Remittances should be by eash or money order. ' g Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 283 by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” - w The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is •º indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey' listed below. ese maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, seale 2 miles to the ineh. Price, 10 cents each. f LITERATURE. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated behow. Separate communications should be ad- dressed to the officers mentioned. *- * * May be purchased by personal application to the office of the supervisor of the park at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. • YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 67 DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. The three following publications may be obtained free by written request addressed to the Secretary of the Interior or by personal ap- plication to the office of the supervisor of the park: General Information Regarding Yellowstone National Park. This circular is issued each season and contains data regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, hists of books and magazine articles, a sketeh map, and the rules and regulations. Annual Report of the Superintendent of National Parks. . This is the annual administrative report; it contains illustrations but no descriptive matter. Glimpses of Our National Parks. 48 pages. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal Flational parks and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., at the prices given. Remittances should be by money order or in cash: Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, includ- ing 10 illustrations, 10 cents." This pamphlet eontains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. L Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 eents." In this R. is a description of the forces which lºg.º. the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. , Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, includ- ing 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 818). 1915. 28 pages, inehuding 17 ihlustrations, 5 cents. Contains descriptions of the species arid Hists of streams where found. EOCKS.2 ALLEN, E. F. A Guide to the National Parks of America, 1915. 286 pages. [BARNES, O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910}, 56 pp., illustrated. BARTH, THEoDoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. I907. II? pp. Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. - - BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. - CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriprive. 1915. 350 pp., illustrated. CRONAU, RUDoIP. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., iHustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259-275. - DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914. 198 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 83–90; Glacier on pp. 23–26; Crater Lake on pp. 30–41; Mesa Verde on pp. 78–80; Yosemite ori pp. 147–156; Sequoia on pp. 161–162. - DUNRAVEN, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874, 1876. 377 pp., iffustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kepahn, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. - 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the supervisor of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. - * These books are not available for distribution by the Department of the Interior. 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. FINck, H. T. Pacific coast seenic tour. 1890. 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293; Yosemite on pp. 81-107; Crater Lake on pp. 157–157; Mount Rainier on pp. 209–216. Fount'AIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park is described on pp. 173–195. Contains also descriptions of Yosemite, Mount Rainier, and Crater Lake. GUNNIson, ALMon. Rambles overland. 1884. 245 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 27–82; Yosemite on pp. 125–156. HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914. 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86; Mount Rainier on pp. 99–109. .* HARRIson, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp.; illustrated. • - - Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. . • . - } HAYNEs, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published annually, 200 pp., illustrated. HERBERTson, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. --- ...}. Yellowstone on pp. 171–180; Yosemite on pp. 194–196; Crater Lake on pp. 166–167. HEsse-WARTEGG, ERNEST won. Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 vols. 1880. - -. - Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242; Yosemite in vol. 2, pp. 130–144. . . - r HIRscHBERG, JULIUs. Von New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblåtter: 1888. 276 pp. * - Yellowstone on pp. 77–111; Yosemite on pp. 190–201. ... • ; Holm Es, BURTON. . Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. * , Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. * ... • 3. * Johnson Cºrpton. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp.; illustrated. * Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. - * - ICIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. & ..ºw ~ Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. - - - - - EüNTZEMULLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908. 40 pp. . . - LANGFord, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Fire- hole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. - 3 - A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. --- - LECLERCQ, JULEs. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l’Amer- ique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. . . . . - MORRIs, Mrs. JAMEs EDw1N. A. aPCific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illustrated: Yellowstone on pp. 236–255: Yosemite on pp. 191–209. -- * f MUIR, JoHN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. . Yellowstone on pp. 37–75; Yosemite on pp. 76—267; Sequoia and General Grant on pp. 268–330, MURPHY, JoHN. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. . . : Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. - . ; * # - MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58; Yosemite on pp. 59–109. Contains color reproductions of Moran's %. -º-º: paintings. $ OLAFSEN, O. Yellowstone Nationalparken. 1916. 134 pp. * . PECK, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world: 1885. 320 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 71-114; Yosemite on pp. 205–244, 284–320. - - - PIERREPONT, EDWARD. Fifth Avenue to Alaska: , 1884. 329 pp. , : Yellowstone on pp. 237-311; Yosemite on pp. 57–68. - PoRTER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. • Yellowstone on pp. 24–93; Yosemite on pp. 108–142. .* $. PRICE, Rose, LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. * Yellowstone on pp. 166–217. “. .x- QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. RICHARDSON, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. ROBERTs, EDWARD. Shoshone and other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 69 RYDBERG, PER AxBL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1. 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650-684. - SchAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160; Yosemite on pp. 192–224. SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92; Yosemite on pp. 93–147. Cöntains notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. * - sº FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. , 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. - * Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. SMITH, F. DUMonT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDw1N J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illustrated. . STEELE, DAVID M. Going Abroad Overland. 1917. Illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 102–124. • -e- # STODDARD, John L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. . . Yellowstone on pp. 297-304. - - : STRAHoRN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. • * Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. SYNgE, GEORGIANA M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR, CHARLEs MAUs, JR. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. - - Yellowstone on pp. 283–388. § TIssa NDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170–188; Yosemite on pp. 139–165. -- ToMLINson, EveRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. [1906.] 399 pp., illustrated. - * - • * U. S. GEological, SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. U. S. GEoLogical, SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geo- logic maps of the park and a description of the geology. * - WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARAH FC. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. e WINGATE, GEORGE W. . Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. , 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. - -- - - Contains notes on the fauna and flora. § IMAGAZINE ARTICLES.1 • * AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. . - AMERICAN CrVIc Association (Washington, D.C.), National Parks, 32 pp. Contains “National Parks, the need of the future,” by James Bryce; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by W. H.Taft; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by Walter L. Fisher;. “Are National Pārks worth while?” by J. H. McFarland. AMERICAN FoRESTRY, vol. 19 (May, 1913), pp. 300–317. . Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. * * AMERICAN GEoLogist, vol. 20 (September, 1897); pp. 159–167. Some geological cause of the scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook. AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by K. L. Smith AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERs, TRANSACTIONs, vol. 16 (1888), pp. $ Engineering relations of the Yellowstone Park, by T. B. Coms tock. vol. 16. (1888), pp. 783–803. Geological history of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. - . - - vol. 17 (1889), pp. 449–453. Soaping geysers, by R. W. Raymond. 1 These publications are not available for distribution by the Department of the Interior. 70 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Axerican Journal, or Science, 3d B., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872), d'É. 105– 115, 161–176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Firehold Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. 3d s., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by, F. W. Hayden. - - …” 4th s., vol. 1 (June, 1896), pp. 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. - : 4th s, vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Tertiary floras of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. 4th s., vol., 5 (May, 1898), pp. 323–333. Some conditions affecting geyser eruption, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. z .* AMERICAN MUSEUM Journal, vol. 16 (February, 1916). The hoofed animals of the Yellowstone, by M. P. Skinner. AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279–290. The geysers of Montana. vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 15 (March, 1881), pp. 203—208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellowstone Park, by W. H. Holmes. { vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040.” The present condition of the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. D. Cope. ANNALS of THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PoEITICAL AND SocIAL SCIENCE, vol, 35 (March, 1910), pp. 1–12. The parks and recreation facilities in the United States, by John Nolen. vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 15–24. Our national parks and reservations, by W. M. Curtis. “. *-* APPLETON's Journal, vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. ... • - ARound WoFLD, vol. 1 (July–August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. º ART Journal, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–335. The American wonderland, by Edward Roberts. * ATLANTIC MonTHLY, vol. 81 (January, 1898), pp. 15–28. The wild parks and reserva- tions of the West, by John Muir. - vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by John Muir. - BULLETINs DE LA SocIETÉ DE GłogRAPHIE DE PARIs, 6th series, vol. 12 (August 1876), pp. 196–199. Explorations faites sous la direction du Dr. Hayden pendant l'année 1875 dans les Territories de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. BULLETINs. DE LA SocIETÉ RoyalE BELGE DE Géograph.IE, vol. 9 (July–August, 1885), pp. 393–422. Les Geysirs de la terre des merveilles, by J. Leclercq. CENTURY, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. A place of marvels: Yellow- stone Park as it now is, by R. S. Baker. * , CHAMBERs’ Journal, 4th S., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. * *3 Country LIFE, vol. 22 (June 1, 1912), p. 88. Horseback in Yellowstone Park, by E. Sweet- x (January, 1913), pp. 33–36. Touring in our national parks, by E. A. Mills. CURRENT LITERATURE, vol. 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. DEUTSCHE RUNDsCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (February, 1879), pp. 240–245, Der Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten, by J. Chavanne. - (July, 1896), pp. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, by Seignmund Bergmann. A. ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - Fr n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by Francis 8.I1CIS. GARDEN AND FoREST, vol. 7 (Apr. 4, 1894), p. 131. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. S. Sargent. t & - Geographische Zerrschrift, vol. 1, pp. 79–89 (1895). Der National-Park am Yellowstone, by Prof. Dr. H. Credner. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 71 GLoBus, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 118–120. Die Geyser im neuen Wunderland am obern ellowstone. -- -- vol. 27 (1875), pp. 289–294, 305–309, 321–325, 337–341. Die Geyserregion am obern Yellowstone. vol. 28 (1875), pp. 65–70, 81–86, 97–101. Dr. Hayden’s und Langford's Ex- pedition nach den Felsengebirgen, - hº MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), 869–890. The three Tetons, by A. W. Of ILIlS. - P ºl. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. [Beauties of the Yellowstone National ark.] + - HARPER's WEEKLY, vol. 41 (June 5, 1897), pp. 563-567. The national parks and forest reservations, by John Muir. vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellowstone National Park, by E. Lindsey. - HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und December, 1898), pp. 49–61, 109– 121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, by P. Schwahn. HISTORICAL SocIETY of MonTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149—233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. ' The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addison M. Quincy. - vol. 4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August and September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. vol. 5 (1905), pp. 349–369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yellow- stone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370–394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. - vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562, The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong. * 4. tº- vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. - * vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, by C. L. Thompson. * - - Poem. vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. { ºription of the geological history of the park and of the geological features along the tourist route, INDoors AND OUT, vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. INTERNATIONAL GEoLogical, CoNGRESS, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - Description of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone Park, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFURTER WEBEINS FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, pp. 57–59 Jahrgang, pp. 9–17, Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, by A. Andreae. Journal, of GEogFAPHY, vol. 11 (June, 1913), pp. 314–320. Geology of Yellowstone National Park, by N. M. Fenneman. -º- Journal of GEoLogy, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode. An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. RANSAs CITY REVIEw of SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. Kosmos, 6 JAHRGANG (1909), pp. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, by J. Burroughs. * * * 7 JAHRGANG (1910), pp. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, by Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. - 4 tºº. Home Journal, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through picturesque €IICà. - t \ 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. LADIEs Home Journal, vol. 21 (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by S. M. Dale. LA NATURE (2e ser.), vol. 8 (1902), pp. 247–250. Les geysers américains, by M. Boule (reprinted in Le Mouvement Géographique, Bruxelles, 1902), vol. 19, pp. 170–171. - - - LEIsuRE EIoua, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. " Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE’s WEEKLY, vol. 85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way we live. Our national Zoo, by John Bonner. LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688–704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. Poem. -- LITERARY DIGEST, vol. 46 (June 7, 1913), p. 1303. Western mountains and national parks. e * LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL’s LIVING AGE, vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, by Francis Francis. MACMILLAN's MAGAZINE, vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421–435. The geyser of the Yel- lowstone, by Archibald Geikie. MAGAZINE of AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Moun- tains, by P. Koch. -- - MAGAZINE of WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yel- lowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions. . - - vol. 13 (February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. - MANCHESTER [ENGLAND] GEogFAPHICAL SoCIETY Journal, vol. 15 (January to March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. - MooDY, vol. 14 (November, 1912), pp. 367–375. Yellowstone Park, bankers' trip through, by F. W. Ellworth. MoToR AGE, vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 1–10. Uncle Sam.—His Parks, by C. G. Sinsabaugh. - * * - P Dà 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 10–12. How to get to the national parks, by John . DOC18. - MUTTER ERDE, vol. 3 (1900), pp. 12–14; 48–52, 70–72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, by Th. Kirchhoff. Nº. vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by H. T. *IIlCK. vol. 46 (Jan. 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. The Yellowstone Park as a forest reservation, by Arnold Hague. vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), p. 219. The Yellowstone National Park [review of H. M. Chittenden’s book], by E. Coues. , vol. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276–277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H. T. Finck. vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 248–250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. - - NATIONAL GEogRAPHIC MAGAZINE, vol. 23 (June, 1912), pp. 531-579. Our national parks, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - vol. 24 (July, 1913), pp. 808–834. Wild animals that took their own pictures by day and by night, by G. Shiras. r NATIONAL MAGAZINE, vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Van Blarcom. vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611—614. Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, by L. R. Freeman. NATURE, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 340–342, 345–347, 363–366, 372-375. Die Geyser und das Geyserland am Yellowstonefluss in Nordamerika, von O. Ule. — vol. 45 (Sept. 6, 1896), pp. 429–432. Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fiebelkorn. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. ' 73 NATURE, vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. vol. 6 (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437-439. A gigantic “pleasure ground”; The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NEUEs JAHRBUCH FUR MINERALogIE (1893), vol. 2, pp. 1–25. Ueber die künstlich Nachahmung des Geyserphānomens, by A. Andreae. - NINETEENTH CENTURY, vol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369-377. The Yellowstone gey- sers, by F. Francis. . º - OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), pp. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455– 472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. Andrews. vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. • * OUTDoor LIFE, vol. 27 (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J. A. McGuire. . . OUTDoor World AND RECREATION, vol. 49 (July, 1913), pp. 22–26. Vacation jaunts to Uncle Sam's playgrounds, by Arthur Chapman. OUTING, vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. O. Owen. : - # - vol. 30 (May, 1897), pp. 163–164. A woman's trout fishing in Yellowstone Park, by M. T. Townsend. - 3. vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone National Park, by W. W. Thayer. - -- 4. vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H. Henderson. - - vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508—511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yellow- stone Park, by R. E. Clark. . vol. 61 (January, 1913), pp. 449–455. Four-footed citizens of the Yellowstone, by J. M. Johnson. , “ OUTLook, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by - H. H. Lewis. vol. 95 (May 28, 1910), pp. 157–169. Scenery as a national asset, by Allen Chamberlain. . . - - vol. 100 (Feb. 3, 1912), p. 246. A national park service. vol. 102 (Dec. 14, 1912), pp. 811–815. National parks, the need of the future, . by James Bryce. - OvKRLAND MonTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489–496. The Wash- burn Yellowstone expedition. 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1–13. The world's wonderlands in Wyoming and New Zealand, by C. F. G. Cumming. • 2d S., vol. 29 (June, 1897), pp. 594-603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. * * * PETERMANN’s GEOGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, vol. 17 (1871), pp. 278-279. Eine Wunderwelt am Yellowstone. vol. 18 (1872), pp. 241–253, 321–326. Die neu entileckten Geyser Gebiete am oberen Yellowstone und Madison River. vol. 38 (1892), pp. 92–93. Ueber das Anseifen der Geyser im Yellowstone National Park, by Dr. Carl Diener. - PLANT WoRLD, vol. 1 (January, 1898), pp. 52–55. The standing fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. º, - - PopULAR SciFNCE MonTELY, vol.25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world’s gey- ser regions, by A. C. Peale. * vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289–295. A great winter sanitarium for the Ameri- can Continent, by Edward Frankland. vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Tillman. g vol. 54 (February, 1899), pp. 475-481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park]: A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. - - - vol. 80 (June, 1912), pp. 531–547. The national parks from the scientific and educational side, by L. F. Schmeckebier. ‘74 YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK, RECREATION, vol. 4 º 1896), pp. 221–225. Game in the Yellowstone National €6216:r. Park, by O. D. Wh # vol. 11 (August, 1899), pp. 103–104. Glories of the Yellowstone, by I. W. Walker. ¥. * vol. 12 (June, 1900), pp. 449–450. Predatory beasts in Yellowstone Park, by U. S. Bracket. s - - B rºl. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 417–423. In a wild animal republic, by Dan £8. Ole f — vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 425—429. Protect the game in Yellowstone Park, by L. R. Freeman. - + #. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 431–434. From New York to Heaven, by Myra Emmons. vol.30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. F vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53–55. “Sage brush” in Yellowstone Park, by H. DJ Oster. s: “ vol. 34 (December, 1911), il., pp. 262-263. A walking trip through Yellowstone Park, by C. P. Fordyce. - vol. 36 (July, 1912), pp. 32–33. Wyoming's entrance to Yellowstone Park, by W. N. Montfort. REVIEw of REVIEws, vol. 40 (July, 1909), pp. 44–48. The Nation’s playgrounds, by G. O. Smith. ... * s SAINT NIGHoDAs, vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by Everett Foster. - vol. 30 (September, 1903), pp. 998–999. Novel fishing feat, by W. H. Weed. yol. 13 (April, 1892), pp. 230–236. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by W. H. Wee - Sº, vol. 11 (June 1, 1888), pp. 255–256. HMap of] the Yellowstone National Park. & vol. 13 (May 17, 1889), pp. 382–384. Soaping geysers, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (Jan. 16, 1891), pp. 36–37. Mineral waters of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. H. Weed. , d º - vol. 22 º 3, 1893), pp. 244-246. Overland sounds in the vicinity of Yellow- y Edwin Lin stone Lake, WIºl ton. —— n. S., vol. 6 (ºft.* 1897), pp. 145–157, Vegetation of the hot springs of Yellowstone Park, by B. M. Davis. - * —n. s., vol. 9 (Feb. 24, 1899), pp. 425–442. Early Tertiary volcanoes of the Absaroka Range, by Arnold Hague. º n. s., vol. 19 (Apr. 15, 1904), Death Gulch, by F. W. Traphagen. n. S., vol. 33 (Apr. 14, 1911), pp. 563–568. Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. - vol. 37 (Mar. 21, 1913), pp. 446–447. Yellowstone, by W. S. Franklin. - . vol. 37 (June 20, 1913), p. 941. Yellowstone Park and bears, by J. L. Smith. vol. 38 (July 25, 1913), pp. 127–129. Yellowstone Park bears a nuisance, by W. S. Franklin. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, vol. 82 (Jan. 27, 1900), p. 60. Rapid decline of geyser activity. in Yellowstone Park, by E. H. Barbour. - sº SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT, vol. 55 (Jan. 3, 1903), pp. 22575–22576. The geysers of Yellowstone Park, by D. A. Willey. *. Scottish GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE, vol. 8 (May, 1892), pp. 233–248. The Yellow- stone region and its geysers, by H. M. Cadell. - . ScRIBNER's MAGAZINE, vol. 35 (May, 1904), pp. 513–527. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. $3. - ScribNER's MonTHLY, vol. 2 (May and June, 1871), pp. 1–17, 113–128. The wonders of the Yellowstone, by N. P. Langford. ** vol. 3 (November, 1871), pp. 1–17. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. Scribn ER’s MonTHLY, vol. 3 (February, 1872), pp. 388–396. More about the Yellowstone, by F. W. Hayden. § vol. 6 (June, 1873), pp. 129–157. The ascent of Mount Hayden, by N. P. Langford. * .4% wolo sº. * rº-2 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, SECRETARY lſ, 4 NationAL PARK service + stEPHEN T. MATHER, DIRECTOR |- J. y - A. - * ~ *-***-- a-- - - - GENERAL INFORMATION Y. REGARDING - - - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK T- * .* '-- Season of 1918 * - l - - # * e tº ºr ?, * i *- * K d tºº. ... rºe -º The Wonder Spot of America—Its Marvelous Geysers and How to See Them— How a Geyser "Works"—The Gorgeous Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, bril. liant and varied in color beyond description—Largest Wild Animal Refuge in the *#. World—The Petrified Forests—How to Reach the Park—Hotels and Camps and *~ NCost of Living—Traveling Facilities and Cost—Maps \r t \ ! WASHINGTON ČovERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE * wº 1918 *, THE NATIONAL PARKS AT AGLANCE. [Number, 17; total area, 9,775 Square miles.] National parks in order of creation. Location. Area in square miles. Hot Springs.-------- 1832 Yellowstone...... -- 1872 Casa Grande Ruin.. 1889 Sequoia------------- 90 * 1904 Rocky Mountain - - - - 1915 Hawaii Lassen Volcanic. - - - 1916. Middle Arkansas... --. Northwestern Wyo- ming. Arizona--------------- Middle eastern Calif- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. N West central Wash- ington. Southwestern Oregon. South Dakota........ - Southern Oklahoma... North Dakota......... Southwestern Colo- rado. Northwestern Mon- tana. North ‘middle Colo- rado. Hawaii Northern California. . . South central Alaska.. 1% 3,348 # $24 249 17 1% 77 1,534 398 118 124 Distinctive characteristics. Mount McKinley... 1917 2,200 46 hot springs possessing curative properties— Many hotels and boarding houses—20 bath- houses under public control. markable for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes— Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, constituting greatest wild bird and #. preserve in world—Exceptional trout S Noteworthy relics of a prehistoric age; discovered in ruinous condition in 1694. The Big Tree National Park—12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in . diameter–Towering mountain ranges—Star- tling precipices—Fine trout fishing. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra—Water-wheel falls—Good trout fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter—6 miles from Sequoia National Park. - Largest accessible single-peak glacier System—28 glaciers, some of large size—48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful sub- alpine wild flower fields. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. - H --- * f Cavern having many miles of galleries and nymer- ous chambers containing many peculia; Orina- tionS. - Many sulphur and other springs possessing medic- inal Value. t Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is an important wild animal preserye. Most notable and best preserved firehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. * Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character—250 glacier-fed Yakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- Sands of feet deep—Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude-Remarkable records of glacial period. Three separate areas--Kilauea and Mauna Loa on awaii; Haleakal; on Maui. *~~ Only active volcano in United States proper— Łassen Peak 19,465 feet—Cinder Cone 6,879 feet—Hot springs–Mud geysers. higher above surrounding country than any Highest mountain in North America—Itises Other ; in world. CONTENTS. General description.------------------------------------------------------- The geysers.---------------------------------------------------------- Other hot-water phenomena.------------------------------------------- Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone.........s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remarkable fossil forests---------------------------------------------- - Greatest wild-animal refuge - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bears--------------------------------------------------------------‘... Trout fishing - - - - - - - - - - - - --------------------------------------------- The Greater Yellowstone ------------------------------------------.... The Red Canyon of the Shoshone - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The trail system ------------------------------------------------------ Railroads---------------------------------------------------------------- Transportation and accommodations --------------------------------------- Hotels and Camps -------------------------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.---------------------------------------------. Yellowstone Park Camping Co-------------------------------------------- Photographs of the park.----------------------- ---------------------------- Transportation in the park------------------------------------------------ Boat Service on Yellowstone Lake... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ** = • * - - - - - -~s Bathhouse------------------------------------------------ 4-------------- Personally conducted camping parties----------------------------------... Principal points of interest.--------------------- - - - - - - - - -* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gardiner (northern entrance) to Mammoth Hot Springs...... - - - - - - - - - - - - - The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs................ * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs.------------------------------... Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris.-------------........... -----------.... . Norris Geyser Basin ----------------------------- A'. -- - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Norris to Lower Geyser Basin.... ... . . . . . . . . .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lower ğ. Basin to Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp)..... . . . . . . . .------------------------ * - - - - - - - - - - Upper Geyser Basin. ------------------------------------------------ Side trips from Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp. -------. Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Yellowstone Lake.................... * The Thumb---------------------------------------------------------- Thumb to Lake Hotel and Camp... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... Lake Hotel and Camp to Grand Canyon. . . . . . -------------------------- Side trips from Lake Hotel and Camp........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grand Canyon-------------------------------------------------------- Grand Canyon to Norris----------------------------------------------- Gºff Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower allS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), to Loop Road.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance, to Loop Road.----------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moran, Wyo., via Southern entrance, to Loop Road.-----. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tower Falls to Buffalo Farm, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trails in and about Yellowstone National Park.........'...T...I.I.I.I.I. Prominent geysers and springs.--------------------------------------------- - Notes on fish ------------------------------------------------------------ * Wild animals-------------------------------------------------------------- Birds-------------------------------------------------------------------- Rules and regulations----------------------------------------------------- General regulations--------------------------------------------------. Automobile and motorcycle regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Automobile camps and shelters-------------------------------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panoramic view. -----------------------------------------------------, - - - - Government publications---------------------------------------------. Bibliography-------------------------------------------------------- Books------------------------------------------------------------- Magazine articles--------------------------------------------------- Other national parks------------------------------------------------------ National monuments................. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MAPs AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Ideal section through 2,000 feet of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests. ------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National Park and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson Lake..... Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks........ Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin.............* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • a s Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin.......................... - - - - - - - - - - - -`-- Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin..............------------------------... Sketch map of Grand Canyon - - - ------------------------------------------ Automobile map of Yellowstone Park. --------. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Moun- tain, and Mesa Verde National Parks................ ------------......... 4 Page. t * GENERAL INFORMATIONREGARDING YHIOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. HE Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872 (U. S. Revised Stat., secs. 2474 and 2475). It is approximately 62 miles long and 54 miles, wide, giving an area of 3,348 square miles, or 2,142,720 acres. It is under the con- trol and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. Road and bridge construction and road sprinkling are under the direction of the Corps of Engineers of the Army. The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over because, for size, power, and Variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of promi- nence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. . There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. * - - The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. The entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding moun- tains but the great interior plain is made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. "...] specula- tion points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's summit and ex- amined from the main road north of the pass, the conformation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is suggestive even to the unscientific eye. - * In addition to these speculative appearances, positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the fused and oxydized colored sands in the sides and depths of the Grand Canyon. 5 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. ~ THE GEYSERS. There are four geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, the Upper, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west central part of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action, "Some, like Old Faithful, spout at accurate intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers are, roughly speaking, water volcanoes. They occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. ~ \ . g º It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - *- At last the waterin the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so it bursts upward with great violence, rising many feet in the air and continuing to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. . --- q One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A mimic geyser was made in the laboratory of the Department of the Interior in the winter of 1915; which when in action plays at regular intervals of a minute and a quarter. The wateris heated in a metal bulb, and finds its way to the surface vent through a spiral rubber tube. When it plays the water rises 3 or 4 feet in height, varying according to the intensity of the heat applied at the bulb. * . The water finds its way back by an iron pipe into the bulb, when presently it again becomes heated and discharges itself. oTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA. Nearly the entire Yellowstone region, covering an area of about 3,300 square miles, is remarkable for its hot-water phenomena. The more prominent i. are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water mani- festations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. At Mammoth, at Norris, and at Thumb the hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral, deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. Over the edges of these carved basins pour the hot water. , Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them hues of red . *, \ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 7 & and pink and bluish gray, which in warm weather glow brilliantly, but in cold weather almost disappear. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. - - A tour-of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful played with great regularity every 70 minutes, but during the sum- mer of 1915 the interval lengthened to about 85 minutes, due, it is supposed, to the smaller Snowfall and consequent lessened water sup- ply of the preceding winter, and has since fluctuated between that number if 65. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular inter- vals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every fºw minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. - f . . . - The hot-spring terraces are also a rather awe-inspiring spectacle when seen for the first time. The visitor may climb upon them and pick his way around among the steaming pools. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot Fº are often intensely green. The incrustations are often beauti- ully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated, as if with frosted silver. * - - * * 4. ºr * * # ** GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE., * * * t 3, . . . * wº- - But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means, the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the rand Canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country are not to be confused, . Of these, by far, the largest and most impressive is, the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “the Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - The Grand, Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. . . . . -> - - Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost yertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the south a waterfall twice the height of Niagara rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward to be lost again in green. From that point 2 or 3 miles to where you stand and beneath you widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either id: a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut #. rocky prominences. Some: . times they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. --- logica And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope. The whole is streaked and spotted and stratified in every shade from the deepest ‘. to the faintest lemon; from deč crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black. through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark, pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the flººr slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial yiews may be had, but no person can say he has seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point. r DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS. The visitor who from the canyon follows the road northward to Mammoth views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. A few miles farther north, where the road again finds the shore of the Yellowstone River, scenery is again encountered at Tower Falls," which has few equals. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the ramparts of rock far above the foaming Yel- lowstone are romantic to a high degree. { REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTs. The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet, above the valle floor. i. is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an º to Amethyst Mountain. * ~. One traversing the yalley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level, but occur at irregular heights; in fact a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest rew and was entombed, there was a time without volcanic out-. urst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and pre- served, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less º alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. Geo- †: are excessively slow. No geologist would dare pre- dict that, a few thousand years from now, the present forests of . Yellowstone Park may not lie buried under another layer of lava on toº. of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. here is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the par along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks . there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 9 * - ~) trees. Just outside the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, between. the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. . . - º --> Fº *z, § §: §§ #: § º º º § sº § º \\ º º º § º C޺ ºś §§ 3.3}}º & ſ: º: ſº &#&#####| º Fredº º § º º §§§ tº: Ç ſº º º tº: Sºº-ººººººººº-ºº: É §§§ & º ºº:: g-º- º cº Bºšº º, ſº Kºrº - §§ Kºś. Sºº §§ --- -> - º º ~ sº Sºº E=#:S- §§ . º § § º gº Sºº : §§º § E- E=--- §§ Sºlºš: - É::$tº: E. Bºx Fºº •- - §§§ §º \ §§§ ;: tº: batº sº Kºś &r Sºº-º-º-º: º ºś - Pºłº ~ C ag º º º § --- ºS IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET of BEDs of SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED For ESTs. AFTER HOLMES. 46763°–18—2 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. GREATEST WILD-ANIMAL REFUGE. The Yellowstone National Park is the largest and most successful wild-animal refuge in the world. It is also, for this reason, the best and most accessible field for nature study. - Its 3,300 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 200 miles of roads and the four hotels and many camps are as nothing in this’ immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road or trail or camp. , No herds invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the ...? animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in the automobile stages which whirl from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journey- ing on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass, and the officers’ children feed them flowers. One of the diversions at the road build- ers' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. BEARS. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks' experience to be inoffensive if not attacked. When attacked they become dangerous, indeed. It is unwise for tourists to approach any bears too closely for fear they may mistake intentions. Only those familiar with the habits, and ways of bears may with comparative safety take liberties with them. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which, by the way, are the same species only differently colored—the blondes and brunettes, so to jº. of the same bear family—are playful, comparatively fearless, sometimes even friendly. They are greedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. -. - R. wild-animal paradise contains 30,000 elk, several thousand moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, and a large and increasing herd of wild bison. ~ It is an excellent bird preserve also; more than 150 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles abound among the crags. ild geese and ducks, are found in profusion. Many thousands, of large white pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TROUT FISHING. Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All three of the eat watersheds abound in trout, which often attain large size. Yel- owstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boãts, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excellent catches to the skillful angler. ~ * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, The Madison River and its ſ e g & ºr # , §. § tributaries also abound in f # * : ; ; ; ; # , ; , ; N trout. and Michigan gray- §§--L3-22 % A g g ºf Edº cºw ling are to be . * € §§ º ſº d northwestern streams. ; $ Nº. - There is excellent fishing gºš § ſ? W also in many of the lesser $º * &#. lakes. § r 2^{j § $ $ THE GREATER YELLOW- § 5 § STONE. . §. *ś : - tº 2 tº º e º o, The criticism occasion- ; ; * - | ally made by persons who s.......: SN § have visited granite coun- §§T \, Ri S; tries that the Yellowstone | } }; § e } *: region lacks the supreme § grandeur of some other of i ournational parks will cease to have weight when the magnificent Teton Moun- tains just south of thesouth- ern boundary are added to the park. These mountains begin at thefoot of the Pitch- i ; § i ſ Š As. stone Plateau a mile or two G (3. º below thesoutherngateway, : ºf , º and extend south and west. 2. ſº § They border Jackson Lake § #: N on its west side, rising rap- § ºft% yº idly in a series of remarka- º: 's $º bly toothed and jagged § § eaks until they reach asub-...} { § § #. climax, 30 miles south #} | of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathe- dral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. - This whole amazing out- .."; of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as cer- || tainly it is the most extra- ordinary massing of moun- tain spires in America. It leaps more than 7,000 feet apparently perpendicular from the lake and plain. Seen from theroad at Moran, where the Snake River es: capes from the reclamation dam which pens floodwaters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in aridwest- ern lands, these mountains | ! # &º i ſ ;#.i | i # i } * 33 º - 12 . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. seem actually to border the lake's west shore. . It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country #. been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank robber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains, and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the nº and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - ith their passing and the partial protection of the game, Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of contributing to the pleas- ure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms further to the south is an element of charm. These amazing mountains are, from their nature, a component part of the Yellowstone National Park, whose gamut of majestic scenery, they complete, and no doubt would have been included within its original boundaries had their supreme magnificence been then appreciated. Already Yellowstone visitors have claimed it, and .#. stages run to Moran and back on regular schedules. In time, no doubt, part of it will be added formally to the park territory. THE RED CANYON of THE SHOSHONE. Jackson Hole is not the only spectacle of magnificence intimately associated with Yellowstone but lying without its borders. East- ward through picturesque Sylvan Pass, well across the park bound- ary, the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the rains of ages that * "Yellowstone the vacation land, has dawned. its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. . It is no wonder that a .. fantastic names have been fastened upon these fan- tastic rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. - And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, the second highest in the world, higher than New York's fam- ous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spec- tacle of grandeur perhaps unequalled f its kind. The road which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational runs of the west. - THE TRAIL SYSTEM. The motorization of Yellowstone National Park, which is now com- plete, by reducing greatly the time formerly required to travel from scenic spot to scenic spot permits the tourist to spend a far greater #. of his allowance of time in pleasurable sight-seeing. Its as also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely, motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping-out equipment. The day of the new Yellowstone, ºf, To fill these new needs the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much / YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 13 has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly ood trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. ese trails lead into the great scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo browse, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the north boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. . If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before starting, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center .# this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On this map the trails are printed in green. On pages 45 to 49 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. - * RAILROADS. The Northern Pacific Railway reaches the park on the north at Gardiner, Mont.; the Oregon Short Line Railroad reaches it on the west at Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park may be reached by a drive of 55.4 miles. Descriptive matter and information regarding railroad rates may be obtained from the roads mentioned. 4. - Arrangements have been made by these three railroads to authorize the sale, during the park season, of round-trip excursion tickets covering rail transportation to the park via the lines of any one of these roads and return via the same route or via the lines of one of the other two roads. For instance, a ticket may be procured which will entitle the purchaser thereof to passage over the lines of the Northern Pacific and connecting lines to Gardiner, Mont., the northern entrance to the park, and return via the same route, or he may procure a ticket at the same rate which will entitle him to rail transportation to Gardiner and a return trip via the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy or Union Pacific Railroads from Cody, Wyo., or Yellowstone, Mont., as he desires. For the first time, therefore, the prospective visitor to the park has the privilege of entering the park at one entrance and leaving it at the same point, or at any one of the other gateways. Furthermore, the railroads are prepared to sell coupons coverin automobile service through the park, these coupons to be attache to the railroad ticket. Coupons covering accommodations at the park hotels and the permanent camps may also be purchased in con- nection with rail and automobile transportation tickets. Detailed information regarding these tickets may be obtained from local railroad ticket agents. . - - The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned; that Yellowstone National Fark be ‘....” not alone as a region which may be seen on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a , Yºon playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recrea- lCIl. - k- 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * ord GLACIER ) PAR& IB º - Shelby THavre • Glacier Par —ar *oº; - - - & Kalispell º * Glasgº tº: &s. eº - 2- ºr & sº ** º e NJM Y O N TTNº. A TN. A. \. Missoula © * * 2- Lewistown, & g . • & Helena sf. *> * T. P. Rºº. & Aº " * & S G - 3r wº >/# & C Wº: © & wº Butte Lombard *...* •º 6. *** * * <> $ Livingston Billings - Q. -- & Gardiner Yellowsro Biàfººh: AL PARK . . e Blackfoot Rs: Hººger twº Pocateug 1 Gs 8. L. * - … ::: ) * \ *n. .: * \ * - - wºrn, ...; > & V. N- 7. º N * | Y- 'A V - . Nº z - W N * * \ >\oº, / t Aº’ `ts \,...}s 22: • | iS-SCságº. canºrv • * $º º - i.e.” º z SS \ . ng NARRow gaugeyennage. J ^ N. p * , S3 proseggr tennace NS | ~~ 2" SJ's- • } e º >, Še }^ * \ }\º. l A& | | /* } ; ſ 2" | * f \ .gºv.spring : o I * ^ •ºr ANGEL ; N. & # Lookout Foint * "f tennace } \ \ - Af \ z f Highland TERRAce \ . . /* * * \ / A.-- \ _2^ W &e, f : a f A f 0 0 \3J’ e \ / f/Devils Kitchen W A \ / / w a' \ - ſ d ------zº-> \ - orange spring ** Bath Lake - N : - } * - © a * FEET & e. o 5–3–4. Hi-F, ºs" © #f ! --------N& 2 2 400 *:N dººr ſ gº * = 100 sºft i º Privated Pool & \ in | A _^ § 50. U Öo \º * \ S$; Z-" * =Road * w §g 22* - * -- - - - - -Path ălă. \ _^ SKETCH MAP of MAMMOTH Hot SPRINGs. A ; 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. É. Terrace is a side path to Palette Spring, which has recently ecome active again. Beyond the side path the main path descends to the level of the starting. point, with Hymen Terrace, in some respects the most beautiful of all, on the left. It will repay the tourist to make a side trip completely around this terrace. § McCartney's Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is now covered by wire netting, on the grass lawn midway between the hotel and Fort Yellowstone. Cupid's Cave, west of Jupiter Spring, has ºn closed up by deposit from a hot spring and can not now be visited. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. * Around Bunsen Peak.--Twelve miles by a saddle-horse trail, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park); Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. Guide not necessary. ” - Buffalo herds (tame).—Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke. More than 300 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. No accommodations at Tower Falls Camp (12 miles) during season of 1918, but plenty of good camping places and fine fishing. * Tower Falls (132 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Tower Falls Camp, 2 miles from Tower Falls, closed during season of 1918. `- Petrified stumps.-Seventeen miles by automobile road and three- fourths mile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest,-Twenty-four miles southeast by automobile road, thence 4 miles by well-marked trail. * Northeastern portion of£º trip could be made to include the etrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and }. Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Camping Co.'s Tower Falls Camp on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from º , provides accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Automobile road to Tower Falls, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte, but other points would have to be j by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camping places in abundance on this trip. MOUNTAIN CLIMIBING. Electric Peak (11,155 feet)."—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. - Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not necessary. . 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. . * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . 25 Mount Everts (7,900 feet)."—Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 15 miles. No guide needed. Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet). —West 5% miles by well-marked º e-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow 8SS. - - - Fishing trips.--One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs . may be made with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- trians, as follows: South on main road to Obsidian Creek, Indian - Creek, Upper Gardiner, and branches, and Glen Creek, for small eastern brook trout. Distance, 4 to 10 miles. East to Lava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek, 8 miles, for small native or rainbow trout. East or north- east to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for white- fish and native trout. - MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS To NORRis. Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris (20 miles), are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,000 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock, accompanied by powerful lateral thrusts. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,245 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering this pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain #. º º t. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 eet high. - - Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan, Lake Basin. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the . . . unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park TO8,OlS. - * On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak, at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain, then Bannock Peak, Antler Peak, The Dome, Trilobite Point, and Mount Holmes on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, ‘. flows through Swan Lake Basin, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Basin. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 6-mile post, camping is permitted at any point over 100 feet from the road. However, as the timber commences near this point, the openings where grass can be obtained are noted on the succeeding pages as camp sites. Between 6-mile post and Apollinaris Spring, 10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs,’ are many good camp sites. All the streams along the road have trout in them. w Gardiner River (7,300 feet) is Črossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,300 feet), comprising the valley of, . Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver. and dotted by their ungainly houses. • * 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. S46763°–18—4 . - - * 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,300 feet) is a landing platform on the left of the road for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping * ace, the next camp site being 4 miles farther on the right side of the road. Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,350 feet) is a cliff of hard, black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. An old beaver house can be seen near the south end of the lake. A camp site (14 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is passed 1% imiles south of Beaver Lake; next camp site is just south of Bijah Spring, 3 miles farther on. Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, alti- tude 7,550 feet) is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth †. timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines 30 feet Square on the extreme top of the mountain, in which iſ fittle steam could be seen rising from the ground. . In the year mentioned activity became greater; the formation gradually spread to its mºnt size, and it is riot cer- tain that the limit has yet been reached. & Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot º altitude 7,513 feet) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is alongside the road. There is a good camping place just south of this spring; the next camp site is on the canyon road a j; mile beyond Norris (33 miles from this point). - The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name Ar NORRIS GEYSER BASIN.1 Norris Geyser Basin (20 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 25 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,470 feet).-The ranger station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is good fishing for rainbow trout. The road leading to the right in a southerly direc- tion is the regular loop road to the Geyser Basins, while that leading to the left in an easterly direction is the loop road returning from the canyon. The geyser basin itself is a half mile south of the junction. The path for viewing this formation starts immediately in front of the old lunch station and follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler. Owing to the unsafe con- dition of the crust through this part of the trip it is not wise to step off the walk. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, and the new opening of the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of the Black Growler first made its appear- * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park see p. 49. sº YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 27 ance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin, with the possible exception of the Constant and Minute Man, are constantly changin in size, locality, character of eruption, and nature of contents o w” *~ 5cale - - * L º Gº ºn tºº & †sº, & g ºz. ſ <} - 5& § 35 § 4 - h & t Realgar Spring f - * 49. & Horses. oe Spring & Vérºna, Spring 3. Tº RESEEye § - Receptacle {{ . . Spring § sitock &pring - % * ! # Ponce-adº º .* • * **ś, ſº º *Jºris Ebony Spring”. Crown °Crystal Spring º *Constanto earsenic o Hykärligig." ** s - #sº phar - cº § rricaneº º sº ~3> & 2.É. ke --~~ *::: - -Alcote Spring o *wrote, º growler /- Perpetuaº - * &pouter o Schlammkessel * o Steam valve iſſiºn tºte w Aſomarck ofearles& - sº * Palpitator sº * Corporal, .Nets Oratºr cº & Recess Pºisſen **. * Wººterº, £S As Pearl i º Æchinus at Spring *S& Caº g | & gº & 3Hydrophane” yttrop s: & &prings 7 sº * * Gray Jºſedusa Spring q eg £old Springs SKETCH MAP of NoFBIs GExsee BASIN. 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. tube. The old opening of the Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. Tourists now proceed southwest along the road to the Bathtub, on the left. Some seasons this is an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; in other years it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a branch path leads south past Emerald Pool and some small paint pots that have devel- oped since 1905 to the New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a compara- tively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from ferruginous minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. The floor of the Norris à. Basin consists of siliceous sinter similar in all respects to the sinter bottoms of the other geyser basins. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths, which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. After returning to the Bathtub the path leads south- west down the hill to the platform near the Minute Man Geyser. Three hundred feet southeast of the Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Norris's biggest geyser, the Monarch. Unfortunately this geyser has the varying habit, and it is almost impossible to foretell what its period between eruptions will be. . During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing ii.; mud instead of clear water as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice. The path continues south to Fearless, Palpitator, Corporal, Vizen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with such uncertain periods of eruptions that they are unsatis- factory to visit. * ~- Congress Pool is on the left of the road south of the lunch station, and has at times been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different characteristics from what it had the preceding month or what it may have the following month. The Echinus and Valentine Geysers are well worth seeing, but have seldom played during the last season or two. The Hurricane is now a mud vent on the right of the road south of the Congress Pool. } NORRIS TO LOWER GEYSER BASIN. From Norris the road leads southwest to the Fountain Ranger Sta- tion (19 miles). It passes through Elk Park, 2 miles from the junc- tion at Norris, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock formation. Through Gibbon Meadow, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,315 feet, are good camping places; the next camp site is below Gib- bon Falls, 5 miles farther on, but there is no forage at the Gibbon Falls camp, the first camp beyond Gibbon Meadows where there is forage being on Firehole River, 13 miles from the Gibbon Meadows. At the south end of Gibbon Meadow a branch road leads to the left to Gibbon (or Artist) Paint Pots, located on the mountain side, 50 feet above the meadow level and a half mile from the main road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 4% miles from Norris), is a trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monument Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. It YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 29 © the visit, the thermal activity being practically extinct. The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is ãºf by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more prominent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,296 ; is a fine boiling spring close to the road. . Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris, altitude 7,100 feet) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (8} miles from Norris), is the very pretty waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good fººping site on the left, but it has very little, if any, forage for OTSéS. - Ten miles from Norris a branch road to the west leads to the western entrance at Yellowstone, Mont., on the Oregon Short Line Railroad. . At this point the road leaves Gibbon River, climbs the mountain to the left, and passes for néarly 5 miles over a rolling sandy country covered by pine forests. The road then descends to Firehole River at the Cascades of the Firehole (14% miles from Nor- ris). Another road from the western entrance joins the belt road at Firehole Cascades. There is good fishing in Firehole River for eastern brook, Loch Leven, Won Behr, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. - - The road now leads up Firehole River, and just north of the 17- mile post from Norris is a good camp site. ... Camp sites are now almost continuous for 2 miles. At the 19-mile post the Fountain Ranger Station is passed; in front of this station a short road to Excelsior Geyser and Upper Geyser Basin branches out to the right. This short road, however, misses most of the Lower Geyser Basin. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. º the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is I'ê8,0ſlé Cle - is not, however, of enough interest to the casual visitor to pay for * LOWER GEYSER BASIN TO UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL INN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAMP).l Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (20 miles from Norris, 40 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and 45 miles from Gardiner, 20 miles from the western entrance, altitude 7,240 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of more thorough examination than can be given to the more prominent ones along the road. After passing the hotel and crossing a flat a few hundred feet wide, the road ascends a low hill to the Mammoth Paint Pots, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur everywhere throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at the West Thumb. , , * - From the unloading platform at the Mammoth Paint Pots a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. From 1911 to 1 For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park see p. 49. 30 YELLowston E NATIONAL PARK. 1916 the eruptions were erratic and seldom witnessed, but it played again quite frequently during 1917. sº t The Clepsytra, Bellefontaine, Jelly, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. They are given little attention because of the greater attractions that lie before the tourist. - * South of the Mammoth Paint Pots the main road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless it is important to hurry on." . The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a pair of con- stantly playing geysers, known as the Black Warrior or Steady. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. . But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a dee seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. º this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradu- ally. . Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a flame of fire. This continues till the bubble bursts, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, º: every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly considered as one of the sights of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthv of close examination. Between Firehole Lake and the Great Fountain, Bath Lake, with its bathhouse, is passed; Young Hopeful, Narcissus, Bead, and Pink Come are all ºfºni interesting geysers. To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. From the Great Fountain two roads lead back to join the main road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of the White Dome. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too feeble to detain the tourist long. The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from the Great Fountain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Pool, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring, an exquisite dainty. For the next mile or two the road approaches. Twin Buttes, a prominent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River. idway Geyser Bašin (3 miles from Fountain) is, properly speak- ing, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designation. There are * This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use this road during 1918 season. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. * 31 numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. - The greatest attraction here is at Excelsior Geyser, which was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Prismatic Lake and Turquoise Spring make them worthy companions. , 3. * s - H. ſ § z—e–H ; à ſq **. - § s #: 3 #3 “º -> 3 § s Q §§ § § - # § § ** **- # # § § 3. # º § : k § # =' " Q. º § wº \ te 3.e.” .# § $ º \ & * $$, ſº ; : 2. • 2 3%; $ Š Ua Aº. --> **:::: § # *o […] # 5 # # AS ; is ſº § {- CE sº. Vº § Y: s = pº § SE: $2 3 #; § .# * : §§ :Nº tº so fº §§ ºrs & CŞ ###| A # § Š *: §§ tº S &2 sº-8 - © 22 Q § oz - tr; hº V “ºn. § £ [+] Sø {/D gº Rºſe.” à - Biscuit Basin (6 miles from Fountain) is in reality the lower end of the ºp.º. Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the con- stant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Geyser. - --- - Biscuit #in is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are small geysers whose striking formation gives them their character- istic names. & & Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. - } A half a mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is the Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action." ' UPPER GEYSER BASIN.1 A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Spring, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or i. wide. . - The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. The Mortar is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last six seasons. At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its eriod is very regular, ranging from five to six hours. An overflow rom the lower opening P. 8.It #. within an hour. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Camp- ing not being allowed in the basin, the next camp site is south of Old Faithful Geyser, nearly 2 miles by road from this point. A special camp ground for private parties traveling in automobiles is . - provided here. * At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. **- rom here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any curiosi- ties º Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path.). The road to the right (the Blacksand Road) is sº and passes many curiosities. r 4 - . . The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. . During the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of the Comet, while over near the edge of the formation is the Splendid. The Comet and Splendid very seldom play. These three geysers, as well as all * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park see p. 49. y YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 33 f the geysers - rt springs in this neighborhood, are connected. When one o of this group plavs it appears to affect them all. t group plays it appears to affe - \ * Sºl’ \ , - s & ſº i . wegº + -- - - & -- -*-*- - esº, \ ºf *T) rewºº gº” ~, § (*sº * sº If f s } :a go - { *~\º, § 3 º' - $3ol. § # =º M. . . . . ~~" #(*) su.º.º.º. gº - tjeº" ºuri Biagiiit § §: Sapphirogools tº ! & S \,\xº \ } #& Y. //ſ. z •º sINTER PLAIN - f º Cauliflower , / - .#2" | 9//Mi A creº 2 : ) / - | |Nº'º, Z | ~ & •. • s & A sº § 2^ | ui & Asta Spr. I & 49 | He $ Q 22* ! j Š & / & | D. § * y § $ | --> / - | ----> º / & º º \) Riverside § - ** & / m-e------ & % , ,” © És N- g }} i; %% - – * Łº-2- tº wºn ! a Specimen. Lake 2}} Purple Spra. } z g { O tº * . B ºts. ! - . Sunset_Lake & 3. & º Rainboſº Pool §s ū* / :E Cliff Spring/6%r. º yGrand ~ wneralaſwi ººlºo, § #ity; * sº - º * Bulger \ § § jº M/ Kºe gº-º-º-º: gº 7D f * ; * - * } s” \ - £iness..? Beach # Tº , §. g § Sp *-º: - Road => º tº §dacãde G. 1. * * s ###twº, irº \ W * Path ––––––sº & SCALE of FEET • o g g I I I i 560 & 660 1000 1500 2000 2500 - Cºndºlas's 0 Old Faithful A Ś SCALE of METERs r * T Inn _*\ ... . Nº I ſ w * , s , is $glºſſaithful V 200 600 The Ruin S’’ xFREE Pºll Upper Geyser BasińCamp AUTO cºmpº 200 100 0 400 SKETCH MAP of UPPER GEYSER BASIN. -- *A quarter mile beyond the road passes a crested spring on a mound This is the Punchbowl. Then the Black Sand Spring, on the right. Specimen Lake, and the Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the Spouter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the 46763°–18—5 34 YELLowsroNE NATIONAL FARK. bridge, Cliff Spring is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left, immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake, Handkerchief Pool, and the Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful of the Upper Basin springs. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes the Three Sisters group of springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. °, • The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads past the shattered cone of the Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three pools, normally quiet but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again, but lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without it being seen in action. . . * A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, which plays 200 feet high in a series of eruptions, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Immediately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less connected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. . - s The Triplets, Bulger, and Chimney are for the most part quiet Fº but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very power- ul little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a sharp whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodic is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill Geyser. €I'ê the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by some peculiarity of its crater. It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser.” It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting some- times continues for several days, and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. " " . " - wº. From this point the path leads to the ranger station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on anothér footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from thä” river is a rounded hill of geyser formation, with a group of four eysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. , The #. which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 35. º - large cub, the smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. . . . . , , , * To the west on the next elevation is the Devil's Ear, and a little- farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boiling springs. Then the path. turns to the south to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color; and texture of its formation j the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. - - ... • Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach the Giantess too close; it has not much considera-. tion for the safety of its visitors, and has been known to break forth. into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, j Crater. en this geyser does start, the vast masses. of erupted: water are wonderful to behold. . Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist ji keep far enough to the south to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. * + = On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. - ? Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and §º south to the very. head of the basin, the tourist arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists' friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these º and, in addition, it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of welcoming. the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist. The head of the Upper Basin is 9” miles from the Lower Basin, 29 miles from Norris, 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 54 miles from Gardiner, 28 miles from Yellowstone, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store and a picture shop are located here near the hotel. The road leaves the basin south of the Old Faithful for the West. Thumb, 19 miles away. . There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. The forage, however, is lacking at these sites. The next camp site is 3% miles farther, on the branch road to the º Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the Iſla,IIl I'O 8,01. SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITHFUL INN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAMP. |Shoshone Lake and. Geyser Basin.—Four and one-half miles b road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via well-marked trail. Union Geyser 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake, and eastern brook trout. , ~ 36 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK. Jackson Hole and Lake.-Sixty-seven miles’ (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Fare for round trip Upper Geyser Basin to Jackson Lake and return to Canyon Hotel or Camp, $10. Board and lodging at Sheffield's resort, $4 per day and up. - UPPER GEYSER BASIN To THUMB of YEiLowsToNE LAKE. As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to . the Continental Divide, #. along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades. At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (34 miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to the Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes, height 40 to 60 feet, altitude 7,600 feet. On this branch road are good camp º; the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy 7°06/€. - * The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Upper Basin, at an altitude of 8,240 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. - - \ Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Corkscrew Hill to a little Valley at De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. . Here is the last good camp site to the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. . Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear.day. There is fine fishing in Sho- shone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,345 feet (15% miles from Upper Basin). e From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the i. when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left., • 3. e As the road leads out to the lake shore the ranger station in on the left where the road forks. The road to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Boundary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the main road. - * - THE THUMB. At the Thumb the tourist should see . The Paint Pots. Theyºr not so large as the ones at the Fountain, but are more bī; colored. e Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake, a quarter mile north of the boat º; The Lakeshore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of 30 feet is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. - - ** .* YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 37 THUMB TO LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. 1 The road from West Thumb (19 miles from Upper Basin, 28 miles from Lower Basin, 48 miles from Norris, 68 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 73 miles from Gardiner, 47 miles from Yellowstone, altitude P Yellowstone Lake, 7,741 feet) follows the shore of Lake Yellow- stone for about 5 miles. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, .5 miles from Thumb, and on Bridge Creek, 11 miles from Thumb. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan to the south are had. Near the top of the hill is obtained a fine view of Thumb Bay on the right; a little later the Knotted Woods on the left are passed. The road then traverses a rolling table-land covered with dense pines. At a point 10 milés from Thumb the road crosses Bridge Creek; a half mile farther on is a camp site. The Natural Bridge is about 11% miles from Thumb; it is 200 yards from the road on the left and in plain sight. There is a camp site at this point, and from here to the Yellowstone Canyon good camp sites are numerous. A special site for automobilists desiring to make camp is reserved near the Lake Outlet. * * At the Lake Hotel” (15.1 miles from Thumb, 34 miles from Upper Basin, 43 miles from Lower Basin, 63 miles from Norris, 83 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 88 miles from Gardiner, 62 miles from Yellowstone) are the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 14 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. To GRAND CANYON. Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Camp the road to East Bound- ary and Cody branches off to the right. Seven and one-half miles from Lake Hotel there are platforms for tourists wishing to see Mud Volcano and Grotto Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is ood fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses ayden Valley and then enters a narrow valley by side of the Yellow- stone River. w Fifteen miles from Lake Hotel, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across the Chittenden Bridge to the east. for 2% miles to Artist Point. From' this branch road there can be obtained magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many views seen to advantage. The main road leads to the left. In about a half mile the plat- form at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached, steps leading down to the rim of the falls. . A few hundred feet farther is the ranger station, and then shortly after the roads fork again. This is Canyon Junction, 16 miles from Lake, 31 miles from Thumb, 50 miles from per Basin, 59 miles from Lower Basin, 79 miles from Norris, 99 les from Mammoth Hot Springs, 104 miles from Gardiner; alti- tude, 7,850 feet. Camp sites are ºppº. the ranger station and across Chittenden Bridge. A special camp site for private automo- bile parties is located opposite the ranger station. e road to the 1íake Hotel and Camp not in operation during 1918 season. 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL-PARK. right leads to Lower Falls, to the northern side of the Grand Canyon, the Canyon Hotel, and Mount Washburn. There is good fishing in . Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. - SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. 1 Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-two miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Fare for round trip in automobile, $10. Board and lodging at Sheffield's resort, $4 per day and up. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.-This trip is made by boat. 2. GRAND CANYON. If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal #. a lovely little falls that is often over- looked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high, but is dangerous. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The main road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the branch road to the hotel and to Mount Washburn turns out to the left. - On the road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep and somewhat dangerous trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This oint, Artists Point, #. Point, and the edge of the Lower alls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground. have risen through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes and hence retains its dark-gray walls. e A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Bowlder, not by any means the only lacier bowlder in the park, but the most striking example of this #. This bowlder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist. - - - - .1 Lake Hotel and Camp not in operation during 1918 season. .*- - - * * * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 39 There are several most interesting side trips, for sight-seeing, fishing, etc., to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horseback, via good trails. Most of these can be made safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. & # 4 º É 3. ă # # = 5. & # = * $ºt N É; ###, # N. §§ §§§§ 3 ; \ § 23 * … tº 'E 80 \ §§ 3 ##### . V 32 ###### \ 2. ar 5 §§ 5 § 2, `--- §§ : * < [I] O O LII N. W Nºw *~ X W. S. ºN \o § . º, gºsº • - #}\$3% * ſº º # *sº : 3 * pº & - § P+ A # 3 : *\ }^2. § | | <3 *\ & § ... O o 2 - § - 3 $: Co Kº do ſº z—e — . -> # O : - &rºwnvº li- ſh- .s: *% o ... - - - - - -Pºº"—A-143. O0's FREE Express-Store-Garage SUPT'S OFFL ^2 WYOMING 2. 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SITV -> * - - - - #1 / \ \\ Ç, . 32k… /º/, *\Kaake `U/ - - º à \" 4× - - - | 7p 442244. - Tºrº. - - - - • — 110°00' 25.4//ºrs - ENGRAVED AND PRINTED BY THE us.geological survey MAF OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK © Denotes Ranger Station Prsrances given are befºreen main/oofars by road. - *— Direction of Travel : YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 43 ruśd and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are Douglas fir and Engleman spruce. y Just after crossing the Middle Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Gateway is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park is located a ranger station and 1 mile farther is a good camping site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,650 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty little sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Syl- van Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,350 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. There is another camp site 4 miles beyond' Cub Creek. Turbid Lake, altitude 7,900 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, has a camp site at its southern end. This lake is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. . These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water for camp purposes in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. e next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the Loop Road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. MORAN, wyo., VIA souTHERN ENTRANCE To Loop Road. Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. B. D. Sheffield operates an excellent permanent camp on the north side of Snake River just be- low the great reclamation dam. . He has also acquired a prominent hill site on the lakefront, south of the river, upon which he is building a hotel, some part of which may be ready this season. The location is opposite the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. - This mountain group is a intº outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plain. It begins in low elevations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forrellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733, altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises apparently perpendicularly more than 7,000 feet from the water. 44 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far intºthe summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. - The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Game preserves protect the elk as far south as Snake River. Below that large numbers are killed by hunters in season, doubtless including many of the natural denizens of the national park which have strayed across the river. There are fertile farms south of Snake River. From Jackson Lake reclamation waters fertilize a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system include 713 miles .# canals. The power and transmission lines have a length of 69 miles. At the southern entrance, altitude 6,850 feet, is the ranger station. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next ºp site is 8 miles farther on. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to Lewis Falls (upper, 80 feet high; lower, 50 feet high), altitude 7,650 feet, 10.4 #. from south boundary. While ºº: hill through the burned sec- tion the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. - Lewis Lake, altitude 7,720 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheridan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 miles north and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 8,000 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park. e TOWER FALLS TO BUFFALO FARM, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls ranger station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the wagon road to the mining town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the Mount Washburn road north- east across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction Butte is on the right. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 23 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round, glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. ; 45 Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo º: (30 miles from Mammoth #. Springs), where over 300 head of buffalo (bison) are maintained by the Government. Five miles beyond the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley, he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 36 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, with the ranger station on the left. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the Butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the Butte. The northeast boundary is crossed (53 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest, 3 miles before reaching Cooke. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. …” TRAILS IN AND ABOUT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . The following notes on Yellowstone trails were prepared for this publication by Mrs. Robert C. Morris, of New York City, after she returned from an extensive horseback tour of the park, which occu- pied the entire summer of 1917. - - There are various ways by which the park may be entered by trail, but the best starting points for trail trips are the hotels and camps in the park itself. Parties may be outfitted, however, at Gardiner, Mont, and Cody, Wyo. From Cody the road must be followed a considerable distance until trails can be reached. - Starting from the northern gateway at Gardiner the trail of the old military road leads to Mammoth Hot Springs, and thence through Snow Pass to Swan Lake Flats, and to the valley of the Gallatin River on the west side of the park, by way of either Sports- man Lake or Fawn Pass. There is a good camp site back of the hotel at Mammoth Hot Springs, and another at Gardiner River, 7 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, in the direction of Norris Geyser basin. At the bridge near this latter camp site the Riverside-Willow Park trail starts and leads westward to Riverside rangerstation, where it connects with the trail running to Fountain ranger station. From the latter station the easterly section of the park may be reached by taking the trail up Nez Perce Creek. -- Another trail from Gardiner into the park may be followed by crossing the Gardiner River just inside the line and following the Turkeypen trail until it strikes the road, and thence to the ranger station at Tower Falls, from which point the road to Cooke City, Mont., may be followed across the bridge spanning the Yellowstone River, and continuing until the bridge at the Lamar River is reached. At this point there are two trails which can be taken—one leading to Slough 8. the other back to Gardiner along the north bank of the Lamar and Yellowstone Rivers. These routes from Gardiner to the Lamar bridge and back are very attractive because of the country they traverse, which is high and rolling, with, beautiful trees, abun- 'dant grass, and much wildlife. Elk and antelope arefrequently met, a few buffalo graze on the meadows and side hills, and in the wooded places there are many bear. The country can be readily traveled, and there are plenty of good camping places with fine water. 1 Trails are printed in green on map in center of this circular. 46 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. About a mile after crossing the bridge at the Yellowstone, before mentioned, the Specimen Ridge trail leaves the road from the right- hand side and follows up the point of jº. º and along the westerly slope until reaching Amethyst Mountain, where it descends'. sharply down the valley of Chalcedony Creek to the valley of the Lamar, where connection may be made with the Mary Bay–Lamar River trail at the ford of the Lamar above the mouth of Soda Butte Creek. At the eastern end of Amethyst Mountain is located the great fossil. forest. Here is a cliff composed of 12 different volcanic strata, and in each stratum can be seen standing the trunks of petrified trees. During 12 distinct geological epochs forests thrived here and were i.; by volcanic material. §. trunks stand as high as 40 feet and they vary from 1 to 10 feet in diameter. Redwood, walnut, oak, and many other trees not now growing in the park have been identified.- . The trail to Slough Creek leaves the road on the other side of the Lamar bridge and runs thence through a canyon, continuing up the valley of Slough Creek until it leaves the park at the Ames ranch. From this point the Tucker Creek trail can be taken over the moun- tains to Buffalo Fork, and from there over a high plateau and down to Hellroaring River, which can be readily forded. From this ford a well-defined trail leads over the mountains by the old mining town of Jardine, Mont., from whence the road must be followed back to Gardiner. This route from Slough Creek to Gardiner runs through the Absaroka National Forest, which is one of the few accessible laces adjacent to the park still open to big game hunting. The É. camping places are along the three streams, Hellroaring River, Buffalo Fork, and Slough Creek. • - On leaving the Ames ranch a trip by trail may be continued out- side of the park up Slough Creek past. Duret's ranch to Lake Abund- ance, at either ...”of which are good places for a camp. This lake' received its name because of the abundance of fish to be found in its waters, and, although it is much visited, the Supply seems to be inexhaustible. - - Leaving Lake Abundance the trail runs to the Stillwater Basin, . where it branches, one part leading to Cooke City and the other down the Stillwater River, a two days’ journey, to the ranch lands in the foothills of the Absaroka Range. This trail is rough but entirely . assable. The trail to Cooké City is about 9 miles in length from ake Abundance. - - Cooke City, a quaint little mining camp, is a rare reminder of pioneer days. It is surrounded by some of the most imposing moun- tains in this section, and radiating from it are numerous paths which can be followed on horseback. One may go up into the Granite Range to Goose Lake, which lies at an altitude of 10,000 feet, by a rough wagon road, a distance of about 12 miles. - Goose Lake is volcanic in its surroundings, but sufficient grazin for horses can be found there; and from the head of the lake a gradua climb of about a mile and a half brings one to the º Glacier so named because of the fact that the remains of grasshoppers are imbedded in the ice where they were caught by a snowstorm at some remote time in a flight across the pass. This glacier is the source of the West Rosebud River, which forms itself into a series of lakes and is practically inaccessible. - * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 47 . Another trail from Cooke City follows the wagon road to Clark's Fork and thence to the southward over Dead Indian Hill through Sunlight Basin to Cody, where the road leads back into the park over Sylvan Pass to Yellowstone Lake. In starting from Cody this route can be reversed if desired. . . * - 2 . Many trails lead from Cooke City into the rough and jagged Granite Range to beautiful and seldom-visited lakes and streams, where excellent fishing may be obtained. There is also the main road lead- ing back into the park, which may be followed to the Lamar River. On the upper waters of the Lamar are various tributary creeks. . One of these is Cache Creek, on which is located Death Gulch, a place where deadly fumes are said to issue from the ground and where Wahb, that famous grizzly of fiction, passed on to the happy hunting ounds of his fathers. Another is Miller Creek, ſº. to the . oodoo region, a section of weird and fantastic formations, which was regarded by the Indians in the old days with superstitious awe. rom the Lamar River a trail may be struck as shown on the map, which will lead to Mary Bay on Yellowstone Lake, or where the Sylvan Pass road is encountered it may be followed past Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill's former hunting lodge, to Cody. This road can be tº: from Cody, either to reverse the trail above described or to strike the #. leading to Mary Bay for the trip to the south around Yellowstone 8.BCé. * - Taking the trail at Mary Bay a trip can be made to one of the most unfrequented portions of the park, which lies east and south of Yel- lowstone Lake. For several miles the pebble beach of the eastern shore of the lake is followed, though at times the shore line is left and the forest entered, affording attractive scenes through glades which form vistas of water and distant mountains. From some of the rock headlands a sweeping view of from 50 to 60 miles may be obtained. At the southern end of the lake the trail follows the valley of the upper Yellowstone River to Bridger Lake, which lies at the foot of awks Fest, and in which excellent i. can be had. This valley is one vast tract of beaver operations, and moose abound as well as other large game, such as elk, deer, and bear. The mountains to the east are rugged and picturesque. . The Trident and Colters Peak loom ºve y, forming an ever-ehanging aspect while following the trail. - - From Bridger Lake a trail can be taken over Two Ocean Pass by following up Atlantic Creek and down Pacific Creek to the famous Jackson Hole ... Two Ocean Pass presents one of the most remarkable geological phenomena in the world; here two streams, one flowing north and the other south, empty into a pass which runs east and west. Each stream divides, one half of it flows east to the Atlantic, the other half west to the Pacific, thus forming a continuous water route over the Continental Divide. It is assumed that it was by this way that trout first worked into Yellowstone Lake, which is otherwise naturally inaccessible to them owing to the two falls of the Yellowstone River. - • . " 9At the old snowshoe cabin on Thorofare Creek, which empties into the Yellowstone River about 2 miles north of the park line, the south boundary trail can be struck and followed westward to the west boundary of the park. This trail crosses the Continental Divide and 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Big Game Ridge and then follows down the Snake River Valley to the Snake River Ranger Station. Crossing Big Game Ridge one of the most extended and beautiful views of the park is obtained. Heart Lake is plainly seen, with Mount Sheridan and the Tetons in all their majesty. Much game may be observed, as this is one of the favorite summer ranges of the elk, which roam this country in countless herds. On leaving the Ranger Station at Snake River the road can be taken south to Jackson Lake and Moran, Wyo. The Jackson Hole country is a veritable paradise for fishermen, and it also is one of the most beautiful sections of this country from a scenic standpoint, as it is barricaded by the Teton Range of snow-covered peaks rising to an altitude of nearly 14,000 feet. From Snake River Station the trail to the west connects with the west boundary at Bechler Station. As will be seen by the map a trail branches to the northward at a oint on the westerly base of Big Game Ridge, which leads to Heart ake, where large native trout may be caught. This lake is dominated on the west by impressive Mount Sheridan and is very picturesque. The trail leads on to Lewis Lake, which is beside the main road run- ning between Yellowstone Lake and Jackson Hole. . From Lewis Lake the road must be followed north about 2 miles, where the trail strikes northwest to Shoshone Lake outlet. This lake is noted for its enormous Mackinaw trout and is an ideal spot for the fisherman. Leaving the outlet the trail can be followed in two ways—one, around the eastern end along De Lacy Creek and through Norris Pass to the road between Upper Basin and the Thumb, and thence either to Yellowstone Lake or to Old Faithful; the other leads by the south side of the lake up Shoshone Creek to Lone Star Geyser, which is 4 miles by road to Old Faithful. From Old Faithful, which is at Upper Basin, the trail runs westward past Summit Lake to the west bounday of the park, which is followed by a trail for a distance of about 56 miles north and south, the south trail leading to Bechler Station and the north trail to Gallatin Station. - From Upper Basin the road must be taken for about 9 miles until Néz Perce Creek is reached, up which one can travel on the old mili- tary trail which Gen. O. O. Howard made when in pursuit of Chief Joseph on the wonderful march of that great warrior in the Indian campaign of 1877. The route passes Mary Lake and continues to Alum Creek. This creek runs through Hayden Valley, a great rolling rairie where the wild buffalo formerly roamed and where now vast i. of elk can be seen during the summer months. . From the point where Alum Creek intercepts the road the distance is about 3 miles to the Canyon Hotel and about 2 miles to the Canyon Permanent Camp. Before reaching the camp the graceful Chittenden Bridge over the Yellowstone River must be crossed. At the easterly end of this bridge is a trail leading up the east side of the Yellowstone Valley to the bridge crossing the river at the outlet of the lake. Here the road can be followed eastward to Indian Pond, where striking to the south the trail may be found which runs to Mary Bay for the upper Yellow- stone. This road also leads to Cody and the Lamar River trail is met about a quarter of a mile east of Indian Pond. ~~º Both the Canyon Hotel and the Canyon Camp have various trails branching out from them which offer day trips; but the main trails are to Norris Basin by way of Cascade Lake, Grebe Lake, Virginia YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 49 * * Meadows, and the road, and to Tower Falls by way of Blacktail Ridge Trail to Petrified Trees and the road to Tower Falls Ranger Station. . . There is also an excellent trail—and, by the way, this is one of the oldest trails in the park—which leaves º, Inspiration Point road at the glacial bowlder known as the Devils Watchcharm and follows around the easterly base of Mount Washburn to Tower Creek bridge, where it joins the road to Tower Falls Ranger Station and branch trails may be taken to the top of the mountain from either side. It is in good condition and presents a most attractive route, passing through a section of beautiful scenery and towering mountains. From Tower Falls, as has been previously stated, connecting trails can be found reaching the north boundary by the way of Slough Creek and the trail on the north bank of the Lamar and Yellowstone Rivers back to Gardiner. * - - - The traveler by horse, or the camper, need not confine himself to the trails here described, as there are many directions in which he can go if he will do some pioneer work. These notes are merely intended to give a general view of the leading trails in an extensive system which is being developed from year to year. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs. The most important geysers and springs are listed below. [Based upon observations, season 1917.] t $ - - NORRTS. BASIN. Name. *:::::: Duration of ruption. intºn Remarks. 4 Feet Black Growler. --------|----------|---------------...... ºl------------------------ Steam vent only. Constant--------------- 15–35 | 5 to 15 seconds. . . . . . 20 to 55 seconds. -- - - - - Congress Pool----------|----------|----------------------|------------------------ Large boiling spring. Echinus----------...--- 30 3 minutes. - - - - - - - - - - 45 to 50 minutes....... merald Pool----------|----------|------- ---------------|------------------------ Beautiful hot spring. Hurricane.............. 6–8 |......... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Continuous. - - 15 to 30 seconds..... 1 to 3 minutes--------. Sometimes quiet for - long periods. 6 minutes........... Irregular-------------. 1 to 4 minutes....... 2 to 5 minutes......... 15 to 60 minutes..... Irregular..... ----...-- 10 Seconds........ --. ----do----------------- Near Constant Geyser. LOWER BASIN. Black Warrior.........l.......... Continuous----------|------------------------ Small but interestin White Dome-..... . . . . . 10 | 1 minute --------...- | 40 to 60 minutes.------ geysers. - Clepsydra---------...-. 10–40 | Few seconds. . . . . . . . 3 minutes-------------|. Fountain Geyser....... 75 10 minutes.......... Irregular------------ * * Firehole Lake----------|----------|----------------------|------------------------ Beculiar phenomena. Great Fountain. . . . . . . . 75–150 45 to 60 minutes.... - 8 to 12 hours. . . . . . . . . . Spouts 4 or 5 times. Mammoth Paint Pots............l............... -------|------------------------ Basin of boiling clay. Excelsior--------------. 200–300 || About 3 hour.....T.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I. Ceased playing in 1888. Prismatic Lake....... - Size about 250 by 400 - feet; remarkable col- oring. * * * Turquoise Spring... Alº 100 feet in diam- eter. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Prominent geysers and spring 3–Continued. UPPER BASIN. Name. Hº! Duration of eruption. intº€ºn. Remarks. Feet. - Artemisia-------------- 59 24 to 30 hours. - - - - - - - - Varies. Atomizer--------------- 2 - Bee Hive......... -----. 200 3 to 5 times at 12-hour intervals ing Giantess. f - Cascade----------------|----------|---------------------------------------------- Quiet again. Castle------------------ 50–75 24 to 26 hours.......--| Quiet 4 to 7 days, then - plays 3 or 4 times at • w intervals stated. Cub, large-------------. Af With Lioness......... Short chimneys to Cub, Small---- -- 10–30 24 hours--------------. Lion and Lioness. Daisy....... - 70 85 to 90 minutes----...-- © - Economic. - - - - - 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Seldom in eruption. Fan-------------------- 15–25 Irregular-------------. Giant------------------ 200–250 6 to 14 days. ... ------- Giantess--------------- 150–200 Irregular, 5 to 40 days. }rnnd ... 2 Irregular, 1 to 2 days--| Frequent during 1915. Grotto----------------. 20–30 2 to 5 hours. -----...-- • ewel------------------ 5– 5 minutes------------- Lion------------------- 50–60 About 2 to 4 minutes | Irregular............ -- Uºy 2 to 17 times a ay. Lioness---------------- 80–100 || About 10 minutes do Played once in 1910 - once in 1912, an - once early in 1914. Mortar----------------- 30 l 4 to 6 minutes-------|- - - - - 0------ - - - - - - - - - - - blong----------------- 20-40 || 7 minutes. --- - - - - - - - 8 to 15 hours - - - - - - - - - - Old Taithful. s --------- 120–170 || 4 minutes----------- 65 to 80 minutes------. Usual interval 75 min- Riverside... ------.----- 80–100 | 15 minutes.......... 6 hours---------------- Very regular. Sawmill---------------- 20–35 | 1 to 3 hours- - - - - - - - - Irregular-------------- TJsually 5 to 8 times a ay. Spasmodic ------------- 4 | 20 to 60 minutes-----|----. do----------------- tºy 1 to 4 times a ay. Splendid-------- * * * * * * * - 200 10 minutes. ---------4------------------------ Not played since 1892. Turban---------------- 20-40 || 10 minutes to 3 hours. Irregular - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Notable springs.-Black Sand S Pool, Morning Glory, Punch Bowl, Sponge, Sunset Lake. NOTES ON FISH. pring (about 55 by 60 feet), Chinaman, Emerald Blackspotted O?” cutthroat trout (Salmo Clarkii).-Native to man ark waters. Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and Yel- owstone Lake from Pacific slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. Whitefish (Coregonus c below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. in Yellowstone River above the falls, Grayling (Thymallus Ontariensis Montanus).-Native to Madison and Gallatin Rivers and branches. - Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontanalis).--Planted. Loch Leven trout (Salmo Trutti levensis).-Planted. Von Behr (German brown) trout-(Salmo Fario).--P Rainbow trout (Salmo Irideus).-Planted. Lake trout (Cristivomer Namaycush).-Planted. Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been heard from, since they were planted. lupeiformis).-Native to Yellowstone River Planted lanted. ſp., YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 51, - wild ANIMALs. - ºf Wild elk, deer, and antelope are numerous in the park; and moose, bison, mountain sheep, black, brown and grizzly bears, wolves, coy- otes, mountain lions, and the smaller fur-bearing animals are found. Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near all hotels and º and occasionally elsewhere; but most of the other wild animals live high up in the mountains or in remote parts of the park during the summer, and tourists who see more than occasional deer and coyotes and the antelope which frequent the valley near Gardiner may consider themselves fortunate unless they are willing to take the time to visit their summer habitats. Then, with care, they may see many. - In winter, elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. . . The following data on the maramals of the º have been collected. and prepared for publication by Mr. Vernon Bailey of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture: - - - Order UNGULATA: Gattle, sheep, goats, Antelopes, and Deer. Family BowTo...E: Cattle, Sheep, and Geats. Bison or Buffalo.—Bison bison bison (Linnaeus).-At the present time there are two buffalo herds in the perk, known as the tame herd and the wild herd. The tame herd has increased from 20 animals, introduced in 1902, to 289 in April, 1917. During the winter this herd is kept under fence at the buffalo ranch on Lamar River below the mouth of Soda Butte Creek, where the animals are fed on hay. In summer they are driven up the Lamar River where they spend most of the season in the valley of Calfee Creek. The wild herd is a remnant of the native buffalo of the park which summer in the mountains between Yellowstone Lake and the upper Lamar River, and winter in the valley of Pelican Creek. During the summer of ‘1912, 37 animals were counted in this herd; in 1914, 38; and in the spring of 1917, 67 were reported. - • Mountain sheep.–Gvis canadensis canadensis Shaw.—Mountain sheep occupy most of the higherranges in the Yellowstone Park during summer and come down into the lower walleys and canyons before the jº. of winter. In 1907, 200 were estimated within the area. f the park by the park scouts and about 70 were fed hay along the road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. . During the winter of 1910–11 about 60 were counted along this part of the road and 150 were reported on the Buffalo Plateau, near Tower Falls, and on Mount Everts. HDuring the spring of 1916, 46 sheep were counted along the Gardiner River Canyon and on the slopes of Mount Ewerts; 44 on Specimen Ridge and along the Yellowstone-Eiver below the Grand Canyon; 17 on Mount Norris; and a few on Junction. Butte and the Buffalo Plateau; but the actual number of individuals was, not determined with any degree of accuracy. It is probable that there are not more than 200 sheep in the park at the present time. In winter they are among the tarnest of the wild animals and often 52 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, * allow teams to pass within a few feet, and even pedestrians with cameras to approach within a short distance as they feed on the hay that has been scattered for them along the roads. & [Mountain Goat.—Oream?os montanus missoulae Allen.—Mountain goats have been reported from the Teton Mountains and Yellowstone Park, but there is no authentic record of their occurrence nearer to the park than the Bitterroot Mountains in western Montana and the Lost River Mountains in Idaho.] - Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE: Prong-horned Antelope. Prong-horned Antelope.—Antilocapra americana americana (Ord).- Antelope are still common in the northern part in the open valleys of the Yellowstone, Gardiner, and Lamar Rivers in summer; but with the first heavy snows they drift down into the Gardiner Valley, where they spend the winter between Mount Everts and the fence along the northern line of the park. About 2,000 antelope were esti- mated in the park herd during the winter of 1910 and 500 during the spring of 1916. In April most of the antelope scatter out over the higher valleys for their summer range, where the young are born and raised, but a few always remain in the Gardiner Valley, where they form one of the interesting features of animal life along the stage road or in the alfalfa patch in front of the town. . Family CERVIDAE: Moose, Elk, and Deer. - Yellowstone Moose.—Alces americanus shirasi. Nelson.--During the summer of 1910 Hon. George Shiras, 3d, estimated the number of moose in the upper Yellowstone Valley at 1,500, basing his esti- mate on about 300 individuals which He counted and the general abundance of the animal over that part of the park. There are a few along the Lamar River and its tributaries and across the southern art of the park, and they are occasionally seen along its western É. They keep mainly within the forest and thickets, so that their numbers are not easily ascertained, but evidently they are increasing in abundance. They may be seen along almost any of the trails in the southern part of the park, and a day's trip with a boat from the hotel points on Yellowstone Lake may be made into the very heart of the best moose country. American Elk, or Wapiti.-Cervus canadensis canadensis Erx- leben.—At certain times elk occupy the Yellowstone Park in great numbers, but with these gregarious and migratory animals any state- ment of the actual numbers within the park limits must be modified according to season and conditions. In winter the numbers may run below 10,000 and in summer as high as 30,000. During the spring elk drift back toward the higher mountains where they spend most of the midsummer near or above timberline. The herds gather into these elevated areas from all directions, but as soon as the Snows of autumn begin to fall they start on their annual journey to the lower country, and in a winter of deep snow a great part of the animals leave the park. Large numbers usually winter in the Yellowstone and Gardiner River valleys, and a few small herds and especially the old bulls remain scattered through many of the middle valleys of the park where they are able to paw through deep snow for sufficient grass to carry them through the winter. During the tourist season * * ‘YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 53 but few elk are seen along the roads, as they are mostly in the high . mountains at that time, but some may usually be seen on Mount Washburn or in Sylvan Pass. Side trips may easily be made from: the north end of Yellowstone Lake to the summer elk range, and considerable numbers of the animals seen in a single day's trip. . They may be seen also on the mountains west of Mammoth Hot Springs, and on Specimen Ridge. In autumn they are often driven down to the vicinity of the roads by early snows before the park season closes, and during the winter they sometimes congregate in large numbers along the roads from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs where hay is distributed for them in times of need. N Mule Deer.—Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque).-Themule deer (erroneously called blacktail) are common, and in summer are º distributed over the park. In winter they drift to the ower levels and several hundred sometimes congregate in the valley along the Gardiner and Yellowstone rivers. They become very tame around Fort Yellowstone and along the road where they are fed hay with the other animals during the time of deep snows. The very large ears and small white tails with black tips and the white rump patches distinguish the mule deer from the small eared and bushy tailed white-tail deer. - White-tail Deer.—Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafines- que).-The white-tail deer are comparatively scarce in the park and much morelimited in range than the mule deer. ... There are a consider- able number, however, along the Gardiner River and about Yanceys, and in summer a few extend back into the park as far as the north end of Yellowstone Lake. There are also a few in the Snake River - Valley at the southern entrance of the park. One hundred individuals have been estimated in the park during the winter when many come down to the feeding grounds for a share of the hay that is being dis- tributed for deer, elk, and sheep. During the summer they hide in the thickets and forest and are not often seen, but in winter they are conspicuous and tame along the roads where they are feeding. Order RODENTIA: Gnawing Animals. Family SCIURIDAE.: Squirrels, Chipmunks, Woodchucks, and Prairie-Dogs. - Pine Squirrel.-Sciurus hudsonicus ventorum (Allen).-These little reddish brown tree squirrels are abundant throughout all the forest area of the Yellowstone Park and are conspicuous and unafraid in the trees about the hotels and camps and along the roadsides. Their scurry and chatter and scoldings are among the cheerful animal features of the forest. - ~, Flying Squirrel.-Glaucomys Sabrinus bangsi (Rhoads).-These large flying squirrels are common in all of the forest area surrounding the park and undoubtedly over the Fº also, although there are but few reports of their occurrence within the park. They are strictly nocturnal in habits, and, as they glide from tree to tree on their furry membranes with owl-like silence, are rarely observed even where common. . -- - Yellow-bellied Chipmunk.-Eutamias luteiventris (Allen.)—This is the abundant little striped chipmunk, seen throughout most of the park along the roads and trails and around the camp sites where they 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. gather scattered grain and crumbs. In places they do some mischief if food and grain are not protected, but º: of importance com- pared with the interest and pleasure which they afford the sight- seeing public. The absence of cats and dogs from the park allows such little animals to become quite fearless and they can often be sº at close quarters without being nervous or unnatural in their abits. º Largo-tailed Chipmunk.-Eutamias umbrinus (Allen).--—A few of these larger, bushy-tailed chipmunks have been seen along the Cooke City stage road between Gardiner River bridge and Undine Falls where they live in the edge of the forest and often sit on the rocky walls which support the road grade. They probably occupy other low areas in the northern part of the park, but this seems to be the only place where they have been observed. No specimens were obtained, but the animals were evidently the same as those collected in Montana a little farther west. - ~ Little Sagebrush Chipmunk-Eutamiasconsobrinusclarus (Bailey).-- These little gray chipmunks have been observed in Swan Lake valley running on the ground among the scattered sagebrush, and speci- mens collected in 1917 show them to be a gray form of consobrinus, closely resembling pictus of the Great Basin region. They have recently been described under the name here used. Mantled Ground Squirrel.-Callospermophilus lateralis cinerascens (Merriam).-While these little animals are generally called chip- munks, they are in fact a small ground squirrel with the broad stripes arranged º: the sides instead of over the back. They have a heavier build and shorter ears than the chipmunks and in habits are more restricted to the ground or logs and rocks. They are generall distributed over the park region and may be seen along the . sides, in woods or on rocks, or around camps and hotels, where they become very familiar. > Rennicott Ground Squirrel.-Citellus armatus (Kennicott).-These little, dark gray ground squirrels, or picket-pins, are often erroneously called gophers, but they belong to the squirrel family and live in burrows in the ground in open country. They are abundant all over the valleys of the northern part of the park, along the Yellowstone Gardiner, Lamar, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte Creek valleys, and in Hayden Valley and Norris Geyser. Basin. . Their numbers are legion and their shrill little trill may be heard on all sides as one passes through parks and meadows. Woodchuck; Golden-mantled Marmot.— Marmota flaviventris moso- phora (Howell).--The woodchucks, rockchucks, or groundhogs, as the are variously called, are among the abundant and interesting sma mammals of the park mainly in open or rocky situations. They are rarely found in dense forest, but make their homes among rocks or around old logs and stumps and are usually seen sitting up on guard watching for their numerous enemies. At Mammoth Hot Springs and Yanceys they are especially common and tame, allowing visitors to come within a short distance and aften to secure good photographs. Black-tailed Prairie-dog.—Cynomys ludovicianus ludovicianus (Ord).-There are no p.º actually within the Yellowstone Park, but an extensive colony of these interesting little relatives of the ground squirrels is located along both sides of the railroad near the station of Emigrant, between Gardiner and Livingston, and every f YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK: - 55 visitor to the park going in or out at the north entrance has a good opportunity to see them if the train passes through the dog-town on a sunshiny day. - Family MURIDAE: Mice and Rats. Bushy-tailed Woodrat.—Neotoma cinerea cinerea (Ord).-Wood- rats, pack rats, or trade rats, as they are variously called, are common in the rocks and broken cliffs along the Gardiner and lower Yellow- stone and Lamar River valleys in the open country, but they seem not to be generally distributed over the park. As they are strictly nocturnal animals they are rarely seen, but their presence may be detected in the little caves and openings in the rocks by sticks and rubbish piles which they have built up about their dens, and by their musky odor, and the various signs which they leave to indicate their resence. Occasionally they get into camps and cabins and do some amage to food and supplies and furnish material for fabulous stories of their commercial habits. -- - House Mouse.-Mus musculus (Linnaeus).-This introduced mouse has become well established in the homes and stables at Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs and possibly at some of the hotels and camps in the park, but fortunately it is not yet so common as to be a serious . est. Grasshopper Mouse.—Onychomys leucogaster missouriensis (And. and Bach.). --This interesting little insect-eating rodent has been reported from the park, but no specimens have been obtained, and there is no evidence of its presence other than that it occupies similar country a little farther down the Yellowstone River. H. will probably be ºfound in the sagebrush in the Gardiner River valley, however, where conditions are suitable for it. * * White-footed Mouse. — Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae (Rhoads).--These mice have been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and near the mouth of the Lamar River and are undoubtedly abund- ant over most of the park region. They are nocturnal in habits and are rarely seen unless disturbed from their nests among the rocks or in hollow trees or buildings. . They are bright, pretty little animals, with interesting habits, although at times they do some mischief in the camps and cabins. - - Mountain Lemming Mouse.—Phenacomys orophilus (Merriam).-A specimen of this rare little ground mouse was taken at Tower Falls in 1894, and as the species occupies the surrounding mountain country it probably covers the park in scattered colonies, but is nowhere abundant. Red-backed Mouse.—Evotomys gapper galei (Merriam).—A speci- men of this little red-backed mouse was collected at Tower Falls in 1894, and, as it is a species occupying the surrounding country, it is undoubtedly common throughout the forested area of the park. Saguache Meadow Mouse.—Microtus pennsylvanicus modestus (Baird):-Two specimens from Mammoth Hot Springs and one from Lower Geyser Basin indicate a general range of this dusky meadow mouse over the open areas of the park. - Little Mountain Meadow Mouse.— Microtus manus manus (Mer- riam).--A specimen of this little gray meadow mouse was picked up by Col. Roosevelt in the Lower Geyser Basin in 1903 and sent to the Biological Survey for identification. Specimens have also been taken 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Lake, and on Mist Creek, and runways and burrows and winter nests are abundant in every little meadow and grassy park throughout the higher elevations of the Te01OIl. - #y Mountain Meadow Mouse.--—Microtus mordaz mordaz (Mer- riam).--Specimens of these long-tailed meadow mice have been taken near Tower Falls and Mammoth Hot Springs, and as they are abund- ant along every stream and in every meadow throughout the moun- tain region surrounding the park, they unquestionably occur also throughout this area. Large-footed Meadow Mouse. — Microtus richardsoni macropus (Mer- riam).--Specimens of the largest of all the western meadow mice have been taken close to the northwest and southwest corners of the park, and their big runways and characteristic signs are seen along many of the streams in the park. Muskrat-Fiber eibethicus osoyoosensis (Lord).-Muskrats are not abundant, but a few have been seen in the streams and ditches near Gardiner and in many of the lakes and ponds and streams over the g; They seem to be generally distributed in the quiet waters. ome large muskrat houses may be seen close to the stage road in the marsh in Swan Lake valley. * Family CASTORIDAE: Beavers. Beaver.—Castor canadensis canadensis (Kuhl).-Beavers are more or less abundant in most of the streams, and in many places their houses and dams are an interesting feature of the wild life of the park. They are perhaps most in evidence along Obsidian Creek, where, for. a long distance, their dams and houses are close to the stage road, and occasionally in the morning or evening hours the animals are seen swimming about or working at their dams. Family ZAPODIDAE : Jumping Mico. Jumping Mouse.—Zapus princeps princeps (Allen).-These long- tailed, long-legged jumping mice are often seen in the meadows and º country throughout the park. Although mainly nocturnal, they are often j by day in their grassy nests on the surface of the ground and go bounding away in long leaps through the grass, but if stealthily approached can usually be caught in the hands, Family ERETHIZONTIDAE: Porcupines. Yellow - haired Porcupine.-Erethizon epizanthum epia anthum. (Brandt).--Porcupines are occasionally found in any part of the Yel- lowstone Park, but are usually not numerous and not often seen. More often their presence is made known by the trees from which they have peeled the bark for food. - Family GEOMYIDAE: Pocket Gophers. – 4 Brown Pocket Gopher.—Thomomys fuscus fuscus (Merriam).-Little mounds of earth may be seen scattered over the meadows and open areas in all parts of the park, but the animals making-them work YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 57 Sl almost entirely below the surface and are very rarely seen, unless a glimpse of one is obtained as he pushes the earth up from below, and then securely closes the doorway to his underground tunnel. By patient watching, the habits of pocket gophers may be studied at close range and some of the interesting details of their life history observed. • Order LAGOMORPHA: Conies and Rabbits. . Family OCHOTONIDAE: Conies. Cony.—Ochotona princeps (Richardson).--These tiny rabbitlike animals are common in rocky places and especially in extensive masses of slide rock along the base of cliffs at many places in the park. Along the Obsidian Cliffs and in Spring Creek Canyon they may be seen and heard close to the road in the slide rock, and late in sum- mer their little stacks of hay can usually be found among the rocks. Just south of Lewis Lake another colony is located in the slide rock close to the roadside along Astor Creek, where they may be seen and heard by passers-by. At Yanceys they live in the broken rock with the woodchucks just back of the old stage barn. ^ Family LEPORIDAE: Rabbits and Hares. Cottontail Rabbit.—Sylvilagus muttalli grangeri (Allen).-Cotton- tails are abundant in the sagebrush near Gardiner, but they do not extend back over the higher parts of the park. Snowshoe Rabbit.—Lepus bairdi bairdi (Hayden).-Common in all the timbered area of the region but rarely seen, as in summer they are of the brown color of dead pine needles and in winter as white as the drifted snow over which they scamper along their trails through the pine woods. - - Prairie Jack Rabbit.—Lepus townsendi campanius (Hollister).- These big jack rabbits are common in the northern edge of the park, extending up the valleys to Mammoth Hot Springs, Blacktail Basin, Yanceys, and the Lamar River valley. While not numerous, the are often seen in the summer with their gray coat and big white tail, and in winter they hop about the grounds at Fort Yellowstone in their pure white winter coats and are comparatively tame. Order CARNIVORA: Flesh Eaters. Family FELIDAE: Cats. Mountain Lion.-Felis hippolestes (Merriam).-These most destruc- "tive of the predatory animals in the park have been hunted and destroyed until at the present time there are comparatively few remaining. . A small number are still to be found within the park, however, where they continually destroy the game animals such as elk, deer, and mountain sheep. Canada Lynx,−Lyma canadensis (Kerr).-A few of these big cats are found scattered over the timbered area of the park where they feed largely on Snowshoe rabbits, but where also they are suspected of T. destroying much game in the way of young elk, deer, and sheep. 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Bobcat.—Lynx uinta (Merriam).-A few bobcats are found at the lower levels near the northern edge of the park, especially in the rough country along the Yellowstone and Lamar Rivers. Fortu- nately they do not range over the higher parts of the park and their destruction of game is confined to a limited area. f Family CANIDAE: Dogs, Wolves, and Foxes. Gray Wolf.-Canis mubilus (Say).--These big wolves, although not . resent in great numbers, are º numerous to cause the ãº, of much game. They follow the elk herds back into the mountains in summer and return with them in winter to the lower levels, especially the Lamar and lower Yellowstone Valleys and Black- tail and Hellroaring regions. They are great wanderers and quickly seek fresh hunting grounds, if jº.or if game becomes scarce in their accustomed haunts. ge - Coyote.—Canis latrans (Say).-Coyotes are abundant throughout the park, especially in the open areas, but their tracks may be found O]] ſº trails through forest areas as they pass from one opening to another of their favorite hunting º Hundreds have been killed in the park for the protection of game animals, but their num- bers are still sufficient to form a serious check on the increase of many SOéC16S. * "ºtain Red Fox. → Vulpes ſº macrourus (Baird).-Foxes are occasionally seen in the park, but they are by no means numerous. They are apparently scattered over the whole area and occasionally one is seen or its characteristic tracks observed in the trails and roads. Most of those seen are the red, or cross foxes, but the silver and black varieties have been reported. These, however, are only colored forms of the same species. - - Family MUSTELIDAE: Otters, Martens, Minks, Weasels, etc. Otter.—Lutra canadensis canadensis (Schreber).--Otters are common along many of the streams and lakes throughout the park, especially along the Lewis River and along the edges and tributaries of Yellow- stone Lake. They are also found along the Lamar and lower Yellow- stone Rivers and on Hellroaring Creek. Mink.-Lutreola lutreocephala (Harlan).--—A few minks are found in the park along the streams, especially at the lower levels, but they are not very common. - Arizona Weasel.— Mustela arizonensis (Mearns).--Weasels are fairly common throughout the Yellowstone Valley in the northern part of the park and probably over the whole region. . They are occasionally seen in the summer brown coat, hunting for ground squirrels and mice in the meadows, and in winter their tracks are often seen over the snowfields and occasionally the white-coated animals come into camps and cabins, and become very tame if not molested. - t 1 & Least Weasel.-Mustela cicognani leptus (Merriam).—A little wea- sel is reported as occasionally seen in the park, and some very small tracks are seen on the snow, but no specimens have been taken for positive identification. . . . . . * YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK. 59 States. Those which come to feed on the garba / Marten.— Martes americana caurina (Merriam).-Martens are especially common in much of the timbered area of the park, where - they are occasionally seen along the trails and where their tracks in winter are more common than those of the mink or weasel. Fisher.—Martes pennanti (Erxleben).--This is a rare animal in any part of the United States, and apparently there is but one record for the Yellowstone Park. This is based on a skin taken from poachers by º Anderson and recorded by Seton (Wild Animals at Home," . 225). * - p Wolverine,—Gulo luscus (Linnaeus).-Tracks of wolverines are occasionally seen in the park, and trappers around the borders obtain more specimens, than in any other part of the United States. The P. evidently serves as a breeding and recruiting ground which has ept this interesting and rare animal from local extermination. Northern Skunk.-Mephitis hudsonica (Richardson).--Skunks are common in the lower parts of the park area, especially in the valleys of the Yellowtone and Gardiner Rivers and are occasionally met with in the interior basins. Badger.—Taxidea taſºus (Schreber).-Badgers are especially abun- dant in the low valleys along the Yellowstone River and its tributaries in the northern part of the park, but they are also found scattered throughout the open areas over most of the higher parts. As usual, they are concentrated where the ground squirrels are most abundant and their favorite food easily obtained. * * Family PROCYoMIDAE: Raccoons. Raccoon.—Procyon lotor lotor (Linnaeus).--Raccoons have been reported in the park, but I have been unable to find any evidence of their presence even along the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, where they would be most likely to occur. They are found farther down the Yellowstone River and may at times extend up into the edge of S the park. Family URSIDAE: Bears. Black and Cinnamon Bears.- Ursus americanus (Pallas).-Black and cinamon bears are especially common in the park, where they gather about the hotels and camps and feed, on the garbage that is thrown out. Ten or a dozen of these bears, of various shades from light brown to glossy black, are often seen feeding at a garbage pile during the early evening or morning hours, and sometimes 20 or 30 gather at a time at one favorite heap. They are generally distributed throughout the forest over the park and apparently many of them do not come to the hotels, but remain as wild bears subsisting on such food as the forest affords. - Grizzly Bear; Silvertip.- Ursus horribilis (Ord).-While much less numerous than the blacks, the grizzly bears are still more com- mon in the Yellowstone Park than in any other part of the United ge probably represent but a small proportion of the numbers scattered over the park area, but often from two or three to seven or eight may be seen at a time. Their tracks and unmistakable signs are found throughout the forests, and in summer over the tops of §. high ridges near or above timber- line; and many are killed around the borders of the park when they wander outside. 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. • Order INSECTIVORA: Insect; Eaters. Family SORICIDAE: Shrews. Dusky Shrew.—Sorex obscurus obscurus (Merriam).-Afew specimens of this shrew have been taken in the park, and it is probably the com- monest of the several species that occur there. They are so small and secretive in their habits, however, that few are ever seen unless sys- tematic search for them is made. - * k Masked Shrew.—Sorea, personatus personatus (I., Geoffroy).--A specimen of this tiny shrew was collected on Mountain Creek in the southeastern part of the park by P. Holt in February, 1904. It is tº ſound in surrounding country and probably occurs all over the 8.T.R. - p Water Shrew.—Neosorew navigator navigator (Baird), -Specimens taken at Mammouth Hot Springs and others on different sides indicate that this aquatic shrew inhabits the whole park region, as it does most of the Rocky Mountain country. It is H. largest of the shrews of the region and may occasionally be seen darting about in the water with great skill in pursuit of its insect prey. Order CHIROPTERA: Bats Family VESPERTILIONIDAE: Bats. Long-eared Bat.-Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens(Miller).-These large, dark colored bats with long ears are usually found hanging in clusters on the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, a warm cave just .# of Mammouth Hot Springs, and they are probably one of the common bats seen flying in the evening about Mammouth Hot Springs and Gardiner. It is doubtful if they occur at any higher levels, however, as they are a southern species, reaching their northern limit at this point. ga - Yellowstone Bat.-Myotis carissima (Thomas),--These little dusky bats with gray edges to the tail membranes may be found during the Summer months clinging by hundreds to the walls of the Devil's Ritchen, and probably are the most abundant small bats seen flying at dusk about Mammouth Hot Springs and Gardiner. The first known specimen of this bat was c. at Yellowstone Take, and the species probably has a considerable range over the park region. Brown Bat-Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois).-No specimens of this large brown bat have been collected in the park, but many of the individuals seen flying about in the evening over the higher levels are of its size and general appearance and undoubtedly belong to the species, which is common throughout the general region. Silver-haired Bat.-Lasionycteris noctivgus (Le Conte).-These large, almost black, bats have been reported from observation as they flew about through the timbered areas in the park, but no speci- mens have been collected for positive identification. Hoary Bat.-Nycteris cinerea (Beauvois).-A few very large bats seen flying at dusk in the forest areas of the park undoubtedly belong to this large Boreal species, although no specimens have been obtained, owing to the danger of disturbing larger game by shooting. withing the park. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 61 -h f BIRDS. Many varieties of song birds are found in the park in summer, though they can hardly be said to be numerous. , Ducks, geese, and other waterfowl are quite numerous and tame, and many of them are Seen in winter as well as in Summer in streams that are fed by hot springs and consequently never freeze. The following data on the birds of the park have been collected and prepared for publication by Mr. M. P. Skinner. . . . -> pecies marked with an asterisk (*) have been previously recorded from Yellowstone Park. - order PYGOPODEs. Diving Birds. Family ColyMBIDAE. Grebes. Western Grebe. Æchmophorus occidentalis. Uncommon migrant. *Horned Grebe. Colymbus auritus. Rare migrant. - * eared Grebe. Colymbus migricollis californicus. Common summer resident. *Pied-billed Grebe. Podilymbus podiceps. Migrant; not common. Family GAVIIDAE. Loons. Loon. Gavia immer. Rare migrant. ** - Order LONGIPENNES. Long-Winged Swimmers. Family LARIDAE. Gulls and Terns. California Gull. Larus californicus. Common summer resident. *Ring-billed Gull. Larus delawarensis. Summer resident; common. Bonaparte Gull. Larus philadelphia. Rare migrant. - *Black Tern. Hydrochelidon migra surinamensis. Rare migrant. Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers. Family Petroasidae. Pelicans. . *White Pelican. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. Abundant summer resident. Order AN SER.E.S. Lamellirostral Swimmers. Family ANATIDAE. Ducks, Geese, and Swans. *American Merganser. Mergus americanus. Common summer resident. Red-breasted Merganser. Mergus serrator. Occasional migrant. *Mallard. Anas platyrhyncha. Abundant resident. . Gadwall. Chaulelasmus streperus. Common summer resident. Baldpate. Mareca americana. Rare migrant. - Green-winged Teal. Nettion carolimense. Common summer resident. *Blue-winged Teal. Querquedula discors. Abundant summer resident. Cinnamon Teal. Querquedula cyanoptera. Occasional summer resident. Shoveller. Spatula clypeata. Common summer resident. *Pintail. Dafila acuta. Rare migrant. *Wood Duck. Aic sponsa. Rare summer resident. Redhead. Marila americana. Common migrant. Canvas-back. Marila valisineria. Not common migrant. Scaup Duck. Marila marila. Common migrant. Lesser Scaup, Duck. Marila affinis. Common summer resident. American Golden-eye. Clangula clangula americana. Abundant migrant, Barrow Golden-eye. Clangula islandica. Resident. *Bufflehead. Charitonetta albeola. Common migrant. Harlequin Duck. Histrionicus. Rare migrant. 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Scoter. Oidemia americana. - Rare migrant. - *White-winged Scoter. Oidemia deglandi. Rare migrant. - Ruddy Duck. Erismatura jamaicensis. Common summer resident. *Snow Goose. Chen hyperborea. Occasional migrant. *Canada Goose. Branta canadensis canadensis. Abundant resident. Hutchins Goose. Branta camdensis hutchinsi. Rare migrant. *Whistling Swan. Olor columbianus. Common migrant. *Trumpeter Swan. Olor buccinator. Rare migrant. Order HERODIONES. Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. Family ARDEIDAE. Herons, Bitterns, etc. - *Great Blue Heron. Ardea herodias herodias. Tolerably common summer resident. Black-crowned Night Heron. Nycticorac mycticorax: naevius. Rare migrant, order PALUDICoEAE. Cranes, Rails, etc. Family GRUIDAE. Cranes. Whooping Crane. Grus americana. Very rare migrant. *Sandhill Crane. Grus mea:icana. Rare migrant. - Family RALLIDAE. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. Coot. Fulica americana. Abundant summer resident. * Order LIMICOIL.A.E. Shore Birds. Family PHALAROPODIDAE. Phalaropes. Northern Phalarope. Lobipes lobatus. Rare fall migrant. Wilson Phalarope. Steganopus tricolor. Common Summer resident. Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE. Avocets and Stilts. *American Avocet. Recurvirostra americana. Rare migrant. Family SCOLOPACIDAE. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. *Wilson Snipe. Gallinago delicata. Occasional summer resident. *Baird Sandpiper. Pisobia bairdii. Tolerably common migrant. Least Sandpiper. Pisobia minutilla. Occasional fall migrant. *Greater Yellow-legs. Totamus melanoleucus... Rare migrant. *Yellow-legs. Totamus flavipes. Migrant; not common. *Western Solitary Sandpiper. Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus. Rare migrant. *Western Willet. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inormatus. Rare migrant, *Spotted Sandpiper. Actitis macularia. Abundant summer resident. Long-billed Curlew. Numenius americanus. Rare migrant. Family CHARADRIIDAE. Plovers. *Killdeer. Oayechus vociferus vociferus. Abundant summer resident. order GALLINAE. Gallinaceous Birds. Family TETRAONIDAE. Grouse, etc. Franklin Grouse. Canachites franklinii. Rare resident. *Richardson Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii. Common resident. *Gray Ruffed Grouse. Bonasa wºmbellus wºmbelloides. Common resident. Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pediocétes phasianellus columbianus. Rare resi. Sage Grouse. Centrocercus wrophasianus. Rare resident. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 63 Order COLUMBAE. Pigeons. Family Columb|DAE. Pigeons. "Wºº Mourning Dove. Zenaidura maeroura marginella. Common summer resident. - - Order RAPITOR.E.S. Birds of Prey. Family BUTEONIDAE. Hawks, Eagles, Kites, etc. *Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Abundant summer resident. *Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter veloc.” Common summer resident. Cooper Hawk. Accipiter cooperii. Occasional summer resident. Western Goshawk. Astur atricapillus striatulus. Occasional visitor. *Western Red-tail. Buteo borealis calurus. Common summer resident. *Swainson Hawk. Buteo swainsomi. Common summer resident. *Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis. Rare migrant. Ferruginous Rough-leg. Archibuteo ferrugineus. Rare summer, resident. *Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Rare resident. *Bald Eagle. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Qccasional summer resident. * - Family FALconidAE. Falcons, etc. Prairie Falcon. Falco meaticanus. Rare summer resident. *Duck Hawk. Falco peregrinus amatum. Rare summer resident. *Pigeon Hawk. Falco columbarius columbarius. Rare migrant. *Desert Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius phalaemo. Abundant summer resident. , Family PANDIONIDAE. Ospreys. *Osprey. Pandion haliaentus curolinensis. Common summer resident. Family STRIGIDAE. Horned Owls, etc. *Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Rare resident. Short-eared Owl. Asio flammeus. Not common migrant. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. Otus asio maxwelliae. Rare resident. *Western Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Common resident. *American Hawk Owl. Surmia ulula caparoch. Occasional. ' Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium gnoma pinicola. Occasional resident. Order COGGYGES. Cuckoos, etc. Family ALCEDINIDAE. Kingfishers. *Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon dison. Common summer resident. Order PICI. Woodpeckers, etc. Family PICIDAE. Woodpeckers. º Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus monticola. Common resi- ent. *Batchelder Woodpecker. Dryobates pubescens homorus. Resident; not common. *Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Rare resident. .*Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides americanius dorsalis. Rare resident. Red-naped Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius muchalis. Common summer resident. *Williamson Sapsucker. Sphurapicus t idews. Common summer resident, *Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Uncommon summer resi- dent. *Lewis Woodpecker. Asyndesmus lewisi. Common summer resident. . *Red-shafted Flicker. Colaptes cafer collaris. Abundant summer resident. 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Order MACRoCHIREs. Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc. Family CAPRIMUL.GIDAE. Goatsuckers. *Western Nighthawk. Chordeiles virginianus hesperis. Common summer resident. - - Family MICROPODIDAE. Swifts. “white-throated Swift. Aeronautus melanoleucus. Occasional summer resident. Family TRochſlidae. Hummingbirds. Rufous Hummingbird. Selasphorus rufus. Rare summer resident. - *Calliope Hummingbird. Stellula calliope. Occasional summer resident. order PASSEREs. Perching Birds. Family TYRANNIDAE. Tyrant flycatchers. *Kingbird. Tyrannus tyrannus. Occasional summer resident. *Arkasnas Kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis. Occasional summer resident. Say Phoebe. Sayormis sayus. Occasional summer resident. *Olive-sided Flycatcher. Nattallornis borealis. Common summer resident. *Western Wood Pewee. Myiochanes richardsonii richardsonii. Occasional summer resident. - Western Flycatcher. Empidomac difficilis difficilis. Common summer resident, *Traill Flycatcher. Empidobaç traillii traillii. ... Tolerably common summer resident. Hammond Flycatcher. Empidomaa hammondii. Rare summer resident. Wright Flycatcher. Empidonax, wrightii. Abundant summer resident. Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks. Hoyt Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris hoyti. Rare winter visitant. *Désert Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema. Common summer-resident. if Family. CORVIDAE. Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc. *American Magpie. Pica pica hudsonia. Common resident. *Black-headed Jay. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. Common resident. *Rocky Mountain Jay. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis. Common resident. *American Raven. Corvus coraa, sinuatus. Abundant resident. - *Western Crow. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. Not common summer resident. *Clark Nutcracker. Nucifraga columbiana. Abundant resident. Family ICTERIDAE. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc. *Cowbird. Molothrus ater ater. Rare summer resident. - Yººded Blackbird. Xanthocephalus a.anthocephalus. Occasional summer resident. • . Thick-billed Red-wing. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis. Occasional summer resident. *Western Meadowlark. Sturnella neglecta. Abundant summer resident. *Bullock Oriole. Icterus bullockii bullockii. Summer resident; not common. *Brewer Blackbird. Euphagus cyanocephalus. Abundant summer resident. Family FRINGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, etc. Western Evening Grosbeak. Hesperiphona vespertina montana. Accidental. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. Pinicola enucleator montana. Occasional migrant. *Cassin Purple Finch. Carpodacus cassinii. Common summer resident. *Crossbill. Lozia curvirostra minor. Tolerably common rseident. - White-winged Crossbill. Lozia leucoptera. Rare migrant. - Gººd Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis. Occasional winter resident. - Hepburn Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis. Common winter resident. Black Rosy Finch. Leucosticte atrata. Rare winter visitor. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. 65 Redpoll. Acanthis linaria. Occasional winter visitor. - . . *Pale Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Rare summer resident. *Pine Siskin. Spinus pinws pinus. Abundant summer resident. English Sparrow. Passer domesticus. Common about Fort Yellowstone. Snowflake. Plectrophenaa nivalis nivalis. Rare migrant. - Alaskan Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus alascensis. Rare migrant. *Western Vesper Sparrow. Pooecetes gramineus confinis. Abundant summer resident. Nevada Savannah Sparrow. Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis. Common sum- mer resident. - - - *Western Lark Sparrow. Chondestes grammacus strigatus. Rare summer resident. "Wºwned Sparrow. Zonotrichit leucophrys leucophrys. Abundant summer resident. - - *Gambel Sparrow. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. Common migrant. White-throated Sparrow. Zonotrichia albicollis. Rare migrant. Western Tree Sparrow. Spizella monticola ochracea. Common winter visitant. *Western Chipping Sparrow. Spizella passerina arizonae. Common summer resident. Brewer Sparrow. Spizella breweri. Rare summer resident. Intermediate Junco. Junco hyemalis connectens. Common migrant. Montana Junco. Junco hyemalis montanus. Migrant. - *Pink-sided Junco. Junco hyemalis mearmsi. Abundant summer resident. Gray-headed Junco. Junco phaeonotus caniceps. Rare summer resident. *Mountain Song Sparrow. Melospiza melodia montana. Common summer resident. Lincoln Sparrow. Melospiza lincolnii lincolnii. Common summer resident. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. Passerella iliaca schistacea. Rare summer resident. *Green-tailed Towhee. Oreospiza chlorura. Rare summer resident. *Lazuli Bunting. Passerina amoena. Occasional summer resident. Family TANGARIDAE. Tanagers. *Western Tanager. Piranga ludoviciana. Common summer resident. Family HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows. *Cliff Swallow. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons. Common summer resident. *Barn Swallow. Hirundo erythrogastra. Summer resident; not common. *Tree Swallow. Iridoprocne bicolor. Common summer resident. "Nº Violet-green Swallow. Tachycineta thalassina lepida. Common summer resident. * Bank Swallow. Riparia riparia. Common summer resident. - Rough-winged Swallow. Stelgidopterya, serripennis. Rare summer resident. Family BoMBYCILLIDAE. Waxwings. Bohemian Waxwing. Bombycilla garrula. Occasional migrant. Cedar Waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum. Rare migrant. Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes. Northern Shrike. Lanius borealis. Occasional winter resident. White-rumped Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. Occasional summer resident. Family WIREONIDAE. Vireos. *Western Warbling Vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsonii. Common summer resident. - Family MNIOTILTIDAE. Wood warblers. Nashville Warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis. Accidental. Orange-crowned Warbler. Vermivoa celata celata. Occasional summer resident. *Yellow Warbler. Dendroica aestiva aestiva. Occasional summer resident. Myrtle Warbler. Dendroica coronata. Occasional migrant. *Audubon Warbler. Dendroica auduboni. Abundant summer resident. Townsend Warbler, Dendroica townsendi. Occasional migrant. *Macgillivray Warbler. Oporornis tolmiei. Occasional summer resident. Western Yellowthroat. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis. Common summer resident, *Pileolated Warbler. Wilsonia pusilla piléoata. Common summer resident. 66. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Family MoTACILLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits. *Pipit. Anthus rubescens. Abundant migrant; possibly also a summer resident. Family CINCLIDAE. Dippers. *Dipper. Cinclus mericanus unicolor. Abundant resident. Family MIMIDAE. Thrashers, Mockingbirds, etc. *Sage Thrasher. Oreoscoptes montanus. Common summer resident. *Catbird. Dumetella carolinensis. Rare migrant; possibly summer resident. Family TROGLODYTIDAE. Wrens. *Rock Wren. Salpinetes obsoletus obsoletus. Common resident. *Western House Wren. Troglodytes aedon parkmani. Summer resident; locally COIIllſ ſ10Il. *Western Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Occasional. Family CERTHIDAE. Creepers. *Rocky Mountain Creeper. Certhia familiaris montana. Occasional summer resident. Family SITTIDAE. Nuthatches. *Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni. Rare resident. *Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. Common summer resident. Pygmy Nuthatch. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea. Rare visitor. Family Pakmar. Titmice. *Long-tailed Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus septentrionalis. Rare resident. *Mountain Chickadee. Penthestes gambeli gambeli. Abundant resident. - Family SYLVIIDAE. Kinglets. *Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa olivaceus. Occasional summer resident. - *Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Regulus calendula calendula. Occasional summer resident. Family TURDIDAE. Thrushes, Bluebirds, etc. *Townsend Solitaire. Myadestes townsendii. Common resident. Willow Thrush. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola. Rare summer resident. Olive-backed Thrush. Hylocichla vstulata Swainsoni. Occasional summer resident. Audubon Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Occasional summer resi- dent. -. *Western Robin. Planesticus migratorius propinquus. Abundant summer resident. Western Bluebird. Sialia mezicana occidentalis. Accidental. *Mountain Bluebird. Sialia currucoides. Abundant summer resident. RULES AND REGULATIONS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. (In effect April 15, 1918.) The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public ursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised gº and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), as amended by the act of June 28, 1916 (39 Stat., 238). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public property or the trees, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal and bird or other life, or YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 67. other natural conditions and curiosities in the park, and the riding or driving upon any of the geyser or hot-spring formations, or turning. stock loose to graze in their vicinity, is prohibited. 2. Camping.—No camp will be made at less distance than 100 feet from any traveled road. Blankets, º hammocks, or any other article likely to frighten teams must not be hung near the road. Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season; therefore camp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other débris must be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or cans may not be provided, all refuse must be burned or hidden where it j. be offensive to the eye. Campers may use dead or fallen timber only, for fuel. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they must not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., must be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area considerably larger than that required for the fire. ires no longer needed must be completely extinguished, and ali embers and j smothered with earth or water so that there remains Ilſ)}.}; of reignition. Especial care must be taken that no lighted match, cigar or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves or tree mold. , - 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wildlife of every sort and no one may frighten, hunt or kill, wound or capture any bird or wild animal i". park, except dangerous animals when it is neces- *...* prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than prescribed above, must be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such viola- tion. Firearms will be permitted in the park only on written per- mission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond must, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, seines, or explosives in their ssession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain written leave to carry them through the park sealed. 5. Fishing.—Fishing is permitted with hook and line only, and never for profit or merchandise. . Fishing in particular water may be suspended; or the number of fish that may be taken by one person in any one day, from the various streams or lakes may be regulated by the superintendent. , All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water, if not seriously injured. Fish retained should be killed. Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 6. Private operations.—No person will be permitted to reside per- manently, engage in any business, operate a moving-picture camera, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. . Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 7. Saloons, gambling, etc.—No drinking saloon or bar room will be permitted in the park. Gambling in every form, or the opera- tion of gambling devices whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. - 8. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park super- iºn deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the U10 IIC. - p 9. Mining claims.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. - 10. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of live stock over same, must be avoided, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. } 11. Concessioners.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding concessions in the park must keep the grounds used by them properly policed and maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No concessioner shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. - All concessioners will require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identification mark, being registered in the º office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. * , 12. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats are not permitted in the park. 13. Dead animals.--All domestic and º animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares must be buried immediately by the owner or person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 14. Travel.—(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles must take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heav camping outfits must take the outer side of the road on sidehill grades when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals. (c) Wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads , must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. Nº. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 69 (d) All vehicles must be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light must be carried on the left #. side of horse-drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. . 15. Miscellaneous.—(a) Campers and others must not wash clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park or in any way pollute them; ... in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. - (b) Stock must not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals should be kept a sufficient distance from camping grounds not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (c) Campers and all others, save those holding licenses from the Director .# the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. No pack trains will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide. (d) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. - 16. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior will be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. - *. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTORCYCLE REGULATIONS. Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes, TJnited States, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), as amended }. the act j June 28, 1916 (39 Stat., 238), the following regulations governing the admission of automo- biles and motorcycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: - 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motorcycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a. m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those cârrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of j (excepting, however, automobiles used by park concessioners). Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motorcycles.—Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, as far as they are applicable. WELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 3.40/5R MATIONAL PARK No connecting roads be: W º;; ::::::::::sen) gºe Newcastle's f Buford N. D. Dickinson GA VE O. Edgemo: §: sº sºmº --Sk--- c *:: NJ Lusk *s -- # jº. N E. B. - º'- Opal Nº. Rawlins {Tréºnton *º-st • is Ç - - * | %, sº | Sidney sº- *sº. PCHEYENNE.-. 2iSºit Lake.c * Ç spºville - &# U T/ [N H # # Rive; Milford ſº º -ºff Lund & - f ºf Cedar City ZION NAT” sº e Cort MONUMENT MESA º *** ** = * = = = = =s=== NAT’ls. PARK - | SCALE OF STATUE MILES 25 4. 0 25 50 75 100 125 MAP SHowING AUTOMoBILE ROUTES BETWEEN YELLowSTONE, GLACIER, ROCKY * MoUNTAIN, AND MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARKS. 4. Permits.-The ermit must be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters, and will entitle the permittee to go over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year, of issue. must be conveniently kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. Each permit must be exhibited to the checking ranger for verification on exit from the park. The permit YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK. 71 *5. Fees.—Fees for automobile and motorcycle permits are $7.50 and $2.50, respectively, and are payable in cash only. … . . 6. Direction.—Automobiles will pass around the road system forming the “loop” in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the automobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Geyser Basin to Mammoth Hot Springs, between 11 a. m. and 1 p.m. and after 4.30 p.m. . . -- Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful) to western entrance, any time after 1 p.m. + Grand Canyon to Yellowstone Lake, any time after 1 p. m. Mammoth Hot Springs to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. - - - Grand Canyon to Norris Geyser Basin direct, any time day or night. The superintendent of the pārk has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. - - - - - - 7. Automobile stages.—Automobile stages are operated by the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co., to and through the park from the northern or Gardiner entrance, the western or Yellowstone entrance, and the eastern or Cody entrance, connecting with all trains at park terminals. These cars are of 10 passenger capacity and are painted yellow. They are required to travel on a regular schedule. In order that they may encounter no delay, accident, or inconvenience from dust, other motor vehicles must not pass or attempt to pass the automobile stages on the park roads, unless said stages are not in motion and º may be made with assur- ance of safety. On the other hand, if other cars are signaled for the right of way by an automobile stage, they must yield and permit it to continue on its regular schedule. * 8. Distance apart, gears and brakes.—Automobiles while.in motion must not be less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on º evels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The auto- mobile must carry at least one extra tire. 9. Speeds.-Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour ascending and 10 miles per hour descending steep grades, and to 8 miles per hour when approaching sharp curves. On good roads with straight stretches, and when no team is nearer than 200 yards, the speed may be increased to 20 miles per hour. 10. Horns.—The horn will be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for an jº distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. 11. Lights.--All automobiles must be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights must be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the roads. Headlights must be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. - 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 12. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs must be closed while approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, or camps. 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles will take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, * automobiles will be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case must automobiles pass animals on the road at a jº eater than 8 miles per hour. 14. Accidents; stop-overs.--Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, must be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. 15. Fines and penalties.—Violation of any of the foregoing regula- tions will be punishable by revocation of automobile permit, or by immediate ejectment from the park, or by a fine not to exceed $500, or six months' imprisonment, or by any combination of these pen- alties, and be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service. • 16. Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camps.--Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin § ; Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon. º shops and garages are maintained at these points. Automobile supplies may also be procured at Tower Falls Camp. Prices of supplies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camps for motorists and shelters for cars are maintained at points indicated on the automobile guide map. - 17. Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced, so that a leaner mixture and about 50 per cent more gasoline is required than at lower altitudes. Likewise, one lower gear will gºi; have to be used on grades than would be necessary elsewhere. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. 18. These regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the county road in the northwest corner of the park. • AUTOMOBILE CAMPS AND SHELTERS. Free public automobile camps and shelters are provided at Mam- moth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon—a shelter for machines and a fireplace protected from the weather, which may be used by the tourists in common. Tourists may camp on designated areas close to the shelters. De- tailed information regarding these camps and shelters may be ob- tained at the various entrances to the park. . . . . ſºy • * ‘YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 73 PANORAMIC VIEW. The view described below may be purchased from the Superim- . tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21 inches; scale, 3 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents." - This view is based on accurate surveys and gives an excellent idea of the configuration of the surface as it would appear to a person flying over it. The meadows and valleys are printed in light green, the streams and lakes in light blue, the cliffs and ridges in brown tints, and the roads in light brown. The lettering is printed in light brown-and is easily read on close inspection, hut 2. merges into the other colors when the sheet is held at some distance. MAPS. Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., at the prices indicated below. Remittances should be made by cash . or money order. - Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. • *. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. ese maps should be praered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Af Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. - JPrice, 10 cents each. .* LITERATURE. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. - DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. a The following publications may be obtained free on written applica- tion to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the office of the Superintendent of the park: General Information regarding Yellowstone National Park. This circular is issued each season and contains data regarding hotels, camps, and principal points of interest, lists of books and magazine articles, a sketch map, and the rules and regulations. Automobile road map of Yellowstone National Park. Shows the park road system, hotels, camps, free public auto shelters, garages, Superintendent’s office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations. Map of National Parks and Monuments. - Shows location of all of the national parks and monuments, and all railroad routes to the reser * VA vations. Glimpses of Our National Parks. 48 pages. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks and the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. - ~ 1 May be purchased by personal sº to the office of the superintendent of the park at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. Ž4 YELLOwsToME NATIONAL PARK. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash: The National Parks Portfolio. By Robert Sterling Yard, chief, educational divi- sion, National Park Service. Contains nine sections, each descriptive of a national park and one descriptive of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado., 1917. 260 pages, including 270 illustrations. Pamphlet edition, loose in flexible cover, 35 cents; book edition, containing same material securely bound in cloth, 55 cents. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, includ- ing 10 illustrations, 10 cents." - This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents." In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, includ- ing 15 illustrations, 10 cents." This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. - Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 818). 1915. 28 pages, including 17 illustrations, 5 cents. . Contains descriptions of the species and lists of streams where found. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ~ *- BOOKS. ALLEN, E. F. A Guide to the National Parks of America, 1915, 286 pages. [BARNEs. O. P.] Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya [1910], 56 pp., illustrated. BARTH, THEODoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 62-67. N BRycE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. - National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. - CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park. 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. - - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive. 1915. 350 pp., illustrated. - CRONAU, RUDoLF. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259–275. DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914, 198 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 83–90. DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. FINCK, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279-293. ſ . ,- FountAIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. Iondon, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park on pp. 173–195. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK. 75 .* GUNNIson, ALMon. Rambles overland. - 1884. 245 pp: Yellowstone on pp. 27—82. HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914. 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86. º *- z - HARRIson, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp.; illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. r HAyNEs, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published annually, 200 pp., illustrated. * HERBERTson, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 171–180.’ HEssE-WARTEGG, ERNEST won. Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 vols. 1880. º - Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228-242. HIRscHBERG, JULIUs. Von New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblatter. 1888. 276 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 77-111. Holm Es, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. * - * Johnson, CLIFToM. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. • Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. RüNTZEMULLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908, 40 pp. LANGFord, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Fire- hole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LECLERCQ, JULEs. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l’Amér- ique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. MILLs, ENos A. Your National Parks. 1917. 532 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 3–64; 433–443. - MoRRIs, Mrs. JAMEs EDw1N. A Pacific coast vacation, 1901, 255 pp., illustrated. sº Yellowstone on pp. 236-255. MUIR, JoHN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37-75. MURPHY, John. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. MURPHY, THOMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. & OLAFSEN, O, Yellowstone Nationalparken. 1916. 134 pp. PECR, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world. 1885. 320 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 71–114. \. PIERREPONT, EDwARD. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311. PoETER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–93. - PRICE, Rose, LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 160–217. - QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. - 1911, 345 pp. RICHARDson, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. Roberts, Edward. Shoshone and other Western wonders. I888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. z * *. 76 . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, RYDBERG, PER Axel. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1. 1913. 847 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. $ - SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. ----- SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17-92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. t sº FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. - Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. SMITH, F. DUMonT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDw1N J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illustrated. STEELE, DAVID M. Going Abroad Overland. 1917. Illustrated. Yellowstone-on pp. 102–124. - STODDARD, John L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park, 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. - STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. flarly days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. f SYNGE, GEORGIANA M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR, CHARLES MAUs, JR. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. - • * , Yellowstone on pp. 283-388. - TIssa NDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 170–188. - ToMLINson, EvKRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. [1906.] 399 pp., illustrated. - . . . . . . TJ. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. - U. S. GEoLogical, SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geo- logic maps of the park and a description of the geology. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH R. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. - - - - Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. - . . WINGATE, GEORGE. W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. - - Contains notes on the fauna and flora. VARD, RoRERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 244 pp., illustrated. Yel- lowstone on pp. 63–86. - MAGAZINE ARTICLES. - AMERICAN ARCHITECT, vol. 13 (Mar. 7, 1883), p. 130. The Yellowstone National Park, by C. F. Driscoll. - - - AMERICAN CITY, vol. 16 (June, 1917), pp. 574–575. Road Improvement in Yellow- stone National Park. * - Tº AMERICAN CIVIC Association (Washington, D.C.), National Parks, 32 pp. Contains “National Parks, the need of the future,” by James Bryce; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by W. H. Taft; Address on a Bureau of National Parks, by Walter L. Fisher; *Are National farksworth while?” by J. H. McFarland. - AMERICAN FIELD, vol. 86 (December 23, 1916), p. 780. Buffalo Increasing in Wy - ming. - - - AMERICAN FoRESTRY, vol. 19 (May, 1913), pp. 300–317. Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. - 4. vol. 20 (October, 1914), pp. 709–718. A Forest of Stone, by F. H. Knowlton. - vol. 22 (February, 1916), p. 91. Tower Falls of the Yellowstone. *. vol. 22 (August, 1916), pp. 458–463. Yellowstone National Park, by Mark Daniels. - AMERICAN GEoLogist, vol. 20 (September, 1897), pp. 159–167. Some geological cause of the scenery of Yellowstone National Park, by A. R. Crook. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. *- 77 • AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENs, vol. 2 (June, 1906), pp. 392–395. The animals of Yellowstone Park, by K. L. Smith. . . . - 4 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERs, TRANSACTIONs; vol. 16 (1888), pp. ., 46–49. Engineering relations of the Yellowstone Park, by T. B. Comstock. vol. 16 (1888), pp. 783–803. Geological history of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. vol. 17 (1889), pp. 449–453. Soaping geysers, by R. W. Raymond. . AMERICAN Journal, of SCIENCE, 3d s., vol. 3 (February and March, 1872), pp. 105– 115, 161–176. The hot springs and geysers of the Yellowstone and Firehold Rivers, by F. W. Hayden. - 3d S., vol. 3 (April, 1872), pp. 294–297. The Yellowstone National Park, by F. W. Hayden. - . 4th S., vol. 1 (June, 1896), pp. 445–456. The age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague. s - 4th S., vol. 2 (July, 1896), pp. 51–58. The Tertiary floras of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. 4th S., vol. 5 (May, 1898), pp. 323–333. Some conditions affecting geyser eruption, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. - A. MotoRIST, vol. 7 (May, 1915), p. 305. Yellowstone Park Opened to Auto- Iſl(OOlle. ... • — vol. 7 (June, 1915), pp. 339–343. Into Yellowstone August First Next. vol. 7 (October, 1915), pp. 593–596. Motoring Through Wonderland, by Ches- ter C. Davis. . - - . . - ... “ — vol. 8, (April, 1916), pp. 9-17. Springtime is Motoring Time. A Medley of . , Thoughts, by Wm. Ullman. - - - - – vol. 8 (July, 1916), pp. 7–14. The Motorist and the National Park, by Wilbur Sterling. - - vol. 8 (July, 1916), pp. 32, 33. Some Interesting Dwellers in America's Won- derland—Yellowstone National Park. . - - vol. 9 (March, 1917), pp. 15–19. Summer Playgrounds of America, by Robert S. Phillips. AMERICAN Museum J our NAL, vol. 16 (February, 1916). The hoofed animals of the ... Yellowstone, by M. P. Skinner. AMERICAN NATURALIST, vol. 7 (May, 1873), pp. 279-290. The geysers of Montana. vol. 8 (February and March, 1874), pp. 65–79, 155–167. The Yellowstone National Park, by T. B. Comstock. + - vol. 15 (March, -1881), pp. 203–208. Glacial phenomena in the Yellowstone Park, by W. H. Holmes. - vol. 19 (November, 1885), pp. 1037–1040. The present condition of the Yellow- stone National Park, by E. D. Cope. - - ANNALs of THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PoliticAL AND SocIAL SCIENCE, vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 1–12. The parks and recreation facilities in the United States, by John Nolen. § vol. 35 (March, 1910), pp. 15–24. Our national parks and reservations, by W. M. Curtis, - • . • + 3 APPLETON's Journal, vol. 26 (December, 1881), pp. 538–547. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - ARound WoFED, vol. 1 (July–August, 1894), pp. 148–151. The Yellowstone Park, by D. S. Jordan. - - ART Journal, vol. 40 (1888), pp. 193–198, 325–335. The American wonderland, by. Edward Roberts. - - ATLANTIC MonTHLY, vol. 81 (January, 1898), pp. 15–28. The wild parks and reserva- tions of the West, by John Muir. tº ' vol. 81 (April, 1898), pp. 509–522. The Yellowstone National Park, by John Muir. - BULLETINS DE LA SocIETÉ DE Géograph.IE DE PARIs, 6th Series, vol. 12 (August, 1876), pp. 196–199. Explorations faites Sous la direction du Dr. Hayden pendant 1’année 1875 dans les Territories de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis. . BULLETINS DE LA SocIETÉ RoyALE BELGE BE Géograph IE, vol. 9 (July–August, 1885), pp. 393-422. Les Geysirs de la terre des merveilles, by J. Leclercq. 78 YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK. BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION, vol. 43 (September, 1916), p. 373. English Edition. Yellowstone National Park. ºvoi. 43 (September, 1916), p. 353. Spanish Edition. Yellowstone National Far iyol. 11 (November, 1916), p. 258. Portuguese Edition. Yellowstone National 3.T.K. * . - wº vol. 12 (January, 1917), p. 10. French Edition. Yellowstone National Park. CENTURY, n. S., vol. 44 (August, 1903), pp. 481–491. A place of marvels: Yellow- stone Park as it now is, by R. Ś. Baker. CHAMBERS’ Journal, 4th S., vol. 11 (May 16, 1874), pp. 315–317. Wonders of the Yellowstone region. . - Cºg. Hirº, vol. 22 (June 1, 1912), p. 88. Horseback in Yellowstone Park, by - SWeel. - (January, 1913), pp. 33–36. Touring in our national parks, by E. A. Mills. CURRENT LITERATURE, vol. 28 (June, 1900), p. 264. Geysers all right, by H. M. Chittenden. - DEUTSCHE RUNDsCHAU FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK (February, 1879), pp. 240– 245, Der Nationalpark der Vereinigten Staaten, by J. Chavanne. (July, 1896), pp. 433–438. Die Wunder des Yellowstone-Parkes, by Seignmund Bergmann. - - ECLECTIC MAGAZINE, n. S., vol. 35 (January, 1882), pp. 124–136. The geysers of the Yellowstone, by Archibald Geikie. - n. S., vol. 35 (May, 1882), pp. 598–604. The Yellowstone geysers, by Francis Francis. - - - - . FIELD AND STREAM, vol. 21 (October, 1916), pp. 17–18. Western Moose in Wyoming, by B. C. Rumsey. - - For EST AND STREAM, vol. 88 (March, 1918), pp. 137–141, 176–178. Sheep or Elk in Our Forest Reserves? by Emerson Hough. . - • * - GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITsch RIFT, vol. 1, pp. 79–89 (1895). Der National–Park am Yellowstone, by Prof. Dr. H. Credner. - GLOBUs, vol. 21 (1872), pp. I18–120. Die Geyser im neuen Wunderland am obern Yellowstone. - - - - vol. 27 (1875), pp. 289–294, 305–309, 321–325, 337–341. Die Geyserregion am obern Yellowstone. - - - vol. 28 (1875), pp. 65–70, 81–86, 97–101. Dr. Hayden's und Langford's Ex- pedition nach den Felsengebirgen. º Hºº MAGAZINE, vol. 74 (May, 1887), 869–890. The three Tetons, by A. W. Oll IIlS. --- vol. 94 (January, 1897), pp. 320–325. Beauties of the Yellowstone National 3.T HARPER's WEEKLY, vol. 41 (June 5, 1897), pp. 563-567. The national parks and forest reservations, by John Muir. vol. 42 (Jan. 29, 1898), pp. 106–107. A winter trip through the Yellowstone National Park, by E. Lindsey. e HIMMEL UND ERDE, 11 Jahrgang (November und December, 1898), pp. 49–61; 109–121. Das Märchenland des Yellowstone, by P. Schwahn. HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MONTANA, Contributions, vol. 1 (1876), pp. 149–233. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, from the journal of Captain James Stuart. vol. 1 (1876), pp. 268–284. The Yellowstone expedition of 1874, by Addison M. Quincy. -. vol.4 (1903), pp. 153–174. Journal of a tour through the Yellowstone National Park in August and September, 1877, by A. J. Weikert. - - - An account of experiences during the Nez Perce raid. * vol. 5 (1905), pp. 349-369. Folsom-Cook exploration of the Upper Yellow- stone in the year 1869, by D. E. Folsom, with a preface by N. P. Langford. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 370-394. Journal of Judge Cornelius Hedges, member of the Washburn expedition of 1870. vol. 5 (1904), pp. 395–427. Thirty-seven days of peril, by T. C. Everts. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 79 National Park. - — vol. 19 (October, 1911), pp. 40–43. A tour of Yellowstone Park. vol. 20 (August, 1912), pp. 55–60. In Yellowstone Park. INDEPENDENT, vol. 50, pt. 1 (Apr. 28, 1898), p. 562. The flowers of Yellowstone Park, by Katherine Armstrong. vol. 50, pt. 2 (Nov. 17 and Dec. 1, 1898), pp. 1406–1408, 1572–1576. Geology of the Yellowstone National Park, by R. S. Tarr. vol. 52 (May 3, 1900), p. 1047. Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, by C. L. Thompson. * - Poem. vol. 58 (June 29, 1905), pp. 1460–1467. A family trek to the Yellowstone, by Mrs. N. E. Corthell. ºription of the geological history of the park and of the geological features along the tourist TOUlúð. - INDoors AND OUT, vol. 4 (May, 1907), pp. 73–76. Old Faithful Inn log cabin. - INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGICAL CoNGREss, Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 336–359. The Yellowstone Park, by Arnold Hague. -. Description of a trip by a woman and seven children in a wagon to Yellowstone Park. Compte Rendu, Fifth Session, 1893, pp. 360–363. The formation of hot spring deposits, by W. H. Weed. - - JAHRESBERICHT DES FRANKFüRTER WEREINS FüR GEOGRAPHIE UND STATISTIK, pp. 57–59 Jahrgang, pp. 9–17. Ueber den Yellowstone National-Park, by A. Andreae. Journ AL OF GEOGRAPHY, vol. 11 (June, 1913), pp. 314–320. Geology of Yellowstone National Park, by N. M. Fenneman. e Journ AL of GEOLogy, vol. 7 (April–May, 1899), pp. 261–271. The piracy of the Yellowstone, by John Paul Goode. - - An account of the drainage changes in the Upper Yellowstone Valley. - - KANSAs CITY REVIEw of SciENCE AND INDUSTRY, vol. 3 (April, 1880), pp. 743–748. The attractions of the Yellowstone National Park. -- RosMos, 6 Jahrgang (1909), pp. 121–127. Mit Roosevelt in Yellowstone-Park, by J. Burroughs. 7 Jahrgang (1910), pp. 52–54. Wild in Yellowstone-Park, by Wolfgang von Garvens-Garvensburg. ' LADIEs’ How E Journal, vol. 17 (September, 1900), pp. 20–21. Through picturesque America. I vol. 21 (August, 1904), pp. 5–6. Through the Yellowstone in a coach, by S. M. ale. • - vol. 34 (May, 1917), p. Il. The woman bear, by Ernest Thompson Seton. LA NATURE (2e ser.), vol. 8 (1902), pp. 247–250. Les geysers Américains, by M. Boule (reprinted in Le Mouvement Géographique, Bruxelles, 1902), vol. 19, pp. 170–171. - - - LEIsu RE Hour, vol. 21 (Mar. 2, 1872), pp. 134–138. Marvels of the Yellowstone. LESLIE’s WEEKLY, vol. 85 (September, 1897), p. 183. The way we live. Our national zoo, by John Bonner. * * LIPPINCOTT's MAGAZINE, vol. 25 (June, 1880), pp. 688–704, and vol. 26 (July, 1880), pp. 29–41. Through the Yellowstone Park to Fort Custer, by S. Weir Mitchell. vol. 72 (July, 1903), p. 111. Cañon of the Yellowstone, by M. I. McNeal. s Poem. LITERARY DIGEST, vol. 46 (June 7, 1913), p. 1303. Western mountains and national parks. - - LITERARY WEEKLY, vol. 14 (July 28, 1883), pp. 237–238. The Yellowstone Park. A review of guidebook by H. T. Winser. Contains general information. LITTELL's LIVING AGE. vol. 153 (Apr. 8, 1882), pp. 31–36. The Yellowstone geyser, by Francis Francis. MacMILLAN's MAGAZINE, vol. 44 (April, 1881), pp. 421–435. The geyser of the Yel- lowstone, by Archibald Geikie. HoTEL Monthly, vol. 19 (October, 1911), pp. 36–39. Canyon Hotel, Yellowstone g 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. MAGAZINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY, vol. 11 (June, 1884), pp. 497–512. Discovery of the Yellowstone National Park: A chapter of early exploration in the Rocky Moun- tains, by P. Koch. * - -> - - - - MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY, vol. 6 (September, 1887), pp. 433–445. The Yel- lowstone Park, by F. C. Sessions. - - tf f [{{ vol. 13.(February, 1891), pp. 448–453. The Yellowstone expedition of 1863, by S. A. Wilson. MANCHESTER [ENGLAND] GEOGRAPHICAL SocIETY Journal, vol. 15 (January to March, 1899), pp. 38–55. The Yellowstone Park, by F. H. Worswick. * - MooDY, vol. 14 (November, 1912), pp. 367–375. Yellowstone Park, bankers' trip through, by F. W. Ellworth. MoToR, vol. 25 (October, 1915), pp. 48–51, 150. The capitulation of the Yellowstone, by Chester C. Davis. - - vol. 26 (May, 1916), pp. 40–53. Where shall we go this summer? by Alex. Johnston. vol. 27 (May, 1917), pp. 65–71, 112. Summering in the national parks, b Robert Sterling Yard. " - g p y vol. 27 (June, 1917), pp. 65–69. We don’t know our luck, by Alex. Johnston. vol. 27 (October, 1917), pp. 82, 83, 140. The Indian's pathway to Yellowstone (Cody Gateway), by I, Cecil Alter. . . | T MoToR AGE, vol. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 1–10. Uncle Sam.—His Parks, by C. G. Sinsabaugh. * * 2 P Dà. 25 (Apr. 9, 1914), pp. 10–12. How to get to the national parks, by John • UOC18. A. vol. 31 (Apr. 5, 1917), p. 108. Cars supersede stage coach.” vol. 31 (June 14, 1917), p. 26. Opening Yellowstone's front door. • T MOTOR NEws, vol. 7 (June, 1917), p. 13. Through the heart of “Buffalo Bill” country. - - MOTOR WEST, vol. 26 (June, 1917), pp. 10–13. Motor succeeds mule in Yellowstone National Park. MUTTER ERDE, vol. 3 (1900), pp. 12–14, 48–52, 70–72, 94–95, 126–129. Ausflug nach den Yellowstone-Park, by Th. Kirchhoff. - Nº. vol. 45 (Sept. 1, 1887), pp. 166–169. A week in Yellowstone Park, by H. T. II?.C.K., - e vol. 46 (Jan. 5, 1888), pp. 9–10. . The Yellowstone Park as a forest reservation; by Arnold Hague. * - .x vol. 62 (Mar. 12, 1896), p. 219. The Yellowstone National Park [review of H. M. Chittenden's book], by E. Coues. . . - - vol. 65 (Oct. 7, 1897), pp. 276-277. Yellowstone Park in 1897, by H. T. Finck. vol. 71 (Sept. 27, 1900), pp. 248–250. Yellowstone Park as a summer resort, by H. T. Finck. - NATIONAL GEogRAPHIC MAGAZINE, vol. 23 (June, 1912), pp. 531-579. Our national parks, by L. F. Schmeckebier. - vol. 24 (July, 1913), ſº 808–834. Wild animals that took their own pictures by day and by night, by G. Shiras. • vol. 29 (April, 1916). The Land of the Best, by Gilbert H. Grosvenor. vol. 30 (November, 1916). The Larger North American Mammals, by E. W. Nelson and Louis Agassiz Fuertes. vol. 31 (August, 1917), Frontispiece. “Babes in the Wood.” Yellowstone Black Bears. * g NATIONAL MAGAZINE, vol. 6 (September, 1897), pp. 541–550. The Yellowstone National Park, by W. D. Van Blarcom. * = vol. 19 (February, 1904), pp. 611-614, Ski-runners of the Yellowstone, by L. R. Freeman. - - - -- W vol. 46 (August, 1917), pp. 674–691. The National Parks of America, by Flynn; ayne. --- NATURE, vol. 21 (1872), pp. 340–342, 345–347, 363–366, 372-375. Die Geyser und das Geyserland am Yellowstonefluss in Nordamerika, von O. Ule. vol. 45 (Sept. 6, 1896), pp. 429–432, Der Yellowstone-Park, von Max Fiebelkorn. ' YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARK, - 81 NATURE, vol. 5 (Mar. 21, 1872), p. 403. The Yellowstone Park. , , vol. 6 (Sept. 12 and 26, 1872), pp. 397–401, 437-439. A gigantic “pleasure ground”; The Yellowstone National Park of the United States. NEUEs JAHRBucH FUR MINERALogºE (1893), vol. 2, pp. 1–25. Ueber die künstliche * Nachahmung des Geyserphanomens, by A. Andreae. . As NEW Wºº. vol. 7, (April, 1916), pp. 28–31. Climbing the Grand Teton, by Chas. J. Lisle. * - - * * vol. 7 (October, 1916), pp. 23–29. The Yellowstone National Park. vol. 8 (May, 1917), pp. 17–20. The Park-to-Park Highway, by A. J. Breit- enstein: * * * NINETEENTH CENTURY, vol. 11 (March, 1882), pp. 369-377. The Yellowstone gey- sers, by F. Francis. NoFMAL INSTRUCTOR, June, 1917, pp. 60–61, 68. National Playgrounds of North America, by Robert Sterling Yard. . & NoFTHwBSTERN MoToRIST, vol. 1 (July, 1916), pp. 11–12, 18, 19. Yellowstone, Oldest and Largest Park, by Olin D. Wheeler. - vol. 1 (June, 1916), pp. 14, 15. Bring Your Fishing Tackle, by Leo H. Faust. vol. 2 (December, 1916), pp. 15–23, 27. The “Gallatin Way” to Yellowstone ark. -- 4. * * vol. 2 (February, 1917), £ºf 12–13. Cody, Wyoming, Invites You to the JPark's Eastern Gateway, by Gus Holm’s. vol. 2 (February, 1917), p. 40. The Wild Animals of the Yellowstone. vol. 2 (May, 1917), pp. 13–22. Yellowstone and Glacier, by Robert Sterling "Yard vol. 2 (May, 1917), pp. 18–19. Yellowstone National Park. * vol. 2 (May, 1917), pp. 26–30. Across the Top of the U. S. A. is the Trail of Scenic Wonder. . . - * vol. 2 (August, 1917), pp. 26–27. How Gallatin Valley is Becoming Great . Summer Playground of Central Montana, by J. A. Harader. - vol. 2 º 1917), pp. 16, 17, 34. Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line High- way, by John A. Curry. - - OUTDoor. LIFE, vol. 27 (May, 1911), pp. 479–486. Camping in the Yellowstone, by J. A. McGuire. - - g vol. 38 (September, 1916), p. 249. A Cloudy Cold Day in Wyoming Elkland. vol. 38 (December, 1916), pp. 578–580. Some Sidelights on Bruin’s Annual Sleep, by J. A. McGuire. . . . . . . & • , OUTDooB. WoRLD AND RECREATION, vol. 49 (July, 1913), pp. 22–26. Vacation jaunts. to Uncle Sam's playgrounds, by Arthur Chapman. - OUTING, vol. 16 (July, 1890), pp. 256–263. Yellowstone Park, by A. B. Guptill. vol. 18 (June, 1891), pp. 191—195. First bicycle tour of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. O. Owen. * * vol. 30 (May, 1897), pp. 163–164. A woman's trout fishing in Yellowstone. Park, by M. T. Townsend. - -** vol. 32 (April, 1898), pp. 17–24. Camp and cycle in Yellowstone National, Park, by W. W. Thayer. f * - vol. 34 (May, 1899), pp. 161–167. Through the Yellowstone on foot, by C. H., Henderson. - -- - vol. 52 (July, 1908), pp. 508—511. Wyoming summer fishing and the Yellow- _stone Park, by R. E. Clark. - vol. 61 (January, 1913), pp. 449–455. Four-footed citizens of the Yellowstone, by J. M. Johnson. - - - OUTLook, vol. 74 (Aug. 29, 1903), pp. 1036–1040. Managing a national park, by H. H. Lewis. - - - & vol. 95 (May, 28, 1910), pp. 157–169. Scenery as a national asset, by Allen Chamberlain. - vol. 100 (Feb. 3, 1912), p. 246. A national park service. vol. 102 (Dec. 14, 1912), pp. 811–815. National parks, the need of the future, by James Bryce. g - - : - * — vol. 115 (April 25, 1917), pp. 744, 749, 750. Railway Touring in the United States, by Frank Trumbull. t - 82 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK; OUT WEST, vol. 18 (April, 1903), P}. 545–546, and vol. 19 (November, 1903), pp. 455– 472. Yellowstone Park, by M. E. Andrews. - - vol. 22 (May, 1905), pp. 325–331. Something about the Yellowstone Park, by A. T. Richardson. - t. " OverLAND MonTHLY, vol. 6 (May and June, 1871), pp. 431–437, 489—496. The Wash- burn Yellowstone expedition. – - - e 2d S., vol. 5 (January, 1885), pp. 1–13. The world’s wonderlands in Wyoming and New Zealand, by C. F. G. Cumming. - * 2d S., vol. 29 (June, 1897), ºp. 594-603. In nature's laboratory: Driving and fishing in Yellowstone Park, by F. B. King. .* PETERMANN's GEOGRAPHISCHE MITTEILUNGEN, vol. 17 (1871), pp. 278–279. Eine Wunderwelt am Yellowstone. vol. 18 (1872), pp. 241–253, 321–326. Die neu entdeckten Geyser Gebiete am oberen Yellowstone und Madison River. vol. 38 (1892), pp. 92–93. Ueber das Anseifen der Geyser im Yellowstone National Park, by Dr. Carl Diener. -- PLANT World, vol. 1 (January, 1898), %. The standing fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton. - 7. PLEASURELAND, January, 1918, Yellowstone National Park, by Enos Mills. Pºiº MECHANICs, November, 1916. Beauties of Yellowstone National Park in inter. - PoPULAR SCIENCE MonTHLY, vol. 25 (August, 1884), pp. 494-508. The world's gey- Ser regions, by A. C. Peale. . . vol. 27 (July, 1885), pp. 289–295. A great winter sanitarium for the Ameri- can Continent, by Edward Frankland. > vol. 43 (July, 1893), pp. 301–307. Fossil forests of the Yellowstone, by S. E. Tillman. vol. 54 (February, 1899), pp. 475–481. Death Gulch [Yellowstone Park]: A natural bear trap, by T. A. Jaggar, jr. —r vol. 80 (June, 1912), pp. 531–547. The national parks from the scientific and educational side, by L. F. Schmeckebier. \ RECREATION, vol. 4 (May, 1896), pp. 221–225. Game in the Yellowstone National Park, by O. D. Wheeler. vol. 11 (August, 1899), pp. 103–104. Glories of the Yellowstone, by I. W. Walker. - vol. 12 (June, 1900), pp. 449–450. Predatory beasts in Yellowstone Park, by U. S. Bracket. - # rºl. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 417–423. In a wild animal republic, by Dan €3.It vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 425-429. Protect the game in Yellowstone Park, by L. R. Freeman. vol. 15 (December, 1901), pp. 431–434. From New York to Heaven, by Myra Emmons. • vol. 30 (August, 1909), pp. 72–73. Scenes in Yellowstone Park. F — vol. 32 (July, 1910), pp. 53–55. “Sage brush” in Yellowstone Park, by H. D. Oster. vol. 34 (December, 1911), il., pp. 262-263. A walking trip through Yellowstone Park, by C. P. Fordyce. vol. 36 (July, 1912), pp. 32–33. Wyoming's entrance to Yellowstone Park, by W. N. Montfort. * vol. 56 (January, 1917), pp. 14–15. The bull elk of the Three Buttes, by Ottoman H. Van Norden. --- —— vol. 57 (July, 1917), pp. 19–20. A hike through Yellowstone Park to the Tetons, by Arthur C. Tate. { REVIEW OF REVIEws, vol. 40 (July, 1909), pp. 44–48. The Nation's playgrounds, by G. O. Smith. - - RoAD MAKER, vol. 11 (May, 1917), pp. 7–9. Wonders of the Yellowstone Trail, by F. L. Clark. - vol. 11 (June, 1917), pp. 7–8, 21. Roads in Yellowstone National Park. SEp 5-10 ~ 0. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ! - FRANKLIN K. LANE, SECRETARY º º º NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T. MATHER, DIRECTOR GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK | 9 || 9 Season June 20 to September 15 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 I’hotograph by G. Swanson. I31.ACK TAIL DEER. Copyright by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul. THE GORGEOUSLY COLORED CANYON. THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 18; total area, 10,739 square miles.] National parks in e Area in order of º: Location. º EIot Springs.-------. Middle Arkansas...... 1% 1832 Yellowstone........ Northwestern Wyo- 3, 348 1872 ming. e Å Sequoia------------| Middle eastern Cali- 252 1890 ornia. Yosemite----------- Middle eastern Cali- 1,125 fornia. - General Grant...... Middle eastern Cali- 4 1890 fornia. Mount Rainier..... West central Wash- 324 1899 ington. Crater Lake....... •| Southwestern Oregon. 249 { Wind Cave......... South Dakota......... 17 Platt. ---------- - - - -] Southern Oklahoma... 1% Sullys Hill.......... North Dakota-...-----. 1} 1904 Mesa Verde......... Southwestern Colo- 77 1906 rado. Glacier------------- Northweste Mon- 1910 ºw STerril 1,534 Rocky Mountain...] North Middle Colo- 397; 191 rado. TTawaii TTawaii 118 1916 Lassen Yºnic. ---| Northern California... 124 Mount #nley ...] South central Alaska...] 2,200 Grand Gºon sº º ºs º º North central Arizona. 958 Maine coast....----... 8 Lafayette ---------. 1919 103115°–19—1 Distinctive characteristics. 46 hot springs possessing curative properties— Many hotels and boarding houses—20 bath- houses under public control. More geysers than in all rest of world together— # springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified for- ests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- markable for gorgeous º es- Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, greatest wild bird and animal preserve in world—Exceptional trout fishing. The Big Tree National Park—12,000 sequoia trees over 10 feet in diameter, some 25 to 36 feet in diameter–Towering mountain ranges—Star- tling precipices—Cave of considerable size. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra—Water-wheel falls—Good trout fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 35 feet in diameter—6 miles from Sequoia National Park. Largest accessible single peak glacier system—28 glaciers, some of large size—48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful sub- alpine wild-flower fields. - Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. Cavern having many miles of galleries and hºrous chambers containing peculiar forma- IOIlS. Many sulphur and other springs possessing medicinal value. , Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is an important wild-animal preserve. y - Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small #. thou- sands of feet deep—Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range º: 11,000 to 14,250 feet altitude-Rémarkašič records of glacial period. Three separate areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii; Haleakala on Maui. Only active volcano in United States proper— Lassen Peak. 10,465 feet—Cinder Cone 6,879 feet—Hot springs—Mud geysers. Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. The greatest example of erosion and the most sublime spectacle in the world. The group of granite mountains u on Mount Desert £iºd * * J 3 Th National Parks Portfolio By ROBERT STERLING YARD Chief, Educational Division - National Park Service Parmphlet Edition Sections loose in flexible binding - 35 cents Book Edition The same bound securely in cloth 55 cents - A...". of the national parks and national monu- ments in picture. The selection is from the best work of many pho- tographers, professional and amateur. It contains nine sections descriptive each of a national park, and one larger section devoted to other parks and monuments. 260 pages, including 270 illustrations (I Sent postpaid, upon receipt of price in cash or money order, by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. CONTENTS. General description-------------------------------- --> --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The geysers-------------------------------------------------`-- ** ------ * Other hot-water phenomena-------------------------------------------- Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone-------------------------------------- Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls.-------...------------------------------ Remarkable fossil forests. --------------------------------------------- Greatest wild-animal refuge------------------------------------------ - Trout fishing--------------------------------------------------------- The Greater Yellowstone. --------------------------------------------- The Red Canyon of the Shoshone. ... ---------------------------------- The trail system------------------------------------------------------ Administration----------------------------------------------------------- Transportation and accommodations.--------------------------------------- Post office------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Telegrams---------------------------------------------------------------- Hotels and camps---------------------------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park Hotel Co..........----------------------------------. Yellowstone Park Camping Co.............. & - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Photographs of the park----------------------------. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transportation in the park------------------------------------------------ Boat Service on Yellowstone Lake...................................... Bathhouse----------------------------------------------------------------- Park tours --------------------------------------------------------------- Tours from Gardiner.------------------------------------------------- Tours from Yellowstone.-----------------------------------...-------. Tours from Cody----------------------------------------------------- - Personally conducted camping parties--------------------------------------. Principal points of interest------------------------------------------------ Gardiner (northern entrance) to Mammoth Hot Springs................... The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs.------------------ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs.--...----------.................. Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris---------------------------------------- Norris Geyser Basin---------------------------------------------------- Norris to Lower Geyser Basin.................... ---------------------- Lower Geyser Basin to Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp). ----------------------------------------------- Upper Geyser Basin.--------------------------------------------------- Side trips from Old Faithful Inn and Upper Geyser Basin Camp......... Upper Geyser Basin to Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Thumb---------------------------------------------------------- Thumb to Lake Hotel and Camp.-------------------------------------. Lake Hotel and Camp to Grand Canyon. -------------------------------. 6 CONTENTS. * ^ Principal points of interest—Continued. Page. Side trips from Lake Hotel and Camp ---------------------------------- 49 Grand Canyon------ -------------------------------------------------- #9 Grand Canyon to Norris----------------------------------------------- 51 Grand Canyon to Mammoth Hot Springs via Mount Washburn and Tower Falls---------------------------------------------------------------- 51 Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), to Loop Road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance, to Loop Road.------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53 Moran, Wyo., via Southern entrance, to Loop Road.-------------- • * * * * * * * 55 Tower-Fails to Buffalo Farm, Soda Butte, and Cooke City, Mont--........ 56 Trails in and about Yellowstone National Park........ ---------------------. 57 Prominent geysers and springs.--------------------------------------------- 62 Fishes... --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63 Wild animals----------------------------------------------------------- .- - - 64 Birds-------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 Rules and regulations. ---------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 83 General regulations.------------------------------------------- -------- 83 Automobile and motorcycle regulations ----------------------------- - - - 87 Automobile camps and shelters--------------------------------------------- 90 Panoramic view.---------------------------------------------------------- 90 Maps---------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 Literature-----. ---------------------------------------------------------- 91 Government publications---------------------------------------- ------ 91 Bibliography------------------- tº ºr e = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 92 Other national parks. ---------------------- ...---------------------------- 94 National monuments--------------------------------- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 95 MAPs AND ILLUSTRATIONS. I - - COWER - Fountain Geyser-------------------- * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e = * * ------------------ Front. Black-tail Deer.........------------- -------------------------------- Inside front. The Gorgeously Colored Canyon. ...----- ------------------------------ Inside front. Terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs.------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... --------- Inside back. Old Faithful Geyser---------------------------------------------- ---------- Back. TEXT. - Page. Ideal section through 2,000 feet of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests-------------------------------------------------------- * e º ºs 12 Profile through line of travel—north and South—in Yellowstone National Park . and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson Lake.... 14 Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone and Glacier Naional Parks....... 18 Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Moun- tain, and Mesa Verde National Parks------------------------------------ 29 Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs...................................... 32 Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin.---------------------------------------- 37 Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin------------------------------------------ - 40 Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin..... --------...- .............. * * * * * * * * s e s = 43 Automobile map of Yellowstone Park. ------------------------------------- 48 Sketch map of Grand Canyon.-------------------------------------- - - - - - . . . 50 GENERAL INFORMATIONREGARDINGYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It is approximately 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, giving an area of 3,348 square miles, or 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. t . . . . . The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our. National Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mys- tery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. * The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho.” It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet: Surround- ing it on the South, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. The entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding moun- tains but the great interior plain is made of material once-ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geological specu- lation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the conforma- tion of the foreground and of the distant mountains is suggestive even to the unscientific eye. . . - * * Of the park area, 3,114 square miles, or 1,992,960 acres, are within the State of Wyoming, 198 square miles, or 126,720 acres, within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles, or 23,040 acres, within the State of Idaho. 7 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. In addition to these speculative appearances, positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the fused and oxydized colored sands in the sides and depths of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS. There are four geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, the Upper, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west central part of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, spout at accurate intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers are, roughly speaking, water volcanoes. They occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. g At last the water in the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so it bursts upward with great violence, rising many feet in the air and continuing to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A mimic geyser was made in the laboratory of the Department of the Interior in the winter of 1915, which when in action plays at regular intervals of a minute and a quarter. The water is heated in a metal bulb, and finds its way to the surface vent through a spiral rubber tube. When it plays the water rises 3 or 4 feet in height, varying according to the intensity of the heat applied at the bulb. * The water finds its way back by an iron pipe into the bulb, when presently it again becomes heated and discharges itself. YELLOWSTONE. NATIONAL PARE, 9 OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA. Nearly the entire Yellowstone region, covering an area of about 3,300 square miles, is remarkable for its hot-water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water mani- festations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. At Mammoth, at Norris, and at Thumb the hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. Over the edges of these carved basins pour the hot water. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which in warm weather glow brilliantly, but in cold weather almost disappear. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, element into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. - A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful played with great regularity every 70 minutes, but during the sum- mer of 1915 the interval lengthened to about 85 minutes, due, it is supposed, to the smaller snowfall and consequent lessened water sup- ply of the preceding winter, and has since fluctuated between that number and 65. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular inter- vals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every : few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. e . The hot-spring terraces are also a rather awe-inspiring spectacle when seen for the first time. The visitor may climb upon them and pick his way around among the steaming pools. In certain lights . the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely green. The incrustations are often beauti- fully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated, as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE. But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the 10 WELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Grand Canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. f g The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size; it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. - * Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. ‘To the south a waterfall twice the height of Niagara rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward to be lost again in green. From that point 2 or 3 miles to where you stand and beneath you widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and 'fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Some- times they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. - - - And the whole is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope. The whole is streaked and spotted and stratified in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has seen the canyon who has not stood upon . Inspiration Point.- -y DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS. From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Mam- . moth and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 11 A few miles farther north, where the road again finds the shore of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is encountered at Tower Falls. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the ramparts of rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are romantic to a high degree. “ º * * - REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS. The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an approach to Amethyst Mountain. One traversing the valley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level but occur at irregular heights; in fact a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest grew and was entombed, there was a time without volcanic out- burst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and pre- served, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less regular alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. Geo- logical changes are excessively slow. No geologist would dare pre- dict that, a few thousand years from now, the present forests of . Yellowstone Park may not lie buried under another layer of lava on top of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller . Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. Just outside the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, be- tween the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonder- , ful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. GREATEST WILD-ANIMAL REFUGE. The Yellowstone National Park is the largest and most successful wild-animal refuge in the world. It is also, for this reason, the best and most accessible field for nature study. * * 12 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Its 3,300 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 200 miles of roads and the four hotels and many camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road or trail or wº ſº gºš §§ ºrºv tº: º sº ; º º §§ º § sº º ºś #. ######º wº §§§ § º º: gºš É Kºś ºº:: ºš §§§§ Sºğ :§ flºº :::::::::::55, tº IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET of BEDs of SPECIMIEN RIDGE, sHow ING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FORESTs. AFTER HOLMES. YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK. . 13 camp. No herds invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in the automobile stages which whirl from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content; and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journey- ing on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass, and the children feed them flowers. One of the diversions at the road builders’ camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. - - - . . Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. . . . BEARS. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks' experience to be inoffensive if not attacked. When attacked they become dangerous, indeed. It is contrary to the regulations of the park to approach, molest, or feed the bears. - - The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which, by the way, are the same species only differently colored—the blondes and brunettes, so to speak, of the same bear family—are playful, comparatively fear- less, sometimes even friendly. They are greedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. - - This wild-animal paradise contains 30,000 elk, several thousand moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, and a large and increasing herd of bison. - • . It is an excellent bird preserve also; more than 150 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles abound among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many thousands of large white pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TROUT FISHING. Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All three of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain large size. Yel- lowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excellent catches to the skillful angler. • The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Michigan grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the lesser lakes. * 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 'Q. s t 's § ; ; : g $ Offa Ag ºf Afrº Aya i Avoj i 3 $ s —º § { } § § # sº § §. º º ſ" . ; § |-> § t # ; i#*- } §. * : § 3 ; ; ; ; ; ; # , ; , ; ; § ºl’. 2. as NºST & S---- : / /, # *ś &S Sè 2& ºr lu NSc.” § §" & * ; : ; (% - * < - Q. T. ty) §§ §§ & º &S H. § 3. - º 9:-------* º 3: S. upsea N *-* ~ * ~ * ~ * Sº §§ § §§ wjS §§ ; # i i | ; *_º g--d THE GREATER YELLOW- STONE. . . The criticism occasion- ally made by persons who have visited granite coun- tries that the Yellowstone region lacks the Supreme grandeur of some others of our national parks will cease to have weight when the magnificent Tet on Mountains just south of the southern boundary are added to the park. These mountains begin at the foot of the Pitchstone Plateau a mile or two be- low the southern gate- way and extend south and west. They border Jack- Son Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing out- cropping of gigantic gran- ite peaks is in many re- spects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordinary massing of mountain spires in Amer- ica. It léaps more than 7,000 feet apparently ver- tically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 15 Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bear- ing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man’” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - - * - - With their passing and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of contributing to the pleas- ure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very con- trast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. • , . . -- These amazing mountains are, from their nature, a component part of the Yellowstone National Park, whose gamut of majestic scenery they complete, and no doubt would have been included within its original boundaries had their supreme magnificence been then appreciated. Already Yellowstone visitors have claimed it, and automobile stages run to Moran and back on regular schedule. In time, no doubt, part of it will be added formally to the park territory. THE RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE. Jackson Hole is not the only spectacle of magnificence intimately associated with Yellowstone but lying without its borders. , East- ward through picturesque Sylvan Pass, well across the park bound- ary, the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the rains of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred fantastic names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. . - And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, the second highest in the world, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the Sensational runs of the West. - • THE TRAIL SYSTEM. The motorization of Yellowstone National Park, which is now complete, by reducing greatly the time formerly required to travel. from scenic spot to scenic spot, permits the tourist to spend a far. greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasureable sight- seeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping-out equipment. The day of the new Yel- lowstone, of Yellowstone the vacation land, has dawned. • To fill these new needs, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into the great scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo browse, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the north boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before starting, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On this map the trails are printed in green. On pages 57 to 62 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. - ADMINISTRATION. The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872 (U. S. Revised Stat., secs. 2474 and 2475). The representa- tive of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the acting superintendent, Mr. Chester A. Lindsley. A force of rangers assist this officer in protecting the reservation. Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act creating the park. Mr. John W. Meldrum is the United States commissioner for the park. - The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 15. The address of the acting superintendent is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. General information may be obtained from this officer. All com- plaints should be addressed to him. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 17 RAILROAD INFORMATION. The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont.; the Union Pacific System (Oregon Short Line Railroad) reaches it on the west, at Yellowstone (station) Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the auto- stage drive of 55.4 miles. During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, Yellowstone station, and Cody, as destinations. From the Middle West, East and South round-trip excursion tickets may be purchased for transportation on going trip to any of the three Yellowstone National Park gateways (Gardiner, Yellowstone station, Cody), and for transportation on the return trip from the same or any other gateway, thus affording passengers the privilege of entering the park at one entrance and leaving it at the same point or any one of the other entrances. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde. Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations will find stop- over privileges available and may make side-trips to the park from Livingston, Mont., Pocatello, Idaho, Ogden, Utah, Salt Lake City, TJtah, or Frannie, Wyo., which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets, or from Billings, Mont., or Butte, Mont., which are stop-over points on round-trip tickets. Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or permanent camps for the five-day “sight-see- ing” tour of the park may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the trav- eling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hur- ried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of bound- less opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, Yellowstone station, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Cody, Frannie, or Billings, or at Butte (by C., M. & St. P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to sta- tions via which passengers enter the park, i.e., Gardiner, Yellowstone, * 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. or Cody. Passengers entering the park via one station and leaving via another station will, find certain regulations for checking of baggage to the station by which they leave the park. MAP SHOWING RAILROAD RouTES To YELLOWSTONE AND GLACIER NATIONAL PARKs. YELLowsro * RATIONAL. •w. vo § PARK s: - v.” - * tº: o:3: ºw z wn <> 5 Victor * - Idaho Falls o Blackfoot c &r. *Ns Pocatello! O - 1 O. B. L. $24's W. Y. w o Nº. & \º, | Co s—— •+ ---------- PATH - \ Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 33 path descends to the level of the starting point, with Hymen Ter- race, in some respects the most beautiful of all, on the left. It will repay the tourist to make a side trip completely around this terrace. McCartney's Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is now covered by wire netting, on the grass lawn near the tennis court. Cupid's Cave, west of Jupiter. Spring, has been closed up by de- posit from a hot spring and can not now be visited. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS. Around Bunsen Peak.--Twelve miles by a saddle-horse trail, south from Mammoth. Passes buffalo corral, climbs side of Bunsen Peak to Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon sides, along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via Golden Gate and main road. Guide not necessary. º Buffalo herds (tame).--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral 1 mile south from Mammoth Hotel, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation surreys from hotel drive to this corral. Main herd is kept at buffalo farm on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke City. More than 300 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder. Accommodations at Tower Falls Camp (12 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. - * Tower Falls (133 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth, on road to Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Tower Falls Camp, 2 miles from Tower Falls. - - Petrifted trees.—Seventeen miles by automobile road and three- fourths mile on side road southeast en route to Tower Falls. No guide needed. * = Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest.—Twenty-four miles southeast by automobile road, thence 4 miles by well-marked trail. Northeastern portion of park-A trip could be made to include the petrified trees, Tower Falls, main buffalo herd, Specimen Ridge and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Camping Co.'s Tower Falls Camp on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- . vides accommodations after Mount Washburn Road is opened in the spring. Automobile road to Tower Falls, Slough Creek, and Soda. Butte, but other points would have to be reached by trail, and guide and pack train would be needed. Excellent camp sites in abun- dance on this trip. - - 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. MoUNTAIN CLIMBINg. : - - . ... • - i. Electric Peak (11,155 feet).”—Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. 3 - w Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).”—South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Guide not necessary. Mount Everts (7,900 feet)."—Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 15 miles. No guide needed. .* - - Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet). —West 5% miles by well-marked” saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass. - * Fishing trips.-One-day fishing trips from Mammoth Hot Springs may be made with rig, saddle horse, or even on foot by good pedes- trians, as follows: South on main road to Obsidian Creek, Indian Creek, Upper Gardiner and branches, and Glen Creek, for small eastern brook trout. Distance, 4 to 10 miles. East to Lava Creek, 5 miles, for small native or eastern brook trout, or to Blacktail Deer Creek 8 miles, for small native or rainbow trout. East or north- east to main Gardiner River for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and eastern brook trout. North, 6 miles to Yellowstone River for white- fish and native trout. - MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS TO NORRIS. Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris (20 miles), are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7.000 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock, accompanied by powerful lateral thrusts. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,245 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineer- ing this pass presented. Bunsen, Peak is on the left, Terrace Mown- tain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 feet high. - - - Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Basin. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, Smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. º r 1 There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 35- On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak, at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain, then Bannock Peak, Antler Peak, The Dome, Trilobite Point, and Mount Holmes on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Basin, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Basin. - - Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 6-mile post, camping is permitted at any point over 100 feet from the road. However, as the timber commences near this point, the openings where grass can be obtained are noted on the succeeding pages as camp sites. Between 6-mile post and Apollinaris Spring, 10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, are many good camp sites. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7,300 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,300 feet), comprising the valley of Ob- sidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their ungainly houses. - • At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,300 feet) is a landing platform on the left of the road for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther on the right side of the road. * Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth. Hot Springs, altitude 7,350 feet) is a cliff of hard, black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow- heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. An old beaver house can be seen near the south end of the lake. w A camp site (14 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is passed 14 miles south of Beaver Lake; next camp site is just south of Bijah Springs, 3 miles farther on. A muddy pool, 15 miles south of Mammoth, located close to the road on the right, heretofore known as a warm spring, was seen to play 40 to 50 feet high several times during the summer of 1918. Roaring Mountain (154 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, alti- tude 7,550 feet) is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines 30 feet Square on the extreme 103.115°–19—3 . -36 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE- top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater; the formation gradually spread to its present size, and it is not cer- tain that the limit has yet been reached. - Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,513 feet) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is alongside the road. There is a good camp site just south of this spring; the next camp site is on the canyon road a half mile beyond Norris (34 miles from this point). The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,500 feet) is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name. - NORRIS GEYSER BASIN.” Norris Geyser Basin (20 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 25 miles from Gardiner, altitude 7,470 feet).-The Norris Ranger Sta- tion is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is good fishing for rainbow trout. The road leading to the right in a south- erly direction is the regular loop road to the Geyser Basin, while that leading to the left in an easterly direction is the loop road returning from the Canyon. The geyser basin itself is a half mile south of the junction. - The path for viewing this formation starts immediately in front of the old lunch station and follows the boardwalk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler. Owing to the unsafe con- dition of the crust through this part of the trip it is not wise to step off the walk. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, and the new opening of the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of the Black Growler first made its appear- ance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin, with the possible exception of the Constant and Minute Man, are constantly changing in size, locality, character of eruption, and nature, of contents of tube. The old opening of the Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. Tourists now proceed southwest along the road to the Bathtub, on the left. Some seasons this is an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; in other years it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Pool and some small paint pots that have devel- 1 For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 62. TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, 37 oped since 1905 to the New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a compara- tively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from ferruginous minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. The floor of the Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter similar in all respects to the sinter bottoms of the other geyser basins. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths, which flourish luxuriantly in the The Reservoir -- - - SCALE of FEET" Fºš oRock Spring Spring ſº sºo''' so gio ºo ºbo {\ o .* sº Iris " JEbony Spring ge * - o Crystal Spring y Spring ºn”:'' a Arsenie o Gri Whirligigol Spring gºri Geyser ; & s $ & * Minute M * Q New Grater 1%ttº& Matº, Geyser * Sºº'." * * Ä Monaré, Geyser *SS.----> Echinus Geyser &re * Fissure. Cold Springs Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin. warm waters. The path leads southwest down the hill past the Echinus Geyser to the platform near the Minute Man Geyser. Three hundred feet southeast of the Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Norris' biggest geyser, the Monarch. Unfortunately this geyser has the varying habit, and it is almost impossible to foretell what its period between eruptions will be. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice. The path continues South 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. to Fearless, Palpitator, Corporal, Viacen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with such uncertain periods of eruptions that they are unsatis- factory to visit. - Congress Pool is on the left of the road south of the old lunch station, and has at times been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different characteristics from what it had the preceding month or what it may have the following month. The Hurricane is now a mud vent on the right of the road south of the Congress Pool. NORRIS. TO LOWER GEYSER BASIN. From Norris the road leads southwest to the Fountain Ranger Station (20 miles). It passes through Elk Park, 2 miles from the junction at Norris, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock formation. Through Gibbon Meadow, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,315 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gib- bon Falls, 5 miles farther on, but there is no forage at the Gibbon Falls camp site, the first camp site beyond Gibbon Meadows where there is forage being on Firehole River, 13 miles from the Gibbon Meadows. - At the south end of Gibbon Meadow a branch road leads to the left to Gibbon (or Artist) Paint Pots, located on the mountain side, 50 feet above the meadow level and a half mile from the loop road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 44 miles from Norris) is a trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monument Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. . It is not, however, of enough interest to the casual vis- itor to pay for the visit, the thermal activity being practicall extinct. * . The road now leads through the main Gibbon, Canyon, for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more prominent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,296 feet) is a fine boiling spring close to the road. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris, altitude 7,100 feet) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (84 miles from Norris), is the very pretty waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left, but it has very little, if any, forage for horses, -YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 39 Ten miles from Norris, the old Mesa Road climbs the mountain to the left, and passes for nearly 5 miles over a rolling sandy country covered by pine forests, and then descends to Firehole River at the Cascades of the Firehole. While this is about a mile shorter than the loop road via Madison Junction, it is not kept up as a tourist road, and the scenery is most uninteresting. The loop road con- tinues down the Gibbon River, passing an interesting hot lake about 13 miles from Norris, to Madison Junction, which is 14% miles from Norris, where the road from the west entrance joins it 13 miles from Yellowstone, Mont. It then turns south up Firehole River, passing Firehole Cascades about 2% miles from Madison Junction, near the west end of the old Mesa Road. There is good fishing in Firehole River for eastern brook, Loch Leven. Von Behr. native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. - Good camp sites are now almost continuous for 2 miles. At the 20-mile post the Fountain Ranger Station is passed; in front of this station a short road to Excelsior Geyser and Upper Gyeser Basin branches out to the right. This short road, however, misses most of the Lower Geyser Basin. One-half mile from the ranger station. Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. LoweR GEYSER BASIN To UPPER GEYSER BASIN (old FAITHFUL INN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAMP).” Lower or Fountain Geyser Basºn (21 miles from Norris, 41 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and 46 miles from Gardiner, 21 miles from the western entrance, altitude 7,240 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of more thorough examination than can be given to the more prominent ones along the road. After passing the old Fountain Hotel and crossing a flat a few hundred feet wide, the road ascends a low hill to the Mammoth Paint Pots, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur everywhere throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. From the unloading platform at the Mammoth Paint Pots a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. From 1911 to 1916 the eruptions were erratic and seldom witnessed, but it has since played quite frequently. - i For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 62. 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. The Clepsytra, Bellefontaine, Jelly, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. They are given little attention because of the greater attractions that lie before the tourist. © South of the Mammoth Paint Pots the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a Southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless it is important to hurry on. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a pair of con- stantly playing geysers, known as the Black Warrior or Steady. LOWER GEYBER BABIN Porcupinge --~~ #3; :::::" § ...? .* •Morning Mist BASIN 21 MLEs ---....” serv'. *CULEx ſº wou" * Basin & * * ..ouagurs & § $2. •, growp § *A A & g º g Sº º 'S & Rush Lafa 3. e o e wº s—" º o Lone Spring Round :ºgourd Fungo ºp º <2. 3, K& & Pitholº º ºf º: º |; st g” ºf- ſº floose Lakesøy # § e º §3 3, & LOWER GEYBER BASINr.” To upper GEY&ER BA81N 7 MILE8 °. Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep Seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradu- ally. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 41 that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a flame of fire. This continues till the bubble bursts, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road” branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, playing every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly considered as one of the sights of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. Between Firehole Lake and the Great Fountain,” Bath Lake, with its bathhouse, is passed; Young Hopeful, Marcissus, Bead, and Pink Cone are all small and interesting geysers. - - To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. * ... -- From the Great Fountain two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of the White Dome. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too feeble to detain the tourist long. - The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from the Great Fountain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Pool, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - - One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring, an exquisite dainty. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prominent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River. Midway Geyser Basin (3 miles from Fountain) is, properly speak- ing, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designation. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Prismatic Lake and Turquoise Spring make them worthy companions. - Biscuit Basin (6 miles from Fountain) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 14 miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the con- stant fishing makes the fish wary. *This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use this road during 1919 Season, but to return to the loop road and take the next left-hand turn to Great Fountain. 42 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Buscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Geyser. - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached . by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are small geysers whose striking formations give them their character- istic names. & Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. ' A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is the Artemisia, Geyser, which has a beautiftil crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action." UPPER GEYSER BASIN: % A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Spring, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. - * The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. The Mortar is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last seven seasons. At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from five to six hours. An overflow from the lower opening presages an eruption within an hour. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Camp- ing not being allowed in the basin, the next camp site is south of Old Faithful Geyser, nearly 2 miles by road from this point. A special camp ground and free public automobile shelter for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided here. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most, in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. , 1 For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 62, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 43 From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any cu- riosities except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by Q- $º & , º, §§ 3 * & © > * §§ & W 9/Mirror Geyser or. ** Iron Springs isia Geyser = , gº •e º ºss : 22*) > * º tº 2% sº & * & tº- Aſº 3. Morning Glorv ſh. ! Spring =}i NRath Geyser § - Mortar Geyser Ž \ W) Riverside Tºx $/ ** * wait ºran's a zºº; Geyser S’ # * gundo º grºž & S. \ Punchbowl Splendº * * { f *.* 3 Q = * Spring º &_* \ || Sº * e * Some 23/?onita ..} § { & * \º . ^ tº jºi. tºº iº: .* • º/Black Sand *... A § fººt Geyser Spring Round os / 42):”” - - Springs ° Kºroplona Geyser E M E R AUL D Ø Yºronati, spring *...* * §Aeauty spring Sunset Lake Springs ſoatia, Yºav" Sºrºo s o Spouter Geyser WS ingo **, #;" o “ºs • Whistle steam went >\ººf, ºdºr gº : º, a fºº §ºoniº Grand #ºr gºs jº - ºš.ºuts gº oup •ry G R O *: Orange Pool ovotta *$º lia Geysey- º &eºiſt Geyser orestº Pool; Nº. º' * > <} Gasºn: N&º **.* Castle Gevº-JºsèSS, 3.” spring gº.gºv.sea j tº: ::::: §§º gºttis Three †" os" Beehive ºf#: - 3.04.--~~"i,gº IPI Bath Hou ytº ºfty - w Store & g H/Ll * 2 RoAD TH- - - - - - - - F. 8&ALE of FEET Old Faithful Old Faithful \ i i I I—I * W 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 2:2 &WA 8&ALE of METERs º I i u %3A 200 400 600 *...* - to YELLow8Ton: * LAKE*19 M! Les Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin. path, p. 44.) The road to the right (the Blacksand Road) is slightly longer and passes many curiosities. * - The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. During the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of the Comet, while over near the edge of the formation is the Splendid. The Comet and Splendid very seldom play. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this neighborhood, are connected. When one of the gey- sers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. A quarter mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is the Punchbowl. Then the Black Sand Spring, Specimen Lake, and the Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the Spouter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Spring is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left, immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake, Handkerchief Pool, and the Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful of the Upper Basin springs: As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes the Three Sisters group of springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn.’ The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads past the shattered cone of the Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, but rather uncertain in its periods. At the right of the Giant are the Bijou and Mastiff, two small geysers that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three pools, normally quiet, but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their water lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of the Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Springs and on to the Economic Geyser. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again, but lately its action has been erratic and some- times months pass without its being seen in action. - A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, which plays 200 feet high in a series of eruptions, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Immediately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the image of a turban seen in a detached piece of its northern rim. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less connected to the Grand, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. r The Triplets, Bulger, and Chimney are for the most part quiet pools, but sometimes violently agitated. The Tardy is a very power- ful little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a sharp YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 45 & whistling noise to each eruption. The Spasmodio is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is the Sawmill Geyser. Here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, perhaps, by some peculiarity of its crater. It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to the Crested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar, in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting some- times continues for several days, and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. - - From this point the path leads to the ranger station on the river bank, where the river is crossed again to the east side on another footbridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill of geyser formation, with a group of four geysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two cubs. The Lioness, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and the large cub, the smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. But the little cub, the smallest opening, plays every two hours, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. To the west on the next elevation is the Devil's Ear, and a little farther on is the Doublet, both quiet boiling springs. Then the path turns to the south to the Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is the Teakettle; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is the Vault; the largest pool is the crater of the . Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach the Giantess too close. It has not much considera- tion for the safety of its visitors and has been known to break forth into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, smiling crater. When this geyser does start the vast masses of erupted Water are wonderful to behold. & Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the south to avoid the small open- ings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between the Giantess and the nearest point of the river. 46 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite on the west side of the river is the small round opening of the Chinaman Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of the Beehive, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. Crossing the bridge below the Beehive and going south to the very head of the basin, the tourist arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists' friend. Other geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beautiful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and in addition it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of welcoming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist. The head of the Upper Basin is 9 miles from the Lower Basin, 30 miles from Norris, 50 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 55 miles from Gardiner, 28 miles from Yellowstone, and the altitude is 7,330 feet. A general store, bath house, and a picture shop are located here near the hotel. Here also, just south of Old Faithful, are located the Upper Geyser Basin Camp and the free public automobile camp and shelter. The road leaves the basin south of the Old Faith- ful for the Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, 19 miles away. There are camp sites south of Old Faithful for a half mile or as far as the first wagon bridge across Firehole River. Forage, however, is lacking at these sites. The next camp site is 3% miles farther, on the branch road to the Lone Star Geyser, which is three-quarters of a mile from the main road. SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITHFUL INN AND UPPER GEYSER BASIN CAMP. Shoshone Lake and Geyser Basin.-Four and one-half miles by road via Lone Star Geyser, thence 8 miles via well-marked trail. Union Geyser 100 feet high; Bronze Geyser. Fishing for Loch Leven, lake, and eastern brook trout. Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-seven miles (25 outside of park). Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Fare for round trip Upper Geyser Basin to Jackson Lake and return to Canyon Hotel or Camp, $10. Board and lodging at Sheffield's resort, $4 per day and up. UPPER GEYSER BASIN To THUMB of YELLOWSTONE LAKE. As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 47 . At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (34 miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to the Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 40 minutes, height 40 to 60 feet, altitude 7,600 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. - The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 84 miles from Upper Basin, at an altitude of 8,240 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. - - - Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Corkscrew Hill to a little valley at De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site to the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. - - - Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake in in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Sho- shone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,345 feet (15% miles from Upper Basin). From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. As the road leads out to the lake shore the ranger station is on the left where the road forks. The road to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Boundary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the loop road. THE THUMB. At the Thumb the tourist should see The Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more bril- liantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake, a quarter mile north of the boat landing. The Lakeshore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around The Paint Pots. 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK. THUMB To LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP. The road from Thumb (19 miles from Upper Basin, 28 miles from Lower Basin, 49 miles from Norris, 69 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 74 miles from Gardiner, 48 miles from Yellowstone, altitude of Yellowstone Lake, 7,741 feet) follows the shore of Lake Yellowstone for about 5 miles. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, and on Bridge Creek, 11 miles from Thumb. , - As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheri- dam to the south are had. Near the top of the hill is obtained a fine view of Thumb Bay on the right; a little later the Knotted Woods on the left are passed. The road then traverses a rolling table-land covered with dense pines. At a point 10 miles from Thumb the road crosses Bridge Creek; a half mile farther on is a camp site. The Natural Bridge is about 11% miles from Thumb; it is 200 yards from the road on the left and in plain sight. There is a camp site at this point, and from here to the Yellowstone Canyon good camp sites are numerous. A special site and a free public automobile shelter for motorists desiring to make camp are reserved near the Lake Outlet. At the Lake Hotel (15.1 miles from Thumb, 34 miles from Upper Basin, 43 miles from Lower Basin, 64 miles from Norris, 84 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 89 miles from Gardiner, 63 miles from Yellowstone) are the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Camp is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the out- let of the lake, 14 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. $ g LAKE HOTEL AND CAMP TO GRAND CANYON. Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Camp the road to East Boundary and Cody branches off to the right. Seven and one-half miles from Lake Hotel there are platforms for tourists wishing to see Mud Geyser and Grotto Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley and them enters a narrow valley by side of the Yellowstone River. - Fifteen miles from Lake Hotel, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across the Chittenden Bridge to the Cam- gon Camp. This camp is most attractively located among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim * * - & s: * * - & * * # *. - .* - & •3 º - * - - * . - 3. r -* ** * .** 4. * .* & 3. * tº e - - - - © - * t * º f ** & . - * t & * +. & ** $ $ Note: Hotel and permanent camp at Yellowstone Lake, will not be operated during the season of 1919. § - |flºšč; *Nºrdº sº<- Hélºïs Mtn ſ « » ſº - -I 83 o º º ‘4 o # MONIANA- ... souncéº- –45. 45. - [Yellowstone Park § - - SS T T WOWING LIN 00 OO's REE Express-Store-Garaše UPT'S OFFICE 2,4- / S/. F &AA"///VA/PA/VEA’ <> WrºſſG CAUTO CAMP - º ~ - D SHELTER /Mºrn/norh AºSørøye. WDGaſ <2* \ 2\* @ Cr ~~ 35 M S i - ~ gray pºgodos” ſº /5 sºs gº º ºn PK Š * / . #33. - sº ( #Bunsen)PK (9100) Az O X. Toº Q. / * Wºr-Tººls Petrified Tre >222- & sº º:S K CAMP EVA/VA//zA Ce - l, 7ower-Aſ&// - Buffalo cº’9 & 5 Gasoline-Oils Jº A/º/d6E - %) Q Fol Pk ose rooroºo <- OWºlls arm cº º A& N --" - - Olson - - sts OO * § s § º –| Cſ. / wn Gasoline-Oi / da Butt The § & >] - 89% Q / Xo :Fossil & Soda butte Needle *...gee Rivers P. S ..—Apo/narrs Sorºny | A9 & º \ • Forest N \ - cº White Pks sidian Cliff | / \ \ºes Aºthyst Minº %hô Springs & asocº - º s. ſt z|Haynes |\o M, *\ º $15. Gºzzº & * ºf cºhe Wood's & Wishbºr of Picture | \º **o &\ : O'z 7 §YS - D P ió000 ſ) | Shop_j & º 2I- vo -- unraven Pass 2.3% & tº- o \\ - 5– / §§Roaring Mtn ºscale ., S. < - O - \! 8000 Fata- 239.2%Y Yx - an ! Tºwn | K? o Ž Lakes L-9érète— § $9 & sº - - º - * Cr- | TFTWiT ºš.24; cºa gº - R.R.Sta-P0.-Express ---- l ºr Faab re *~Arłist P+ Saddle Mtn Hotels-Store-Garage |-- ..º. 3to CANYON CAMP to 000 / -- 30 M. S. § wº º - l Gasoline-Oils " 7-a-AºAceſ § Nº ɺro cAM NC///777A:/WDE/W BA’/D GA. APOAD C PUBLIC AUTO CAMP /ron 'S - AND SHELTER - &- Spring Beyºor ( \ K - well-Yaois” ºf wo. '650/7/3// s 9 § N #9500 Q Y5 . - *> 12–2 ~~ º, 2 %22% ºf CŞ. W - º 3%. Pelican Cone iskersidº” ºs { º & t / *::\{*** - - § - - ---------- “eº. 5' ºs, TFE. z º. ºº - ~<-43/~s Ǻ c- *… . . . ºr ºr ºn sºn - engºo gºeſ - rea. | * * s . … 34.3%,…~~ # inseilal 2.5-4→H-4 2. - - -º-o-º: z - - º º-º-º-º- - ºn Nº. ------ – º º º sºlº º º ** tº Nº-º-º/ . *A* - Aº ka. T E E. Pt -- #|s & º * - -º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: X o P. - §N2 SN H te-store-Gar | §§ 3 - - § toºed wºod's R } - º | Taşa, O ke |QDY - vſ. Nº - - - - 4.1 . - - - c - - M º 3. sº ºpes continew .4% ºf Natural Bri Sº 34 y- 20 3" .222 2|−. *|† Jºſ. 7% º ºſ gº sº.2%;" *- per Basin\BAS} N ºn O Gſ. va |DA Y- — IN ppe - o/A# w/92. *- \ * / X *> Ç/ear # 970 & A ~, ass - OLD FAITH FUL INN |___- £ºlº.S & eºſº - }*AZ £&% / Grizzly Pk t l Store-Garage e * } ºv. - §9;is | Cººl | ! | \º ºr £5Mr. J Y3// & iſ S. >{{ſ * ENTRANCE | --- -FREE - - 2, "aº -- PUBLIC AUTO CAMP \ { Thurº)) Nº - AND SHELTER / Aome 5%r - s N S * #M. angford - | N Geyser N , qº | Brimstone |UPPER gºFR BASIN / § \ & Basin CŞ | CAMP º - - § z º & \ hosho ſº ^\\ $ azy 7,950 º || || & Geyser & -- \- \ --~~ - TWA J% - º- -> - --- u 3. *M+Shu *- U - Y - \ - \ e < Colter Pk Sº Heart Lake - ºld;" Table M+n." 3. o co # V. x|Geyser Basiry in z: to 800 P ITC HSTON E PLATEAU | / + \\ 9// ado" S ºr ( A < CŞ. | 40zerlook Mtn g * \, \ (W/. SCALE & W $ 34.00 < * \ . falº 2 4- 6 8 10 Mill_ES § -/ Mouſ! $/* d. x, \, . . So, 2: - . 1919. §ſ' N i § ſ 3. - - jº's Qu * - A N /ESOUTHENTRANCE N - 3% jº. or § jº *ślowPK N § A ºr Cºns k •p 4." ſ Gnô2-3, --> _- l ~ 44. — - w"T w |O $Wºº L. º \ \\ S., . - to - - ancock \ --S- 2A ~% - "Mºaakº Bizar-->4–. *— A-. " k— — | | | *00' A roaroº Aw ilo"30" - 110°00' 25 A*/A as - G3 Denotes Ranger Station MAP OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK *— Direction of Travel Disrances given are befºreen main/oofaz's by road. ENGRAVED AND PRINTED BY THE us. Geologica, -unvey * “at YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 49 that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon seen to advantage. - The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the platform at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther on the left are the special camp site and free public automobile shelter for private par- ties traveling in automobiles, and opposite, on the right, is the ranger station, and store where supplies can be purchased, and then shortly after the roads fork again. This is Canyon Junction, 16 miles from Lake, 31 miles from Thumb, 50 miles from Upper Basin, 59 miles from Lower Basin, 80 miles from Norris, 100 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, 105 miles from Gardiner; altitude, 7,850 feet. Camp sites are opposite ‘the ranger station and across Chittenden Bridge. The road to the right leads to Lower Falls, to the northern side of the Grand Canyon, the Canyon Hotel, and Mount Washburn. There is good fishing in Yellowstone River and Cascade Creek. . SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND cAMP. Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-two miles (25 outside of park), Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Fare for round trip in automobile, $10. Board and lodging at Sheffield's resort, $4 per day and up. º Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. - Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. GRAND CANYON. If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often over- looked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high, but is dangerous. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. The loop road turns out to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel, Dunraven Pass, Mount Wash- burn, and Tower Falls. The road to the right leads to Inspiration Point. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. . On the branch road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep and somewhat dangerous trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. ". But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower -*= % Roº ºwes Falls via ſr.WABHsuan of ponraven Pass N * * - .* 87-º-º-º-e § Sº "adº; º 2\ S. * CŞ *A* º Willº §§º:=#: ºš º \ º º | A Trail to Crystal Falls and Lower Falls B Stairs to Lower Falls C Lookout Point *::::: D Grand View - w" || E Trail and stairs to Upper Falls | Forest sprs.º No bridge here ſº SCALE OF MILE8 Road To, Il ſº f I —T- —I LAKE M % 1 % 0. - 1 Sketch map of Grand Canyon. * Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have risen through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes and hence retains its dark-gray walls. - - A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only glacier bowlder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This bowlder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 51 There are several most interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, etc., to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horseback, via good trails. Most of these can be made safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. - - GRAND CANYON TO NORRIS. On the road from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile and then the road winds through timber-covered rolling country to Virginia. Meadows, altitude 7,765 feet, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, where there. is a camp site and the fishing is good. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its north bank past the Virginia Cas- cades to Norris Geyser Basin, 11 miles from Canyon Junction. GRAND CANYON TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS WIA MOUNT WASHBURN AND TOWER FALLS. & In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until after July 1. It leads up past the Canyon Hotel. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven. Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an altitude of 8,800 feet. These are not, very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn: - . At Dunraven, Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,000 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numberless opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. An unloading platform is 103115°–19—4 52 * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, reached just before crossing the bridge over Tower Creek and a path leading over the hill reaches the bottom of the canyon below Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the Falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. About one-fourth mile after passing Tower Creek bridge a bridle trail leads down to the brink of Tower Falls. The two columnar walls in the sides of the canyon across the Yellow- stone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The next camp site is near Tower Falls Ranger Station, 2 miles farther on. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a wonderful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. - Shortly after the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Tower Falls Camp, and one to the right to the main buffalo corral, 12 miles, and to Soda Butte, 17 miles. There is a .very pretty walk back of Tower Falls Camp up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Next is the ranger station. The next camp site is 1 mile farther, where a road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Trees, three-fourths mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Trees Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just beyond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. A mile and a half beyond this creek the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet), remark- able for the development of basalt in the walls of its canyon (East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon). It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. • At Gardiner River, 18 miles from Tower Falls, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mam- moth Hot Springs. * YELLOWSTONE, MonT. (WESTERN ENTRANCE), To Loop RoAD. Yellowstone, Mont., is the terminus of Oregon Short Line Rail- road, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 53 supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. - The road lies up Madison. River to the junction of Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13 miles), where the loop road is reached. At Yel- lowstone the road lies through a level country, and, as the river is ascended, low, hills appear on either side. They increase in height as the river is ascended until they culminate in Mount Burley on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 74 miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from Yellowstone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE TO LOOP ROAD. Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 55.4 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily, beginning July 1. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. Camping parties from Cody would do well to carry with them feed and forage enough for the first 40 miles, as most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequen camp sites to the park boundary. - - - Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. Wm. F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River, and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermopolis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. --- Leaving Cody for the trip to Yellowstone Park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, across the Shoshone River, and thence to the plain opposite the town. From here the road turns southwestward through the plains and runs for several miles through an arid, tree- less waste. The sulphur mill on the east side of the river stands out prominently a short distance from Cody. - • The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain, and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Reclamation Service of the Department of the Interior blasted from the solid rock a splendid road 8 miles long. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. This is the road that is traveled through 54 YELLowsTone NATIONAL PARK. the gorge and out to the park. The Government found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam, itself is reached. This dam is the second highest in the world, 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Duilding in New York. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water in 1916 was $601,000, and only about one-sixth of the irrigable area was cropped. - Leaving the dam, the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scientists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite 'mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Sho- shone gorge. - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North. Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of sev- eral large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big-game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red sandstone and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Chimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephant's Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species - of trees are Douglas fir and Engleman spruce. . . .” Just after crossing the Middle-Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the par boundary at the Eastern Gateway is reached. & YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - 55 At the eastern entrance to the park is located a ranger station and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,650 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, Surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Syl- van Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,350 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. There is another camp site 4 miles beyond Cub Creek. . . . - - Turbid Lake, altitude 7,900 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, has a camp site at its southern end. This lake is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water for camp purposes in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from th eastern boundary of the park. * MoRAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE To Loop RoAD. Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the Southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. B. D. Sheffield operates an excellent permanent camp on the north side of Snake River just be- low the great reclamation dam. The location is opposite the mag- nificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. - . - This mountain group is a magnificent outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plain. It begins in low elevations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; South of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north-south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forrellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises appar- ently perpendicularly more than 7,000 feet from the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the Summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. glaciers. They constitute, therefore, a Supreme Scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Game preserves protect the elk as far south as Snake River. Below that large numbers are killed by hunters in Season, doubtless including many of the natural denizens of the national park which have strayed across the river. There are fertile farms south of Snake River. From Jackson Lake reclaimed waters fertilize a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system include 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines have a length of 69 miles. - * At the southern entrance of the park, altitude 6,850 feet, is the ranger station. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is 8 miles farther on. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 14 miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to Lewis Falls (upper, 80 feet high; lower, 50 feet high), altitude 7,650 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the burned sec- tion the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. Lewis Lake, altitude 7,720 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheridan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. 4. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 8,000 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park. * TOWER FALLS TO BUFFALO FARM, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE CITY, MonT. - Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke City, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 57 -. the flat. Good camp sites are frequent and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 23 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the Smooth, round, glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. - Leaving the canyon, the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Farm (30 miles from Mam- moth Hot Springs), where a herd of nearly 400 head of buffalo (bison) are maintained by the Government. Five miles beyond the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right 36 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, with the Soda Butte Ranger Station on the left. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the Butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the Butte. The northeast boundary is crossed (53 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest, 3 miles before reaching Cooke City. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. TRAILS IN AND ABOUT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, The following notes on Yellowstone trails were prepared for this publication by Mrs. Robert C. Morris, of New York City, after she returned from an extensive horseback tour of the park which occu- pied the entire summer of 1917. - There are various ways by which the park may be entered by trail, but the best starting points for trail trips are the hotels and camps in the park itself. Parties may be outfitted, however, at Gardiner, Mont., Yellowstone, Mont., and Cody, Wyo. From Cody the road must be followed a considerable distance until trails can be reached. Starting from the northern gateway at Gardiner, the trail of the old military road leads to Mammoth Hot Springs, and thence through Snow Pass to Swan Lake Flats and to the valley of the Gal- latin River on the west side of the park, by way of either Sportsman Lake or Fawn Pass. There is a good camp site back of the hotel at Mammoth Hot Springs and another at Gardiner River, 7 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, in the direction of Norris Geyser Basin. At the bridge near this latter camp site the Riverside-Willow Park trail starts and leads westward to Riverside Ranger Station, where it con- 1 Trails are printed in green on map in center of this circular. 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL. PARE. nects with the trail running to Fountain Ranger Station. From the latter station the easterly section of the park, may be reached by taking the trail up Nez Perce Creek. . - $ Another trail from Gardiner into the park may be followed by crossing the Gardiner River just inside the line and following the Turkeypen trail until it strikes the road, and thence to the ranger station at Tower Falls, from which point the road to Cooke City, Mont., may be followed across the bridge spanning the Yellowstone River, and continuing until the bridge at the Lamar River is reached. At this point there are two trails which can be taken—one leading to Slough Creek, the other back to Gardiner along the north bank of the Lamar and Yellowstone Rivers. These routes from Gardiner to the Lamar bridge and back are very attractive because of the country they traverse, which is high and rolling, with beautiful trees, abundant grass, and much wild life. Elk and antelope are fre- quently met, a few buffalo graze on the meadows and side hills, and in the wooded places there are many bear. The country can be readily traveled, and there are plenty of good camp sites with fine Water. - About a mile after crossing the bridge at the Yellowstone, before mentioned, the Specimen Ridge trail leaves the road from the right- hand side and follows up the point of Specimen Ridge and along the westerly slope until reaching Amethyst Mountain, where it descends sharply, down the valley of Chalcedony Creek to the valley of the Lamar, where connection may be made with the Mary Bay–Lamar. River trail at the ford of the Lamar above the mouth of Soda Butte Creek. At the eastern end of Amethyst Mountain is located the great fossil forest. Here is a cliff composed of 12 different volcanic strata, and in each stratum can be seen standing the trunks of petrified trees. During 12 distinct geological epochs forests thrived here and were buried by volcanic material. Some trunks stand as high as 40 feet and they vary from 1 to 10 feet in diameter. Redwood, walnut, oak, and many other trees not now growing in the park have been identi- fied. - The trail to Slough Creek leaves the road on the other side of the Lamar bridge and runs thence through a canyon, continuing up the valley of Slough Creek until it leaves the park at the Ames ranch. From this point the Tucker Creek trail can be taken over the moun- tains to Buffalo Fork, and from there over a high plateau and down to Hellroaring River, which can be readily forded. From this ford a well-defined trail leads over the mountains by the old mining town of Jardine, Mont., from whence the road must be followed back to Gardiner. This route from Slough Creek to Gardiner runs through the Absaroka National Forest, which is one of the few accessible * YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK. 59. places adjacent to the park still open to big game hunting. The best camp sites are along the three streams, Hellroaring River, Buffalo Fork, and Slough Creek. - On leaving the Ames ranch a trip by trail may be continued out- side of the park up Slough Creek past Duret's ranch to Lake Abund- ance, at either end of which are good sites for a camp. This lake received its name because of the abundance of fish to be found in its waters, and, although it is much visited, the supply seems to be inexhaustible. - - Leaving Lake Abundance the trail runs to the Stillwater Basin, where it branches, one part leading to Cooke City and the other down the Stillwater River, a two days’ journey, to the ranch lands in the foothills of the Absaroka Range. This trail is rough but entirely passable. The trail to Cooke City is about 9 miles in length from Lake Abundance. Cooke City, a quaint little mining camp, is a rare reminder of pioneer days. It is surrounded by Some of the most imposing moun- tains in this section, and radiating from it are numerous paths which can be followed on horseback. One may go up into the Granite Range to Goose Lake, which lies at an altitude of 10,000 feet, by a rough wagon road, a distance of about 12 miles. - - * Goose Lake is volcanic in its surroundings, but sufficient grazing for horses can be found there; and from the head of the lake a grad- ual climb of about a mile and a half brings one to the Grasshopper . Glacier, so named because of the fact that the remains of grasshoppers are imbedded in the ice where they were caught by a Snowstorm at some remote time in a flight across the pass. This glacier is the source of the West Rosebud River, which forms itself into a series of lakes and is practically inaccessible. - Another trail from Cooke City follows the wagon road to Clarks Fork and thence to the southward over Dead Indian Hill through Sunlight Basin to Cody, where the road leads back into the park over Sylvan Pass to Yellowstone Lake. In starting from Cody this route can be reversed if desired. - . . Many trails lead from Cooke City into the rough and jagged Granite Range to beautiful and seldom-visited lakes and streams, where excellent fishing may be obtained. There is also the main road leading back into the park, which may be followed to the Lamar River. - On the upper waters of the Lamar are various tributary creeks. One of these is Cache Creek, on which is located Death Gulch, a place where deadly fumes are said to issue from the ground and where Wahb, that famous grizzly of fiction, passed on to the happy hunting grounds of his fathers. Another is Miller Creek, leading to the 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Hoodoo region, a section of weird and fantastic formations, which was regarded by the Indians in the old days with superstitious awe. From the Lamar River a trail may be struck as shown on the map, which will lead to Mary Bay on Yellowstone Lake, or where the Cody road is encountered it may be followed past Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill's former hunting lodge, to Cody. This road can be taken from Cody, either to reverse the trail above described or to strike the trail leading to Mary Bay for the trip to the south around Yellowstone Lake. * - Taking the trail at Mary Bay a trip can be made to one of the most unfrequented portions of the park, which lies east and south of Yel- lowstone Lake. For several miles the pebble beach of the eastern shore of the lake is followed, though at times the shore line is left and the forest entered, affording attractive scenes through glades which form vistas of water and distant mountains. From some of the rocky headlands a sweeping view of from 50 to 60 miles may be obtained. At the southern end of the lake the trail follows the valley of the upper Yellowstone River to Bridger Lake, which lies at the foot of JHawks Rest, and in which excellent fishing can be had. This valley is one vast tract of beaver operations, and moose abound as well as other large game, such as elk, deer, and bear. The mountains to the east are rugged and picturesque. The Trident and Colters Peak loom impressively, forming an ever-changing aspect while following the trail. *... . From Bridger Lake a trail can be taken over Two Ocean Pass by following up Atlantic Creek and down Pacific Creek to the famous Jackson Hole country. Two Ocean Pass présents one of the most remarkable geological phenomena in the world; here two streams, One flowing north and the other south, empty into a pass which runs east and west. Each stream divides, one-half of it flows east to the Atlantic, the other half west to the Pacific, thus forming a continuous water route over the Continental Divide. It is assumed that it was by this way that trout first worked into Yellowstone Lake, which is otherwise naturally inaccessible to them owing to the two falls of the Yellowstone River. - * At the old snowshoe cabin on Thorofare Creek, which empties into the Yellowstone River about 2 miles north of the park line, the south boundary trail can be struck and followed westward to the west boundary of the park. This trail crosses the Continental Divide and Big Game Ridge and then follows down the Snake River Valley to the Snake River Ranger Station. Crossing Big Game Ridge one of the most extended and beautiful views of the park is obtained. Heart Lake is plainly seen, with Mount Sheridan and the Tetons in all their .# YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. 61 majesty. Much game may be observed, as this is one of the favorite summer ranges of the elk, which roam this country in countless herds. On leaving the ranger station at Snake River the road can be- taken south to Jackson Lake and Moran, Wyo. The Jackson Hole country is a veritable paradise for fishermen, and it also is one of the most beautiful sections of this country from a scenic standpoint, as it is barricaded by the Teton Range of snow-covered peaks rising to an altitude of nearly 14,000 feet. From Snake River Ranger Station the trail to the west connects with the west boundary at Bechler Ranger Station. - - As will be seen by the map a trail branches to the northward at a point on the westerly base of Big Game Ridge, which leads to Heart Lake, where large native trout may be caught. This lake is domi- nated on the west by impressive Mount Sheridan and is very pic- turesque. The trail leads on to Lewis Lake, which is beside the main road running between Yellowstone Lake and Jackson Hole. From Lewis Lake the road must be followed north about 2 miles, where the trail strikes northwest to Shoshone Lake outlet. This lake is noted for its enormous Mackinaw trout and is an ideal spot for the fisher- Iſlall. Leaving the outlet the trail can be followed in two ways—one, around the eastern end along De Lacy Creek and through Norris Pass to the road between Upper Basin and the Thumb, and thence either to Yellowstone Lake or to Old Faithful; the other leads by the south side of the lake up Shoshone Creek to Lone Star Geyser, which is 4 miles by road to Old Faithful. From Old Faithful, which is at Upper Basin, the trail runs westward past Summit Lake to the west boundary of the park, which is followed by a trail for a distance of about 56 miles north and south, the south trail leading to Bechler Ranger Station and the north trail to Gallatin Ranger Station. From Upper Basin the road must be taken for about 9 miles until Nez Perce Creek is reached, up which one can travel on the old mili- tary trail which Gen. O. O. Howard made when in pursuit of Chief Joseph on the wonderful march of that great warrior in the Indian campaign of 1877. The route passes Mary Lake and continues to Alum Creek. This creek runs through Hayden Valley, a great roll- ing prairie where the wild buffalo formerly roamed and where now vast bands of elk can be seen during the Summer months. From the point where Alum Creek intercepts the road the distance is about 3 miles to the Canyon Hotel and about 2 miles to the Canyon Camp. Before reaching the camp the graceful Chittenden Bridge over the Yellowstone River must be crossed. At the easterly end of this bridge is a trail leading up the east side of the Yellow- stone Valley to the bridge crossing the river at the outlet of the lake. 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Here the road can be followed eastward to Indian Pond, where striking to the south the trail may be found which runs to Mary Bay for the upper Yellowstone. This road also leads to Cody and the Lamar River trail is met about a quarter of a mile east of Indian Pond. - • Both the Canyon Hotel and the Canyon Camp have various trails branching out from them which offer day trips; but the main trails are to Norris Basin by way of Cascade Lake, Grebe Lake, Virginia Meadows, and the road, and to Tower Falls by way of Blacktail Ridge Trail to Petrified Trees and the road to Tower Falls Ranger. Station. 4. • * * There is also an excellent trail—and, by the way, this is one of the oldest trails in the park—which leaves the Inspiration Point road at the glacial bowlder known as the Devils Watchcharm and follows around the easterly base of Mount Washburn to Tower Creek bridge, where it joins the road to Tower Falls Ranger Station, and branch trails may be taken to the top of the mountain from either side. It is in good condition and presents a most attractive route, passing through a section of beautiful scenery and towering mountains. From Tower Falls, as has been previously stated, connecting trails can be found reaching the north boundary by the way of Slough Creek and the trail on the north bank of the Lamar and Yellowstone Rivers back to Gardiner. * * * --- * - The traveler by horse, or the camper, need not confine himself to the trails here described, as there are many directions in which he can go if he will do some pioneer work. These notes are merely intended to give a general view of the leading trails in an extensive system which is being developed from year to year. - PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs. The most important geysers and springs are listed below. [Based upon observations, season 1917.j NORTRIS BASIN. . Name. Hº: Duration of eruption. intºeen Remarks. Feet, g * * * * Black Growler---------|--------------------------------|------------------------ Steam vent only. Constant----...-------- 15–35 | 5 to 15 seconds.....:-} 20 to 55 seconds....... - Congress Pool Large boiling spring. Echinus---------------- 30 || 3 minutes........... 45 to 50 minutes... - - - - Emerald Pool - Beautiful hot spring. urricane-------------- 6-8 l----------------------|------------------------ Continuous. Minute Man------------ 8–15 || 15 to 30 seconds - - - - - 1 to 3 minutes......... Sometimes quiet for - & wº - long periods. Monarch............... 100–125 || 6 minutes. -- - - - - - - -. Irregular---........... New Crater - - - - - - - - - - - - 6–25 || 1 to 4 minutes....... 2 to 5 minutes...... --- Valentine-------------- 60 | 15 to 60 minutes..... Irregular----------...- hirligig.-------------- 10–15 || 10 Seconds do - Near Constant Geyser. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 63 Prominent geysers and springs—Continued. - LOWER BASIN. Name. *:::::: Duration of eruption. intº€erl - Remarks. Black Warrior Cºnnti - \Small but interesting White Dome-...----... 10 || 1 minute. ----------- 40 to 60 minutes------. geysers. Clepsytra -------------- 10–40 | Few seconds........ 3 minutes------------- Fountain Geyser---...-- 75 | 10 minutes----------| 8Pºllar - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Firehole Lake - Peculiar phenomena. Sreat Fountain. --------| 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes... ---| 8 to 12 hours. -- - - - -...] Spouts 4 or 5 times. Mammoth Paint Pots Basin of boiling clay. Tºxºolsior 200–300 || About 3 hour Ceased playing in 1888. Prismatic Lake *— Size about 250 by 400 & feet; remarkable col- - - oring. Turquoise Spring - - - About 100 feet in diam- eter. UPPER BASIN. * 10 to 15 minutes----- | 24 to 30 hours......... | Varies. 200 || 6 to 8 minutes.------| 3 to 5 times at 12-hour - intervals following ianteSS. Cascade----------------|----------|------- Quiet again. Castle------------------ 50–75 || 30 minutes: - - - - - - - ..] 24 to 26 hours... -----. Quiet 4 to 7 days, then plays 3 or 4 times at intervals stated. Cub, large-------------- 8 minutes........... With Lioness - - - - - - - - - Short chimneys to Cub, Small------------- 10–30 / 17 minutes.......... hours--------------- Lion and Lioness. Daisy------------------ 70 || 3 minutes. -----...--- 85 to 90 minutes....... g - Economic-------------- 20 | Few seconds.. t - Seldom in eruption. Fan-------------------- 15–25 l 10 minutes - - - - - - - - - - Irregular-------------- łiant-------* - - - - - - - - - - 25 0 minutes. ---------| 6 to 14 days. ---------. Giantess----------...-- 150–200 | 12 to 36 hours. . . . . . . Irregular, 5 to 40 days. §rand . 15 to 30 minutes.----| Irregular, 1 to 2 days...] Frequent during 1915. Grotto----------------- 20–30 || Varies 2 to 5 hours - Jewel------------------ 5–20 | About 1 minute.....! 5 minutes------------- Lion------------------- 50–60 || About 2to 4 minutes.|Irregular.............. tºy 2 to 17 times a Lioness---------------- 80–100 | About 10 minutes do Played once in 1910 g once in 1912, and Once early in 1914. 30 || 4 to 6 minutes do A. 20–40 || 7 minutes.....------ 8 to 15 hours. - - - - - - - - - 120–170 l 4 minutes----...---- 65 to 80 minutes.-----. U. interval 75 min- UlúðS. - 80–100 | 15 minutes. 6 hours Very regular. Sawmill---------------- 20–35 | 1 to 3 hours......... Irregular-------------- Vºy 5 to 8 times a ay. Spasmodic............. 4 || 20 to 60 minutes do Usually 1 to 4 times a ay. Splendid.----------.... 200 || 10 minutes. - Not played since 1892. Turban---------------- 20–40 || 10 minutes to 3 hours. Irregular...... -------. Notable springs.-Black Sand Spring (about 55 by 60 feet), Chinaman, Emer- ald Pool, Morning Glory, Punch Bowl, Sponge, Sunset Lake. FISHEs. Following is a list of the principal game fishes of the park. A Special report on this subject, by Dr. W. C. Kendall, of the Bureau of Fisheries, has been published by that bureau and is available for distribution. This document, entitled “The Fishes of the Yellow- stone National Park,” contains a figure of each of the fish species known from park waters, together with n tion, game qualities, etc. otes on their size, distribu- 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. Blackspotted or out-throat trout (Salmo clarkii).-Native to many park waters. Without doubt reached Upper Yellowstone and Yel- lowstone Lake from Pacific Slope through Two-Ocean Pass during high water in spring. TWhitefish (Coregonus williamsoni).-Native to Yellowstone River below falls, and Gardiner, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers. Planted in Yellowstone River above the falls. Grayling (Thymallus montanus).-Native to Madison and Galla- tin Rivers and branches. Eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).-Planted. Loch Leven trout (Salmo levemensis).--Planted. & Brown trout (Salmo fario).--Planted. Rainbow trout (Salmo irideus).-Planted. Lake trout (Cristivomer namayoush).--Planted. w Land-locked salmon and black bass have been planted in the park, but apparently did not thrive, as they have never been seen since they were planted. * WILD ANIMALS. Wild elk, deer, and antelope are numerous in the park; and moose, bison, mountain sheep, black, brown, and grizzly bears, wolves, coy- otes, mountain lions, and the smaller fur-bearing animals are found. Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near all hotels and camps and occasionally elsewhere; but most of the other wild animals live high up in the mountains or in remote parts of the park during the summer, and, tourists who see more than occasional deer and coyotes and the antelope which frequent the valley near Gardiner may consider themselves fortunate unless they are willing to take the time to visit their summer habitats. Then, with care, they may see many. In winter, elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. The following data on the mammals of the park have been collected and prepared for publication by Mr. Vernon Bailey of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Department of Agriculture. Order UNGULATA: Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Antelopes, and Deer. Family BovidAE: Cattle, Sheep, and Goats. Bison or Buffalo.—Bison bison bison (Linnaeus)—At the present time there are two buffalo herds in the park, known as the tame herd and the wild herd. The tame herd has increased from 20 animals, introduced in 1902, to 385 in October, 1918. During the winter this YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 65 herd is kept under fence at the buffalo ranch on Lamar River below the mouth of Soda. Butte Creek, where the animals are fed on hay. In summer they are driven up the Lamar River where they spend most of the season in the valley of Calfee Creek. The wild herd is a remnant of the native buffalo of the park which summer in the mountains between Yellowstone Lake and the upper Lamar River, and winter in the valley of Pelican Creek. During the summer of 1912, 37 animals were counted in this herd; in 1914, 38; and in the spring of 1917, 67 were reported. w Mountain sheep—Ovis canadensis canadensis Shaw.—Mountain sheep occupy most of the higher ranges in the Yellowstone Park dur- ing summer and come down into the lower valleys and canyons before the deep snows of winter. In 1907, 200 were estimated within the area of the park by the park Scouts and about 70 were fed hay along the road between Gardiner and Fort Yellowstone. During the win- ter of 1910–11 about 60 were counted along this part of the road and 150 were reported on the Buffalo Plateau, near Tower Falls, and on Mount Everts. During the spring of 1916, 46 sheep were counted along the Gardiner River Canyon and on the slopes of Mount Everts; 44 on Specimen Ridge and along the Yellowstone River below the Grand Canyon; 17 on Mount Norris; and a few on Junc- tion Butte and the Buffalo Plateau; but the actual number of in- dividuals was not determined with any degree of acquracy. It is probable that there are not more than 200 sheep in the park at the present time. In winter they are among the tamest of the wild animals and often allow teams to pass within a few feet, and even pedestrians with cameras to approach within a short distance as they feed on the hay that has been scattered for them along the roads. - - * [Mountain Goat.—Oreamnos montanus missoulae Allen.—Mountain goats have been reported from the Teton Mountains and Yellowstone Park, but there is no authentic record of their occurrence nearer to the park than the Bitterroot Mountains in western Montana and the Lost River Mountains in Idaho.] Family ANTILOCAPRIDAE: Prong-horned Antelope. Prong-horned Antelope.—Antilocapra americana americana (Ord).- Antelope are still common in the northern part in the open valleys of the Yellowstone, Gardiner, and Lamar Rivers in summer; but with the first heavy snows they drift down into the Gardiner Valley, where they spend the winter between Mount Everts and the fence along the northern line of the park. About 2,000 antelope were esti- mated in the park herd during the winter of 1910 and 500 during the spring of 1916. In April most of the antelope scatter out over the higher valleys for their summer range, where the young are born 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. and raised, but a few always remain in the Gardiner Valley; where they form one of the interesting features of animal life along the stage road or in the alfalfa patch in front of the town. - Family CERVIDAE: Moose, Elk, and Deer. Yellowstone Moose.-Alces americanus shirasi Nelson.—During the summer of 1910 Hon. George Shiras, 3d, estimated the number of moose in the upper Yellowstone Valley at 1,500, basing his esti- mate on about 300 individuals which he counted and the general abundance of the animal over that part of the park. There are a few along the Lamar River and its tributaries and across the south- ern part of the park, and they are occasionally seen along its western border. They keep mainly within the forest and thickets, so that their numbers are not easily ascertained, but evidently they are in- creasing in abundance. They may be seen along almost any of the trails in the southern part of the park, and a day’s trip with a boat from the hotel points on Yellowstone Lake may be made into the very heart of the best moose country. - American Elk, or Wapiti.--Cervus canadensis canadensis Erx- leben.—At certain times elk occupy the Yellowstone, Park in great numbers, but with these gregarious and migratory animals any state- ment of the actual numbers within the park limits must be modified according to season and conditions. In winter the numbers may run below 10,000 and in summer as high as 30,000. During the spring elk drift back toward the higher mountains, where they spend most of the midsummer near or above timberline. The herds gather into these elevated areas from all directions, but as soon as the snows of autumn begin to fall they start on their annual journey to the Iower country, and in a winter of deep Snow a great part of the animals leave the park. Large numbers usually winter in the Yel- lowstone and Gardiner River valleys, and a few small herds and especially the old bulls remain scattered through many of the middle valleys of the park, where they are able to paw through deep snow for sufficient grass to carry them through the winter. During the tourist season but few elk are seen along the roads, as they are mostly in the high mountains at that time, but some may usually be seen on Mount Washburn or in Sylvan Pass. Side trips may easily be made from the north end of Yellowstone Lake to the summer elk range, and considerable numbers of the animals seen in a single day's trip. They may be seen also on the mountains west of Mammoth Hot Springs, and on Specimen Ridge. In autumn they are often driven down to the vicinity of the roads by early snows before the park season closes, and during the winter they sometimes congregate in large numbers along the roads from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs, where hay is distributed for them in times of need. YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL: PARK. 67. Mule ‘Deer—Odocoileus hemionus hemionus (Rafinesque).-The mule deer (erroneously called blacktail) are common, and in summer are generally distributed over the park. In winter they drift to the lower levels and several hundred sometimes congregate in the valley along the Gardiner and Yellowstone Rivers. . They become very tame around Fort Yellowstone and along the road, where they are fed hay with the other animals during the time of deep snows. • - The very large ears and small white tails with black tips and the white rump patches distinguish the mule deer from the small-eared and bushy-tailed white-tail deer. White-tail Deer—Odocoileus virginianus macrourus (Rafinesque)— The white-tail deer are comparatively scarce in the park and much more limited in range than the mule deer. There are a consider- able number, however, along the Gardiner River and about Yanceys, and in summer a few extend back into the park as far as the north end of Yellowstone Lake. There are also a few in the Snake River Valley at the southern entrance of the park. One hundred individuals have been estimated in the park during the winter when many come down to the feeding grounds for a share of the hay that is being dis- tributed for deer, elk, and sheep. During the summer they hide in the thickets and forest and are not often seen, but in winter they are conspicuous and tame along the roads where they are feeding. ‘’ order RoPENTIA: Gnawing Animals. Family PETAURISTIDAE: Flying Squirrels. Flying Squirrel.—Glaucomys sabrinus bangsi (Rhoads).--These large flying squirrels are common in all of the forest area surround- ing the park and undoubtedly through the park also, although there are but few reports of their occurrence within its limits. They are strictly nocturnal in habits, and, as they glide from tree to tree, on their furry membranes with owl-like silence, are rarely observed x- w - even where common. * Family SCIURIDAE.: Squirrels, Chipmunks. Woodchucks, and Prairie-Dogs. Pine Squirrel.—Sciurus hudsonicus ventorum Allen.—These little reddish brown tree squirrels are abundant throughout all the forest area of the Yellowstone Park and are conspicuous and unafraid in the trees about the hotels and camps and along the roadsides. Their scurry and chatter and scoldings are among the cheerful animal features of the forest. - - Yellow-bellied Chipmunk-Eutamias luteiventris (Allen).-This is the abundant little striped chipmunk seen throughout most of the 103.115°–19—5 * - 68 - TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, park along the roads and trails and around the camp sites where they gather scattered grain and crumbs. In places they do some mischief if food and grain are not protected, but nothing of importance com- pared with the interest and pleasure which they afford the sight- seeing public. The absence of cats and dogs from the park allows such little animals to become quite fearless and they can often be studied at close quarters without being nervous or unnatural in their habits. Large-tailed Chipmunk.-Eutamias umbrinus (Allen).-A few of these larger, bushy-tailed chipmunks have been seen along the Cooke City stage road between Gardiner River bridge and Undine Falls where they live in the edge of the forest and often sit on the rocky walls which support the road grade. They probably occupy other low areas in the northern part of the park, but this seems to be the only place where they have been observed. No specimens were ob- tained, but the animals were evidently the same as those collected in Montana a little farther west. Little Sagebrush Chipmunk.-Eutamias consobrinus clarus Bailey.— These litle gray chipmunks have been observed in Swan Lake valley running on the ground among the scattered Sagebrush, and speci- mens collected in 1917 show them to be a gray form of consobrinus, closely resembling pictus of the Great Basin region. They have recently been described under the name here used. w Mantled Ground Squirrel-Callospermophilus lateralis cinerascens (Merriam).-While these little animals are generally called chip- munks, they are in fact a small ground squirrel with the broad stripes arranged along the sides instead of over the back. They have a heavier build and shorter ears than the chipmunks and in habits are more restricted to the ground or logs and rocks. They are generally distributed over the park region and may be seen along the road- sides, in woods or on rocks, or around camps and hotels, where they become very familiar. - Kennicott Ground Squirrel.—Citellus armatus (Kennicott).-These little, dark gray ground squirrels, or picket-pins, are often erro- neously called gophers, but they belong to the squirrel family and live in burrows in the ground in open country. They are abundant all over the valleys of the northern part of the park, along the Yel- lowstone, Gardiner, Lamar, Slough Creek, and Soda Butte Creek valleys, and in Hayden Valley and Norris Geyser Basin. Their num- bers are legion and their shrill little trill may be heard on all sides as one passes through parks and meadows. . . " - Woodchuck; Golden-mantled Marmot.—Marmota flaviventris moso- phora. Howell.—The woodchucks, rockchucks, or groundhogs, as they are variously called, are among the abundant and interesting Small YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 69 mammals of the park mainly in open or rocky situations. They are rarely found in dense forest, but make their homes among rocks or around old logs and stumps and are usually seen sitting up on guard watching for their numerous enemies. At Mammoth Hot Springs and Yanceys they are especially common and tame, allowing visitors to come within a short distance and often to secure good photographs. Black-tailed Prairie-dog.— Cynomys ludovicianus ludovicianus (Ord).-There are no prairie-dogs actually within the Yellowstone Park, but an extensive colony of these interesting little relatives of the ground squirrels is located along both sides of the railroad near the station of Emigrant, between Gardiner and Livingston, and every visitor to the park going in or out at the north entrance has a good opportunity to see them if the train passes through the dog-town on a sunshiny day. . --- Family MURIDAE: Mice and Rats. Bushy-tailed Woodrat.—Neotoma cinerea cinerea (Ord).-Wood- rats, pack rats, or trade rats, as they are variously called, are com- mon in the rocks and broken cliffs along the Gardiner and lower Yellowstone and Lamar River valleys in the open country, but they seem not to be generally distributed over the park. As they are strictly nocturnal animals, they are rarely seen, but their presence may be detected in the littlé caves and openings in the rocks by sticks and rubbish piles which they have built up about their dens, and by their musky odor, and the various signs which they leave to indicate their presence. Occasionally they get into camps and cabins and do some damage to food and supplies and furnish material for fabulous stories of their commercial habits. - House Mouse.-Mus musculus Linnaeus-This introduced mouse has become well established in the homes and stables at Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs and possibly at some of the hotels and camps in the park, but fortunately it is not yet so common as to be a serious pest. & - *- Grasshopper Mouse.—Onychomys leucogaster missouriensis (Aud.. and Bach.).-This interesting little insect-eating rodent has been reported from the park, but no specimens have been obtained, and there is no evidence of its presence other than that it occupies similar country a little farther down the Yellowstone River. It will prob- ably be found in the Sagebrush in the Gardiner River valley, how- ever, where conditions are suitable for it. - - White - footed Mouse.—Peromyscus maniculatus artem is i ae (Rhoads).-These mice have been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and near the mouth of the Lamar River and are undoubtedly abund- 70 YELLowsToME NATIONAL PARK. ant over most of the park region. They are nocturnal in habits and are rarely seen unless disturbed from their nests among the rocks or in hollow trees or buildings. They are bright, pretty little animals, with interesting habits, although at times they do some mischief in the camps and cabins. * - . . . Mountain Lemming Mouse.—Phenacomys orophilus Merriam.—A specimen of this rare little ground mouse was taken at Tower Falls in 1894; and as the species occupies the surrounding mountain coun- try, it probably covers the park in scattered colonies, but is nowhere. abundant. - - . Red-backed Mouse—Evotomys gapper gale; Merriam.—A speci- men of this little red-backed mouse was collected at Tower Falls in 1894; and as it is a species occupying the surrounding country, it is undoubtedly common throughout the forested area of the park. “ Saguache Meadow Mouse—Microtus pennsylvanicus modest us (Baird).-Two specimens from Mammoth Hot Springs and one from Lower Geyser Basin indicate a general range of this dusky meadow mouse over the open areas of the park. * - - ... Little Mountain Meadow Mouse.-Microtus manus manus (Mer- riam).-A specimen of this little gray meadow mouse was picked up by Col. Roosevelt in the Lower Geyser Basin in 1903 and sent to the Biological Survey for identification. Specimens have also been taken at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Lake, and on Mist Creek, and runways and burrows and winter nests are abundant in every little meadow and grassy park throughout the higher elevations of the region. w Rocky Mountain Meadow Mouse.—Microtus mordaa, mordaa (Mer- riam).-Specimens of these long-tailed meadow mice have been taken near Tower Falls and Mammoth Hot Springs, and as they are abundant along every stream and in every meadow throughout the mountain region surrounding the park, they unquestionably occur also throughout this area. sº - - Large-footed Meadow Mouse.—Microtus richardsoni macropus (Mer- riam).-Specimens of the largest of all the western meadow mice have been taken close to the northwest and southwest corners of the park, and their big runways and characteristic signs are seen along many of the streams in the park. - . . Muskrat.—Fiber 2ibethicus osoyoosensis Lord.-Muskrats are no abundant, but a few have been seen in the streams and ditches near Gardiner and in many of the lakes and ponds and streams over the park. They seem to be generally distributed in the quiet waters. Some large muskrat houses may be seen close to the stage road in the marsh in Swan Lake valley. - * - YELLOWSTONE * NATIONAL PARK. 71: Family CASTORIDAE: Beavers. - - - - •- ~~ ; : " : • *- . .* } ". . * 3 . -- Beaver—Castor, canadensis canadensis Kuhl–Beavers are more or less abundant in most of the streams, and in many places their houses and dams are an interesting feature of the wild life of the park. They are perhaps most in evidence along Obsidian Creek, where for a long distance, their dams and houses are close to the stage road, and occasionally in the morning or evening hours the animals are seen swimming about or working at their dams. -- Family ZAPODIDAE: Jumping Mice. - a’ : *. * * * - * Jumping Mouse.—Zapus princeps princeps Allen.—These long- tailed, long-legged jumping mice are often seen in the meadows and open country throughout the park. Although mainly nocturnal, they are often disturbed by day in their grassy nests on the surface of the ground and go bounding away in long leaps through the grass, but if stealthily approached can usually be caught in the hands. Family ERETHIzoNTIDAE: Porcupines. Yellow - haired Porcupine.—Erethizon epia-anthum epia anthwm, Brandt.—Porcupines are occasionally found in any part of the Yel- lowstone Park, but are usually: not numerous and not often seen. More often their presence is made known by-the trees from which they have peeled the bark for food. . -- Family GEOMYIDAE: Pocket Gophers. Brown Pocket Gopher.—Thomomys fuscus fuseus Merriam.—Little mounds of earth may be seen scattered over the meadows and open. areas in all parts of the park, but the animals making them work almost entirely below the surface and are very rarely seen, unless a glimpse of one is obtained as he pushes the earth up from below, and then securely closes the doorway to his underground tunnel. By patient watching, the habits of pocket gophers may be studied at close range and some of the interesting details of their life history observed. * Order LAGOMORPHA: Conies and Rabbits. Family OCHOTONIDAE: Conies. Cony.—Ochotona princeps (Richardson).-These tiny rabbitlike animals are common in rocky places and especially in extensive- masses of slide rock along the base of cliffs at many places in the park. 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL, PARK. Along the Obsidian Cliffs and in Spring Creek Canyon they may be seen and heard close to the road in the slide rock, and late in sum- mer their little stacks of hay can usually be found among the rocks. Just south of Lewis Lake another colony is located in the slide rock close to the roadside along Astor Creek, where they may be seen and heard by passers-by. At Yanceys they live in the broken rock with the woodchucks just back of the old stage baln. Family LEPORIDAE: Rabbits and Hares. Cottontail Rabbit.—Sylvilagus nuttall; granger; (Allen).-Cotton- tails are abundant in the sagebrush near Gardiner, but they do not extend back over the higher parts of the park. Snowshoe Rabbit.—Lepus baird; baird; Hayden.—Common in all the timbered area of the region but rarely seen, as in summer they are of the brown color of dead pine needles and in winter as white as the drifted snow over which they scamper along their trails through the pine woods. Prairie Jack Rabbit.— Lepus townsendi companius Hollister.— These big jack rabbits are common in the northern edge of the park, extending up the valleys to Mammoth Hot Springs, Blacktail Basin, Yanceys, and the Lamar River valley. While not numerous, they are often seen in the summer with their gray coat and big white tail, and in winter they hop about the grounds at Fort Yellowstone in their pure white winter coats and are comparatively tame. Order CARNIVORA: Flesh. Eaters. Family FELIDAE: Cats. ... Mountain Lion.—Felis hippolestes Merriam.-These most destruc- tive of the predatory animals in the park have been hunted and destroyed until at the present time there are comparatively few remaining. A small number are still to be found within the park, however, where they continually destroy the game animals such as elk, deer, and mountain sheep. Canada Lynx,−Lyna, Canadensis canadensis Kerr.—A few of these big cats are found scattered over the timbered area of the park where they feed largely on snowshoe rabbits, but where also they are sus- pected of destroying much game in the way of young elk, deer, and sheep. Bobcat.-Lyna, unita Merriam.—A few bobcats are found at the lower levels near the northern edge of the park, especially in the rough country along the Yellowstone and Lamar Rivers. Fortu- nately they do not range over the higher parts of the park and their destruction of game is confined to a limited area. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 73 Family CANIDAE: Dogs, Wolves, and Foxes. Gray Wolf.-Canis nubilus Say.—These big wolves, although not present in great numbers, are sufficiently numerous to cause the destruction of much game. They follow the elk herds back into the mountains in summer and return with them in winter to the lower levels, especially the Lamar and lower Yellowstone Valleys and Blacktail and Hellroaring regions. They are great wanderers and quickly seek fresh hunting grounds if disturbed or if game becomes scarce in their accustomed haunts. Coyote.-Canis latrans Say.—Coyotes are abundant throughout the park, especially in the open areas, but their tracks may be found on the trails through forest areas as they pass from one opening to another of their favorite hunting grounds. Hundreds have been killed in the park for the protection of game animals, but their num- bers are still sufficient to form a serious check on the increase of many species. Mountain Red Fox,−Vulpes fulva macroura Baird.—Foxes are occasionally seen in the park, but they are by no means numerous. They are apparently scattered over the whole area and occasionally one is seen or its characteristic tracks observed in the trails and roads. Most of those seen are the red, or cross foxes, but the silver and black varieties have been reported. These, however, are only color phases of the same species. Family MUSTELIDAE: Otters, Martens, Minks, Weasels, etc. Otter.—Lutra canadensis canadensis Schreber.—Otters are common along many of the streams and lakes throughout the park, especially along the Lewis River and along the edges and tributaries of Yellow- stone Lake. They are also found along the Lamar and lower Yellow- stone Rivers and on Hellroaring Creek. Mink-Lutreola lutreocephala (Harlan).-A few minks are found in the park along the streams, especially at the lower levels, but they are not very common. - g Arizona Weasel,—Mustela arizonensis (Mearns).-Weasels are fairly common throughout the Yellowstome Valley in the northern part of the park and probably over the whole region. They are occasionally seen in the summer brown coat, hunting for ground Squirrels and mice in the meadows, and in winter their tracks are often seen over the snowfields, and occasionally the white-coated animals come into camps and cabins and become very tame if not molested. - - - Least Weasel-Mustela cicognani; lepta (Merriam).-A little wea- Sel is reported as occasionally seen in the park, and some very small 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK, tracks are seen on the snow, but no specimens have been taken for positive identification. * . . . . . . ; ; Marten.—Martes americana caurina (Merriam).-Martens are espe- cially common in much of the timbered area of the park, where they are occasionally seen along the trails. and where their tracks in winter are more common than those of the mink or weasel. . . Fisher.—Martes pennanti pennanti (Erxleben).--This is a rare ani- mal in any part of the United States, and apparently there is but one record for the Yellowstone Park. This is based on a skin taken from poachers by Gen. Anderson and recorded by Seton (Wild Animals at Home, p. 225). . . . . . . - * : * , , Wolverine—Gulo luscus luscus (Linnaeus).-Tracks of wolverines are occasionally seen in the park, and trappers around the borders ob- tain more specimens than in any other part of the United States. The park evidently serves as a breeding and recruiting ground which has kept this interesting and rare animal from local extermination. Northern Skunk.-Mephitis hudsonica Richardson.—Skunks are common in the lower parts of the park area, especially in the valleys of the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, and are occasionally met with in the interior basins. . . - . . . . - -Badger.—Taa'idea taarus taaſus (Schreber).-Badgers are especially abundant in the low valleys along the Yellowstone River and itstribu- taries in the northern part of the park, but they are also found scat- tered throughout the open areas over most of the higher parts. As usual, they are concentrated where the ground squirrels are most abundant and their favorite food easily obtained. . . . Family PROCYONIDAE: Raccoons. . Raccoon-Procyon lotor lotor (Linnaeus).-Raccoons have been reported in the park, but I have been unable to find any evidence of their presence even- along the Yellowstone and Gardiner Rivers, where they would be most likely to occur. They are found farther down the Yellowstone River and may at times extend up into the edge of the park. . . Family URSIDAE: Bears. , Black and Cinnamon Bears.-Ursus americanus Pallas-Black and cinnamon bears are especially common in the park, where they gather about the hotels and camps and feed on the garbage that is thrown out. Ten or a dozen of these bears, of various shades from light brown to glossy black, are often seen feeding at a garbage pile during the early evening or morning hours, and sometimes 20 or 30 gather at a time at one favorite heap. They are generally distributed through- yºBLLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 75 out the forest, over the park, and apparently many of them do not come to the hotels but remain as wild bears subsisting on such food as the forest affords. . . . . . • . - . . . • Grizzly Bear; Silvertip.–Ursus horribilis Ord.-While much less numerous than the blacks, the grizzly bears are still more com- mon in the Yellowstone. Park than in any other part of the United States. Those which come to feed on the garbage probably represent but a small proportion of the numbers scattered over the park area, but often from two or three to seven or eight may be seen at a time. Their tracks and unmistakable signs are found throughout the for- ests, and in summer over the tops of the high ridges near or above timberline; and many are killed around the borders of the park when they wander outside. . - * order INSECTIvor A: Insect Eaters. Family. SoFICIDAE: Shrews. Dusky Shrew.—Sorea, obscurus obscurus Merriam.—A few speci- mens of this shrews have been taken in the park, and it is probably the commonest of the several species that occur there. They are so small and Secretive in their habits, however, that few are ever seen unless systematic search for them is made. * , , , Masked Shrew—Sorea, personatus personatus I. Geoffroy.—A speci- men of this tiny shrew was collected on Mountain Creek in the southeastern part of the park by P. Holt in February, 1904. It is also found in Surrounding country and probably occurs all over the park. - Water Shrew.—Neosorea, palustris navigator Baird.—Specimens taken at Mammoth Hot Springs and others on different sides indi- cate that this aquatic shrew inhabits the whole park region, as it does most of the Rocky Mountain country. It is the largest of the shrews of the region and may occasionally be seen darting about in the water with great skill in pursuit of its insect prey. 1 . Order CHIP.OPTERA : Bats. Family VESPERTILIONIDAE: Bats. Long-eared Bat-Corynorhinus macrotis pallescens Miller.—These large, dark colored bats with long ears are usually found hanging in clusters on the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, a warm cave just back of Mammoth Hot Springs, and they are probably one of the common. bats seen flying in the evening about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. It is doubtful if they occur at any higher levels, however, 76 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. as they are a southern species, reaching their northern limit at this point. Yellowstone Bat-Myotis carissima Thomas-These little dusky bats with gray edges to the tail membranes may be found during the summer months clinging by hundreds to the walls of the Devil's Kitchen, and probably are the most abundant small bats seen flying at dusk about Mammoth Hot Springs and Gardiner. The first known specimen of this bat was collected at Yellowstone Lake, and the species probably has a considerable range over the park region. Brown Bat-Eptesicus fuscus fuscus (Beauvois).-No specimens of this large brown bat have been collected in the park, but many of the individuals seen flying about in the evening over the higher levels are of its size and general appearance and undoubtedly belong to the species, which is common throughout the general region. Silver-haired Bat—Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte).-These large, almost black, bats have been reported from observation as they flew about through the timbered areas in the park, but no speci- mens have been collected for positive identification. w Hoary Bat.—Nycteris cinerea (Beauvois).-A few very large bats seen flying at dusk in the forest areas of the park undoubtedly be- long to this large Boreal species, although no specimens have been obtained, owing to the danger of disturbing larger game by shooting within the park. BIRDS. Many varieties of song birds are found in the park in summer, though they can hardly be said to be numerous. Ducks, geese, and other waterfowl are quite numerous and tame, and many of them are seen in winter as well as in Summer in streams that are fed by hot springs and consequently never freeze. º The following data on the birds of the park have been collected an prepared for publication by Mr. M. P. Skinner: order Pygopodes: Diving Birds. Family Coxwaidar. Grebes. Western Grebe. Aechmophorus occidentalis. Uncommon migrant, Horned Grebe. COlymbus auritus. Rare migrant. * American eared Grebe. Colymbus migricollis californicus. Common summer resident. - r J Pied-billed Grebe. Podilym bus podiceps podiceps. Migrant; not common. , Family, GAVIIDAE. Loons. Loon. Gavia immer. Rare migrant. YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 77 Order LONGIPENNES: Long-winged Swimmers. Family LARIDAE. Gulls and Terns. California Gull. Larus californicus. Common summer resident. Ring-billed Gull. Larus delawarensis. Summer resident; common. Bonaparte Gull. Larus philadelphia. Rare migrant. Black Tern. Hydrochelidom migra, 8turinamensis. Rare migrant. Order STEGANOPODES: Totipalmate Swimmers. Family PELECANIDAE. Pelicans. White Pelican. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. Abundant summer resident. Order ANSERES: Lamellirostral Swimmers. . Family ANATIDAE. Ducks, Geese, and Swans. American Merganser. Mergus americanus. Common summer resident. Red-breasted Merganser. Mergus serrator. Occasional migrant. Mallard. Anas platyrhyncha. Abundant resident. Gadwall. Chaulelasmus streperus. Common summer resident. Baldpate. Mareca americana. . Rare migrant. -- Green-winged Teal. Nettion carolimense. Common summer resident. * Blue-winged Teal. Querquedula discors. Abundant summer resident. Cinnamon Teal. Querquedula cyanoptera. Occasional summer resident. Shoveller. Spatula clypeata. Common Summer resident. . . . . . American Pintail. Dafila acuta tzitzihoa. Rare migrant. Wood Duck. Aia, sponsa. Rare summer resident. Redhead. Marila americana. Common migrant. Canvas-back. Marila valisineria. Not common migrant. Scaup Duck. Marila marila. Common migrant. Lesser Scaup Duck. Marila affinis. Common summer resident. - American Golden-eye. Clangula clangula americana. Abundant migrant. Barrow Golden-eye. Clangula islandica. Resident. Bufflehead. Charitonetta albeola. Common migrant. Pacific Harlequin Duck. Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus. Rare migrant. American Scoter. Oidemia americana. Rare migrant. White-winged Scoter. Melamitta deglandi deglandi. Rare migrant. Ruddy Duck. Erismatura jamaicensis. Common summer resident. Lesser Snow Goose. Chen hyperborea hyperboarea. Occasional migrant. Canada Goose. Branta canadensis cana densis. Abundant resident. Hutchins Goose. Branta Canadensis hutchinsii. Rare migrant. Whistling Swan. Olor columbianus. Common migrant. Trumpeter Swan. Olor buccinator. Rare migrant. & Order HERODIONES: Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. Family ARDEIDAE. Herons, Bitterns, etc. Great Blue Heron. Ardea herodias herodias. Tolerably common summer resident. e Black-crowned Night Heron. Nycticoraa nycticoraq, naevius. Rare migrant. 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL” PARK; ‘’ Order PALUDICOLAF: “Cranes, Rails, etc. Family GRUIDAE. Cranes. Whooping Crane. , Limnogeranus americanus. Very rare migrant." Sandhill Crane. Grus mea'icana mea:icana. Rare migrant. Family RALLIDAE. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots. American Coot. Fulica americana. Abundant summer resident. Order LIMICOLAE: Shore Birds. . Family PHALAROPODIDAE. Phalaropes. Northern Phalarope. Lobipes lobatus. Rare fall migrant. Wilson Phalarope. Steganopus tricolor. Common summer resident. Family RECURVIRosTRIDAE. Arocets and Stilts. American Avocet. Recurvirostra americana. Rare migrant. Family SCOLOPACIDAE. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. Wilson Snipe. Gallinago delicata. Occasional summer resident. Baird Sandpiper. Pisobia bairdii. Tolerably common migrant. Least Sandpiper. Pisobia minutilla minutilla. Occasional fall migrant. Greater Yellow-legs. Totamus melanoleucus. Rare migrant. Yellow-legs. Totamus. flavipes. Migrant; not common. Western Solitary Sandpiper. Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus. Rare migrant. • . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Willet. , Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus. - Rare migrant, Spotted Sandpiper. Actitis macularia. Abundant Summer resident. * - Canadian Curlew. . Numenius americanus occidentalis. Rare migrant. Family CHARADRIIDAE. Plovers. Killdeer. Oayechus vociferus vociferus. Abundant summer resident. Order GALLINAE: Gallinaceous Birds. Family TETRAoNIDAE. Grouse, etc. Franklin Grouse. Camachites franklinii. Rare resident. . Richardson Grouse. Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii. Common resident. Gray Ruffed Grouse. Bomasa umbellus umbelloides. Common resident. Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pedioecetes phasianellus columbianus. Rare resident. • * - * * . - •. i - - - Sage Grouse. Centrocercus urophasianus. Rare resident. Order COLUMBAE: Pigeons. Family Columbidae. Pigeons. Western Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura marginella. Common summer resident. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK. 79 Order. RAPTORES: Birds of Prey. . Family BUTEONIDAE. Hawks; Eagles, Kites, etc. Marsh Hawk. Circus' cyaneus hudsonius. Abundant summer resident. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter velow. Common summer resident. Cooper Hawk. Accipiter cooperii. Occasional summer resident. Western Goshawk. Astur gentilis striatulus. Occasional visitor. . . Western Red-tail. Buteo borealis calurus. Common Summer resident. Swainson Hawk. Buteo swainsoni. Common summer resident. Itough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus sanctijohannis. Rare migrant. Ferruginous Rough-leg. Archibuteo ferrugineus. Rare summer resident. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Rare resident. w Bald Eagle. Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephaluš. Occasional summer resi- dent. - Family FALconIDAE. Falcons, etc. Prairie Falcon. Hierofalco mericanus. Rare summer resident. Duck Hawk. Rhynchodon peregrinus anatum. Rare summer resident. Pigeon Hawk. Timmunculus columbarius columbarius. Rare migrant. - Desert Sparrow Hawk. Cerch?veis Sparveria phalaena. Abundant summer resi- dent. . . . . ; w - - * * Family PANDIONIDAE. Ospreys. American Osprey. Pandion haliaetus carolimensis. Common summer resident, Family BUBONIDAE. Horned Owls, etc. American Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Rare resident. Short-eared Owl. Asio flammeus flammeus. Not common migrant. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. Otus asio maa welliae. Rare resident. -- Western Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus pallescens. Common resident.” American Hawk Owl. Surnia ululd caparoch. Occasional. r- Pygmy Owl." Glaucidium gnoma pinicola. Occasional resident. Order COCCYGES: Cuckoos, etc. Family ALCEDINIDAE. Kingfishers. • Belted Kingfisher. Streptoceryle alcyon alcyon. Common summer resident. * Order PICI: Woodpeckers, etc. , - Family PicidAE. Woodpeckers. Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus monticola. Common resident. . . . * * * - - - - - t .. Batchelder Woodpecker. Dryobates pubescens homorus. Resident; not common. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Rare resident. * . . Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker: Picoides americanus dorsalis. Rare resident. IRed-naped Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius muchalis. Common summer resident. Mountain Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus thyroideus mataliae. Common Summer resident. , - s • * + = - - Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Uncommon summer resident. • ,-- " - " - . . . . * " * : , , , . . . . . . . Lewis Woodpecker. Asynde.8m u8 levisi. Common Summer resident. Red-shafted Flicker. Colaptes cafer collaris. Abundant summer resident. 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Order MACROCHIRES: Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc. . Family Cuomozunar Nighthawks. Pacific Nighthawk. choracies minor hesperis. Common Summer resident. Family MICROPODIDAE. Swifts. whilearned Swift. Aeronautes melanoleucus. Occasional summer resident Family TROCHILIDAE. Hummingbirds. Rufous Hummingbird. Selasphorus rufus. Rare summer resident. Calliope Hummingbird. Stellula calliope. Occasional Summer resident. order PASSEREs: Perching Birds. Family TYRANNIDAE. Tyrant Flycatchers. Kingbird. Tyrannus tyranmus tyrannus. Occasional summer resident. Arkansas Kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis. Occasional summer resident. Say JPhoebe. Sayormis 80yus. Occasional Summer resident. Olive-sided Flycatcher. Nuttaliornis borealis. Common summer resident. Western Wood Pewee. Myiochames richardsonii richardsonii. Occasional sum- " mêr resident. • - - Western Flycatcher. Empidomaa difficilis difficilis. Common summer resident. Little Flycatcher. Empidomaa traillii brusteri. Tolerably common summer resident. - § $ BIammond Flycatcher. Empidomaa hammondii. Rare summer resident. Wright Flycatcher. Empidomaa, wrightii. Abundant summer resident, t + J. Family ALAUDIDAE. Larks. Hoyt Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris hovti. Rare winter visitant. Desert Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris leucolaema. Common summer resident. Family CoRVIDAE. Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc. American Magpie. Pica pica hudsonia. Common resident. Black-headed Jay. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens. Common resident. Rocky Mountain Jay. Perisorews cana densis capitalis. Common resident. American Raven. Corvus coraa, sinuatus. Abundant resident. Western Crow. Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis. Not common summer resident. Clark Nutcracker. Nucifraga columbiana. Abundant resident. Family ICTERIDAE. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc. Sagebrush Cowbird. Molothrus ater artemisiae. Rare summer resident. Yellow-headed Blackbird. Xanthocephalus wanthocephalus. Occasional Sum- mer resident. • - º Thick-billed Red-wing. Agelaius phoeniceus fortis. Occasional summer resi- dent. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 81 Western Meadowlark. Sturmella, neglecta neglecta. • Abundant summer resident. Bullock Oriole. Icterus bullockii bullockii. Summer resident; not common. Brewer Blackbird. Euphagus cyanocephalus. Abundant summer resident. Family FRINGILLIDAE. Finches, Sparrows, etc. Northwestern Evening Grosbeak. Hesperiphoma vespertina brooksi. Accidental. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. Pinicola, enucleator montama. Occasional migrant. z - Cassin Purple Finch. Carpodacus cassinii. Common summer resident. Bendire Crossbill. Loaia curviro8tra bendirei. Tolerably common resident. White-winged Crossbill. Loafia leucoptera. Rare migrant. - Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis. Occasional Winter resident. - - . 9. - Hepburn Rosy Finch. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis. Common winter resi- dent. Black Rosy Finch. Leucosticte atrata. Rare winter visitor. Redpoll. Acanthis linaria linaria. Occasional winter visitor. . Pale Goldfinch. Astragalinus tristis pallidus. Rare summer resident. Pine Siskin. Spinus pinus pinus. Abundant summer resident. - - English Sparrow. Passer domesticus hostilis. Common about Fort Yellow- Stone. Snowflake. Plectrophenaa, miwali's nivalis. Rare migrant. Alaskan Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus alascensis. Rare migrant. . Western Vesper Sparrow. Pooecetes gramineus confinis. Abundant summer resident. - Nevada Savannah Sparrow. Passerculus 80 malwichensis mevadensis. Common summer resident. 2. Western Lark Sparrow. Chondestes grammacus strigatus. Rare summer resident. ' • - White-crowned Sparrow. Zomotrichia leucophrys. Abundant summer resident, Gambel Sparrow. Zomotrichia gambelii. Common migrant. White-throated Sparrow. Zonotrichia albicollis. Rare migrant. Western Tree Sparrow. Spizella monticola, ochracea. Common winter visitant. Western Chipping Sparrow. Spizella passerina arizonae, Common summer resident. Brewer Sparrow. Spizella breweri. Rare summer resident. Shufeldt Junco. Junco oreganus shufeldti. Common migrant. Montana Junco. Junco oregan w8 montanus. Migrant. Pink-sided Junco. Junco mearmsi. Abundant Summer resident. Gray-headed Junco. Jumco caniceps. Rare summer resident. - Mountain Song Sparrow. Melospiza melodia fallaa. Common summer resident. Lincoln Sparrow. Melospiza lincolnit lincolnii. Common summer resident. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. Passerella iliaca schistacea. Rare summer resi- dent. Green-tailed Towhee. Oreospiza chlorura. Rare summer resident. Lazuli Bunting. Passerina amoena. Occasional Summer resident. Family TANGARIDAE. Tanagers. Western Tanager. Piranga ludoviciana. Common summer resident. 82 . YELLOWSTONE:NATIONAL PARK. Family HIRUNDINIDAE. Swallows. . . Cliff Swallow. Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons. Common summer resident." Barn Swallow. Hirundo rustica erythrogastris. Summer resident; not com- Jºſh OI!. * - --> . . . - * - - • * Tree Swallow. Iridoprocne bicolor. Common Summer resident. - Northern Violet-green Swallow. Tachycineta thalassima lepida. Common sum mer resident. . . . . . . * . Bank Swallow. Riparia riparia riparia. Common summer resident. Rough-winged Swallow. Stelgidopterya serripennis serripennis. Rare summer resident. - - - Family BoM.BxcILLIDAE. Waxwings. . Bohemian Waxwing. Bombycilla garrula pallidiceps. Occasional migrant. Cedar Waxwing. Bombycilla cedrorum. Rare migrant. . . - - - Family LANIIDAE. Shrikes. Northern Shrike. Lanius borealis. Occasional winter resident. White-rumped Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus earcubitorides. Occasional summer resident. - gº º- ‘. . . . - . . . . - * • Family WIREoNIDAE. Vireos. western Warbling vireo. Vireosylva gilva swainsonii. Common summer resident. * . . . * - Family MNiortridae. Wood warblers. Calaveras Warbler. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis. Accidental. Mountain Orange-crowned Warbler. Vermivora celata orestera. Occasional summer resident. - Yellow Warbler. Dendroica aestiva aestiva. Occasional summer resident. Hoover Warbler. Dendroica coronata hooveri. Occasional migrant. º Audubon Warbler. Dendroica auduboni auduboni. Abundant summer resident. Townsend Warbler. Dendroica townsendi. Occasional migrant. Macgillivray Warbler. Oporornis tolmiei. Occasional summer resident. Western Yellowthroat. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis. Common summer resi- dent. - ... • • * * •r . . . . Pileolated Warbler. Wilsonia pusilla pileolata. Common summer resident. . Family MotacILLIDAE. Wagtails and Pipits. Pipit. Anthus spinoletta rubescens. Abundant migrant; possibly also a sum- mer resident. Family Ciscidae. Dippers. Northern Water Ouzel; Dipper. Cinclus meaicanus unicolor. Abundant resi- dent. Family Mixmar. Thrashers, Mockingbirds, etc. Sage Thrasher. Oreoscoptes montanus. Common summer resident. Catbird. Dumetella carolinensis. Rare migrant; possibly summer resident. . . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 83 Family TRogIoDYTIDAE. Wrens. Rock Wren. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus. Common resident. Western House Wren. Troglodytes aedom parkmamii. Summer resident; locally common. - - - Western Marsh Wren. Telmatodytes palustris plesius. Occasional. Family CERTHIIDAE. Creepers. Rocky Mountain Creeper. Certhia familiaris montana. Occasional summer resident. Family Srtridae. Nuthatches. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis melsoni. Rare resident. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis. Common summer resident. Pygmy Nuthatch. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea. Rare visitor. Family PARIDAE. Titmice. Long-tailed Chickadee. Penthestes atricapillus septentrionalis. Rare resident. Mountain Chickadee, Penthestes gambeli gambeli. Abundant resident. Family SYLVIIDAE. Warblers and Kinglets. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus regulus olivaceus. occasional Summer resident. - ... • Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Corthylio calendula calendula. Occasional summer resident. Family TURDIDAE. Thrushes, Bluebirds, etc. Townsend Solitaire. Myadestes townsendi. Common resident. Willow Thrush. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola. Rare summer resident. Olive-backed Thrush. Hylocichla ustulata Swainsoni. Occasional summer resident. ~, .Audubon Hermit Thrush. Hylocichla guttata auduboni. Occasional summer resident. - Western Robin. Planestious migratorius propinquus. Abundant summer resi- dent. - Western Bluebird. Sialia, meanicana occidentalis. Accidental. Mountain Bluebird. Sialia currucoides. Abundant summer resident. f RULES AND REGULATIONS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. (In effect April 15, 1919.) The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), as amended by the act of June 28, 1916 (39 Stat., 238). 103.115°–19—6 w 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—The destruc- tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public property or the trees, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal and bird or other life, or other natural conditions and curiosities in the park, and the riding or driving upon any of the geyser or hot-spring forma- tions, or turning stock loose to graze in their vicinity, is prohibited. 2. Camping.—No camp will be made at less distance than 100 feet from any traveled road. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article likely to frighten teams must not be hung near the road. Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season; therefore camp grounds must be thoroughly cleaned before they are abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other débris must be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose. When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or cans may not be provided, all refuse must be burned or hidden where it will not be offensive to the eye. Campers may use dead or fallen timber only, for fuel. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they must not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., must be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area considerably larger than that required for the fire. Fires no longer needed must be completely extinguished, and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of reignition. º Especial care must be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort and no one may frighten, hunt or kill, wound or capture any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is neces- sary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than prescribed above, must be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regu- lation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Fire- arms will be permitted in the park only on written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 85 to places beyond must, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain his written leave to carry them through the park sealed. 5. Bears.-Approaching, molesting, or feeding the bears is pro- hibited. 6. Fishing.—Fishing is permitted with hook and line only, and never for profit or merchandise. Fishing in particular water may be suspended; or the number of fish that may be taken by one person in any one day, from the various streams or lakes may be regulated by the Superintendent. All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water, if not seriously injured. Fish retained should be killed. Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. 7. Private operations.—No person will be permitted to reside per- manently, engage in any business, operate a moving-picture camera, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Saloons, gambling, etc.—No drinking saloon or barroom will be permitted in the park. Gambling in every form, or the opera- tion of gambling devices whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. - - 9. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park super- intendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. • 8. 10. Mining claims.-The location of mining claims is prohibited . within the park. 11. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of live stock over same, must be avoided, except where authority therefor has been granted by the Superintendent. Live stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. - - . 12. Concessioners-All persons, firms, or corporations holding con- cessions in the park must keep the grounds used by them properly policed and maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No concessioner shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. - All concessioners will require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, 86 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. z the name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identifi- cation mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. 13. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats are not permitted in the park. 14. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares must be buried immediately by the owner or person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 15. Travel.— (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles must take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy camping outfits must take the outer side of the road on sidehill grades when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals. (c) Wagons used in hauling heavy freight over the park roads must have tires not less than 4 inches in width. (d) All vehicles must be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light must be carried on the left front side of horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and Iefl.I’. - …” 16. Miscellaneous-(a) Campers and others must not wash cloth- ing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park or in any way pollute them; or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. (b) Stock must not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals should be kept a sufficient distance from camping grounds not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (c) Campers and all others, save those holding licenses from the Tirector of the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. No pack trains will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a duly registered guide. - (d) Bears will not be fed or otherwise molested. (e) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. 17. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior will be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 87. regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the Superintendent of the park. - Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTORCYCLE REGULATIONS. Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, Revised Statutes, United States, and the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat., 73), as amended by the act approved June 28, 1916 (39 Stat., 238), the following regulations governing the admission of automo- biles and motorcycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motorcycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly; for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by park concessioners). Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motorcycles.—Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, as far as they are applicable. - 4. Permits.-The permit must be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters, and will entitle the permittee to go over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue. The permit must be conveniently kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers' on demand. Each permit must be exhibited to the checking ranger for verification on exit from the park. 5. Fees.—Fees for automobile and motorcycle permits are $7.50 and $2.50, respectively, and are payable in cash only. . 6. Direction.—Automobiles will pass around the road system form- ing the “ loop" in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the automobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Geyser Basin to Mammoth Hot Springs, between 11 a. m. and 1 p.m. and after 4.30 p.m. 88 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful) to western entrance, any time after 1 p.m. . . Grand Canyon to Yellowstone Lake, any time after 1 p. m. Mammoth Hot Springs to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. - Grand Canyon to Norris Geyser Basin direct, any time day or night. - The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. 7. Automobile stages.—Automobile stages are operated by the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co., to and through the park from the northern or Gardiner entrance, the western or Yellowstone en- trance, and the eastern or Cody entrance, connecting with all trains at park terminals. These cars are of 10 passenger capacity and are painted yellow. They are required to travel on a regular schedule. In order that they may encounter no delay, accident, or inconven- ience from dust, other motor vehicles must not pass or attempt to pass the automobile stages on the park roads, unless said stages are not in motion and passage may be made with assurance of safety. On the other hand, if other cars are signaled for the right of way by an automobile stage, they must yield and permit it to continue on its regular schedule. º 8. Distance apart, gears and brakes.—Automobiles while in motion must not be less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The auto- mobile must carry at least one extra tire. 9. Speeds.-Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour ascending and 10 miles per hour descending steep grades, and to 8 miles per hour when approaching sharp curves. On good roads with straight stretches, and when no team is nearer than 200 yards, the speed may be increased to 25 miles per hour. 10. Horns.—The horn will be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. 11. Lights.--All automobiles must be equipped with head and tail lights, the headights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 89 driving at night, and all lights must be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the roads. Headlights must be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 12. Muffler out-outs.-Muffler cut-outs must be closed while approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, or camps. .* 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles will take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles will be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case must automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. 14. Accidents; stop-overs.-Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, must be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. 15. Fines and penalties.—Violation of any of the foregoing regula- tions will be punishable by revocation of automobile permit, or by immediate ejectment from the park, or by a fine not to exceed $500, or six months' imprisonment, or by any combination of these pen- alties, and be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service. 16. Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camps-Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faith- ful), Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon. Repair shops and ga- rages are maintained at these points. Automobile Supplies may also be procured at Tower Falls Camp. Prices of supplies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camps for motorists and shelters for cars are maintained at points indicated on the automobile guide map. 17. Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced, so that a leaner mixture and about 50 per cent more gasoline is required than at lower altitudes. Likewise, one lower gear will generally have to be used on grades than would be necessary elsewhere. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. 18. These regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the county road in the northwest corner of the park. 90 , YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. AUTOMOBILE CAMPS AND SHIELTERS. Free public automobile camps and shelters are provided at Mam- moth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon—a shelter for machines and a fireplace protected from the weather, which may be used by the tourists in common. Tourists may camp on designated areas close to the shelters. De- tailed information regarding these camps and shelters may be ob- tained at the various entrances to the park. - PANORAMIC VIEW. The view described below may be purchased from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.: • * * - Panoramic view of Yellowstone National Park; 18 by 21 inches; scale, 3 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” * This view is based on accurate surveys and gives an excellent idea of the con- figuration of the surface as it would appear to a person flying over it. The meadows and valleys are printed in light green, the streams and lakes in light blue, the cliffs and ridges in brown tints, and the roads in light brown. The letter- ing is printed in light brown and is easily read on close inspection, but merges into the other colors when the sheet is held at some distance. - MAPS. Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 283 by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” - - The roads, trails, and names are put in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. *. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. Area South of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 91 LITERATURE. Gover NMENT PUBLICATIONs. Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE. The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park: Glimpses of Our National Parks. 48 pages. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. Automobile road map of Yellowstone National Park. Shows the park road system, hotels, camps, free public auto shelters, garages, Superintendent’s office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations. Map of National Parks and Monuments. Shows location of all of the national parks and monuments, and all railroad routes to the reservations. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash : National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard, chief, educational division, National Park Service. 1917. 260 pages, including 270 illustrations. Pamphlet edition, loose in flexible cover, 35 cents; book edition, containing same material securely bound in cloth, 55 cents. Contains nine sections, each descriptive of a national park and one larger section devoted to other national parks and monuments. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. - * - Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” - - This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone Na- tional Park and an account of their origin. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. 92 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE. * Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 818). 1915. 28 pages, including 17 illustrations, 5 cents. Contains descriptions of the species and lists of streams where found, BIBLIOGRAPHY. ALLEN, E. F. A. Guide to the National Parks of America, 1915. 286 pages. BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. - g BARTH, THEODoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park, 1909. 173 pp., illustrated. - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive. 1915. 350 pp., illustrated. CRONAU, RUDOLF. Im wilden Westen. 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 163—185; Yosemité on pp. 259–275. DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914. 198 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 83–90. - * DUNRAVEN, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. FINCE, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279–293. - - FountAIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. - An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park on pp. 173–195. “ - GUNNIson, ALMon. Rambles overland. 1884. 245 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 27—82. . HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914, 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86. HARRISON, CARTER H. A. Summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. - . Yellowstone on pp. 151–81. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published an- nually, 200 pp., illustrated. * --> HERBERTson, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original SOUlrCeS : North America. 1901. 252 pp. * Yellowstone on pp. 171–180. HESSE-VARTEGG, ERNEST WON. Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. * 3 vols. 1880. * Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242. HIRSCHBERG, JULIUS. Von New York nach San Francisco: Tagebuchblitter. 1888. 276 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 77–111. } YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 93 Holm Es, BURTon. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - JoHNSON, CLIFToM. Highways and byways of the Rocky Mountains. 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. * < Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes, -- Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. - KüNTZEMULLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908. 40 pp. * LANGFORD, N. P. Diary of the Washburn expedition to the Yellowstone and Firehole Rivers in the year 1870. [1905.] 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LECLERCQ, JULES. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l’Amérique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated. MILLs, ENos A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. Houghton-Mifflin Co. 1917. - * Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. MoRRIs, Mrs. JAMES Edwin. A Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illus- trated. Yellowstone on pp. 236-255. MUIR, JoBN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. * * MURPHY, JoBIN. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. - - MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. OLAFSEN, O, Yellowstone Nationalparken. 1916. 134 pp. PECK, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world. 1885. 320 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 71–114. - PIERREPONT, Edward. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311. PoRTER, T. C. Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–93. PRICE, Rose, LAMBERT. A summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 166—217. QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. & RICHARDson, JAMEs. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. RobFRTs, Edward. Shoshone and other Western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. ſº RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone Nātional Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1. 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1. 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. * SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. * - SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SEssroNs, FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. 94 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. SMITH, F. DUMonT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. STANLEY, EDw1N J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park. 1878. 179 pp., illus- trated. - STEELE, DAVID M. Going Abroad Overland. 1917. Illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 102–124. STODDARD, JoBN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207–304. …” STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. * - SYNGE, GEORGIANA M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR. CHARLES MAUs, JR. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. (1901.) 388 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 283—388. - TISSANDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis [1886], 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170–188. ToMLINSoN, EvKRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone, [1906.] 399 pp., illustrated. r U. S. GeoLogical. SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrog- raphy, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. [1893] 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. - WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback. 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. Contains notes on the fauna and flora. YARD, RoBERT STERLING. The top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. The Book of the National Parks. Elaborately illustrated. Price, $3.00 net; Scribners, 1919. Chapter devoted to Yellowstone. OTHER NATIONAL PARKS. The circulars containing information regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.: Yosemite National Park. - - The Hot Springs of Arkansas. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. -- Mesa Werde National Park. - Wind Cave National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National ParkS. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. 95 NATIONAL MONUMENTS. The following publications relating to the national monuments may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.: Casa Grande National Monument. The National MonumentS. Contains brief descriptions of the national monuments, administered by the De- partment of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, and the War Department (excepting Casa Grande, Verendrye, and Katmai National Monuments). O 'sº NIHIS LOII HLOININ VIN Lv sºTov și III, Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul. OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 2 2 HUBERT WORK, SECRETARY | X. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STEPHEN T. MATHER, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK From Camera Study By Mode Wineman JUP ITER TERRACE Season from June 20 to September 19 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINT | n G OFFICE : 1928 \ INFORMATION OFFICE AND PARK MUSEUM AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS OLD STAGE COACH IN FRONT -- 'aul. CAMPING IN MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOMOBILE CAMP As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the tourist SeaSOIn M.S. 2.-2, %32-yze CONTENTS General description The geysers Other hot-water ph Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls Remarkable fossil forests Great wild-life refuge Bears t Trout fishing The Greater Yellowstone The Red Canyon of the Shosh The trail system- Administration of the park Protection of the park The Guide and Lecture Service The rules and regulations The tourist SeaSOn Railroad information Detailed travel information TranSportation and a dations Telegrams POSt Office Automobile highway information Automobiles in the park Free camp grounds Gasoline and oil, etc The park mile-post system Yellowstone Park tour, principal points of interest Gardiner, northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs e Pag ; 19 (M. S.) The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs Mountain climbing Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) -------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)-------------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------- Norris Geyser Basin - * i Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.) ---------------- Lower Geyser Basin - Midway Geyser Basin Upper Geyser Basin Side trips from Old Faithful Inn and Lodge 8454.6°–28—1 I 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 31 32 36 II º CONTENTS Yellowstone Park tour, principal points of interest—Continued. Page Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.)-- 36 The West Thumb - 37 West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.). ------------------- 38 Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge 38 Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge 38 Lake Junction 39 Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)----------------- 39 Canyon Junction 39 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.)--------------- 40 Grand Canyon 40 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)----------- 41 Tower Falls Junction 42 Side trips from Tower Falls Junction and Roosevelt Lodge----- 43 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) ----- 44 West Yellowstone, Mont., the Western entrance (W. E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.) - Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.)-- 45 Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.), to West Thumb (W. T.) – 47 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke City, Mont - 49 Yellowstone Park trails - 49 Howard Eaton Trail - 50 Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances____ 50 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs 53 Approximate temperatures of Some of the springs and geysers--------- 54 Prominent geysers and Springs 54 Fishing in the Yellowstone Park 55 Wild animals - - 56 Rules and regulations: . General regulations 57 Automobile and motor-cycle regulations 61 One-way roads 62 Maps 65 Literature: Government publications - 65 Bibliography r 67 Other national parks 70 Authorized rates for public utilities t—— 72 Road-sign information 84 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS COWER Jupiter Terrace Outside front Information office and park museum at Mammoth Hot Springs.---- Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs. Automobile Camp------------ Inside front Fountain Geyser Inside back Falls in Falls River Section T- Inside back Old Faithful Geyser Eack CONTENTS TEXT Ideal section through 2,000 feet of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National Park and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jack- • son Lake Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, and Wind Cave National Parks Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Werde, Zion, and Wind Cave National Parks__________ Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin Sketch map of Upper Geyser. Basin Sketch map of Grand Canyon Map of Yellowstone Park } Page 13 16 22 27 30 33 41 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 19; total area, 11,817 square miles] National parks in order of creation. Location. Area in Square miles. Distinctive characteristics. Hot Springs.-------- 1832 Yellowstone-------- 1872 General Grant------ 1890 Mount Rainier------ 1899 Crater Lake 1902 Sullys Hill---------- - 1904 Mesa Verde-------- - 1906 Glacier------------- l Pocky Mountain--- 1915 THawaii Middle Arkansas......] Northwestern Wyo- ming. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. West central Wash- ington. Southwestern Oregon- North Dakóta--------- Southwestern Colo- rado. Northwestern Mon- tana. North middle Colo- rado. FI awaii - Lassen Volcanic---- 1916 Mount McKinley-- 1917 Grand Canyon----- 1919 Lafayette----------- 1919 Northern California--- South central Alaska-- North central Arizona. Maine coast----------- Southwestern Utah.-- 1% 3,348 1, 125 325 249 1, 534 378 124 2, 645 1,009 I2 120 46 hot springs said to possess healing properties— , Many hotels and boarding houses—19 bath- ouses under Government supervision. More geysers than in all rest of World together— Boiling springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified for- ests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- markable for gorgeous coloring—Large l Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, greatest, wild bird and animal pre- serve in world—Exceptional trout fishing. The Big Tree National Park—Scores of sequoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter; thousands over 10 feet in diameter–Towering mountain ranges, in- cluding Mount Whitney, the highest peak in continental United States—Startling preci- pices—Deep Canyons. - Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas–Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 40.3 feet in diameter–6 miles from Sequoia National Park. Largest accessible single peak glacier system—28 glaciers, Some of large Square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful Sub- alpine wild flower fields. Lake of extraordinary, blue in crater of extinct volcano–Sides 1,000 feet high-Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. Many, Sulphur and other springs possessing medicinal value. Cavern having many miles of galleries and hºrous chambers containing peculiar forma- 10ns. Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is an important wild-animal preserve. Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the World. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- Sands of feet deep—Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. Three separate areas—ICilauea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii, Haleakala on Maui. Only active volcano in United States proper— Lassen Peak 10,460 feet—Cinder Cone 6,907 feet—Hot springs—Mud geysers. Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. The greatest example of erosion and the most Sublime spectacle in the World. The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth, from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and Scenic interest. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK } GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It is approximately 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, giving an area of 3,348 Square miles, or 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. e - The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mys- tery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. - * - The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- , ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho." It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. The entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding moun- tains but the great interior plain is made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geological specu- lation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the conforma- tion of the foreground and of the distant mountains is suggestive even to the unscientific eye. * Of the park area, 3,114 square miles, or 1,992,960 acres, are within the State of Wyoming; 198 square miles, or 126,720 acres within the State of Montana; and 36 square miles, or 23,040 acres, within the State of Idaho. 1. 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are six geyser basins, the Norris, the Lower, the Midway, the Upper, the Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and South central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. . Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. -- Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. 4 At last the water in the bottom reaches so great an expansion under continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer . weigh it down, so it bursts upward with great violence, rising many feet in the air and continuing to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to diffi- culties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and Bunsen burner. A mimic geyser was made by Mr. J. E. Haynes for the Department of the Interior in the winter of 1915. When in action this model plays at regular intervals of a minute and a quarter. The water is heated in a metal bulb, and finds its way to the surface vent through a spiral rubber tube. When it plays, the water rises 3 or 4 feet in height, varying according to the intensity of the heat applied at the bulb. The water finds its way back by an iron pipe into the bulb, when presently it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the eruption. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK 3 other HOT-water PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In the thermal areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. Over the edges of these carved basins pours the hot water. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal land- Scapes. . . A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. The visitor may climb upon them and pick his way around among the steaming pools. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are often beautifully crystallized. . Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, becomes exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOwSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons, - 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the south a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly, out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward, to be lost again in green. From that point to where you stand widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are incon- ceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise per- pendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted and stratified in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crim- son through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Mam- moth and views Some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the ramparts of rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. YELLowston E NATIONAL PARK 5 REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park cover an ex- tensive area in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an approach to Amethyst Mountain. One traversing the valley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level, but occur at irregular heights; in fact, a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest grew and was entombed there was a time without volcanic out- burst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and pre- served, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less regular alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. Geo- logical changes are excessively slow. No geologist would dare pre- dict that a few thousand years from now the present forests of Yellowstone Park may not lie buried under another layer of lava on top of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. In and near the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, be- tween the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most suc- cessful wild-life refuges in the world. It is also for this reason an excellent and accessible field for nature study. ' - Its 3,348 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 302 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, or trail, or camp. No herds invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK == &-e: tº: º º ºã rºš. tº: §§ §º >< ºº:: sº-ºxº º §§ ~& § º É º ſºrºrº º §eº §§ § º §º --- EEPº # &Sºs; gº::::::::::::::: TÉCŞ. #: : º 5-3 º ºf º: E=== 3- #; sº $º É.E. 8-----> ==== wº- ºs-ºs- º:-->:Eº: #;㺠§§ -- º; º ść Fº º Sºjº §: ; §§§ § § §º Fº Eºsi-sº - §º: ºšº §: - ğ E-º º º i º ############# gº | fiftºfºSº t E=- $º E---sº #=== E-º-º: ºfºº º: ~ --~~ IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDS OF SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FORESTS. AFTER HOLMES - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7 to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in the automobile stages which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great num- bers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaint- ance of the animals. - - • " Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game, or as enemies. BEARS Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks’ experience to be inoffensive if not, molested. When attacked they become dangerous, indeed. It is con- trary to the park regulations to molest or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are the same species. only differently colored—the blonds and brunettes, so to speak, of the same bear family—are playful, comparatively fearless, sometimes even friendly. They are greedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Visitors, however, should not feed the bears, as in this way there is danger of scratched or bitten fingers. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, and a large and increasing herd of bison. It is an excellent bird preserve also; more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles are found among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yel- lowstone Lake. - - TRout FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain large size. Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. $ The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the lesser lakes. De- tailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 55. 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE The criticism often made by persons who have visited granite countries that the Yellowstone region lacks the supreme grandeur of some others of our national parks will cease to have weight when the magnificent Teton Mountains just south of the southern bound- ary are added to the park. These mountains begin at the foot of the Pitchstone Plateau, a mile or two below the southern gateway, and extend south and west. They border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedrallike to an altitude of 13,747 feet. & This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordi- nary, massing of mountain spires in America. It leaps more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stu- pendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoul- ders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. re Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man’” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. ' With their passing and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of contributing to the pleas- ure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very con- trast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful, farms farther to the south is an element of charm. . These amazing mountains are, from their nature, a component part of the Yellowstone National Park, whose gamut of majestic scenery they complete, and no doubt would have been included within its original boundaries had their Supreme magnificence been then YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK appreciated. Already Yellowstone visitors have claimed them, and automobile stages run to Moran and back on reg- ular schedule. THE RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE Jackson Hole is not the only spectacle of magni- ficence intimately asso- ciated with Yellowstone but lying without its bor- ders. Eastward through picturesque Sylvan Pass, well across the park boundary, the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the rains of ages that its pas- sage imprints itself in- delibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hun- dred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock shapes sil- houetted against the sky. And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a pre- cipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, the second highest in the world, higher than New York’s famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partner- ship of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its #3 § o § e tº tº ta 3 8 3 3 º 3 it? § s 3 s p & § § § ºw Y sº #-----3: Af Qin ** trip - Lil ** se —l ſl. Lil i. U) < frº O LL! (ſ) tº >3. liſ luſ! fr=-------išš. #: lij O Lil #3 5 ſº .* - r H h H > ---- § 2 - - - O NIsvg NS :h | | | | acılaid Tv LNaNLLNO3 | º, - gi. i. § º º ſº § § 3 g33§ § 2 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational runs of the West. . THE TRAIL SYSTEM The motorization of Yellowstone National Park, which is now complete, by reducing greatly the time formerly required to travel from scenic spot to scenic spot, permits the tourist to spend a far greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sight- seeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping-out equipment. The day of the new Yellow- stone, of Yellowstone the vacation land, has dawned. To fill these new needs the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before starting, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 49 to 52 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that oper- ate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Horace M. Albright. His office is in the general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All complaints and suggestions regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 11 offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless tourists. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. THE GUIDE AND LECTURE SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. * - The National Park Service has established an official information bureau in a building near the superintendent’s office for the use of tourists free of all charges. Circulars of general information regard- ing Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on Geysers, Geological History, Fossil Forests, and Fishes of the Yellowstone are on sale at nominal charges, and also topo- graphical maps of this park. A small museum of the natural history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 57 to 65, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum. THE TOURIST SEASON The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 admittance is granted only to those tourists who come equipped to camp out along the roads or trails. September 15 is the last day on which the four and one-half day motor tour may be started. - RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont, and also at Bozeman, reaching the park via the 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE Gallatin Gateway, and the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific System reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 55.2 miles, and the Chicago & North Western Railroad has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 178.7 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily automobile service. During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South round-trip excursion tickets may be purchased for transporta- tion on going trip to any of the five Yellowstone National Park gateways (Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin, Gateway, Cody, Lander), and for transportation on the return trip from the same or any other gateway, thus affording passengers the privileges of enter- ing the park at one entrance and leaving it at the same point or any one of the other entrances. -l . . . . . . 3, . . . . From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde. * Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations will find stop- over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Poca- tello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets, or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point...on round-trip tickets. # . . . . . " - Coupons covering autostage transportation and, accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sightseeing” tour of the park of about five days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. . . . & . Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M. & St. P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passenger in making the park YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 13 rimrºw--—— 6tAGF;7757; Fää r u S X. oriavre f* | - º #;" C GREAF *% º oGlasgow ſº. T JR z NORTHEFR * N. D. C \ºsoula T. N. P. S& Terry - k Nº. Q º ickinson f 'Garrison º C. Af Dis in - ) ‘gº. C TMiles City Yº-3 Sr. . Butter <--— \ \ 9 Cº-ſº N. P. Lemmonº- * Gallatin Gateway);%;7 Livingston 4 f e - - - *A %3. z\,Gardiner {. S. D. . - º . . . . A * - Vº O 8.7 ± 7. Frannie NoSheridan vº) <-N--~~~}sº >~4.19% Čody \? - 4- Ashton/. If YELL01/S70ME !?Facid city - < Sºran MWAT/0/WAL PARKls, NAT’L w #; c C viciºsº.T ÖThermopolis. & - - o' WSY OVM, I N G o * r Ferto; Ur c - Sº s. vº §Pocatello - - - - Q-Casper - l o C **s: .9 O N * Lander . Orin Jc. Ng gº Wendoverº-Šialli - **-e-...--> -- & *C. o st ElB. - Rawlinsº: */ Q. §ranger UNION, - º głęNNº - C P. , Rock Springs' Laramieb &\ Cº. §: C Evanston - - º: QF-Sc º - - - --> . \ſ"Trinidad VER O-C C * = S-. * -- WATL %iº Rurango C Alamosa ->--—-- *** To GRAWD CIWYCWWTFEZEET sit-T - SCALE OF MILES 15, #-F#-5 100 200 300 400 RAILROAD ROUTES TO YELLOWSTONE, GLACIER, ROCKY MOUNTAIN, MESA VERDE, ZION, AND. WIND CAVE INATIONAL PARKS & - trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers enter the park, i. e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. . . . t 84546°–28—2 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK DETAILED TRAVEL INFORMATION For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS There are four hotels, five lodges, and an automobile transporta- tion line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 61 to 65. - For authorized rates of the public utilities see last pages of this book. - ** - * - - The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for pas- sengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another . route. . “Liability of transportation company for loss of baggage in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. - - - - , Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. r - Tourists desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont., at Shaw's Hotel. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, West Thumb, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. • * * Photo finishing plants are operated at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.). - - * * - TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. - . . . . . POST OFFICE - The post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Park Headquarters—Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad tourists are advised to have their mail addressed care of the hotel YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 15 company or the lodge company. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to ranger stations on the loop. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. . . - AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION The Yellowstone National Park may be reached by motorists over good connecting automobile roads from a number of the main trans- continental automobile highways. Gardiner, the northern entrance to the park, is reached from Livingston, Mont., on both the National Parks Highway and the Yellowstone Trail, which traverse Montana by approximately the same route. A map and information concern- ing the National Parks Highway can be obtained from the National Barks Highway Association, Spokane, Wash. Information concern- ing the Yellowstone Trail can be obtained from the Yellowstone Trail Association, Minneapolis, Minn. If - . The Cody or eastern entrance may be reached from the National Parks Highway or Yellowstone Trail by turning south from Bill- ings, Mont., and following the main traveled highway via Laurel, Bridger, and Powell to Cody, Wyo. - * * .* West Yellowstone at the western entrance can be reached from the above main highways from Bozeman, Mont., traveling up the Galla- tin Valley, and from Missoula or Butte, Mont., via the Ruby Walley or the Valley of the Madison River. Inquiry should be made at the various cities concerning road conditions. - The Lincoln Highway traverses southern Wyoming, and motorists traveling this route may reach Yellowstone Park by the eastern or Cody entrance by turning north at Cheyenne and following the Yel- lowstone Highway via Casper, Thermopolis, and Cody, and may reach West Yellowstone, the western entrance, by turning north at . Salt Lake City and following the main traveled road through Idaho via Ogden, Utah, and Pocatello and Idaho Falls. The southern or Snake River entrance is reached from this Idaho highway by turning east at Sugar City, crossing the Teton Basin, thence crossing the Teton Mountains via the Teton Pass into the Jackson Hole country. This trip affords wonderful views of the Teton Mountains, Jackson Lake, and the area in the proposed Greater Yellowstone. The south- ern entrance may also be reached from the Lincoln Highway via Lander, Dubois, Twogwotee Pass, and Moran, leaving the Lincoln Highway at Rawlins, Wyo. The Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific High- way also enters the park by way of Lander after crossing Wyoming from the Black Hills. . . . • , 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PABR GLAg|ER NATIONAL PARK ..—--— No connecting roads between — --—--—--— - - - --—r- east and west entrances t 'º ST: Havre Glasgow º % ** - Buford *.*.*. * - t º Ghoteau t N D ****, * Great Falls 0. º º M \,\9 T A N A sº Øresto" 3. ewisto Glendive Dickinson - • *- 18town * ## , \{ELENA Jº Fallon º # F# e .* o ) { w # * º, § ndup | % . ºe Rou - º Bºgºs ) tº Roſh & Forsyth ! --—º 2% 3. ºn d : Lºreſ’ Hardinºs ºjºſºft#. º - ,” * - - -S R - #: Gardiner. & . # ./, D. §. °llows ) - --\Lowell- *—--—- $ º *}om da, to), NZ Gody - Greybull DEvius ToweR N. M. D. !Co Sº,sº **:S ºº:: reybu *Sºrº asnostone cavesn n. M. M.Buffalo Sundance KS Kºº. City | YELLOWSTONE Gillett º su & *NATIONAL 3. illette l Sugar Gity'ſ Nº! } organººk Worland Newcast WIND * t 3. Rºsº Dubois & Ka C - CA VE Idaho Falls Vict § jaº Thermopoli sº yCee º F. w ictormſ ºf O º M - IV N G . | Hot Springs wº * \%.º. & Waltman Edgefnpnt__ -- Pocatello i} &§º. werfºr usk. # ** w O $ G {{ J &As - Douglas & º hº - -. - gº |\{} Éh. \ \ ſ \, N E B R. *. - - - - - ° º • !. Ento!, © Opa *:::::::: Rawlins # # º F: amsutter # *. Si Great\º ſº© Granger Springs \\ • Laramie * idney | - - i g NNE #. § t —- 2.T - —- šeky MoUWra. GH º: º i...ºlºgsyn Craiº'A T19NA; PAR & $º IN. M. $º, º, - - w ** - *** * Estes Park 33 Sºille Rangº. Meeker \º *...* Fort Morgan * *...*Tſ \º º Nejhi 3 ... Aſº, *** Noſgºt; - zºº . U /T//A § * 5"; gºod # &sº § Limon pg|S. ? § § : § $K) S; g § # colo º d Juncti #2 º ‘g & f River * * * Gran ; * º Colorado Springs §2 w - * .* *** - Mikºſ $ Mayyale %,º C O L D O l d še r * & *2 Montros; Salida Pueblo La J un Q-Panguitc 5 § a Junta Ged &. g jer Yce & % 2 ſ & g/ Walsenbur - -4 * <3 ğ.rºſ ºn §4} ”unus ©. * sº Monte Vista ZI - shºp. '. : l • * NATIgM4: ..."...# º TV”. Trinidad__ -Kanabº-PARK_******Māsa VERDEN. P.]— -—H--- mºmºmºmºmºsºm SCALE of M1LES. 18-is-sº-s—5 IOO 200 3CO =Tºo AUTOMOBILE ROUTES BETWEEN YELLowsTONE, GLACTER, Rocky MoUNTAIN, MESA VERDE, ZION, AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKs For information concerning this Highway write to Mr. Charles McCaffree, secretary Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific Highway, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. - - -- ". w . Yellowstone Park is also reached through the Cody or eastern entrance by the Custer Battlefield Hiway which traverses the Black YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 17 Hills and gives direct access to the Custer State Park of South Dakota, the Wind Cave National Park, and the Devils Tower Na- tional Monument; it also crosses the Big Horn Mountains. The Custer Battlefield Hiway also leads to Glacier Park, and by taking the main highways west from Billings, Mont., travelers on this route may reach the north gateway of the Yellowstone. Address W. D. Fisher, secretary, Custer Battlefield Hiway, Mitchell, S. Dak, for information relative to this highway. . - - ... From Glacier National Park tourists may reach Yellowstone by following any one of the following routes: * . . . . The Geysers-to-Glaciers Trail via Choteau, Wolf Creek Canyon; Helena, Three Forks, Bozeman, and West Yellowstone. The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line via Choteau, Great Falls, White Sulphur Springs, and Livingston. - . . . . . . . . . . . . The Flathead Valley Route via Kalispell, Missoula, Butte, Boze- man, and Livingston, or by turning off at Butte or Bozeman, routes as above discussed, leading to the western entrance, may be fol- lowed. - . . . . . . - º - Most of our national parks are linked together by the National Park-to-Park Highway, dedicated in 1920. - , , , . " ' AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 61.) r' . . +- FREE CAMP GROUNDS A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improve- ment. In these camp grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is made available. Cooking grates soon will be provided. . . . . These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of cars. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of interest, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to Sanitation of all camp grounds. GASOLINE AND OIL, ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company carries a stock of standard automobile 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK parts, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, outlet of Lake Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. THE PARK MILE-POST SYSTEM The mile-post signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond- shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case ini- tials of a junction point on the loop road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have sometimes been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gate- way, and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. - - The following is a key to the mile-post initials: N. E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E.' East entrance, 55 miles west of Cody, Wyo. * S. E. South entrance, 25 miles north of Moran, Wyo. . * . . . - M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop System. • º gº N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. . . M. J. Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. - - L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road. joins the loop System. ~. C. J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. - T. J. Tower Falls Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke City leaves the loop System. Mt. W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and junction points. . -- *' As the map between pages 40 and 41 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop" Highway. There are 141.8 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 68.6 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 93.1 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 28 miles of the east-approach YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 19 road in the Shoshone National Forest and 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest. YELLOwstone PARK TOUR-PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)2 - (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no camp site near the town. Camping is not allowed between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, except near the headquarter's power plant, which is located just east of Mammoth Hot Springs. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along Gardiner River. ... • - Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. - - . Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 1% miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mam- moth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is ob- tained a magnificent view to the south and east. It is named from a tomblike rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. - * Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nest- ing place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. * The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop road at Madison Junction (M. J.) 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 28.) The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 44. The road from the south- ern entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 38.) The route from the Southern entrance is given on p. 47. The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L. J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 39.) The route from Cody is given on p. 45. 20 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE - Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as implied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. - 4. •. From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the superintendent's office; United States Commissioner's office; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park, Wyo., post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. It is one-half mile farther south to the junction of the road. Mammoth Lodge is straight ahead and the road to the right leads to Norris Geyser Basin. A small herd of buffalo is kept one-- half mile south of Mammoth Lodge following the road past the camp. There is a small camp site near the buffalo corral. The main attrac- tions of this locality are the large and beautiful hot springs and ter- races. No private camping is permitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 7.4 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS In seeing the springs and terraces the direction here given is usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar to the traver- tine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyserite. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Small articles left for a day or two in the water frequently show a substantial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. From Liberty Cap the path runs southwest for 400 feet and then turns to the south, ascending the first bend to Minerva and Mound Terraces. Leaving Minerva and Mound Terraces the trail passes between them and bears slightly to the right, passing Main TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK - 21. Terrace and The Esplanade on the left, to Cleopatra Terrace, and thence up a stairway and along a ridge to the eastern end of Narrow Gauge Terrace, which was formed by springs which emerged along a fissure and which is now nearly inactive. . Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now nearly extinct. From here the trail parallels the auto road past. The But- tress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring, a prom- inent mound of travertine which is slowly building up. , Beyond Orange Spring the trail follows along a ridge to Old Bath Lake, which was at one time a favorite bathing pool, to White Elephant Back Terrace, a long narrow hot-spring formation resembling the back of an elephant. From here the path passes The Grottoes, caves formed by overhanging travertine, and leads to The Devil's Kitchen, an old hot-spring fissure. The tourist should note that this is the only opening it is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed many birds and small animals fall victims annually to the gas, although the most dangerous Stygian Caves, have been covered by wire netting. The Kitchen marks the highest point on the Ter- race Trail. From here it leads down past New Highland Terrace on the left and Old Angel on the right to Angel Terrace, in many respects the most delicate and beautiful of all." The numerous dead trees here are not petrified but are being well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. : . Canary Spring, at present quite active after having died out for several years, is reached just before Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot- spring terrace in existence. Being large and safe to approach on the south side, Jupiter gives the tourist his best point to view the general features of these springs. At many places upon the broad bench the Jupiter and Blue Springs present the appearance of boil- ing, when as a matter of fact their temperatures are far below the boiling point (approximately 198° F. at this altitude). The violent agitation is due to the escape of gasses, largely carbonic-acid gas. This phenomenon may be observed at a number of places throughout the park. The blue color of the water here and elsewhere in the park is not due to a mineral color or a reflection from the blue sky but is the natural color of clear water in large bodies against the white background. The colors of the terraces are not mineral but organic, being due largely to microscopic thermal algae and sulphur bacteria. From here the Terrace Trail leads to Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool. - - * - McCartney's Cave is an old extinct spring, the opening of which is covered by wire netting, in the lawn near the tennis court. • ‘ 22 TZELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK * * rettowºoms Psarº gewehat. Sroke CAMP WAREHöt/SE tºtfºnt) sºftºp ** v. s. commissionea's office?/\, …, N 95 Iliberty Gap sº } ºo / Hymen: ſodevil's Thumb sº ~=s Terrace/ •oo s & S-\\ | *-ºs-s f °old Palette spring , t * * * * * ~~~...~~ \ Mi #)\ſ/ "/ • A. MAMMOTH Lobºse, *s Pulpit º rrace ºb" / All, _^ Mound Te - * = ce Terrace . - Cleopatra Terrace 2^ Jupiter •gºr:#;" Terrace TO BüFFAto #&#d 'Main. 2: zº2' Tºrádá; * h Jupiter z. * e §s f. JBlue A & Springs Canaſy - *N. 㺠* g prin Narrow \; \º & Z & - Gauge ... • **** Mºº * Terrace «wº. - - - e phoops Mound Glen Spri | New Highland. e º º Terrace ...” Angel & Lookout Points, Terrace & * \ \ Devils Kitchen \. tº & j 225- ~~ Oran SCALE OF FEET 200 O 200 4CO 600 Road \ *-* - * * * * * *= Formation Trail — —- - - - - Nature Trail , SKETOEI MAP OF MAMMOTH EIOT SPRINGS SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS Clematis Gulch Mature Trail.—Three-mile nature-study walk, re- turning by way of hot springs. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled. No guide necessary. Follow the arrows. e TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 Rangers Nature Trail.-Five-mile round-trip horseback ride, start- ing through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are ex- tensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals them- selves. Guide advised. - Around Bunsen Peak.-Ten miles by automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. Trip available to rail tourists as well as private motorists. - Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. Buffalo herds.--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral one- half mile from Mammoth Lodge, on road to Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke City. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder, but usually inaccessible to motorists. Accommodations at Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. - Tower Falls (132 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Mortheastern portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke City (a picturesque old mining camp), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- vides accommodations. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke City, but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 49.) MOUNTAIN CLIMBING “ Electric Peak (11,155 feet).-Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. - ! 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).-South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. . . . * * , Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet).-West of Bunsen Peak. Mount Everts (7,900 feet).-Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles. Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet).-West 5% miles by well-marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. - MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) TO NORRIS - JUNCTION (N. J.) , . - - . (19.8 miles) Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering Kingman Pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 feet high. - - - Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that, form the scenery along the park roads. - • , On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Trilobite Point (9,900), and Mount Holmes (10,300) on the extreme south. Mount IHolmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Flat, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for headquarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 7-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7.289 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 25 Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. - y - At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways leading to the spring for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. ... " Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,382 feet, is a cliff of black volcanic glass. It is the most promi- nent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red and white forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow- heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the ancient dam here being very long and heavy. z The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. . This geyser may be quiescent, as its eruptions are very irregular. Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme. top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from : the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater; the formation gradually spread to its present size. Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet. they are of different color—one blue, the other green. * * Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is along- side the road. . . . A. . . . - The Frying Pam (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude. 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that. earned its name. . . . THE Norris RANGER STATION is at the crossing of the Gibbon . River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook troot. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. - Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N. J.). y t f NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) To CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - (10.8 miles) - The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used generally by the traveling public in coming from the Grand Canyon rather than 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE in going to it from other points. This is due to the traffic rules of the park which guide travel around the loop-road system in a coun- terclockwise direction. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. NORRIS JUNCTION (N.J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one-half mile south of the Junction. NORRIS GEYSER BASIN 4 (Altitude, 7,550 feet) The path for viewing this formation starts immediately beyond the parking area and follows the boardwalk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler Steam, Vent. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with bril- liantly tinted algous growths which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. Constant, Geyser, Whirligig. Geyser, Valentine Geyser, in a deep pit to the right, and the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of Black Growler first made its appearance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin are constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black Growler is near the road and is now active. Bathtub Spring, on the left, is sometimes an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; at other times it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Spring and some small, recent paint pots to New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a comparatively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. Congress Pool, on the left of the road, near the north end of the basin, has been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite dif- “For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 54. º º YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 27 ferent characteristics from those of the preceding or following month. Hurricane Vent is a mud vent across the road from Congress Pool. The road from Black Growler leads down the hill to Minute Man Geyser. Beyond Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Monarch. Geyser Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had pre- viously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or ſ/2 (% ) scALE of FEET" The VReservoir. º o Rock Spring soo; To T3oo ToQ9 T 900, Tuzool Receptacle Spring Sieve Lake - /*--. ,” % Onyx Springo / Q §. Springs, O ‘S’ Ebony Geyser od Iris Spring sº ſº. 8 )** • e Porcelain e Grystal Spring Grown cratero Constant Geºffr o - Terrº ‘g Whirligig Geyser' Arsenic erráce 25° &a sº A'orº #:A - \ - ::::::: &ngress \ Valentine Geyserojº Pool \\ Black Growlerſ. - *Perpetual Spouter - Nuphar Lake eBathtub Spring \ \ . SEmerald Spring § RAGGED HILLS. *A yeº carrow” o Minute Man * yser ) Monaré. Geyser Crater § !) $0 Echinus Geyser S. s: Geyser • , § %lpitator Spring * W Gqorporal Geyser * Recess Spring Wº ſº/ Sewan #yºr e SS ---, ** - & of earl Geyser >-/ gºggoAy º - i & - Pebble Geyser Como \\ & - Coral Geyser & wº Nº sº & ... • § Hydrophane spring"; } b - 39 wº .* Gray. Medusa Spring 9 Lakes’ Gold Springs SKETCH IMAP OF NORRIS GEYSEE BASIN twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for the past 10 years. The path continues south to Fearless, Veteran, Corporal, Viaen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption. ELK PARK, GIBBON MEADOWS, GIBBON CANYON From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (14.3 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK *. interesting from the peculiar rock formations. Through Gibbon Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude, 7,335 feet, are good.camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on. At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist. Paint Pots, located at the foot of Paint Pot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 5 miles from Norris Junction) is an old trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths mile to the Monu- ment Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. These cones are more of the type of Lone Star and Lion Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” - The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more promi- .nent. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves small cones covered with brownish algae and iron, giving them the appearance of being choco- late coated. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197 .6° F.), on the right, close to the road, is a violently agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (8% miles from Norris), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. -- The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an inter- esting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junction, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet the road from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.) enters the main highway system. + This is Madison Junction (M. J.), altitude 6,805 feet. MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) To old FAITHFUL (o. f.) (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop high- way the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is Na- tional Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before * The route from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), is described On p. 44. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 29 their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establish- ment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads in the northwestern corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis, and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears a cross section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. - -- At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. FountAIN RANGER STATION is situated on the left, 5.9 miles from Madison Junction. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. - - LOWER GEYSER BASIN 6 Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of a more thorough examination than can be given to cer- tain prominent ones along the road. - . . " A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur every- where throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. From the point of unloading at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more, on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. . . . . . . . . South of Fountain Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left at * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 54. 84546°–28—3 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Silea, Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless his time is limited. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a constantly play- ing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in to WER (EY&ER BASIN Porcupiñée r’ſ omorning Mist Jö MORRi8 GEY&ER BA&ſº - ſºl. >. - - 2: Milfº Hill A Sprin # fiſt; p *.* CULEX BASIN * Oo-QUAGMIRE S g sºãº F- & N o “S G *@ Rush Lake CŞ - sº e -ad Rou $% olone Spring Fungo º?” - - Ž 2, Kaleidoscope * Zo * & Geysero o Gentian Pool ;"| Geyser Leath ſ psyara Geyseſ 2 gather Poo Bailºš à Geyseroº & 3 Fountain Paint Pot - to gº nk & Spring & $ AS § w Sº SCALE OF FEET. a/JGreat 6 Fountain oo Geyser - to WER GEY&ER 8A8/A9 To gppen tiersºn. eastw. 7 wiles SKETCH MAP OF LOWER GEYSER BASIN the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a flame of fire. This continues till the bubble disappears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road" branches to the left, leading to the Great * This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use this road during the 1928 Season, but to return to the loop road and take the next left-hand turn to Great Fountain. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 31, Fountain Geyser, playing every 8 to 12 hours, and rightly considered as one of the sights of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty, of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. . . . - Between Firehole Lake and Great Fountain Geyser, Tank Spring is passed; Young Hopeful, Narcissus, Bead, and Pink Cone are all Small and interesting geysers. * To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. . . . . . From Great Fountain, Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too small to detain the tourist long. The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Foun- tain is a violently boiling 'spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. tº º One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken. Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a promi- nent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west { of Firehole River. , \ * . • , - MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN Midway Geyser Basin (4.7 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing. to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designa- tion. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. t - - The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1888. The beautiful tints and colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy com- panions. g Biscuit Basin (8.1 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Pool, - 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. ‘Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later 'violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to this basin. A short distance west the Jewel and Silver Globe are Small geysers whose striking formations give them their character- istic names. . . . . . . Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west. and rather difficult to find. . . - - A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action. º º , UPPER GEYSER BASIN 8 A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. - The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few seasons. - - At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside, one of the prominent geysers of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from six to seven hours. An over- flow from the lower opening presages an eruption within an hour. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. The next camp site is southwest of Castle Geyser, nearly 1 mile by road from this point. Special camp grounds for private parties travel- ing in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faith- ful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside Geyser camp. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. f • From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any un- usual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin Road) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. ! 8 For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 54. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 33 The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy Biscuſſ, g; 'Avocaspring ... • **P*. * I Restless,G - tº ench Spring estless, . - S8,0eyser º §Iron Springs t Artemisia Geyser - * , : W \ *\ &\N\Fan Geyser . ortar Geyser f g - chain Lake NY - / White Pyramid Spa Geyser By Riverside Geyser & Geyser Gone 3. *, Rocket_g } - & * & & 22 z *2 Punch Bowl. A Sºjº-> * Sgggg. #%;º *A* #stiff Geyser . . - lſ |ant Geyser Round odº A Purple Pool Springs &Yoblong Geyser BLACK.. S unset º of Spouter Geyser 27 Rai *f; \owave Spring - *Economic Geyser, Grater * - - -- * i Turban Geyser A º Whistle Geyser . Spanker ...W. §§ dººr granty z Enfºld x SS Terra gºodſ; Triplets Vents GROUP O º Pool Sººn NS----- Orange Pool. Fº sšpasmodi Geyser A (ſ) - *~ Fºllºpſ' "Sawmill Geyser Z d - §Z & <ſ r , Crest sº3. & > BASIN & {} #. º ; - ea Kettle Three Sisters “. R&eciº-eWagit . Springs' antessº. Spr G = Road $ --———Nature Trail . *-------- * - sºmeºmº gº ººm.Formation Trail } Old Faithful inn CALE OF FEET - 5Oo, O. 500; 10OO! Fº 2000, 25oC) RAAWGFR 37A TiON { free auro camp anoumps ſº F0. WE&r rºſt/M8 ºf YEltow870ME LAKE 19 MILE& SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. Dur- ing the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the now inactive Splendid. & 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE These three geysers, as well as all springs in this neighorhood, are connected. . When one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. A quarter mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake, Handkerchief Pool, and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly after- wards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. The path that leaves the road at the Grotto Geyser leads past the shattered cone of Giant Geyser, the greatest geyser of them all, but rather uncertain in its periods. At the north of the Giant are Bijou and Mastiff Geysers, two small ones that are playing most of the time. On the opposite side of the river east of the Giant are three pools, normally quiet, but apparently connected to the Giant, as the surface of their waters lowers each time their big neighbor erupts. A short distance farther is the crater of Oblong Geyser, beautiful to look at either while quiet or in action. Crossing the river on a footbridge and continuing, the path passes Chromatic and Beauty Pools and on to Economio Geyser Crater. For many years this small and active geyser played every three minutes, using the same water over and over again, but its action is erratic and of late years it has not been known to play at all. A quarter mile farther to the south, at the base of a rock-covered hill, is one of the finest geysers, the Grand, which plays 200 feet high in a series of eruptions, its eruptions being smooth, strong, and powerful, as well as beautiful to behold. Immediately to the north is the Turban Geyser, so called because of the large, turbanlike masses of sinter in its crater. All the springs and geysers in this section seem to be more or less connected to Grand Geyser, for while each geyser plays independently their water supply seems to be affected by the action of the Grand. Triplet Vents, Bulger Spring, and Chimney Cone are for the most part quiet, but sometimes become violently agitated. The Tardy is a very powerful little geyser, with such a small opening that there is a sharp whistling noise to each eruption. Spasmodio is a small geyser. But the important member of this group is Sawmill Geyser. Here the violent whirling motion of its waters in action is due, no doubt, to the explosion of bubbles of superheated steam, aided, per- haps, by some peculiarity of its crater. t - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 35 It is usual here to turn to the right and cross the river on the footbridge. The path then leads up the hill to Orested Pool, a beautiful open spring of great depth. It never boils, nor is it at all affected by the eruption of the near-by Castle Geyser. This is another powerful geyser, and is, so far as known, unconnected with any other spring or geyser. It is also peculiar in that it frequently spurts up 15 or 20 feet, just as if it might play. This spurting Sometimes continues for several days and is usually an indication that the geyser will not play. This geyser has the highest and probably the most remarkable cone of any. From this point the path leads in an easterly course to the river bank, and the river is crossed again to the east side on another foot- bridge. Immediately in front and a hundred yards from the river is a rounded hill of geyser formation, with a group of four geysers on its top. These are the Lion, Lioness, and two Cubs. Lioness Geyser, which is the large open crater of boiling water, and Big Cub Geyser, the Smaller of the two cones, are very seldom in eruption. Little Cub Geyser, the smallest opening, plays every hour or two, and the Lion, the largest of the cones, plays frequently. To the west on the next elevation is Ear Spring, and a little farther on is Doublet Pool, both quiet boiling springs. Then the path turns to the south to Sponge Geyser, remarkable for the color and texture of its formation and the explosiveness of its eruptions, although it only throws its water 2 or 3 feet. - Next a low mound to the south is ascended, and on it are located three open pools, sometimes quiet, sometimes boiling, and sometimes in action. The connection between all three is very close. The first pool with the raised rim is Teakettle Spring; the second, the smaller of the rimless pools, is Vault Spring; the largest pool is the crater of the Giantess, a large, powerful, and uncertain geyser. It is just as well not to approach Giantess Geyser too close. It has not much consideration for the safety of its visitors and has been known to break forth into eruption with no warning whatever from its quiet, Smiling crater. When this geyser does start the vast masses of erupted water are wonderful to behold. * Now the path turns south and then down toward the river, but the tourist should keep far enough to the south to avoid the small openings that indicate the dangerous nature of the ground between Giantess Geyser and the nearest point of the river. - On the edge of the high bank of the river is the broken crater of the old Cascade Geyser. Immediately opposite, on the west side of the river, is the small, round opening of Chinaman Spring. At this point the tourist turns a little north of west to the cone of Beehive Geyser, the most artistic and symmetrical of all. 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Crossing the bridge below the Beehive Geyser and going south to the very head of the basin, the visitor arrives at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourists’ friend. Other, geysers may be more powerful, others may throw their water higher, others may have more beauti- ful craters, but Old Faithful has some of each of these qualities, and in addition it plays often and with regularity. It had the honor of welcoming the first explorer, and never since that day has it failed any tourist. - . OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. It is 55 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 50 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. , Here is located Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store, bathhouse, and picture shop are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. - - OLD FAITHFUL RANGER STATION AND CoMMUNITY CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. Qualified rangers conduct visitors' and explain the phenomena viewed at intervals every day. w - - SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITHFUL INN AND LODGE Nature Trail.-This trail is in the shape of a double circle and may be entered from Old Faithful Lodge bridge, near Lion Geyser, or near Grand Geyser. Total distance, 4 miles. Natural features well labeled. No guide needed. Follow the arrows. Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-seven miles (25 outside of park), Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Resorts operated by B. D. Sheffield and the Jackson Lake Lodge, Inc. - OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) To west THUMB of YELLOW- - STONE LAKE (W. T.) - (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cas- cades; altitude 7,583 feet. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 37 At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek’ (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. - - Then the road turns down the narrow and tortuous Oorkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. . . . . Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. . The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,365 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. - - As the road leads out to the lake shore the road forks. The road to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Bound- ary, and Jackson Lake. The road to the left is the loop road. THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) THE THUMB RANGER STATION is on the left at the forks of the road; Hamilton's store is immediately north. The automobile camp grounds, housekeeping tents, and cafeteria are on the right. Alti- tude 7,784 feet. & . A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet), a quarter mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction. (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 48 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake; * altitude 7,784 feet. - * WEST THUMB (W. T.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) º (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all of the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, magnificent views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains are visible from many points. - On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arnica Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then, turning left up a long lane, going back over the old road about a mile. - LAKE HOTEL AND LAKE LODGE tº Near the Lake Hotel (19.1 miles from Thumb) is the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellow- stone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Along the road to Cody, Wyo., just beyond Fishing Bridge, is an auto camp, where there are housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store, and picture shop. The United States Fish Hatchery is just west of the Lake Hotel. Altitude of hotel 7,761 feet. . . LAKE RANGER STATION is between the store and Lake Lodge, SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Jackson, Hole and Lake.—Sixty-nine miles (25 outside of park), Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. - Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. ° The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 47. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 39 LAKE JUNCTION. (L. J.)10 Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Boundary and Cody branches off to the right. It is 26.6 miles from this point to the East Entrance (E. E.), 82 miles to Cody, the east gateway city, 14.3 miles to Canyon Junction (C. J.), and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); altitude, 7,791 feet. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) (14.3 miles) * Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively located among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. i The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the special camp site and free public automobile grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles, and opposite, on the right, is the CANYon RANGER STATION. . - A short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road, known as Canyon Junction (C. J.). CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 41.3 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Norris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left is the short cut to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles distant. The main loop road continues north past Canyon Hotel junction and to the left at Grand View junction. 10 The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 45. 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (10.8 miles) On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- tion), and then the road winds, through timber-covered, rolling country to Virginia. Meadows, where there is a camp site, and the fishing is good. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junc- .* tion and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Virginia. Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. t . . . . -- - - GRAND CANYON - If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout. Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to , view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the can- To so.2EMAN --- GARD1NER *ś, Gardiner - d e- - " 1 10" º 61 MILEs 11°00' º fº 2. ---- --—944. !!9–4. - - - y —-- • - ===-- |R. R. Sta.--P. 0.—Expressiº S.E.I." - L', € —--- ºf -- allatio ~~ sºaº Hotels--Store--Garage ſº - T-c N ! frºg sºunds & % gooke |→r - Lake \"\ -- ſStore-Garage § {SUPI S offici keeping Cabins-Picture Shop i MONIANA -:4 — — —- …’ |>{ --> - - - - - - : Gasoline—0ils rt - -- serºth House-Lau; ry WYOMING 2/ _- Z/ ss Y \r-U2's N \ \ } J- >={{*Hellroaring /. %; : os ellowstone Park P. 0. 2 MAMMOTH HOTEL S. 1 <> 2^ ZZ M. © ſu Information Office - - y fºLIMOTFS: --- SK O *º-s soug"/?' 1.0 Q §º Museum Maminot. Hot Sarings GE i 2S & \ - sº. 3 O }~~ Medical Service 24-S 2^ſ. w §32% TS-34s A SS- 22* ABison Fr. $ - 8 S--|- s:4Gray Pk, 2% WTT \r - 72. - Tower \Junction, wº- "N 8800 -Q p - \--~N~s, *ās iO360 % Golden Gatºº))^****ś"** ** M:- ails \\Butte t SS & 4 & 3/ R- f `-- *s----- - - _2~5:S - C) Pk., ; $ 2.3 G | # * *s- "Frºm pass º *::::" | ROSEFIT) Peinte-Tº: º, tº & s! Gallatiº ºss *Yake | (5 L0DGE F- * TN \ * , Buffalo Ranch § I &- •, & J. | ,’ Tower Falls)\\*~ */o 38 | - ------ 7 @' s t 2 132 Fog Drop-ºſs * > C.S. *::::ite Qy AN / - I * -- ~~ * . _2^SEVEyſłTLE sº - * * > - - &/ 96.OO ! _- \ U2---- BPIDGE/ º § Fººt _2^ | \ :: *-*. Fossil & $f The # . . . Galatin \Bighorn Pass {{ Q *~ ,--- ~ l $ / \ 'v Forest,’ NY º/ Needles $ 3. \ Lake 2. t Y- f e'ſ M W. \ x” {\ - | --" * - ...i *::::: / N kº W. f \ - \ Amethyst A \\ - § ! | Three Rivers Pk. Mt. Holmes ſ? SºSpring \ \ ! / O ! \, \ -O § §. / >FS-.. 2. 9900 # 10300 / - -- - / | ſy / \ } \ Sºo * SS / \ d - ite Pks. § # /iBeave; Obsidian Cliff | t | / Jº: \ Q400 N- \ Wahb Springs I **** fºLak: f } | ) ‘- FREE AUTO | - Grizzly Like § --sºº'ſ the Woods Dºnraven *:: I à intº *"...sº I | / ſ : #: Mtn. \ ; 8 ashbār sººn. I / -Q N N HOTEL K. N. t & ,” arage | / O 757: \ º rage Nºssad § 2% sº Gasoline—0ils § ! || ||WEST YELLOWSTONE # tº L. Njº HNº,' s 3s ºr # . WEST ENTRANCE | \ }) --~ S&T/.3 z^ & \ ; : ; FREE, AUTO cAMP GROUNDs ! NORRIS % . / "- 2% wº - \ f i | R. R. Sta.-P. O.--Express ! -- 4 º'Norris &Z Ganyon; ". \ | Hotels—Store–Garage 2^ GEYS a f] '93; "2-ºººº... e. \sual wº ! / | -------- - | * <—* _- - Pi—CANYon Lodge \” ºf ! ---T 2^ *A 2. ºftist REE 2’ SSYellowstone Falls ~ \ * : ~ TT | FREE AUTo Lº - Il Casca “ſ, Nº E - ~ \ / º gāounts| º \ | AUTO CAMP GROUND chºſenben Bridge N - AA Beryl Spring Store—-Picture Shop .* \ N ~~ ~/.3.2. M. | Çafeteria-Housekeeping 22% \. ~ --> ‘S. Jron \ Cabins—Gasoline – Oils i22°C; * * Pelican Cone ~., ,” Spring > Z$ Tº \ °. #950 - ^ - | - .” SS jºgºs S / %. \ z FISHING BRIDGE, | §t \ Rºjº #ºn ºz ºr * ºf , g N\ FREE Aurº. GAMP # \ Weichstone * - ſy A- A/ % ºs- GROUNDS § 2^^ . Pyramid P. A N- a;%des}( Junctián 5.2%- º, Geysers *. Store–Picture Shop | 9 2^ Z’’ jºyº; Fr. s: N F} º / }% 3. Housekeeping cabins ^ -2° 8/ #10300 : ! - `--- º ofe sº _Mary ºak;3°, - \ | Cafeteria-Garage J_^T CŞ” f º-----> Sº 2 2-tº- ** I LAKE Lobäf N scan rºº’’ # / - | S $ - *- § £ºrce Gre - 3. AllT0 cºunts LAKE LODGE #. G Peº- 3, gº.” Pk I | - w- * E | Store—Gasoline–Oils ID 2~ §§ **______ : | Fountain Paint Pot \, : LAKE HOTEL Nurbid lake $ *-------jīº CreeRT: | ‘Yº- Nº Garage tº Bear 3'-2' PAHASKA TEPEE | ira - w I \ -- - - ! * Firehole Lake \ Natural Bridge-TX \\} > Hotel—Store—Garage i - M. 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"Toyoo. -T- º - - -:-------------- To LANDER 189 MILES * *-*.*.*.*.*.* **-***.*.* tº R - " - F -, -, -, -ou ovº, cat. sun vºv MAP OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Norrisobenotes Ranger Station — Direction of Trave Distances given are between main points by road NOTE THE MILE-POST SIGNS YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL IPARE - 41 4. yon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. . . A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by the ancient glacier that carried it and dropped it here for the wonder of the tourist. There are several most interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, etc., to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horseback, via good trails. Most of these can be made safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. W ROAD TO TOWER FALL& | WiM Mr. WASHBURN 09 - f DUMRAVEN PASS ,--- ; $/ #: ; Sº & ! § & $º.| Ö $/ § e § • Sº ge S $/ & f Ş & f ..Y {T}} - §: § & << *ºs-----. § Sºz Ló9 ºft-iāz § § sº * $2’ FA § tº § w § stºr alſº $º :º f k. ſ º / Š $26.-SE s".9. sº* / Boulºg. - ---> Žº - - xi Bear Pit º§ Fºllºš º y p *~~ - - - - --- ºff. º: Å. anyon Hotel //º g - yon hotel2% § Z. S. al fººt ºff frº W ºiſº , §§". §§§ gººd O s º,^2. i. i. VZNA º ÖRé §§º ; - FREE Aurº § - A \\ A Trail to Crystal Falls and Lower Falls cAMP GRounds §: §º. - - B Stairs to Lower Falls '#' RANGER &rArld } § º % iCáñyon Lod C Lookout Point * Wº. D Grand Wiew ºr Falls (109 ft.)" gºals doeſ E Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls | No bridge here) L– F Trail to Inspiration Pt. Forest Sprises' G Trail to Silver Gord Gascade . "Ghittenden Bridge ſº | scALE of †: two rows / t - Q. . Sketch Map of GRAND Canyon CANYON JUNCTION (c. J.) To TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) * , ‘. . . . (19.4 miles) # In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until It leads up past the Canyon Hotel. Camp sites are about July 1. scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an altitude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted 42 YELLOWSTONE INATIONAL PARK on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. - At Dunraven. Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn, (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,346 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numberless opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude, 6,597 feet) at Tower Falls. Owing to the congested condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The two columnar walls in the sides of the canyon across the Yel- lowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. - Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very pretty walk back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- dred yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; altitude 6,264 feet. - * . } TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) } The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining community of Cooke City, beyond the boundaries of the park. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 43 SIDE TRIPS FROM TOWER FALLS JUNCTION AND ROOSEVELT . LODGE . . . . . . . . . . . . Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads, and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. . . . From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life, this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. l - * * . • The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. Petrifted Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast three- fourths of a mile on side road. Standing trunk of one petrified tree. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. , “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle’” John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and coneys live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. Buffalo Ranch-On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big Buffalo Ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills. w Specimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and South of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. SoDA BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park, on which is located CookE RANGER STATION, traverses its entire length. - Cooke City.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies just beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reserva- tion. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indea, Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were 44 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. Grasshopper Glacier—A few miles beyond Cooke City is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the Snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. . . . ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) To MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) (17.6 miles) i The first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Tree, three- fourths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. . . After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. A - "- At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junction there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. . * * Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon which starts here is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. " - At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower. Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude, 5,960 feet. WEST YELLOWSTONE, MONT., THE WESTERN ENTRANCE (w. E.) To MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) - (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. - -- - - - ... 1 ; YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 45 The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. - CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) To LAKE i JUNCTION (L. J.) - * , (82.2 miles) Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 55.2 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. . . Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermop- olis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. - Leaving the Burlington Station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new high- way as it turns out of sight of the plains. . . w - The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, * See p. 28. 84546°–28—4 46 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Recla- mation of the Department of the Interior blasted from the solid rock a splendid road 8 miles long. In many places the road passes ... through tunnels in the granite walls. This is the road that is trav- eled through the gorge and out to the park. The Government found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inacces- sible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting mate- rials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is the second highest in the world, 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 is approximately $10,000,000. . . Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scien- tists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. • - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. , 4 Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Ohimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephant's Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann Spruce. - - • - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 47 Just after crossing the North Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PAss RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PASS LODGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. } + . . . . . . Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam open- ings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy; but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, near the north shore of the Yellow- stone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.).” & * MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) TO LOOP. ROAD AT WEST THUMB (W. T.) (48 miles) Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. B. D. Sheffield and the Jackson Lake Lodge (Inc.) operate resorts on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. * * This mountain group is an imposing outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low eleva- * See p. 39. 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK tions just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from, north- south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. , These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the Summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. - The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tain areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. - ... From Jackson Lake reclaimed waters fertilize a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. - - * . 4 * At the southern entrance of the park, altitude 6,882 feet, is the ranger station. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the burned section the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is..just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. " . . . • : . . . } - * Lewis Lake, altitude.7,787, feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri. dan. . It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, t YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 49 flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” **, * - ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) To BUFFAlo RANCH, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE CITY, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke City, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction. Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite boulders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Falls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier boulders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Walley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is maintained in the winter months by the Government. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junc- tion. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The northeast boundary is crossed (31 miles from Tower Falls Junc- tion and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest, 3 miles before reaching Cooke City. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain Scenery. At the park boundary, 3 miles from Cooke, City, the CookE RANGER STATION is located. YELLOWSTONE PARK TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the * See p. 38. ' 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animal life in their native retreats during summer months. It is here where nature, except for trail, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly im- pressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. HOWARD EATON TRAIL - - “, & - - Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction 20 Norris Junction to Fountain Ranger Station- 18 Fountain Ranger Station to Old Faithful - , 11 Old Faithful to West Thumb - :---- - 20 West Thumb to Lake t { . 20 Lake to Canyon * . . . - \ - h 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction . . - - 20 Canyon to Norris Junction “ - - - { 14 Tower Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs 18 ^ Total mileage of Howard Eaton trail. -- 157 The Howard Eaton trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “loop" road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “loop" highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or, otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled, as time affords. Cer- tain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: SCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM which THEY RADIATE, * * " ; - AND DISTANCES 15 ... r - ( 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: " - A. 4. , Miles 'To summit of Mount Everts and return ---- 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return------------ 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return * , 14 To Gardiner, Mont., via old road, and return- 10 To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak • * 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station 11 . . . To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass____ 30 14 Intersecting trail between east and west sides of park at these points. - - * See Saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 73, 74, 75, 77, 78; also under Personally Conducted Camping Parties, p. 84. *YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL IPARE 51 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs—Continued. , r • , Miles “ To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, and Big Horn Pass Trail - 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail- 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain, Ranger Station, On Madison Plateau Trail .15 2. From Old Faithful: , • * - - .. , TO BiScuit Basin *——, 2.5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail-------- 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail---------- 15 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail - 16 To Lone Star Geyser ----. 3.5 From LOne Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake Outlet, Shoshone Trail—- 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail------ * ---- 5 To Lewis Lake, via Norris PaSS, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone , Take - 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail--------------- 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bech- ler Canyon - g 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return——--------- 8 3. From Lake : . - • * t, | A To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction-------- 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary____ 3 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, via Miller Creek - i 20 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake-------- 7 4. From Canyon: * Y . . . . , t To Fountain, Via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail----------- 25 To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's, Trail from Canyon Lodge__ . 5 To Seven Mile Fishing Hole j 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge 1 To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail 6 To Summit of Mount Washburn - 9 To Sulphur Mountain t - 5 To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail---------L 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail---. { } 4 To Silver Cord Cascade 4 To Devil's "Ink Pot 4 5. From Tower Falls: - To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail-------------- 25 To Specimen Ridge 7 From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain______ 12 To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail______ 12 To East Boundary, via Buffalo Farm and Miller Creek--------- 37 To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction---- 45 TO Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction--------- 49 6. From Fountain : - To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail----------- 15 To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail. 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful w - 2. 5 To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail------------ 25 52 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7. From West Thumb : r - y Miles To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail) 20 To Heart Iake, by road and trail 15 To Lewis Lake (proposed trail) - . . 9 To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail____ - - 14 8. From Norris : - - - To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail 8 9. From Soda Butte : . - - - To Lake, Via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction--- 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary— 3. To East Boundary, via Miller Creek - 20 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake------ 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain 12 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction 7 10. From Gardiner: , ' w - To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail-- 12. From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail---------- 12 From Slough Creek to North Boundary, on Slough Creek Trail____ 12 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail 7 To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail 8 To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road–––. 5 11. From Gallatin : * To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass.---- 30 To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail 11 From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak- 14 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Big Horn Pass Trail - 35 To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail__ 60 12. From Riverside: - - To Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail------------ 15 From Fountain Ranger Station to Biscuit Basin on Little Firehole Trail º 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail---- 33 13. From Upper Yellowstone: - - To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge - - 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail - 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAREC 53 °00`BIQ S0480Įpuſ "J, 99 Z9 9}, 9&I &#I{ 86 ģg *S °S–ýg IZBI“IBIW 8’ſ, 9 ºg8 LI6I“IBWI #8 "Z 806Į“Ț0O 86 "AI Ø% Iý – 888I “u BT . 96 · I06IºÁIn T 8 "Łº, Z '09 ! ’88 026I ý ‘ZI † ‘84 # "OZ 9 ’88 # "62 A '', 6I6I ! “I 86 '0 ZZ "I £3333 ZI 0ſ, ZI6I. 8 ^9 "J,. 0I6I "J, | 0161 86 '0 10 "I 68 94, ZI Øſ, "AAS ' ‘AWAS—Zg 6 '9 £ 'Z · IZ6I 8 （8 Iz6I. 0I 0$ ‘I 88 "I ‘S . "AMAS–gſ °S-6}} 9I6'ſ 0'8 8 ”OI Iz6I 8 ”OI IZ6I £I gg ‘I IZ6I †0 "Z Ig 9! 0I Z Z8 868T A '8Z 0 'Zg g "Off ‘OJøZ 968I 88 188I Z ºſº 0 ºg9 I “Ig $Z 0I6'ſ 86 006|| 9 ºff; A '94, I ’09 006I 9°0ý # "/9 0 * #g 068|| Ø "9% Z '8; Z °/8 1. ‘8 9 gº EI6I 8 ºg Ź9 0I6I [ 'A'. 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Jo Jºqu'Inu 93819AW - - - - - - -948p pub (sºUſouſ) sinoq †z uļ uoņ8ņĮđț00Id qsø48ęup ~~~ (sºqouſ) uoņ8ļļđț0øJđ 938u9Aſ soolºop) ainqºlečů， těšW Ibnuuy 19Q -LII000GT Jºq -UTI@A0N Iºq040O J -BI9ņdøS qsmāny A Inſ 9ūnſ Á 8.JWI [[Idy q0ų8IWI ÁJB -nuq0）{ Krenuº T pI009I jo qņ3u9^T n80Ing JºqȚ80 M. S048?S pºſſun ºļsȚ30[010040ūI ‘Jºq040IJI ‘H ‘GI Kq pºtſdūIOO] 2a\snįou? ºg 26 I og Zºg I ‘’ofi A4 ºgļu paſ 9woņsamoſº X ºs6u\，dS 40 H \qovunuo JAV doſ quodød 19ųņ09A4 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Table of surface temperatures of hot 8prings, geysers, and fumaroles [Based upon observations made by the Geopºlºurs of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- - ton, D. C. All given temperatures are at best only approximate as they vary considerably from time to time. Temperatures Name - Remarks Centi- || Fahren- grade heit Boiling River 48.5 119.3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: 7- Angel Terrace 74. 0 165.5 ! Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace---------------------- 68.0 154.4 || Coloring due to algæ. en 73. 0 163.6 | Nearest to Liberty Cap. Jupiter Terrace 73. 0 | 163.6 Largest hot spring terrace in the world. Mound Terrace 71.0 159.8 High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: - lack Growler Steam Vent------------- 140.0 284.0 | Hottest vent in the #: Cinder Pool 92.0 197.6 || Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser--------- ---------------- 91. 0 195.8 || Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser------------ --------- 93. 0 || 199.4 uddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--------- 92.0 197.6 || Violently agitated Spring. Lower Geyser Basin: r Clepsydra Geyser 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot-------------------- 93.5 200.3 | Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------------- 96.0 204.8 Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: - - - - Jewel Geyser 95.0 203. 0 || Just before an eruption. Do 92.0 197.6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool 93.0 199.4 Intermittently Seething. Upper Geyser Basin: - - Beach Spring 89.3 192, 7 || Algous coloring notable. Beehive Geyser 95.0 203.0 || Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring 93. 5 200.3 || A small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser 94.2 201.6 || Dangerous area. Lion Geyser 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser-------------------------- 94, 8 202.64 | Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool-------------------- - 77.0 170.6 . One of the most famous pools. ponge Geyser 95.0 203.0 Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------------- 94.0 201. 2 || Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: - Black Sand Pool------------------------ 93.0 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser 91.1 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. - Comet Geyser 94.8 202.64 || Underground connection with Daisy eySer. e Daisy Geyser 94.0 200. 1 || Just before eruption. o 91.0 195.8 || Just after eruption. . Emerald Pool 69. 3 156.74 Most beautiful green pool. Handkerchief Pool---------------------- 83, 5 182. 3 || A famous spring. - Punch Bowl Spring-------------------- 94.5 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling Spring. Yellowstone River Road: Dragons Mout 75. 0 167.0 Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano 84.0 183.2 | Violently boiling mud. PROMINENT GEYSERs AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NORRIS GRYSER BASIN - Heat of Water Duration of eruption Height of eruption Remarks * * Interval between Name eruption o - Feet F. 284. 0 188.1 Steam three Sër. New Crater Gey- 6–25 || 1 to 4 Beautiful ruddy 199.4 , YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 55 Low ER GEYSER BASIN.(INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) Height of Duration of | |Interval between 4. Heat of Name eruption eruption eruption Remarks Water * , , - ... } . Black Warrior - Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- pringS. t t Clepsydra Geyser - 10–40 . Few seconds----| 3 minutes------- Named for water clock------ 197.6 Excelsior Geyser | 200–300 || About 3% hour---| Irregular--------| Ceased playing in 1888------ 193.3 Fountain Geyser-- 75 | 10 minutes--- do Seldom in eruption----------|-------- Fººtain Paint * Basin of boiling clay-------- 200, 3 OU. 2’ ; & - Firehole Lake • Underwater “flames”-------|-------- Grand Prismatic :4 Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. - remarkable coloring. Gº Fountain 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes- 8 to 12 hours----| Spouts 4 or 5 times---------- 204.8 Steady Geyser* * * * * 20–40 || Steady TNonº Plays continuously----------|-------- Turquoise Pool - r About 100 feet in diameter--|-------- t UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER BASIN) 50 10 to 15 200 || 6 to 8 to 8 to 15 60 to 80 0.1 Ul Il C Ilêar 202. 1 Spring. Riverside 6 to 7 Very regular; plays over the 201.2 rIVěr. TJsually 5 to 8 times a 192, 1 Has not played since 200. 48 Sponge A small but 203.0 Sunset A beautiful Turban Turban-like hours. in the Notable springs.-Black Sand Pool [1994], Chinaman [2003], Emerald Spring [156.71, Morning Glory [170.6], Punch Bowl \ [202,1], Sunset Lake.” FISHING IN THE YELLowSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timberline down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain 10 Figures given indicate approximate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. 56 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. - - - - - Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, and Canyon Junction. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith and William C. Rendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information. Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, but the latter office can not fill mail orders. wild ANIMALs Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near hotels and camps, occasionally along the roads, and abundantly around the kitchen door at Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are occasionally seen, espe- cially in the evenings. Mountain sheep are seen about once a week on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may always be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers’ Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs. * r t - In winter elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer, antelope, and moun- tain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK' 57 RULES AND REGULATIONS . . *.. - i. (Approved January 11, 1928, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by the Secretary of the Interior) - GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbid- den to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosi- ties, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot-spring formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. -- . . The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked permit must be secured from the ranger in charge. 2. Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park. and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for tourists visiting the park in their own conveyances, and no camping is permitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used during past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. It is necessary, therefore, that the following rules be strictly. enforced for the protection of the health and comfort of the tourists who visit the park in their own conveyances. (a) Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans, or, if cans are not available, placed in the pits provided at the edge of camp. At new or unfrequented camps garbage shall be burned or carried to a place hidden from sight. Keep the camp grounds clean. - * * (b) There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site, and the water in the creeks and streams adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rang- ers for sources to use. Tourists out on hiking parties must not contaminate watersheds of water supplies. They are indicated by signs, pipe lines, and dams. There is plenty of pure water; be sure gyou get it. --- - (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. ! . (d) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis- tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (e) Wood for fuel only can be taken from dead or fallen trees. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of reignition. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited. * * - - The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than pre- scribed above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 59 officer and in proper cases may obtain leave to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other property so surrendered to any park officer nor are park officers authorized to accept responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. 5. Bears.--Molesting or teasing the bears is prohibited. - 6. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, Seines, traps, or by the use o drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and lines, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be care- fully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained should be killed. • 1 Ten fish per person shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. In the discretion of the superintendent the limit for a day's catch may be extended to not exceeding 20 fish per day per person in well- stocked waters distant from the Grand Loop Road. .. f * 7. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in , writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Cameras.-Still and motion-picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involv- ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. * 9. Gambling.—Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 10. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park Superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public.’ :#. . ." r 11. Mining.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. . . . ... v. ſ - 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. i - 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations hold- ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con- dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and man- agement of the park. . . & !. . . All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and the number corresponding there with, or the identifi- cation mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. 14. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats are not permitted in the park, except that, by special authority of the superintendent, they may be transported through the park provided they are kept under-leash, or in a crate, while within the confines of the park. i ... " ... 15. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. Travel-(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehi- cles of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road on side- hill grades when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals. . • , , - (c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. i (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. . ." , • * * - - t .17. Miscellaneous—(a) Campers and all others, save those hold- ing licenses from the Director of the National Park Service, are pro- hibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. * , • 2 YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARK - 61 (b) No pack-train or saddle-horse party will be allowed, in the park unless in charge of a licensed guide. All guides shall pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the super- intendent of the park covering the applicant's knowledge of the park and fitness for the position of licensed guide. At the discretion of the superintendent, licensed guides may be permitted to carry un- sealed firearms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. . . . . . . - 18. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox- ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter described for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super- intendent of the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all the costs of the proceedings. . . . . 19. Lost and found articles.—Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. . AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR-cycle REGULATIONS Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238); and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), the following regulations covering the admission of automo- biles and motor cycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: * 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone en- trance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The superintendent may in his discretion keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. ‘. . •. - - 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either 84546°–28—5 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting; however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra- vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty of its violation. . . . . . . . . . " . . . " ; , . " Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motorcycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, as far as they are applicable. . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Motor trucks.-Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the weight limitations and entrance fees preseribed by the Director of the National Park Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations' and entrance fees for motor trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. . . . . .e. ' ' , , & ... • • . 5. Permits.-The permits shall be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters, and will entitle the permittee to operate the particular automobile indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue, but is not transferable to any other vehicle than that to which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. Each permit shall be exhibited to the park ranger for verification on-exit from the park. Duplicate permits will not be issued in lieu of original permits lost or mislaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Fees, -Fees for automobile and motor cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively, and are payable in cash and by traveler's check. 7. Direction.—Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “ loop º' in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the automobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. - . - f : Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N.J.), any time of day or night except the periods 9 a.m. to 11.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. to 4.30 p.m. - . r | - . . . Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W. E.), any time, day or night. . . . . . . . . Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junction (L. J.), any time, day or night. - . . . . * , Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. (but not to Canyon Junction—C. J.). Distance, 20.2 miles. . . . . . . . . . . ; , , . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 63 Canyon Junction. (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) direct, any time, day or night. , , , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- trance (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. + - . . . . . . . . . . : Summit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junc- tion of Dunraven Pass road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), after 3 p. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. * . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Distance apart, gears, and brakes.—Automobiles while in mo- tion shall not be less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except, while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. . . . 9. Speeds.-Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 25 miles per hour. - The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 15 miles per hour on all park roads. . . . . . 10. Horns.—The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. . . . 11. Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the roads. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. - 12. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while ap- proaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, or Camps. - 3 - . . . . . . 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or, pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. £34 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no ease shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. * * . . . ... - 14. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specified for the park highways. " " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascendigg machine has right of way, and the descending machine ‘shall be backed or otherwise handled, as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. . . . . 15. Accidents; stop-overs—Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, shall be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road." . . . . ; Any driver of a gasoline-driven vehicle who meets with an acci- dent shall report same at the nearest ranger station, or to the superintendent of the park." ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " " . . . . . 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not exceeding 6 months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings—or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park or by any com- bination of these penalties. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanc- tion in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park, . . . . . . - " * , ! 17. These regulations do not apply to motor traffie on the county road in the northwest corner of the park. . . . . . . . . . 18. Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camp grownds.- Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge Camp Grounds, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. Repair shops and garages are maintained at all these points except West Thumb: Prices of sup- plies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camp grounds for motorists are main- tained at points indicated on the automobile guide map and by “Good Camp’ signs. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 65 19, Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced. A leaner mixture of gasoline and air is required, but on account of reduced engine power about 50 per cent more gasoline will be used per mile than is required at lower alti- tudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. '' . . . . . MAPS Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. . . . . . . . . . ‘t Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” . . § - - - . The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. . • k - The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet, scale 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets, scale 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. .. - Area South of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. : Price, 10 cents each. - , “ - LiTERATURE Government PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. ". LITERATURE ON YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK service The following publications may be obtained free on written appli. cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal * May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park, at Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders. 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL #ARK application to the Government Information Office at Mammoth or the office of the superintendent of the park: ' ' ' ' ' ' - '' . . . . Motorists Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park enly. - shows the park road system, hotels, Hodges, free public auto; camp grounds, garages, superintendent's office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the auto- mobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. - - - Map of National Parks and Monuments. - - - - - - Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to the reservations. * * Manual for Railroad Tourists. . . . . . . . . . “ . . Contains time-tables of all park tours. Distributed in park only. * … Glimpses of our National Parks. 62 pages, including 23 illustrations. w Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks., , # ‘, , ; ; ; ; . . . A'. ... t ! . . . . . . . . . . . . * f . . . . . i '…' , . . " .a. 1. w soid by THE superiNTENDENT or pocumes.rs The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash: ‘. . - National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. ‘Bound securely in cloth,'51.1° “ . . . . . . ' ' - * - contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter - ..., devoted to other national parks and monuments. ‘. . . . . . . . . - Canyon Automobile, Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. k . . . * Illustrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point of * - wiew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . - . . . . . . - Reprint No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. . . . Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” , - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This pamphlet contains a general résumé, of the geologic forces that active in the Yellowstone National Park.' ' . . . . Geysers of Yellowstone National Park, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” . . . . . . ; 3 . In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . . v . - * * Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the, Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. . . . Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904). 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” ; - . . . • . " - - Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. * : *. r & have been ... ." * May be purchased by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park at.Mammoth Hot Springs, but that office can not fill mail orders, . z’ YELLowstone-NATIONAL PARK 67. . . . . . . . . . . . . BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . ~~~~ ALLEN, E. F. A guide to the National Parks of America, 1915. 286 pages. ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. - A biography. Price, $10. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. f -- Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. . . . . . . . . . BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. - BARTH, THEoDoR. Amerikanisch Eindruck. 1907. 117 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 62–67. - , BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. - - BURRoughs, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt... 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. . . . . . . - . . . . . . . CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park, 1923. 173 pp., illustrated. . . . . . . . . . . . '; . . CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. 350 pp., illustrated, revised. Price $3. Published by J. E. Haynes. CRoNAU, RUDoIF. Im wilden Westen, 1890. 383 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 163–185; Yosemite on pp. 259-275. . . . . - DUMBELL, K. E. M. California and the Far West, 1914, 198 pages. . . . . Yellowstone on pp. 83–90. s . DUNRAVEN, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874, 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. - A good description of the park in its early days. Evarts, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. - Relates to wild life of the park. - . . . The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York. ... r - º - FINCK, H. T. Pacific coast scenic tour. 1890. 309. pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 279-293. - - - - FoRDYor, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922, 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - - - Fount'AIN, PAUL. The eleven eaglets of the West. London, 1906. 362 pp. An account of travels in 11 Western States and Territories. Yellowstone Park on pp. 173–195. . FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone, 1922, 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. GUNNIson, ALMon. Rambles overland. 1884. 245 pp Yellowstone on pp. 27—82. l - - HALLAHAN, D. F. Tourists in the Northwest, 1914. 151 pages. Yellowstone on pp. 42–86. HARRIson, CARTER H. A summer's outing and the old man's story. 1891. 297 pp., illustrated. - • . . - l - Yellowstone on pp. 15–81. - HAwkINs, P. H. The trees and shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by The Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth $0.75, paper $0.50, post paid. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published : an- nually, 200 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents. - 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HENRIKsson, FBITz. Med Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. . . . - - - Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. tº s - * : . . . - HERBERTson, F. D. and A. J. Descriptive geography from original sources: North America. 1901. 252 pp. . • * - º . - Yellowstone on pp. 171–180. j s - HEsse-WARTEGG, EENEST won." Nord-Amerika: Seine Städte und Naturwunder. 3 vols. 1880. - Yellowstone in vol. 2, pp. 228–242... . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . HIRschBERG, JULIUS. Von New York nach San Francisco; Tagebuchblatter. 1888. 276 pp. * * . * * * ... r. : " ' Yellowstone on pp. 77–111. 4 * - . . . Holmes, BUETow. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Maki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp.5–112. . . . . . - f , , , , - % | . ...' f : Hough, EMERSON. Maw's vacation—a human being in the Yellowstone. 1924. Second ed., 62 pp. octavo, illustrated., Price 75 cents. . . . JEFFERS, LE Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated... Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. , . . i . . ; - * * - Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 # Johnson, CLIFTON. . Highways, and byways of the , Rocky Mountains. - 1910. 279 pp., illustrated. . . . . . . . . . . . s - Yellowstone on pp. 215–232. ' # * . . . . * - - * t § . . . . . " d . . . . . . ;- - - : - - - - - - . . . - KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Grumbrecht. . . . . . º Yellowstone on pp.'189–202. • { . . . . . . . KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. . . * * - - Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. . . . . . - t - . KüNTZEMULLER, A. Das Wunderland am Yellowstone. 1908. 40 pp. - LANGFORD, N. P. Discovery of the Yellowstone. 1923. 122 pp., illustrated. - A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. '' （ ' ' , . LECLERCQ, JULEs. La Terre des marveilles: Promenade au parc national de l'Amerique du Nord. 1886. 384 pp., illustrated.' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' LEwis, SINCLAIR. Free air. * " . - ‘‘ Story of a motor tour'across Northern States, including trip through Yellowstone Park. • ? • ? , - , . i t . - - MENDELSoHN, Isador W. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park. ' ' ' , , , , , . . - t t * * * - # * j , ºv 3 * , Published in Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925, pp. 1248–1258. Also Ypublished as Reprint No. 1019. , , , - - MILLs, ENos A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton-Mifflin CO. 1917. • * : ‘. . . . . . * , - - * : * , Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. { - ' ' , The Grizzly. 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Cô. . . . MoRRIs, Mrs. JAMEs Edwin. A Pacific coast vacation. 1901. 255 pp., illus- trated. . . . r Yellowstone on pp. 236—255. " ; , # MUIR, JoBIN. Our national parks. 1909. , 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. • : ſ - MURPHY, John. Rambles in northwestern America. 1879. 359 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 209–222. s - YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK 69 MURPHY, Thomas D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912, 180 Bp. . Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. - - f . . - olursen, O. Yellowstone National parken. 1916. 134 pp. . . . . . . . PEck, J. K. The seven wonders of the new world. 1885. 320 pp. Sellowstone on pp. 71–114. - PIERREPONT, Edward. Fifth Avenue to Alaska. 1884. 329 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 237–311. ! . . . * * * * PoRTER, T. C.’ Impressions of America. 1899. 241 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 24–98., " . . . * * . . . . . . . PRICE, Rose LAMBERT. A Summer on the Rockies. 1898. 280 pp. - * Yellowstone on pp. 166-217. # . . - … . . ... ." QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. QUINN, VERNoN. Beautiful America. 333 pp., mustrated. 'Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City: 1923. “ . . . . • ' ' ' ' ', ; , . . . . * - - - Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. * * , REIK, Lieut. Col. H. OTERIDGE. A tour of America’s National Parks, 1920. 209 : pp., illustrated. . . . . . . . . , , ; f : : . . . . . . . Yellowstone on pp. 157–209. , , - . , 3 - “ - º RICHARDSON, JAMES. Wonders of the Yellowstone. 1873. 256 pp., illustrated. Roberts, Edward. Shoshone and other western wonders. 1888. 275 pp. * Yellowstone on pp. 202–245. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RolfE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book One, 1927; 320 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. . . . . . . . . Rydberg, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York. Botanical Garden, vol. 1. - 1900. 492 pp., map. . . . . . . . ; - . . . . . SANDERS, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp., Yellowstone on pp. 650-684. . . ... ' - . . . . . SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. . . . Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. . . " - * * - SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SEssroNs, FRANCIS C. From Yellowstone Park to Alaska. 1890. 186 pp., illus- trated. . . A ‘. . . . . - . . . . . - Yellowstone on pp. 9–39. . . . . . . . : SETON, ERNEST THoMPson. Life histories of northern animals; 1909. Two quarte volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. '4 . . r - Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. • * * * . : Wild animals at home. 1913, 226 pp., 8 vol., with over 150 sketches and photographs. . . . . . . . * * t t * In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in studying wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. - *: . - The biography of a grizzly, 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. - - . . - ... } SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price $1. - 5 * * * r r * . 3. * * * * * * * * The Yellowstone Nature Book. 1924. . 229 pp.'illustrated. Price $2.50. Bears of the Yellowstone. 1925, 151 pp., illustrated. Price $2.50. The American antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price 30 cents. • { - & - - * * . . . . . . . . " The story of the Whitebar elk. 1923, Price 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. For Sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. * !. * 70 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. , 1924. 105 pp.; illustrated. -- . Published by G. P. Putnam's sons. - - - : * * - STANLEY, Edwin J. Rambles in wonderland or up the Yellowstone and among the geysers and other curiosities of the National Park., 1878. 179 pp., illus- trated. - • . . . - STEELE, DAVID M. Going Abroad Overland. 1917. Illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 102–124. • { - -- Stoddard, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10, Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park, 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. . . ... " . . . } , STRAHoRN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. , 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - - SYNGE, GEORGIANA M. A ride through Wonderland. 1892. 166 pp., illustrated. TAYLOR, CHARLES MAUs, Jr. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. 1991. .388 y pp., illustrated. . . . . . . ; : - Yellowstone on pp. 283–388. . . . . . ; • * --.5 THoNE, FRANK E. A. Trees and flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. 1923. 64 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents. . . . . . . . . . . Tiss ANDDIER, ALBERT. Six mois aux Etats Unis. 1886. 298 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 170–188. * * * . . . . . . . " * * - ToMLINson, EveRETT TITswóRTH. Four boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. . . , , ; ; , - ; : " ' ... • ‘ . UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. . . . . Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. . . . . WINTON, STALLO. John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park, 1926. An ac. count of his 1807 exploration. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. WARREN, Edward R. The Beaver. No. 2. 177 pp., illustrated. Price $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. * - The Beaver in Yellowstone Park, Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Life Annals. Syracuse University, October, 1926. , WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. . Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. . . . . & ** - WINGATE, GEORGE W. Through the Yellowstone Park on horseback, 1886. 250 pp., illustrated. - Contains notes on the fauna and flora. • * YARD, RobºBT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. . - The Book of National Parks. Scribners', 1919. 420 pp., 76 illustrations, 16 maps and diagrams. . . - • Yellowstone on pp. 202–228. other NATIONAL PARKs Rules and Regulations similar to this containing information re- garding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK 71 charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: " ' ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crater Lake National Park. . . * * Mount McKinley National Park. Glacier National Park. • * Mount Rainier National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Hawaii National Park. . . . . . . . . Sequoia and General Grant National Hot Springs National Park. + Parks. -- . . " Lafayette National Park. . . . . Wind Cave National Park. Lassen Wolcanic National Park. Yosemite National Park. Mesa Verde National Park.’ Zion National Park. NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Depart- ment of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 74 pages, including 34 illustrations. .* * *y r r w . t . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . " - - . . ; ; ; - - * . . . • * - º - - - - § { - l f : ; : . . .” ! r - t . . . . ." . . . . , ... 1 - * w ... i AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASON - OF 1928 • - All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the Government. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be made to the superintendent. Employees of the hotels, lodges, and transportation lines are not Government employees, but discourteous treatment by public-utility employees should be reported to the park administration. - - YELLOwstone PARK Hotel Co. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. - . . . . . . . . . . . . - -* The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: * * * + 2 RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK Hote:L Co. . - HOTET, RATES Four and one-half day tours : - Fourteen meals and four lodgings (in rooms without bath), Ameri- can plan, on standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transportation Co---- $29.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of Whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan operation. Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not includ- ing private bath), per day, each person 6. 50 American plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with private bath, are: - 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 persons in one room, $9 to $10, each, according to location. 3 persons in two rooms, with bath between, each, $9 to $10, accord- ing to location. 4 persons in two rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9, each, ac- cording to location. - - Parties of five or more persons, occupying three or more rooms en suite with one bath, $7.50 to $8 per person. (It is expressly understood that where connecting rooms have access to private bath, each room is to be considered as having pri- vate bath, unless one or more of the rooms are locked off from the bathroom.) 72 - * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 73 Meals or lodging (room without bath), part of a day: Lodging . . . - -*— $2.25 Breakfast - 1. 25 Tilingh - * - - - 1. 50 HDinner ~ : { - . . . . . 1. 50 Meals served in rooms, extra, each- . . . . • - . 50 (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) • * ~ \ BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave ---. . . - . . 25 Neck shave --- - - * — sº - ... 10 Hair cutting (men) - - - -----. - . 65 Women’s hair cut, boy Style - . . 75 Straight bob - t— - - - . 60 Shingle, back only-- i - *—t - * ---- . 50 All other hair cuts for women - ** = - . 75 Shampoo (men), plain - - . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) - - - . 75—1.00 Women's shampoo (long hair) -: - -—º. 1. 00–1. 50 Rinses------ - - __. 25–0.75 Head $º - - . 50 §ealp treatment . . . > 1, 00 Face massage (men) - . 50 Face message. (men), with vibrator. . 75 Standard tonic--- ; , , * : * ~ * +- : * . 25 Face massage (women) • * 1. 00–1, 50 Clay pack -- . * , . 1. 50 Manicure--- - + . 75 Women's marcel # - . . . . 2 * . . . . ----- . 75–1.00 Round curl - ----- . . . . 75 Finger wave - - - - . . -------- ------- 1. 00 Water wave ; ' ' . . 1. 00 Women's hair dressing, plain - . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1. 00–2, 00 Bath ------. - - - . 50 Shoe polish - . g . . . - . 15 GUIDEs, HoRSEs, AND special, TRIPs 1 * * J Saddle animals for riding trips of one day or less duration from all hotels (rates do not include guide Service) : * - Per full day, 8 hours --- - - - - :- $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours - 2. 50 Per hour—— - - . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours Per half day of 4 hours Per hour : 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide; are 2: available from the following hotels: * * * Canyon Hotel— i To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) $2.50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) -- ; 3.00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles) --------- --------- 3:00 To Sulphur Mountain and return, (14 miles) ------ * = - mºs ºs ºm ms --L--- 8.00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles) -------------------- 4.00 To Devil’s Ink Well and return (8 miles) - 4. 00. Old Faithful Hotel— t - To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles)-------------------- 2.50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) • - –– 3.00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles)--. ---------— 4.00 Mammoth Hotel— • -. . . . , ' , ". . . - To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles)--------:-----. . 4.00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles)----------' 4.00 ' Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 - ; miles)–: r ------- t 4. 06 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles)-------- 2, 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip). (5 miles)--- ------------- 2.00 Foot of Electric Peak and return— - - . . . . . . * . For 1 person - - ----- 8.50 - For 2 or more persons, each- ---i---- - 6.00 - NEws stands , . . . * * g { * Guide books. periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates.” * -- -. releakaws - f From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either hotels or permanent camps. - . . . . . . Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. . . # - Bell system long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also with points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. - Bell System long distance is available at the following points within the park: Mammoth Telephone Office, Mammoth Information Bureau, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Old Faithful Ranger Station, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Lake Ranger Station, Canyon. Hotel, Canyon Lodge, Canyon Ranger Station, West Yellowstone Post Office, and West Yellow- stone Ranger Station. • . Standard Bell System rates between points in the park are as follows: TELEPHONE MEssages STATIon-To-STATION DAY RATES - . Canyon to Lake ---- -- -- $0.10 Canyon to Mammoth . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful -- . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone - . 30 Lake to Canyon - ... 10 Lake to Mammoth - .. . 30 Lake to Old Faithful - . 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 75 Lake to West Yellowstone : .." . ... ', " . . ‘. . . $0.30 Mammoth to Canyon---------------- r–– ; - . . 20 Mammoth to, Lake º --------- - --------- .30 Mammoth to Old Faithful . . . . . . . . . . ; .35 Mammoth to West Yellowstone_-_ - - - .30 Old Faithful to Canyon----------------------- - . . . 25 Old Faithful to Lake--------------- - --------------- .20 Old Faithful to Mammoth--- - t - * - ! . 35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone * f ' ' , . ; • * , . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon- ----- - - .30 West Yellowstone to Lake --- - * * * ... • . 30 West Yellowstone to Mammoth - * ! . . . " - . 30 . -- West Yellowstone to Old Faithful - - - . 15 YELLOWSTONE PARK LoDCE co. " . . . . . . . " . , ; ; - - . . . . . " The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern En- trance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Liv- ingston, Mont:; thereafter. The authorized rates at the lodges are as follows: " ' . . . . . . . . . . . r , . . . RATEs of THE Yniowstone PARK Longs Co. - * * , “ . . . . ; ; H LöDGE' RATES ' ' ' ' ' . . . * * * Four and One-half day tours: , , , , , , , ; * * - Fourteen meals and four lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Trans- . - portation Co - - r—--~~r __ $20.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights’ r lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the camps company. However, guests. registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the - time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of ſ whether or not meals are actually eaten. , All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan operation. • , , - Meals and lodging, American plan : - - - - - §3 Per day - 4.50 Breakfast 1. 00 Lunch 1.00 Dinner 1.00 Lodging and breakfast - - 2, 50 Lodging only - - ---- 1. 75 Meals served in guests' sleeping tents, extra, each - . 25 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge : • , Breakfast - 1.00 Tullnah 1. 50 Dinner ^, - - 1.00 Lodging - w 4– 1.50 t (Children under 8, half of above rate; children in arms, free.) 76 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HOUSEKEEIPING TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Canvas and frame cabin occupied by one person, per day---------------- Canvas and frame cabin occupied by two or more persons, per day, per person - - . . (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or cabin, one double bedstead, one bed spring, one stove, one washstand, on table, one bench. : Double tent or cabin, two double bedsteads, two bed springs, one stove, two washstands, two tables, two benches. Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the follow- ing items: ... - - Standard-size mattress for two people, per day-------------------- Blanket, per day- - —x Two sheets, two pillows, two pillowcases, two hand towels, Set, ... per day-- . * - - Use of above set of linen, each additional day Coffeepot, frying pan, each article, per day- Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day Cup and plate, set, per day $0.75 - 50 . 25 40 - 25 . 05 05 05 In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), and West Thumb auto camps, and near the Canyon Public Automobile Camp cafeteria service is also available. At Tower Falls auto camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service. at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful auto camp grounds at reasonable prices. BARBER SHOPS, BATHs, ETC. Shave —- $0.25 Neck Shave ... 10 Hair cutting (men) . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style- . 75 Straight bob : t . 60 Shingle, back only .50 All other hair cuts for WOmen . 75 Shampoo (men), plain :-- . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) : . 75–1.00 Women’s shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1. 50 Triºses . . ---- . 25— .75 Head $º - .50 Scalp treatment 1.00 Face massage (men) 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator .75 Standard tonic 25 Face massage (women) 1. 00–1. 50 Clay pack - - - - - ... • 1.50 Manicure .75 Women’s marcel .75–1, 00 Round curl .75 Finger wave 1. 00 Water Wave 1.00 Women's hair dressing, plain .50 Women's hair dressing, fancy - - 1. 00–2, 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 77 Bath $0.50 Swimming pool: Admission, suit, and towel .50 Shoe polish - .15 GUIDEs, HoRSEs, AND CONVEYANCES Saddle animals for riding trips of one day or less duration from lodges (1:ates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours - 2. 50 Per hour - .75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours 5. 00 Per half day of 4 hours 3. 00 Per hour 1. 00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges: Canyon Lodge— . To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles) ------------------- 3.00 To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles) 3. 00 To Elk Park and return (9 miles) 2. 00 To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) 2. 50 Mammoth LOdge— To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ––––––––––––– 4. 00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) ------____ 4.00 To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles) -------------- 4.00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) 4. 00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) ------- 2. 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) 2, 00 TO foot of Electric Peak and return— For one person 8. 50 For two or more perSons, each 6. 00 Old Faithful Lodge— To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) - 3. 00 To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) 2, 50 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) 4. 00 Roosevelt Lodge— To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) 3.00 To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles) 5. 00 To Tower Falls and return (4 miles) 1, 50 To Lost Lake and return (4 miles) 3.00 Fishing trips from all lodges: All day, 8 hours 5. 00 Three-fourths day, 6 hours —y 4. 00 One-half, day, 4 hours 3.00 All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. ' These rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. - 845.46°–28—6 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE & Cost per day per person 1 person - - $27, 00 2 persons - 17. OO 3 persons 14.00 4 persons 13. 00 5 persons . 12.00 6 persons 11, 00 7 persons or more 10. 00 - FISHING TACECLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net: First day $0.50 Each additional day - . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMs - From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodges. *. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. TELEPHONE MESSAGES ( see Bell System long-distance telephone rates, p. 74.) ACCOMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON . Meals and lodgings can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Lake stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gasoline and groceries may be procured at approved I’ICeS. p * PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in Summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any Season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and camps for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted enlargements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guide books; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. SCHEDULE OF RATES OF THE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPHER Haynes Guide Book, current edition (enlarged) ------------------ $0.75 Enlargements, plain, to order, 5 by 7 to 40 by 60---_______________ 50–25. 00 Enlargements, hand painted, to order, 5 by 7 to 40 by 60--_________ 1. 90–50. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 79 Lantern sides, hand painted, each $1.25; set of 100---------------- $100.00 Colorgraphs, set of 12 views in red portfolio 1. 50 Souvenir folders, series “A” and “B,” each 15 cents; 2 for-------- . 25 Souvenir playing cards, De Luxe deck, 53 park Views.-------------- 1. 25 Souvenir post cards, colored, 100 kinds, 3 for 5 cents; set of 50–––––– .50 Stock photographs, plain, unmounted, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21---------- ... 10–3. 50 Stock photographs, hand painted, 7% by 9% to 16 by 21––––––––––– 2. 50–7. 50 Transparencies, hand painted, framed, boxed, 12 by 17, $16; 7 by 10– 8. 50 Gems of the Yellowstone, 24 scenes . 25 Photo miniatures, several Series, 12 for - * = -s. . 25 Services, mending cameras, etc., per hour 1. 00 Developing: - 6 and 8 exposure roll films— - 1% by 2 to 2% by 4% . 20 344 by 4% to 5 by 7 . 25— .45 10 and 12 exposure roll films— 2% by 4%. . 35 3% by 4% to 4 by 5 . 40— .45 12-exposure film packs and plates, 1% by 2% to 5 by 7––––––––– . 3.5— . 75 Prints, plain from film, or glass negatives: 1% by 1% to 15% by 2% - . 05 2% by 4% . 07 2% by 4% to 3% by 414 - 08 3% by 5% - - . 09 4 by 5 ... 10 4% by 6% to 11 by 14 . 15—1.00 NOTE.-Albums, books, cameras, films, frames, games, maps, motion pictures, paintings, photogravures, sand souvenirs, supplies, etc., at current prices. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and Soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch room and delicatessen. - At Old Faithful, Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates a general store, with store and delicatessen located in public auto camp for campers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the canyon district. At Tower Falls a general store is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to complete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, films, photographs, post cards, tobacco, and smokers’ supplies, etc. In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, and smokers’ supplies, etc., are also available. 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE All store and news stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve auto campers, weather permitting. Be- fore and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Paithful and Lake stores. TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11 passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the tourist season, regardless of weather or volume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and outgoing trains at the various park gateways. - The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. RATES OF YELLOWSTONE PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. PARK TOUR From any entrance, full park tour, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance $25.00 On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, - each passenger, extra 2. 00 On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G–C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G–W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra 5. 00 On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- able at Canyon, each passenger, extra - - From Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region ' ' (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra - 12. 50 5. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 81 SIDE TRIPS From Mammoth : - Terraces and Buffalo Corral Gardiner and return - - Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls____________ Roosevelt. Lodge (Tower Falls Junction)— One way Round trip From Old Faithful : Hurry trips to geysers Black Sand Basin LOne Star Geyser Jackson Lake and Teton Mountains and return to Yellowstone Lake, for holders of regular park transportation tickets, each passenger- From Canyon : - - - Top of Mount Washburn and return Either Side of Canyon From Roosevelt Lodge (minimum 5 fares) : Soda Butte and return - Cooke City and return LOCAL FARES (On busses operating on regular schedule) Gardiner to: • Mammoth Norris West Yellowstone. Old Faithful Canyon (via Norris) West Yellowstone to : Old Faithful Mammoth Gardiner Old Faithful to : West Yellowstone Thumb Lake Canyon (via Lake, overnight stop at Lake) NoTE.—Passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day to Canyon, provided accommodations are available at Canyon, each passenger, extra, $5. Lake to : - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Cody Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Canyon Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) -- Cody to : Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Lake Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) Canyon 2. 50 3. 50 7. OO 1. 00 1.00 1, 50 12, 50 4.00 1. 00 5. O0 14.00 . 75 4. 75. 10. 25 10. 25 6.75 6.00 9. 50 10. 25 6. O0 4. O0 7.00 10.00 6. 00 10. 00 12. 50 22. 50 11. 00 6. 50 12. 50 22. 50 15, 50 82 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Mammoth to : Gardiner $0.75 Norris 4. 00 West Yellowstone . 9. 50 Old Faithful 10.00 Canyon (via Norris) 6. 00 Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to : Cody 6. 50 Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) 12. 50 Lake 6. 00 Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) 10. 00 Canyon - 9. ()0 Mammoth 17. 50 Canyon to : Lake 00 Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge 00 Cody 15. 50 West Yellowstone (via Norris) Tower Falls - Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Mammoth (via Norris) Gardiner (via Roosevelt Lodge) Gardiner (via Norris) Roosevelt Lodge to : {} () Mammoth - 3. 50 - Gardiner - 4, 25 Moran, Wyo., to : •-. - - Yellowstone Lake 10, 00 Canyon - 13. 00 Old Faithful (via Thumb, Lake, and Thumb) 10. 50 West Yellowstone (via Lake, Canyon, and Norris) -------__________ 21, 25 Gardiner (via Lake, Canyon, Roosevelt Lodge, and Mammoth) ------ 21. 75 Cody (via Thumb and Lake) - 22. 25 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to : West Yellowstone, one way 10, 00 Round trip 17. 50 RATES FOR CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips Scheduled above. BAGGAGE---TRUNI (S Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk $1.00 Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. SPECIAL ARUTOMOBILE SERVICE Special touring cars for complete park tours (minimum 5 fares), at $25 plus $25 per day, from the time car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateway, railway terminal, or station in the park. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK * 83 Six-passenger touring ears for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour - $6.00 Storage, per day . 50 GASOLINE, OTL, ETC. Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates a speed boat, power boats, and row- boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. No power boats are per- mitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. • - RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT Co. ^ SPEED BOAT - - - Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger____ $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares) ---------- 3.00 Half-hour trips, per p º 1.00 POWER BOATS Excursions to southeast arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $40) 2.00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: . Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle) * 20. OO Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle 3. 50 - *OWBOATS Per day, 8 hours 2. 50 Per hour——, . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock, near Lake Hotel, and from general store, near dock at West Thumb. ROWBOATS EQUIPPED WITH MOTORS Per day, 8 hours - - 10.00 Per hour 2. 50 Boat rental and services of motor boat and attendants' time commence at time of leaving the dock until return ; or if boat is engaged in advance, charges start from time for which boat is engaged. • FISIBIING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day--------------- $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BATHHOUSE, UPPER GEYSER BASIN (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) Bath in large pool, including use of bathing suit $0.50 Bath in private pool, one person, with or without bathing suits-------- 1.00 Two or more persons using same private pool, charge for second and each additional person, with or without bathing suit---------------- . 50 Tub bath . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5, no charge) ---------------- . 25 Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by scoutmaster - . 25 Stockings, each pair . 25 Caps or hats . 25 Use of inflated floats . 25 PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The dude ranch is a Wyoming institution that is very rapidly increasing in popularity as a tourist resort. It offers unique oppor- tunities for healthful outdoor recreation. There are several excellent dude ranches near Yellowstone Park from which horseback camp- ing trips are made over the trail system of the park in charge of licensed park guides. - - - The names and addresses of these dude ranches and their rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters and their tourist rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. • O Haynes Photograph, St. Paul. Fountain Geyser LOWER GEY SER BAS|N - *-ºſ- - º . º - ºf - - Photographs by Col. C. H. Birdseye, U. S. Geological Survey. Terrace Falls Union Falls |N THE FALLS R | VER SECTION Photograph by J. E. Haynes, St. Paul. OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 70 UNITED STATES Lu (2 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HORACE. M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING (C) Haynes THE NEW 1928 GEYSER Season from June 20 to September 19 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRIn Tin G OFFICE: 1929 INFORMATION OFFICE AND PARK MUSEUM AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS OLD STAGE COACH IN FRONT CAMPING IN MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOMOBILE CAMP As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the tourist SeaSOIl #. ‘Y 6 wr-yz7 The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this information circular and contains more illustrations and fuller historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. co NT ENTs General description------------------------------------------------ The geysers--------------------------------------------------- Other hot-Water phenomena------------------------------------ Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone------------------------------- Trout fishing--------------------------- ---------------------- The Grand Teton National Park-------------------------------- The Red Canyon of the Shoshone------------------------------- The trail system---------------------------------------------- Administration of the park-------------------------------— — — — — — — — — — Protection of the park----------------------------------------- The Guide, Lecture and Museum Service------------------------- The rules and regulations------------------------ -------------- The tourist season------------------------------------------------- Railroad information---------------------------------------------- Detailed travel information------------------------------------- Transportation and accommodations------------------ — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Telegrams-------------------------------------------------------- Post office--------------- ----------------------------------------- Automobile highway information------------------------------------ - Automobiles in the park-------------------------------------------- Free camp grounds-------------------------------------------- Gasoline, oil, etc.----------------- ------------------- ----------- The park mile-post system----------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park tour, principal points of interest.--------------------- tº Gardiner, northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.)---------------------------------------------------- The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------- Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs----------------------- - Mountain climbing------------------------------------ Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.)--________ Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)---------------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.)--------------- Norris Geyser Basin------- ---------- ---------------------- Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon----------------- P 8. g e II COINTENTS Yellowstone Park tour, principal points of interest—Continued. Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.) ----------------- Lower Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Midway Geyser Basin-------------------------------------- Upper Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Trails and Side Trips from Old Faithful---------------------- Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.)-- The West Thumb (W. T.) --------------------------------- West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.) ------------------- Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge-------------------------------- Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge----------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.)-------------------------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.).----------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.)----------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) --------------- Grand Canyon------------------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) ----------- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)------------------------------- Side trips from Tower Falls Junction and Roosevelt Lodge----- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) ----- West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------------------------------------- Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.) --- Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.)--------------------------------------------- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke City, Mont------------------------------------------ Bozeman, Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance (W. E.)---------- ------------------------------------------ Yellowstone Park trails-------------------------------------------- Howard Eaton Trail------------------------ ------------------ Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances---- Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs--------------------------- Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles---- Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone--------------------- Norris Geyser Basin------------------------------------------- Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin).------------ Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin) - - - - - ------------ Fishing in the Yellowstone Park------------------------------------ Wild animals----------------------------------------------------- Rules and regulations: General regulations------------------------------------------- Automobile and motor-cycle regulations------------------------- Literature: Government publications-------------------------------------- Literature on Yellowstone National Park-- - - -------------------- Distributed free by the National Park Service- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sold by the Superintendent of Documents - - - - - -------------- References--------------------------------------------------- Other national parks------------------------------------------ National monuments------------------------------------------ Page 29 . 31 33 to &D 36 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 45 45 46 47 47 50 51 52 53 54 56 57 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 64 68 69 69 69 69 70 73 73 CONTENTS III Page Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1929-------------------- 74 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co------------------------------------ 74 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co------- - 77 Accommodations before and after season.------------------------- SO Photographs of the park--------------------------------------- 80 Stores and news stands---------------------------------------- 81 Transportation in the park------------------------------------ 82 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake------------------------------- 85 Bathhouse, Upper Geyser Basin -------------------------------- 86 Personally conducted camping parties--------------------------- 87 Dude (tourist) ranches------------------------------------- 87 Camping parties with licensed guides------------------------ 88 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS COWER New 1928 geyser------------------------------------------- Outside front Information office and park museum at Mammoth Hot Springs---- Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp ----------- Inside front Fountain Geyser--------------------------------------------- Inside back Falls in Falls River Section-- - - - ------------------------------ Inside back Old Faithful Geyser---------------- - Back TEXT Page Ideal section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests-------------------------------------- 6 Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National Park and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson Map showing railroad routes to Yellowstone, Glacier, Grand Teton, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, Bryce Canyon, and Wind Cave National Parks--------------------------------------------------------- 13 Map showing automobile routes between Yellowstone, Glacier, Grand Teton, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, Bryce Canyon, and Wind Cave National Parks-------------------------------------------- 17 Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs------------------------------- 23 Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin- - - - ----------------------------- 28 Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin--------------------------------- 32 Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin --------------------------------- 35 Map of Yellowstone Park------------------------------------------ 42 Sketch map of Grand Canyon------------------------ * - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 21; total area, 12,113. square miles] National parks in order of creation Location Area in square miles Distinctive characteristics Hot Springs.-------- 1832 Yellowstone.-------- 1872 Sequoia------------ 1890 Middle Arkansas----- Northwestern Wyo- IIlling. Middle eastern Cali- ornia. do Yosemite 1890 1, 126 General Grant 1890 Mount Rainier----- 1899 Rocky Mountain--- , 1915 Hawaii do West central Wash- ington. Southwestern Oregon - Southern Oklahoma--- South Dakota.-------- North Dakota.--------- - Southwestern Colo- al - Northwestern Mon- tana. North middle Colo- rado. - EIawaii 1916 Lassen Volcanic---- 1916 Mount McKinley –- 1917 Northern California--- South Gentral Alaska-- North central Arizona- Maine coast----------- - Southwestern Utah. -- Northwestern Wyo- ming. 1% 3,426 604 22 150 46 hot Springs said to possess healing properties— Many hotels and boarding houses—19 bath- houses under Government supervision. More geysers than in all rest of world together— Boiling springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified for- ests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- markable for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes— Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, one of the greatest wild bird and ani- mal preserves in world—Exceptional trout fishing. The Big Tree National Park—Scores of sequoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter; thousands over 10 feet in diameter—The General Sherman Tree is 37.3 feet in diameter and 273.9 feet high—Tow- ering mountain ranges, including Mount Whitney, the highest mountain in continental |United States—Startling precipices—Deep can- yODS. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of big trees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 40.3 feet in diameter—6&niles from Sequoia National Park. Largest accessible single peak glacier system—28 glaciers, some of large size–48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful sub- alpine wild-flower fields. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. Sulphur and Other Springs possessing medicinal value. Cavern having many miles of galleries and numerous chambers containing peculiar forma- Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is a wild-animal preserve. Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- sands of feet high—Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. Three volcanic areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa, active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii; Hale- akala, a huge extinct volcano on the island of Maui Only active volcano in United States proper— Lassen Peak 10,460 feet—Cinder Cone 6,907 feet—Hot Springs—Mud Geysers. Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. The greatest example of eroison and the most sublime spectacle in the world. The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island, and also bold point on opposite mainland across Frenchmans Bay. Formerly called the Lafayette National Park. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and scenic interest. Box canyon filled with countless array of fantasti- cally eroded pinnacles. Best exhibit of vivid coloring of earth’s materials. Includes spectacular Teton Mountains, a granite uplift of unusual grandeur. IV YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It is 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, giving an area of 3,348 square miles, or 2,142,720 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our National Parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in this world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. - The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. - Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain is made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geo- logical speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's Summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the con- formation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is sug- gestive even to the unscientific eye. * Of the park, area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 245 square miles within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles within the State of Idaho. 1 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are six geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser’s crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. At last the water in the bottom reaches so great an expansion under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down so it bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the super-heated water below, which instantly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to diffi- culties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water and a Bunsen burner. Geyser models may be seen at the Old Faithful and Mammoth Museums. These geysers, when in action, play at short regular intervals. The water is heated electri- cally in a metal tube and finds its way to the surface through a wind- ing tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 3 OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water pours over the edges of these carved basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them with hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. - The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well- marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appear vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are often beauti- fully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon,” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out the most glorious kaleidoscope of color you will ever see in nature. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky promi- nences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. - DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - • - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK . 5 few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests of Yellowstone Park may be found over exten- sive areas in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an approach to Amethyst Mountain. One traversing the valley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level, but occur at Irregular heights; in fact, a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose. a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest grew and was entombed by volcanic ash there was a time without volcanic outburst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and preserved, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less regular alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years and no geologist would dare to predict that within a few thousand years the forests of the Yellowstone will not again be buried by volcanic ash, on the top of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. . There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and near the eastern border of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. In and near the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, be- tween the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, said to cover more than 35,000 acres and to contain many wonderful upright trunks, has been recently discovered. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. - GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most suc- cessful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,426 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 302 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE º G ==-Lº zºº, ºf ſº º ºšº-e-º łº, # º º ſº - rºš *:::::$º º S- ----e- *-º- - -a-- == º: Mºs głºś. :…:rº-ºº-ºº: § § §§§ º º º º º: - *. gº º É s 3ºſºsº §: ; i; §§ § º º º º § § ºkº º º §: É & Jºº º & 㺠- º § º-ºrº £º § §§ §§ ... ſº t :######fff; - - =~ *:::::2 *::::::=== s:-- s º: =#EE:#E 8 §º º º: §§ Fº § § ſº º ####### §§ºšāś £º 'º-ºº: º Jºãº Xº R- F:FE: ſº - ---------> - E ==Rºß - E::::::=E-B->=======E=-e- - Cº-º: ==|lºſs; ºf: - - - - - --> <-- ſº *~~ e-º-'gº---- E----- cº &=== - º ºščğāºrº à - - E--->====::FE-E-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: Bºzº º ºfºº #:#E=:::::::::::::::::::::: *Eº -. ɺf iºni. 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To be sure they are not always seen by the people in the automobile busses which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant re- treats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. - BEARS Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks’ experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to molest, touch, or tease the bears. - The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the same species—the blonds and brunettes of the same family, so to speak—are playful, comparatively fearless, sometimes even friendly. They are greedy fellows, and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Visitors must not feed, bears as this has resulted in the past in many injuries, some of which have been severe. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a large and increasing herd of bison. ** It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white Swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TROUT FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain great size. Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. 8 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. De- tailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 59. THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The criticism often has been made by persons who have visited granite regions that the Yellowstone region lacks the Supreme grandeur of some others of our national parks, and it was planned to add the magnificent Teton Mountains just south of the Southern boundary to the park. These mountains begin at the foot of the Pitchstone Plateau, a mile or two below the southern gateway, and extend south and west. They border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. Now, however, they have been included in the new Grand Teton National Park created February 26, 1929. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordi- nary, massing of mountain spires in America. It leaps more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stu- pendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoul- ders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of contribut- ing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beauti- ful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK These amazing moun- tains are, from their na- ; # ture, a component part of the Yellow st on e National Park, whose gamut of majestic scen- ery they complete, and no doubt would have been included within its original boundaries had their supreme magnifi- cence been then appre- ciated. Already Yellow- stone visit or s h a ve claimed them, and auto- mobile stages run to Moran and back on reg- ular schedule. § - THE RED CANY ON OF THE SHOSHONE Jackson Hole is not the only spectacle of magnificence intimately associated with Yellow- stone but lying without its borders. Eastward through picturesque Syl- van Pass, well across the park boundary, the road passes through a red- walled canyon so vividly colored and so remark- ably carved by the frosts and the rains of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly up on memory. It is no won- z der that a hundred cu- #3 rious names have been # fastened upon these fan- zº tastic rock shapes silhou- E. etted against the sky. gå And miles farther on, #" where the united forks of the Shoshone won a ; É ; t i # § | -- N N - : sº | : Cl. % | Y } §§ N | W EGIAIC TV LN3N1 in Oo | º 10 YELLOWSTONE N ATIONAL PARK precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational runs of the West. THE TRAIL SYSTEM The motorization of Yellowstone National Park, which is now complete, by reducing greatly the time formerly required to travel from scenic spot to scenic spot, permits the tourist to spend a far greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sight- seeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping-out equipment. The day of the new Yel- lowstone, of Yellowstone the vacation land, has dawned. To fill these new needs the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before starting, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 53 to 55 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that oper- ate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 11 general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All complaints and suggestions regarding service in the park should be addressed to the Superintendent. PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless tourists. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger Service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Dasin, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given evenings, and the service is ren- dered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. - The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in a building near the superintendent's office at Mammoth and at the Old Faithful Museum. This is a free service for all tourists. Circulars of general information regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellow- stone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on Geysers, Geological History, Fossil Forests, and Fishes of the Yellowstone are on sale at nominal charges, and also topographical maps of this park. A small museum of the natural history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau at Mammoth. A branch museum devoted largely to geyser activity and its products is situated at Old Faithful between the inn and the auto camp. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 60–88, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum, 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK THE TOURIST SEASON The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 admittance is granted only to those tourists who come equipped to camp out along the roads or trails. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also at Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway, and the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific System reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont.; and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 54 miles, and the Chicago & North Western Railroad has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 178.7 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily automobile service. During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these five gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other four. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde. Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations will find stop- over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Poca- tello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets, or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round-trip tickets. . Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sightseeing ” tour of the park of about five days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK | 13° IO9" los erpi *Fºsey tº ſGLACER"NAFTArrar-i-rºr-- 4–2 - —--— +- e = * * Rexford ER NATIONAL PARK - * Beltonº Glaci GREAT oHayre h º, Noº, º acier Wo - ! G - Marion o PKalispel Park ‘Malta &n - - Samishq- Bainville A verENtº O ºt. MoR. ºx. - & 4, - º C ŠRN M DCGreat Falls | N. D. - Nº O l T A. N A £ºendive "Mi Sºulašs fºc, Moccasiº Pºlewistown <º-Cº ſerry Nor TFAC º ”S$$$.c HELENA *2. p o CarrisoSº O ſ o - t tº . É) s 2-4-6 Nº sº tº .59 Miles City §1. 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VE +: d ºfhistle Watson Granby # DEN O wn 99. ... - §: | | c.o.º. oºº P *. j A o H Mackbº co º Leadville 2 imon & º - c º §§ Grand Junc. Colorado T“L M - | ath won $2 5 c b$*—º Sprgs § Q | *Marysvale Montrose Mears Juncº Pueblo MO Hºng C º gºv La Junt º NA‘ru sºon § *Tºgges Nw EEP : Walsenburg Nºjº/*BRYºganº ºſº Alamosa *Sºrrinidad Č% PARKU NATIONAL PARK L. f* #š. VERD $. Antonito - —37 37 ##º * RAINBow BRIDGE = ucca Höfss. NATIONAL PARK *—E.; J.T. MTN & PtFE spririć's § NAT-L MoM = - ºr sº-º-º-º: * * - 'l-. ſ NAT L. MON sa-Y to GRAND CANYon marl Paſſº) NAT’L fºr Aztec Ruis Rºr L Hon. RAT-L MON iſ 3° tog” HO5° ºrw SCALE OF MILES O 100 200 300 Zºo E. IEL - iOO 50 RAILROAD ROUTES To YELLOWSTONE, GLACIER, GRAND TETON, R00KY MOUNTAIN, MESA VERDE, ZION, BBYCE CANYON, AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho 38173°–29—2 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers enter the park, i. e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. DETAILED TRAVEL INFORMATION For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. TRANSPORTATION ANE) ACCOMMODATIONS There are four hotels, five lodges, and an automobile transporta- tion line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 64 to 68, inclusive. - / - . For authorized rates of the public utilities see last pages of this book, The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for pas- sengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. - - Liability of transportation company for loss of baggage in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along- Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. - Tourists desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont. - General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, West Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge (the outlet of Yellow- stone Lake), the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. Photo finishing plants are operated at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.). - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 15 TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of un- delivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. POST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Park Headquarters—Mammoth Hot Springs. Rail- road tourists are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depending upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mam- moth Hotel and Mammoth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mammoth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before hav- ing mail forwarded to them. - In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal sta- tions in the park at Old Faithful, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to Septem- ber 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION The Yellowstone National Park may be reached by motorists over good connecting automobile roads from a number of the main trans- continental automobile highways. Gardiner, the northern entrance to the park, is reached from Livingston, Mont., on both the National Parks Highway and the Yellowstone Trail, which traverse Montana by approximately the same route. A map and information concern- ing the National Parks Highway can be obtained from the National Parks Highway Association, Spokane, Wash. Information concern- ing the Yellowstone Trail can be obtained from the Yellowstone Trail Association, Minneapolis, Minn. The Cody or eastern entrance may be reached from the National Parks Highway or Yellowstone Trail by turning 'south from Bill- 16 - .YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE ings, Mont., and following the main traveled highway via Laurel, Bridger, and Powell to Cody, Wyo. - - - West Yellowstone at the western entrance can be reached from the above main highways from Bozeman, Mont., traveling up the Galla- tin Valley, and from Missoula or Butte, Mont., via the Ruby Valley or the valley of the Madison River. Inquiry should be made at the various cities concerning road conditions. The Lincoln Highway traverses southern Wyoming, and motorists traveling this route may reach Yellowstone Park by the eastern or Cody entrance by turning north at Cheyenne and following the Yel- lowstone Highway via Casper, Thermopolis, and Cody, or they may reach West Yellowstone, the western entrance, by turning north at Salt Lake City and following the main traveled road through Idaho via Ogden, Utah, and Pocatello and Idaho Falls. The southern or Snake River entrance is reached from this Idaho highway by turning east at Sugar City, crossing the Teton Basin, thence crossing the Teton Mountains via the Teton Pass into the Jackson Hole country. . This trip affords wonderful views of the Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Lake. The southern entrance may also be reached from the Lincoln Highway via Lander, Dubois, Togwotee Pass, and Moran, leaving the Lincoln Highway at Rawlins, Wyo. The Atlantic- Yellowstone-Pacific Highway also enters the park by way of Lander after crossing Wyoming from the Black Hills. For information concerning this highway write to the secretary, Chamber of Com- merce, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. - - Yellowstone Park is also reached through the Cody or eastern entrance by the Custer Battlefield Hiway which traverses the Black Hills and gives direct access to the Custer State Park of South Dakota, the Wind Cave National Park, and the Devils Tower Na- tional Monument; it also crosses the Big Horn Mountains. The Custer Battlefield Hiway also leads to Glacier Park, and by taking the main highways west from Billings, Mont., travelers on this route may reach the north gateway of the Yellowstone. Address W. D. Fisher, secretary, Custer Battlefield Hiway, Mitchell, S. Dak., for information relative to this highway. - - From Glacier National Park tourists may reach Yellowstone by following any one of the following routes: . The Geysers-to-Glaciers Trail via Choteau, Wolf Creek Canyon, Helena, Three Forks, Bozeman, and West Yellowstone. The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line via Choteau, Great Falls, White Sulphur Springs, and Livingston. - The Flathead Valley Route via Kalispell, Missoula, Butte, Boze- man, and Livingston, or by turning off at Butte or Bozeman, routes YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK &arway A Ps * * = <= ~ * = − = = * = - - * - - º 2N () con jini, - tºween ier C Saco, Stanley Park Shelby Havre C - Bainville ſº ATIONAL t O C Q2 arºe. ºGhoteau. swego Natu. Mon *N T}. »º Grassrange - zºº. º ãºf sº £Yo Q ºf N T A HELENA #. :LEwis - , S \} gº" i" T-> Gibbonsville ºf . # , º s" /Whitehal Tee Forks > Bozemano-A Gallatin Gateway YE D z M o ºhi d a. C ſº - - carille#C2tºurs” Buffalo ſ2 O C Rapid Gity ---. v.: sz.: ..Moorcroft 2.4%usſef º ançºrº ºst ATE Arco ºš TÉ% Newcastle Q- ñº PARK CRATERs of & C C l à WIND THE § Mom Idahº Falls his Wººy N G rº; AVE - - 2. KUATL N. P. |->Shoshone Casper | - MQM - §º Falls C §§ t 3rºss ºluśk YDeco Lund. **ºn - l # ºpwyºr - 3;ẠJ N E B. º- #. 3. - scot Tº # # * eLuff tº 3. NAT’l. M Ç #. ! Bridgeport C ºr * 3H E. Y E N N E - C *.*. - - -Sidney- PEcho Gº. **Nº, º p *: Miñº SAFT Aké úñºríº ROCKY MOUN \ Vernºoºº...-NATIONANPARK, Hº - Fort Morgan Blandin NATURAL g 3, E ºx *..." G s flºº, . ń. eſCºucca left;"|MEŠAVERD --—º Mon, Naru. Mon. - Sº 3. ". . .…WRiiONAL FARK. . I Z. nº ºn N E W M3. CAPul-IN- - - RºuſſitAIN tº "Nºri raon. SCALE OF MILES - - . . . ſº 100. 75 50 25 o' !gö ' 200 300. 409 AUTOMoBILE RouTES BETwee:N YELLowsTONE, GRAND TETon, GLACIER, ROCKY MOUNTAIN, MESA VERDE, ZION, BBYCE CANYON, AND WIND CAVE NATIONAL PARKS as above discussed, leading to the western entrance, may be fol- lowed. Most of our national parks are linked together by the National Park-to-Park Highway, dedicated in 1920. 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 65.) FREE CAMP GROUNES A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improve- ment. In these carap grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is made available. Cooking grates soon will be provided. . These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of ears. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of interest, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to sanitation in all camp grounds. GASOLINE, OFL, ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company carries a stock of standard automobile parts, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, outlet of Lake Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. THE PARK MILE-POST SYSTEM The mile-post signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond- shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case ini- tials of a junction point on the loop road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have sometimes been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gate- way, and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. The following is a key to the mile-post initials: N. E. North entrance at Gardner, Mont. - W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. East entrance, 54 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S, E, South entrance, 27 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop System. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 19 N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop System. - . - ~ L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop system. - C. J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J. Tower Falls Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke City leaves the loop system. - C. C. Cooke City entrance, on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Falls Junction. - TMt. W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. - As the map between pages 42 and 43 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop º' Highway. There are 141.8 miles of improved highways in the main system. - The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 68.3 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 92.3 miles.--- Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 28 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone National Forest and 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest, YELLOWSTONE PARK TOUR.—PRINCIPAL POINTS OF - HNTEREST GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)2 (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, y *The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop road at Madison Junction (M. J.) 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 29.) The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 47. The road from the southern entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 40.) The route from the southern entrance is given on p. 50. r The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L. J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 41.) The route from Cody is given on p. 47. 20 YELLowston E NATIONAL PARK and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no camp site near the town. The Mammoth automobile camp is located on the eastern edge of Mammoth Hot Springs, near the headquarters power plant, slightly over 4 miles from Gardiner. This is the first camping site upon entering the park from the north. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along the Gardiner River. - - Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 114 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mam- moth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is ob- tained a magnificent view to the south and east. It is named from a tomblike rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nest- ing place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. ... Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as implied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. - * . - . From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the superintendent’s office; United States Commissioner's office; Mammoth Information Office and Museum; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park, Wyo., post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. The road forks one-half mile further south at the top of the hill. Mammoth Lodge is straight ahead. The main highway to the right leads to a loop road around the hot spring formations as well as to Norris Geyser Basin. Follow the road one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge to the buffalo corral where a small herd of buffalo and some other animals. may be seen. There is a small camp site near the buffalo Corral. The main attractions in the Mammoth region are the large YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 21 and beautiful hot springs and terraces. No private camping is per- mitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 7.4 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. - THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS In seeing the springs and terraces the direction here given is usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar to the traver- tine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyserite. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in Waters issuing directly from the springs. Objects lying for a day or two in the water frequently show a substan- tial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. - From Liberty Gap the trail goes to the north and around New Hymen, Terrace to the arch designating the Terrace Trail. After partly circling Old Hymen Terrace, which is only occasionally active, the trail leads to Devil's Thumb, similar in origin to Liberty Cap. The trail now climbs to Mound Terrace and Minerva Terrace with its Grotto, - º With Main Terrace to the left, the trail bears to the right past Cleopatra Terrace, then up the stairs and along the top of a ridge which was once an active terrace similar to Marrow Gauge Terrace, which is next. These two formations were built up by springs which emerged along a fissure. - - Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now ex- tinct. From this place the trail parallels the auto road past The Buttress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring Mound, a prominent knob of travertine (hot springs deposit) which is slowly building up. From here the trail branches to the left and goes di- rectly to the Devil's Kitchen. The trail branching to the right passes Stygian Caves, White Elephant Back Terrace and eventually leads to Devil’s Kitchen. Since these features lack the interest which they once held, the trail has been shortened to go directly to the Devil's Kitchen, the fissure of an ancient hot spring. The tour- 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ist should note that this is the only opening that is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small ani- mals fall victims annually to the gas, especially in the Stygian Caves which are the most dangerous of all. The Kitchen marks the high point of the Terrace Trail. From here it leads down past New IIighland Terrace, Glen Springs, Old Angel, and on to Angle Ter- race. The latter is considered by many to be the most beautiful of all the terraces. The numerous dead trees found here are not petri- fied but are well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. * From Angel Terrace the trail goes over the ridge to the north, thence down to Blue Springs. By standing near these powerful springs or at a point near Canary Spring, once quite active and lo- cated just south of Blue Springs, one can observe the wonderful colorings of the pools and terraces. The color is due to micro- scopic plants called algae, which give shades varying from delicate peach, through brown to dark green. Long strands of a yellow- colored substance may be noticed in places. Most of this yellow is caused by minute forms of life known as bacteria. At many places upon the broad bench of Jupiter Terrace, the springs present the appearance of boiling, though most of their temperatures are far below the boiling point, which is approximately 198° F. at this altitude. The violent agitation is due to the escape of gases, largely carbonic acid gas. From Canary Spring the trail leads down along- side Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot spring terrace in the world, past Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool, and down the board walk to Liberty Cap. McCartney's Cave is an old extinct spring. Its wire-covered open- ing may be found in the lawn near the tennis court. Free guide service is available twice daily over the Terrace Trail. A ranger naturalist takes a party over the formations, pointing out and explaining the various features to those who make the trip. Lectures are also given in the evenings by these men at the hotel, lodge, and auto camp. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS Clematis Gulch, Wature T'rail.—Two-mile nature-study walk be- ginning at Hymen. Terrace and returning by way of hot springs, if desired. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled and explained. No guide necessary. Rangers’ Wature Trail.—Five-mile round-trip horseback ride, start- ing through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are ex- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 * * rºtto WSr0AVE PARA’ ;ºrº" s-Hºus fluing stºriow *ē wº custo shºp. ** v. s. ccumissioven's office? \ 6. {G}. ., N'- Liberty Gap * * } ^ o / Hymen ſo devil's Thumb sº Terrace/ 3°ºo & ſ *Y. Old Palette Spring S.--~~~~~~~~~ %; !/ Y £rrace ºf / §§', A tºl, Pulpit #, z' Mound Terrace tº -. * Terrace - r Cleopatra Terrace 2^ Jupiter gº *::: z - É'é’ſ Main § Terrace 2^ Terrace; - * °. Jupiter z Springs / f Blue S. Z ‘s Springs Ganaſſy * 32 * . prih Narrow \ yº” / <> Gauge ...-e---> Yeº Terraca twº, ,’ * co gheeps Mound / ! \ & * \ &. 29 \ «wº \ } ,” i Glen Spri New Highland "...” Te .* rrace .2° 22ngel ...A & Lookout Points, iTerrace \ ^ \ Devils Kitchen \ º J o Old Angel Terrace o, & ~~$2 -* \ M . 1 *~~~ Orange SRing, SCALE Goº FEET *Jº- - - O RESERVöß29-- * 10 Biſºfº HERD * 3. : 3. 200 2OQ 4QO 600 Road \ - - - - - - - - Formation Trail - - Z.S. — — — — . Nature Trail sº SKETCH MAP QF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK tensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals them- selves. Guide advised. - Around Bunsen Peak.-Ten miles by automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. The Yellowstone Park Trans- portation Co. makes the trip available to rail tourists as well as to private motorists. - Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. Buffalo herds.--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral one- half mile south of Mammoth Lodge, on road from Bunsen Peak. Guide not neéded. Formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke City. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder, but usually inaccessible to motorists. Accommoda- tions at Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. - - - Tower Falls (132 feet).—Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Northeastern portion of park-A trip could be made to include T the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke City (a picturesque old mining camp), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- vides accommodations. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke City, but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 51.) MOUNTAIN CLIMBING “ Electric Peak (11,155 feet).-Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. - - Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).-South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. - º Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet).-West of Bunsen Peak. * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 25 Mount Everts (7,900 feet).-Northeast. Saddle horse can be rid- den up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles. . • - Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet).-West 5% miles by well-marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) TO NORRIS - JUNCTION (N. J.) (19.8 miles) Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering Kingman Pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 feet high. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the Scenery along the park roads. - - - - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Trilobite Point (9,900), and Mount Holmes (10,300) on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Flat, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for headquarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 7-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. - Gardiner River (7.289 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. - At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways leading to the spring for 26 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,382 feet, is a cliff of black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red, white, and brown forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow- heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the ancient dam here being very long and heavy. t The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. This geyser may be quiescent, as its eruptions are very irregular. Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater, the formation gradually spreading to its present size. - Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color—one blue, the other green. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is along- side the road. The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name. - The Norris Ranger Station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook trout. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N. J.). NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C.J.) - s • (10.8 miles) The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used generally by the traveling public in coming from the Grand Canyon rather than in going to it from other points. This is due to the traffic rules of the park which guide travel around the loop-road system in a coun- terclockwise direction. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 27 NORRIS JUNCTION (N.J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one-half mile south of the Junction. NORRIS GEYSER BASIN 4 ~~~ (AItitude, 7,550 feet) The path for viewing this formation starts immediately beyond the pārking area and follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler Steam, Venč. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with bril- liantly tinted algous growths which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, in a deep pit to the right, and the Black Growler are passed in the order named. The new opening of Black Growler first made its appearance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstableness. The phenomena of this basin are constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black Growler is near the road and is now active. Bathtub Spring, on the left, is sometimes an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; at other times it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Spring and some small, recent paint pots to New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a comparatively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. Congress Pool, on the left of the road, near the north end of the basin, has been a quiet, pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite dif- ferent characteristics from those of the preceding or following month. Hurricane Vent is a mud vent aeross the road from Congress Pool. The road from Bhack Growler leads down the hill to Minute Man Geyser. Beyond Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Monarch Geyser Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 57. 28 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had pre- viously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for the past 10 years. The path continues south to Fearless, Veteran, Corporal, Viaen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption. !} j. —º The VReservoir. o Rock Spring - ſeconºi, spring Gº Sºº - z--~~ scALE of FEET" 3oo’ Q, 3oo Goo Goo. 1200. &A §§ cº º §º $9 - Onyx Springo ,’ - f Springs, Ebony Geyseroo Iris Spring tº gº º Grown Crater" Constant Geºgr Whirligig Geyser" 42se Zºorºº: Wy & Crystal Sprig .#g Porcelain °Arsenic Terſâce o \ Congress Pool Nuphar Lake •rº, ‘P, : H ſ urricane/2 - W*{2Leſſee . . Valentine Geysero) Geyser. Black Growlerſ *Perpetual Spouter obathtub Spring \ - * KSWEmerald Spring o Minute Man } O New Grater Geyser ~~, Geyser / - \ºmº Geyser Crater § g tº Echinus Geyser º o: earless Geyser Fälpitatorspring. y & gº w dqorporal Geyser RAGGED HILLS. . * %) Recess Spring Wº * Vixen 3/ eysery \oveteran deyser S. s of earl eyser >-Z - gºso 6 ! * 3. Pebble Geyser Coue Goral Geyser © & Hydrophane Springs § 39.2% - º Gray. § Medusa Spring & £, Lakes, ſº Cold Springs SRETCH IMAP OF NORRIS GEYSER BASIN ELK PARK, GIBBON MEADOWS, GIBBON CANYON From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (14.3 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, interesting from the peculiar rock formations. Through Gibbon Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude, 7,335 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on. At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist Paint Pots, located at the foot of Paint Pot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. 2- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 29 Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 5 miles from Norris Junction) is an old trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths of a mile to the Monu- ment Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. These cones are more of the type of Lone Star and Lion, Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles, first on one bank of the rapidly flowing stream, then on the other. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more promi- nent. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves small cones covered with brownish algae and iron, giving them the appearance of being choco- late coated. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197.6° F.), on the right, close to the road, is a violently agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Iron Spring (8 miles from Norris) is a cold mineral spring that, like Apollinaris Spring, is usually sampled by tourists. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (8% miles from Norris), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. . . - - The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an inter- esting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junc- tion, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet the road from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.) enters the main highway system. This is Madison Junction (M. J.)," altitude 6,805 feet. MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) To old FAITHFUL (o. F.) (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop high- way the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is Na- tional Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establish- ment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads * The route from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), is described On p. 47. - 38173°–29—3 \ 30 * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK in the northwestern corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears what is thought to be the cross Section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point, there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rain- bow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. Fountain RANGER STATION is situated on the left, 5.9 miles from Madison Junction. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. Opposite the ranger station, a road known as the Fountain Freight Road branches off to the right to rejoin the loop system 5 miles to the South. Two miles from the ranger station on this secondary road, a fork to the right leads to Fairy Creek at the base of Twin Buttes, 2 miles distant. From its terminus a well-beaten path, three-quarters of a mile long, winds through the woods to the huge crater of the New Geyser which burst forth with tremendous fury in the summer of 1928. This geyser plays to a height of 100 to 125 feet for periods of four or five hours, with intervals of rest varying from 12 to 15 hours. The amount of water thrown out during an eruption is between 500,000 and 2,000,000 gallons (2,000 to 8,000 tons), enough to furnish a city of 25,000 inhabitants with its water supply. The geyser is of the fountain type, its eruptions closely resembling, on a smaller scale, those of the extinct giant, Excelsior. From Fountain Ranger Station and other points along the main loop highway one may discern whether the new geyser is playing by the intermittent puffs of white steam which roll upward imme- diately to the left of Twin Buttes during eruptions. Upon leaving the new geyser and returning to the Fountain Freight Road, one may proceed to Old Faithful by turning to the right. The freight road rejoins the main highway just above Midway Geyser Basin and immediately below the 11-mile post (MJ 11, OF 5). Turn left at the junction to visit Eacelsior Geyser Crater, Grand Prismatio Spring, and Turquoise Pool, YELLOWSTONE, NATHONAL PARK 3E LOWER. G.EYSER BASIN 6 Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of a more thorough examination than can be given to cer- tain prominent ones along the road. A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing, the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur every- where throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thurnb of Yellowstone Lake. From the point of unloading of busses at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on ac- count of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. South of Fountain Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left at Silea, Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless his time is limited. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a constantly play- ing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable fea- ture here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening. in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermak waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strik- ingly resembles a blue flame. This continues till the bubble disap- pears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road" formerly branched to the left, leading to the Great Fowntain Geyser, which is now reached by * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 57. 7 This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use this road during the 1929 season, but to return to the loop road and take the next Heft-hand turn to Great Fountain. 32 WELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK returning to the loop road and taking the next left-hand turn. This geyser, which plays every 8 to 12 hours, is rightfully considered one of the features of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. - To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters. and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. - From Great Fountain Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White omegº. Mist * rings g-Höuntain ”. gul-Ex Wiśy BASIN CŞ § 3. o §'S* olone Spring #8 ºccur, wngo, o Thud § tº &o * Kaleidoscope 3. Geyser & o Gentian Pool º Geyser sydra Geysera.gº e Geyserară. § Leather Pool § - JBeliefon 3 Fountain Paint Pof Feather Lake ) tº-2 - Bead } Jº ~ Pink G - § tº zºº ºgº § § sº § §º § º: * *& E. ſo -Cº &e% 10WER GEYSER BASIW To upper aersen basin 7 miles SKETCH MAP OF LowLR GEYSER BASIN Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too small to detain the tourist long. The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Fown- tain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - . -> One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a promi- nent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River, at whose base the great new geyser burst forth in July, 1928. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 33 Midway GEYSER BASIN . Midway Geyser Basin (4.7 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designa- tion. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Eacelsior Geyser Crater. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. - The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1890. The beautiful tints and colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy com- panions. The fountain Freight Road rejoins the main loop road just above the Midway Geyser Basin. - Biscuit Basin (8.1 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The roads forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Pool. - * - - - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit” to this basin. A short distance west are Jewel Geyser and Silver Globe Spring. - - Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. . - A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action. UPPER GEYSER BASIN 8 A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 57. 34: YELLOWSTONE NATION AT, PA.R.E. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few seasons. At the Heft, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside Geyser, one of the most prominent of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from seven to eight hours. Water overflows from the lower of its two craters for a period of two hours immediately preceding an eruption. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. The next camp site is southwest of Castle Geyser, nearly 1 mile by road from this point. Special camp grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faithful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside Geyser camp. At the left and close to the road is.the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the Ieft is the direct road, but it does not pass any un- usual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin Toad) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes chose to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. Dur- ing the Past few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the extinct Splendºd 6’eyser. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this neighborhood, are connected. When one of the geysers of this group prays it appears to affect them alf. - A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake, Handkerchief Pool, and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less ſevel stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly after- wards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. OLD FArrrrrtſ. (6). F.) is the generał designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. It is 55 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 35 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. EISCUIT Mustard rings Aväspring, **** * Geyser i rror Pool .* thos Spring od Sprite Pool Pool §en ch, Spring jºin Springs Artemisia Geyser º, Restless Geysero : Santinel dayseriº Riv ër sſ de Gey se r White Pyramid Geyser Gone Pundh Bowl tº-ºº-- r Sprin ...: *** ser f Nº hromatic Pool «Beauty Pool - *Wave Spring §. Poof *Economic Geyser Grater - Sºlwiche |Turban Geyser granty Spanker Springº, Grand Geyser . - Terra Cottà Po #####: . GROUAE * $h, QS • Pins . springs ºf º Sunset P º *f;§: / mill Geyser yser / - & i Beehive :Road S. § & G’sp t g 'antess G §r BATH HOUSE. *-i-º-º- - * *Gaºadeº - fºr 4 º' ~~ ––––Nature Trail . ----- ------- Formation Trai; Old Faithful Inn ALg. of Fsſºr . . . Afty SEtſ/ºf .*=#jº-ji,1OOO 1500 2óOOT25oo wawass station: FREE Auro camp grounds || 70 WEST THUMB of yellowsrows LAKE 19 Milf& SKETCH MEAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN Here is located Old Faithful Inn, and 676 Faithful Lodge. A general store, bathhouse, and picture shop are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of 6ld Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. 36 - . YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK OLD FAITH FUL RANGER STATION AND CoMMUNITY CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. An attractive little museum devoted to subjects of local interest, more particularly to geyser activity and its products, is maintained between the inn and ranger station. An information bureau in connection with it is for the service of the public. Several instructive lectures are delivered daily. The subjects and locations are announced in various con- spicuous places. - TRAILS AND SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITH FUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has un- doubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the midst of geyserland, where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to be seen. For your advantage and convenience, two excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked with white arrows and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail begins across the main road from the Old Faithful Ranger Station (at the entrance to Old Faithful Auto Camp), on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is three-quarters of a mile long and ends at the Lion, Group. The second, or Black Sand Basin. Trail, is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the junction of the main highway and the Black Sand Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand Basin road, in the reverse direction from that given above and crosses the main high- way near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser. For the convenience of auto tourists who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant Geysers, which are near the main highway. The two trails may be combined by pursuing an easterly course from Castle Geyser to the river bank, crossing the footbridge to the Léon Group, and following the Geyser Hill Trail in the reverse direction from that given below. Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail.—The trail nomi- nally begins at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourist's friend. It is not the highest or most powerful geyser in the park, it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities, and in addition, it never disappoints, playing with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 37 eyes. . It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. During the tourist season, the first eruption after each night- fall is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. . - The trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to Chinaman Spring around which an attractive little yarn has been spun. Across the river from this point, the Sputterer chafes in its cavity above the water's edge, while highly colored algae are seen in the overflow from Cascade Geyser. These are microscopic plants which grow in the course of hot water, the color varying with the temperature of the stream. The Firehole River is crossed behind the Swimming Pool. Water for this pool (a private concession) is piped from Solitary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet and it became a geyser, playing every five minutes to heights of 15 feet or more. Beehive Geyser has the most symmetrical cone of any of the geysers in the park and is rated as the second highest. It was considered extinct for some time, but in 1928 it played more fre- quently than ever, averaging several eruptions per month. The main claim of Cascade Geyser for attention is the natural bridge of geyserite over its crater. In some respects, Giantess is the most spectacular of geysers. Its eruptions, 100 to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 36 hours. They are ac- companied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rumblings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is com- pletely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyser and Teakettle Spring, companionate hot-water bodies nearby, Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting texture built by the drop- lets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds, and has a miniature eruption every two or three min- utes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the coral-like growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach, Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Nature Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Observation Point, from which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. All of the leading features on this trail are labeled and explained. The Geyser Hill Trail turns back from Beach Spring, past Ear Spring, to the Lion Group, which attractively surmounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. *, 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. Points of interest along the Black Sand Basin, Trail.—As stated above, this trail closely parallels the roadways until Giant Geyser is reached. This is the highest existing geyser in the park. Its interval of eruptions is uncertain and variable. The companions of the Giant, Bijou, and Mastiff are two small geysers in almost con- stant eruption. Oblong 6'eyser, near the foot bridge, is beautiful to behold, either while quiet or in action. The Inkwell Spring spouts both brown and black ink, in this case iron compounds. Beauty Spring is of the morning-glory type, larger but not so symmetrical. Economic Geyser was formerly one of the most attractive geysers in the park, playing every few minutes to heights of 20 to 50 feet. All of the water ejected during its eruptions drained back into the crater—it was very economical of its water supply. It is now ex- tirict. Grandſ Geyser is one of the most beautiful in the world and, next to Old Faithful Geyser, plays more frequently than any of the larger geysers. Its eruptions consist of a series, and many of the shafts of hot water reach a height of 200 feet. It is an interesting combination of both cone and fountain type of geysers. Turban Geyser, so called because of the turban-shaped masses of sinter in its crater, is more or less connected with Grand Geyser, as are also the Triplets nearby. The trail leads past Spasmodio and Sawmill Gey- sers, Chimney Cone on the left of the footbridge, beautiful Crested Pool, to Castle Geyser and Tortoise Shell Spring. Castle Geyser has the most artistic come in the basin, both in general outline and detail. In 1928, it erupted daily at irregular intervals. So far as is known, it is unconnected with any other spring or geyser. Ranger naturalists conduct wałking parties over the Black Sandſ Basin Trail each morning and over Geyser Hill and Wature Trails in the afternoon. This is a free service sponsored by the National Park Service. Parties leave from the porch of the lodge, the ranger station, and the inn lobby for these trips. Mature Trail.—This traff is in the shape of a double circle and may be entered from Old Faithful Lodge bridge, near Lion Geyser, or near Grand Geyser. Total distance, 4 miles. Nature features well labeled. No guide needed. Follow the arrows. Grand Teton Wational Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton National Park bordering Jackson Hoſe; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Resorts operated by B. D. Sheffield and the Jackson Lake Lodge (Inc.). Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this is a one-way road for eastbound traffic only. YELF.OWSTONE, NATIONAE, PARE: 39. old FAITHFUL (o. F.) To west THUMB of YELLow- STONE LAKE (W. T.) (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cas- cades; altitude 7,583 feet. - - At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a miſe to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. - Then the narrow road turns down Corkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,365 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). - From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the Ieft. The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the boat landing, Rewis Lake, the South Entrance, and Jackson Lake. The fork to the left is the loop road. 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) THE THUMB RANGER STATION is on the left at the forks of the road; Hamilton's store is immediately north. The automobile camp grounds, housekeeping tents, and cafeteria are on the right. Alti- tude 7,784 feet. g - A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet), a quarter of a mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 50 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake;" altitude 7,784 feet. - WEST THUMB (W. T.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) - (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all of the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, magnificient views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. - On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arnica Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then, turning left up a long lane, going back over the old road about a mile. The new United States Fish Hatchery is passed just before reaching Lake Hotel (18.4 miles from Thumb; altitude 7,761 feet). LAKE HOTEL AND LAKE LODGE Near the Lake Hotel (19.1 miles from Thumb) is the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellow- stone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. * The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 50. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 41 Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Along the road to Cody, Wyo., just beyond Fishing Bridge, is an auto camp, where there are housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store, and picture shop. LAKE RANGER STATION is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures, and free guide service are furnished daily by the Ranger Na- turalist Service at Lake and Fishing Bridge auto camp. SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Jackson Hole and Lake.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), Lewis Lake and Falls. Teton Mountains in Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. - • . Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.).10 Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Boundary and Cody branches off to the right. It is 26.6 miles from this point to the East Entrance (E. E.), 80.6 miles to Cody, the East gateway city, 14.3 miles to Canyon Junction (C. J.), and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W.T.); altitude, 7,791 feet. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - (14.3 miles) Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragon's Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around . the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively located among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. * The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 47. 42: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The loop road leads to the left. In about a half-mile the parapet at Upper Falls; 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim. of the falls. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the special camp site and free public automobile grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles; and opposite, on the right, is the CANYON RANGER STATION. Free guide and lecture service is available. A short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road, known as Canyon Junction (C. J.) cANYon Junction (c. J.) €anyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 41.3 miles from. the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Norris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon, Hotel, and 2 miles from 6amyon Lodge. The road turning to the left is the short cut to Morris Junction, 10.8 miles distant. The main loop load continues north past Canyon Hotel junction and to the left at Grand View junction. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.). (10.8; miles ). On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- tion), and then the road winds through timber-eovered, rolling country to Virginia Meadows, where there is a camp site, and the fishing is good. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junc- tion and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Virginia Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. - - GRANE). CANYON: If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellowstone, 308 feet high. 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The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. & On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is * Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the |Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. But better yet is Inspiration, Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the can- yon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the tourist. There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, etc., to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horseback, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER FALLS - JUNCTION (T. J.) (19.4 miles) In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. - At Dunraven Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,346 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak ROAD TO TOWER FAtts, yid M7 washstºw 27 º of DuMRAVFW Pass ...” § ; f & § S & $. <6Tºzºzz-- & & Lós ºf masº & #A w w g z z z *** - - - -- * IQRFK º - FREE At 175 w ãº: § A N Trail to Crystal Falls and Lower Falſ CAMP GROUNDs Wógºſº Stairs to Lower Falls - §§§ - §/6 § #Cañyon Lod Lookout Point Grand View Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls (No bridge here) Trail to Inspiration Pt. Trail to Silver Gord Gascade *Uncle Tom's Trail RøAD TO JºANGE woºhis GEff &rA rºyº #/º %Upper Falls (109 ft.) Chittenden Bridgeſ; ſ *-Forest Sprey scALE C F M ; t_gs º ſº lººr-º-º-º: ºº isº º E. t - © SKETCH MAP OF GRAND CANYON | ROAD TO LAKE and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. * - Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude, 6,597 feet) at Tower Falls. Also, housekeeping cabins are available. Owing to the congested condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fence-like layers in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 45 The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. - Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon, and past Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- dred yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; altitude 6,264 feet. -- - - TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining community of Cooke City, beyond the boundaries of the park. SIDE TRIPS FROM ToweR FALLs JUNCTION AND RoosevelT LODGE - - Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are. unsurpassed. - - - - The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. Petrified Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast three- fourths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. - “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle’” John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is 38173°–29—4 46 YELLowston E NATIONAL PARK usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. Buffalo Ranch.-On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to see. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. - Specimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Guide is necessary. Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. Soda BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park traverses its entire length. CookE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary. Cooke City.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies just beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reserva- tion. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indep Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. Grasshopper Glacier.—A few miles beyond Cooke City is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the Snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. - TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) (17.6 miles) The first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Tree, three- fourths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 47 At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junetion there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. . . . - Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. - - - - At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mam- moth auto camp and houskeeping cabins are located just before reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. WEST YELLOWSTONE, MONT., THE WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- Stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) TO LAKE * JUNCTION (L. J.) (80.6 miles) Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 54 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. 11 See p. 29. 48 . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermop- olis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. : Leaving the Burlington Station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new high- way as it turns out of sight of the plains. . . . . The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Government found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 is approximately $14,600,000. Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scien- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK 49 tists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. *. - - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North. Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. - Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Ohimmey Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephant's Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann Spruce. - - - - - . . - Just after crossing the North Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. . . Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PASS RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PAss LODGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. - - - Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. b{} YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam open- ings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNC- TION (L. J.).” MORAN, WYO., VIA SouTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) To - LOOP ROAD AT WEST THUMB (W. T.) (50 miles) Moran Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 27 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park. B. D. Sheffield and the Jackson Lake Lodge (Inc.) operate resorts on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclammation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificant elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. This mountain group is an imposing outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low ele- Vations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north- South, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the Summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, therefor, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. - The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tain areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. * See p. 41. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 51 From Jackson Lake reclaimed waters fertilize a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. - - - - The SNARE RIVER RANGER STATION, altitude 6,882 feet is at the Southern entrance of the Park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the tourist should look back at the Teton Mountains to the South. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- dan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Dºvide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) To BUFFALO RANCH, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE CITY, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke City, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction. Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite boulders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Falls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier boulders lie piled in immense masses. * See p. 40. 52 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is maintained in the winter months by the Government. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junc- tion. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda. Butte Creek through the heart of magnificient mountain scenery. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The CoORE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary (31 miles from Tower Falls Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke City is 4 miles farther. BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT., TO - westERN ENTRANCE (w. E.) - (98 miles) Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. From Bozeman the road passes across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the terminus of a branch line-of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages daily from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. Leaving Gallatin Gateway, the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and at 78 miles from the western entrance enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley, by way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin National Forest. - For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 31 miles from the western entrance the road enters the north- west corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the Gallatin River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 53 Madison River is crossed and followed down Graying Creek, a tributary of the Madison River, the road leaves the park 12 miles from the western entrance and enters the Madison, National Forest. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 29. YELLOwSTONE PARK TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart’s content, unin- terrupted by any schedule of transportation. HOWARD EATON TRAIL - Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction 20 Norris Junction to Fountain Ranger Station—. - --- 18 Fountain Ranger Station to Old Faithful - 11 Old Faithful to West Thumb .. 20 West Thumb to Lake - 20 Lake to Canyon 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction 20 Canyon to Norris Junction * - - 14 Tower Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton trail . 157 The Howard Eaton trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton trail follows closely the “ loop " road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “loop " highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried taveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled, as time affords. Cer- tain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: * Intersecting trail between east and west sides of park at these points. 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAR#C ScHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM WHICH THEY RADIATE, AND DISTANCES 15 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: Miles To summit of Mount Everts and return 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return------__ – 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return 14 To Gardiner, Mont., via Old road, and return 10 To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak 14 Prom Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station 11 To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass––– 30 To Gallatin Banger Station, via Golden Gate, and Big Horn Pass Trail 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, wia Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail-, 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail- 15 2. From Old Faithful : -- TO Biscuit Basin 2.5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail________ 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail----_______ 15 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail 16 To Lone Star Geyser . - 3. 5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake outlet, Shoshone Trail__ 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail---------- 5 To Lewis Iake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone H_ake - 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail____________ 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, wia Lone Star Geyser and Bech- ler Canyon - 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return___________ 8 3. From Lake: To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction________ 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary -- 3 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, via . Miller Creek 20 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake______ 7 4. From Canyon : - - To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail___________– 25 To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge__ ... 5 To Seven Mile Fishing Hole 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge 1. To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail 6 To Summit of Mount Washburn 9 To Sulphur Mountain - 5 TO TOWer Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail_________ 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail 4 To Silver Cord Cascad 4 4 To Devil’s Ink Pot * See Saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 75, 76, 79, 80; also Personally Conducted Camping Parties, pp. 87 and 88. - . . . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 5. From Tower Falls: - - . . - Miles To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail-------------- 25 To Specimen Ridge 7 From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, Via Amethyst Mountain---- 12 To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail----- 12 To East Boundary, via Buffalo Farm and Miller Creek——--------- 37 To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction____ 45 To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction________ 49 6. From Fountain : & - To Riverside Ranger Station, On Madison Plateau Trail_________ 15 To Biseuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail____________ 25 7. From West Thumb : e To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail) 20 To Heart Lake, by road and trail 15 To Lewis Lake (proposed trail) 9 To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail. 14 8. From Norris : To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail 8 9. From Soda Butte : To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary-- 3 To East Boundary, via Miller Creek • 20 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Eake_______ 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain 12 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction 7 10. From Gardiner: . sº To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail . 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail-- 12 From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail__________ 12 From Slough Creek to North Boundary, on Slough Creek Trail____ 12 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail 7 TO Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail 8 To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road 5 11. From Gallatin: . . To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass_-__ To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail 11 From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak 14 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Big Horn Pass Trail --——a 35% To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail — 60 12. From Riverside: To Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail__________ 15 From Fountain Ranger Station to Biscuit Basin on Little Firehole Trail - 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail--- 33. 13. From Upper Yellowstone: To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail 30 50 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., 1887 to 1928, inclusive [Compiled by Glen Jefferson, meteorologist, United States Weather Bureau) : January Fº March April May June July August Seºn October Nºn Pºm Annual Mean temperature (degrees Years - . Fal * - - 3.1-X 42 18.2 20. 2 27.0 37. 0 45.6 53. 9 | 61.3 59, 9 51.0 40. 6 29, 5 20, 2 38.7 Mean maximum temperature - § - (degrees Fahrenheit) --------- 42 26.4 29, 9 | 37. 1 48. 0 57.6 67.3 76, 5 75. 5 64.9 52.0 38. 6 28, 2 50.2 Mean minimum temperature - - . - - - - (degrees Fahrenheit) --------- 42 10. 0 10.4 17. 1 26.1 33.8 40. 6 46. 1 44.4 37. I 28.8 20.3 12, 1 27.2 Highest temperature (degrees 1888 1921 1910 - 1890 1887 1900 1901 1900 . 1887 1893 1887 1920 July, 1901 Fahrenheit) an - - - - - - - 42 49 51 62 89 92 96 93 88 82 68 48 Lowest temperature (degrees 1888 1905 1920 || 1920 1899 1901 1901 1910 1895 1887 1896 1923 Jan., 1888 Fahrenheit) and date-------- 42 —4:1 –36 —25 —3 15 20 30 23 Zero, - –27 –34 —41 Average number of days with - minimum temperature zero or below--------------------- 25 5 3 2 5 21 Average precipitation (inches)- 42 1.8 1. 40 1.78 1. 35 2.02 I. 69 1. 31 1. 10 1.22 1. 39 1. 38 1.47 17.91 Greatest precipitation in 24 1895 1890 l 1921 1921 1895 1902 1924 1905 I908 1893 1889 Oct., 1908 hours (inches) and date------ 41 1.60 l. 30 1. 12 0.76 1. 55 1. 55 1. 40 0.98 0.98 2. 34 0.90 1.05 2. 34 Average number of days with 0.01 inch, or more, of precipi- - tation : 42 13 10 12 10 13 12 10 9 10 12 128 Average Snowfall (inches) ------ 42 18.8 14.2 16. 1 8, 6 4, 6 0.8 0.1 T. 1. 6 7, 1 11.0 14.6 97.5 Greatest snowfall in 24 hours 1895 1908 1888 1911 1921 1905 1921 1910 1919 1919 1893 1922 Jan., 1895 (inches) and date------------- 42 16. 0 13. 11.2 7. 0 10.8 8. 0 3. 8 T. 7, 7 14.0 9. 11. 3 16.0 Average depth of snow on . ground at end of month • (inches) 25 11.8 12.2 5. 5 0.3 & 0 0 0 0.1 1.0 2.9 7.7 |----------- Greatest depth of snow on 1911 1922 1917 1917 1921 1905 1921 1910 1919 1919 1911 1916 || Mar., 1917 ground (inches) and date----- 25 26.0 29. 6 35 26, 2 10, 8 4.0 2, 3 T. 6.0 14.6 12.8 28. 35. 6 Average hourly wind velocity (miles per hour)-------------- 9. 8. 3 8. 6 8. 0 7. 9 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.4 7.3 8.0 7. 7.8 aximum wind velocity (miles 1917 1923 1921 1922 1927 1911 1904 1912 1915 1916 1926 1907 Mar., 1921 per hour) and date----------- 25 42–SW. 52–NW. 54–S. || 48–SW. 54–S. 45–SW. 52—SW. 48–S. 49–S, 46–NW. 44–S. || 42—SW. 54–S. Prevailing wind direction.------ 42 . º S. S. S. S. SW. S. S. S. S. Sunshine (percentage of pos- Sible) average---------------- 25 39 52 58 57 54 62 72 70 63 57 45 39 56 Average number of days clear, 25 5 7 7 7 6 8 12 12 10 10 7 6 97 25 9 11 13 13 13 15 14 14 11 10 10 9 142 25 16 11 12 11 12 7 4 5 8 11 13 16 126 25 78 78 77 76 77 75 75 73 74 74 74 78 • 76 11 67 65 57 51 46 40 36 38 45 53 62 69 52 25 73 67 60 52 49 43 39, 38 46 57 65 73 55 T. indicates trace. 3. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 57 Table of surface, temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles [Based upon observations made by the Geof.” Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- ingUOIn, L). All given temperatures are at best only approximate as they vary considerably from time to time. Temperatures Name Remarks Centi- || Fahren- grade heit Boiling River 48.5 119, 3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: - * Angel Terrace-------------------------- 74. 0 165, 5- Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace 68. 0 154.4 Coloring due to algæ. Hymen Terrace----------- * * * * 73. 0 | 163, 6 | Nearest to Liberty, Cap. . Jupiter Terrace 73. 0 163.6 Largest hot spring terrace in the world. Mound Terrace------------------------ 71. 0 159.8 High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: - ... • Black Growler Steam Vent------------- 140, 0 284, 0 || Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool 92.0 197.6 Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser------------------------- 91.0 195.8 Beautiful spiny sinter. e New Crater Geyser--------------------- 93. 0 199.4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--------- , 92.0 197.6 Violently agitated spring. Iower Geyser Basin: Clepsydra Geyser---------------------- 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot-------------------- 93. 5 200.3 Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------------- - 96.0 204.8 Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser 95.0 203, 0 || Just before an eruption. Do- - 92.0 197, 6 Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool; 93.0 199.4 Intermittently Seething. Upper Geyser Basin: - - Beach Spring -- 89.3 192, 7 || Algous coloring notable. Beehive Geyser------------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring----------------------- 93.5 200, 3 | A small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser - 94.2 201.6 Dangerous area. Lion Geyser---------------------------- 93.8 200, 6 Active once or more each day. Pioness Geyser------------------------- 94.8 202.64 || Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool-------------------- 77.0 170, 6 || One of the most famous pools. Sponge.9eyser-------------------------- 95.0 203. 0 Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------------- 94. 0 201. 2 Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring------------------- 95.0 203.0 | Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Hlack Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool------------------------ 93.0 199.4 || Deep blue color. . . Cliff Geyser---------------------------- 91. 1 195, 98 || Infrequently erupts. - : Comet Geyser 94, 8 202.64 Underground connection with Daisy - eyser. Daisy Geyser 94.0 200. 1 || Just before eruption. 0 - 91. 0 195.8 Just after eruption. Emerald Pool-------------------------- 69. 3 156. 74 || Most beautiful green pool. Handkerchief Pool---------------------- 83. 5 182. 3 || A famous spring. Punch Bowl Spring--------------- ------ 94.5 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: Dragons Mouth 75. 0 167.0 Gushing, muddy water. ud Volcano 84. 0 183.2 || Violently boiling mud. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOwstone NORRIS GEYSER BASIN Heat of Height water eruption Duration of Interval between eruption - Af Name Remarks Pee? Sër. - New Crater Gey- Beautiful ruddy 58 YELLOWSTQNE NATIONAL PARK Prominent Geysers and Springs of the Yellowstone—Continued IGWER GEYBER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) |Height of Duration of Tinterval between - Heat of Name £ruption . eruption - eruption Remarks - water IBlack Warrior Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- Springs. - - Clepsydra Geyser- 10–40 | Few seconds----| 3 ministèS.------- Named for water clock------ 197.6 Excelsior Geyser | 200–300 || About $4 hour--- Irregular-------- Ceased playing in 1890------ 193.3 rater. Fountain Geyser-- 75 | 10 minutes - do | Seldom in eruption---------|-------- Fºam Paint Basin of boiling clay-------| 200.3 OE. Firehole Lake Underwater “flames”------- | -------- Grand Prismatic Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. - remarkable coloring. ** :Fountain 75–150 45 to 60 minutes- 8 to 12 hours---- Spouts 4 or 5 times------- —l 204.8 eyser. - - New Geyser (1928) - 100–125 4 to 5 hours----- 12 to 15 hours---| Started playing at its present -------- - - - | dimensions in July, 1928. Steady Geyser----- 20-40 | Steady--------•- None------------ Plays continuously:---------|-------- Turquoise Pool |--| About 100 feet in diameter--|-------- UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER BASIN) 24 to 30 Irregular 10 #0 15 Irregular 6 to 8 A 50 200 in 12 to 36 15 to 30 Grotto 201. Jewel 197.6 Lion 56–6 290, 6 Lioness - 202.6 170, 6 Irregular About once a day 201.8 60 to 80 ‘Usual interval 65 200. 1 unc Crested Spring 202. 1 Spring. Riverside 7 to 8 Very regular, plays over the 201.2 - Jºlyel. Usually 5 to 8 times a 192. 1 not played since 200. 48 Sponge A Small.but Sunset A beautiful Turbanlike Turban hours. in the Notable springs.-Black Sand Pool [1994], Chinaman [2003], Emerald Spring [156.7], Morning Glory [170.6], Punch Bowl [202.1], Sunset Lake, Crested Pool [191], Teakettle Spring [2012], Handkerchief Pool [1823].” - * Figures given indicate approximate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. yellowsrose NATIONAL PARK 59 FISHING IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. - Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Lake, and Canyon Junction. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information. Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful Museum, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. WILD ANIMALS Bears are seen daily in summer at garbage dumps near hotels, lodges, and camps, occasionally along the roads, and abundantly around the kitchen door at Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occa- sionally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep are seen about once a week on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may always be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers' Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt Lodge. 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK In winter elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, antelope, and moun- tain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. RULES AND REGULATIONS (Approved February 18, 1929, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by - the Secretary of the Interior) GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbid- den to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosi- ties, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot-spring formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked permit must be secured from the ranger in charge. - 2. Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for tourists visiting the park in their own conveyances, and no camping is permitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used during past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. It is necessary, therefore, that the following rules be strictly enforced for the protection of the health and comfort of the tourists who visit the park in their own conveyances. - (a) Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans, or, if cans are not available, placed in the pits provided at the edge YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 61 of camp. At new or unfrequented camps garbage shall be burned or carried to a place hidden from sight. Keep the camp grounds cleam. - (b) There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site, and the water in the creeks and streams adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rang- ers for sources to use. Tourists out on hiking parties must not con- taminate watersheds of water supplies. They are indicated by signs, pipe lines, and dams. There is plenty of pure water; be sure you get it. . . (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. (d) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis- tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (e) Wood for fuel shall only be taken from dead or fallen trees. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of re-ignition. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited. - The outfits, including guns, traps, téams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than pre- scribed above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the 38178°–29—5 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of . the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer and in proper cases may obtain leave to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other property. So Surrendered to any park officer nor are park officers authorized to accept responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. 5. Bears.--Molesting, teasing, or touching the bears is prohibited. 6. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers, is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 8 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed im- mediately upon being removed from the hook. Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. In the discretion of the superintendent the limit for a day's catch may be extended to not exceeding 20 fish per day per person fishing in well-stocked waters distant from the Grand Loop Road. The use of live minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. 7. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Cameras—Still and motion-picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involv- ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. 9. Gambling.—Gambling in any form; or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 10. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance ºf the public. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 63 11. Mining.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. - 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. - . - 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations hold- ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a Sanitary con- dition to the satisfaction of the Superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and man- agement of the park. All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identifi- cation mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. - 14. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats may be transported through the park, provided they are kept on a leash or in a crate while within the confines of the park. All dogs and cats must be registered at the entrance ranger station. The superintendent has authority to grant, in Writing, special permission, if necessary, to retain dogs and cats in the park unleashed. . 15. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. Travel.—(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On side hill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehi- cles of any kind drawn by animals. . (c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. - . (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse- 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. z 17. Miscellaneous.-(a) Campers and all others, save those hold- ing licenses from the Director of the National Park Service, are pro- hibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. - (b) No pack-train or saddle-horse party will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a licensed guide. All guides shall pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the super- intendent of the park covering the applicant's knowledge of the park and fitness for the position of licensed guide. At the discretion of the superintendent, licensed guides may be permitted to carry un- sealed firearms. (c) All complaints by tourist and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. - . - (d) The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of agcident. e - *. 18. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox- ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter described for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super- intendent of the park. - Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all the costs of the proceedings. 19. Lost and found articles.—Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR CYCLE REGULATIONS Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), the following regulations covering the admission of automo- biles and motor cycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR 65 \ 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone en- trance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The superintendent may in his discretion keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. . - 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra- vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty of its violation. . Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motor cycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, as far as they are applicable. 4. Motor trucks,—Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the weight limitations and entrance fees prescribed by the Director of the National Park Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations and entrance fees for motor trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. . 5. Permits.-A permit shall be secured at the ranger station where the motor vehicle enters, and will entitle the permittee to operate the particular vehicle indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue, but is not transferable for the operation of any other vehicle than that for which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. gº 6. Fees.—Fees for automobiles and motor-cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively, and are payable in cash. 7. Direction.—Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “loop" in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the auto- mobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. - - - Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), any time of day or night except the periods 9 a.m. to 11.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. to 4.30 p.m. . . -- . . . . . 66 YELLOWSTQIME RNATIONAL PARK Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W. E.), any time, day or night. - Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junetion (L. J.), any time, day or night. Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. (but not to Canyon Junction—C. J.). Distance, 20.2 miles. Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) direct, any time, day or night. . Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- france (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. . Summit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junc- tion of Dunraven Pass Road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), after 3 p. m. . The Superintendent of the park has authority to ehange routing of cars if necessary. - 3. Distamoe apart, gears, and brakes.—Automobiles while in mo- tion should keep a reasonable distance apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. 9. Speeds-Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretehes the speed may be increased to not exceeding 30 miles per hour. - The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 20 miles per hour on all park roads. 10. Horns.—The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians, 11. Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 57 12. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, lodges, or camps. 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to eaable teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. 14. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specified for the park highways. - When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled, as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. 15. Accidents; stop-overs.-Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, shall be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. Any driver of a motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station, or to the Superin- tendent of the park. 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings—or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park or by any com- bination of these penalties. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanc- tion in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the Superintendent of the park. 17. Paragraphs 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 of these regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 18. Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camp grounds.-- Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge Camp Grounds, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. Repair shops and garages are maintained at all these points except West Thumb. Prices of sup- plies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camp grounds for motorists are main- tained at points indicated on the automobile guide map and by “Good Camp º' signs. . 19. Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced. A leaner mixture of gasoline and air is required, but on account of reduced engine power about 50 per cent more gasoline will be used per mile than is required at lower alti- tudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. MAPS Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” • * - . The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and South of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. . Area north of park: Livingston sheet; scale, 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents, Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch, Price, 10 cents each. - - - - Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - 17 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. * - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 69 LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. LITERATURE ON YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK DISTRIBUTED FREE by THE National Park SERVICE - The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the ,Government information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful Museum: . Motorists Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, superintendent's office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the auto- mobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. - Map of National Parks and Monuments. . Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the * National Park Service and all railroad routes to the reservations. Manual for Railroad Tourists. Distributed in park only. Contains time-tables of all park tours. Glimpses of Our National ParkS. 62 pages, including 23 illustrations. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. - - sold BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash: National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.18 - Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. . - - Illustrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation, point of view. • Reprint No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. - Geysers of Yellowstone National Park, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” - - In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. e 18 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. 70 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone lyational Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” - This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. IFishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904). 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” - Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bul- letin 611, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1. • This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from $t. Paul to Seattle and along the branch line to Yellowstone Park. Guidebook of the western United States, Part B, The CVerland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, 50 cents. - A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but with the natural resources, history, and development of the country between Omaha and San Francisco. - REFERENCES ALêRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. Oh, Ranger! A Book about the National Parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, illustrated. Price $2.50. ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. - A biography. Price, $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- £rated. - * BRxGE, JAMEs. University and historieal addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. BURRoughs, JoBN. Camping and Tramping with Rooseyelf. 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. - CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park, 1923, 173 pp., illustrated. - - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. 350 pp., illustrated, revised, Price #3. Published by J. E. Haynes, 341 Selby Avenue, St. Paul, Minn. - (. DUNRAvein, EARL off. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874, 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. EwARTs, HAL G. Passing of the Old West, 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. - —The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York. FARQUHAR, FRANCIS P. Reading Up on The Yellowstone. Published by J. E. Haynes, 341 Selby Avenue, St. Paul, Minn. - - 18 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Biot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. *ZELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 71 FoRDycE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. HAwRENs, P. H. The trees and shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by The Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth $6.75, paper $0.50, post paid. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published an- nually, 200 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents. J. E. Haynes, 341 Selby Avenue, §t. Paul, Minn. - HENRIKsson, FRITz. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of Visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. - HoLMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of the Arizona; Moki Tand. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. *Yellowstone on pp. 5–3 iº. - HOUGH, EMERSGN. Maw's vacation—a human being in the Yellowstone, 1924. Second ed., 62 pp. octavo, illustrated. Priee 75 cents. JEFFERS, LE ROY. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co, New York. * Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Grumbrecht. - Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. RIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. * LANGFord, N. P. Discovery of the Yellowstone. 1923. 122 pp., illustrated. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. HIEwis, SINCLAIR. Free air. - . Story of a motor tour across Northern States, ineluding trip through Yellow- stone Park. MILLs, ENOS. A. Your National Palks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton-Mifflin Co. 1917. - Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. The Grizzly, 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, JoHN. Our national parks. 1909. , 382 pp., illustrated. . Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. - MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. . - QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. QUINN, VERNoN. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. - Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. . . RoſſFE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book Two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. Yellowstone on pp. 243–297. g RYDBERG, PER. AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanieal Garden, vol. 1, 1909. 492 pp., map. 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1. 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. SoHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. SENN, NICHOLAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., iilustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17-92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SETON, ERNEST THOMPson. Life histories of northern animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. Wild animals at home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vol., with over 150 sketches and photographs. . In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in studying wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. The biography of a grizzly. 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. - SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price $2.50. Bears of the Yellowstone. 1925. 151 pp., illustrated. Price $2.50. The American antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price 30 cents. The Story of the Whitebar elk. 1923. Price 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. & For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone, 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. Published by G. P. Putnam's Sons. STODDARD, John L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207—304. STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - THONE, FRANK E. A. Trees and flowers of the Yellowstone National Park, 1923. 64 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents. - ToMLINSON, EvKIRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone, 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. ſ UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. Out of print. - WINTON STALLO. John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An ac- count of his 1807 exploration. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. WARREN, EDWARD R. The Beaver. No. 2. 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October, 1926. WILEY, WILLIAM H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone, 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WRIGHT, WILLIAM. H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK 73 YARD, ROBERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent, 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. The Book of National Parks. Scribner's. 1926, 444 pp., 74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams. Yellowstone on pp. 202–228. OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Rules and Regulations similar to this containing information re- garding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.: - - Acadia National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. Parks. Hawaii National Park. Wind, Cave National Park. Hot Springs National Park. Yosemite National Park. Lassen Volcanic National Park. - Zion and Bryce Canyon National Mesa Verde National Park. - . ParkS. - - NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Depart- ment of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 74 pages, including 34 illustrations. . . AUTHORIZED RATES Fº ºric UTILITIES, SEASON 929 All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the Government. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be made to the superintendent. Employees of the hotels, lodges, and transportation lines are not Government employees but discourteous treatment by public-utility employees should be reported to the park administration. - YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co, maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, the Upper Geyser Basin, the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. - .The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the hotels are as follows: RATES OF TEIE YELLOWSTONE PARK Hot F.L. Co. HOTEL RATES 4%-day tours: -- 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), American plan, on standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellow- Stone Park Transportation Co. $29,00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan Operation. Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not includ- ing private bath), per day, per person 6, 50 American plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with private bath, are: - 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 persons in 1 room, $9 to $10 each, according to location, 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, corner Suite, $10 each person. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, inside suite, $9 each person. 3 persons in 1 room with private bath, $8.50 and $9 per day, per person, according to location. 4 persons in 2 rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9, each, according to location. . 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Lunch- ------------------------ Dinner------------------- - - Meals served in rooms, extra, each--------------------------------- (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shingle, back only------------ - - - - - - All other hair cuts for Women------------------------------------- Shampoo (men), plain----------------- --- - Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair)-------------------------- . Women's shampoo (long hair)---------- * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - see sº sº 1. Rinses------------------------------------------------------- Head massage------------------ * * * * * - - - - - - - - - * = = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Scalp treatment - - - - - - * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Face massage (men).---------------------------------------------- Face massage (men), with vibrator---------------------- ----------- Standard tonic------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- Face massage (Women).---------------------------------------- 1. Clay pack------------------------------------------------------- Manicure------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - r = ~ * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Round curl------------------------------------------------------ Finger Wave----------------------------------------------------- Water Wave----------------------------------------------------- GUIDES, HORSES, AND SPECIAL TRIPS Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from all hotels (rates do not include guide service): Perfull day, 8 hours----------------------------------------- Per half day, 4 hours----------------------------------------- 75—1.00 00–1. 50 for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours------------------------------------- * * * * * * Per half day of 4 hours----------------------------------- * * * as Per hour----------------- . 75 5. 00 3. 00 1, 00 76 TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: - - Canyon Hotel- . . . - To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) - - $2.50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) - 3. 00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles)----------------- 3. 00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles)------------------ 3. 00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles)------------------- 4. 00 To Devil's Ink Well and return (8 miles) -------------------- 4. 00 Old Faithful Inn— - - To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles)-------------------- 2. 50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles).------------------------ 3. 00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles)-------------------- – 4, 00 Mammoth Hotel— . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ------------ 4.00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) --------- 4. 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) - 4.00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles)----- – 2, 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles)-------------------- 2. 00 Foot of Electric Peak and return— - - For 1 person---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each------- - - - - - - - 6. 00 NEws STANDs . Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either hotels or lodges. - - - Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES Bell System long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. Bell System long distance is available at the following points within the park: Mammoth Telephone Office, Mammoth Information Bureau, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Old Faithful Ranger Station, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Lake Ranger Station, Canyon Hotel, Canyon Lodge, Canyon Ranger Station, West Yellowstone Post Office, and West Yellow- stone Ranger Station. Standard Bell System rates between points in the park are as follows: Station-to-station day rates Canyon to Lake---------------------- - - $0. 10 Canyon to Mammoth----------------- . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful-------------------------------------------- . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone--------------------------------------- . 30 Lake to Canyon------------- - - - ----------------- . 10 Lake to Mammoth------------------------------------------------ . 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 77 Lake to West Yellowstone----------------------------------------- $0.30 Mammoth to Canyon----------------------- =--------------------- . 20 Mammoth to Lake------------------------------------------------ . 30 Mammoth to Old Faithful.----------------------------------------- . 35 Mammoth to West Yellowstone------------------------------------ . 30 Old Faithful to Canyon------------------------------------------- . 25 Old Faithful to Lake---------------------------------------------- . 20 Old Faithful to Mammoth----------------------------------------- . 35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone----------------------------------- . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon--------------------------------------- . 30 West Yellowstone to Lake----------------------------------------- . 30 West Yellowstone to Mammoth- - - - - - - - - - - - - - * --------------------- . 30 West Yellowstone to Old Faithful----------------------------------- . 15 YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS CO. The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern Entrance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Com- pany is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. The authorized rates at the lodges are as follows: RATES of THE YELLowsToME PARK LoDGE & CAMPs Co. LODGE RATES 4%-day tours: 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transporta- tion Co - * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - sm * * * * - - - - - - - as sº m ms - - - - - - - - - - $20. 00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the camps company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between . the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan operation. Meals and lodging, American plan: Per day--------------------------------- '- - - - - - - = * * * - - - - - - - - 4, 50 Breakfast----------------------------------------------- 1. 00 Lunch-------------------------------------------------- - 1, 00 Dinner-------------- ----------------------------------- 1. 00 Lodging and breakfast----------------------------------- 2. 50 Meals served in guests' sleeping tents, extra, each---------------- . 25 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge: Breakfast---------------------------------------------------- 1. 00 Lunch------------------------------------------------------ 1. 50 Pinner----------------------------------------------------- 1. 00 Lodging----------------------------------------------- ----- 1. 50 38173°–29—6 - - 78 YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK HOUSEKEEPING TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Canvas and frame cabin occupied by 1 person, per day--------------- $0.75 Canvas and frame cabin occupied by 2 or more persons, per day, per person . 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or cabin, 1 double bedstead, 1 bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 table, 1 bench. Double tent or cabin, 2 double bedsteads, 2 bed springs, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benches. Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the follow- ing items: * Standard-size mattress for 2 people, per day--------------------- . 25 Single size mattress for 1 person, per day----------------------- . 25 Blanket, per day---- : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 25 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, set, per day------ . 40 Use of above set of linen, each additional day------------------- . 25 Coffeepot, frying pan, each article, per day---------------------- . 05 Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day---------------------------- . . 05 Cup and plate, set, per day---- *--- - = . 05 Sawed and split wood, per cubic foot--------------------------- . 20 . Lodging in fully equipped tent or cabin, 1 person, per day---------- 1. 50 (Children under 8, half rate; children in arms free.) In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), and West Thumb auto camps, cafeteria service is available, and near the Canyon Public Automobile Camp cafeteria service is also available. At Tower Falls auto camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful auto camp grounds at reasonable prices. BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave------------------------------------------------------- $0.25 Neck shave-------------------------------------------------- , 10 Hair cutting (men).-------------------------------------------- . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style----------------------------------- . 75 Straight bob---------------------------------- --------------- . 60 Shingle, back only-------------------------------------------- . 50 All other hair cuts for Women---------------------------------- . 75 Shampoo (men), plain----------------------------------------- . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair)--------------------------- . 75–1. 00 Women's shampoo (long hair)------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 00–1. 50 Rinses---------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , 25— . 75 Head massage------------------------------------------------ . 50 Scalp treatment-------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - * - - - - - - - -- ~ * ~ * - - - 1.00 Face massage (men).----- - • * . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator------------------------------ . 75 Standard tonic----------------------------------------------- . 25 Face massage (women).------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 00–1. 50 Clay pack------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 50 Women's marcel-- - . 75–1.00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ? Round curl * -- *-- ~ : $0. 75 Finger wave- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -s ºms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 00 Water Wave---------------------------------------------- ---- 1. 00 Women's hair dressing, plain------ ------------ . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy----------------------------------- 1. 00–2, 00 Bath--------------------------------------------------------- 50 Swimming pool: Admission, suit, and towel------------------------ - Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5 no charge).--------------- . 25 Shoe polish----------------------------------------- -- - - - - - - * * *s . 15 GUIDEs, HoRSES, AND CONVEYANCES Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges (rates do not include guide service): Per full day, 8 hours---------------- Per half day, 4 hours------------------------------------------ Per hour----------------------------------------------------- (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle horse-parties: Personally eonducted saddle-horse trips eseorted by mounted guides are available from the fellowing lodges: Canyon Lodge— - To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles)------------------- To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles)---- To Elk Park and return (9 miles)----------------------------- To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) ------------------------ Mammoth Lodge— - - To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles)-------------- To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles)--------... - - - To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles) --------------- Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles)---------------------- To foot of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person------------------ - For 2 or more persons, each----------------------------- Old Faithful Lodge— To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles)------------ ,- - - - - s.sºs = * * * * * To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) --------- ,- - - - - - -s ºn - - - - To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles)--- Roosevelt Lodge— To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles)– To Tower Falls and return (4 miles)– To Lost Lake and return (4 miles)---- $3.50 2. 50 . 75 3. 00 2. 00 2. 50 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 4. 00 2. 59 2. 00 3. 50 6. 00 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Fishing trips from all lodges: . - - - - All day, 8 hours - $5. 00 Three-fourths day, 6 hours w 4.00 One-half day, 4 hours------------------------------------------ 3. 00 All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. Cost per day - - per person 1 person--- . -- $27, 00 2 persons--- -------------------- 17.00 8 persons------------ ---------------------- 14. 00 4 persons---------------------- - - ------ - - - - 13.00 5 persons-------------------------------------------------------- 12. 00 6 persons - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - -- 11.00 7 persons or more---------------------------- -------------------- 10.00 - - FISHING TACKLE Outfit, consisting or rod, reel, line, and landing net: First day------------------------------- . - $0.50 Each additional day------------------------------------------ . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodges. - Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing chargcs on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES (See Bell System long-distance telephone rates, p. 76.) ACCOMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON Meals and lodgings can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Lake stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gasoline and groceries may be procured at approved prices. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any Season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 81 stands in various hotels and camps for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted enlargements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guide books; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. SCHEDULE OF RATES OF THE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPHER Haynes Guide Book, current edition (enlarged) ------------ $0.90 and $1.50 Sepia photographs, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60 . 75–25. 00 Hand-painted pictures, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60–––––––––––––––––– . 40–50, 00 Black and white photographs, miniatures, sets of 12–––––––––––––– . 25 Black and white photographs, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21–––––––––––––––––– . 10–3. 50 Lantern slides, hand painted, each, $1.50; Set of 100------------- 125, 00 . Masterpieces album, 12 colored pictures 2.00 Treasures album, 20 colored pictures 1. 25 Souvenir album, sepia, rotogravure, many pictures . 25. Colorgraphs, set of 12 in full color - 1. 50 Color photogravures de luxe, 8 by 9%–14 by 24 . 35–2, 00 Hand-painted transparencies, 7 by 10, $9.25; 12 by 17------------ 18. 65. Souvenir playing cards, de luxe deck, 53 views------------------ 1.25 Souvenir playing cards, Old Faithful Backs, colored.--------------- 1. 00 Gem folders, 24 colored pictures . - - . 25 Scenic gems of the Yellowstone, 24 pictures, 25 cents; set of 5––––– 1. 00 Souvenir folders, 18 views each, 15 cents; 2 for . 25 Souvenir post cards in color, 3 for 5 cents; per dozen-------------- . 20 Set of 100 souvenir post cards in color, per Set 1. 00 Set of 50 souvenir post cards in color, per set .50 Frames, games, maps, paintings, sand Souvenirs, books, albums, and other pictorial souvenirs, apparatus, and Supplies at current prices. Developing: - - - - * 6 and 8 exposure roll films, 1% by 1% to 5 by 7–––––––––––––– . 15–. 50 10 and 12 exposure roll films, 1% by 2% to 4 by 5–––––––––––– . . 25—. 45 12 exposure film packs, 1% by 2% to 5 by 7–––––––––––––––––– . 30– 65 Prints, glossy, ferrotyped (dull finish 1 cent each extra) : - - 1% by 1% to 2% by 2% . 05% 2% by 3% . 06 2% by 4% - - - . O7 3% by 3% . 0.7% 2% by 4% to 3% by 4%–––– , . . 08 3 by 5% to 3% by 5% - . 09. 4 by 5 to 4% by 6%, 10 cents to . 15 5 by 7 . . . 20 Repair service On apparatus and equipment, per hour------------- 1.00 Roll film, film packs, cine film, cine library film, kodaks, cameras, cine kodaks, Filmo cameras, projectors, accessories, and supplies at current prices. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs, a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio 82 Tº F.LLOWSTQſNTE NATHG) NAT, PARK Shop, Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shep, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto carap a combined lunch room and dedicatessen. - At Old Faithful, Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates a general store, with store and delicatessen located in public auto camp for campers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) gen- eral stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto Camp. - At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the canyon district. - - At Tower Falls a general store is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to complete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, films, photographs, post cards, tobacco, and Smokers’ supplies, etc. In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, and smokers' supplies, etc., are also available. . . - All store and news stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve auto campers, weather permitting. Be- fore and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Faithful and Lake stores. - TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11 passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the tourist season, regardless of weather or volume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and outgoing trains at the various park gateways. The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the seenie regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK , 83 RATES OF YELLOWSTONE PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. . PARK TO UR - From any entrance, full park tour, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance - $25.00 NoTE.—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander gateways, applies only in connection with authorized paid rail tickets of Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Rail- way. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Rail- way passengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont. ; ofberwise extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrance to the park, West Yellow- stone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets from east of O'Neill, Nebr. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Lander to south entrance of park, or vice versa, is $16.50. - On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, each passenger, extra - 2.00 On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G-C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G-W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra - On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue - - same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- - able at Canyon, each passenger, extra - 5.00 From Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, 5. 00 extra 12, 50 SIBE TRIPS From Mammoth: . - - - - Terraces and Buffalo Corral----------------------------------- 1. 00 Gardiner and return------------------------------------------ 1. 50 Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls---------- 2, 50 Roosevelt. Lodge (Tower Falls Junetion)— One way------------------- - - - 3. 50 - Round trip--------------------- - - ---- 7.00 From Old Faithful: * - - Hurry trips to geysers------- 1. 00 Black Sand Basin---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 00 Lone Star Geyser-------------------------------------------- 1. 50 Jackson Lake and Teton Mountains and return to Yellowstone Lake, for holders of regular park transportation tickets, each passenger- 12.50 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - & From Canyon: - Top of Mount Washburn and return--------------------------- Either side of canyon----------------------------------------- .. From Roosevelt Lodge (minimum 5 fares): Soda Butte and return---------------------------------------- Cooke City and return----------------------------------- .* * = = - LOCAL FARES - (On busses operating on regular schedule) Gardiner to: West Yellowstone-------------------------------------------- Old Faithful------------------------------------------------- Canyon (via Norris)------------------------------------------ West Yellowstone to: Old Faithful------------------------------------------------- Mammoth- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gardiner---------------------------------------------------- NotE.—Passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day to Canyon, provided accommodations are available at Canyon, each passenger, extra, $5. Lake to: - Cody to: Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge--------------------------------- Mammoth to: Gardiner---------------------------------------------------- Old Faithful------------------------------------------------- Canyon (via Norris)------------------------------------------ Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to: $4.00 1. 00 5. 00. 14. 00 . 75 4. 75. 10. 25 10. 25 6. 75 6. 00 9. 50. 10. 25. 6. 00. 4. 00. 7. 00 10. 00. 6. 00. 10, 00 12. 50 22. 50 3. 00. 11. 00 6. 50 12. 50 12, 50 22. 50 15. 50 . 75 4. 00 9. 50 ° 10. 00 6. 00. Mammoth- - - - J - - - - tº emº ºm me 6. 50 12. 50 6. 00 10. 00 9. 00 17. 50. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 85 Canyon to: - - - Lake--------------------- $3.00 Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge---------- 9. 00 Cody------------------------------------------------------- 15, 50 . West Yellowstone (via Norris)------------ - - 7. 50 Old Faithful------------------------------------------------- 8.00 Tower Falls------------------------------------------------- 4. 00 Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge).------------------------------ 8. 00 Mammoth (via Norris)--------------------------------------- 6. 00 Gardiner (via Roosevelt Lodge).---------------------*- - - - - - - - - - - 8. 75 Gardiner (via Norris)--------------------- 6. 75 Roosevelt Lodge to: Mammoth--------------- - gº ºm * - 3. 50 Gardiner------------ * * * * * * * * - m sº mº º sm tº * * 4, 25 Moran, Wyo., to: . Yellowstone Lake-------------------------------------------- 10. 00 Canyon---------------------------------------- ------------- 13. 00 Old Faithful (via Thumb, Lake, and Thumb)-------------------- 10, 50 West Yellowstone (via Lake, Canyon, and Norris) --------------- 21. 25 Gardiner (via Lake, Canyon, Roosevelt. Lodge, and Mammoth) ----- 21. 75 Cody (via Thumb and Lake).---------------------------------- 22, 25 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to: West Yellowstone, one way------------------------------------ 10. 00 Round trip-------------------------------------------------- 17. 50 RATES For CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. * IB.A.G.G.A.G.E-TRUINKS Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk---------------------------------- $1.00 Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. SPECIAL ADTOMOBILE SERVICE Special touring cars for complete park tours (minimum 5 fares), at $25 plus $25 per day, from the time car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateway, railway terminal, or station in the park. Six-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour 6.00 Storage, per day - - . 50 GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates a speed boat, power boats, and row- boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part 86 YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. No power boats are per- mitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. - RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT CO. - º SPEED BOAT Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger____ $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares}___________ 3. (){} Half-hour trips, per p C- - 1.00 POWER BOATS Excursions to southeast arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made - for less than $40) 2. 00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: - Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle) - 20. 00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackie) 3. 50 & Rowboats Per day, 8 hours—------. - 2. 50 Per hour . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock, near Lake Hotel, and from general store, near dock at West Thumb. ROWBOATS EQUIPPED WITH MOTORS Per day, 8 hours - $10.00 Per hour r - 2, 50 Boat rental and services of motor boat and attendants’ time commence at time of leaving the dock until return; or if boat is engaged in advance, charges start from time for which boat is engaged. FISEIING TACELE) Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day----------------- $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. - Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. BATHHOUSE, UPPER GEYSER BASIN (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) Swimming pool, including use of bathing suit - $0.50 Private pool, one person, with or without bathing suit - 1. 00 Two or more persons using same private pool, charge for second and each additional perSOh, with or without bathing Suit - . 50 Tub bath l - . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (Iess than 5, no charge).---------—----- . 25 Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by scoutmaster .25 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 87 Stockings, each pair $0.25 *Caps - 25 Caps, higher grade,-- - - . 50 §hoes-- - - 1. 30 USe Of inflated floats 25 AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUND Showers - - 25 Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof ~. . 25 Electric irons, per hour or fraction thereof 25 PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces wast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern tourists has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the parlance of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. - - Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude.” ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904 when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton brothers “Dude Ranch * at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellowstone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North of Sheridan, in the Birney, Mont., ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are dis- covered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois, Wyo., dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip of both 88 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crów and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is un- equaled. CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters and their tourist rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS IJ. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 20 CENTS PER COPY V Fountain Geyser LOWER GEYSER BAS||N - Bºº" tº --- Photographs by Col. C. H. Birdseye, U. S. Geological Survey. Terrace Falls Union Falls |N THE FALLS RIVER SECTION Haynes Photograph. OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK º º UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HORACE. M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING THE IMPERIAL GEYSER Season from June 20 to September 19 Photo by Joseph Joffe º - Haynes Photograph CAMPING IN MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOMOBILE CAMP As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the tourist season _DEPOSITED BY THE 9NITED STATES OF AMERICA 3"/ 2 2/3 o The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this infor- mation circular and contains more illustrations and historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. C O N T E N T S - - Page General description - - 1 The geysers-------------------------------------------------- 2 Other hot-water phenomena------------------------------------ 3 Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone------------------------------- 3 Dunraven Pass and Tower"Falls-------------------------------- 4 Remarkable fossil forests--------------------------------------- 5 Great wild-life refuge i---------------- 5 Bears-------------------------------------------------------- 7 Trout fishing------------------------------------------------- 7 The Grand Teton National Park-------------------------------- 8 Sylvan Pass and the Red Canyon of the Shoshone.---------------- 9 t The trail system-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 Administration of the park----------------------------------------- 10 Protection of the park-------- --------------------------------- 11 The Guide, Lecture, and Museum Service------------------------ 11 The rules and regulations-------------------------------------- 11 The tourist season.----------------- -------------------------------- 12 Railroad information---------------------------------------------- 12 Detailed travel information------------------------------------- 14 Transportation and accommodations-------------------------------- 14 Telegrams-------------------------------------------------------- 15 Post office----------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - 15 Automobile highway information------------------------------------ 15 Automobiles in the park-------------- ----------------------------- 18 Free camp grounds-------------------------------------------- 18 Gasoline, oil, etc.---------------------------------------------- 18 Fuel---------------------------------------------------- 18 The park milepost system----------------------------------------- 18 Yellowstone Park tour—Principal points of interest.------------------ 20 Gardiner, the northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.)---------------------------------- - — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 20 The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------- 21 Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------------- 24 Mountain climbing------------------------------------ 25 Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------- 25 Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)---------------- 27 Norris Junction (N.J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------- 27 Norris Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- 27 Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon----------------- 29 91964°–30—1 I II * CONTENTS Yellowstone Park tour—Principal points of interest—Continued. Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.)----------------- Lower Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Midway Geyser Basin ------------------------------------- Upper Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Trails and side trips from Old Faithful----------------------- Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.)-- The West Thumb (W. T.) --------------------------------- West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.) -------------------- Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge-------------------------------- Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge----------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.)-------------------------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.) ----------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.)----------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------------- Grand Canyon-------------------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) ----------- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.).-------------------------------- Side trips from Tower Falls Junction afid Roosevelt Lodge----- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) -- - - - West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------------------------------------- Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.) -- Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.)------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke City, Mont----------------- , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bozeman, Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance (W. E.)---------------------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park trails-------------------------------------------- Howard Eaton Trail------------------------------------------- Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances_ _ _ _ Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs--------------------------- Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles----- Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone--------------------- Norris Geyser Basin------------------------------------------- Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin) ------------- Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin) ------------------ Fishing in the Yellowstone Park------------------------------------ Wild animals----------------------------------------------------- Trees------------------------------------------------------------ Rules, and regulations: General regulations-------------------------------------------- Automobile and motor-cycle regulations-------------------------- Maps------------------------------------------------------------ Literature: Government publications--------------------------------------- Distributed free by the National Park Service---------------- Sold by the Superintendent of Documents.-------------------- References---------------------------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — Other national parks------------------------------------------ Page 30 31 33 34 36 39 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 45 45 47 47 48 50 52 National monuments------------------------------------------ 52 53 53 54 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 60 61 62 67 71 71 71 72 73 76 76 CONTENTS III Pago Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1930-------------------- 76 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co------------------------------------ 76 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co- - - - - --------------------- - 79 Accommodations before and after season.------------------------- 83 Photographs of the park--------------------------------------- 83 Stores and news stands---------------------------------------- 84 Transportation in the park------------------------------------- 85 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake------------------------------- 88 Bathhouse, Upper Geyser Basin - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------- 89 Personally conducted camping parties- - - - - - --------------------- 90 Dude (tourist) ranches------------------------------------ 90 Camping parties with licensed guides - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 91 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS COVER Imperial Geyser-------------------------------------------- Outside front Madison Junction Museum------------------------------------ Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp ----------- Inside front Fountain Geyser-------------------------------------------- Inside back Falls in Falls River section------------------------------------ Inside back Old Faithful Geyser----------------------------------------------- Back TEXT Page Ideal section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests--------------------------------------- 6 Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National Park and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson Lake---------------------------------------------------------- 9 Map showing railroad routes connecting the western national parks- - - - - - 13 Map showing automobile routes connecting the western national parks- - - 17 Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs.------------------------------- 23 Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin --------------------------------- 28 Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin -- - - - - - - - - - - - -------------------- 32 Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -------------- 35 Map of Yellowstone Park---------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42 Sketch map of Grand Canyon-------------------------------------- 45 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 21; total area, 12,118 square miles] Name of park Location Area in square Iniles Acadia Maine coast--. 1919 General Grant-------- 1890 Glacier--------------- 1910 Grand Canyon------- Grand Teton--------- 1929 Hawaii Southwestern Utah------- Southwestern Oregon----- Middle eastern California- Northwestern Montana--- North central Arizona----- Northwestern Wyoming--| TIawaii 1916 Hot Springs---------- 192 Lassen Volcanic------ 1916 - Mount McKinley---- 1917 w Mount Rainier------- 1899 Sullys Hill Middle Arkansas--------- Northern California------- Southwestern Colorado--- South central Alaska------ West central Washington.-- Southern Oklahoma------- North middle Colorado--- Middle eastern California- North Dakota Wind Cave----------- 1903 Yellowstone---------- 1872 South Dakota------------- Northwestern Wyoming, southwestern Montana, and northeastern Idaho. Middle eastern California- Southwestern Utah------- 16 1,534 1,009 1% 163 2,645 325 1% 378 1% 17 3,426 120 Distinctive characteristics The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island and also bold point on opposite mainland across Frenchmans Bay—Formerly called the Lafayette Na- tional Park. Box canyon filled with countless array of fantastically eroded pinnacles—Best ex- hibit of vivid coloring of earth’s materials. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of ex- inct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—In- teresting lava formations—Fine fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, .40.3 feet in diameter—31 miles by trail from Sequoia National Park. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty— Small glaciers— Precipices thousands of feet deep— Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. *. The greatest example of erosion and the most sublime spectacle in the World. Includes most spectacular portion of Teton Nº. a granite uplift of unusual eur Interesting volcanig areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa, active Volcanoes on the island of Hawaii; Haleakala, a huge ex- tinct volcano on the island of Maui. 46 hot springs said to possess healing proper- ties—Many hotels and boarding houses— 19 bathhouses under Government super- vision. Reserved by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Reservation to prevent exploitation of hot waters. Only active volcano in United States proper—Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet—Cinder Cone, 6,913, feet—Hot springs—Mud geysers. Most notable and best preserved prehis- toric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. . Highest mountain in North America— Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. Largest accessibie single peak glacier sys- tem; 28 glaciers, Some of large size; 48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful Subalpine wild-flower fields. - Sulphur and other Springs possessing me- dicinal value. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. The Big Tree National Park—Scores of Se- quoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter, General Sherman Tree, 37.3 feet in diameter and 273.9 feet high—Towering mountain ranges—Start- ling precipices—Mount Whitney and Kern River Country. Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is a wild-animal preserve. Cavern having several miles of galleries and numerous chambers containing peculiar formations. of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gor- geous coloring—Large lakes—Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wilderness, one of the greatest wild bird and animal preserves in the world—Exceptional’ trout fishing. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Romantic vistas—Many water- falls of extraordinary height—3 groves of ig rees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and scenic interest. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revising its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. r The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our national parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other geyser basins of . prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. - The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geo- logical speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the con- formation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is sug- gestive even to the unscientific eye. * Of the park area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 245 square miles within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles within the State of Idaho. 1. 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and River- side, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - . At last the steam from the water in the bottom expands so rapidly under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so the water bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the superheated water below, which instantly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, accord- ing to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at the Old Faithful Museum. This geyser, when in action, plays at short regular intervals. The water is heated electrically in a metal tube and finds its way to the surface through a winding tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 3 OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water pours over the edges of these carved basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them with hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. . . . . The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well- marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust . is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many in- stances beautifully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver, - GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wondels in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE \ most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon * without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. - - Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious kaleidoscope of color. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. - There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. . . - DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dânraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 5 few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE Fossil Forests The fossil forests of Yellowstone Park may be found over exten- sive areas in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an ap- proach to Amethyst Mountain. One traversing the valley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level, but occur at irregular heights; in fact, a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest grew and was entombed by volcanic ash there was a time without volcanic outburst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and preserved, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less regular alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years and no geologist would dare to predict that within a few thousand years the forests of the Yellowstone will not again be buried by volcanic ash, on the top of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and in the eastern portion of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. In the northwest corner of the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, between the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, covering more than 35,000 acres and containing many wonderful upright trunks, exists. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. tº GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most suc- cessful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,426 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 307 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ãº; : §: ~ =3 § º º § #&# ×22} º - J Sº § Sººr Pº2 tººl ºš Flº- - º cº º: Yºkº º ºfºº ãº:===#5- §: Sºsº º ;: & *Nº. -w a-F § Q-º-º-º: º Ež º 3-ººººººººººº. š §§ =# E=º - Fºº-º-º-º: sºſtº § ºš º zºº ~. ~ Eººp as º §§ ºftº:#Eº ====f Fºº:::::: ºśtº IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET of BEDs of SPECIMIEN RIDGE, showING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FOREST.S. AFTER HOLMES YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7 and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders' camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. - BEARS Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious are proved by our national parks’ experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to molest, touch, or tease the bears. - The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the same species—the blonds and brunettes of the same family, so to speak—are numerous in the park. They are greedy and steal camp. supplies whenever they can. Food left in cars tempts bears to cause damage. Visitors must not feed bears as this has resulted in the past in many injuries, some of which have been severe. No bears are , safe and many are dangerous. - This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of a thousand buffalo. It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellow- stone Lake. TROUT FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain great size. Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. - The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. Detailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 59. . THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraor- dinary, massing of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclama- tion dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actu- ally to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man’” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - —ºw - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of con- tributing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. - The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone National Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAREC Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 50 miles, and an addi- tional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes, as well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Mountains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey required. Auto- mobile stages run from Yellow st on e Park to Moran and back, on reg- ular schedule. SYLVAN PASS AND THE RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red - walled canyon so vividly colored and so remark a b ly carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints it- self indelibly upon mem- ory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock sh a pes silhouette d against the sky. And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won ; # ### -- g: ; ----- - . # # :* | § ; (i. ! § § § § ; º •º. . \ -* ſ / . N 8 c;S§ s § L8 o N : : ; | É S§ § ; A W 2% & l NSN ; 3 - ; Cl. § § º ~5 | 3 3GIAlcº Tiv.–N3 N1-LNO g 3. YRIWö ano.LSMOTITHX - - O ... 3MIT Humos § N s f 8 § liſ tr. o it. u) > 2 #3 # s: O º º # # 3 { N. E3: tºo :) b- tº ºr §3 O \\?'. #N - =S_2: - 2’ſ- nº } : Z At Nºv. r * * #: > É - % #5 2: z 22%/y -> wº 2% 83 s - s { % #; & N. z - z - º —arº (§ §§ wn ---ºf -ºs. ū ū. Lº; - *- J P- O to-1 \ N. * Nº.3 H Q . o § 3 8 § $2 – iſ ſº to to tº # ; ; ; ; ; § 3 ; - 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. - THE TRAIL SYSTEM Yellowstone National Park was finally motorized in 1917. The reduction of time required to travel between points of special in- terest, permits the visitor to spend a far greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sightseeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping equipment. - To facilitate the protection of the park and to meet the needs of visitors, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before start- ing, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 53 to 56 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. --- ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the execu- tive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and super- vision. - g The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 11 Wyo. All complaints and suggestions regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless tourists. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given evenings, and the service is ren- dered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. . . The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in a building near the superintendent's office at Mammoth and at the Old Faithful Museum. This is a free service for all tourists. Circulars of general information regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellow- stone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on Geysers, Geological History, Fossil Forests, and Fishes of the Yellowstone are on Sale at nominal charges, and also topographical maps of this park. A small museum of the natural history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau at . Mammoth. A branch museum devoted largely to geyser activity and its products is situated at Old Faithful between the inn and the auto camp. A trail-side museum at Norris Geyser Basin is devoted to the thermal features of the area, and one at Madison Junction is devoted to historical events of the park. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 62–71, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States Commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum. 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 2 THE TOURIST SEASON The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. (See p. 83.) Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- road also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific System reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont.; the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 54 miles; and the Chicago & North Western Railroad has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 174 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily automobile service. - During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these five gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other four. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde. - Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations, will find stop- over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Poca- tello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets; or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round- trip tickets. Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sightseeing ” tour of the park of about five days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park, The National Park Service, however, recommends to the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 13 traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. . A. mºzzzzzzzzzz - zººnºsº tº sº; g ºl RSº Maº N D. A. K. MAP SHOWING RAILROAD RouTEs connECTING THE WESTERN NATIONAL PARKS Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers 91964°–30—2 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK enter the park, i. e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. - ,” & DETAILED TRAVEL INFORMATION For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. N TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS There are four hotels, six lodges, and an automobile transporta- tion line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 67 to 71, inclusive. For authorized rates of the public utilities see last pages of this book. The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for pas- sengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. - Liability of transportation company for loss of baggage in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. ~, Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. Tourists desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, West Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge (the outlet of Yellow- stone Lake), the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. Photo finishing plants are operated at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), and photographs, enlargements, souvenir post cards, and other photographic supplies are available at these stores. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 15 TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of un- delivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. PoST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad tourists are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depend- ing upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth Hotel and Mam- moth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mam- moth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal sta- tions in the park at Old Faithful, Lake Outlet, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. - AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION The Yellowstone National Park may be reached by motorists over good connecting automobile roads from a number of the main trans- continental automobile highways. Gardiner, the northern entrance to the park, is reached from Livingston, Mont., on both the National Parks Highway and the Yellowstone Trail, which traverse Montana by approximately the same route. A map and information concern- ing the National Parks Highway can be obtained from the National Parks Highway Association, Spokane, Wash. Information concern- ing the Yellowstone Trail can be obtained from the Yellowstone Trail Association, Minneapolis, Minn. 16 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK The Cody or eastern entrance may be reached from the National Parks Highway or Yellowstone Trail by turning south from Bill- ings, Mont., and following the main traveled highway via Laurel, Bridger, and Powell to Cody, Wyo. - - - - West Yellowstone at the western entrance can be reached from the above main highways from Bozeman, Mont., traveling up the Galla- tin Valley, and from Missoula or Butte, Mont., via the Ruby Valley or the valley of the Madison River. Inquiry should be made at the various cities concerning road conditions. . . The Lincoln Highway traverses southern Wyoming, and motorists traveling this route may reach Yellowstone Park by the eastern or Cody entrance by turning north at Cheyenne and following the Yel- lowstone Highway via Casper, Thermopolis, and Cody, or they may reach West Yellowstone, the western entrance, by turning north at Salt Lake City and following the main traveled road through Idaho via Ogden, Utah, and Pocatello and Idaho Falls. The southern or Snake River entrance is reached from this Idaho highway by turning -east at Sugar City, crossing the Teton Basin, thence crossing the Teton Mountains via the Teton Pass into the Jackson Hole country. This trip affords wonderful views of the Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Lake. The southern entrance may also be reached from the Lincoln Highway via Lander, Dubois, Togwotee Pass, and Moran, leaving the Lincoln Highway at Rawlins, Wyo., or turning north from the highway at Rock Springs, by using the Hoback Canyon route, via Pinedale, Hoback Canyon, Jackson, and Moran. The Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific Highway also enters the park by way of Lander after crossing Wyoming from the Black Hills. . For in- formation concerning this highway write to the secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. . - - Yellowstone Park is also reached through the Cody or eastern entrance by the Black and Yellow Trail, and the Custer Battlefield Hiway, both of which traverse the Black Hills and give direct access to the Custer State Park and the Wind Cave National Park of South Dakota, and the Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; both also cross the Big Horn Mountains. The Custer Battlefield Hiway also leads to Glacier Park, and by taking the main highways west from Billings, Mont., travelers on this route may reach the north gateway of the Yellowstone. For information concerning the Black and Yellow Trail, address the Huron Chamber of Commerce, Huron, S. Dak. Address W. D. Fisher, secretary, Custer Battlefield Hiway, Mitchell, S. Dak., for information relative to this highway. From Glacier National Park tourists may reach Yellowstone by any one of the following routes: - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 17 The Geysers-to-Glaciers Trail via Choteau, Wolf Creek Canyon, Helena, Three Forks, Bozeman, and West Yellowstone. . . The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line via Choteau, Great Falls, White Sulphur Springs, and Livingston. r g * * * *** * * * MAP S.How ING AUTOMOBILE ROUTES CONNECTING THE WESTERN NATIONAL PARKS The Flathead Valley Route via Kalispell, Missoula, Butte, Boze- man, and Livingston, or by turning off at Butte or Bozeman, routes as above discussed, leading to the western entrance, may be fol- lowed. ... - . . . . I8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Most of our national parks are linked together by the National Park-to-Park Highway, dedicated in 1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 68.) - FREE CAMP GROUNDS A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improve- ment. In these camp grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is available at nominal cost. Cooking grates. are provided. These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of cars. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of interest, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to sanitation in all camp grounds. GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company carries a stock of standard automobile parts, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, outlet of Lake Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. FUEL “Wood cafeterias” are operated by the Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. - - THE PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond- shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case ini- tials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have sometimes been YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 19 dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gate- way, and Mammoth. Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. - . f The following is a key to the milepost initials: |N. E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. East entrance, 54 miles West of Cody, Wyo. S. E. South entrance, 27 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop system. N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. - W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop System. - - - L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop System. . C. J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park fro the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J. Tower Falls Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke City leaves the loop system. C. C. Cooke City entrance, on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Falls Junction. Mt. W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. . As the map between pages 42 and 43 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop " Highway. There are 141.8 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they - lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 71.3 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 94.3 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 28 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone National Forest and 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest. -e- 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK YELLOWSTONE PARK TOUR-PRINCIPAL POINTS OF . * , , INTEREST - * GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)2 - (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no good camp site near the town. The Mammoth automobile camp is located on the eastern edge of Mammoth Hot Springs, near the headquar- ters power plant, slightly over 4 miles from Gardiner. This is the first camping site upon entering the park from the north. The dis- tance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along the Gardiner River. . Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. . Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 114 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mam- moth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is ob- tained a magnificient view to the south and east. It is named from a tomblike rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. ... Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as im- * The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop . road at Madison Junction (M. J.) 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 30.) The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 47. The road from the Southern entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 40.) The route from the southern entrance is given on p. 50. The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L. J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 41.) The route from Cody is given on p. 48. i YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 21 plied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 11% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the Superintendent's Office; United States Commissioner's Office; Mammoth Information Office and Museum; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park (Wyo.), post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. The road forks one-half mile farther south at the top of the hill. Mammoth Lodge is straight ahead. The main highway to the right leads to a loop road around the hot spring formations as well as to Norris Geyser Basin. Follow the road one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge to the buffalo corral where a small herd of buffalo may be seen. There is a small camp site near the buffalo corral. The main attractions in the Mammoth region are the large and beautiful hot springs and terraces. No private camping is permitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 7.4 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS In seeing the springs and terraces the directions here given are usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyser- ite. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Objects lying for a day or two in the water fre- quently show a substantial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a tempera- ture of 180° F. . From Liberty Cap the trail goes to the north and around New Hymen Terrace to the arch designating the Terrace Trail. After partly circling Old Hymen. Terrace, which is only occasionally active, the trail leads to Devils Thumb, similar in origin to Liberty Cap. 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The trail now climbs to Mound Terrace and Minerva Terrace with its Grotto. A With Main Terrace to the left, the trail bears to the right past Cleopatra Terrace, then up the stairs and along the top of a ridge which was once an active terrace similar to Marrow Gauge Terrace, which is next. These two formations were built up by springs which emerged along a fissure. - Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now ex- tinct. From this place the trial parallels the auto road past The Buttress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring Mound, a prominent knob of travertine (hot springs deposit) which is slowly building up. From here the trail branches to the left and goes di- rectly to the Devils Kitchen. The trail branching to the right passes Stygian Caves, White Elephant Back Terrace and eventually leads to Devils Kitchen. Since these features lack the interest which they once held, the trail has been shortened to go directly to the Devils Kitchen, the fissure of an ancient hot spring. The tour- ist should note that this is the only opening that is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small ani- mals fall victims annually to the gas, especially in the Stygian Caves which are the most dangerous of all. The Kitchen marks the high point of the Terrace Trail. From here it leads down past New Highland Terrace, Glen Springs, Old Angel, and on to Angel Ter- pace. The latter is considered by many to be the most beautiful of all the terraces. The numerous dead trees found here are not petri- fied but are well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. - - From Angel Terrace the trail goes over the ridge to the north, thence down to Blue Springs. By standing near these powerful springs or at a point near Canary Spring, once quite active and lo- cated just south of Blue Springs, one can observe the wonderful colorings of the pools and terraces. The color is due to micro- scopic plants called algae, which give shades varying from delicate peach, through brown to dark green. Long stands of a yellow- colored substance may be noticed in places. Most of this yellow is caused by minute forms of life known as bacteria. At many places upon the broad bench of Jupiter Terrace, the springs present the appearance of boiling, though most of their temperatures are far below the boiling point, which is approximately 198° F. at this altitude. The violent agitation is due to the escape of gases, largely carbonic acid gas. From Canary Spring the trail leads down along- side Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot spring terrace in the world, past YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 A © &Y & *** * * * sº & •: * … MAMMOTH S_2 < HOTEL §§22° " / *. sº ºpg|WER fººt/SE 70 rowfºr FAtt se" . * tº reltowsrows Pººr's geºgºt. StrºRE’ *} Gąs Fittiwig &rArroy Capitol Hill wº tºtfrºſt) sittº ** cººp tº MREHøtſSE SS § Liberty Gap *. } :*o z Hymen /o Devil Thumb sº Terrace/ **e & 1. •º Old Palette Spring *m. Q – ~~ ~~~~~~ ºv Minerva Y Terrace #!/ z / cSã' / • / . . . Pulpit º, A *t, * .* _z Mound Terrace • * Terrace - . Cleopatra Terrace 2^ . Jupiter espe:33: 2. - tº: * , Main *:: Terrace 2 * Terrace º sº T0 Buffalº sessive *= - * * HERD * zº * . . Jupiter z © @ Springs / f Blue A SS Springs <} Ganaſy. ^. 23° * . Spring Narrow \, ...yo” 6/ sº ...------ \{* & & N Gauge \ Terrace & / & / \ § - Glen Spring * New Highland ..º.º.” § º errace ...” Angel & Lookout Points, iTerrace \ YS, * \ Devils Kitchen \ g o/-a- ~ o Old Angel Terrace. wº * er \ \S---2^ \ - Orange Spring, - sºle or FEE'ſ ‘. S. -- G # “2, 200 o 200 4oo 600 rottoe & Road \ — — — — — — — — Formation Trail - - - - - - - Nattire Trail \ ë.*> && 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAREC N Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool, and down the board walk to Liberty Cap. - - McCartney Cave is an old extinct spring. Its wire-covered open- ing may be found in the lawn near the tennis court. Free guide service is available twice daily over the Terrace Trail. A ranger naturalist takes a party over the formations, pointing out and explaining the various features to those who make the trip. Lectures are also given in the evenings by these men at the hotel, Jodge, and auto camp. - SIDE TRIPs FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs Clematis Gulch Nature Trail.—Two-mile nature-study walk be- ginning at Hymen Terrace and returning by way of hot springs, if desired. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled and explained. No guide necessary. Rangers' Nature Trail.-Five-mile round-trip horseback ride, starting through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are ex- tensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals themselves. Guide necessary. Around Bunsen Peak.-Ten miles by partly improved automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. makes the trip available to rail tourists as well as to private motorists. Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. - - Buffalo herds.--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral one- half mile South of Mammoth Lodge, on road from Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke City. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder, but usually inaccessible to motorists. Accommoda- tions at Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. - Tower Falls (132 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles Southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Northeastern portion of park-A trip could be made to include the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke City (a picturesque old mining camp), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK 25 and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- vides accommodations. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke City, but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 45.) - MoUNTAIN CLIMBING “ Electric Peak (11,155 feet).-Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. - Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).-South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. --~ Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet).-West of Bunsen Peak. Mount Everts (7,900 feet).-Northeast. Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles. - . - Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet).-West 5% miles by well- marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (19.8 miles) Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused man- ner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering Kingman Pass presented. Bwnsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 feet high. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, *There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK flat summit of Quadrant Mountain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Trilobite Point (9,900), and Mount Holmes (10,300) on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Flat, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for head- quarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 7-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7,289 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. - - At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways leading to the spring for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,382 feet, is a cliff of black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red, white, and brown forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow- heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater, the formation gradually spreading to its present size. Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color—one blue, the other green. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is along- side the road, - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 27 The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name. The Norris Ranger Station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook trout. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N. J.). NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) (10.8 miles) The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used generally by the traveling public in coming from the Grand Canyon rather than in going to it from other points. This is due to the traffic rules of the park which guide travel around the loop-road system in a coun- terclockwise direction. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) - The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one-half mile south of the Junction. NoRRIs GEYSER BASIN “ (Altitude, 7,550 feet) The path for viewing this formation starts immediately beyond the parking area and follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler Steam, Vent. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with bril- liantly tinted algous growths which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. Constant Geyser, Whirligig. Geyser, Valentine Geyser, in a deep pit to the right, and the Black Growler are passed in the order named. Across the road is the branch museum. The new opening of Black Growler first made its appearance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstable- ness. The phenomena of this basin are constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 58. 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Growler is near the road and is now active. Bathtub Spring, on the left, is sometimes an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; at other times it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Spring and some small, recent paint pots to New Crater Geyser. This gey- ser is a comparatively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are - - - // & The VReservoir $) orock Spring scALE of FEET º -> - 'ieve Lake sº : -soo ===izoo Receptacle Spring S. . . . . . z"--- § Onyx Springo / §§ Q, cº, * - - Springs, w 6. º - Ts' Ebony Geyserge ** e) gº & Wº's - - Constant Porcelain & Crystal Spring wº Grown orate. -_- º#r °Arsenio Terfáce e, Whirligig Geyser º Spri * 42.sg A'orº Hurºkane A Went ! oLedge - 6. ongress Valentine Geyserojº § N Black Growlerſ, Museum º Nuphar Lake Perpetual Spouter eBathtub Spring - \ - w - SVEmerald Spring Grat ygen o Minute Man ye Mew Grater Ge *s eyser ,’ - - - - ) Monaréh Geyser Grater SY !) - Q w t \0 Echinus Geyser wº . RAGGED HILLS *A o: earless Geyser § Fälpitator Spring f - - - Øgorporal Geyser * Recess Spring º Vixen 3/ \ ^{ Veteran dºr S. eysery *S-- / - § Af c)3/ OPearl Geyser ** 9/ºgow - of, - `s t * ! . . - - & Pebble Geyser Gone G º *} Nº, Nº oral Geyser & - §§ CŞ gº \º y Hydrophane Springs 6) 38 - .. - - - - § Medusa Spring & . Cold Springs SKETCH IMAP OF NORRIS GEYSER BASIN due mainly to salts of iron derived from minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. Congress Pool, on the left of the road, near the north end of the basin, has been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occur- ring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different charac- teristics from those of the preceding or following month. Hurricane Vent is a mud vent across the road from Congress Pool. The road. from Black Growler leads down the hill to Minute Man, Geyser. Beyond Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Monarch, Geyser YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 29 Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for the past 10 years. The path continues south to Fearless, Veteran, Corporal, Viaen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption. Visit the Trailside Museum located across the road from Black Growler Steam Vent. . ELR PARK, GIBBON MEADows, GIBBON CANYon From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (14.3 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, of interest due to the peculiar rock formations. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves small cones covered with brown algae and iron, giving them the appearance of being chocolate coated. Through Gibbon Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,335 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther OIl. - - - At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist Paint Pots, located at the foot of Paint Pot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 5 miles from Norris Junction) is an old trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths of a mile to the Monu- ment Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. These cones are more of the type of . Lone Star and Lion Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” - - The road now leads through the main Gibbon, Canyon for 5 miles. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more promi- nent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197.6° F.), on the right, close to the road, is a violently agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (9 miles from Norris), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. - . The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an inter- esting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junc- 91964°–30—3 X- . - 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK tion, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet, the road from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.) enters the main highway system. . . . . - This is Madison Junction (M. J.)," altitude 6,805 feet. An his- torical museum is located at this point. - MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) TO OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop high- way the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is Na- tional Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establish- ment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads in the northwestern corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears what is thought by some to be the cross section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. - At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rain- bow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. - FountAIN RANGER STATION is situated on the left, 5.9 miles from Madison Junction. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. Opposite the ranger station, a road known as the Fountain Freight Road branches off to the right to rejoin the loop system 5 miles to the south. Two miles from the ranger station on this secondary road, a fork to the right leads to Fairy Creek at the base of Twin Buttes, 2 miles distant. From its terminus a well-beaten path, three- Quarters of a mile long, winds through the woods to the huge crater of the Imperial Geyser which burst forth with tremendous fury in the summer of 1928. This geyser plays to a height of 100 to 125 feet for periods of four or five hours, with intervals of rest varying 5 The route from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), is described on p. 47. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR . 31 from 12 to 15 hours. The amount of water thrown out during an eruption is between 500,000 and 2,000,000 gallons (2,000 to 8,000 tons), enough to furnish a city of 25,000 inhabitants with its water supply. The geyser is of the fountain type, its eruptions closely resembling, on a smaller scale, those of the extinct giant, Excelsior. From Fountain Ranger Station and other points along the main loop highway one may discern whether the new geyser is playing by the intermittent puffs of white steam which roll upward imme- diately to the left of Twin Buttes during eruptions. As this geyser ceased to play for a period in the fall of 1929 its future as a perma- nent geyser is uncertain. Upon leaving the new geyser and returning to the Fountain Freight Road, one may proceed to Old Faithful by turning to the right. The freight road rejoins the main highway just above Midway Geyser Basin and immediately below the 11-mile post (MJ 11, OF 5). Turn left at the junction to visit Earcelsior Geyser Crater, Grand Prismatic Spring, and Turquoise Pool, Lower GEYSER BASIN {} Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of a more thorough examination than can be given to cer- tain prominent ones along the road. - A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing, the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur every- where throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. From the point of unloading of busses at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on ac- count of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. South of Fountain Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left at Silew Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless his time is limited. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a constantly play- ing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable fea- ture here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, " For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 5S. 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strik- *x if) WER g5#&## 8AS/A Porcupiño i.’ &Morning Mist roºoºººº;; BA&M #" Hill..…tº Springs ..ºr-Wüüwfin e; ºl-É MAR BASIN oo QUAGMIRE ROUP CŞ - & o § olone Spring ºs Gou © &: ^, Leather Pool 3 Fountain Paint Pot to WER GEy&ER BA&M T0 UPPER GEYSER BA&iw 7 MILE& SEETCH MAP OF LOWER GEYSER IBASIN ingly resembles a blue flame. This continues till the bubble disap- pears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road 7 formerly branched to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, which is now reached by returning to the loop road and taking the next left-hand turn. This geyser, which plays every 8 to 12 hours, is rightfully considered one of the features of the park. Even during the quiescent period the 7. This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use it during the 1930 season, but to return to the loop road and take the next left-hand turn to Great Fountain. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 33 beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. . . . -- - To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. - From Great Fountain Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but th geyser itself is too small to detain the tourist long. - The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Foun- tain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prom- inent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River, at whose base the Imperial Geyser burst forth in July, 1928. - MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN A Midway Geyser Basin (4.7 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designa- tion. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Eacelsior Geyser Crater. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. * The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1890. The beautiful tints and colors of Grand Prismatic . . Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy com- panions. The Fountain Freight Road rejoins the main loop road just above the Midway Geyser Basin. - Biscuit Basin (8.1 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is...to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mºrror Pool. - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit’’ to this basin. A short distance west are Jewel Geyser and Silver Globe Spring. Mystie Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action. /* |UPPER GEYSER BASIN “ A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these. geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few seasons. At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside Geyser, one of the most prominent of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from seven to eight hours. Water overflows from the lower of its two craters for a period of two hours immediately preceding an eruption. . A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. The next camp site is southwest of Castle Geyser, nearly 1 mile by road from this point. Special camp grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faithful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside Geyser camp. At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path intSead of keeping to the road. From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any un- usual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin Ičoad) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 35 The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. Dur- BisCUIT Mºstag - A voca Spring o " Springs A Silver Globe." , " Spring o "Jewel Geyser Sapphire Pool*s-, * thos Spring Sprite Pool Gem Pool I º Bench Spring Restless Geysero § |sion series 2 | Aºtemisia Geyser Lil : H. <ſ – D. f Morning Glory Pool s: sº §\\Fan Geyser º sº y Chain Lake N N rtar Geyser White P Spa Geyser Sv Riverside Geyser § º ºg/ſº y J. Punch Bowl blen << *, *-222 i w - $rº. º ! &^ as “º ! sº ºyser 2. àstiff Geyser / iant Geyser Round ocº ! Purple Pool Springs obſong Geyser - * §hromatic Pool *Reauty Pool \oWave Spring *Economic Geyser Grater z WS i Turban Geyser GRAN Spanker Springº § dººr 9/ 2 Terra gºodſ; T.iples Vents GROUP O Orange Pool § #s...}. Geyser / (ſ) SQhurri wmill Geyser g / & º &º-Liberty Pool &/ .3 < s ºººººººº. > ~ &/º V &=v. ofgSy.” $º G ea 'Kettle - Sponge **Vagit Beehive Geyser, Giantessº. §r4 * * 3. Three Sisters * Springs | 84 rif Hotf$5 Wººyº-º-º-Tº. ovšS㺠terf} I plcruff Cascade ë. Butterfly =Road g s? Chinaman -------Nature Trail. . - ... ----- \Spring * * * * * * * Formation Trail Old Faithful Inn scALE. of FEET L_E= ºffliº L-1 5Go o 5OO 10GX) 15OO 2000-2500 ##55 AUrð GAMP @R0t/W ps in S3 Old Faithful Lodge&topges 70 WE&r Thumb of yellowsrowe LAxE 19 wités SKETCH MAP of UPPER GEYSER BASIN ing the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the extinct Splendid Geyser. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE neighborhood, are connected. When one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Geyser Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. - OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. It is 55 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 50 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. Here is located Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store, bathhouse, and picture shop are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. OLD FAITHFUL RANGER STATION AND COMMUNITY CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. An attractive little museum devoted to subjects of local interest, more particularly to geyser activity and its products, is maintained between the inn and ranger station. An information bureau in connection with it is for the service of the public. Several instructive lectures are de- livered daily. The subjects and locations are announced in various conspicuous places. - TRAILS AND SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITH FUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has un- . doubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the midst of geyserland, where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to be seen. For your advantage and convenience, two excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked with white arrows and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail be- gins across the main road from the Old Faithful Ranger Station (at the entrance to Old Faithful Auto Camp), on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is three-quarters of a mile long and ends at the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 37 Lion Group. The second, or Black Sand Basin Trail, is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the junction of the main highway and the Black Sand Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand Basin road, in the reverse direction from that given above and crosses the main high- way near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser. For the convenience of auto tourists who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant Geysers, which are near the main highway. The two trails may be combined by pursuing an easterly course from Castle Geyser to the river bank, crossing the footbridge to the Lion Group, and following the Geyser Hill Trail in the reverse direction from that given below. - Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail.—The trail nomi- nally begins at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourist's friend. It is not the highest or most powerful geyser in the park, it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities and, in addition, it never disappoints, playing with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished eyes. It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. During the tourist season the first eruption after each night- fall is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. The trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to Chinaman Spring around which an attractive little yarn has been spun. Across the river from this point, the Sputterer chafes in its cavity above the water's edge, while highly colored algae are seen in the overflow from Cascade Geyser. These are microscopic plants which grow in the course of hot water, the color varying with the temperature of the stream. The Firehole River is crossed behind the Swimming Pool. Water for this pool (operated under franchise) is piped from Soli- tary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet and it became a geyser, playing every five minutes to heights of 15 feet or more. Beehive Geyser has the most symmetrical cone of any of the geysers in the park and is rated as the second highest. It was considered extinct for some time, but in recent years has erupted at irregular intervals. The main claim of Cascade Geyser for atten- tion is the natural bridge of geyserite over its crater. In some re- spects Giantess is the most spectacular of geysers. Its eruptions, 100 to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 36 hours. They are accompanied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rumblings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is completely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyser and Teakettle Spring, companionate hot- water bodies near by. Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting tex- ture built by the droplets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds, and has a miniature eruption every two or three minutes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the corallike growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Nature Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Obser- vation Point, from which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. All of the leading features on this trail are labeled and explained. The Geyser Hill Trail turns back from Beach Spring, past Ear Spring, to the Lion Group, which attractively sur- mounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. Points of interest along the Black Sand Basin Trail.-As stated above, this trail closely parallels the roadways until Giant Geyser is reached. This is the highest existing geyser in the park. Its interval of eruptions is uncertain and variable. The companions of the Giant, Bijou, and Mastiff are two small geysers in almost con- stant eruption. Oblong Geyser, near the footbridge, is beautiful to behold, either while quiet or in action. The Inkwell Spring receives its name from the color of its crater, in this case caused by iron com- pounds. Beauty Spring is of the morning-glory type, larger but not so symmetrical. Economic Geyser was formerly one of the most at- tractive geysers in the park, playing every few minutes to heights of 20 to 50 feet. All of the water ejected during its eruptions drained back into the crater—it was very economical of its water supply. It is now extinct. Grand Geyser is one of the most beautiful in the world and, next to Old Faithful Geyser, plays more frequently than any of the larger geysers. Its eruptions consist of a series, and many of the shafts of hot water reach a height of 200 feet. It is an inter- esting combination of both cone and fountain type of geysers. Tur- ban Geyser, so called because of the turban-shaped masses of sinter in its crater, is more or less connected with Grand Geyser, as are also the Triplets near by. The trail leads past Spasmodio and Sawmill Geysers, Chimney Cone on the left of the footbridge, beautiful Crested Pool, to Castle Geyser and Tortoise Shell Spring. Castle ~/ \ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 39 Geyser has the most artistic cone in the basin, both in general outline and detail. It usually erupts daily but at irregular intervals. So far as is known, it is unconnected with any other spring or geyser. Ranger naturalists conduct walking parties over the Black Sand Basin. Trail each morning and over Geyser Hill and Nature T'rails. in the afternoon. This is a free service sponsored by the National Park Service. Parties leave from the porch of the lodge, the mu- seum, and the inn lobby for these trips. - Nature Trail.—This trail is in the shape of a double circle and may be entered from Old Faithful Lodge bridge, near Lion Geyser, or near Grand Geyser. Total distance, 4 miles. Nature features well labeled. No guide needed. Follow the arrows. Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton National Park bordering Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Accommoda- tions available at Teton Lodge, Moran, and the Jackson Lake Lodge. Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this is a one-way road for eastbound traffic only. old FAITHFUL (O. F.) To WEST THUMB of YELLOwstone - LAKE (W. T.) - (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cas- cades, altitude 7,583 feet. - At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. . Then the narrow road turns down Oorkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek, • - 40 r YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs . to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,365 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within-1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. - - The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Entrance, Jackson Lake, and the Grand Teton National Park. The fork to the left is the loop road. THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) • The Thumb Ranger Station is on the left at the forks of the road; the housekeeping cabins and Hamilton's store are immediately north. The automobile camp grounds and cafeteria are on the right. Altitude 7,784 feet. * A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet), a quarter of a mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 50 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake; * altitude 7,784 feet. WEST THUMB (W. T.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all of the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, * The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 50. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 41 magnificient views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arnica Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then, turning left up a long lane, going back over the old road about a mile. The new United States Fish Hatchery is passed just before reaching Lake Hotel (18.4 miles from Thumb; altitude 7,761 feet). LAKE HOTEL AND LAKE LODGE Near the Lake Hotel (19.1 miles from Thumb) is the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Along the road to Cody, Wyo., just beyond Fishing Bridge, is an auto camp, where there are housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store, and picture shop. -- LAKE RANGER STATION is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures and free guide service are furnished daily by the Ranger Naturalist Service at Lake and Fishing Bridge auto camp. SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton, 13,747 feet; Jackson Lake and Jackson Hole farther south. Fish- ing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.)” Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Entrance and Cody branches off to the right. It is 26.6 miles from this point to the East Entrance (E. E.), 80.6 miles to Cody, the East gateway city, 14.3 miles to Canyon Junction (C. J.), and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); altitude, 7,791 feet. Near the Shoshone Dam, on the road between the East Entrance and Cody, 19 The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 48. 42 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK several tunnels, the minimum clearance for which is 11 feet wide and 12 feet high, will be passed. - LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) (14.3 miles) Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Val- ley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively lo- cated among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. . The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the free public automobile camp grounds, housekeeping cabins and cafeteria, and opposite, on the right, is the CANYON RANGER STATION. Free guide and lecture service is available. A short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road, known as Canyon Junction (C. J.) CANYon Junction (C. J.) Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 41.3 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Norris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left is the short cut to Morris Junction, 10.8 miles distant. The main loop road continues north past Canyon Hotel junction and to the left at Grand View junction. - CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (10.8 miles) On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- 111" OO' - 110° 30 11O’OO' TN r - w > ) §- º \ NS r V’ & - * Nº % & *} \ ~ zo GAA-LA Timº GATE way so wº RDI 3. - o eozenºw 64 AM/LES r º Éce * ãº. Crewice _^ SQN. latºº-----shelter cabinº sº.9 ºſt ses: - - - - - º e / º, Sº Lºss sº ºne IV W---> NY FREE Auto CAMP GROUNDs - s'); Shelter ...sº 70 cooke cºry z Lake ~ 1.-, Store Garage kº. UFFS OFFICERSº, Cafeteria-Store-House: & Cabin CŞ Cooke L. 4 wers - ºn - - - - - - - Gasoline oilsºn-Hº- *::::: º: Shop - MONIANA • - atn nouse- - - - - - \ "... 0. v-St. MAMMOTH HOTEL HAYNES PICTUR - *: *śr-) WYONMING /2 # * Museum Mammèth Hot Springs? MAMMOTHIN_ --- ~~ $3 Z S*R-S n/2 O M. º - ... - N.-- w DGE L- *- N \ \ou% 31. * - * - Medical Service 2^ 2^ / w *-*. 2 =S § Sºx £ \\ \ 9 22 - Tº H- sº Gray Pk., Z/ t---~ \ / S-- ~ ºr ~~ .* #Bison Pk. …~" Sheltºr N--~~~ $º/ Golden Gatºſ...}\}\Gaºſſes ºver ‘’s AZ Tºwer \º • ºº:: # | /* wº SS, Cabin.-- ~TS -- ~~~ co, - erroge - Falls utte_X-2-' | in & N- --- ić Fawn Pass * 5% ! ; Pk.s. J w 39 & & - o $/ Petrified Tr & G **** | § | Roosey:17 SºSR-ST…, º * 3: \ ---> 3 * L006E YTower Faily ºv ***. Buffalo Ranch § # \ 2 *SEVENMILE , 132 Foºt Drop ^ *Ge. Soda Jº 2, º U2--- BRIDGE/ Qo §) Folsom PKº 2}- I > S. Butte & A. Cache Mtn. Gallatin yºn Pass 2^ !. o, J. 92.00 .* creek º S-\ Fossil § $ 9809 ssoo ~ Lakes _--~~~~ - A. l r - eſ: L^ $ ſ' \ Forest,” N.” A. & The # `s-–2, #3: Tº ... 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A *s FISHING BRIDGE Pelican Cone est; w sº > # 3. \ ºr FREE AUTO CAMP #9500 Yellowstone \ Museumi? adison," (ºf z J g \ GROUNDS -k w º S-R 6:#;"Cºuncșon * ~/ 4- gº > Store-Picture Shop § ºl \ Fº, ./ j2% a geyser • Housekeeping Cabins || 3 I S-J –7-y N sº Mary Laºz". z \ º } Cafeteria-Garage-PO. 2 | o -------~~~~~ - 2 - - - - Ny *~ —l w | S $' ºr Sºkº,2:::: CréâKTST's 3. FREE www. ~~ | 1 © .% LovE º/* `s 2 AUTO CAMPGROUNDs LAKE LODGE º Kºr- capſtº Shelter; : ! AQ w - - \ E |20-Store-Gasoline-Oil Sºlºš" S-2 Cabin 8 i W. GEYSE ./ Fountain Paint Pot \ z • v gº º 6' sAsſ(). As S$ LA's HOTELL-2 sºurbid Lake $º t C.S.-- Garage *ses Gr-> 5 | 2. --X:28 E2 ‘Firehole Lake N g Z *sº Yºº--> * \ } NY ~ *śer Natural Bridgeº- 5% §§ § º - ) iO 5 jº' Nº”.)0: N .” ~ & ſ} º§§ A/ **e, 7-O cody 35-– A £–H––º w dº PRER_. oº: l Ewº, 4– º | f Sºft | } - § w - \;. MILES - º!X 5. i*GEYSER 9 K & Tºº 2. {º}}| }} J - E ===H-# | PATIO – ~ |Gasoline Oil NºMallard Lake N \T:22% ºf 2322 ſ’ Cody OR EAST !” [9 -- Nººr ºl Zººs Nº. 9/2, \ ºf...ſºs. gº ENTRANCE : 3 ſolo Faſſiful TNN / GNOKLFaſthful &eysarº - 6. / =ºowsroºg''. Akéſſºr º sº ~ SYLVAN PASS | 3. Gara —? • 8èpleſ Nºx2 As * * / º tºsſ % ſizly PKºozoo - - LODGE } arage 2. O #F--º/-->Y& / £º (ś - šić A LTI rude of L.A.A. E. 773.5" FREE AUTO l ...). Pºul (y-º-'lastia, ğ%as §"ºf..."...s ..! ||CAMP GROUNDS !---|--|-- -- --~ * Shelter Cabin he Star. geysed V ST2 \! Wºº sºrºr".º.ox s § Res ilation Pk | I FREE OLD FAITHFUL| | .- \ ( Thumb \º 139 Sq. M/LES OR 68,960 A. 10,000 OLD %N ^. unn º)|| - •Nº. | | | | Aſſig Camp || |006E I %\, 'N \º N. #*:::ger- | / GROUNDS / Y ޺ N - BRIMSTONE º | | | || 3-stºre | L..../s £ak \\ FREE AUTO BASIN N- ! / ! /* Picture Shop \ /sºsºn; =º e. º \ Eu.7 CAMP GROUNDS *= g/ § Atkins Pk {... . . Bath Hous ***hº Rºss * Cafeteria-Store laſº º G/ ºf "Shalier Cabi e \ ~~~ - - &/ 10800 j. * "| Housekeeping Housekeeping — TN || 3 | 89/ ſº er Cabins N. Cabins / \ º *\\ } ( # Mt. Schur; Buffalo Lake - N \{* \\ o º, I0900 : ſºuri-Gre e -* U §§ - § s:- $º'Mt. Humphrey # sºlº fºgle Pk - \\ ºn "L"---Nºt- 11000 %: | \ - \ | < |*|| Øs ~~~ * Gotter Pk # hoboo | | |g asº.” Nº.º. | 5 }; | *'ſ RSNiosoog Table Mtn | 1 \?. / C." ºw- 5-GEYser º'ſ m &S) * # >{{< 10800 | ſº / º' Pitchstone PLATEAU * V \pheart Lake) | \;=\; zººlier * : * O | // /eo wins jº,” ) Y- % Cabin | - uzel , Z - S \ I | C Ralls cº’ Lewis Falls º ſoºn. Mtn j º \ x- | I \& _{* O 2 fical; 8 lo $ # 9400 K- <\\\ gº I \& // MILES IAS < -- Mountain | \ }/ 1930 Q- fi' ( ountai | ^4, \ \ . | ;3 – 2. \ -A | K$ 1. * Automobile Roads | - {: - SOUTH N < I % | X?/L ----Trails (898 miles within Park) | --! ENTRANCE N ul >0 \ | -A ; Lilypää ºf ~ $5, * Shelter Cabins | O & J 2 Lake N S. - N O rv U i o \ L S. Sº, s- * > Beula' Lak o - PS2 peus are / ^. ~rs, º' Shelter *A 4; - -, - sk--- Shelter § { ..." \_ſ\}. Cabin Snake River * Sh ...--N - }- \" \ Thorofare - - - - - - - - - elter Cabin in . \ k 7-a-(SE - - - F-7--> -º-º-º-º- A. - Q :- To MoRAN AND sparvo 7 = Tow war/owAt parº 27 affles - TO LANDER 174 wºul-Es 110°00' - ENGRAvºid and PRINTED BYTM = u-sazological survºr MAP OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK NorrisCDenotes Ranger Station - Direction of Travel Distances given are between main points by road NOTE THE MILE-POST SIGNS YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 43 tion), and then the road winds through timber-covered, rolling country to Virginia. Meadows, where there is a camp site, and the fishing is good. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junc- tion and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Virginia Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. - GRAND CANYon If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellow- stone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the tourist. - - There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, and so forth, to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horse- back, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) (19.4 miles) In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from Snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven. Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven, Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,317 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude, 6,597 feet) at Tower Falls. . Also, housekeeping cabins are available. Owing to the congested condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fence-like layers of basaltic rocks in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 45 The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt. Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon and past OR DUMRAVEW PM&s f Ž Nº 70 TOWER FAttº, VIA ºff. 'WA&HBURW * * *T3Fre- L-69 °F--#337 ROAD ` ** f XT Bear Pit Sºº-- wºš % Š-6(Canyon Hotel/? -> C º **, =#3% § ºš%. § # § §§ - rößg §º * Fºčf Muſº ščº \\ A Trail to Crystal Falls and Lower Falls *:::#'s ºf ºt" A - S. $ - §3. Hºsfkeffing &ains E Sºx. B Stairs to Lower Falls RøAE) ſº #AAGER &rAriſ C - Lookout Point $/º tº Woº %. & - Aº D Grand View r^Fáil - ywoºfah toº E Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls r (No bridge here) F Trail to Inspiration Pt. scALE oFººpºeſ G Trail to Silver Gord Gascade - H=Uncle Tom's Trail Ghittenden Bridge Road To Lake ſſ. SKETCH MAP of GRAND CANYon Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- dred yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; feet. & ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) ; altitude 6,264 The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining com- munity of Cooke City, beyond the boundaries of the park. SIDE TRIPs FROM ToweR FALLs JUNCTION AND Roosevel.T LODGE Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters 91964°–30—4 46 YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. - The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. - - Petrifted Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast three- fourths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. - - - “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle’’ John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. Buffalo Ranch.-On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to See. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. - " - ASpecimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Guide is necessary. Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. Soda BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda. Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park traverses its entire length. CookE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary. Cooke City.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies just beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reserva- tion. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indea, Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 47 used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. - Grasshopper Glacier—Twelve miles beyond Cooke City is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) - - (17.6 miles) - The first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Tree, three- fourths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junction there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. - f Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. - At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mam- moth auto camp and housekeeping cabins are located just before reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. WEST YELLOWSTONE, MONT., THE WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. - - The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon, and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. * CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) (80.6 miles) Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 54 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and Supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermop- olis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. Leaving the Burlington Station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new high- way as it turns out of sight of the plains. The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain, and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid 11 See p. 30. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 49 rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. The minimum clearance for these tunnels is 11 feet width and 12 feet height. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Govern- ment found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 is approximately $14,600,000. Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scien- tists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake over- flowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Chimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephants Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann Spruce. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ſ Just after crossing the North Folk of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest... Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PAss RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PASS LODGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. & - Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam open- ings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNC- TION (L. J.).” MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) TO LOOP ROAD AT weST THUMB (w. T.) (50 miles) Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 27 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park, on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. Accommodations are available at Teton Lodge and at Jackson Lake Lodge. This mountain group, the central feature of the Grand Teton National Park, is an imposing outcropping of granite rising ab- * See p. 41. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 51 ruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low ele- vations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north- south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, there- fore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tion areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. The water stored in Jackson Lake irrigates a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. The SNARE RIVER RANGER STATION, altitude 6,882 feet, is at the southern entrance of the park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the visitor should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. - - Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- dan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, 52 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO BUFFALO RANCH, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE CITY, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke City, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for mative trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction. Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Falls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is maintained in the winter months by the Government. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to Some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone, so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junc- tion. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The CookE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary (31 miles from Tower Falls Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke City is 4 miles farther. BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT., TO WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) (98 miles). Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. * See p. 40. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 53 From Bozeman the road passes across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages daily from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. - - Leaving Gallatin Gateway, the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and, at a point 78 miles from the western entrance, enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley, by way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin National Forest. - For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 33 miles from the western entrance the road enters the north- west corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the Gallatin River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the Madison River is crossed and the road follows down Grayling Creek, a tributary of the Madison River. It leaves the park 12 miles from the western entrance, and enters the Madison National Forest. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 47. YELLOWSTONE PARK TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. HOWARD EATON TRAIL . . Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction 20 Norris Junction to Fountain Ranger Station 18 Fountain Ranger Station to Old Faithful 11 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK - - Miles Old Faithful to West Thumb 20 West Thumb to Lake 16 Lake to Canyon 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction 20 Canyon to Norris Junction “ 14 Tower ‘Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs 3. 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail 153 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “loop " road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “ loop " highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled, as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: - SCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM WHICH THEY RADIATE, - AND DISTANCES 15 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: Miles To summit of Mount Everts and return - 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return-------- 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return 14 To Gardiner, Mont., Via Old road, and return------------------ 10 ~ To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station 11 To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass– 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, and Bighorn Pass Trail 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail . 15 2. From Old Faithful: - To Biscuit Basin 2. 5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail------ 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail_____---- 15 14 Intersecting trail between east and west sides of park at these points. * See saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 78, 81 and 82; also Personally Conducted Camp- ing Parties, pp. 90 and 91. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 55 2. From Old Faithful—Continued. 3. Fro 4. Fro To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail To Lone Star Geyser From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake outlet, Shoshone Trail— From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail-------- To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone Take From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail----------- To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bech- ler Canyon To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return--------- m Lake : To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River junction------ From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary__ From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, Via Miller Creek From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake_--__ m Canyon: To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail--------- To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge- To Seven Mile Fishing Hole To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail To Summit of Mount Washburn To Sulphur Mountain To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail_-______ To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail To Silver Cord Cascad To Devils Ink Pot 5. From Tower Falls : To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail_____________ To Specimen Ridge From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain____ To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail__ To East Boundary via Junction of Soda Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller Creek Miles 16 15 24 35 53 13 6. Fro 7. Fro To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction__ To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction______ m Fountain : To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail________ To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful To Canyon, via Mary Lake, On Mary Mountain Trail____________ m West Tumb : TO Lake (See Howard Eaton Trail) To Heart Lake, by road and trail To Lewis Lake To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail To Snake River 8. From Norris : To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail 20 15 14 22 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 9. From Soda Butte: Miles To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction------------ 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary—— 16 To East Boundary, via Miller Creek 32 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake------ 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain 12 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction - 7 10. From Gardiner: To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail_-12 From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail------- 12 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail__ 12 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice. Trail 7 To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail 8 To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road - 5 11. From Gallatin: - - To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass__ 30 To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail 11 From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak 14 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass Trail - . 35 - To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail_- 60 12. From Riverside: . To Fountain Ranger Station on Madison Plateau Trail--------- 15 From Fountain Ranger Station to Biscuit Basin on Little Fire- hole Trail 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. 5 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail—- 33 13. From Upper Yellowstone: - To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 57 ’908Iq sºqºoppuſ "J, 99 *S °S–№g *Iz6I “IBJAN 8 ºſ. 9 ºgº Iſ- ’888Iºuerſ- *IO6I ‘AȚnſ Z ºſz Z ’0g 1. ‘88 8 *II 9 ºffſ ZI g0 ”I 288I 8°0Z 9 ’88 g ’6Z Eg iffſ, II 0I Z9 *S| “AAS-9ïº II6I † º.ſ. 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LIBJAOUIS ĮS048010 - - - - - -(søųouſ) IIBJAOUIS 98810AV u0ļļ84 -Įdſ09īdī ļo ‘øJour Io “qotIĮ IO’0 †z uĮ ' tïoſe, ſåſoøìđ "qsºnoołp - (SeqotIȚ) Uoņ8ņĮđgoØJđ e38.JØAY 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Ao(ºq JO. oIºz e InqºJº'dureļ ūInuIȚUȚULI qqļAA SK8p go JequuntI 98810AV 948p pū8 (ļļºquº Ių8）I sø91Āep) e InqºJeđLIIęļ ļS0AA01I 948p puſę (tųøqueIqeſ sø913øp) øJI138.19đuI04 4S9q3ȚEI - - - - - - - - -(ų9ųUIQIQ8JI S09.J30p) eInqgueďuI04 UrmūIȚUȚULI UBØJNI (ųoſſueIqeģ šø013øp) 9.Iną819đu 194 ULImūIȚxBUII UBØJN sø013øp) o Inqºlèđūàn ſìèäyw TentIDIW J0Q. -UTI0A0N Jºq040O J0Q. -ūI04d0S qsnºm WV AȚnſ etInſ K8IAI IļuđY qore.IN. A Ig -nuqº, I Auenueſ pI000 I JO qqºuer I [nBºung Jºuņ80AA ’S ‘nºsſoſoloanotti‘ūOSIæget uºſÐ Kq pº[ſtr[0O]- 9048mq0\! I ‘936I 04„ŠSI“ofi A4 ºſ./0， 0，048010119A ‘86wſ.ldS 20H （140 uſuwp/ſ „10]quođa）>ł91/409/44 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK TABLE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES [Based upon observations made by the dºwry of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 1ngton, L. U. All given temperatures are at best only apprºximaº as they vary considerably from time to time. At 6,000, º water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5°C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F. Temperatures Name Remarks Centi- Fahren- grade heit Boiling River------------------------- 48.5 119. 3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: Angel Terrace-------------------- 74. 0 165. 5 || Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace---------------- 68.0 154.4 || Coloring due to algæ. en Terrace------------------ 73. 0 163.6 | Nearest to Liberty Cap. Jupiter Terrace------------------- 73. 0 163.6 || Largest hot spring terrace in the world. Mound Terrace------------------- 71.0 159.8 || High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: - Black Growler Steam Vent------- 140. 0 284.0 | Hottest went in the park. Cinder Pool---------------------- 92.0 197.6 | Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser------------------ 91. 0 195.8 Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser--------------- 93.0 199.4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--- 92.0 197.6 || Violently agitated spring. Lower Geyser Basin: , . Clepsydra Geyser---------------- 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot-------------- 93. 5 200.3 Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------- 96.0 | 204.8 || Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser--------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Just before an eruption. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---------- 92.0 197.6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool-------------------- 93. 0 199.4 || Intermittently Seething. Lpper Geyser Basin: - Beach Spring--------------------- 89.3 192. 7 || Algous coloring notable. Beehive Geyser------------------- 95.0 203. 0 Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring---------------- 93. 5 200.3 || A small spring near Old Faithful, Giantess Geyser------------------ 94.2 201.6 Dangerous area. Lion Geyser---------------------- 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser------------------- 94, 8 202.64 Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool-------------- 77.0 170.6 . One of the most famous pools. Sponge Geyser-------------------- 95.0 203.0 Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------- 94. 0 201. 2 | Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring------------- 95.0 203.0 | Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool------------------ 93. 0 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser---------------------- 91. 1 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. - Comet Geyser-------------------- 94.8 202.64 | Underground connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser--------------------- 94. 0 200. 1 || Just before eruption. D0--------------------------- ( 91.0 195.8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool-------------------- 69. 3 156, 74 || Most beautiful green pool. Handkerchief Pool---------------- 83. 5 182. 3 || A once famous Spring. Punch Bowl Spring-------------- 94.5 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: ragons Mouth------------------ 75. 0 167.0 || Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano--------------------- - 84. 0 183.2 || Violently boiling mud. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE - NORRIS GEYSER BASIN Heat of Water Duration of eruption Height of Interval between eruption * eruption Name Remarks o Feet F. 284. 0 188, 1 6–25 || 1 to 4 Beautiful ruddy Sør. New Crater Gey- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 59 PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLowsTone—Contd. LOWER GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) - Height of | Duration of Interval between EHeat of Name eruption eruption . eruption Remarks Water - Feet - o F. Black W arrior Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- Springs. Clepsydra Geyser- 10-40 | Few seconds----| 3 minutes------- Named for water clock------ 197.6 º Geyser | 200–300 | About 3% hour-- Irregular-------- Ceased playing in 1890------ | 193.3 rater. Fountain Geyser-- 75 10 minutes din Seldom in eruption----------|-------- Fountain Paint :--| Basin of boiling clay-------- 200.3 OU. Firehole Lake Underwater “flames”-------|-------- Grand Prismatic Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. remarkable coloring. Great Fountain 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes- 8 to 12 hours---- Spouts 4 or 5 times during 1 204.8 Geyser. eruption. Imperial Geyser--- 100–125 || 4 to 5 hours----- 12 to 15 hours---| Started playing at its present|-------- dimensions in July, 1928. Steady Geyser----- 20–40 || Steady TNona Plays continuously----------|-------- Turquoise Pool About 100 feet in diameter---4-------- UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER BASIN) 50 | 10 to 15 to 200 || 6 to 8 Głotto . 0 Jewel 197. 6 Lion 200. 6 Lioness 202.6 Glory 170. 6 About once a day 201.8 |Usual interval 65 200, 1 O W Crested Spring near 202. 1 Geyser regular; plays over the 201. 2 Sapphire Sawmill Sponge Sunset Turban hours. Wotable springs-Black Sand Pool [1994], Chinaman [2003], Emerald Spring [156.7], Morning Glory [170.6], Punch Bowl [202.1], Sunset Lake, Crested Pool [191], Teakettle Spring [2012].” FISHING IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest 16 Figures given indicate approximate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK *. altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. - Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon Junction. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. - - The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Rendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information. Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful Museum, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. - - WILD ANIMALS Bears are seen daily in summer at bear-feeding grounds near ho- tels, lodges, and camps, occasionally along the roads, and abundantly around the kitchen door at Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occa- sionally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep sometimes are seen on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may nearly al- ways be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers’ Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt Lodge. In winter elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE - 61 TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens,” or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous trees. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).--Sometimes known as jack pine. The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timber line; probably three- fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines are distinguished from other evergreen trees by having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more, instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. - . Limber pine (Pinus fleasilis).-In the West often known as white pine. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, opening when mature; bark blackish, rough. White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis).-Found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 2 to 3 inches long, brown- purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark whitish, Smooth. A low, stunted tree. Firs.-The firs have flat, blunt-tipped leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. - a' Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa),—Common about timber line and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched, those of the lower branches scattered irregularly on the upper side of the twigs. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. Grand fir (Abies grandis).-Frequent at low and middle altitudes, especially along streams. Leaves usually notched at the tip, those of the lower branches arranged in two rows along the twigs. A large tree. - - . - Spruces.—These look much like the firs, but they have sharp- pointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and rough, blackish bark. The cones are borne near the top of the tree and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii).-The most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. . Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens).-Rather common, at about 7,000 feet. Twigs finely hairy; cones 2 to 3% inches long. . 91964°–30—5 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata).--Sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, 3-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by the protruding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other evergreen trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. - Western red cedar (Juniperus scopulorum).-Common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scalelike, attached by 2's or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berry- like; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. The creeping juniper (Juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub, however, and has needle- like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides).--Sometimes known as quaking as- pen or quaking asp. The only common broad-leaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Marrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia).-Occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” Water birch (Betula fontinalis).-Usually a shrub but sometimes a Small tree, growing along streams. Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in cat- kins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - -- RULES AND REGULATIONS (Approved January 11, 1930, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by - the Secretary of the Interior) GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. Sº... YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 63 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbid- den to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosi- ties, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot-springs formations; or to turn stock loose to graze . in their vicinity. - - The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked permit must be secured from the ranger in charge. 2. Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the parks clean, permanent camp sites have been set, apart for tourists visiting the park in their own conveyances, and no camping is permitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used during past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. It is necessry, therefore, that the following rules be strictly enforced for the protection of the health and comfort of the tourists who visit the park in their own conveyances. - (a) Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans, or, if cans are not available, placed in the pits provided at the edge of camp. At new or unfrequented camps garbage shall be burned or carried to a place hidden from sight. Keep the camp grounds clean. - * * . (b) There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site, and the water in the creeks and streams adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rang- ers for sources to use. Tourists out on hiking parties must not con- taminate watersheds of water supplies. They are indicated by signs, pipe lines, and dams. There is plenty of pure water; be sure you ſet it. - . (6) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park, or bathe 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK -— in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. * ... • (d) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis- tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (e) Wood for fuel shall only be taken from dead or fallen trees. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they shall, not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of re-ignition. - - The use of firecrackers and fireworks in the park is prohibited except within certain areas designated by the superintendent. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited. . - The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than pre- scribed above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain leave to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or other property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. - - - . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 65 5. Bears.--Molesting, teasing, or touching the bears is prohibited. Persons feeding bears do so at their own risk and peril. . 6. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed im- mediately upon being removed from the hook. - Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. In the discretion of the superintendent the limit for a day's catch may be increased or decreased in certain waters, indicated by posted notices. - The use of live minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. - gº 7. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Cameras.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involv- ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. 9. Gambling.—Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 10. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. - - 11. Mining.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. - 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. - All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identifi- cation mark, being registered in the superintendent’s office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. 14. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats may be transported through the park, provided they are kept on a leash or in a crate while within the confines of the park. All dogs and cats must be registered at the entrance ranger station. The superintendent has authority to grant, in writing, special permission, if necessary, to retain dogs and cats in the park unleashed. - 15. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may diº in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- * fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. Travel.—(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On side hill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles of any kind drawn by animals. (c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. - . 17. Miscellaneous-(a) Campers and all others, save those hold- ing licenses from the Director of the National Park Service, are pro- hibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. (b) No pack-train or saddle-horse party will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a licensed guide. All guides shall pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the super- intendent of the park covering the applicant's knowledge of the park and fitness for the position of licensed guide. At the discretion of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 67 the superintendent, licensed guides may be permitted to carry un- sealed firearms. . - ... • (c) All complaints by visitors and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. . . (d) The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. - ^. - 18. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox. ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent. * Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all the costs of the proceedings. 19. Lost and found articles.—Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR-CYCLE REGULATIONS Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), the following regulations covering the admission of automo- biles and motor cycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: - 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone en- trance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The superintendent may in his discretion keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. * - 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra- vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty of its violation. - Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads, 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK -- The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motor cycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regu- lations, as far as they are applicable. - 4. Motor trucks.-Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the weight limitations and entrance fees prescribed by the Director of the National Park Service. Schedyles showing prescribed weight limitations and entrance fees for motor trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. - 5. Permits.-A permit shall be secured at the ranger station where the motor vehicle enters, and will entitle the permittee to operate the particular vehicle indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue, but is not transferable for the operation of any other vehicle than that for which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. - - ~ • * 6. Fees.—Fees for automobiles and motor-cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively, and are payable in cash. s - 7. Direction.-Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “loop " in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the auto- mobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. * * - Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), any time of day or night except the periods 9 a.m. to 11.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. to 4.30 p.m. --- - . Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W. E.), any time, day or night. Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junction (L. J.), any time, day or night. - - Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. (but not to Canyon Junction—C. J.). Distance, 20.2 miles. - - Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) direct, any time, day or night. Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- trance (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. - - Summit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junc- tion of Dunraven Pass Road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), after 3 p. m. :- YELLOwsToME NATIONAL PARK 69 … The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Distance apart, gears, and brakes.—Automobiles while in mo- tion should keep a reasonable distance apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automo- bile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. - . . . - - - 9. Speeds—Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 30 miles per hour. . . . - . - - The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 20 miles per hour on all park roads. 10. Horns.—The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrains. 11. Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. * * 12. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, lodges, or camps. ... - , “ - 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. * . . 14. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor 70 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specified for the park highways. - - When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. - 15. Accidents; stop-overs.-Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, shall be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. Any driver of a motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the superin- tendent of the park. - - 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. 17. Paragraphs 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 of these regulations do not apply to motor traffic. on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. - - - 18. Garages, repairs, supplies, free awtomobile camp grounds.- Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge Camp Grounds, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. Repair shops and garages are maintained at all these points except West Thumb. Prices of sup- plies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camp grounds for motorists are main- tained at points indicated on the automobile guide map and by “Good Camp * signs. • * - - 19. Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced. A leaner mixture of gasoline and air is required, but on account of reduced engine power about 50 per cent more gasoline will be used per mile than is required at lower alti- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK . 71 tudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. MAPS Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” . The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet; scale, 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - - - - . . . . Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS - - Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. . t DISTRIBUTED EREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the Government information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful Museum : - - Motorists' Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, superintendent's office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. Map of National Parks and Monuments. Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to these reservations. 17 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot, Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. . 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Manual for Railroad Tourists. Distributed in park only. Contains time-tables of all park tours. Glimpses of our National Parks. 65 pages, including 23 illustrations. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. - sold BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTs The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash : National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. Fifth edition. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.18 Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. - - IIlustrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point . of view. - . Reprint No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” ~ This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers of Yellowstone National Park by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” - In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. - Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. - Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904). 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” • . Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bul- letin 611, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915, 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1.” - This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from St. Paul to Seattle and along the branch line to Yellowstone Park. . * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. - *. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 73 Guidebook of the Western United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, $1.” * . - & A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but with the natural resources, history, and development of the country between Omaha and San Francisco. REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. Oh, Ranger | A Book about the National Parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, illustrated. Price $2.50. - ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. A biography. Price, $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. - - BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. BURROUGHS, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. - CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park, 1923. 173 pp., illustrated. ' ' ' ' ' CHANEY, JACK, Foolish questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth Edition, 1929. 94 pp., Illustrated. Price, 75 cents. CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. 350 pp., Illustrated, revised. Price, $3. DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. EVARTs, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. - . - The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf. New York. FARQUEIAR, FRANCIS P. Reading Up on The Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. FORDXCE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. FREEMAN, LEWIS R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922, 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. . HAWKINS, P. H. The trees and shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by The Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth $0.75, paper $0.50, post paid. * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HAYNEs, Jack E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., each year. 192 pp., illustrated. Price $1 and $1.75. - HENRIKsson, FRITz. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story, of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. HoDMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - Hough, EMERSON. Maw's vacation in the Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shop (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Third Edition, 1929. 70 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents. - JACKson, WM. H. and HowARD R. DRIggs. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. Yellowstone in chapters 7, 8, and 19. JEFFERs, LE Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. * Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. RANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht. Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. - LANGFORD, NATHANIEL P. Discovery of the Yellowstone, 1870. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., 1905, reprinted 1923, 188 pp., illustrated. Price, $1.00 and $1.75. . A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. & LEWIS, SINCLAIR. Free air. - Story of a motor tour across Northern States, including trip through Yellow- stone Park. - MILLs, ENos A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton- Mifflin CO. 1917. - - . Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. - The Grizzly, 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, JoBN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. * - - QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights, 1911. 345 pp. - QUINN, VERNoN. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. - Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. RolfE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book Two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. . . -- . Yellowstone on pp. 248-297. - - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 75 RYDREEg, PER AxEL. Catalogue, of the fiera of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. { SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1. 1913. 847 pp. ºs Yellowstone on pp. 650-684. . SchAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. ~º. SENN, NIGHolAs. Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17-92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SETON, ERNEST THoMPson. Life histories of northern animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. Wild animals at home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vol., with over 150 sketches and photographs. - - In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in study- ing wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. The biography of a grizzly. 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. . SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chi- cago, Ill. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price $2.50. - Bears of the Yellowstone. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1925, 151 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. - The American antelope. 1923, 27 pp., illustrated. Price 30 cents. The Story of the Whitebar elk. 1923. Priče 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone, 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons. - STODDARD, JOHN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. - STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. -- THoNE, FRANK E. A. Trees and flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Second edition, 1929. 92 pp., illustrated. Price, $1. . . - ToMLINSoN, EveRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. - - . . UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. - . - - Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. Out of print. - WINTON, STALLo, John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An ac- Count of his 1807 exploration. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher, WARREN, EDWARD R. The Beaver. No. 2, 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. ! . . * — The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals, Syracuse University, October, 1926. 76 YELLOWSTONE. NATIONAL -PARK WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. - - WRIGHT WILLIAM. H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. - The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. YARD, ROBERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. _ Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. - The Book of National Parks. Scribner's. 1926. 444 pp., 74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams. * - Yellowstone on pp. 202–228. OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Circulars of general information similar to this regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writ- ing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: Acadia National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. Z Crater Lake National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. . IRocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. Parks. ... • Hawaii National Park. . Wind Cave National Bank. Hot Springs National Park. Yosemite National Park. - Lassen Volcanic National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks. Mesa Verde National Park. • - .* NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Department of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 81 pages, including 34 illustrations. AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASO OF 1930 \ . - - All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the Government. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be made to the superintendent. Employees of the hotels, lodges, and transportation lines are not Government employees but discourteous treatment by public-utility employees should be reported to the park administration. . - - - º YELLOwstone PARK HOTEL CO. - The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. . . . - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 77 The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK HoTEL Co. HOTEL RATES 4%-day tourS : - 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), American plan on standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellow- stone Park Transportation Co - $29.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund Will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals Šerved between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan operation. Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not includ- - ing private bath), per day, per person 6. 50 American plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with private bath, are: - 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 perSOIns in 1 room, $9 to $10 each, according to location. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, corner suite, $10 each perSon. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, inside suite, $9 each perSOn. - - 3 persons in 1 room with private bath, $8.50 and $9 per day, per perSon, according to location. 4 persons in 2 rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9 each, accord- ing to location. - Meals or lodging (room without bath), part of a day: Lodging - 2.25 Breakfast 1. 25 III]nch 1. 50 Dinner 1. 50 Meals Served in rooms, extra, each . 50 (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave . 25 Neck shave - ... 10 Hair cutting (men) . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style . 75 Straight bob . 60 Shingle, back only . 50 All other hair cuts for women - - . 75 Shampoo (men), plain . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) . 75–1. 00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1, 50 Rinses . 25–0. 75 Head . 50 - 91964°–30—6 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Scalp treatment $1.00 Face massage (men) . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator .75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1, 00–1, 50 Clay pack - 1. 50 Manicure - - . 75 Women's marcel - . 75–1.00 Round curl . 75 Finger wave 1. 00 Water wave ------------------ 1. 00 Women's hair dressing, plain . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1. 00–2, 00 TRath . 50 Shoe polish * --- . 15 GUIDES, HORSES, AND SPECIAL TRIPs (Saddle animals are not rented to park visitors without a guide) Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day, or less duration from all hotels (rates do not include guide service): Per full day, 8 hours 3. 50 Per half day, 4 hours 2. 50 Per hour , 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: \ Per day of 8 hours - - f 5. 00 Per half day of 4 hours - - 3.00 Per hour 1. 00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: - W Canyon Hotel— t To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) 2.50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) 3. 00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles) ---------------- 3. 00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles) -------------- 3. 00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles)------------------ 4. 00 To Devil's Ink Well and return (8 miles) --________________ 4, 00 Old Faithful Inn— - To LOne Star Geyser and return (7 miles) ------------------ 2.50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) 3.00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) --_____----------- 4. 00 Mammoth Hotel— - To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) --———-- 4. 00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) -------- 4. 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) 4. 00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) –––– 2.50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) –––––––––––––––– 2, 00 Foot Of Electric Peak and return— - - For 1 person - _ 8.50 FOr 2 or more persons, each - ... • 6. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 79 NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMIS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either hotels or lodges. t Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPEIONE MESSAGES : Bell System long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. - Bell system long distance is available at the following points within the park: Mammoth Telephone Office, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Old Faithful Ranger Station, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Lake Ranger Station, Canyon Hotel, Canyon Lodge, Canyon Ranger Station, West Yellowstone Post Office, and West Yellowstone Ranger Station. Standard Bell System rates between points in the park are as follows: Station-to-station day rates Canyon to Lake $0.10 Canyon to Mammoth . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful - . . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone . 30 Lake to Canyon . 10 Lake to Mammoth . 30 Lake to Old Faithful . 20 Lake to West Yellowstone . 30 Mammoth to Canyon--. . 20 Mammoth to Lake . 30 Mammoth to Old Faithful . 35 Mammoth to West Yellowst . 30 Old Faithful to Canyon - - . 25 Old Faithful to Lake . 20 Old Faithful to Mammoth - .35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone y . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon .30 West Yellowstone to Lake * . 30 West Yellowstone to Mammoth . 30 West Yellowstone to Old Faithful . 15 YELLOwsTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS CO, The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARTR Entrance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Com- pany is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LoDGE & CAMPs Co. LODGE, RATES 4%-day tours: . . . " 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transporta- tion Co - - - The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur mished, refund will be made by the camps company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served be- tween the time of registering and the time of checking out, regard- less of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan Operation. - Meals and lodging, American plan : • Per day Breakfast – Tilinch Dinner Lodging and breakfast Meals served in guests' sleeping cabins, extra, each---------------- (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge : - Breakfast —— - -- Tullneh • - Dinner - Lodging (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) H6tſSEKEEPING TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Canvas and frame eabin Oceupied by 1 person, per day----------------- Canvas and frame eabin occupied by 2 or more persons, per day, per perSon (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or eabin, 1 double bedstead, 1 bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 table, 1 beneh. - . . . Double tent or cabin, 2 double bedsteads, 2 bed springs, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benehes. Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the forlow- ing items: - - .. Standard-size mattress for 2 people, per day Single size mattress for 1 person, per day Blanket, per day 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, set, per day------ Use of above set of Hinen, each additional day- - . . . $20.00 i i : 50 00 50 . 75 . 50 . 25 . 25 . 25 . 40 . 25 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 81 Persons not having all their own camp equipment, etc.—Continued. - - Coffeepot, frying pan, each article, per day $0.05 Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day ~ . 05 Cup and plate, set, per day . 05 - Lodging in fully equipped tent or cabin, 1 person, per day--------- 1. 50 (Children under 8, half rate; children in arms free.) In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), and West Thumb auto camps, cafeteria service is available, and near the Canyon Public Automobile Camp cafeteria service is also available. At Tower Falls auto camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful auto camp grounds at reasonable prices. BARBER SHOPS, BATHs, ETC, Shave $0.25 Neck Shave ... 10 Hair cutting (men) . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style .75 Straight, bob . 60 Shingle, back only ... 50 All other hair cuts for women . 75 Shampoo (men), plain . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) . 75–1. 00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. O0–1. 50 Trinses 25— . 75 Head SSag . 50 Scalp treatment - 1. 00 Face massage (men) . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator - . 75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1. 00–1. 50 Clay pack 1. 50 Manicure . . 75 Women’s marcel . 75–1. 00 Round curl . 75 Finger wave - 1. 00 Water Wave - 1. 00 Women's hair dressing, plain . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1. 00–2. 00 Rath - . 50 Swimming pool: Admission, suit, and towel-. . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5 no charge).--------------- . 25 Shoe polish e - 15 GUIDES AND SADDLE HORSES 2- Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges (rates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours - 3. 50 Per half day, 4 hours 2. 50 Per hour . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour Over the 8-hour period.) 82 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours Per half day of 4 hours Per hour Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges: - Canyon Lodge— - To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles) ------------------ To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles) To Elk Park and return (9 miles) To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) Mammoth Lodge— To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ––––––––––––– To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) --------- To Summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles) ------------ Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) - - - ---- To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles)------ Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles)------------------- To foot of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person For 2 or more persons, each Old Faithful Lodge— TO Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles)-------------------- To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) Roosevelt Lodge— - To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) • - To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles) -------------------- To Tower Falls and return (4 miles) . To Lost Lake and return (4 miles) Fishing trips from all lodges: All day, 8 hours º : Three-fourths day, 6 hours One-half day, 4 hours 3. 00 2. 00 2. 50 4. OO 4. OO 4.00 4.00 2. 00 8. 50 6, 00 3.00 2.50 4.00 3. 00 5.00 I. 50 3.00 5. 00 4. 00. 3.00 All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip Of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, Canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. - Cost per day per person 1 person $27.00 2 persons 17. 00 3 persons 14.00 4 persons 13. 00 5 persons 12, 00 {; persons —i. 11. 00 7 persons or more 10. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 83 FISBUING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing met: First day---. $0.50 Each additional day - . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS, STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodges. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES (See Bell System long-distance telephone rates, p. 79.) ACCOMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON The hotels are open from June 20 to September 19 only. The lodges are open for standard service from June 20 to September 19 but limited accommodations, of an informal character are avail- able from June 1 to the opening of the official season, and for a short time after its close. . Meals and lodgings for motorists can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gasoline and groceries may be procured at approved prices. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted en- largements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guidebooks; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SCHEDUILE OF RATES GF THE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPEIER, Haynes Guide Book, current edition (enlarged) --__________ $1.00 and $1.75 Sepia photographs, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60 . 75–25. 00 Hand-painted pictures, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60 - - . 50–50, 00 Black and White photographs, miniatures, sets of 12–––––––––––––––– . 25 Black and white photographs, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21------------------ . 10–3. 50 Lantern slides, hand painted, each, $1.50; set of 100---------------- 150, 00 Masterpieces album, 12 colored pictures 2. 00 Treasures album, 20 colored pictures 1, 50 Souvenir album, Sepia rotogravure, many pictures------------------ . 75 Colorgraphs, set of 12 in full color 1, 50 Color photogravures de luxe, 8 by 9%–14 by 24 .35–2. 50 Hand-painted transparencies, 7 by 10, $10; 12 by 17________________ 20. 00 Souvenir playing cards, de luxe deck, 53 views 1. 35 Souvenir playing cards, Old Faithful backs, colored---------------- 1. 00. Gem folders, 24 colored pictures . 25. Scenic gems of the Yellowstone, 24 pictures, 25 cents; set of 5______ 1. 00 Souvenir folders, 18 views each, 15 cents; 2 for . 25 Souvenir post cards in color, 3 for 5 cents; per dozen—------------- . 20 Set of 100 souvenir post cards in color, per set 1. OO Set of 50 souvenir post cards in color, per set . 50 Frames, games, maps, paintings, Sand souvenirs, books, albums, and other pictorial souvenirs, apparatus, and supplies at Current prices. Developing: 6 and 8 exposure roll films, 1% by 1% to 5 by 7––––––––––––––– . 15–. 50 10 and 12 exposure roll films, 1% by 2% to 4 by 5–––––––––––––– . 25—, 44 12-exposure film packs, 1% by 2% to 5 by 7–––––––––––––––– . 30–. 65 Prints, glossy, ferrotyped (dull finish 1 cent each extra) : 134 by 1% to 2% by 2% .05% 214 by 3% - .06 2% by 4% - - - . 07 . 3% by 3% - ... 0.7% 2% by 4% to 3% by 4% ... 08 3 by 5% to 3% by 5% - - . 09 4 by 5 to 4% by 6%, 10 cents to . 15 5 by 7 - - . 20 Repair Service on apparatus and equipment, per hour--------------- 1. 00 Roll film, film packs, cine film, cine library film, kodaks, Cameras, cine kodaks, Filmo cameras, projectors, accessories, and supplies at current prices. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch room and cafeteria. - At Old Faithful Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates a general store; also a store located in public auto camp for campers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 85 At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the canyon district. * At Tower Falls a general store and delicatessen is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to com- plete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, films, photographs, post cards, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc. . In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc., are also available. - All store and news stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. Before and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Faith- ful and Fishing Bridge stores. WOOD FOR FUEL The Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. operates “wood cafeterias” in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood, of convenient size, are obtainable at prices approved by the Depart- ment of the Interior. - TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11-passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the tourist season, regardless of weather or vol- ume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and out- going trains at the various park gateways. The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Tour and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. 86 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK RATEs of YELLowsTone: PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. " -PARK TOUR From any entrance, full park tour, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance NoTE.—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander gateways, applies only in connection with authorized paid rail tickets of Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Rail- way. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway passengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of $25.09 the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, Chicago, Milwaukee, - St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrance to the park, West Yellow- stone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Railway passengers must hold rail tickets from east of O'Neill, Nebr. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Lander to south entrance of park, or vice versa, is $16.50. . . On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, - each passenger, extra - On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G–C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G–W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- able at Canyon, each passenger, extra On regular park tour, from Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra - LOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS (On busses not operating in connection with regular schedule) From Mammoth : Terraces and Buffalo Corral Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls---------- Roosevelt Lodge (Tower Falls Junction)— One way Round trip From Old Faithful : Hurry trips to geysers Black Sand Basin Lone Star Geyser From Canyon : Top of Mount Washburn and return Either side of canyon 2.00 5. 00 YELLOWSTé)]NE NATIONAL. PAEK 87 From ROOSevelt Lodge (minimum 5 fares) : Soda Butte and return (per person) Cooke City and return (per person) Mammoth : One Way Round trip LOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS Gardiner to: (On busses operating on regular schedule). Mammoth Mammoth and return Norris - West Yellowstone Old Faithful Canyon (via Norris) West Yellowstone to : Old Faithful Mammoth Gardiner Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway: One way Round trip Old Faithful to : West Yellowstone Thumb Lake Canyon (via Lake, overnight stop at Lake) Lake to : - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge. - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Cody - Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Canyon Mämmoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Cody to : Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska. Ol' Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) Canyon--- Mammoth to: Gardiner Gardiner and return Norris West Yellowstone Old Faithful €anyon (via Norris) Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to : . Cody Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) . . . . Canyon * . r Mammoth (via Lake, Canyon, and Roosevelt Lodge) $5.00 14. 00 2.75 5.50 . 75 1.25 3. 75 8.25 8. 50 5. 75 4. 50 7. 50 8.25 10, 00 17. 50 88 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK Canyon to.:. Lake $ º Pahaska. Or Sylvan Pass Lodge Cody 14. West Yellowstone (via Norris) Old Faithful (via Norris) TOWer Falls Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Mammoth (via Norris) Gardiner (via Roosevelt Lodge) Gardiner (via Norris) Roosevelt Lodge to : Mammoth 2. 75 Gardiner - ! 3. 50 Moran, Wyo., to: Yellowstone Lake --. - 10, 50 Canyon 14. 00 Old Faithful (via Thumb, Lake, and Thumb) - 10. 50 West Yellowstone (via Lake, Canyon, and Norris) ----------------- 20, 25 Gardiner (via Lake, Canyon, Roosevelt Lodge, and Mammoth) ---- 21.00 Cody (via Thumb and Lake) - - 21. 25 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to : - - - West Yellowstone, one way 10. 00 Round trip w " 17. 50 * RATES FOR CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. - BAGGAGE TRUNKS Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk $1.00 Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. . . . º SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE SERVICE Special touring cars for complete park tours (minimum 5 fares), at $25 plus $25 per day, from the time car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateway, railway terminal, or station in the park. Six-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour $6.00 Storage, per day ----. . 50 GASOLINE, or, ETG. & Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates a speed boat, power boats, and row- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 89 boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. No power boats are per- mitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. . ,” RATES OF THE YELLOwsTONE PARK BoAT Co. SPEED BOAT Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger---- $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares)-------- 3. 00 Half-hour trips, per p tº - 1. OO POWER BOATS . e Excursions to southeast arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $40) . $2.00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle) - 20, 00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle) 3. 50 * - - ROWBOATS Per day, 8 hours $2.50 Per hour - - . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock, near Lake Hotel, and from general store, near dock at West Thumb. RowRoATs EQUIPPED WITH MoroRs Per day, 8 hours - $10.00. Per hour 2, 50 Boat rental and services of motor boat and attendants' time commence at time of leaving the dock until return; Or if boat is engaged in advance, charges start from time for which boat is engaged. FISEIING TACE LE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day----------------- $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. BATHHOUSE, UPPER GEYSER BASIN (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) Swimming pool, including use of bathing Suit . $0.50 Private pool, one person, with or without bathing suit---. 1. 00 Two or more persons using same private pool, charge for Second and each additional person, with or without bathing suit •' s . 50 Tub bath - - . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5, no charge).---------------- . 25 Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by SCOutmaster---------------- . 25 90 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK. Caps . - $0.25 Caps, higher grade .50 Shoes - - - 1. 00 Iſse of inflated floats & - . 25 AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUND Showers . 25 Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof . 25 Electric irons, per hour or fraction thereof - . 25 PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces vast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern tourists has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the parlance of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude" ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904 when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton Brothers “Dude Ranch * at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellowstone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North of Sheridan, in the Birney (Mont.) ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are dis- covered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois (Wyo.) dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip of both parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE - 91 Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crow and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is un- equaled. CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters and their tourist rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. The | National Parks Portfolio (FIFTH EDITION) Bound securely in cloth One dollar presentation of the national parks and national monu-, ments in picture. The selection is from the best work of many pho- tographers, professional and amateur. It contains nine chapters each de- scriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other parks and monuments. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. ‘i Sent postpaid, upon receipt of price in cash or money order, by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Fountain Geyser LOWER GEYSER BASIN -- i: Geological Survey Photographs by Col. C. H. Birdseye, U. S. Terrace Falls Union Falls IN THE FALLS RIVER SECTION Haynes Photograph OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK U. S. Gow ER n M. En T PRINT in G OFFICE : 1930 - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY NATIONAL P A R K S E R V ICE HORACE M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING SEASON FROM JUNE 20 TO SEPTEMBER 19 193] - sº º Photo by Joseph Joffe MAD | SON JUN CTION MUSEUM --- tº - º Photo by J. E. Haynes CA M P|NG IN MAM M OTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOM OB I LE CAM P As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the summer season DEPosited BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this infor- mation circular and contains more illustrations and historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. C O N T E N T S General description------------------------------------------------ The geysers-------------------------------------------------- Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone------------------------------- Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls-------------------------------- Remarkable fossil forests--------------------------------------- Great wild-life refuge------------------------------------------ Do not feed the bears-------------------------------------- Trout fishing------------------------------------------------- The Grand Teton National Park--------------------- ----------- Sylvan Pass and the Red Canyon of the Shoshone----------------- The trail system----------------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Administration of the park----------------------------------------- Protection of the park----------------------------------------- The guide, lecture, and museum service-------------------------- - The rules and regulations-------------------------------------- The park season.----------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —---------------- Railroad information------------------------------------------- — — — Escorted tours to the national parks----------------------------- Transportation and accommodations------------------------------- "— Telegrams-------------------------------------------------------- Post office-------------------------------------------------------- Automobile highway information------------------------------------ Automobiles in the park---------------- --------------------------- Free camp grounds-------------------------------------------- Gasoline, oil, etc.---------------------------------------------- Uel--------------------------------------------------------- The park milepost system-------------------- ---------------------- Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest Gºg, the northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------------- Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------- Mountain climbing---------------------------------------- Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.) ---------------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.) -------------- Norris Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon----------------- Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.) ----------------- Lower Geyser Basini------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — Midway Geyser Basin--------- ---------------------------- Upper Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- - Trails and side trips from Old Faithful----------------------- . Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.) -- The West Thumb (W. T.)---------------------------------- 36796°–31—1 I P • ge II CONTENTS Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest—Continued. Page West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.) ---------------_____ 36 Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge----------------------- ... 37 Lake Junction (L. J.)-------------------------------------- 37 Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.) ----------------- 37 Canyon Junction (C. J.).----------------------------------- 38 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) --------------- 38 rand Canyon-------------------------------------------- 38 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)----------- 39 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)-------------------------------- 40 Side trips from Tower Falls Junction and Roosevelt Lodge_ _ _ _ _ 41 . Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) ----- 42 West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), to Madison junction (M. j.) TT.I.T.T.Y." Tº...T. 42 Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.)-- 43 Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.)--------------------------------------------- 45 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont ----------------------------------------------- 46 Bº } Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- 46 Yellowstone Park trails-------------------------------------------- 47 Howard Eaton Trail------------------------------------------- 47 Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances---- 48 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs--------------------------- 50 Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles----- 51 Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone--------------------- 51 Norris Geyser Basin------------------------------------------- 51 Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin).------------- 52 • Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin).------------------ 52 Fishing in the Yellowstone Park------------------------------------ 52 Wild animals----------------------------------------------------- 53 Trees------------------------------------------------------ - - - - - - 53 Rules and regulations: - General regulations-------------------------------------------- 55 Automobile and motor-cycle regulations-------------------------- 59 Maps . - ----------------------- 62 Literature: - $, Government publications--------------------------------------- 62 Distributed free by the National Park Service---------------- 62 Sold by the Superintendent of Documents.-------------------- 63 References-------------------- ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 Other national parks------------------------------------------ 66 National monuments------------------------------------------ 66 Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1931-------------------- 67 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co------------------------------------- 67 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co--------------------------- 69 Accommodations before and after season.------------------------- 72 Photographs of the park-----A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------- 72 Stores and news stands---------------------------------------- 73 Wood for fuel------------------------------------------------ 74 Transportation in the park------------------------------------- 74 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake----------------- -------------- 77 Bathhouses - - sm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * ** - - - - - - - -------- 278 Medical and hospital service-------------------- --------------- 78 Personally conducted camping parties---------------------------- 78 Dude (tourist) ranches------------------------------------- 78 Camping parties with licensed guides------------------------ 79 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS COVER * Mammoth Hot Springs Terrace------------------------------ Outside front Madison Junction Museum----------------------------------- Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp----------- Inside front Fountain Geyser--------------------------------------------- Inside back Falls in Falls River section----------------- ------------------- Inside back Old Faithful Geyser --------------------------- - Back CoNTENTs - III TEXT - - - - . . . - - . . . - ! . . . . Page Ideal section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing "succession of buried forests--------------------------------------- Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National - #. and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson ake — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8 Map showing railroad routes--------------------------------------- 11 Map showing automobile routes------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15 Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs------------------------------- 20 Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin---------------------------------- 25 Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin---------------------------------- 28 Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin---------------------------------- 31 Map of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks------- ---------- 38 Sketch map of Grand Canyon-------------------------------------- 40 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 23; total area, 12,456 square miles] Name of park Location Area in SQuare miles Distinctive characteristics Bryce Canyon------ 1928 Carlsbad Caverns-- I Crater Lake-------- 1902 General Grant------ 1890 Glacier------------- 19 Grand Canyon----- 1919 Grand Teton.------- Great , Sm 9 ky Mountains (pro- posed). 1930 Mount McKinley-- 1917 Mount Rainier----- 1899 1902 Rocky Mountain--- 1915 Maine coast----------- Southwestern Utah--- Southeastern New 6X1CO. Southwestern Oregon- Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Northwestern Mon- tana. North central Arizona- Northwestern Wyo- Imling. North Carolina and TenneSSee. Northern California.-- Southwestern Colo- rado. South central Alaska-- West central Wash- ington. Southern Oklahoma--- North Middle Colo- rado. 16 48 1% 249 8 1,009 150 1% 2 163 80 2, 645 325 401 The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island and also bold point on opposite mainland across Frenchmans Bay—Formerly called the Lafayette National Park. Box canyon filled with countless array of fantas- tically eroded pinnacles—Best exhibit of vivid coloring of earth’s materials. Beautifully decorated limestone caverns, believed to be largest yet discovered, Lake of extraordinary, blue, in crater of extinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high-Interesting lava formations—Fine fishing. |Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 40.3 feet in diameter—35 miles by trail from Sequoia National Park. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- sands of feet deep–Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. The greatest example of erosion and the most sublime spectacle in the world Includes most spectacular portion of Teton Mountains, an uplift of unusual grandeur. This area is not to be developed as a national park until at least 427,000 acres have been do- nated to the United States, as specified in the organic act. Meanwhile the park area of 158,- 876.50 acres already in Federal ownership is being protected by the National Park Service. Interesting volcanic areas—Kilauea and Mauna Loa, active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii; Haleakala, a huge extinct volcano on the island 8||11. - 46 hot springs said to F. healing properties— any hotels and boarding houses–19 bath- ouses under Government Supervision. Re- served by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Peservation to prevent exploitation of hot WąLeTS. Only recently active volcano in United States proper—Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet—Cinder Cone, 6,913 feet—Hot springs–Mud geysers. . . . . Most notable and best preserved, prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the WOrłOl. Highest mountain in North America-Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. Largest accessible single peak glacier System; 28 glaciers, some of large size; 48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful sub- alpine wild-flower fields. Sulphur and other springs said to possess medi- cinal value. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. . - - The Big Tree National Park—Scores of sequoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter, General Sherman Tree, 37.3 feet in diameter and 273.9 feet high–Towering mountain ranges—Startling precipices—Mount Whitney-Kern River Canyon. Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is a wild-animal preserve. Cavern having several miles of galleries and numerous chambers containing peculiar for- Sequoia------------ Yellowstone.-------- 1872 Middle eastern Cali- fornia. North Dakota.--------- South Dakota--------. Northwestern Wyo- ming, southwestern Montana, and north- eastern Idaho. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. | Southwestern Utah---- 3,426 1, 139 More geysers than in all rest of world together- oiling springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrifie forests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gorgeous coloring—Large lakes- any large streams and waterfalls—Vast wilderness, one of the greatest wild bird, and animal preserves in the world—Exceptional trout fishing. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height—3 groves of Big Trees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and Scenic interest. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone, probably the best known of our national parks, was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rec- tangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revising its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. It is under the control and super- vision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho." It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau; between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surrounding it on the South, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other, geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. . Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surround- ing mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once . ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geo- logical speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Wash- burn's summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the conformation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is . . suggestive even to the unscientific eye. In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park...Most of them are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, 1 of the park area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 245 square miles within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles within the State of Idaho. 1 2 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - . At last the steam from the water in the bottom expands so rapidly under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so the water bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the superheated water below, which instantly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, accord- ing to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at the Old Faithful Museum. This geyser, when in action, plays at short regular intervals. The water is heated electrically in a metal bulb and finds its way to the surface through a winding tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water pours over the edges of these carved basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them with hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 3 N springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. . ... • A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity, every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well- marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many in- stances beautifully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon " without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. - Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting para- pet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious panorama. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. . Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. - - The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. - It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the newly acquired region on the northwest known as the Gallatin Petrified Forests, and in the northeast, known as the Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests. These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests * might imply. They are not readily accessible to the tourist, with the excep- tion of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six-tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park to-day. They included broad-leaf species, such as laurel, sycamore, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out among other things, great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dis- solved and the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduction in rock of the original form of the tree, in many cases cell for cell. - In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repeti- tion of this process twelve times—with intervening periods of vol- canic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered and in time pººl. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 5 ** - §º § * º: º É :B; º º º ğ - §§ § º & º irº § ::=<> §: -º- É= ÉF gº tº ºrº 3 ÉFE==ºt yº 㺚ščğ Bºº &º § º º ſº w i §º §§§§ § fº -] E=--> Yºº-ºº:: §:# ºº:: itſº 3&ºº ºº:: : amſ. +Hº: IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET of BEDS OF SPECIMEN RIDGE, sHow ING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FOREST.S. AFTER HOLMES 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GREAT wild-life REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most suc- cessful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,426 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 360 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring, when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders’ camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. , Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks' experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, how- ever, they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. - - The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family, so to speak—are numerous in the park. While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that these bears, too, are wild animals and should be treated as such. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white Swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellow- stone Lake. - DO NOT FEED THE BEARS Visitors must not feed bears, as this has resulted in the past in many injuries, some of which have been severe. The bears are greedy and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Food left in cars tempts bears to cause damage. TROUT FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain great size. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 7 Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. • ‘ The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. Detailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 52. THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February . 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraor- dinary, massing of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclama- tion dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actu- ally to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years; the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man" of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe" retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of con- tributing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. - The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone National Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 50 miles, and an additional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes, as well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Moun- tains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey required. Automobile stages run from Yellowstone Park to Moran and back, On regular schedule. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK & tº 3 8 9 § Q' Q. o º :---- 3:21–23 % §§§ go § >SS - * § p:# , ; * - &NºN 5= ºf \ º LOW Wyyºº ºn v. Nº. * Luj tº: §: : —l >N ul z N. ch £ " . He ºn 5 #3 Ü) 3 - itſ tº: >3; %.3. 0 ul trº----------> - z = - #3; #F H Q30. ti- # T3 . #9. II. t--- 35 H. . . 3 jº z ºg §§ fºr 5: g: Nisva N º #3 #### BSABS) sºon N E r- #### ~- § - Ur---- §:5-y;= <ſ #### § 3 #### H. : #º 3 w > $ 5: 5 3. c. 9 : 5 5.8. § §§§ | ul Z O h à - 33 Hö . luj , Y: > ºf 5 2 iš O in tºp in F #9 iº sº § { 50 § % § #: III l I. H i Y §§ SYLVAN PASS AND THE RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened up- on these fantastic rock shapessilhouetted against the sky. And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of wa- ter and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacie of grandeur perhaps un- equaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with , the impris- oned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. . ' THE TRAIL SYSTEM Yellowstone National Park was finally motor- ized in 1917. The reduc- tion of time required to travel between points of special interest, permits the visitor to spend a far YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARK 9 greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sightsee- ing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping equipment. - - To facilitate the protection of the park and to meet the needs of visitors, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and nearly nine hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before start- ing, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 47 to 49 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. , Here are the execu- tive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and super- VISIOIl. :- The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general headquºrters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All complaints and suggestions regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. - PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless tourists. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. - - THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given in the evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. . 10 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in a building near the superintendent's office at Mammoth and at the museums at Norris, Old Faithful, and Fishing Bridge. This is a free service for all visitors. Circulars of general informa- tion regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and auto- mobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on geysers, géological history, fossil forests, and fishes of the Yellowstone are on sale at nominal charges, and also topographic maps of this park. A small museum of both the natural and the human history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau at Mammoth. The branch museum situated at Old Faithful between the inn and the auto camp is devoted largely to geyser activity and its products. The Norris Geyser Basin is remarkable for its simple and easy manner of telling the story of volcanism in the park, as well as of the thermal features of that area. The museums at Madison Junc- tion and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp are respectively devoted to the historical events of the park and the features about the Yellow- stone Lake. A roadside shed near Obsidian explains that great mountain of volcanic glass. - THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 55–62, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum. THE PARK SEASON The park season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. (See p. 72.) Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor-bus tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- road also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific System reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont., and on the south from Victor, Idaho; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 54 miles; and the Chi- cago & North Western Railroad has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 174 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily auto- mobile service. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 11 • ‘a" - woe." to 5 ° t?!. e? PAcIFic - - Lethbridge - A N . i A. D cANAóWN * }. : WATER}ron - ---ºff" t #s, LAK ; -- -- * * - - - F--- - -. - * * * * *==-|- - - - - - - Bº 2 A SHACERNATIONALTERFE Crosb . f Thief Shelby y- Stanley ot leads Devils Lº . 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Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the extinct Splendid Geyser Crater. These three geysers, as well as all springs in 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK this neighborhood, are connected. When one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. + - ". . . . . . . . A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch. Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Geyser Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly afterwards joins #. main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Ill. . OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. It is 56 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 51 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. Here is located Old Faithful Inn, and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store and bathhouse are located near these establishments. - Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. * - - OLD FAITH FUL RANGER STATION AND CoMMUNITY CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. An attractive little museum devoted to subjects of local interest, more particularly to geyser activity and its products, is maintained between the inn and ranger station. An information bureau in connection with it is for the service of the public. Several instructive lectures are delivered daily. The subjects and locations are announced in various conspic- uous places. . . - - TRAILS AND SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITH FUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has un- doubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the midst of geyserland, where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to - be seen. For your advantage and convenience, two excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked with white arrows and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail be- gins on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is three-quarters of a mile long and ends at the Lion Group, from which point one may return via the bridge back of the swimming pool. The second, or Black Sand Basin Trail, is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the junction of the main highway and the Black Sand Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand Basin road, in the reverse direction given above and grosses the main º near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser, and one may return via the general store. For the convenience of auto tourists who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 33 Geysers, which are near the main highway. The third, or 'Greater Geysers Trail, is a combination of some of the major features of . both trails and is a mile and a half long. It is reached by starting at Old Faithful Cone. • , - . . . . . Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail.-The trail nomi- nally begins at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourist's friend. It is not the #. or most powerful geyser in the park, it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities and, in addition, it never disappoints, playing with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished eyes. It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. . During the tourist season the first eruption after 9 p. m. is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. . . * f : . , - - - he trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to the Firehole River Bridge. On the left are Chinaman Spring and another spring which bears the local name of “Blue Star.” The Firehole River derives its name from the steam vents, or “fire holes” so common along its banks. At Madison Junction it unites with the Gibbon River to form the Madison. The Madison is one of the three rivers which form the Missouri at Three Forks, Mont. After passing through the woods for a short distance the trail approaches the Giantess Geyser, which in some respects is the most spectacular of geyers. Its eruptions, 100. . to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 36 . hours. They are accompanied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rumblings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is completely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyer and Teakettle Spring, companionate hot- water bodies near by. Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting tex- ture built by the droplets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds, and has a miniature eruption every two or three minutes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the corallike growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Nature Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Obser- *ation, Point, from , which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. Aſ of the leading features on this trail are labeled and explained. The Geyser Hill Trail turns back from Beach Spring, past Ear Spring, to the Lion Group, which attractively sur- mounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. From the Lion Group one may continue on toward the Greater, Geyers, or return to Old Faithful Geyser and its vicinity. If the latter route is chosen, Beehive Geyser, of interest because it has the most symmetrical cone and is the second highest geyser in the park,.., is passed just before the path crosses the Firehole River at the swim- 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK * ming pool. This pool is operated under franchise and receives its hot waters through a pipe from Solitary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet ...? it became a geyser, playing every five minutes to a height of 15 feet or more. From the swim- ming pool the trail leads back to the hotel or lodge. . . . . . . . The Greater Geysers Trail, taken by turning north at the Lion Group, moves along the Firehole River, past Liberty Pool, Spasmodio, and Sawmill Geysers to the Grand Geyser Group. Of this group, the Triplets, which have some relation to the Grand Geyser, are first approached. The central geyser of this group, the Grand, is consid- ered by many to be the most beautiful geyser in the Yellowstone. Its crater is a small opening in a shallow depression. It is almost incon- ceivable that so wonderful a display of geyser action originates from So unpretentious a crater. ºn; the large geysers it is second in frequency only to Old Faithful. Its eruptions consist of a series of spurts, and many of the shafts of hot water reach to a height of 200 feet. Just beyond the Grand Geyser is the Turban Geyser fre- quently in eruption. It is so called because of the great turbanlike masses of sinter to be found in its crater. * The trail continues past the Grand to a junction from which the return may be made to Old Faithful Geyser by way of Calida Pool, Witches Couldron, Grested Pool, and Castle Geyser. This latter has the most artistic cone in the basin, both in general outline and detail. It usually erupts daily, but at irregular intervals. - . . . Those who wish to continue on from the Gramd may do so by keeping to the right past Economic Geyser Crater, where formerly played one of the most attractive geysers in the park. All of the water, which was erupted to a height of 20 to 50 feet, drained back into this crater—it was very economical of its water supply. Beauty Spring, of the Morning Glory type, larger but not so symmetrical, is approached just before Chromatic Pool, which is active only a part of the time. Just beyond this latter pool the Firehole River is crossed, with Inkwell Spring, whose crater is colored by iron com- pounds, on the left of the far bank. Just beyond, and on the right of the trail, is the Oblong Geyser, of interest whether quiet or in action. Over 100 yards beyond is the Giant Geyser, with its broken cone and attendant geysers, Mastºff, Bijou, and Catfish. Giant Gey- ser is the highest active geyser in the world, throwing its waters to a height of 200 to 250 feet. Along the road, just beyond, is the Grotto Geyser, famed for its peculiar crater, and beyond it, at the bridge, is the Riverside Geyser. From here the trail retraces to Grotto Gey- 8er and turns to the right, paralleling the auto road to Daisy Geyser and Black Sand Basin. The visitor may turn back toward Old Faithful Geyser from Daisy Geyser or he may continue on through the Black Sand Basin. Directions for this trail are given on page 30 under the title “Upper Geyser Basin.” - Ranger naturalists conduct walking parties over these various trails at different times during the day. This is a free service spon- sored by the National Park Service. Parties leave Old Faithful cone at stated times, as indicated on the various bulletin boards. Further information regarding geyser trips may be obtained by inquiry at the museum, hotel, lodge, or housekeeping cabin office. . . . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 35 • Nature Trail.—This trail may be entered from the Geyser Hill Trail either from the bridge back of Old Faithful Geyser or from a point near Beach Spring. It is composed of two parts, the shorter one being nearly level and remaining at the foot of the hill east of Geyser Hill. The other one is longer, and leads to Observation Point, halfway up the hill, from which a wonderful view of the Geyser Basin and Old Faithful Geyser in eruption may be had. No guide is needed. Natural features are well labeled. Follow the arrows. Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton National Park bordering Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Accommoda- tions available at Teton Lodge, Moran, and the Jackson Lake Lodge. Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this as a one-way road for eastbound traffic only. OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) TO WEST THUMB OF YELLOWSTONE LAKE (W. T.) . - : * (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades; altitude 7,583 feet. - - - At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves, the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out . the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. . . . Then the narrow road turns down Corkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,362 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). . . . From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. 36 . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the Paint Pots, boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Entrance, Jackson Lake, and the Grand Teton National Park. The fork to the left is the loop road. . . . . . . . . THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) - - - The Thumb Ranger Station is on the left at the forks of the road; the housekeeping cabins and Hamilton's store are immediately north. The automobile camp grounds and cafeteria are on the right. Alti- tude 7,784 feet. . - - A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyer Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. . The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,730 feet), a quarter of a mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles , from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance } ; E.), and 50 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake; * altitude ,784 feet. r - - - west THUMB (w. T.) To LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles. from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, magnificent views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. . - - On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arnica Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then, turning left up a long Jane, going back over the old road about a mile. The new United States Fish Hatchery (18.4 miles from º altitude 7,761 feet) is passed just before reaching Lake Offe!. - - - - Near the Lake Hotel is the boat landing (19.1 miles from Thumb). and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. LAKE RANGER STATION is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures and free guides are furnished daily by the ranger naturalist Service at Lake and Fishing Bridge Auto &#. - *The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 45. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 37. Lake Auto Camp, between the general store and the ranger station, offers camping facilities for those who have their own equipment. Fishing Bridge Auto Camp Grounds is located a little over 2 miles beyond, on the road to Cody, Wyo., and across the river from Lake Junction. This camp ground contains housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store, picture shop, and bathhouse. There is a newly con- structed museum and information office located on the lake shore. The museum contains a number of exhibits explaining the features to be found around Lake Yellowstone. - SIDE TRIPs FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton, 13,747 feet; Jackson Lake and Jackson Hole farther south. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. * . - Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. Lake Junction (L. J .)” Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Entrance and Cody branches off to the right. Along this road one- half mile is the outlet of Lake Yellowstone and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp. It is 25.5 miles from Lake Junction to the East Entrance (E. E.); 79 miles to Cody, the east gateway city; 14.3 miles to Can- yon Junction (C. J.); and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); altitude, 7,791 feet. Near the Shoshone Dam, on the road between the East Entrance and Cody, several tunnels, the minimum clearance for which is 9 feet 4 inches wide and 11 feet high, will be passed. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) º (14.3 miles) - - Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons' Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Val- ley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. . . . . Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively lo- cated among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. - The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. The first building to the right is the Haynes' Picture * The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 43. 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Shop. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the free, public automobile camp grounds, housekeeping cabins and cafeteria, and opposite, on the right, is the CANYON, RANGER. STATION. Ranger naturalists conduct free guide and lecture service at the hotel and lodge. - - - - . . % short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all, kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road, known as Canyon Junction § J.), CANYON JUNTION (C. J.) ... Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 39.8 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Norris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 21 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left is the short cut to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles distant. The main loop road, continues north past Canyon Hotel Junction and to the left at Grand View Junction. • CANYON JUNCTION (c. J.) To Norris JUNCTION (N.J.) (10.8 miles). On the crossroad from Canyon Junction, to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- tion), , and then the road winds through timber-covered, rolling country- to Virginia Meadows, where there is a small camp site. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down, its northern bank past the Virginia. Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. GRAND CANYoN ... If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. . At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch, to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellow- stone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon, Hotel. The loop road, winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven. Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View Junction, where it forks to the left, . The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. ' Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red. Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins' are other good points from which to view the canyon. - TO GALLATIN GATEwa Y z - - - - - - 3. CAMPING is permitted throughout Yellowstone National Park dn specially designed - * ºn - - - - - § \l o camp sites easily recognized by signs. Leave clean grounds for the next camper. -- GARDIN EF 3. France R North ENTRANCE TATION R. R. Sta. P. 0. Express - Hotels Stores Garages idiner revice - Coo TN_-shelter Cabi, sº Tsū Free Auto camp Groun - y Snel: Greek / § Sportsmin sū T's \\ Cafeteria Stbre Laundry Bath House y Cabin Cook * 45- Lake Nº. office - Housekeeping Cabins Picture Shop MQNIANA -- A. - w -- - -- - -- oo Yellowston: Paſº Pºu---JIRM5FTHEFEL Hºnºctufts N------ WYOMING &Z § Information Office - Tºlº sho / ~~ * -- CŞ/ CŞ useum \ - MAMMOTHTS ----- >SE \ss-> Z. o M: Medical Service Mammóth Hot Sprl LODGE |-r SS *SS 2^ 31. Gray Peak/eQ_2^*-ºſ NXS Tºº--S | SººYN iovº. º: ~~ # 10,300 ~ * \ ſ S-4. SYOA), \\ S 2. helter šč Bison Pk. A liter ---- 2^ A Goldenv, AºN) GARBINER River T^2.6 Tower WłJºliº Cabin 8,800 Cabin T----\--- - Gate Yºº º BRIDGE Az- Falls Butt Pablº SS \ | S. RANGER «- Fawn Pass l nsen Pk Petrified T T < STATION & & *::::/Tºos ºf Gº Tº" "Sº-rº. * & Lak | Ç LODGE z - \s ºp Buffalo Ranch § >\º -- LP on ". ^. <> w. S - --~~~ h § 3. Folson Pk. -Töwer Falls ~~ *2 Soda Jr. \,--- T. sºft Q. O Wºº,2OO _ſs Foot Dro \ & Butte.9/? A. §§§ - - - - -- - Bighorn Pass l N 2/ º / 2 \ 7 & # - ... 9, 1oo *Wº gº / < N. - A- § ſ k § \O 9,400 - E & The Needles Three Rivers Peak *: \r Apollinaris Spring | $ Ž \ 4% sº 2^\s 9,600 Closed 9,900 Mt. Holmes rine \ \ sºv Mtn. 2 ~~ - / o s #|% §§ 1939°/#.ºobshian cit \ *( / \, zo # \_2^ w ºf Wahb 9,8oo º Grizzly #ak 4. the Woods | - }. } \ pring 3|9 I -a Lake of the | #%10,317 4/ \ FREE AUTo \ 27 - Z Indian Peak > § cAMP GRounds] $41.22 – N. RANGER YDunrº; 3. ss SMt.” º \ I -vºla 13. I Shelter = i #Roaring Mtn. st ATION - & Wyshburn Fre:E Auto Qs \. Shelter Cabin z - # iſ WEST TYELLOWSTONE Č. "I 7,575 NACascade §§,’ sº camp ground wº / 1. west ENTRANCE !ſ Twin canyon Horel-NLake § 㺠Store Picture ShopNº. •o (7/s Z. - FREE Auro camp Grounds ! Museum Garage 2 - & 3% º Delicatessen Garage \º ‘w, \ Creek - R. R. Sta. P. 0, Express º NORRIS - /* £24 *S* Housekeeping Cabins o \ `TT-lººk Hoodoo Pk. Hotels | Stores Garages i GEYSER J) Norris f Canyon C, Gasoline Oils Ye | Parker ºš 1o,500 ==-------' s |S o. 8 M. Cºartist Point -canvon LODGE lsº 10,000 % M. * Virgin zer Yellowstone Falls \10.ooos 14.2 ſ Cascades - 2. chiftBNDEN aridgeſ FEHINGTERIEEE \ - sº Fººtn Beryl Spring; W fºre Autº Caº GR99NDs \ FREE AUTO v. Shelter -2 10,600 O,165 !" || 0 store Picture shop Cafeteria V -- cAMP GROUNDS Cabin #Biºs Mtn | |Housekeeping Cabins Gasoline Oils 22 I * P, 0, Store Cafeteria =& - Castor Pk. 3:3: 11,081 ,----- _2^ y º vo Picture Shop Pelicah. Cone *SS º º --- Jºibbon %iºn Falls * - tº 3. *...* 3. - - - - c \ Gi - ** 8o Foot Drop § S 3. \ \ ath house arage z / Moose Mtn. º: Madisoy.’ N < 2^| Nº º, Icº N N L / ^ 11, ooo-ºº: -i-viv - ction A. à -2 %: Geysers NQ 2% ,- - L. - Fishing BRIDGE r’. w *Nº. _Marylakºr-1 *//ey Hº). RANGER station ----' #, 1,977 i FẠ* : - LARE. LePGEN &2 Tshiſtºr 10,300 Whirlwind Pk. Sunlight Peak ----Rºk Nez #ſº H | FREE Auto RANGER i Q92" Cabin - 11,000 sº N/ z cAMP & Rounds ||BTA"9" HING f 10,600 > y * | P. O. Store Jºžāś --~~... . . athedral Peak | Fountain Paint Pot °l Guine "oil, # , º --- Nºrbid Lake c) sh Hatchery ſº - - - 7- *—. Garage / N Bear Gr ------ PAHaska TEPEE U) ~" ſ /* Firehole Lake Natural Bridge 2|Museu - Y--> 1O,OOO N-- Hotel Store Garage -'º ºº::" Mtn. C } | - Imperial } RANGER N L_2^2 NR \ r -- - e's # 11,200 # - : \ SGeyser. Nº. TATIO 2^ º (@ tevenson I UKTes SA, - P Buttress Mtn. - Fr...S.&MUPPER at T IN ENAE. r" | AP t -— sº - - #. Te-27 - alary" K / * V - º --> ^ - store. GEYsgº”. 19.1 m / NY ! / sºlº O — — JGasoline Oils ^N. BA - \ // (2 o £23 - C. Jº —5.3 M. To copy— Ol faikeyserlºº Q. 3%, sºoo sº? 2 : £os OLD FAITH FUL INN Z - .** - 2.9" / Grizzly FK º S. 39As --- ^- *- ov / - ~~~~T | Garage 2. Kºleſ. Sº ---> Rºx^\ z ALT1 TUDE OF LAKE 7.740 As T. 2O 2 sºul (/Gascade SNN / M.A.,ximum DEPTH 300' cºs' J & Summit Lake_/2. iiili *-* Lost Lake - SHORE LINE 100 MILES - ENTRANCE _`º. She bin one star Geyser \ wa TER SURFACE APPROx yºresºlº Pº. sy Lvan Pass --------- *-- Tx^ſol ETFATTHFUL|| one sº * \\, ( Thumb 139 SQ. MILES OR 88.960,a. 10,000 Fºr Pouble Mtn. A. EºP95–)(BLETFRITEFUL \ N # Mt. Langford CAMP GROUNDs *#16 400 'NN N 1O,6OO "start - FREE AUTo N / ſ Museum NN \ BR - RANGER STATION coxcomb Mtn. CAMP GRounds SHOSHONE §§ N \ IMsTone latkins P ~k 11,000 sº ºl....:"..., \ sº, 2&\, P \ §, Basin lº à # ping Cabins | | BASIN j \ j}. } EI. 7,981 FREE AUTO l & - $ - Bath House - gº | H% TSR, \\le^*.*.*.* | Q Mt. Schurz --- :9 Cabin dafeteria Garage | \ . . . s 2-’ \-v Cafeteria Store l # 10,900 #Eaglenest || “. ---. Picture Shop *-* N. Sºº' ---> ~~ Housekeeping! Cabins | 7-N- - 11,300 Sºkº Fortress Mtn. - ping _* \ \ . veſ - ~~~ o >~... pea Mt. Humphreysºsº. Eagle PK. 12, o 73 E \SY ~ yº < N \ Shelter. 11,000 ºf-11o,8oo \ \ - *~ - - *. o ~. SSCabin Alfº, I y - *A HEART LAKE S s § \ #5. m -4- w Table Mtn. 2' M- SER BAs.IN K» V. .*** - --- LE WIS º •lve Heart L | &: * \, cotter Pk. # 10,800 > āşş Battlement Mtn. LAK n eaſt Lake * \\ * - OO ago MTN; HEART / * °.)\ 10,500 11,9 - LA K PiTCHSTONE PLATEAU Lewis Falls à § - ſ Al Un \ - S. W!L. N- Mº.Overlook Mtn. ºr § Mt. Shºgan \ #“: ~! \ &T- Q: 10,385 Q. \ CY l —— Mountain N so / ^- w s I "- w Qu / JRANGER ~~ N. 2. ! .A. ^v sTATION \ N º l % - I - souTH PN's earlow Peak \ 8 RANGER. ! 2. ITRIDEN -" * - & 9,500 \ st ATION t % | PLATEAU -- V - t W. -- _2~~~ Shelter &. >, Beula /Lake º-N ---. ~~~ - ¥ | /* \ \ Cabin 42. \ ~~ ºf Mt. Hancoc Shelter …” -Y-Nºv 11,417 ><^*/VE "_10,100 Sºº-º-º-lººd"— Thorofare Buttes in \ -- --- Li- * Kingfisher Peak 11,100 Survey Pk. y N-4. Two o P To Ash Tony 9,2OO ~~ - …Gravel Peak Sºo º ass SS C sº --~ º : 9,600 sº Yellow Mtn. l ––Hºº 2. Forellen #/T. Soo . Squirre I ~ .2 §: Pk. \ ~~~ 9,700 4-4- oo =R / --- oo: \ :#. M -> ſ # & - &N \ § - (\ oſ ©NS | Yo N | - ~ N. - É N-' , -2 I Xs. ~ º - o SN # ſ # ~º Gravel Mtn. sº # wall Mtn. *** - 2 3,645 # surrºo *** * - - - - ----º-' % \ - Store-Gasoline–0ils PLATEAU \- $9 ~ 9'30ſ, 10,300S, … mſ. Mºula. Lake | Teton ºt. Y 6? & S. fore I Badget- ry Ridge Mtrº.; 47. - r--- ( cº sy -- r. Q --> Hº- Green Lakes Mink ors, C → ~2 aerº,” # *— Ragged top Mtn. _^ | 11,848 - - 11,007 ºr V Shoshone Pass I # ) | - I Twogwotee | Cr Ö va eet - Ö O —tº , Tº sº - reº able Mtn. *:::: NA NAL FARIC `- 11,075 - Grand Lu T. Museuml/k, 24, … * * XT ###" § 0 "º # L E G E N DNS -A Bradley intº R - - > → O ºf-> QThºco o ~! . . . . . I Taggert - 360.0 miles in Yellowstone \\ Yº- N- -- Y - Automobile Roads - - un I - Buck Mtn 12.2 miles in Grand Tetons I †, 7- " 11, / RANGER --~ - 898.0 miles in Yellowstone 10,400 O tº:----- / TATION - *---- Trails - 7. |Housetop Mtn. Z T^ ,” / 50.0 miles in Grand Teton 10,800 = ~~ - - Fox ek Phelps L. \ / Blacktail Butte -º- irection of travel. T-J Gre :* - River Distances given are by road. ºf ºf Note the mile ppst signs. eto & u) º cº - Cr. …" { ~~ & cº Scale of Miles - ~ º º > t– § 19 - - --- - C { 2* $ 3 ſ --> * r w - A rº \Phillips Z of 05/f S º, Kºi... * * º \ºzoo/1//ºw a / But sheep Mtn. º. \ * Hºº..." TS: ---- - sº - t - - - ºs, º/~/#” *:::::" 11, 190 # ^sº \ ,' 'º' -- / /k/ -- - W ,-- 4. 7. § #/E éros ventre Butte Burnt Mtn. º. / S- wifeen *** | Zsoo 2 75 ^ - # * # - Hotels—Camps—Stores Jº Nº. \ P Hospital-Medical Service º QTeton Pass s t º-o g ' [… | Jackson Service Station ſ T- \ \ {2^{---, | I - 1 1 11-ſoo." To Livings Ton 11 Breccia Pk. ~~ # : 10,435 \ - : i v Mt. Moran, 1 tº 12,100 # ignal Mtn. w 7.73o --~~\ || / "A. 2’ sº. @ *:::::: wº Leish Laks * º ~ º - 3. \ \ - String L Fºr Spre ~s \\ Mººp 4 D/ T O 8.429 187 M. To Rock sprincs 11 o'-3o 24/42.4 ENGRAved AND PRINTED arrhe u-slatoucoidal-survºr GUI DE MAP OF YE L LOW S TO N E AND GRAND TE TO N N AT IONAL PARKS 1 lo-oo: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 39 But better yet is Inspiration, Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the visitor. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the visitor. There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, and so forth, to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horse- back, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) (19.4 miles) s In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven. Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the visitor rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,317 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan. The former is too inaccessible to be climbed readily, but there is a horse trail to the top of the latter where a fire lookout was constructed in 1930. - Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 40 YELLowsToME NATIONAL PARK 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude, 6,597 feet) at Tower Falls. Owing to the congested Also, housekeeping cabins are available. - condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. . An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fencelike layers of basaltic rocks in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that gives this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. 4. 7— Ao no Iowen Falls via Mr. washsury 0R DIIMRAVEM PA& Nº. f | f * i § * ^j t $/ &/ >e < - §/ § My/ L-69 **: & sº #A \ f - f / f S- ~~~ o 2& *.cs A Trail to Grystal Falls and Lower Falls | E. Stairs to Lower Falls C Lookout Point D Grand View - E Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls - (No bridge here - F Trail to inspiration Pt. G Trail to Silver Gord Gascade Fräjär. ºffs NSº...HøſsøkféFligºńsing Elkºč, RQ4p 10s #AA/0ER &rariº/ NORRi8 } #Uppgrfalls (109ft) Ghittenden Bridge ROAD 70 pA&E AND BEAR FEEDING GROUND34 * - Forest Spree; - SCALE OF MILES o H=Uncle Tom's Trail SKETCH MAP OF GRAND CANYON Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; altitude 6,264 dred feet. - - - - ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.). The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining com- munity of Cooke, Mont., beyond the boundaries of the park. YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK 41 SIDE TRIPs FROM ToweR FALLs JUNCTION AND Roosevel.T Lodge Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters: may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment; including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. - From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. - - - . . . . . The following trips are worthy of special mention: - Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. - Petrifted Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast six- tenths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A º: series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. . • * - “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle’”. John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. Buffalo Ranch.-On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to see. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. • * . . . . . . . . &pecimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Guide is necessary. Soda. Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. SoDA BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park traverses its entire length. CookE RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary. - Cooke, Mont.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies just beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reserva- tion. Above it rise Piloš Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indea, Peak, (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. The only automobile road into Cooke is through the park. . . . . . . . Grasshopper Glacier—Twelve miles beyond Cooke, and outside the park, is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are em- 42 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK : bedded. These insects were caught in the snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge pro- portions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. *. TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M.S.) - - - - - - - - - - (17.6 miles) . The first camp site beyond the ranger station is , 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Tree, six- tenths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch, to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. - At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junction there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. - - ... Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. - ... 1 - At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mam- moth auto camp and housekeeping cabins are located just before reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. O MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont., (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. . This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. . . . - * - . . The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. - west Yellowsrº, MONT., THE wºn NTRANCE (W. E.) tº see p. 27. TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 43 ... . . . CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN. ENTRANCE (E. E.) TO LAKE . . . . . . . . . JUNCTION (L. J.) . . . . . . . . . . (80.6 miles) ... Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & & Railroad. It is located 54 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermopolis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. - Leaving the Burlington station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated }uly 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot-spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new highway as it turns out of sight of the plains. - - The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. The minimum clearance for these tunnels is 9 feet 4 inches width and 11 feet height. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. . The Government found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest founda- tion to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 is approximately $18,250,000. - e Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho. shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon., Scien: tists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake over- flowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. - - - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North. Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. - . - Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Ohimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephants Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become IſlC)I’e .#. and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann spruce. Just after crossing the North Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles' farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. . . _ " 'At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PASS RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PAss LoDGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, about 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, about 7 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 9% miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 3% miles farther. - - Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 19% miles from the eastern boundary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake. Hotel and 25% miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.).” .. • *1 See p. 37. YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK - 45 MORAN, wyo., VIA SouTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) To Loop RoAD - AT west THUMB (w. T.) - - - (50 miles) Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 27 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park, on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificant elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. Accommodations are available at Teton Lodge and at Jackson Lake Lodge. This mountain group, the central feature of the Grand Teton National Park, is an imposing outcropping of granite rising ab- ruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low ele- vations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north- south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake, from which these mountains rise, is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, there- fore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small laciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tain areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. The water stored in Jackson Lake irrigates a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. The SNAKE, RIVER RANGER STATION, altitude 6,882 feet, is at the southern entrance of the park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 11% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the visitor should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. ... * Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- 36796°–31—4 46 . TYELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK dam. It has an extensive hot-springs basin . On its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next campsites after leaying Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” - ~ * ~ * Tower FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) To BUFFAlo RANCH, soda - - BUTTE, AND COOKE, MONT. . . . * - Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction. Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Falls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. - - Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is main- tained by the Government. During the summer they are in the high country and inaccessible to park visitors. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Ši, Butte, an old hot, spring or geyser cone, so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junction. From Soda. Butte the road follows up Soda. Butte Creek through the heart of mag- nificent mountain scenery. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The Cooke Ranger Station is located on the northeast boundary (31 miles from Tower Falls Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke, Mont., is 4 miles farther. There is no automobile highway out of Cooke except through the park. . - - BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT., To WESTERN . - ENTRANCE (W. E.) - (98 miles) Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. From Bozeman the road passes across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the terminus 12 See I). 36. . . . . . . • * - 4. '' . . . . . t YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 47 of a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automo- bile stages daily from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. . . . : Leaving Gallatin Gateway, the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and, at a point 78 miles from the western entrance, enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley, by way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin Mational Forest. 3. - For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin, River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 33 miles from the western entrance the road enters the north- west corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the Galloºn, River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the Madison River is crossed and the road follows down Grayling Creek, a tributary of the Madison River. It leaves the park 12 miles from the western entrance, and enters the Madison, National Forest. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 42. - YELLOWSTONE PARK TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. HOWARD EATON TRAIL Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction - 20 Norris Junction to Fountain Ranger Station 18 Fountain Ranger Station to Old Faithful 11 Old Faithful to West Thumb 20 West Thumb to Lake 16 Lake to Canyon 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction 20 Canyon to Norris Junction * . 14 Tower Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs––––. 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail 153 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, 13 Intersecting trail between east and west sides of park at these points. 48 YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “loop' road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “ loop * highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled, as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: - SCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM which THEY RADIATE, - AND DISTANCES “ . - 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: : " : - - * " - Miles TO Summit Of Mount Everts and return - . . 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of OSprey Falls and return________ 12. - To Summit of Mount Sepulcher and return - 14 To Gardiner, Mont., via old road, and return— - 10 To Sportsman Lake, Via Electric Peak - 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station——-------––––– 11 To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass– 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, and Bighorn Pass Trail 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside . Trail - . . ..' .. - 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on - Madison Plateau Trail 15 2. From Old Faithful: - - - - To Biscuit Basin—- - - 2.5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehouse Trail______ 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail_________ 15 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail------ - . ' 16 To Lone Star Geyser - - 3. 5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake Outlet, Shoshone - - Trail - - - : 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail-------- 5 To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone 24 Take - - From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail------------- 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bechler Canyon 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return--------- 8 3. From Lake : To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction______ 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary—— 13 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, Via Miller Creek 22 - From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake_---- 7 4. From Canyon : -- To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail---------- 25 ° To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge - ... 5 To Seven Mile Fishing Hole - * 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge - 1. To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel 2 * See saddle-horse trips and rates . 68, 71, and 72 ; also Persona Conducted Camp. ing ###..."; a.º. , 99. Gö, 'ſly 3. lly Conſ p 4. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 10. 11. 12. 13. . From West Thumb: - . From Norris: From Canyon—Continued. To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail To summit of Mount Washburn To Sulphur Mountain-- To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail____i...—— To Silver Cord CaSCa TO Devils Ink Pot To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail . From Tower Falls: - To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail------------ To. Specimen Ridge From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain--- To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail___ To East Bounary, via Junction of Soda. Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller Creek To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction_-__ To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction------ . From Fountain : - To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail________ To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful - - To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail----------- To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail) . - - - -4– To Heart Lake, by road and trail - Heart Lake to Mount Sheridan TO- Lewis Lake ... To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail - To Snake River To Lake of Woods, on Lake of woods Trail e From Soda Butte: To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction------------ From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary-- To East Boundary, via Miller Creek - From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake_---- To Specimen Ridge, wia Amethyst Mountain From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction To Cache Creek, via Amphitheater Creek From Gardiner: - - To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail_______ From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail__ To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail . . To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road From Gallatin: - - - - To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass__ To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail - From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak TO Mºnmoth Hot Springs, yia Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass rºl To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail- From Riverside: . * . To Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail_________ From Fountain Ranger Station to Biscuit Basin on Little Fire- hole Trail - - . From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful – To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail_- From Upper Yellowstone: ~. . . . To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail 50 .YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ‘908J4 sºļBoļpūļ “J, 99 Zg 9ſ, I8I 681 96 99 *S "S-ſg *ZZ6I “Kt3.JN 2. ‘l. 9 ºg8 *ZI6I “IBWI 0'9I 'g68I ºuer 6 '96 6€I #8 "Z. ’806I “qoO 8', 'LI 8Z Țſ- "888Iºtrºp 96 *I06I º&ſnt Z ºſº, & '09 ! ’88 9! 8ſ, †g- 826I 8ý 0261 A '8Z 8°0′Z 1881 0 （0%) g ’88 8 ’6% 19 †}, ZI 0I £68|| 6 ‘84 0 ºg 9 'Oy 9ý iſºſ, OI 29 *S-6ý gI6I 8 ºſ. 0'9 6I6I I “O 2. 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Urſ Uſoņ84țđț90Jđ_qS948919 - (søqouſ) uopļºņțđț0øJđ| 98810AV - - - - - - - - - -.• • • • • • • • • • •AAO[ºq JO. ouez aunqęJøđuI04 ūInūIȚuțUI qļļAA SK8p Jo JºqūIntI 038.J9AW †† 9ļēp pt18 (ºù …) e InqºJºdūI04 qS9AA0’I ## †† †† †† 8403AC -9ļēp ptiº ("¿I.) aunqbuºđūIºņu± ------- ~- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----T(º）{ ĐInqeleduI34 urnulpuțUTříší， - - - - - - - - - - - - --- «… • → • • • • • • - - -"("Jo) e Inqºladu 194 ULIntuļxetIIță， - - - - - - -(‘¿I.) e InqºJºďULI04 u 80IWI Įgnuuy Jºq -LIIºO0QT Jºq -UTIGAON Jºq040O Jºq -UII04d0S qsnºmy ÁIn T øunp ABW ĮĮIdV qoI3IWI ÁIB •ľmiqºÈI ÁJºnuer pī009 I JO qĄāUIºT 2a\snļową ‘O96 I og Z88 I ‘’ofi AM ‘quoaſ 9u048amomo Æ ºsôwydd Sº ſoſ qņotuvuoſiſ uoſ quodø） [neoing Joqºbo M sºļens poſſunºsſoloſoomeuſºđOJų38"I ‘J, ‘M. Kqpomātſioo] +- 49ųȚ00AA YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 51 TABLE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES [Based upon observations made by the dºwry of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- Ington, L. U. All given temperatures are at best only approximate as they vary considerably from time to time. At 6,000 ;Jºe water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5° C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F., 91. $ - Temperatures Name Remarks Centi- || Fahren- grade heit * Boiling River------------------------- 48.5 119.3 || North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: Angel Terrace-------------------- 74. 0 165. Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace---------------- 68. 0 154.4 || Coloring due to algae. Hymen Terrace------------------ 73. 0 163.6 Irregular in activity. Jupiter Terrace------------------- 73.0 | 163.6 Largest hot Spring terrace in the world. ound Terrace------------------ 71.0 159.8 || High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: - Black Growler Steam Vent------- 140. 0 284.0 | Hottest vent in the park. - Cinder Pool---------------------- 92.0 197.6 | Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser------------------ 91. 0 195.8 || Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser--------------- 93.0 199.4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. . Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--- 92.0 197.6 || Violently agitated spring. - Lower Geyser Basin: Clepsydra Geyser----------- * = = = = 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot-------------- 93.5 200.3 | Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------- 96.0 204.8 Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: - Jewel Geyser--------------------- 95.0 203.0 Just before an eruption. - - 0--------------------------- 92.0 197.6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool-------------------- 93.0 199.4 || Beautiful intermittently erupting pool. TJpper Geyser Basin: - - Beach Spring--------------------- 89.3 192.7 | Notable geyserite formations. Beehive Geyser------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring---------------- 93. 5 200.3 || A Small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser------------------ 94.2 201.6 || Dangerous area. Lion Geyser . 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. LioneSS Geyser------------------- 94, 8 202.64 | Very seldom in eruption. orning Glory Pool-------------- 77.0 170.6 || One of the most famous pools. ponge Geyser------------------- 95.0 203.0 | Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------- 94.0 201. 2 | Violently bubbling. , Tortoise Shell Spring------------- 95.0 203. 0 | Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool------------------ 93.0 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cli eySe 91. 1 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. e Comet Geyser-------------------- 94.8 202.64 || Underground connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser--------------------- 94.0 200. 1 || Just before eruption. D0--------------------------- 91. 0 195.8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool-------------------- 69. 3 156, 74 || Most beautiful green pool. Punch Bowl Spring-------------- - 94.5 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling Spring. Yellowstone River Road: ragons Mouth------------------ 75.0 167.0 Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano-------------------- 84.0 183.2 Violently boiling mud. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN -- Average height of eruption Name Remarks Feet 8. 6-25 | 1 to 4 Sør. New Crater Gey- Beautiful ruddy 52 YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE–Contd. LOWER GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) Average e Average inter- Name height of Avº .ation | "vaſiºwej, - Remarks º: of eruption O1 erupulon eruptions Water Feet - • F. Black W arrior Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- Springs. - à Clepsydra Geyser- 10–40 Few seconds----| 3 minutes------- Named for water clock------ 197. 6 º Geyser | 200–300 || About 3% hour- - Irregular-------- Ceased playing in 1890------ 193.3 .CI&LêT. - - Fountain Geyser -- 75 | 10 minutes do Seldom in eruption----------|-------- Fººtain Paint Basin of boiling clay-------- 200. 3 OU. Firehole Lake TJnderwater “flames”-------|-------- Grand Prismatic | Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. remarkable. coloring. Great Fountain 75–150 45 to 60 minutes- 8 to 12 hours----| Spouts 4 or 5 times during 1 204.8 Geyser, - eruption. Imperial Geyser---| 100–125 || 4 to 5 hours----- 12 to 15 hours---! Now inactive---------------|-------- Steady Geyser----- 20–40 || Steady---------- None----------- Plays continuously----------|-------- Turquoise Pool About 100 feet in diameter--|-------- UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER BASIN) 50 | 10 to 15 to 200 6 to 8 About once a day Disual interval 65 Crested Spring near 203. l regular; plays over the 201, 2 Sapphire 199.4 Sawmill 192. 1 Sponge 203. 0 Sunset Turban hours. Notable springs.-Black Sand Pool [199.4], Chinaman [200.3], Emerald Pool [156.7], Morning Glory [170.6], Punch Bowl. [202.1], Sunset Lake, Crested Pool [191], Teakettle Spring [2012].” FISHING IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished * Figures given indicate approximate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 53 so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon Junction. . It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. The native fishes of the park represent only a few species whic have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information. Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful Museum, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. - WILD ANIMALS Bears are seen daily in summer at bear-feeding grounds near ho- tels, lodges, and camps, occasionally along the roads, and especially in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occasionally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep sometimes are seen on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may nearly always be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge and near the North Entrance. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers’ Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt Lodge. In winter elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. . TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens,” or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous trees. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).--Sometimes known as jack pine. he most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timber line; probably three- fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines are distinguished from other evergreen trees by having their long 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK slender leaves in bundles of two or more instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. - . - A Limber pine (Pinus fleaſilis).-In the West often known as white pine. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually, scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, opening when mature; bark blackish, rough. White-bark, pine (Pinus albicaulis).-Found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 2 to 3 inches long, brown- purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark whitish, smooth. A low, stunted tree. Firs.-The firs have flat, blunt-tipped leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).-Common about timber line and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched, those of the lower branches scattered irregularly on the upper side of the twigs. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. - . Grand fir (Abies grandis).-Frequent at low and middle altitudes, especially along streams. Leaves, usually notched at the tip, those of the lower branches arranged in two rows along the twigs. A large tree. - - . . Spruces.—These look much like the firs, but they have sharp- ointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and rough, blackish i. The cones are borne near the top of the tree and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe. Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmanni?).-The most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens).-Rather common, at about 7,000 feet. Twigs finely hairy; cones 2 to 3% inches long. : Douglas fºr (Pseudotsuga mucronata),—Sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, 3-lobed bracts, which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by the protruding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other evergreen trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. Western, red cedar (Juniperus scopulorum).-Common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scalelike, attached by 2’s or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berry- like; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. . The creeping juniper (Juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub, however, and has needle- like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides).--Sometimes known as quaking as- pen or quaking asp. The only common broadleaf tree; frequent on YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 55 moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Marrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia),—Occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” . - "Water birch (Betula fontinalis).-Usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams. Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in cat- kins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - RULES AND REGULATIONS (Approved December 20, 1930, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by - the Secretary of the Interior) - GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbid- den to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosi- ties, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot-springs formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. - The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked, permit must be secured from this officer. - Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for visitors touring the park, and no camping is permitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used during past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. It is necessary, therefore, that the following rules be strictly enforced for the pro- ºn of the health and comfort of the visitors who come to the park. 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK (a) Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans, or, if cans are not available, placed in the pits provided at the edge of camp. At new or unfrequented camps garbage shall be burned or carried to a place hidden from sight. Keep the camp grounds clean. - - - b) There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site, and the water in the creeks and streams adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rang- ers for sources to use. Visitors out on hiking parties must not con- taminate watersheds of water supplies. They are indicated by signs, pipe lines, and dams. There is plenty of pure water; be sure you et it. 9. (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park. Bathing in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park is not permitted without suitable bathing clothes. (d) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering or pollut- ing any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient distance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as - tent sites. (e) Wood for fuel shall only be taken from dead or fallen trees. 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of re-ignition. - The use of firecrackers and fireworks in the park is prohibited except within certain areas designated by the superintendent. - Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bir or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on the park lands under circumstances other than pre- scribed above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 57. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain leave to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or other property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. - “s', . . . - . . . . . . . 5. Bears.--Molesting, teasing, or touching the bears is prohibited. Persons feeding bears do so at their own risk and peril. 6. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed im- mediately upon being removed from the hook. . . . . . - Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, except in certain waters where the limit may be decreased or increased as indicated by posted notices. No one person shall have in his or her possession at any one time more than one day's catch. The use ºlive minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. • ' . . . . . 7. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Cameras.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involv- ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. : 9. Gambling.—Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 10. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. - . 11. Mining.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. • * , - * 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. ... • - ! . ." 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and number corresponding there with, or the identification mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight. 14. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats may be transported through the park, provided they are kept on a leash or in a crate while within the confines of the park. All dogs and cats must be registered at the entrance ranger station. The superintendent has authority to grant, in writing, special permission, if necessary, to retain dogs and cats in the park unleashed. 15. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no - case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. - 16. Travel.— (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On side hill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles of any kind drawn by animals. - (c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different . in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. - (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. * 17. Miscellaneous.-(a) Campers and all others, save those hold- ing licenses from the Director of the National Park Sepwice, are pro- hibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. . . (b) No pack-train or saddle-horse party will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a licensed guide. All guides shall pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the super- intendent of the park covering the applicant's knowledge of the park and fitness for the position of licensed guide. At the discretion of the superintendent, licensed guides may be permitted to carry un- sealed firearms. (6) All complaints by, visitors and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. - . - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 59 (d) The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. - - 18. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox- ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent. - Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all the costs of the proceedings. NoTE. Lost and found articles.—Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 90 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. . . . . AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR-CYCLE REGULATIONS Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), the following regulations covering the admission of automobiles and motor cycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby estab- lished and made public. 1. Entrances.—During the season automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a. m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. . The superintendent may in his discretion keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. • * w . 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra- vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty of its violation. . - Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motor cycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regu- lations as far as they are applicable. e 4. Motor trucks,—Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the weight limitations and entrance fees prescribed by the Director of the National Park Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations and entrance fees for motor trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. ſe 5. Permits.-No person may operate a motor vehicle over any of the park roads without a permit. . - 60 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK . . The owner or driver of each motor vehicle entering the park shall secure a permit at the entering ranger station. The permit will entitle the holder to operate the particular motor vehicle therein described over any of the roads in the park. It is not transferable to any other vehicle. It is good for the entire season, expiring at the end of the calendar year. The permit should be carried with the car and exhibited to park rangers on demand. 6. Fees.—Fees for automobiles and motor-cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively. - - 7. Direction.—Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “ loop * in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the auto- mobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. - - Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), any time, day or night. - - -. - Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W.E.), any time, day or night. . . - : . - - Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junction (L. J.), any time, day or night. * ...i - - - - • - Mºoth Hot Springs (M.S.) to Tower Falls, except the period of 12 noon to 5 p.m. (but not to Canyon Junction—C. J.). Dis- tance, 20.2 miles. - - . . . Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) direct, any time, day or night. - - Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- trance (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. - . . . - - - . $ºmmit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junc- tion of Dunraven Pass Road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), after 3 p.m. " . .' ' . . - - - - The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. 8. Distance apart, gears, and brakes.—Automobiles while in mo. tion should keep a reasonable distance apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class work- ing order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. Baggage carried on left side of car shall not extend beyond the fenders. . . . 9. Speeds.-Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid acci- dent. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 35 miles per YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK 61, hour. Ambulances and Government cars on emergency trips are the only exceptions to this rule. - - The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 25 miles per hour on all park roads. : 10. Horns.—The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. * Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 12. Muffler out-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while ap- proaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, lodges, or camps. - - 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. - ,14. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specified for the park highways. - When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. . . . 15. Accidents; stop-overs.-Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, shall be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. Any driver of a motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the Superin- tendent of the park. 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment, not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. - 36796°–31—5. . . 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 17. Paragraphs 1,2,5,6, and 7 of these regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. Note: Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camp grounds.- Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge Camp Grounds, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. Repair shops and garages are maintained at all these points except West Thumb. Prices of sup- plies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camp grounds for motorists are main- tained at points indicated on the automobile guide map and by “Good Camp ’’ signs. - - Note: Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high alti- tude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all automobiles is much reduced. A leaner mixture of gasoline and air is required, but on account of reduced engine power about 50 per cent more gasoline will be used per mile than is required at lower alti- tudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. . . . . . • MAPs * . ... • Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. - Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 38% by 39% inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” - - The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet; scale, 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets; scale, .2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 Cents each. - Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. - - LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mancmoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARTK 63 application, to the Government information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful Museum : Motorists' Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, Superintendent's office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. …’ Map of National Parks and Monuments. Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to these reservations. * - Manual for Railroad Visitors. Distributed in park only. Contains time-tables of all park tours. Glimpses of our National Parks. 65 pages, including 23 illustrations. - ºntains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parkS. - SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash : National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. Fifth edition. 270 pages, Including 310 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.1% Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- Sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. ºrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point OI Vle"W. Reprint. No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers of Yellowstone National Park, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” - In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. - Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. - Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904.) 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 CentS. Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bul- letin 611, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1.” This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from St. Paul to Seattle and along the branch lime to Yellowstone Park. * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. 64 YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK & Guidebook of the Western United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, $1.” . . . . . . . . . . . A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but wit the natural resources, history, and development of the country between Omaha and San - - REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. Oh, Ranger J A book about the National parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, Illustrated. Price $2.50. ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. - - . - A biography. Price, $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Seenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. . " . - BAILEY, WERNoN. Animal Life of Yellowstone Park. 241 pages, 1930, Chas. C. Thomas, Springfield, Ill. Price $4. . . . . - BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. . BRYCE, JAMES. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. - BURRoughs, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illus- trated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. . • , ” CHANEY, JACK. Foolish Questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture. Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth edition, 1929. 94 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents. * . . . . . . . * * ... • i. ; : 1 CHITTENDEN, H. M. . The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. 350 pp., illustrated, revised. Price $3. - - . DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874, 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333. pp. . *: ' , ; A good description of the park in its early days. . ' EvARTS, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York. FARIS, JoHN T. Roaming the Rockies. Farrar & Binehart. 333 pp. illus- trated, 1930, - - - Yellowstone on pp. 3 to 38. FARQUHAR, FRANCIS P. Reading Up on the Yellowstone. Free pamphlet pub- lished and distributed by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. FoRDxcE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - FREEMAN, LEWIs B. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. - v. HAWKINS, P. H. The trees and shrubs of Yellowstone National Park, 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by The Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth $0.75, paper $0.50, post paid. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National, Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., each year. 192 pp., illustrated. Price $1 and $1.50. : - HENRIKSSON, FRITZ. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. * Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. - . . . Holm Es, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the s Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - Houg|H, EMERSON. Maw's vacation in the Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shop (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Third Edition, 1929. 70 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents, - - *May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices ean not fill mail orders. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 65 Jackson, WM. H., and HowARD R. DRIGGS. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. Yellowstone in chapters 7, 8, and 19. - - JEFFERS, LE Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. - Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. - - KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht. Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. ' KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes: * Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. LANGFORD, NATHANIEL P. Discovery of the Yellowstone, 1870. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., 1905, reprinted 1923, 188 pp., illustrated. Price $1 and $1.50. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LEwis, SINCLAIR. Free air. Story of a motor tour across Northern States, including trip through Yellow- Stone Park. - MILLs, ENos A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. . Houghton- Mifflin CO. 1917. - . . . Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. - The Grizzly, 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, JoBN. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. - - * MURPHY, THoMAs D. Three Wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. , . QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. QUINN, WERNoN. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. - Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. Rol.FE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. Yellowstone on pp. 243–297. • . RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. . SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. ScEAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. - Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. & SENN, NICHOLAs. Our National Recreation Parks. 1904. 147 ppg, illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SETON, ERNEST THoMPson. Life Histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. Wild Animals at Home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vol., with over 150 sketches and photographs. - In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his Jºnal adventures in study- ing wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. The Biography of a Grizzly. 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. ~ * SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone, 1923. Illustrated. Price, $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. Published by . A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. Bears of the Yellowstone. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1925, 151 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. The American Antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price, 30 cents. The Story of the Whitebar Elk. 1923. Price, 15 cents. 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK SMITH, F. DuMont. Book of a Hundred Bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. . Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons. . - - - . . STODDARD, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park. 1911. , 304 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 207-304. . - - * . . - - STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen Thousand Miles by Stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. - . . - THONE, FRANK E. A. Trees and Flowers of the Yellowstone. National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Second edition, 1929. 92 pp., illustrated. Price, $1. - ToMLINson, EveRETT TITswoºth. Four Boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. - -- Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. Out of print. . VINTON, STALLO. John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An ac- count Of his 1807. explorations. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. WARREN, Edward R. The Beaver. No. 2. 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. - The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October, 1926. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. ... -- Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. . ". . . . . ... . . . Wºº WILLIAM. H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illus. rated. . . . - . " * - The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. ... * * YARD, RobºBT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917, 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. 3 i ; . . . . * - . , Scribner's 1926. 444 pp., 74 illustra- The Book of National Park tions, 14 maps and diagrams. - Yellowstone on pp. 202–228. " **t other NATIONAL PARKs Circulars of general information similar to this regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writ- ing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: Acadia National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. • Crater Lake National Park. - Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. ParkS. Hawaii National Park. Wind Cave National Park. Hot Springs National Park. YOSemite National Park. - Lassen Wolcanic National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Park; Mesa Verde National Park. • - - NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Department of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 74 pages, including 33 illustrations. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARTR 67 AUTHORIZED RATES Fº PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASON - - 1931 All the rates of the authorized public utilities for services within the park are approved by the Government. Employees of the hotels, camps, and transportation lines are not Government employees and discourteous treatment by them should be reported to the man- agement. * - The National Park Service has no direct supervision over the rates or the service given outside the park; rates are furnished for the information of the public. YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK HoTEL Co. BIOTEL RATES 4%-day tours: - * - - 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), American plan on standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellow- stone Park Transportation Co - $29.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are furnished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan operation. Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not including private bath), per day, per person 6. 50 American plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with private bath, are: 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 persons in 1 room, $9 to $10 each, according to location. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, corner suite, $10 each eTSOIl. 3 †. in 2 rooms with bath between, inside suite, $9 each perSOn. 3 persons in 1 room with private bath, $8.50 and $9 per day, per person, according to location. 4 persons in 2 rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9 each, according to location. Meals or lodging (room without bath), part of a day: Lodging 2.25 Breakfast 1.25 Lunch - 1. 50 Dinnel' 1, 50 Meals served in rooms, extra, each . 50 (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. -> Shave - .25 Neck shave - - 10 Hair cutting (men) ... Women’s hair cut, boy style . 75 Straight bob - - - º Shingle, back only--- . 50 All other hair cuts for WOmen . 75 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Shampoo (men), plain - * $0.50 Women’s Shampoo (plain bobbed hair) . 75–1.00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1. 50 Rinses . 25–0. 75 Head massage . 50 Scalp treatment 1. 00 Face massage (men) . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator . 75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1. 00–1, 50 Clay pack 1. 50 Manicure . 75 Women’s marCel . 75–1. 00 Round Curl . 75 Finger wave 1. 00 Water Wave - 1. 00 Women's hairdressing, plain . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1. 00–2, 00 Bath . 50 Shoe polish . 15 GUIDEs, HoRSEs, AND SPECIAL TRIPs (Saddle animals are not rented to park visitors without a guide) Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from all hotels (rates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours 2. 50 Per hour - . 75 (Horses kept Out Over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours - 5. 00 Per half day of 4 hours 3. 00 Per hour 1. 00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: Canyon Hotel— To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) 2. 50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) 3. 00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles) ---______________ 3. 00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles) –––––––––––––––––– 3.00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles) –––––––––––––––––––– 4. 00 To Devil’s Ink Well and return (8 miles) 4. 00 Old Faithful Inn— To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) --_______ ----------- 2. 59 TO Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) 3. 00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) 4. 00. Mammoth Hotel— To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) --__________ 4. 00 To Summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles).--------- 4. 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) 4.00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) –––––– 2. 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) ------------------- 2. 00 Foot of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each 6. O0 NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either hotels or lodges. - # - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 69 Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES Bell system long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. Bell system long distance is available at the following points within the park: Mammoth Telephone “Office, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Canyon Hotel, Canyon Lodge, and West Yellowstone Post Office. Standard Bell system rates between points in the park are as follows: Station-to-station day rates Canyon to Lake :- $0.10 Canyon to Manmmoth___. - . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone . 30 Lake to Canyon ... 10 Lake to Mammoth - . 30 Lake to Old Faithful . 20 Lake to West Yellowstone . 30 Mammoth to Canyon - . 20 Mammoth to Lake - - . 30 Mammoth to Old Faithful - . 35 Mammoth to West Yellowst :- - . 30 , Old Faithful to Canyon . . 25 Old Faithful to Lake_. - . 20 Old Faithful to Mammoth . 35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone :- . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon - . 30 West Yellowstone to Lake . 30 West Yellowstone to Mammoth ... 30 West Yellowstone to Old Faithful . 15 YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS CO. The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern Entrance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Com- pany is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. ‘st RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS Co. Lodge RATES 4%-day tours: 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transporta- tion .CO $20, 00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights’ lodging. If the trip is So arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the Lodge & Camps Co. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served be- tween the time of registering and the time of checking out, regard- less of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan operation. Meals and lodging, American plan: Per day 4. 50 Breakfast 1. OO Lunch 1, 00 Dinner 1. 00 Lodging and breakfast 2. 50 Meals served in guests' sleeping Cabins, extra, each---------------- . 25 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) 70 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge: Breakfast $1.00 T,111mſeh 1. 50 Dinner 1. 00. Tuod gi In g 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) HouseſkEEIPING CABINS AND TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP, GROUNDS Log and frame or canvas and frame cabin occupied by 1 person, per day . 75 Log and frame or canvas and frame cabin occupied by 2 or more per- Sons, per day, per person ge 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or cabin—1 double bedstead, 1 bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 table, 1 bench, 1 mirror. Double tent or cabin—1 double bedstead, 1 single bedstead, 1 double bed spring, 1 single bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 mirror, 1 table, 2 benches. Double tent or cabin—2 double bedsteads, 2 bed springs, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benches, 2 mirrors. Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the follow- ing items: Standard-size mattress for 2 people, per day------------------ . 25 Single-size mattress for 1 person, per day .25 Blanket, per day . 25 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, Set, per day---- . 40 |Use of above set of linen, each additional day--------'- - - - --— — — — — — — . 25 Frying pan, stew pan, coffeepot, cup, plate, knife, fork, Spoon, Set, per day - . 25 Coffeepot, frying pan, stew pan, each article, per day-------------- . 05 Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day . 05 Cup and plate, set, per day-- . 05 Teakettle, per day - . 05 Lodging in fully equipped tent or cabin, 1 person, per day-------------- 1. 50 (Children under 8, half rate; children under 2, free.) In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), West Thumb, and Canyon automobile camps, cafeteria service is avail- able. At Tower Falls automobile camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge automobile camp grounds at reasonable prices. BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave * $0.25 Neck shave . 10 Hair cutting (men) . 65 Women’s hair cut, boy style . 75 Straight bob - . . 60 Shingle, back only . . 50 All other hair cuts for WOmen . 75 Shampoo (men), plain - . 50 Women’s shampoo (plain bobbed hair) - . 75–1.00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1. 50 Rinses . 25— . 75 Head £º . 50 Scalp treatment - 1, 00 Face massage (men) . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator . . 75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1. 00–1. 50 Clay pack 1. 50 Manicure . . (5 YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAIA. PARK 71 Women’s marcel - - :------ $0.75–1.00 Round curl - . 75 Finger wave 1. 00 Water Wave 1. 0ſ) Women’s hair dressing, plain - . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy - - - - 1. 00–2, 00 TRafh . 50 Swimming, pool: Admission, suit, and towel - - - . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5 no charge).---------- .25 Shoe polish . s- - - - - . 15 . GUIDES AND SADDLE: HORSES Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges (rates do not include guide service) : - Per full day, 8 hours $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours - - - 2. 50 Per hour - . . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Special guides provided, if available, for individuals or parties on the following basis: - Per guide, per day of 8 hours 5. 00 Per guide, per half day of 4 hours 3.00 Per guide, per hour - . . 1. 00 For fishing trips from all lodges, including saddle horse and mounted #. service (minimum 3 persons), the following special rates are IIla Cie : , - - . Per person— - All day, 8 hours - 5. 00 Three-fourths day, 6 hours - 4. O0 One-half day, 4 hours -- 3. 00. (For º of less than 3 persons see rate above for special guides. ' a Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges: Canyon Lodge— . … - - To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles) ––––––––––––––––– 3.00 To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles) - 3.00 To Elk Park and return (9 miles) 2. 00 To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) 2. 50 Mammoth Lodge— - • • . To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ----------- 4.00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) -------- 4. 00 To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles) ------------ 4. 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) 4. 00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) ––––– 2. 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) ------------------- 2.00 To foot of Electric Peak and return— - For 1 person 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each 6. 00 Old Faithful Lodge— To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) 3.00 To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) –––––––––––––––––––– 2. 50 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) –––––––––––––––––––– 4. 00 Roosevelt Lodge— To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) 3.00 To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles) ------------------- 5. 00 To Tower Falls and return (4 miles) 1. 50 To Lost Lake and return (4 miles) 3.00 All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the Camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips 72 TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE of 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. - - Cost per day per person 1 person $27.00 2 persons 17. 00 3 persons 14.00 4 persons 13.00 5 perSons 12.00 6 persons 11. 00 7 persons or more – 10.00 FISIBIING TACKLE, Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net: First day . 50 Each additional day . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. - NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates, - TELEGRAMS. From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodges. - - Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES. (See Bell System long-distance telephone rates, p. 69.) 2. AccoMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON The hotels are open from June 20 to September 19 only. The lodges are open for standard service from June 20 to September 19, but limited accommodations, of an informal character are avail- able from June 1 to the opening of the official season, and for a short time after its close. Housekeeping cabin accommodations will be available as soon after June 1 as practical and will remain open until September 25 or later. These accommodations will be of the same type as during the regular season. The cafeterias will be open at the same time, but will serve meals “table d'hôte ” instead of offering the regular cafe- teria service. - Meals and informal accommodations for motorists can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gaso- line and groceries may be procured at approved prices. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs of their YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK †3 sown manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted en- largements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guidebooks; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. - - SCHEDULE OF RATES OF THE AUTHORIZED PEIOTOGRAPHER Photo finishing, developing: *, * 6 and 8 exposure rôll filras 11% by 1% to 5 by 7____________ $0.15 to $0.50 10 and 12 exposure roll films 1% by 214 to 4 by 5–––––– — .25 to .44 32 exposure film packs 1% by 2% to 5 by 7–––––– .39 to . 65 Printing glossy ferrotyped (dull, 1 cent extra): y by 414 - Photographic repairs, Service, per hour------------------ $1.50 Photo Supplies, accessories, cameras, equipment, and supplies, films, motion-picture instruments at current prices. Books: Discovery of Yellowstone Park, poster cover, $1; de luxe 1.50 Toolish Questions, by Jack Chaney - . 75 Haynes Guide Book, poster cover, $1; de luxe ---_____ - 1. 50 Lantern slide lecture on the park, Story of the Yellow- - Stone - - 1. 00 Maw's Vacation, by Emerson Hough . 75 Trees and Flowers of Yellowstone National Park, by F. E. A. "Thone - - 1. 00 TVellowstone National Park, by Chittend * * * - 3. 00 Albums, pictures, specialties: - lbum— - . . . . . Masterpieces of Yellowstone National Park, 12 in color - - 2. 00 Rotogravure, 9 by 13, 32 pp., souvenir album--------- . 50 Treasures of Yellowstone National Park, 20 in color—— 1. 25 Yellowstone. The Wonderland Domain of Bears------ . 50 Calendars, illustrated - : , 25 and up. Color photogravures de luxe 8 by 9% to 14 by 24––––––––– .35 to 2.50 Colorgraphs, set of 12, 10 by 13 in full color------------- 1. 50 Gems and Scenic gems, folders___: . 15, 2 for . 25 Lantern slides; hand painted, $1.50; set of 100––––––––––– 125. 00 Photographic miniatures, per set of 12–––––––––––––––––– . 25 Photographs, black and white, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21––––––––– ... 10 to 3. 50 Photographs, Sepia, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60------------------ . 75 to 25. 00 Pictures, hand painted, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60-------------- . 50 to 50, 00 Souvenir playing cards, O. F. deck, $1; de luxe deck------ 1.35 Souvenir post cards, 3 for 5e; per dozen, 20c.; set of 50 -— . 50 Set of 100, $1; Set of 12 flower Subjects———--——— . 25 Souvenir colored miniatures, per set of 20––––––––––––– . 25 Transparencies, hand painted, 7 by 10, $10; 12 by 17––––– - 20.00 Other items including books, etchings, frames, games, maps, paintings, Sand Souvenirs, albums, and other pictorial souvenirs, apparatus, and Supplies at current prices. stores AND NEws stands At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK room and cafeteria. . . t - At Old Faithful, Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates two general stores; one near the hotel and the other in the public auto camp for camp- ers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the Canyon district. - - At Tower Falls a general store and delicatessen is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to com- plete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers’ supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, films, photographs, post cards, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc. g In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc., are also available. All store and news stand charges' are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after * season to serve motorists, weather º; a;. l shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch and after park season lodging and meals are available at Faith- ful and Fishing Bridge stores. 3. - - WOOD FOR FUEL The Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. operates wood yards in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of con- venient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. x < * * - - - One bundle of wood approximately 12 inches long by 14 inches in diameter with fire starter and book of matches, 25 cents. TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK . Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11-passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the tourist season, regardless of weather or vol- ume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and out- going trains at the various park gateways. • The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. Refunds will be made for services paid for but not furnished except that no refund will be made for transportation on account of loop trips where the passenger has been transported to Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, $ºn Pass, and Mammoth or Norris. . YELLOWSTONE, NATIONAL PARK 75 The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. . . . . . . . . . - RATEs of YELLowsTone: PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. PARK FOUR - : - From any entrance, tour of park including Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Dunraven Pass, and Mammoth or Norris, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance . $25,00 NoTE.—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander gateways, applies only in connection with authorized paid rail tickets of Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Rail- way. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway passengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont. ; otherwise, extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrange to the park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Railway passengers must hold rail tickets from east of O’Neill, Nebr. ; other- Wise extra auto fare from Lander to south entrance of park, or vice versa, is $16.50. . . . . . . ~ : y -- On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, each passenger, extra - . . . . . . . - On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G–C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G-W), tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass º returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, . ExII*; ... . On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful, may continue Same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- able at Canyon, each passenger, extra 5. OO On regular park tour, from Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra - - 2. 00 5. OO 12. 50 Local FARES FOR SIDE TRIPs - (On busses not operating in connection with park tours) From Mammoth : . Terraces and Buffalo Corral Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls___________ Roosevelt Lodge (Tower Falls Junction)— One Way Round trip From Old Faithful : Hurry trips to geysers Black Sand Basin Lone Star Geyser From Canyon : Top of Mount Washburn and return Either side of canyon Bear feeding ground and return From Roosevelt Lodge (minimum 5 fares) : Soda Butte and return (per person) Cooke and return (per person) Mammoth— - One way *— Round trip # : : : º f ź. º : 76. YELLOwston E NATIONAL PARK - ... Logai, FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS • , . . . (On busses operating in connection with park tours) . . . . . Gardiner to: Mammoth --- - --- $0.75 : Mammoth and return - - - I 1.25 . West Yellowstone * 8.25 Old Faithful -. - 8. 50 Canyon (via Norris) 5. 75 West Yellowstone to : - - - * Old Faithful 4.50 Mammoth 7. 50 Gardiner 8: 25 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway— -* One way 10. 00. ” Round trip 17. 50 Old Faithful to : ...) West Yellowstone 4. 50 Lake to : - - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge 4. 25 Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return 8. 50 Cody - 10. 75 Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) 21.00 - Cody to : - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge---. 6. Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and feturn 12. . Lake r - - - 10. 75 - . Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) - 21. 00. , Canyon 14, 25 . . Mammoth to : & . Gardiner . - . 75 Gardiner and réturn west Yellowstóñé Old Faithful—-...-- . Canyon (via Norris) ------ Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to: Ody - * 1,3 - ––– 50 . . Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) -- 12. 50 Take - * * - 25 . . Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) 50: . Canyon - Canyon to : • 1. Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge__ 75: Cody 14. 25 West Yellowstone (via Norris) 25 Mammoth 25 Gardiner –. 00 Roosevelt Lodge Roosevelt Lodge to : 5 () Mammoth 75 Gardiner 50 Moran, Wyo., to : Yellowstone Lake - - 10. 50 Canyon 14. 00 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to : West Yellowstone, one way 10. 00. Round trip 17. 50 RATES FOR CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. BAGG-AGE-TRUNRS, Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk - . Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK 77 SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE SERVICE Special Lincoln touring cars for complete tours—$25 per day, in addition to a minimum of 5 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time the car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateways, railway terminal, or station in the park. This charge does not include service beyond points Covered by regular buSSes of the company. - Special 11-passenger busses for complete tour, $35 per day in addition to a minimum of 10 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time bus is taken at park entrance until release of bus at exit gateway, railway terminal, Or station in the park. * * t Six-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour - - $6.00 Storage, per day . 50 GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates a speed boat, power boats, and row- boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. No power boats are per- mitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. - - RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT Co. SPEED BOAT Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger____ $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares) –––––––––– 3.00 Half-hour trips, per p *-* 1. 00 - POWER BOATS Excursions to southeast arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $40) 2. 00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle) 20.00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle) 3. 50 ROWBOATS Per day, 8 hours $2.50 Per hour - . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock, near Lake Hotel, from near dock at West Thumb, and at Fishing Bridge, - Rowboats EQUIPPED witH MotoRs Per day, 8 hours .” $10.00 Per hour 2. 50 Boat rental and Services of motor boat and attendants’ time commence at time of leaving the dock until return; or if boat is engaged in advance, charges Start from time for which boat is engaged. - FISEIING TACRLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day------------------ $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. - Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. 36796°–31–6 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK BATH HOUSES (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) SWIMMING POOL–UPPER GEYSER BASIN Swimming pool, including use of bathing suit $0.50 bath - 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5, no charge when accompanied by one or more full-pay bathers) & Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by scoutmaster . 25. Caps . 25 Caps, higher grade . 50 Shoes - 1. 00 Use of inflated floats . 25 OLD FAITH FUL AND FISHING BRIDGE AuTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Tub bath . 50 Showers . 50 Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof . 25 Electric irons, per hour or fraction th ..ſº . 25 MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has headquar- ters at Mammoth Hot Springs, where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are constantly available. A well-equipped hospital with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. Physicians of the medical-service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are provided with adequately equipped dispensaries. In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse you should proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical service can be summoned by telephone. Rates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPHNG PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces vast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern visitors has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the parlance of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude" ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 79 houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904, when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton Brothers “Dude Ranch * at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellowstone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North of Sheridan, in the Birney (Mont.) ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are dis- covered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois (Wyo.) dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip of both parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crow and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is un- equaled. CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements, can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters and their rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellow- stone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. . The National Parks Portfolio (FIFTH EDITION) Bound securely in cloth One dollar PRESENTATION of the national TA parks and national monuments in picture. The selection is from the best work of many photographers, professional and amateur. It con- tains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger. chapter devoted to other parks and monuments. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. "Sent postpaid, upon receipt of price in cash or money order, by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 80 Fountain Geyser LOWER GEYSER BAS|N Photograph by Col. C. H. Birdseye, U.S. Geological Survey Terrace Falls Union Falls |N THE FALLS R | VER SECTION Haynes Photograph OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINT ING OFFICE : 1931 -- - UNITED STATES JAN 26 ſº DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR / 42 RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY M S NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - HORACE. M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING THE IMPERIAL GEYSER Season from June 20 to September 19 Photo by Joseph Joffe Haynes Photograph CAMPING IN MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOMOBILE CAMP As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the tourist season Genera//4 //- 2 7- 37 The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this infor- mation circular and contains more illustrations and historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. C O N T E N TS General description The geysers-------- Other hot-water phenomena------- Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls--- Remarkable fossil forests Great wild-life refuge - * * - Trout fishing---- The Grand Teton National Park-------------------------------- Sylvan Pass and the Red Canyon of the Shoshone The trail system------- Administration of the park Protection of the park----------------------------------------- The Guide, Lecture, and Museum Service The rules and regulations The tourist season Railroad information---------------------------------------------- Detailed travel information------------------------------------- Transportation and accommodations Telegrams-------------------------------------------------------- Post office------ Automobile highway information Automobiles in the park Free camp grounds Gasoline, oil, etc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The park milepost system----------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park tour—Principal points of interest.------------------ Gardiner, the northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.)---------------------------------------------------- The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------------- Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------- Mountain climbing------------------------------------ Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------- Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)---------------- * Norris Junction (N. J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.) -------------- Norris Geyser Basin - - º S Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon S. 91964°–30—1 - `-- IP3 ge II CONTENTS * Yellowstone Park tour—Principal points of interest—Continued. Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.) ----------------- Lower Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Midway Geyser Basin ------------------------------------- Upper Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- Trails and side trips from Old Faithful----------------------- Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.)-- The West Thumb (W. T.) - - - - ----------------------------,- West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.) -------------------- Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge-------------------------------- Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge----------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.)-------------------------------------- Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.) ----------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.)----------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------------- Grand Canyon-------------------------------------------- Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) ----------- Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)-------------------------------- Side trips from Tower Falls Junction and Roosevelt Lodge_--__ Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) ----- West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------------------------------------- - Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.) -- Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.)--------------------------------------------- Tower Falls Junction (T.. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke City, Mont------------------------------------------- Bozeman, Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance (W. F.)---------------------------------------------------- Yellowstone Park trails-------------------------------------------- Howard Eaton Trail------------------------------------------- Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances---- Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs.--------------------------- Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles----- Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone--------------------- Norris Geyser Basin------------------------------------------- Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin) ------------- Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin).------------------ Fishing in the Yellowstone Park------------------------------------ Wild animals----------------------------------------------------- Rules and regulations: General regulations-------------------------------------------- Literature: Government publications--------------------------------------- Distributed free by the National Park Service---------------- Sold by the Superintendent of Documents.-------------------- References--------------------------------------------------- Other national parks------------------------------------------ National monuments------------------------------------------ Page 30 31 33 34 36 39 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 43 44 45 45 47 47 48 50 52 53 53 54 57 58 58 58 59 59 59 60 61 62 67 71 71 71 72 73 76 76 CONTENTS III - Page Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1930-------------------- 76 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co------------------------------------ 76 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co- - - - - - --------------------- 79 Accommodations before and after season.------------------------- 83 Photographs of the park-------------------------------------- – 83 Stores and news stands---------------- ------------------------ 84 Transportation in the park------------------------------------- 85 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake ------------------------------- 88 Bathhouse, Upper Geyser Basin- - - - - --------------------------- 89 Personally conducted camping parties - - - - ----------------------- 90 Dude (tourist) ranches------------------------------------ 90 Camping parties with licensed guides----------------------- 91. MAPs AND ILLUSTRATIONS COWER Imperial Geyser-------------------------------------------* Outside front Madison Junction Museum------------------------------------ Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp----------- Inside front Fountain Geyser----------------------------------------- --- Inside back Falls in Falls River section------------------------------------ Inside back Old Faithful Geyser----------------------------------------------- Back TEXT Page Ideal section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried forests--------------------------------------- 6 Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National Lake---------------------------------------------------------- 9 Map showing railroad routes connecting the western national parks------ 13 Map showing automobile routes connecting the western national parks--- 17 Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs.------------------------------ 23 Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin--------------------------------- 28 Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin- - - - - - --------------------------- 32 Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin - - - - - — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 35 Map of Yellowstone Park------------------------------------------ 42. Sketch map of Grand Canyon-------------------------------------- 45 THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE Name of park [Number, 21; total area, 12,118 square miles] Location | Area in Square miles Grand Canyon------- Grand Teton.--------- 1929 & TH awaii Southwestern Utah------- Southwestern Oregon.----- Middle eastern California- Northwestern Montana--- North central Arizona----- Northwestern Wyoming-- Hawaii 1916 Hot Springs---------- 1921 Mount McKinley---- 1917 Mount Rainier------- 1899 Middle Arkansas--------- Northern California------- Southwestern Colorado- -- South central Alaska------ West central Washington.-- Southern Oklahoma------- North middle Colorado--- Middle eastern California- North Dakota.------------ Zion------------------ - South Dakota Northwestern Wyoming, southwestern Montana, and northeastern Idaho. Middle eastern California- Southwestern Utah------- 16 249 4 1, 534 1,009 163 2,645 325 378 120 Distinctive characteristics The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island and also bold point on opposite mainland across Frenchmans Bay—Formerly called the Lafayette Na- tional Park. - Box canyon filled with countless array of fantastically eroded pinnacles—Best ex- hibit of vivid coloring of earth's materials. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of ex- tinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high-In- teresting lava formations—Fine fishing. Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, 40.3 feet in diameter—31 milesbytrail from Sequoia National Park. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 Small glaciers— Precipices thousands of feet deep- Almost sensational scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout fishing. The greatest example of erosion and the most Sublime spectacle in the world. Includes most spectacular portion of Teton Mountains, a granite uplift of unus grandeur. Interesting volcanic areas—Kilauea and auna Loa, active volcanoes on the * island of Hawaii; Haleakala, a huge ex- tinct volcano on the island of Maui. 46 hot springs said to possess healing proper- ties—Many hotels and boarding houses— 19 bathhouses under Government super- vision. Reserved by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Reservation to prevent exploitation of hot waters. Only active volcano in United States proper—Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet—Cinder Cone, 6,913 feet—Hot springs—Mud eySerS. Mºš notable and best preserved prehis- toric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Highest mountain in North America— Rises higher above Surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. Largest accessibie single peak glacier sys- tem; 28 glaciers, some of large size; 48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful Subalpine wild-flower fields. Sulphur and other Springs possessing me- dicinal value. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. The Big Tree National Park—Scores of Se- quoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter, General Sherman Tree, 37.3 feet in diameter and 273.9 feet high—Towering mountain ranges—Start- ling precipices—Mount Whitney and Kern River country. Small park with woods, streams, and a lake—Is a wild-animal preserve. Cavern having several miles of galleries and numerous chambers containing peculiar formations. More geysers than in all rest of world to- gether—Boiling springs—Mud volca- noes—Petrified forests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, remarkable for gor- geous coloring—Large lakes—Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wilderness, one of the greatest wild bird and animal preserves in the world—Exceptional trout fishing. ' Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Romantic vistas—Many water- falls of extraordinary height—3 groves of Big Trees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and scenicinterest. .* YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone National Park was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revising its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. - The Yellowstone is probably the best known of our national parks. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. The Yellowstone National Park is located in northwestern Wyo- ming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho.” It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surround- ing it on the South, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geo- logical speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's Summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the con- formation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is sug- gestive even to the unscientific eye. * Of the park area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 245 square miles within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles within the State of Idaho. *N. 1 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and River- side, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser’s crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. - At last the steam from the water in the bottom expands so rapidly under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so the water bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the superheated water below, which instantly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, accord- ing to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at the Old Faithful Museum. This geyser, when in action, plays at short regular intervals. The water is heated electrically in a metal tube and finds its way to the surface through a winding tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 3 OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build terraces of beautifully incrusted basins high up into the air, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water pours over the edges of these carved basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, painting them with hues of red and pink and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small, imperfectly formed geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well- marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many in- stances beautifully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visit- ing “The Grand Canyon " without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. s - * * The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and pours downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious kaleidoscope of color. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the plunging river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. - DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass and the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has TVELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE -- 5 few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests of Yellowstone Park may be found over exten- sive areas in the northern portion of the park, being especially abundant along the west side of Lamar River for about 20 miles above its junction with the Yellowstone. Here the land rises rather abruptly to a height of approximately 2,000 feet above the valley floor. It is known locally as Specimen Ridge, and forms an ap- proach to Amethyst Mountain. . 4. One traversing the valley of the Lamar River may see at many places numerous upright fossil trunks in the faces of nearly vertical walls. These trunks are not all at a particular level, but occur at irregular heights; in fact, a section cut down through these 2,000 feet of beds would disclose a succession of fossil forests, as in the accompanying illustration. That is to say, after the first forest grew and was entombed by volcanic ash there was a time without volcanic outburst—a period long enough to permit a second forest to grow above the first. This in turn was covered by volcanic material and preserved, to be followed again by a period of quiet, and these more or less regular alternations of volcanism and forest growth continued throughout the time the beds were in process of formation. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years and no geologist would dare to predict that within a few thousand years the forests of the Yellowstone will not again be buried by volcanic ash, on the top of which may flourish a new Yellowstone. * . . There is also a small fossil forest containing a number of standing trunks near Tower Falls, and in the eastern portion of the park along Lamar River in the vicinity of Cache, Calfee, and Miller Creeks there are many more or less isolated trunks and stumps of fossil trees. In the northwest corner of the park, in the Gallatin Mountains, between the Gallatin and Yellowstone Rivers, another petrified forest, covering more than 35,000 acres and containing many wonderful upright trunks, exists. These wonders are easily reached with saddle horses. . - - - - ; GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most suc- cessful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,426 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 307 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK § §. -º-º: ſº PS ~ tºº: §§ §º. º º ºš Rºjº §§ º: ſº Ç º º º: §:# 5 Es:- º ººlſ Kºš gºś tºº & º Sºfº” – tº 5 --- º sº-ººººº- ---- cº-º-º-º-º-º-º: Sºº-ºº: k--> ==º --- E==ºmº- º ########### & \ º *::::=5:Fºº:S;º § . ºś §§§ ºš Šºššº ãºś ºš É. =====º ºfflº, ºxº $523 SES ºf ׺:Eº º ğ: IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDS OF SPECIMIEN RIDGE, SEHOWING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FOREST.S. AFTER HOLMES \ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7 and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders’ camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. BEARS Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious are proved by our national parks' experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to molest, touch, or tease the bears. - The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the same species—the blonds and brunettes of the same family, so to speak—are numerous in the park. They are greedy and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Food left in cars tempts bears to cause damage. Visitors must not feed bears as this has resulted in the past in many injuries, some of which have been severe. Mo bears are safe and many are dangerous. - This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of a thousand buffalo. It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellow- stone Lake. TROUT FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout, which often attain great size. Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely 8 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAREC from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. - The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. . There is excellent fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. Detailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 59. THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraor- dinary, massing of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclama- tion dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actu- ally to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. - Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man * of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at ieisure. -- * - . -. - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of con- tributing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. & - The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone National Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 50 miles, and an addi- tional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each É's of these lakes, as well as #. from points on the road ; leading to them, views of º Teton Mountains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey required. Auto- mobile stages run from . Yellow st one Park to Moran and back, on reg- sylvan PASS AND THE RED CANYON OF THE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes canyon so vividly colored and so rem a r k a bly is . carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints it- self indelibly upon mem- that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock sh a pes silhouette d against the sky. And miles farther on, where the united forks - O t # ; ; ; ; == 4. a. ul ## 3 H: O <ſ g iſ tº 0. til 2 u) F #3 # * c.9) Lil e *—## lying ; gº # ºr ###. É #: # ####_ſ #Q #### #### : 55.8 : § III : Z z O § H f Ü) # à 33 -I - uj ul U) x > ºf 5 III ſº # T z O ..? # O in u) in F •' º #9 § § 3. 3 £; tr} 50 § O 5 > f red - walled III I. H It is no wonder 2 ; # \,\ \% Ny § 3 Zºyſ; 35 E as: }/.3 tº TzTºº! /* > - zº O NYS O %/, És ; § 6 % g; 3: - *:2, 7& ( ; ? 8 3 3 8 ##! rº. tn Shoshone won § 3 ; ; § go tº § # # | 3. 3 3 ; s ; 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. - - - THE TRAIL SYSTEM Yellowstone National Park was finally motorized in 1917. The reduction of time required to travel between points of special in- terest, permits the visitor to spend a far greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sightseeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping equipment. r - - . To facilitate the protection of the park and to meet the needs of visitors, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and several hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before start- ing, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 53 to 56 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. t . . ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the execu- tive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and super- vision. The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 11 Wyo. All complaints and suggestions regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless tourists. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given evenings, and the service is ren- dered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. * . The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in a building near the superintendent's office at Mammoth and at the Old Faithful Museum. This is a free service for all tourists. Circulars of general information regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellow- stone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on Geysers, Geological History, Fossil Forests, and Fishes of the Yellowstone are on sale at nominal charges, and also topographical maps of this park. A small museum of the natural history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau at Mammoth. A branch museum devoted largely to geyser activity and its products is situated at Old Faithful between the inn and the auto camp. A trail-side museum at Norris Geyser Basin is devoted to the thermal features of the area, and one at Madison Junction is devoted to historical events of the park. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 62–71, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States Commissioner for the park, Judge John W. - Meldrum. . . . . - 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK THE TOURIST SEASON The tourist season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. (See p. 83.) Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- road also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific System reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont.; the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 54 miles; and the Chicago & North Western Railroad has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 174 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily automobile service. During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and . South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these five gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other four. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde. . - Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations, will find stop- over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Poca- tello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets; or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round- trip tickets. Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sightseeing ” tour of the park of about five days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park, The National Park Service, however, recommends to the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARE 13 traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days, but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. - *. MAP SEIOWING RAILROAD ROUTES CONNECTING THE WESTERN NATIONAL PARKS Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers 91964°–30—2 * 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK enter the park, i.e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. . DETAILED TRAVEL INFORMATION For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS There are four hotels, six lodges, and an automobile transporta- tion line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 67 to 71, inclusive. - For authorized rates of the public utilities see last pages of this 'book. - The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for pas- sengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. - 9. Liability of transportation company for loss of baggage in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. Tourists desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, West Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge (the outlet of Yellow- stone Lake), the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. Photo finishing plants are operated at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), and photographs, enlargements, souvenir post cards, and other photographic supplies are available at these stores, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 15 TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of un- delivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. Post office The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad tourists are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depend- ing upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth Hotel and Mam- moth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mam- moth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. . In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal sta- tions in the park at Old Faithful, Lake Outlet, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. - AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION The Yellowstone National Park may be reached by motorists over good connecting automobile roads from a number of the main trans- continental automobile highways. Gardiner, the northern entrance to the park, is reached from Livingston, Mont., on both the National Parks Highway and the Yellowstone Trail, which traverse Montana by approximately the same route. A map and information concern- ing the National Parks Highway can be obtained from the National Parks Highway Association, Spokane, Wash. Information concern- ing the Yellowstone Trail can be obtained from the Yellowstone Trail Association, Minneapolis, Minn. - 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The Cody or eastern entrance may be reached from the National Parks Highway or Yellowstone Trail by turning south from Bill- ings, Mont., and following the main traveled highway via Laurel, Bridger, and Powell to Cody, Wyo. West Yellowstone at the western entrance can be reached from the above main highways from Bozeman, Mont., traveling up the Galla- tin Valley, and from Missoula or Butte, Mont., via the Ruby Walley or the valley of the Madison River. Inquiry should be made at the various cities concerning road conditions. - The Lincoln Highway traverses southern Wyoming, and motorists traveling this route may reach Yellowstone Park by the eastern or Cody entrance by turning north at Cheyenne and following the Yel- lowstone Highway via Casper, Thermopolis, and Cody, or they may reach West Yellowstone, the western entrance, by turning north at Salt Lake City and following the main traveled road through Idaho via Ogden, Utah, and Pocatello and Idaho Falls. The southern or Snake River entrance is reached from this Idaho highway by turning east at Sugar City, crossing the Teton Basin, thence crossing the Teton Mountains via the Teton Pass into the Jackson Hole country. This trip affords wonderful views of the Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Lake. The southern entrance may also be reached from the Lincoln Highway via Lander, Dubois, Togwotee Pass, and Moran, leaving the Lincoln Highway at Rawlins, Wyo., or turning north from the highway at Rock Springs, by using the Hoback Canyon route, via Pinedale, Hoback Canyon, Jackson, and Moran. The Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific Highway also enters the park by way of Lander after crossing Wyoming from the Black Hills. For in- formation concerning this highway write to the secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. . - - Yellowstone Park is also reached through the Cody or eastern entrance by the Black and Yellow Trail, and the Custer Battlefield Hiway, both of which traverse the Black Hills and give direct access to the Custer State Park and the Wind Cave National Park of South Dakota, and the Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; both also cross the Big Horn Mountains. The Custer Battlefield Hiway also leads to Glacier Park, and by taking the main highways west from Billings, Mont., travelers on this route may reach the north gateway of the Yellowstone. For information concerning the Black and Yellow Trail, address the Huron Chamber of Commerce, Huron, S. Dak. Address W. D. Fisher, secretary, Custer Battlefield Hiway, Mitchell, S. Dak., for information relative to this highway. From Glacier National Park tourists may reach Yellowstone by any one of the following routes: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 17 - The Geysers-to-Glaciers Trail via Choteau, Wolf Creek Canyon, Helena, Three Forks, Bozeman, and West Yellowstone. - The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line via Choteau, Great Falls, White Sulphur Springs, and Livingston. S F g : * * * **** * * * MAP SEIOWING ALTOMOBILE ROUTES CONNECTING THE WESTERN NATIONAL PARKS . The Flathead Valley Route via Kalispell, Missoula, Butte, Boze- man, and Livingston, or by turning off at Butte or Bozeman, routes as above discussed, leading to the western entrance, may be fol- lowed. - - - - - 18 VELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Most of our national parks are linked together by the National Park-to-Park Highway, dedicated in 1920. - AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 68.) FREE CAMP GROUNDS A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improve- ment. In these camp grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is available at nominal cost. Cooking grates are provided. These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of cars. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of interest, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to sanitation in all camp grounds. GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company carries a stock of standard automobile parts, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, outlet of Lake Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. - FUEL “Wood cafeterias” are operated by the Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. - - - THE PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond- shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case ini- tials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart, Fractions of miles have sometimes been YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 19 dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gate- way, and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. - - The following is a key to the milepost initials: N. E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. East entrance, 54 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S. E. South entrance, 27 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop System. N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop System. - C. J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J. Tower Falls Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke City leaves the loop system. C. C. Cooke City entrance, on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Falls Junction. Mt. W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. As the map between pages 42 and 43 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop " Highway. There are 141.8 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 71.3 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 94.3 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 28 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone National Forest and 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest. …' 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK YELLOWSTONE PARK TOUR.—PRINCIPAL POINTS OF - INTEREST GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)2 (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no good camp site near the town. The Mammoth automobile camp is located on the eastern edge of Mammoth Hot Springs, near the headquar- ters power plant, slightly over 4 miles from Gardiner. This is the first camping site upon entering the park from the north. The dis- tance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along the Gardiner River. Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 1% miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mam- moth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is ob- tained a magnificient view to the south and east. It is named from a tomblike rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as im- * The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop road at Madison Junction (M. J.) 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 30.) The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 47. The road from the Southern entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 40.) The route from the southern entrance is given on p. 50. The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L. J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 41.) The route from Cody is given on p. 48. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 21 plied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 11% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the Superintendent's Office; United States Commissioner's Office; Mammoth Information Office and Museum; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park (Wyo.), post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. The road forks one-half mile farther south at the top of the hill. Mammoth Lodge is straight ahead. The main highway to the right leads to a loop road around the hot spring formations as well as to Norris Geyser Basin. Follow the road one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge to the buffalo corral where a small herd of buffalo may be seen. There is a small camp site near the buffalo corral. The main attractions in the Mammoth region are the large and beautiful hot springs and terraces. No private camping is permitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 7.4 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs In seeing the springs and terraces the directions here given are , usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation. It is similar to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyser- ite. Under favorable conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Objects lying for a day or two in the water fre- quently show a substantial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a tempera- ture of 180° F. From Liberty Cap the trail goes to the north and around New Hymen Terrace to the arch designating the Terrace Trail. After partly circling Old Hymen. Terrace, which is only occasionally active, the trail leads to Devils Thumb, similar in origin to Liberty Cap. 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK O The trail now climbs to Mound Terrace and Minerva Terrace with its Grotto. With Main Terrace to the left, the trail bears to the right past Oleopatra Terrace, then up the stairs and along the top of a ridge which was once an active terrace similar to Narrow Gauge Terrace, which is next. These two formations were built up by springs which emerged along a fissure. Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now ex- tinct. From this place the trial parallels the auto road past The Buttress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring Mound, a prominent knob of travertine (hot springs deposit) which is slowly building up. From here the trail branches to the left and goes di- rectly to the Devils Kitchen. The trail branching to the right passes Stygian Caves, White Elephant Back Terrace and eventually leads to Devils Kitchen. Since these features lack the interest which they once held, the trail has been shortened to go directly to the Devils Kitchen, the fissure of an ancient hot spring. The tour- ist should note that this is the only opening that is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small ani- mals fall victims annually to the gas, especially in the Stygian Caves which are the most dangerous of all. The Kitchen marks the high point of the Terrace Trail. From here it leads down past New Highland Terrace, Glen Springs, Old Angel, and on to Angel Ter- face. The latter is considered by many to be the most beautiful of all the terraces. The numerous dead trees found here are not petri- fied but are well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. - - º From Angel Terrace the trail goes over the ridge to the north, thence down to Blue Springs. By standing near these powerful . springs or at a point near Canary Spring, once quite active and lo- cated just south of Blue Springs, one can observe the wonderful colorings of the pools and terraces. The color is due to micro- scopic plants called algae, which give shades varying from delicate peach, through brown to dark green. Long stands of a yellow- colored substance may be noticed in places. Most of this yellow is caused by minute forms of life known as bacteria. At many places upon the broad bench of Jupiter Terrace, the springs present the appearance of boiling, though most of their temperatures are far below the boiling point, which is approximately 198° F. at this altitude. The violent agitation is due to the escape of gases, largely carbonic acid gas. From Canary Spring the trail leads down along- side Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot spring terrace in the world, past YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 Houseke EPING CABINS * * retto WS rowe PARA: ###";" sºftgas fittiwo starlow *} wº custo smokº Capitol Hill cAMP WAREHOUSE v. s. cowusstowers office? * * N voj Liberty Gap **o / // Hymen ſodevil Thumb sº Terrace / **o º f. °old Palette Spring f - - MAMMOTH LODGE - ~ swimming Poo - .* - .* * * . .” - - - N. Minerva £/ \ Terrace...4 / Sº / • / QS All 2^ ound Terrace º' Terrace * Kleopatra Terrace 2^ e Jupiter e- 233; ,” - ***, § : Terrace 2 * Terráce ºff - - 2. º @ §. / prings f Blue @ / \\ Ø Springs <} Ganaſy. N. - Spri Narrow \ wº o o £7% - z sº ...------Yº .” º wº Gauge - Terrace rºw', 2^ - Gºo toleops Mound 2^ \ i Glen Spring 2. New Highlando ...; errace ...” Angel § Lookout Points Terracá & SS \ & NA \ Devils Kitchen \ o, 5- ~~ o Old Angel Terrace. * \ - Orange Spring SRCALE or FEET. “2, 250 TST 250 Tºo Tºo -2. - & Road & º & \ - - - - - - - - Formation Trail -- - - - - - - Nattire Trail - SKETCH MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool, and down the board walk to Liberty Gap. - - McCartney Cave is an old extinct spring. Its wire-covered open- ing may be found in the lawn near the tennis court. Free guide service is available twice daily over the Terrace Trail. A ranger naturalist takes a party over the formations, pointing out and explaining the various features to those who make the trip. Lectures are also given in the evenings by these men at the hotel, Jodge, and auto camp. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS Clematis Gulch Wature Trail.—Two-mile nature-study walk be- ginning at Hymen Terrace and returning by way of hot springs, if desired. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled and explained. No guide necessary. - Rangers' Wature T'rail.—Five-mile round-trip horseback ride, starting through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are ex- tensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals themselves. Guide necessary. Around Bunsen Peak.-Ten miles by partly improved automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. makes the trip available to rail tourists as well as to private motorists. w Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. . Buffalo herds.--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral one- half mile south of Mammoth Lodge, on road from Bunsen Peak. Guide not needed. Formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke City. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison under fence or herder, but usually inaccessible to motorists. Accommoda- tions at Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. - - - Tower Falls (133 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles Southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain Scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Northeastern portion of park-A trip could be made to include the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke City (a picturesque old mining camp), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 25 *4 and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- vides accommodations. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke City, but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 45.) l MOUNTAIN CLIMBING “ Electric Peak (11,155 feet).-Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. * Bunsen Peak (8,600 feet).-South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet).-West of Bunsen Peak. . Mount Everts (7,900 feet).-Northeast. Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles. * Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet).-West 5% miles by well- marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (19.8 miles) . Three miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris 2 Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused man- ner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, were evidently thrown down from higher levels, probably as the result of some violent earthquake shock. One-half mile farther is Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering Kingman Pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 70 feet high. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. * - - On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, . * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK flat summit of Quadrant Mountain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Trilobite Point (9,900), and Mount Holmes (10,300) on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road.' Glen Creek, which flows through Swan Lake Flat, contains many red speckled brook trout. Camping is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for head- quarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 5-mile post. After passing the 7-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. - Gardiner River (7.289 feet) is crossed at the 7-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. At Apollinaris Spring (10 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways leading to the spring for those tourists who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. Obsidian Cliff (12 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,382 feet, is a cliff of black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red, white, and brown forms. It was much used by Indians for arrow- heads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. S. The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. Roaring Mountain (15% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater, the formation gradually spreading to its present size. , Twin Lakes (16 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color—one blue, the other green. Bijah Spring (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is along- side the road. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 27 The Frying Pan (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, Stewing away in a manner that earned its name. - The Norris Ranger Station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook trout. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. - Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N. J.). NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) To cANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) (10.8 miles) The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used generally by the traveling public in coming from the Grand Canyon rather than in going to it from other points. This is due to the traffic rules of the park which guide travel around the loop-road system in a coun- terclockwise direction. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one-half mile south of the Junction. NoRRIS GEYSER BASIN “ (Altitude, 7,550 feet). The path for viewing this formation starts immediately beyond the parking area and follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road near Black Growler Steam, Vent. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with bril- liantly tinted algous growths which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, in a deep pit to the right, and the Black Growler are passed in the order named. Across the road is the branch museum. The new opening of Black Growler first made its appearance in August, 1912, and has steadily increased in power ever since; it is about 100 feet from the old opening and farther down the hill. This serves to illustrate the main characteristic of this basin, which is its unstable- ness. The phenomena of this basin are constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 58. 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK Growler is near the road and is now active. Bathtub Spring, on the left, is sometimes an active geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; at other times it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Spring and some small, recent paint pots to New Crater Geyser. This gey- ser is a comparatively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but unknown to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are (# =# s H= The VReservoir § o Rock Spring Sieve Lak aco-o Boo Goo 9oo 12oo Receptacle Spring teve • - - - … - - /**~~ Co ,” § - Onyx Springe 2^ Q cº- 9tal Springsº, Ts' Ebony Geyserge Iris.Spring & As * - a Grystal Spring wºx Grown Gratero Constant º §r °Arsenk; º ºp %. Whirligig Geyser # Spring º && sº ſ A'. Hurricane or: Went i o %e 6. - - Valentine Geysero) Geyser ; lerſø Black Growler Muse º Muphar Lake Perpetual Spouter &Bathtub Spring w w SEmerald Spring d Minute Man } Q New Grater Geyser, << Geyser , º Monaréh Geyser Grater wº . RAGGED HILLS *A w - e” Ş g tº Echinus Geyser º O sºaress º: . . 9 Fälpitator Spring * w - - )/3Gorporal Geyser - - A - Recess Spring P \ Vixen 3/ &Veteran Geyser & eysery *~~ g * A N - $ - of earl Geyser ** gºgow f Pebble deyser Gone oral Geyser - o º Hydrophane Springs § . . . ). v. Gray Medusa Spring () § Lakes - Sº Cold Springs SKETCH MAP OF NorBIs GEYSER BASIN due mainly to salts of iron derived from minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. Congress Pool, on the left of the road, near the north end of the basin, has been a quiet pool, a boilińg pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occur- ring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different charac- teristics from those of the preceding or following month. Hurricane Vent is a mud vent across the road from Congress Pool. The road from Black Growler leads down the hill to Minute Man Geyser. Beyond Minute Man, near the base of the hill, is Monarch Geyser YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 29 Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for the past 10 years. The path continues south to Fearless, Veteran, Corporal, Viaen, and Pearl Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption. Visit the Trailside Museum located across the road from Black Growler Steam Vent. ELR PARK, GIBBON MEADows, GIBBON CANYON From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (14.3 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, of interest due to the peculiar rock formations. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves Small cones covered with brown algae and iron, giving them the appearance of being chocolate coated. Through Gibbon. Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,335 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther OI). . . At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist Paint Pots, located at the foot of Paint Pot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. Just after crossing Gibbon River the first time (about 5 miles from Norris Junction) is an old trail that leads back up the river, then up the mountain for about three-fourths of a mile to the Monu- ment Geyser Basin, which is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because it is the highest of all the park geyser formations. These cones are more of the type of Lone Star and Lion, Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” .* The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities, but the tourist has time and inclination now only for the more promi- nent. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197.6° F.), on the right, close to the road, is a violently agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (9 miles from Norris), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. . . - The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an inter- esting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junc- 91964°–30—3 - - - 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK --- tion, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet, the road from . West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.) enters the main highway system. ... • This is Madison Junction (M. J.)," altitude 6,805 feet. An his- torical museum is located at this point. - MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) TO OLD FAITH FUL (O. F.) - (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop high- way the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is Na- tional Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establish- ment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Fivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads in the northwestern corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears what is thought by some to be the cross section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rain- bow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. FountAIN RANGER STATION is situated on the left, 5.9 miles from Madison Junction. One-half mile from the ranger station Nez Perce Creek is crossed. This is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. - Opposite the ranger station, a road known as the Fountain Freight Road branches off to the right to rejoin the loop system 5 miles to the south. Two miles from the ranger station on this secondary road, a fork to the right leads to Fairy Creek at the base of Twin Buttes, 2 miles distant. From its terminus a well-beaten path, three- quarters of a mile long, winds through the woods to the huge crater of the Imperial Geyser which burst forth with tremendous fury in the summer of 1928. This geyser plays to a height of 100 to 125 feet for periods of four or five hours, with intervals of rest varying 5 The route from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), is described on p. 47. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK * 31 from 12 to 15 hours. The amount of water thrown out during an - eruption is between 500,000 and 2,000,000 gallons (2,000 to 8,000 tons), enough to furnish a city of 25,000 inhabitants with its water supply. The geyser is of the fountain type, its eruptions closely resembling, on a smaller scale, those of the extinct giant, Excelsior. From Fountain Ranger Station and other points along the main loop highway one may discern whether the new geyser is playing by the intermittent puffs of white steam which roll upward imme- diately to the left of Twin Buttes during eruptions. As this geyser ceased to play for a period in the fall of 1929 its future as a perma- nent geyser is uncertain. Upon leaving the new geyser and returning to the Fountain Freight Road, one may proceed to Old Faithful by turning to the right. The freight road rejoins the main highway just above Midway Geyser Basin and immediately below the 11-mile post (MJ 11, OF 5). Turn left at the junction to visit Eacelsior Geyser Crater, Grand Prismatic Spring, and Turquoise Pool, Lower GEYSER BASIN 9 Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins, but its curiosities are too scattered to admit of a more thorough examination than can be given to cer- tain prominent ones along the road. A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing, the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur every- where throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. From the point of unloading of busses at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on ac- count of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all Small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. South of Fountain, Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left at Silea, Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. It is usually taken by the tourist unless his time is limited. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the western end of which is a constantly play- ing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable fea- ture here is the second lake at the extreme western end of the road, | * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 58. 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE A known as Firehole Lake. If the tourist leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water he may not see them at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strik- 10}WER GEY&FR BASFA/ r0 woung*;§ Basińſ st Porºjič’ • amorning Mist' LES - ºn-tº" Springs --zy"TºuwſAt 9 CULEX Wºffº * EASIK. © o QUAGMIRE wo 5 GROUP & § o #: ungor Thuá'sººts: 2 Kaleidoscope 3. Geysero rcissus ser Bea ºGeys tºº to WER GEY&ER BASIN 70, UPPER GEYSER BASIW 7 Auries * SEETCH IMAP OF LOWER GEYSER BASIN ingly resembles a blue flame. This continues till the bubble disap- pears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road " formerly branched to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser, which is now reached by returning to the loop road and taking the next left-hand turn. This geyser, which plays every 8 to 12 hours, is rightfully considered one of the features of the park. Even during the quiescent period the * This road is in disrepair. Motorists are advised not to use it during the 1930 season, but to return to the loop road and take the next left-hand turn to Great Fountain. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 33 beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. ( To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. From Great Fountain Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is too small to detain the tourist long. • . The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Foun- tain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prom- inent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River, at whose base the Imperial Geyser burst forth in July, 1928. - MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN Midway Geyser Basin (4.7 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designa- tion. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Eacelsior Geyser Crater. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. , . . The greatest attraction here is Eacelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1890. The beautiful tints and colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy com- panions. The Fountain Freight Road rejoins the main loop road just above the Midway Geyser Basin. Biscuit Basin (8.1 miles from Fountain Ranger Station) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mºrror Pool. - Biscuit Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached by a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three 34 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK minutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit’’ to this basin. A short distance west are Jewel Geyser and Silver Globe Spring. - Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action. |UPPER GEYSER BASIN “ A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few seasons. At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside Geyser, one of the most prominent of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from seven to eight hours. Water overflows from the lower of its two craters for a period of two hours immediately preceding an eruption. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. The next camp site is southwest of Castle Geyser, nearly 1 mile by road from this point. Special camp grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faithful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside Geyser camp. *- At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path intsead of keeping to the road. From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any un- usual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin Road) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 35 The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy , is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. Dur- BisCUIT Mºsſard Avocaspring , , "ºº"é. 9 o "Jewel Geyseſ Sapphire Pool*\, i *~~ § 0.9áuliflower Geyser \ Ö irror Pool thos Spring * Sprite Pool º d gem Pool º Bench Spring tº Restles Geºro §: Springs <ſ | emisia. Geyser Lil H. < —l ſl. f Morning Glory Pool g § §NN\Fan r s Chain Lake, § ortar Geyser White Pyramid ºc Spºysºſ BSRiverside Geyser Geyser Gone. Cº$.” t-g - | w/ ...--Tº ; a * &^ \ \ \ ----23 | ? sº Bijou eyser º lºstiff Geyser º 2 ſºjant Geyser ZA i"Purple Pool W oblong Geyser * §hromatiº Pool *Beauty Pool **Wave Spring i *Economic Geyser Grater §§ o * Tur GRAND §§A. Witches lo §Nº ižGrand Geyser % 2 §: Vents GROUP O § 㺠SSpasmodiº Geyser A U) §pi"Sawmill Geyser & & - :*-Liberty Pool &/ .3° 2 $33%, N. ty 3% § > S& º \ sº G Sponge Tea Kettle Beehive geyser, Giantessº. Sp garh 0%; scALE, of FEET 5QQ (Qoo TV5&OT2R355 Taſsoo 70 WE&r 7HUMB OF YELLOWSTONE LAKE 19 MſtE3 SKETCH MAP OF UPPER GEYSER BASIN ing the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the extinct Splendid Geyser. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this 36 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE neighborhood, are connected. When one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. - A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Geyser Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Inn. OLD FAITH FUL (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of |Upper Geyser Basin. It is 55 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 50 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. Here is located Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store, bathhouse, and picture shop are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. OLD FAITHFUL RANGER STATION AND COMMUNITY CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. An attractive little museum devoted to subjects of local interest, more particularly to geyser activity and its products, is maintained between the inn and ranger station. An information bureau in connection with it is for the service of the public. Several instructive lectures are de- livered daily. The subjects and locations are announced in various conspicuous places. TRAILS AND SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITH FUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has un- doubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the midst of geyserland, where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to be seen. For your advantage and convenience, two excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked with white arrows and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail be- gins across the main road from the Old Faithful Ranger Station (at the entrance to Old Faithful Auto Camp), on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is three-quarters of a mile long and ends at the *-* --- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK f - 37 Lion Group. The second, or Black Sand Basin Trail, is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the junction of the main highway and the Black Sand ‘Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand Basin road, in the reverse direction from that given above and crosses the main high- way near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser. For the convenience of auto tourists who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant Geysers, which are near the main highway. The two trails may be combined by pursuing an easterly course from Castle Geyser to the river bank, crossing the footbridge to the Lion Group, and following the Geyser Hill Trail in the reverse direction from that given below. Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail.—The trail nomi- nally begins at Old Faithful Geyser, the tourist's friend. It is not the highest or most powerful geyser in the park, it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities and, in addition, it never disappoints, playing with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished eyes. It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. During the tourist season the first eruption after each night- fall is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. - The trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to Chinaman Spring around which an attractive little yarn has been spun. Across the river from this point, the Sputterer chafes in its cavity above the water's edge, while highly colored algae are seen in the overflow from Cascade Geyser. These are microscopic plants which grow in the course of hot water, the color varying with the temperature of the stream. The Firehole River is crossed behind the Swimming Pool. Water for this pool (operated under franchise) is piped from Soli- tary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot Spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet and it became a geyser, playing every five minutes to heights of 15 feet or more. Beehive Geyser has the most symmetrical cone of any of the geysers in the park and is rated as the second highest. It was considered extinct for some time, but in recent years has erupted at irregular intervals. The main claim of Cascade Geyser for atten- tion is the natural bridge of geyserite over its crater. In some re- spects Giantess is the most spectacular of geysers. Its eruptions, 100 to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 38 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PABEC {} 36 hours. They are accompanied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rumblings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is completely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyser and Teakettle Spring, companionate hot- water bodies near by. Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting tex- ture built by the droplets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds, and has a miniature eruption every two or three minutes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the corallike growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Nature Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Obser- wation Point, from which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. All of the leading features on this trail are labeled and explained. The Geyser Hill Trail turns back from Beach Spring, past Ear Spring, to the Lion Group, which attractively sur- mounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. Points of interest along the Black Sand Basin. Trail.—As stated above, this trail closely parallels the roadways until Giant Geyser is reached. This is the highest existing geyser in the park. Its - interval of eruptions is uncertain and variable. The companions of the Giant, Bijou, and Mastiff are two small geysers in almost con- stant eruption. Oblong Geyser, near the footbridge, is beautiful to behold, either while quiet or in action. The Inkwell Spring receives its name from the color of its crater, in this case caused by iron com- pounds. Beauty Spring is of the morning-glory type, larger but not so symmetrical. Economic Geyser was formerly one of the most at- tractive geysers in the park, playing every few minutes to heights of 20 to 50 feet. All of the water ejected during its eruptions drained back into the crater—it was very economical of its water supply. It is now extinct. Grand Geyser is one of the most beautiful in the world and, next to Old Faithful Geyser, plays more frequently than any of the larger geysers. Its eruptions consist of a series, and many of the shafts of hot water reach a height of 200 feet. It is an inter- esting combination of both cone and fountain type of geysers. Tur- ban Geyser, so called because of the turban-shaped masses of sinter in its crater, is more or less connected with Grand Geyser, as are also the Triplets near by. The trail leads past Spasmodio and Sawmill Geysers, Chimney Cone on the left of the footbridge, beautiful Crested Pool, to Castle Geyser and Tortoise Shell Spring. Castle YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 39 Geyser has the most artistic cone in the basin, both in general outline and detail. It usually erupts daily but at irregular intervals. So far as is known, it is unconnected with any other spring or geyser. Ranger naturalists conduct walking parties over the Black Sand Basin Trail each morning and over Geyser Hill and Nature Trails in the afternoon. This is a free service sponsored by the National Park Service. Parties leave from the porch of the lodge, the mu- seum, and the inn lobby for these trips. - Nature Trail.-This trail is in the shape of a double circle and may be entered from Old Faithful Lodge bridge, near Lion Geyser, or near Grand Geyser. Total distance, 4 miles. Nature features well labeled. No guide needed. Follow the arrows. Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton National Park bordering Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Accommoda- tions available at Teton Lodge, Moran, and the Jackson Lake Lodge. Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this is a one-way road for eastbound traffic only. OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) TO WEST THUMB OF YELLOWSTONE LAKE (W. T.) (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Gas- cades; altitude 7,583 feet. - At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. Then the narrow road turns down Corkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, 9 miles from De Lacy Creek, – . 40 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. . The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,365 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). - From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. . * - The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Entrance, Jackson Lake, and the Grand Teton National Park. The fork to the left is the loop road. THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) The Thumb Ranger Station is on the left at the forks of the road; the housekeeping cabins and Hamilton's store are immediately north. The automobile camp grounds and cafeteria are on the right. Altitude 7,784 feet. A - A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,735 feet), a quarter of a mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin, and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 50 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake;" altitude 7,784 feet. . WEST THUMB (W. T.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) - (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all of the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles - from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, * The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 50. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 41 N magnificient views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. e On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arniea Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then, turning left up a long lane, going back over the old road about a mile. The new United States Fish Hatchery is passed just before reaching Lake Hotel (18.4 miles from Thumb; altitude 7,761 feet). LAKE HOTEL AND LAKE LODGE Near the Lake Hotel (19.1 miles from Thumb) is the boat landing and a general store selling supplies and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Along the road to Cody, Wyo., just beyond Fishing Bridge, is an auto camp, where there are housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store, and picture shop. • LAKE RANGER STATION is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures and free guide service are furnished daily by the Ranger Naturalist Service at Lake and Fishing Bridge auto camp. SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton, 13,747 feet; Jackson Lake and Jackson Hole farther south. Fish- ing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.)” Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Entrance and Cody branches off to the right. It is 26.6 miles from this point to the East Entrance (E. E.), 80.6 miles to Cody, the East gateway city, 14.3 miles to Canyon Junction (C. J.), and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); altitude, 7,791 feet. Near the Shoshone Dam, on the road between the East Entrance and Cody, 19 The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 48, 42 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARR * ..~ several tunnels, the minimum clearance for which is 11 feet wide and 12 feet high, will be passed. - - * LAKE JUNCTi9N-(L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - + (14.3 miles) Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road, and around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Val- ley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively lo- cated among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the free public automobile camp grounds, housekeeping cabins and cafeteria, and opposite, on the right, is the CANYoN RANGER STATION. Free guide and lecture service is available. - A short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road, known as Canyon Junction (C. J.) CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 41.3 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Morris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left is the short cut to Morris Junction, 10.8 miles distant. The main loop road continues north past Canyon Hotel junction and to the left at Grand View junction. Q CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (10.8 miles) On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- f -* YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ... 43 tion), and then the road winds through timber-covered, rolling country to Virginia. Meadows, where there is a camp site, and the fishing is good. This is the only camp site between Canyon Juncis tion and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Wirginia Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. GRAND CANYon —' If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellow- stone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. - But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of..this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the tourist. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that\ in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK # glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the tourist. - - - - There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, and so forth, to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horse- back, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) (19.4 miles) In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. At Dunraven, Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the tourist rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good . advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,317 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan, both of which are as yet too inaccessible to be climbed readily. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude, 6,597 feet) at Tower Falls. Also, housekeeping cabins are available. Owing to the congested condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fence-like layers of basaltic rocks in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. * YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 45 The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail . back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon and past #0AD TO roweh Falls. ViA wr, WA&HBURN Off DUMRAVEW P4S5 e' ; § º # Öy & §§. ****= <6Tºzz----- L-69 °F"-ā- A Trail to Grystal Falls and Lower Falls B Stairs to Lower Falls C Lookout Point D Grand View Ø E Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls ſ/ (No bridge here) Chittenden Bridge/Hº F Trail to Inspiration Pt. | | fººpºeſ G Trail to Silver Gord Gascade º F-º-º-H-Uncle Tom's Trail // // ROAD 70 LAKE §ºls §§.ſº SKETCH IMAP OF GRAND CANYON Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- dred yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; altitude 6,264 feet. ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining com- munity of Cooke City, beyond the boundaries of the park. SIDE TRIPs FROM ToweR FALLs JUNCTION AND RoosevelT LODGE Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters 91964°–30—4 46 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. Petrifted Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast three- fourths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle’’ John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. Buffalo Ranch.-On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to see. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. - - - Specimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Guide is necessary. Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. SoDA BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda. Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park traverses its entire length. CookE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary. Cooke City.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies just beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reserva- tion. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indea: Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 47 * used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back- and forth in a wholly unsettled region. Grasshopper Glacier—Twelve miles beyond Cooke City is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) (17.6 miles) The first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrified Tree, three- fourths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junction there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mam- moth auto camp and housekeeping cabins are located just before reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. - WEST YELLOWSTONE, MONT., THE WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) -- TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK This is the post office for tourists entering and leaving via the western entrance. - The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. Cody, wyo., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) To LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) (80.6 miles) Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 54 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermop- olis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. - Leaving the Burlington Station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new high- way as it turns out of sight of the plains. The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid 11 See p. 30. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK 49 rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. The minimum clearance for these tunnels is 11 feet width and 12 feet height. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Govern- ment found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 is approximately $14,600,000. Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scien- tists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake over- flowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone gorge. - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. . Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Chimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephants Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann Spruce. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE Just after crossing the North Folk of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reached. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PAss RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PASS LODGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, 10 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, 8 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 10 miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 4 miles farther. - - Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 21 miles from the eastern bound- ary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam open- ings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 27 miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNC- TION (L. J.).” . MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) TO LOOP ROAD - AT WEST THUMB (W. T.) (50 miles) Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 27 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park, on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. Accommodations are available at Teton Lodge and at Jackson Lake Lodge. This mountain group, the central feature of the Grand Teton National Park, is an imposing outcropping of granite rising ab- * See p. 41. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 51 ruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low ele- vations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Tark and rises rapidly to its culmination, 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from north- south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake from which these mountains rise is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, there- fore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the Summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. - The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tion areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. The water stored in Jackson Lake irrigates a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. The SNARE RIVER RANGER STATION, altitude 6,882 feet, is at the southern entrance of the park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the visitor should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- dan. It has an extensive hot springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, 52 - . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, a mile and a half south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” ToweR FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) TO BUFFALO RANCH, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE CITY, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke City, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction. Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite bowlders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Falls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier bowlders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is maintained in the winter months by the Government. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone, so named by the old trappers, lies. alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junc- tion. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The CookE CITY RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary (31 miles from Tower Falls Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke City is 4 miles farther. . BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT., TO WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) (98 miles) Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. * See p. 40. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 53 From Bozeman the road passes across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages daily from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. Leaving Gallatin Gateway, the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and, at a point 78 miles from the western entrance, enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley, by way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin Mational Forest. - - For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 33 miles from the western entrance the road enters the north- west corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the Gallatin River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the Madison River is crossed and the road follows down Grayling Creek, a tributary of the Madison River. It leaves the park 12 miles. from the western entrance, and enters the Madison National Forest. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 47. YELLOWSTONE PARK TRAILS - An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. HOWARD EATON TRAIL Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction 20 Norris Junction to Fountain Ranger Station - 18 Fountain Ranger Station to Old Faithful 11 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Miles Old Faithful to West Thumb - 20 West Thumb to Lake 16 Lake to Canyon 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction 20 Canyon to Norris Junction * 14 Tower Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs g te 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail 153 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “loop * road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “ loop " highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled, as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: SCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM WHICH THEY RADIATE, AND DISTANCES 15 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: - Miles TO summit of Mount Everts and return 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of OSprey Falls and return_------- 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return 14 To Gardiner, Mont., Via Old road, and return------------------ 10 To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station 11 To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, and Bighorn Pass Trail___: 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail - 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail 15 2. From Old Faithful: To Biscuit Basin 2. 5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail______ 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail_________ 15 * Intersecting trail between east and west sides of park at these points. * See saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 78, 81 and 82 ; also Personally Conducted Camp- ing Parties, pp. 90 and 91. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 55 2. From Old Faithful—Continued. Miles To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail 16 To Lone Star Geyser *~ A 3. 5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake outlet, Shoshone Trail- 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail-------- 5 To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone Take 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail----------- 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bech- ler Canyon - - 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return--------- 8 3. From Lake : * To Soda Butte, Via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction------ 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary—— 13 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, Via Miller Creek 22 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake_____ 7 4. From Canyon : - To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail--------- 25 'To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge– . 5 To Seven Mile Fishing Hole 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge--- 1 To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail 6 To summit of Mount Washburn 9 To Sulphur Mountain 5 To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail-------- 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail-- 4 To Silver Cord Cascad 4 To Devils Ink Pot- 4 5. From Tower Falls : To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail_____________ 25 To Specimen Ridge - From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain____ 12 To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail__ 12 To East Boundary via Junction of Soda Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller Creek 42 To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction-- 54 To Frost Lake, Via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction______ 49 6. From Fountain : To IRiverside Ranger Station, On Madison Plateau Trail________ 15 To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. 5 To Canyon, Via Mary Lake, On Mary Mountain Trail------------ 25 7. From West Tumb : To Lake (See Howard Eaton Trail) 20 To Heart Lake, by road and trail 15 To Lewis Lake - 9 To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail 14 To Snake River 22 8. From Norris : To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail 8 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 9. From Soda Butte: - Miles To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction____________ 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary—— 16 To East Boundary, via Miller Creek 32 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake______ 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain 12 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction 7 10. From Gardiner: To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail__12 From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail_______ 12 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail__ 12 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail 7 To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail 8 º To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road 5 11. From Gallatin : - To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass__ 30 To SportSman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail 11 From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak 14 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass Trail 35 - To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail_- 60 12. From Riverside : To Fountain Ranger Station on Madison Plateau Trail_________ 15 From Fountain Ranger Station to Biscuit Basin on Little Fire- hole Trail 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful 2. - To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail-- 33 13. From Upper Yellowstone: *4 º' To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail 50 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., 1887 to 1928, Inclusive [Compiled by Glen Jefferson, meteorologist, U. S. Weather Bureau] ; January Fºr March April May June July August sºn. October Nºn- Pºm. Annual Mean temperature (degrees || Years Fahrenheit) 42 18, 2 20, 2 27.0 37. 0 45.6 53.9 61.3 59, 9 51.0 40.6 29. 5 20, 2 38.7 Mean maximum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) --------- 42 26.4 29.9 37. 1 48.0 57.6 67.3 76.5 75. 5 64.9 52. 0 38. 6 28. 2 50.2 minimum temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) --------- 42 10. 0 10.4 17, 1 26.1 33.8 40. 6 46. 1 44.4 37. I 28.8 20.3 12. 1 27.2 Highest temperature (degrees 1888 1921 1910 1890 1887 1900 1901 1900 1887 1893 1887 1920 July, 1901. Fahrenheit) and date_------- 42 49 51 62 77 89 92 96 93 48 96 Lowest temperature (degrees 1888 1905 1920 1920 1899 1901 1901 1910 1895 1887 1896 1923 Jan., 1888. Fahrenheit) and date-------- 42 –41 –36 —25 –3 15 20 30 23 Zero. –20 –27 –34 -41 Average number of days with - minimum temperature zero or below--------------------- 25 6 5 3 21 Average precipitation (inches) - 42 1.80 1.40 1.78 1. 2.02 1. 6 1. 3 1. 10 1.2 1. 39 1. 1.4 J7.91 Greatest precipitation in 24 1895 1890 1921 1921 1895 1902 1924 1905 1908 1893 1889 Oct. 1908. hours (inches) and date.------ 41 1. 1.3 1. 12 0.76 1. 1.5 1.4 0.98 0.9 2. 34 0.9 1.0 - 2.3 Average number of days with 0.01 inch, or more, of precipi- - tation 42 13 10 12 10 13 12 10 9 8 9 10 12 128 Average snowfall (inches) ------ 42 18.8 14.2 16.1 8.6 4.6 0.8 0.1 T. 1.6 7, 1 11.0 14.6 97.5 Greatest Snowfall in 24 hours 1895 1908 1888 1911 1921 1905 1921 1910 1919 1919 1893 1922 Jan., 1895. (inches) and date------------ 42 16. 13. 11.2 7. 0 10.8 8. T. 14.0 11.3 16. Average depth of Snow on ground at end of month (inches) 25 11.8 12. 2' 5.5 0.3 - 0 0.1 1.0 2.9 7.7 ----------- Greatest depth of snow on 1911 1922 1917 1917 1921 1905 1921 1910 1919 1919 1911 1916 Mar., 1917. ground (inches) and date----- 25 26 29. 6 35. 26.2 10.8 4. T. 6.0 14.6 12.8 28.0 35. 6 Average hourly wind velocity (miles per hour)-------------- 25 9 8. 3 8. 8.0 7. 9 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.3 8.0 7. 9 7.8 aximum wind velocity (miles 1917 1923 1921 1922 1927 1911 1904 1912 1915 1916 1926 1907 Mar., 1921. per hour) and date 25 || 42—SW. 52–NW 54–S. 48–SW. 54–S 45-SW. 52—SW 48–S. 49–S. |46–NW. 44–S. 42—SW. 54–S. Prevailing wind direction------ 42 S. S. S. SW. S. S. - S. S. Sunshine (percentage of pos- sible) average-------------- 25 39 52 58 57 54 62 72 70 63 57 45 39 56 Average number of days clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy: - Clear---------------------- 25 5 7 7 7 6 8 12 12 10 10 7 6 97 Partly cloudy-------------- 25 9 11 13 13 13 15 14 14 11 10 10 9 142 loudy-------------------- 25 16 11 12 11 12 7 4 5 8 11 13 16 126 Mean relative humidity (per- centage of Saturation): - 25 78 78 77 76 77 75 75 73 74 74 74 78 76 11 67 65 57 51 46 40 36 38 45 53 62 69 52 z 25 73 67 60 52 49 43 39 38 46 57 65 73 55 T. indicates trace. Š 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK TABLE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES [Based upon observations made by the dººratºry of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- Ington, L). U. All given temperatures are at best only apprºximatº as they vary considerably from time to time. At 6,000, º water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5° C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F. Temperatures Name Remarks * Centi- Fahren- grade heit . Boiling River------------------------- 48.5 119.3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: - Angel Terrace------ 74. 0 165. 5 || Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace- 68. 0 154.4 || Coloring due to algae. ymen Terrace--- 73. 0 163.6 | Nearest to Liberty Cap. 2, Jupiter Terrace-------- 73. 0 163.6 || Largest hot spring terrace in the world. ound Terrace------------------- 71.0 159.8 || High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basi Black Growler Steam Vent-- 140. 0 284.0 Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool------------- 92.0 197.6 | Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. chinus Geyser------------- - - - 91. 0 195.8 || Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser--------------- 93.0 199.4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--- 92.0 197.6 Violently agitated spring. Lower Geyser Basin: Clepsydra Geyser 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot-------------- 93. 5 200.3 | Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------- 96.0 204, 8 || Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser--------------------- 95.0 203.0 || Just before an eruption. 0--------------------------- 92.0 197.6 || Just after an eruption, Sapphire Pool-------------------- - 93. 0 199.4 Intermittently seething. Upper Geyser Basin: Beach Spring---------------------| 89.3 192. 7 || Algous coloring notable. - Beehive Geyser------------------- - 95. ( 203.0 Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring---------------- 93. 200.3 || A Small spring near Old Faithful, Giantess Geyser------------------ 94.2 201.6 | Dangerous area. - Lion Geyser---------------------- 93. 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser------------------- 94. 202.64 Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool-------------- 77. 170.6 || One of the most famous pools. Sponge Geyser-------------------- 95. 203.0 | Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------- 94. 201. 2 || Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring------------- . 95. 203.0 Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool------------------ - 93. 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser---------------------- 91. 195, 98 || Infrequently erupts. Comet Geyser-------------------- 94. 202. Underground connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser--------------------- 94. 200. 1 || Just before eruption. 0--------------------------- 91. 195.8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool-------------------- 69. 156. 74 || Most beautiful green pool. Handkerchief Pool---------------- 83. 182. 3 || A once famous spring. ch Bowl Spring-------------- 94. 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: ragons Mouth------------------ 75. 0 167.0 | Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano--------------------- 84. 0 183. Violently boiling mud. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE - NORRIS GR: YSER BASIN Duration of eruption Sër. New Crater Gey- Interval between eruption Eſeat of Remarks Water Beautiful ruddy & YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Af Af 59 PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE–Contd. LOWER GEYSER BASIN &NCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) f Height of Duration of |Interval between • Heat of Name eruption eruption ruption Remarks Water Feet • F. Black W arrior Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- Springs. Clepsydra Geyser- 10-40 | Few seconds----| 3 minutes------- Named for water clock------ 197. 6 º: Geyser | 200–300 About 9% hour-- Irregular-------- Ceased playing in 1890------ 193.3 , Uraßer Fountain Geyser-- 75 | 10 minutes do Seldom in eruption----------|-------- Fountain Paint Basin of boiling clay-------- 200.3 Ol. Firehole Lake Underwater “flames”-------|-------- Grand Prismatic Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. - remarkable coloring. Great Fountain 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes- 8 to 12 hours----| Spouts 4 or 5 times during 1 204.8 Geyser. - eruption. Imperial Geyser---| 100–125 || 4 to 5 hours----- 12 to 15 hours---| Started playing at its present-------- - imensions in July, 1928. Steady Geyser----- 20–40 | Steady None Plays A-3 ly Turquoise Pool About 100 feet in diameter---|-------- UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER BASIN) Sapphire Sawmill Sponge Sunset Turban 50 200 6 20–35 10 to 15 6 to 8 hours. to 8. once in I70, 6 20–40 About once a day 201.8 120-170 Usual interval 65 200. 1 Crested spring near 202, 1 80–100 regular; plays over the 201. 2 Notable springs.-Black Sand Pool [199.4], Chinaman [200,3], Emerald Spring [156.7], Morning Glory [170.6], Punch Bowl [202.1], Sunset Lake, Crested Pool [191], Teakettle Spring [2012].” FISHING IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest 16 Figures given indicate approximate temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. 60 YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon Junction. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. • The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful Museum, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. WILD ANIMALS Bears are seen daily in summer at bear-feeding grounds near ho- tels, lodges, and camps, occasionally along the roads, and abundantly around the kitchen door at Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occa- sionally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep sometimes are seen on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may nearly al- ways be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers’ Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt Lodge. In winter elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. . -* YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 61 TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens,” or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous trees. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta),—Sometimes known as jack pine. The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timber line; probably three- fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines are distinguished from other evergreen trees by having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more, instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. Limber pine (Pinus fleasilis).-In the West often known as white pine. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, opening when mature; bark blackish, rough. White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis).-Found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 2 to 3 inches long, brown- purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark whitish, smooth. A low, stunted tree. - Firs.-The firs have flat, blunt-tipped leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa),—Common about timber line and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched, those of the lower branches scattered irregularly on the upper side of the twigs. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. Grand fir (Abies grandis).-Frequent at low and middle altitudes, especially along streams. Leaves usually notched at the tip, those of the lower branches arranged in two rows along the twigs. A large tree. - . - Spruces.—These look much like the firs, but they have sharp- pointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and rough, blackish bark. The cones are borne near the top of the tree and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii).-The most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens).-Rather common, at about 7,000 feet. Twigs finely hairy; cones 2 to 3% inches long. 91964°–30 à 62 YEELOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK • Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata).-Sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, 3-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by the protruding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other evergreen trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. "Western red cedar (Juniperus scopulorum).-Common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scalelike, attached by 2's or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berry- like; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. The creeping juniper (Juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub, however, and has needle- like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides).--Sometimes known as quaking as- pen or quaking asp. The only common broad-leaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Narrowled f cottonwood (Populus angustifolia).-Occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” - - - "Water birch (Betula fontinalis).-Usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams. Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in cat- kins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - RULES AND REGULATIONS (Approved January 11, 1930, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by , , the Secretary of the Interior) * * * GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 63 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732). 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbid- den to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosi- ties, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geyser or hot-springs formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked permit must be secured from the ranger in charge. 2. Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for tourists visiting the park in their own conveyances, and no camping is permitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used during past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. It is necessry, therefore, that the following rules be strictly enforced for the protection of the health and comfort of the tourists who visit the park in their own conveyances. - (a) Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans, or, if cans are not available, placed in the pits provided at the edge of camp. At new or unfrequented camps garbage shall be burned or carried to a place hidden from sight. Keep the camp grounds clean. . . . (b) There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site, and the water in the creeks and streams adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rang- ers for sources to use. Tourists out on hiking parties must not con- taminate watersheds of water supplies. They are indicated by signs, pipe lines, and dams. There is plenty of pure water; be sure you get it. - - (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park, or bathe 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL - PARR in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes. ' ' ' , , , (d) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis- tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (e) Wood for fuel shall only be taken from dead or fallen trees. 3. Fºres.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park; they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moss, dry leaves, -* etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water so that there remains no possibility of re-ignition. - The use of firecrackers and fireworks in the park is prohibited except within certain areas designated by the superintendent. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams; horses, or means of trans- portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game killed on-the park lands under circumstances other than pre- scribed above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain leave to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, Seines, or other property So surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept responsibility of custody of any property.for the convenience of visitors, - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 65 5. Bears.--Molesting, teasing, or touching the bears is prohibited. Persons feeding bears do so at their own risk and peril. 6. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed im- mediately upon being removed from the hook. Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. In the discretion of the superintendent the limit for a day's catch may be increased or decreased in certain waters, indicated by posted notices. - The use of live minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. * - . 7. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director or to the superintendent of the park. 8. Cameras.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involv- ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. - 9. Gambling.—Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 10. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed within the park, excepting such as the park superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. 11. Mining.—The location of mining claims is prohibited within the park. # * x - - 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. - - - . 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary 66 y TZELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK condition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. ... No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. - - All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and the number corresponding there with, or the identifi- cation mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap. 14. Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats may be transported through the park, provided they are kept on a leash or in a crate while within the confines of the park. All dogs and cats must be registered at the entrance ranger station. The superintendent has authority to grant, in writing, special permission, if necessary, to retain dogs and cats in the park unleashed. - 15. Dead animals.-All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough- fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. Travel.—(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On side hill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles of any kind drawn by animals. (c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads, Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. - (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. - - . " - 17. Miscellaneous-(a) Campers and all others, save those hold- ing licenses from the Director of the National Park Service, are pro- hibited from hiring their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park. - - - (b) No pack-train or saddle-horse party will be allowed in the park unless in charge of a licensed guide. All guides shall pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the super- intendent of the park covering the applicant's knowledge of the park and fitness for the position of licensed guide. At the discretion of YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 67 the superintendent, licensed guides may be permitted to carry un- sealed firearms. (c) All complaints by visitors and others as to service, etc., ren- dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. (d) The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. - - - - 18. Fines and penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox- ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, or they may be summarily removed from the park by the Superintendent. - Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all the costs of the proceedings. - 19. Lost and found articles.—Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR-CYCLE REGULATIONS Pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), and the act of . August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), the following regulations covering the admission of automo- biles and motor cycles into the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public: - - - 1. Entrances.—Automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone en- trance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The superintendent may in his discretion keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. 2. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra- vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty of its violation. . Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads, t;8 *YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ... The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. 3. Motor cycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regu- lations, as far as they are applicable. 4. Motor trucks.-Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the weight limitations and entrance fees prescribed by the Director of the National Park Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations and entrance fees for motor trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the ranger stations at the park entrances. - - .” º - 5. Permits.-A permit shall be secured at the ranger station where the motor vehicle enters, and will entitle the permittee to operate the particular vehicle indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue, but is not transferable for the operation of any other vehicle than that for which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. - 6. Fees.—Fees for automobiles and motor-cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively, and are payable in cash. - 7. Direction.—Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “loop " in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in red on the auto- mobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. e Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), any time of day or night except the periods 9 a. m. to 11.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. to 4.30 p.m. - --> Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W. E.), any time, day or night. Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junction (L. J.), any time, day or night. Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Tower Falls, early enough to reach Tower Falls by 1 p.m. (but not to Canyon Junction—C. J.). Distance, 20.2 miles. Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) direct, any time, day or night. * * Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- trance (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. Summit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junc- tion of Dunraven Pass Road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), after 3 p. m. \– r . YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 69 . The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. - - - . . . 8. Distance apart, gears, and brakes.—Automobiles while in mo- tion.should keep a reasonable distance apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automo- bile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. 9. Speeds.-Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 30 miles per hour. - The speed of all motor trucks over 11% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 20 miles per hour on all park roads. 10. Horns.—The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrains. •. 11. Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 12. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, lodges, or camps. 13. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour. - - 14. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor 70 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK * & vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specified for the park highways. When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. 15. Accidents; stop-overs.-Automobiles stopping over at points inside the park, or delayed by breakdowns or accidents of any other nature, shall be immediately parked off the road, or, where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. Any driver of a motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the superin- tendent of the park. 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. 17. Paragraphs 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 of these regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. - 18. Garages, repairs, supplies, free automobile camp grounds.-- Gasoline, oils, tires, and accessories are available for purchase at regular supply stations at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge Camp Grounds, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. Repair shops and garages are maintained at all these points except West Thumb. Prices of sup- plies and rates for repair work are strictly regulated by the National Park Service. Free public camp grounds for motorists are main- tained at points indicated on the automobile guide map and by “Good Camp * signs. - - 19. Reduced engine power; gasoline, etc.—Due to the high altitude of the park roads, averaging nearly 7,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced. A leaner mixture of gasoline and air is required, but on account of reduced engine power about 50 per cent more gasoline will be used per mile than is required at lower alti- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK . 71 tudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may become serious unless care is used. MAPS Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 28% by 32 inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” - - The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet; scale, 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. . . . . . . . . . . . . r Area south of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to • the inch. Price, 10 cents each. LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the Government information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful Museum: - Motorists Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, superintendent’s office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. Map of National Parks and Monuments. - ... Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to these reservations. 17 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Manual for Railroad Tourists. Distributed in park only. * * Contains time-tables of all park tours. - ... 2 Glimpses of our National Parks. 65 pages, including 23 illustrations. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash : National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. Fifth edition. 270 pages, including 310 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.1% - Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- Sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. Illustrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point of view. - - Reprint No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” - This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers of Yellowstone National Park by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. * - Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” . This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone , National Park and an account of their origin. Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904). 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” - Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bul- letin 611, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1.” This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from St. Paul to Seattle and along the branch line to Yellowstone Park. - *May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - Z3 Guidebook of the Western United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, $1.” . . . - A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but with the natural resources, history, and development of the country between Omaha and San Francisco. REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. Oh, Ranger! A Book about the National Parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, illustrated. Price $2.50. - ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. A biography. Price, $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. - BARNES, O. P. Fly fishing in wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. - - BRYCE, JAMES. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future on pp. 389–406. BURRoUGHs, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. CAMPBELL, REAU. Complete guide and descriptive book of the Yellowstone Park, 1923. 173 pp., illustrated. . . . * - - CHANEY, JACK. Foolish questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth Edition, 1929. 94 pp., Illustrated. Price, 75 cents. . . . . - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. 350 pp., Illustrated, revised. Price, $3. - DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title Of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. EVARTs, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. - The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New a York. - - FARQUHAR, FRANCIs P. Reading Up on The Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. - - - FoRDYCE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922, 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - . . . . . . . - FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. - - - HAwKINs, P. H. The trees and shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by The Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth $0.75, paper $0.50, post paid. . . 18 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful Museum, but these offices can not fill mail orders. 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., each year. 192 pp., illustrated. Price $1 and $1.75. - HENRIKsson, FBITz. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. - Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. Holm Es, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. Hough, EMERSON. Maw's vacation in the Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shop (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Third Edition, 1929. 70 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents. JACKSoN, WM. H. and HowARD R. DRIGGs. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. Yellowstone in chapters 7, 8, and 19. - JEFFERS, LE Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. RANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht. Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. LANGFORD, NATHANIEL P. Discovery of the Yellowstone, 1870. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., 1905, reprinted 1923, 188 pp., illustrated. Price, $1.00 and $1.75. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LEWIS, SINCLAIR. Free air, ~, Story of a motor tour across Northern States, including trip through Yellow- stone Park. MILLS, ENOs A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton- Mifflin Co. 1917. t Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. The Grizzly. 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, JoEIN. Our national parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. - MURPHY, THOMAS D. Three wonderlands of the American West. 1912, 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights, 1911. 345 pp. *: QUINN, VERNON. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. . -- ~ Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. ROLFE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book Two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. . -- Yellowstone on pp. 248–297. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAB, K 75 RyDBERG, PER AxEL. Gatalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Möntana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. SchAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. SENN, NICHOLAs, Our national recreation parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SETON, ERNEST THOMPsoN. Life histories of northern animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. Wild animals at home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vol., with over 150 sketches and photographs. - In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in study- ing wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. The biography of a grizzly. 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chi- cago, Ill. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price $2.50. - Bears of the Yellowstone. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1925. 151 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. - The American antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price 30 cents. The Story of the Whitebar elk, 1923. Price 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a hundred bears 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. - For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone, 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. Published by G. P. Putnam's Sons. - STODDARD, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207–304. - STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen thousand miles by stage. 1911, 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. THONE, FRANK E. A. Trees and flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Second edition, 1929. 92 pp., illustrated. Price, $1. TOMLINSON, EVERETT TITSWORTH. Four boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. . . UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. - - Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. Out of print. WINTON, STALLO. John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An ac- Count of his 1807 exploration. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. WARREN, EDWARD R. The Beaver. No. 2, 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. - - The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals, Syracuse University, October, 1926. 76 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK *. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WRIGHT WILLIAM. H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. YARD, ROBERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. - The Book of National Parks. Scribner's. 1926. 444 pp., 74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams. Yellowstone on pp. 202–228. OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Circulars of general information similar to this regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writ- ing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: Acadia National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. - Parks. HaWaii National Park. Wind Cave National Bank, Hot Springs National Park. - Yosemite National Park. - Lassen Volcanic National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks. Mesa Werde National Park. - - - - 2^ NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Department of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 81 pages, including 34 illustrations. AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASON - OF 1930 All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the Government. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be made to the superintendent. Employees of the hotels, lodges, and transportation lines are not Government employees but discourteous treatment by public-utility employees should be reported to the park administration. YellowsTONE PARK HoTEL co. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. - - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 77 The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. RATEs of THE YELLowsToxE PARK HotKL Co. - HOTEL RATES ~ 4%-day tours: - 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), American plan on standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellow- stone Park Transportation Co $29.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan operation. Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not includ- ing private bath), per day, per person 6.50 American plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with ^. private bath, are: - 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 persons in 1 room, $9 to $10 each, according to location. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, corner suite, $10 each perSOn. - m 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, inside suite, $9 each person. - - - 3 persons in 1 room with private bath, $8.50 and $9 per day, per person, according to location. 4 persons in 2 rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9 each, accord- ing to location. . Meals or lodging (room without bath), part of a day: Lodging 2.25 Breakfast 1. 25 Tanneh 1, 50 T)inner 1. 50 Meals Served in rooms, extra, each * . 50 (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. - Shave . 25 Neck Shave ... 10 Hair cutting (men) . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style . (5 ‘Straight bob . 60 Shingle, back only . 50 All other hair cuts for women . 75 Shampoo (men), plain . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) – . 75–1.00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1. 50 Rinses - - . 25–0. 75 Head wº . 50 91964°–30—6 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Scalp treatment $1.00 Face massage (men) . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator . 75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1, 00–1. 50 - Clay pack 1, 50 Manicure - . 75 Women’s marCel - L. 75–1.00 Round curl ... 75 Finger wave 1.00 Water wave ––– 1.00 Women's hair dressing, plain . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1.00–2, 00 Rath . 50 . Shoe polish . 15 GUIDES, HORSES, AND SPECIAL TRIPS (Saddle animals are not rented to park visitors without a guide) Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from all hotels (rates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours 3. 50 Per half day, 4 hours 2. 50 Per hour . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours 5, 00 Per half day of 4 hours 3.00 Per hour 1. 00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: - Canyon Hotel— To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) 2. 50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) 3.00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles) ---------------- 3.00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles) –––––––––––––– 3. 00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles)------------------ 4. 00 To Devil's Ink Well and return (8 miles) ------------------ 4. 00 Old Faithful Inn— - . To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) –––––––––––––––––– 2.50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) - 3.00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) ------------------ 4. 00 Mammoth Hotel— - - - To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles)--——--- 4.00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles)---L---- 4.00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) 4. 00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) –––– 2.50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) –––––––––––––––– 2, 00 Foot Of Electric Peak and return— - * For 1 person 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each 6. 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 79 - 2 NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMs { . * From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either ſhotels Or lodges. - - Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES , , Bell System long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. Bell system long distance is available at the following points within the park : Mammoth Telephone Office, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Old Faithful Ranger Station, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Lake Ranger Station, Canyon Hotel, Canyon Lodge, Canyon' Ranger Station, West Yellowstone Post Office, and West Yellowstone Ranger Station. Standard Bell System rates between points in the park are as follows: Station-to-station day rates Canyon to Lake $0.10 Canyon to Mammoth . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful - . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone . 30 Lake to Canyon . ... 10 Lake to Mammoth- . 30 Lake to Old Faithful . 20 Lake to West Yellowstone . 30 Mammoth to Canyon . 20 Mammoth to Lake . 30 Mammoth to Old Faithful - . 35 Mammoth to West Yellowstone , 30 Old Faithful to Canyon .25 . Old Faithful to Lake . 20 Old Faithful to Mammoth . 35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon . 30 West Yellowstone to Lake - 30 West Yellowstone to Mammoth- . 30 West Yellowstone to Old Faithful . 15 ? & Yellowstone Park Lodge & cAMPs co The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Entrance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Com- pany is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. - RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LoDGE & CAMPs Co. 2- LODGE RATES 4%-day tours: - 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transporta- - tion Co - $20.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur mished, refund will be made by the camps company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served be- tween the time of registering and the time of checking out, regard- less of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan Operation. Meals and lodging, American plan: Per day 4. 50 Breakfast –––– 1.00 Lunch------------------------------------------------------ 1. 00 Dinner - -— 1.00 Lodging and breakfast 2. 50 Meals served in guests' sleeping cabins, extra, each---------------- . 25 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge : Breakfast 1. 00 T211nch 1, 50 Dinner --- ––– , 1.00 Lodging 1. 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) HOUSEKEEPING TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Canvas and frame cabin Occupied by 1 person, per day----------------- . 75 Canvas and frame cabin occupied by 2 or more persons, per day, per person . 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children in arms, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or cabin, 1 double bedstead, 1 bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 table, 1 bench. ; Double tent or cabin, 2 double bedsteads, 2 bed springs, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benches. * * Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the follow- ing items: * Standard-size mattress for 2 people, per day .25 Single size mattress for 1 person, per day . 25 Blanket, per day - Tuſ , 25 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, set, per day------ . 40 - . . . 25 Use of above set of linen, each additional day YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK , 81 Persons not having all their own camp equipment, etc.—Continued. . - Coffeepot, frying pan, each article, per day - $0.05 Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day . O5 Cup and plate, Set, per day . 05 Lodging in fully equipped tent or cabin, 1 person, per day--------- 1. 50 (Children under 8, half rate; children in arms free.) In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), and West Thumb auto camps, cafeteria service is available, and near the Canyon Public Automobile Camp cafeteria service is also available. At Tower Falls auto camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful auto camp grounds at reasonable prices. - BARBER SEIOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave - - - $0.25 Neck Shave - ... 10 Hair cutting (men) * , . 65 Women's hair cut, boy style 75 Straight bob - . 60 Shingle, back only . 50 All other hair cuts for women . 75 Shampoo (men), plain . 50 Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) . 75–1. 00 Women's shampoo (long hair) 1. 00–1, 50 Tinses 25— . 75 Head ;Sag - . 50 Scalp treatment - 1. 00 Face massage (men) - . 50 Face massage (men), with vibrator . 75 Standard tonic . 25 Face massage (women) 1, 00–1. 50 Clay pack 1. 50 Manicure - . Tj Women's marcel . 75–1. O0 Round curl . (5 Finger wave - 1. 00 Water wave - 1.00 Women's hair dressing, plain . 50 Women's hair dressing, fancy 1.00–2.00 Rath . 50 SWimming pool : Admission, suit, and towel . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5 no charge).--------------- . 25 Shoe polish . 15 GUIDES AND SADDLE HORSES Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges * (rates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours 3. 50 Per half day, 4 hours - . 2. 50 Per hour . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) 82 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: . . . . Per day of 8 hours - Per half day of 4 hours ..— — . * - - - 3. O0 Per hour--- - 1, 00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges: 2 - Canyon Lodge— To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles)------------------ 3, 00 To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles) 3. 00 To Elk Park and return (9 miles) 2. 00 To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) - 2. 50 Mammoth Lodge— - TO summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ------------- 4, OO To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) ––––––––– 4. 00 To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles)------------ 4, 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 * miles) - 4.00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles)------ 2. 50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) ------------------- 2. 00 To foot of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person- 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each 6, 00 Old Faithful Lodge— - To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) - 3. 00 To LOne Star Geyser and return (7 miles) -------------------- 2. 50 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) 4. 00 Roosevelt Lodge— r - -- * To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) 3. 00 To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles) -------------------- 5. 00 , - To Tower Falls and return (4 miles) 1.50 To Lost Lake and return (4 miles) 3. 00 Fishing trips from all lodges: * * - All day, 8 hours 5. 00 Three-fourths day, 6 hours 4.00 One-half day, 4 hours 3.00 All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. . - - Cost per day per person 1 person 27. OO 2 persons *: 00 3 persons - 14. 00 4 pel'Sons - - - - r 13. 00 5 persons - - - 12. 00 6 persons * --- . . . . 11. 00 7 perSons or more - . . . 10, 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 83 4- FISHING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net: * First day ºx $0.50 Each additional day - . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS, STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. e TELEGRAMs From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodges. - Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 25 cents for 10 words and 2 cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES (See Bell system long-distance telephone rates, p. 79.) AccoMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON The hotels are open from June 20 to September 19 only. The lodges are open for standard service from June 20 to September 19 but limited accommodations, of an informal character are avail- able from June 1 to the opening of the official season, and for a short time after its close. - Meals and lodgings for motorists can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gasoline and groceries may be procured at approved prices. - PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season), maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted en- largements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guidebooks; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. . . . - - 84 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK SCHEDULE OF BATES OF TEEE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPELER * Haynes Guide Book, current edition (enlarged) ------------ $1.00 and $1.75 Sepia photographs, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60 . 75–25. 00 Hand-painted pictures, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60 . - . 50–50, 00 Black and white photographs, miniatures, sets of 12________________ . 25 Black and white photographs, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21------------------ . 10–3. 50 Lantern slides, hand painted, each, $1.50; set of 100---------------- 150.00 Masterpieces album, 12 colored pictures 2. 00 Treasures album, 20 colored pictures • - 1, 50 Souvenir album, Sepia rotogravure, many pictures------------------ . 75 Colorgraphs, Set of f:2 in full color———i 1.50 v Color photogravures de luxe, 8 by 9%–14 by 24 .35–2, 50 Hand-painted transparencies, 7 by 10, $10; 12 by 17–--------------- 20, 00 Souvenir playing cards, de luxe deck, 53 views ~ 1.35 Souvenir playing cards, Old Faithful backs, colored . . . . 1. 00. Gem folders, 24 colored pictures - . 25 " Scenic gems of the Yellowstone, 24 pictures, 25 cents; set of 5------ 1. 00 Souvenir folders, 18 views each, 15 cents; 2 for - . 25 Souvenir post cards in color, 3 for 5 cents; per dozen-------------- . 20 Set of 100 souvenir post cards in color, per set 1. O0 Set of 50 souvenir post cards in color, per set . 50 Frames, games, maps, paintings, sand souvenirs, books, albums, and other pictorial souvenirs, apparatus, and supplies at current prices. Developing: - - , - - 6 and 8 exposure roll films, 1% by 1% to 5 by 7––––––––––––––– . 15–. 50 10 and 12 exposure rell films, 1% by 2% to 4 by 5–------------- . 25—. 44 12-exposure film packs, 1% by 2% to 5 by 7–––––------------- . 30–. 65 Prints, glossy, ferrotyped (dull finish 1 cent each extra): 134 by 1% to 2% by 2% .05% 234 by 3%. - * . . - .06 2% by 4% * * º ‘. . .07 , 3% by 3%. - - * . 0.7% 2% by 4% to 3% by 4% - 08. 3 by 5% to 3% by 5% - - - * . 09 4 by 5 to 4% by 6%, 10 cents to . I5 , 5 by 7 - . - - - . 20. Repair Service on apparatus and equipment, per hour--------------- 1, 00 Roll film, film packs, cine film, cine library film, kodaks, cameras, cine kodaks, Filmo cameras, projectors, accessories, and supplies at current prices. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch room and cafeteria. . . . -->4 - - At Old Faithful Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates a general store; also a store located in public auto camp for campers. At West Thumb and Iake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK | 85 At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the canyon district. $x At Tower Falls a general store and delicatessen is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to com- plete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers’ supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, films, photographs, post cards, tobacco, Smokers' supplies, etc. - In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc., are also available. - All store and news stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. Before and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Faith- ful and Fishing Bridge stores. WOOD FOR FUEL The Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. operates “wood cafeterias” in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood, of convenient size, are obtainable at prices approved by the Depart- ment of the Interior. . - TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11-passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the tourist season, regardless of weather or vol- ume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and out- going trains at the various park gateways. The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. . 86 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK RATES OF YELLOwstone PARK TRANSPORTATION Co. a - PARK TOUR I'rom any entrance, full park tour, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance - NoTE.—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which $25.00 include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander gateways, applies only in connection with authorized pāid rail tickets of Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Rail- way. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway passengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or Vice Versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrance to the park, West Yellow- stone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Railway passengers must hold rail tickets from east of O'Neill, Nebr. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Lander to south entrance of park, or vice versa, is $16.50. On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, each passenger, extra On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G-C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G-W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to IRoosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra- - On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- able at Canyon, each passenger, extra On regular park tour, from Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra . - IOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS (On busses not operating in connection with regular schedule) - From Mammoth : Terraces and Buffalo Corral Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and OSprey Falls---------- Roosevelt Lodge (Tower Falls Junction)— One way Round trip I'rom Old Faithful : Hurry trips to geysers - Black Sand Basin . - Lone Star Geyser From Canyon : Top of Mount Washburn and return Either side of canyon 2. O0 5. 00 5.00 12, 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 87 From Roosevelt, Lodge (minimum 5 fares) : . Soda Butte and return (per person) Cooke City and return (per person) Mammoth : 3. One Way— Round trip - LOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS - (On busses operating on regular schedule) Gardiner to: Mammof.h Mammoth and return Norris West Yellowstone Old Faithful Canyon (via Norris) West Yellowstone to : Old Faithful Mammoth Gardiner Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway: One way Round trip Old Faithful to : West Yellowstone Thumb Lake w. Canyon (via Lake, overnight stop at Lake) Lake to : Y Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Cody Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Canyon Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Cody to : Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) Canyon Mammoth to : Gardiner Gardiner and return Norris West Yellowstone Old Faithful * - Canyon (via Norris) Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to : Cody Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) * * Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) - Canyon - f : Mammoth (via Lake, Canyon, and Roosevelt Lodge).----------- $5.00 14. 00 2.75 5. 50 88 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Canyon to : Lake $3. Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Cody 1 West Yellowstone (via Norris) Old Faithful (via Norris) Tower Falls Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Mammoth (via Norris) - Gardiner (via Roosevelt Lodge) Gardiner (via Norris) Roosevelt Lodge to : Mammoth 2. 75 Gardiner 3. 50 Moran, Wyo., to : Yellowstone Lake 10. 50 J. Canyon 14.00 Old Faithful (via Thumb, Lake, and Thumb) 10. 50 West Yellowstone (via Lake, Canyon, and Norris) --...------------- 20, 25 Gardiner (via Lake, Canyon, Roosevelt Lodge, and Mammoth) ---- 21.00 . . Cody (via Thumb and Lake) - - - 21. 25 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to : - - - - • , - West Yellowstone, one way 10. 00 Round trip - w 17. 50 RATES FOR, CEIILDREN A A Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. r - BAGGAGE TRUNKS Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk - $1.00 Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. - - SPECIAL AIJTOMOBILE SERVICE Special touring cars for complete park tours (minimum 5 fares), at $25 plus $25 per day, from the time car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateway, railway terminal, or station in the park. Six-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour--. - $6.00 Storage, per day - . 50 GASOLINE, OIL, ETO. . Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates a speed boat, power boats, and row- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 89 / boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. No power boats are per- mitted to be operated on this lake except those that have passed the inspection of the United States Steamboat Inspection Service of the Department of Commerce. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT Co. SPEED BOAT Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger---- $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares) -------- 3. ()0 Half-hour trips, per p gº . 1.00 FOWER BOATS Excursions to southeast arm of lake, per individual (this trip not made for less than $40) $2.00 16-foot and 18-foot launches: - Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle) - 20, 00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle) 3. 50 • ROWBOATS *. Per day, 8 hours $2.50 Per hour . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock, near Lake Hotel, and from general store, near dock at West Thumb. * - ROWBOATS EQUIPPED WITH MOTORS Per day, 8 hours $10.00 Per hour 2. 50 Boat rental and services of motor boat and attendants' time commence at time of leaving the dock until return ; or if boat is engaged in advance, charges start from time for which boat is engaged. FISEIING TACRTLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day----------------- $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. BATHHOUSE, UPPER GEYSER BASIN (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) Swimming pool, including use of bathing suit $0.50 Private pool, one person, with or without bathing Suit - 1.00 Two or more persons using same private pool, charge for second and each additional person, with or without bathing suit . 50 Tub bath - . . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5, no charge).---------------- . 25 Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by SCOutmastel"---------------- . 25 90 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Caps - - - •. - ----- $0.25 Caps, higher grade. - - * • 50 Shoes - - - 1.00 TJse of inflated floats , - --------- . .25 AUTOMOBILE CAMIP GROUND Showers ,-,-----— — — •. . Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof .25 2 Electric irons, per hour or fraction thereof PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TourisT) RANCHES “ . . The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly ..exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces vast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern tourists has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the parlance of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude" ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each Summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904 when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton Brothers “Dude Ranch * at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellowstone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North of Sheridan, in the Birney (Mont.) ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are dis- covered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois (Wyo.) dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip of both parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big y # YELLOWSTONE, N4 - Agrº ... T. F#5. º • { & 91 # 3: ... ." . . * ... º.º. ... • *, *-* “g. *, *, *. Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crow and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. . Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is un- equaled, - CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. * The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters and their tourist rates can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. XELLOWSTONE. W.' s ºf . The National Parks Portfolio (FIFTH EDITION) presentation of the national Bound securely parks and national monu- in cloth ments in picture. The selection is One dollar from the best work of many pho- tographers, professional and amateur. It contains nine chapters each de- scriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other. t parks and monuments. 270 pages, | including 310 illustrations. \ * Sent postpaid, upon receipt of price in cash or money order, by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 92 Fountain Geyser LOWER GEYSER BASIN Photographs by Col. C. H. Birdseye, U. S. Geological Survey Terrace Falls Union Falls IN THE FALLS RIVER SECTION Haynes Photograph OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINT ING OFFICE : 1930. P 7.2 ºz. Z/ & UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR RAY LYMAN WILBUR, SECRETARY Z/SNATIONAL P A R K S E R V ICE - HORACE. M. ALBRIGHT, DIRECTOR CIRCULAR OF GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING - : * ~ *- : * > . - - * - * - sº º- - - - º º - tº-- ~~~~<^* - - º - Photo by J. E. Haynes MAM M OTH HOT SPRINGS TERRACE SEASON FROM JUNE 20 TO SEPTEMBER 19 1932 Photo by Joseph Joffe MADISON JUNCTION MUSEUM Photo by J. E. ſº CAM P|NG | N MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS AUTOMOBILE CAMP As many as 300 cars may be parked in this site in a single night during the summer season /* 7.2.2 -Z/ & The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this inror- mation circular and contains more illustrations and historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. - - - • * C O N T E N T S IPage General description-------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..— — — — — — — — — — — — : I The geysers-------------------------------------------------- 1 Other hot-water phenomena------------------------------------ 2 - Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone------------------------------- 3 Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls-------------------------------- 4 Remarkable fossil forests------------------------- -------------- 4 Great wild-life refuge------------------------------------------ 6 Do not feed the bears-------------------------------------- 6 Trout fishing------------------------------------------------- . 6 : The Grand Teton National Park----- — — — — — — — — — 7 Sylvan Pass and the Red Canyon of the Shoshone----------------- - 8 The trail system---------------------------------------------- 8 Administration of the park----------------------------------------- 9 Protection of the park----------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 The guide, lecture, and museum service--------------------- ----- 9 The rules and regulations-------------------------------------- 10 - The park Season.--------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 Railroad information---------------------------------------------- 10 Escorted tours to the national parks----------------------------- 12 Transportation and accommodations-------------------- ------------ 13 Medical and hospital Service-------------------— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13 Telegrams-------------- *- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14 Post office------------- ------------------------------------------- 14 Automobile highway information----------------------------------..— — 14 Automobiles in the park-----------------------— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16 Free camp grounds-------------------------------------------- 17 Gasoline, oil, etc.------------------------------------ ---------- 17 Fuel--------------------------------------------------------- 17 The park milepost system------------------------------------------ 17 Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest 18 Gºg, the northern entrance (N. E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs * * * M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs---------------------- 19 - Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs.---------------------- 22 Mountain climbing---------------------------------------- 23 Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) to Norris Junction (N. J.)---------- 23 Norris Junction (N. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)---------------- 24 Norris Junction (N. J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.)-------------- 24 Norris Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- 25 Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon----------------- 26 Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.) ----------------- 27 Lower Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- 28 Midway Geyser Basin------------------------------------- 30 Upper Geyser Basin--------------------------------------- 30 Trails and side trips from Old Faithful----------------------- 32 Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.) -- 35 The West Thumb (W. T.)---------------------------------- 36 101956°–32—1 I II CONTENTS Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest—Continued. JPage West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.)------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36 Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge----------------------- 37 Lake Junction (L. J.)-------------------------------------- 37 Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.) ----------------- 38 Canyon Junction (C. J.) ------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 38 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.) ---------------- 39 Grand Canyon-------------------------------------------- 39 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) ----------- 40 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.)---------------------- ---------- 41 Side trips from Tower Falls Junction and Roosevelt Lodge----- 41 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.) - - - - - 42 West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.).-------------------------------------------- 43 Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.) -- 43 Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S. E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.)--------------------------------------------- 45 Tower Falls Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont----------------------------------------------- 47 Bº Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance e ==ºs e º - am - - - - = sº sº ºms amº - am - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * - * * 47 Yellowstone Park trails-------------------------------------------- 48 oward Eaton Trail------------------------------------------- 48 Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances---- 49 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs--------------------------- 51 Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles----- 52 Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52 Norris Geyser Basin--------------------- .* = - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52 Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin).------------- 53 Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin).------------------ 53 Fishing in the Yellowstone Park- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53 Wild animals----------------------------------------------------- 54 Trees------------------------------------------------------------- 54 Rules and regulations: General regulations--------------------------------------------- 56 Automobile and motor-cycle regulations-------------------------- 61 Maps------------------------------------------------------------ 63 Literature: Government publications--------------------------------------- 64 Distributed free by the National Park Service- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 Sold by the Superintendent of Documents_-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 References--------------------- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 65 Other national parks------------------------------------------ 68 National monuments.------------------------------------------ 68 Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1932--- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 68 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co------------- - - - -------------------- 68 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co--------------------------- 71 Accommodations before and after season.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73 Photographs of the park--------------------------------------- 74. Stores and news stands------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - 75 Wood for fuel-----------------------------------------... - - - - - - - - 75 Transportation in the park------------------------------------- 75 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 78 Bathhouses--------------------------------------------------- 79 Personally conducted camping parties--------------------------- 80 Dude (tourist) ranches----------------------- - ------------ 80 Camping parties with licensed guides------------------------ 80 MAPs AND ILLUSTRATIONS COVER - Mammoth Hot Springs Terrace- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------ Outside front Madison Junction Museum ----------------------------------- Inside front Camping in Mammoth Hot Springs Automobile Camp ----- ------ Inside front Fountain Geyser------------------------------- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inside back Falls in Falls River section-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Inside back Old Faithful Geyser------------------------------------------------ Back CONTENTS Af TEXT Ideal section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing suc- cession of buried forests------------------------------------------ Profile through line of travel—north and south—in Yellowstone National * and region south of park, including Teton Mountains and Jackson ake- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Map showing railroad routes--------------------------------------- Map showing automobile routes------------- - ---------------------- Sketch map of Mammoth Hot Springs.------------------------------- Sketch map of Norris Geyser Basin. --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sketch map of Lower Geyser Basin---------------- * ~ * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sketch map of Upper Geyser Basin---------------------------------- Map of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sketch map of Grand Canyon-------------------------------------- * DON’T RUSH THROUGH THE PARK ENJOY IT LEISURELY THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 22; total area, 12,759.40 square miles] Name of park Location Area in Square miles Distinctive characteristics Bryce Canyon------ 1928 Carlsbad Caverns-- - 1930 Grand Canyon----- Grand Teton.------- Gre at Mounta 1930 Smoky ins. TTawaii Southwestern Utah--- Southeastern New Mexi - 100. Southwestern Oregon- Middle eastern Cali- Oºnlà. Northwestern Mon- tana. North central Arizona_ Northwestern Wyo- Imlng. North Carolina and TenneSS06. Hawaii 18.06 55,06 1. 12 249 4 1, 533.87 1,009 150 465. 18 24 5 The group of granite mountains upon Mount Desert Island and also bold point on opposite - d across Frenchmans Bay—Formerly called the Lafayette National Park. Box canyons filed with countless array of fantas- tically eroded pinnacles—Best exhibit of vivid .# of earth's materials. Beautifully decorated limestone caverns, believed to be largest yet discovered. . Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct volcano—Sides 1,000 feet high—Interesting lava formations—Fine ing. . Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree, and grove of Big Trees. Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed alpine character—250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty—60 small glaciers—Precipices thou- sands of feet deep—World-famous scenery of marked individuality—Fine trout ing. The greatest example of erosion and the most sub- lime spectacle in the world - Includes most spectacular portion of Mountains, an uplift of unusual grandeur. This area is not to be developed as a national park until at least 427,000 acres have been do- nated to the United States, as Specified in the organic act. Meanwhile the park area of 297,- 719.7 acres already in Federal ownership is being protected by the National Park Service. Interesting volcanic areas— uea and Mauna Loa, active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii; Haleakala, a huge extinct volcano on the island of Maui. 47% prings said to Teton Ur 1916 Hot Springs-------- 1921 Lassen Volcanic---- - 1916 1906 Mount McKinley-- 1917 Mount Rainier----- 1899 Platt. 1902 . . Rocky Mountain--- 1915 Sequoia------------- 1890 - Wind Cave--------- 1903 Yellowstone-------- 1872 Middle Arkansas----- Northern California--- Southwestern Colo- rado. South central Alaska-- West central Wash- ington. Southern Oklahoma--- North middle Colo- rado. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. South Dakota.--------- Northwestern Wyo- ming, southwestern M on t an a , and northeastern Idaho. Middle eastern Cali- fornia. Southwestern Utah--- 163. 32 80. 11 2,645 377. 78 1. 30 400, 52 18. 89 3,426 1, 162.43 t S p.º. properties— any hotels and boarding houses—19 bath- houses under Government supervision. Re- served by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Reservation to prevent exploitation of hot WaterS. Only recently active volcano in, United States proper—Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet—Cinder Cone 6,913 feet—Hot springs: Mud geysers., . Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Highest mountain in North America—Rises higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. . . Largest accessible single peak glacier system; 28 glaciers, some of large size; 48 Square miles of ier, 50 to 500 feet thick—Wonderful subal- p & Sulphur and other springs said to possess heal- ing properties. Heart of the Rockies–Snowy range, peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude—Remarkable records of glacial period. The Big Tree National Park—Scores of sequoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter, General sherman Tree, 36.5 feet in diameter and 272.4 feet high–Towering mountain ranges—Starting precipices—Mount Whitney—Kern River Canyon. Cavern having several miles of galleries and nu- merous chambers containing peculiar forma- 10ITS- More geysers than in all rest of world together— Boiling springs—Mud volcanoes—Petrified forests—Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- markable for gorgeous coloring-Large lakes— Many large streams and waterfalls—Vast wil- derness, one of the greatest wild bird and animal preserves in the world—Exceptional trout fishing. Valley of world-famed beauty—Lofty cliffs—Ro- mantic vistas—Many waterfalls of extraordi- height—3 groves of Big Trees—High Sierra—Waterwheel Falls—Good trout fishing. Magnificient gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls—Of great beauty and scenic interest. befoetrer Gº THE t = \ UNITED ~ : Afts ºf AMERitºu, JU' ſ 1937 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Yellowstone, probably the best known of our national parks was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rec- tangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revising its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. It is under the control and super- vision of the National Park Service of the Interior Department. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho.” It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surrounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. . Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor, New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser’ originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. . - - Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surround- ing mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geo- logical speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Wash- burn's summit, and examined from the main road north of the pass, the conformation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is suggestive even to the unscientific eye. - In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. . . . THE GEYSERS There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park. Most of them are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, * Of the park area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 245 square miles Within the State of Montană, and 36 square miles within the State of *d. G 2 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals, longer or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, be- comes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. - It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to play. At last the steam from the water in the bottom expands so rapidly under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down, so the water bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the superheated water below, which suddenly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, runs off or with other water, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. . One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at the Old Faithful Museum. This geyser, when in action, plays at short regular intervals. The water is heated electrically in a metal bulb and finds its way to the surface through a winding tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot- water phenomina. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely sepa- rated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water flows over the edges of these fretted basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, decorating them with hues of red, pink, tan, brown, and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 3 sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity, every 65 minutes. Some of the jargest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months, Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well- marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many in- stances beautifully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed, the entire park is a won- derland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western coun- try, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the &º River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visiting “The Grand Canyon’ without designating a location. It is the giant of Canyons. - - The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and plunges downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious panorama. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleidoscope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through 4 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE all the brick shades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the churning river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. - - DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass or the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is encountered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the newly acquired region on the northwest known as the Gallatin Petrified Forests, and in the northeast, known as the Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests. These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests” might imply. These are not readily accessible to the tourist, with the excep- tion of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six-tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park to-day. . They included broad-leaved species, such as laurel, Sycamore, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out among other things, great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dis- solved and the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduction in rock of the original form of the tree, in many cases cell for cell. In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repeti- tion of this process twelve times—with intervening periods of vol- canic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL IPARK 5 == - º Łºś º º º § § º **** šº Sºjº Eº- - -º-º-º:= Eº ###########5:º) §§ §§ §§ ºg ºº #Tºº ğ § §º Cº. === º IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDS OF SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUC- CESSION OF BURIED FOREST.S. AFTER HOLMES 101956°–32—2 & 6 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK and in time petrified. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. . GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most successful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,426 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 310 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring, when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders’ camps in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks’ experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, how- ever, they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family so to speak—are numerous in the park. While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that these bears, too, are wild animals and should be treated as such. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellow- stone Lake. - DO NOT FEED THE BEARS Wisitors must not feed bears, as this has resulted in the past in many injuries, some of which have been severe. The bears are greedy and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Food left in cars tempts bears to cause damage. - TROUT FISHING Trout fishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout which often attain great size. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7 Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freel from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excel- lent catches to the skillful angler. - The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is j fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. Detailed information concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 53. . - * THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraor- dinary, massing of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous crea- tions of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. - Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank rob- ber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man’” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted murderer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous º herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at €1SUII'ê. ^ - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of con- tributing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful eople. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone National Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 50 miles, and an additional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes, as well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Moun- tains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey required. Automobile stages run from Yellowstone Park to Moran and back, on regular schedule. - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK t;3 § ..? & 'Q. s # # # # 3 ; ; ; ; ; ; |-g- ~2. r º Tººl V º *: j. In SSSºzºſ. A F: sºn U) º Nº. 1 gº Fº, y? : ; , 5= 3 \º. un w lu y: tº " º: - =! ; : , ; 9% § ‘. . " He to 3. §§ § 3; - j? 23 il. -l - © u º:-----> -->;- - - Z Tº à • ºr a E < P. Lul Q3 (1 . * . # ig #9 I. !--. - F. : : ---& - / # z ºft; - §: 5s 53 # Nisva N lu m3 +2 §§g 3SABs) six-son I #2 #### º N # Ö----É##- § § 2.Égé $33 s ### S;" H. : ºº (D © 3 #3; # § # 5 5-8. : à | Š§ ; | E. GI Aſ ci *Iw L N. 3. NI 1. n o so s i - § SYLVAN PASS AND THE RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened up- on these fantastic rock shapessilhouetted against the sky. - And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York’s famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deeplake of wa- ter and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps un- equaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the impris- oned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. * THE TRAIL SYSTEM Yellowstone National Park was finally motor- ized in 1917. The reduc- tion of time required to travel between points of special interest permits the visitor to spend a far YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 9 greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sight-see- ing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping equipment. . . . . . t To facilitate the protection of the park and to meet the needs of visitors, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appropriations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and nearly nine hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before start- ing, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in the center of this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 48 to 50 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. - ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive of— fices of the park administration and of the public utilities that oper- ate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. - The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All comments regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. - - PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless visitors. This tem- porary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. . THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Norris Geyser Basin, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures aré given in the evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. 10 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The National Park Service has established official information bu- reaus in a building near the superintendent's office at Mammoth and at the museums at Norris, Old Faithful, and Fishing Bridge. This is a free service for all visitors. Circulars of general informa- tion regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and auto- mobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on geysers, geological history, fossil forests, and fishes of the Yellowstone, topographic maps and other publica- tions pertaining to the park are on sale at nominal charges at all museums except Norris and Madison Junction. A museum of both the natural and the human history of the park is maintained in connection with the information bureau at Mam- moth. Old Faithful Museum, between the inn and the auto camp, is devoted largely to geyser activity and its products. The Norris Geyser Basin Museum is remarkable for its simple and easy manner of telling the story of volcanism in the park, as well as of the thermal features of that area. Madison Junction Museum is devoted to historical events of the park, while Fishing Bridge Museum deals primarily with the biologic life of the park and the history and eology of Yellowstone Lake. . A trail-side shrine near Obsidian É. explains that great mountain of volcanic glass. THE RULES AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park, was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regu- lations printed on pages 56–63, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and reglations are tried at headquarters by the United States commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum. - THE PARK SEASON The park season extends from June 20 to September 19, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 19 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. (See p. 73.) Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor-bus tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- road also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific system reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont., and on the south from Victor, Idaho; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the autostage drive of 54 miles; and the Chi- cago & North Western Railway has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 174 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily auto- mobile service. - g --~ YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL 11 PARK 4 isº toū” dos” not * sy" | tºthbridge A N Pacific D A AT canadian isk- LAx ; ---ºft' Bº A GHACišRTNRTjöf * - _e_e = *** e ton Shelt n NAL FAR Creºy jet Głtler Park GREAT y'Havre Malta - Stanley not Usedº bºls Lake º: Norr wden Sanish * º - RERN - wº. Max Y M. 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Gallup SANTA FE & Vºf *! - O ...tº; 'A <y Flagstaff oréau fg - - Amaril trified Albur - Tucumcari K . Monrezu MA §§ rt M. Gran querqueſſ” O Cany P TT NA $. º ****Holbrºº Nºrºº:: ontºyºkºzº” *.. Prescot? St. Johns air Sirº Clovis Plairvi Vermº. Adnor N W X rº w grºwiew - l * Y: It I Z O N A N. E. %. sº Mºż *… | .9.9 : * Wichita Fa - PHoenix * Cº. º Lubbokk bowie Floreſco dº Roswell T X A. s3. ãºor, * - "… * *** Abiline & wº foºtwear CARLSBAD t Sweetwa Lordsburg Rincon 9; CAVERNS Carlsb & J.' Tucson NATL PARK ...] sº cº - Pactric - * * :V- ºf ºf "ºº-º-º-º: Lº >ºf El Paso A. temple!” h *s º $o «: Pecos O. San Angelo 2: ºoY-Nº. * Sierra Blahē Wan H Cº. M an horn Austin E X I C O & Zºº - s $2 an Antonio too Jos tow scale of TTes * 25 50 tºo. 150 200 250 300 R A J L R O A D R O U T ES 12 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these six gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other five. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks in the Rocky Mountain tº: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa €I’Ole. . - Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side- trip in connection with journeys to other destinations will find stop- over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Poca- tello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets; or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round- trip tickets. Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sight-seeing ” tour of the park of about five days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested rail- roads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers enter the park, i. e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. - . For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. . - ESCORTED TOURS TO THE NATIONAL PARKS Several of the larger railroads operate escorted tours to the prin- cipal national parks of the West, such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, Rocky Mountain, Grand Canyon, Zion, Bryce Canyon, Glacier, and Mount Rainier, and some even go as far as Hawaii and Mount McKinley. - . tº , e. The tour-way is an easy and comfortable method of visiting the parks, as all arrangements are taken care of in advance. The total cost of the trip is included in the all-expense rate charged, and the escort in charge of each party attends to the handling of tickets, baggage, and other travel details. This is an especially interesting YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 13 mode of travel for the inexperienced traveler or for one traveling alone. The escort, in addition to taking care of the bothersome details of travel, also assists the members of his party to enjoy the trip in every way possible. . Full information concerning these escorted tours may be obtained by writing to the passenger traffic managers of the railroads serving the various national parks. TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS There are four hotels, six lodges, and an automobile transporta- tion line operated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 61 to 63, inclusive. For authorized rates of the public utilities see page 68. The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is usually quite sufficient unless considerable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for pas- sengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. Liability of transportation company for loss of baggage in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rub- bers) are advisable. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Dusters or heavy coats may be rented for park trips by those desiring them. Visitors desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Gey- ser Basin, West Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge (the outlet of Yellow- stone Lake), the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. Photo finishing plants are operated at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), and photographs, enlargements, souvenir post cards, and other photographic supplies are available at these stores. MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has head- quarters at Mammoth Hot Springs where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are constantly available. A well-equipped hospi- tal with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. Physicians of the medical service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are pro- vided with adequately equipped dispensaries. 101956°–32—3 14 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse, proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical service can be summoned by telephone. Bates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of un- delivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. - POST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad visitors are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depend- ing upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth Hotel and Mam- moth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mam- moth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal sta- tions in the park at Old Faithful, Lake Outlet, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION The Yellowstone National Park may be reached by motorists over good connecting automobile roads from a number of the main trans- continental automobile highways. Gardiner, the northern entrance to the park, is reached from Livingston, Mont., on the National Parks Highway, U. S. Highway No. 10, and the Yellowstone Trail. Ameri- can Automobile Association offices throughout the country are pre- pared to furnish reliable information and maps of routes to and from the park. - The Cody or eastern entrance may be reached from the National Parks Highway, U. S. Highway No. 10, and the Yellowstone Trail by turning south from Billings, Mont., and following the main traveled highway via Laurel, Bridger, and Powell to Cody, Wyo. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 15 ins" 1 og • ios” lot" Macleod C WATERY A. J"º La - N A D & ergoňo-l.-- - %) CERNATIONATEF -- Ern \_ GRSier P. Shel 'Hayre Crosby \dson - ark s. ! º Kalispell C. 2 Malt wil º Stanley inot Devils Lake | XQom w illiston B Samish kgton : * Nº. 8 -U. 5. e N E R T H Grand s\Croo 2 jºi feat Faſis Alexander º forks \\ } Bemidji 880 u dºrds - ... v U. & G - Gle -) • to fºLENA & =#. §range five us. Nº D - A K os. o T to # Moorhead i f N. T A ºr - Fallºn C. * is alsma Rc * w Wademä - - W tte : Miles Cit 3. © AWMYS.N. S. |-ºwls ANd c{A hree \forks Custer UT 6 izpah Bowman ---4- M §§ ave #. Bozemº º 9s Billings pan L__ - - ** ; ºn Len n Gatewaw - - - - - bi..."?y Jºgº C 24ſ. iTººrdin uſfalo tº: idg º og Aberdeen {\Ortonville, e " Gardin ºbus ū roadus i. Coal Sprº. Sºlº, \ \Willm as: est, Vellowston Ç - *-- go - *-i- frºs. º *. e 00ke ºtyº -- -- ºth TG4ttysbyf - ir- us - - - (o s alth ysbyrg Redfield C. YELLOWSTO Ç U.S. 2 olºo reybull ° N *Flºwer # h I) A. A 95. th. #. NATIONAL/PAR ski Buffalº Lºſº's gº-ºpean" gº:RRE *\-Kºngton(Vºß-g I Dj A gº &"º"Nºoid city Phili, ſº * * * ta *| Idah/ Moran "ariº /nº Moorcro *ſ state ºg y Philip s: lacks: 0 orian --- Lj.5. ºſ-SºfiaN TETON Newcastlººkºu:IER3ſº §4. RK ; joon c ... }ẠNATNRARK IND CAVE NAT1.. ve. Falls ºBlackfoot § \signon") ºve” “...if yū Spræ, *W*\ºpent iropº Bocatello Wr Šſº Spencer U Colomé *… ;I - - - tº M.” ottefell ſé m Pinedèle e Laße -- Cz zo - G llusk adron Merrim 2 9.s. * }o Sioux & al º o $2w sº az Ori : i U.5. Long Pine Cºty HS-S. 4. º: ingle .* - • - - issouri wº g Kemme º, ū. º §." Lurr ºn At". MPN. K A re º - re * igham r s s. Spra. ºjºſeo - Sãot | § N E B R A S Columbu º o: 392~Granger Larami i–1 a.s. Sidney $3.98-lälla is C. º 41 Echo City - ... 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Nogales Pecos San Angelj s Af so Nan Hør & s § *\º Georgetow Fort Stockton 2 go s mera rederickgbur go Boern roºs to 5 ° * 5** San Anton 25 50 to scale,; Mile, 250 3. A UT O MOB I L E R O U TES 16 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE West Yellowstone at the western entrance can be reached from the above main highways from Bozeman, Mont., traveling up the Galla- tin Valley, and from Missoula or Butte, Mont., via the Ruby Valley or the valley of the Madison River. Inquiry should be made at the various cities concerning road conditions. The Lincoln Highway traverses southern Wyoming, and motor- ists traveling this route may reach Yellowstone Park by the eastern or Cody entrance by turning north at Cheyenne and following the Yellowstone Highway via Casper, Thermopolis, and Cody, or they may reach West Yellowstone, the western entrance, by turning north at Salt Lake City and following the main traveled road through Idaho via Ogden, Utah, and Pocatello and Idaho Falls. The south- ern or Snake River entrance is reached from this Idaho highway by turning east at Sugar City, crossing the Teton Basin, thence crossing the Teton Mountains via the Teton Pass into the Jackson Hole country. This trip affords wonderful views of the Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Lake. The southern entrance may also be reached from the Lincoln Highway via Lander, Dubois, Tog- wotee Pass, and Moran, leaving the Lincoln Highway at Rawlins, Wyo., or turning north from the highway at Rock Springs, by using the Hoback Canyon route, via Pinedale, Hoback Canyon, Jackson, and Moran. The Atlantic-Yellowstone-Pacific Highway also enters the park by way of Lander after crossing Wyoming from the Black Hills. For information concerning this highway write to the sec- retary, Chamber of Commerce, Sioux Falls, S. Dak. Yellowstone Park is also reached through the Cody or eastern entrance by the Black and Yellow Trail, and the Custer Battlefield Hiway, both of which traverse the Black Hills and give direct access to the Custer State Park and the Wind Cave National Park of South Dakota, and the Devils Tower National Monument in Wyoming; both also cross the Big Horn Mountains. The Custer Battlefield Hiway also leads to Glacier Park, and by taking the main highways west from Billings, Mont., travelers on this route may reach the north gateway of the Yellowstone. For information concerning the Black and Yellow Trail, address the Huron Chamber of Commerce, Huron, S. Dak. Address W. D. Fisher, secretary, Custer Battlefield Hiway, Mitchell, S. Dak., for information relative to this highway. From Glacier National Park motorists may reach Yellowstone by any one of the following routes: - The Geysers-to-Glaciers Trial via Choteau, Wolf Creek Canyon, Helena, Three Forks, Bozeman, and West Yellowstone. The Yellowstone-Glacier Bee Line via Choteau, Great Falls, White Sulphur Springs, and Livingston. The Flathead Valley Route via Kalispell, Missoula, Butte, Boze- man, and Livingston, or by turning off at Butte or Bozeman, routes as above discussed, leading to the western entrance, may be followed. Most of our national parks are linked together by the National Park-to-Park Highway, dedicated in 1920. . AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 61.) Guides are not neces- sary as all roads and features are well marked. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 17 FREE CAMP GROUNDS A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improve- ment. In these camp grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is available at nominal cost. Cooking grates are provided. These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of cars. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of interest, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to sanitation in all camp grounds. GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company carries a stock of automobile accessories, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge Auto Camp, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. FUEL Wood yards are operated on the “Cash and Carry’ basis by the Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. THE PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond- shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case ini- tials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have sometimes been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gate- way, and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles, The following is a key to the milepost initials: N. E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont, W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. East entrance, 54 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S. E. South entrance, 27 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop System. N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. - - 18 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop SV SÜCD1. y; J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J. Tower Falls Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke, Mont., leaves the loop system. C. S. Cooke Station, 4 miles Southwest of Cooke, Mont., on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Falls Junction. Mt. W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. As the map between pages 38 and 39 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop " Highway. There are 143 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 67.2 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 94.3 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 28 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone National Forest and 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest. YELLOWSTONE PARK TOUR-PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST - GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)” (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no good camp site near the town. The Mammoth automobile camp is located on the eastern edge of Mammoth Hot Springs, near the headquarters power plant, slightly over 4 miles from Gardiner. This is the first camping site upon entering the park from the north. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along the Gardiner River. - Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recognized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. 2 The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop road at Madison Junction (M. J.), 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 27. The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 43. The road from the southern entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 36.) The route from the southern entrance is given on p. 45. The road from Cody yia eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L. J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 43.) The route from Cody is given on p. 43. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 19 Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 1% miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mam- moth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is ob- tained a magnificent view to the south and east. It is named from a tomblike rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as im- plied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136° F. in 1896. From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 14% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the Superintendent's Office; United States Commissioner's Office; Mammoth Information Office and Museum; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park (Wyo.), post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. The main highway leads to the Mammoth Lodge, the buffalo cor- ral, the loop-road around the hot-springs formations, and Norris Geyser Basin. A small herd of buffalo may be seen at the corral, one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge. The loop road around the formations enables the motorist to drive his car to some of the hot springs terraces. The terraces, however, are best seen by foot trail as described later. No private camping is permitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is 8.2 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs In seeing the springs and terraces the directions here given are usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation south of the Park Curio Store. It is similar to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and its form is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist al- most exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essen- tially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyserite. Under favorable condi- tions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Objects lying for a day or two in the water frequently show a substantial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the 20 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. From Liberty Cap the trail goes to the north and around New Hymen Terrace to the arch designating the Terrace Trail. After partly circling Hymen. Terrace, which is only occasionally active, the trail leads to Devils Thumb, similar in origin to Liberty Gap. The trail now climbs to Minerva Terrace with its Grotto.. With Mound and Main Terraces to the left, the trail bears to the right past Cleopatra Terrace, then up the stairs and along the top of a ridge which was once an active terrace similar to Marrow Gauge Terrace, which is next. These two formations were built up by springs which emerged along a fissure. Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now ex- tinct. From this place the trail parallels the auto road past The Buttress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring Mound, a prominent knob of travertine (hot springs deposit) which is slowly building up. From here the trail branches to the left and goes directly to the Devils Kitchen. The trail branching to the right passes Stygian Caves, White Elephant Back Terrace and eventually leads to Devils Kitchen. Since these features lack the interest which they once held, the trail has been shortened to go directly to the Devils Kitchen, the fissure of an ancient hot spring. The visitor should note that this is the only opening that is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small ani- mals fall victims annually to the gas, especially in the Stygian Caves, which are the most dangerous of all. The Kitchen marks the high point of the Terrace Trail. From here it leads down past New Highland Terrace, Glen Springs, Old Angel, and on to Angel Ter- pace. The latter is considered by many to be the most beautiful of all the terraces. The numerous dead trees found here are not petri- fied but are well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. From Angel Terrace the trail goes over the ridge to the north, thence down to Blue Springs. By standing near these powerful springs or at a point near Canary Spring, once quite active and lo- cated just south of Blue Springs, one can observe the wonderful colorings of the pools and terraces. The color is due to micro- scopic plants called algæ, which give shades varying from delicate peach, through brown to dark green. Long strands of a yellow- colored substance may be noticed in places. Most of this yellow is caused by minute forms of life known as bacteria. At many places upon the broad bench of Jupiter Terrace the springs present the appearance of boiling, though most of their temperatures are far below the boiling point, which is approximately 198° F. at this altitude. The violent agitation is due to the escape of gases, largely carbonic-acid gas. From south of Blue Springs the trail leads down alongside Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot-spring terrace in the world, past Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool, and down the side- walk to Liberty Cap, -- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 21 * * * * . re:#dºws.Agr. GéAERAL Sraffé *} Gapitol Hill CURIO. **** v. s. commissioners office? \ ^ (2. *_ Liberty Gap º 3o Y } Wºo z Hymen /oDevil Thumb. slº Terrace./ sºo , ºr f *Old Palette Spring I ... * * - - * * * * * - sº N. Minerya Y Terrace #!/ z z z sº / Mºnd C * . . . ferrade r Cleopatra Terrage ...” •ºe:::: º aih oš. 2' Tºe ºf z Springs f Blue */ \\ o © Springs Ganaſy Narrow \ sº 9 e §jpg sº augé. ...***** \º Terrace *. o Gheops.Mound ſ cº Glen Spring Mew Highlando .# º, errace ...” Angel & Lookout Points, gerrace & . . \, - & Devils Kitchen \ _ºzs- ~! * , Orange Sºting, SCALE or FEET Jº- -- *|† 2Oo 200 400 600 Road \ * * * - - - - - Formation Trail * * * * - , - . Nature Trail SKETCH MAP OF MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS 101956°–32—4 - 22 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE McCartney Cave is an old extinct spring. . Its wire-covered open- ing may be found in the lawn near the tennis court. Free guide service is available twice daily over the Terrace Trail and once daily over the Nature Trail. A ranger naturalist takes a party over the formations, pointing out and explaining the various features to those who make the trip. Lectures are also given in the evenings by these men at the hotel, lodge, and auto camp. SIDE TRIPs FROM MAMMOTH Hot SPRINGs Clematis Gulch Nature Trail.-Two-mile nature-study walk be- ginning at Hymen. Terrace, to the right of Liberty Cap, and re- turning by way of hot springs, if desired. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled and explained. No guide necessary. Rangers’ Nature Trail.-Five-mile round-trip horseback ride, start- ing through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are ex- tensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals themselves. Guide necessary. Can also be made on foot. Around Bunsen Peak.-Ten miles by partly improved automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. A foot- path leads to the bottom of Osprey Falls. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. makes the trip available to rail visitors as well as to private motorists. • : Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. - Buffalo herds.--Small show herd is kept in summer in corral one- half mile south of Mammoth Lodge, on main road to Norris Junction. Guide not needed. Formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke, Mont. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison on sum- mer range, but usually inaccessible to motorists. Accommodations #. Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. : "..., Falls (132 feet).-Near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Northeastern portion of park.-A trip could be made to include the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke, Mont. (a picturesque old mining camp from which there is no automobile exit road except through the park), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), pro- vides accommodations. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke, Mont., but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 41.) YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 23 MOUNTAIN CLIMBING “ Electric Peak (11, 155 feet).-Ten miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bwnsen, Peak (8,500 feet).-South 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. - Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet).-West of Bunsen Peak. Mount Everts (7,900 feet).-Northeast. Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles, Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet) —West 5% miles by well-marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. - MAMMOTH Hot Springs (M. s.) To Norris JUNCTION (N.J.) (21 miles) Nearly 4 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, piled up in a most confused man- ner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, evidently were broken off the higher level and brought down by the natural slipping of the soil on the valley's side. Nearly a mile far- ther is Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engineering Kingman Pass presented. Bumsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 47 feet high. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of ºny unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park I'O8 C.S. . On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin, Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Mountain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Trilobite Point (9,900), and Mount Holmes (10,300), on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Camping or fishing is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for headquarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) is near the 6-mile post. After passing the 8-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. Gardiner River (7.289 feet) is crossed just beyond the 8-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. At Apollinaris Spring (11% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways, leading to the spring, for *There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. 24 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE those visitors who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. A trailside shrine is reached a few hundred yards before arriving at Obsidian Cliff. Here one may read the story of the cliff. Obsidian Cliff (13 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitud 7,382 feet, is a cliff made up to a considerable extent of black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red, white, and brown forms. It was much used by Indians for arrowheads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. Roaring Mountain (16% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountain side was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater, the formation gradually spreading to its present size. Twin Lakes (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color—one blue, the other green. Bijah Spring (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is along- side the road and presents an interesting example of a many-cratered Spring. The Frying Pan (18.8 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), alti- tude 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name. The Norris Ranger Station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook trout. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N.J.), Norris Geyser Basin and Norris Museum. - NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - (10.8 miles) z - The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used mostly as a freight road and is not recommended for motorists making the loop trip. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) - The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one-half mile south of the junction. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 25 & - NoRRIS GEYSER BASIN 4 (Altitude, 7,550 feet) The path for viewing this formation starts immediately beyond the parking area and follows the board walk in a southwest direction to the road in front of the Norris Museum. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with bril- liantly tinted algous growths which flourish luxuriantly in the warm waters. Constant Geyser, Whirligig Geyser, Valentine Geyser, in - } - (ſ. º scALE of FEET The MReservoir '') o Rock Spring sºº! Sieve Lake sos-s-soo eco-soo woo Receptacle Spring sº . 2^ --~ g Onyx Springo,’ Q §. Springs, 's' Ebony Geyser Iris Spring & is " a 3 .* - o Constant Geyser - roºfain . Grown Crater #" oarsenio Tº & Grystal Spring Whirligig Geyser’. oBathtub Spring \ - §Emerald Spring O ~T \o New Crater Geyser • . o Mi uſe Man, }% eyser , •/ Monaréh Geyser Crater { S.---50 Echinus Geyser olºrless Geyser Palpitator Spring I- 3) Pebble Geyser Cone Coral Geyser l/ § ğ Lakes º Cold Springs SKETCH MAP OE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN RAGGED HILLS Recess Spring $2 gºggow º Hydrophane Springs § Medusa Spring & a deep pit to the right, and the Black Growler are passed in the order named. Across the road is the interesting Norris Museum. The phenomena of this basin are constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. The vent is an apt illustration of the instability of the phenomena of this basin. The new vent (October, 1930) is located 100 feet down the hill from the old vent and was first active from 1912 to 1926, then the old vent near the road was most active for four years, but gave way to the new vent again in 1930. Bathtub Spring, on the left, is sometimes an active * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 52. 26 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK geyser, playing at intervals of a few minutes; at other times it boils violently, but does not throw out any water. From the Bathtub a path leads south past Emerald Spring, which became a very violent geyser in the fall of 1931, and some small, recent paint pots, through the arch of the Nature Trail to New Crater Geyser. This geyser is a comparatively recent outbreak of a well-known old vent, but un- known to those who witnessed the first display of the so-called New Crater. The texture and color of the most recent deposits are due mainly to salts of iron derived from minerals in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the New Crater. From here the trail leads to Echinus Geyser, so-called because of the resemblance of its for- mation to the sea urchin, then to Fearless Geyser, from which point Viaen (with an interval of three to four minutes), Pearl, Coral, and Pebble Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption, may be visited. The trail leads back to the museum past Veteran and Corporal Geysers to Monarch Geyser Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for the past 10 years. Minute Man Geyser is a short distance to the left and may be visited either from this point or the main highway after leaving the museum. The trail leads back past Emer- ald Spring to the museum parking space. Continuing along the road, from the point where the trail across the floor of the basin be- gins, Congress Pool, on the left of the road, will be seen. It has been a quiet pool, a boiling pool, a steam vent, and a mud geyser, changes occurring so rapidly that one month it may have quite different char- acteristics from those of the preceding or following month. Hurri- cane Vent is a mud vent across the road from Congress Pool and Nuphar Lake on the same side may be viewed from the road. Norris Museum, a trail-side museum of geologic and biologic nature, will prove of real interest. Trips are conducted across the basin, twice daily, by the ranger naturalist in charge of the museum. The road to the left leads to the museum and the entrance of the above trail; the one to the right is the main loop road. ELR PARK, GIBBON MEADows, GIBBON CANYON From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (13 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, of interest due to the peculiar rock formations. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves small cones covered with brown algae and iron, giving them the appearance of being chocolate coated. Through Gibbon. Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,335 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther OIl. - At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist Paintpots, located at the foot of Paintpot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. About 5 miles from Norris Junction is a wooden bridge which leads to the trail to Monument Geyser Basin. This basin is very YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 27 interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because of its location at the top of a mountain. These cones are more of the type of Lone Star and Lion, Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” The trail to the right continues about a mile and a half to Sylvan Springs with its interesting mud pots, steam vents, and pools. - The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles. The canyon is characterized by fine views and many curiosities. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197°.6 F.), on the right, close to the road, is a violent agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (9 miles from Norris Junction), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. - . The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an inter- esting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junc- tion, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet. Here the road from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), enters the main highway system. This is Madison Junction (M. J.)," altitude 6,805 feet. A his- torical museum is located at this point. . MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) TO OLD FAITH FUL (O. F.) (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop high- way the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is Na- tional Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establish- ment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads in the northwestern corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the scenic Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears what is thought by some to be the cross section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rain- bow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. Near Nez Perce Creek is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. Before Nez Perce Creek is reached, a road known as the Fountain Freight Road branches off to the right to rejoin the loop system 5 miles to the south. Two miles on this secondary road, a fork to ***, oute from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), is described In 9. * - 28 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK the right leads to Fairy Creek at the base of Twin. Buttes, 2 miles distant. From its terminus a well-beaten path, three-quarters of a mile long, winds through the woods to the huge crater of the Imperial Geyser which burst forth with tremendous fury in the summer of 1928 and was active little more than a year. This geyser played to a height of 100 to 125 feet for periods of four or five hours, with intervals of rest varying from 12 to 15 hours. The amount of water thrown out during an eruption was between 500,000 and 2,000,000 gallons (2,000 to 8,000 tons), enough to furnish a city of 25,000 inhabitants with its water supply. The geyser was of the fountain type, its eruptions closely resembling, on a smaller scale, those of the extinct giant, Excelsior. Upon leaving the Imperial Geyser and returning to the Fountain Freight Road, one may pro- ceed to Old Faithful by turning to the right. The freight road rejoins the main highway just above Midway Geyser Basin and im- mediately below the 11-mile post (MJ 11, OF 5). Turn left at the junction to visit Eaccelsior Geyser Crater, Grand Prismatic Spring, and Turquoise Pool. - - Low ER GEYSER BASIN “ Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins. A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur scattered throughout the park, but the more prominent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. • From the point of unloading of busses at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former years very prominent, more on ac- count of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. - South of Fountain Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a southwest direction. A branch road leads to the left at Silea, Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. The first inter- esting feature is Hot Lake, at the eastern end of which is a constantly playing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme eastern end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the visitor leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should the wind be causing a disturbance of the water they may not be seen at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake of a deep-seated spring not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transparent water, numerous bubbles of mingled air and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strik- * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 52. YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK 29 ingly resembles a blue flame. This continues till the bubble disap- pears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phe- nomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favorable conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain, Geyser. This geyser, which plays every 8 to 12 hours, is rightfully considered one of the features of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. . . To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length runs past Surprise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting if one has the time. sº. Porcupiñº omorning Mist. 10 WER GEYSER BASIM .r.” Žis Hill in-tº" Springs rt), WORRf8 gº YSER 8ASIM 2? Mit. ES - 23--70UA TA 0 CULEX 'iRY ** BASIN Oo QUAGMIRE § “ößE - - - sº o ** olone sor o' S one Spring , Roun ###"...gourd . Thud Sprinº, &o o Gentian Pool 2. Kaleidoscope * eyse 3233 Leather Pool GAA Fountain Paint Pot to WER ºf YSER BASFA, 70 UPPER GE YSER eastwº z wussº £º SKETCH MAP OF LOWER GEYSER BASIN From Great Fountain Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is small. - The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Fountain is a violently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. - - ... " One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken. Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a promi- nent landmark in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west 101956°–32—5 30 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL IPA.R.E. of Firehole River, at whose base the Imperial Geyser burst forth in July, 1928. - • - . - - - 2 : ! . . . - . . . . MIDwAY GEYSER BASIN Midway Geyser Basān is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designation. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Eacelsior Geyser Crater. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. - The greatest attraction here is Earcelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1890. The beautiful tints and colors of Gramd Prismatic Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy com- anions. The Fountain Freight Road rejoins the main loop road just above the Midway Geyser Basin. * , : Biscuit Basin (3.4 miles from Midway Geyser Basin) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. . . i The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right should be taken if Biscuit Basin is to be visited. If no stop is to be made at Biscuit Basin, either road may be taken, as they unite near Mirror Pool. - . | Biscuit. Basin is on the west side of Firehole River and is reached y a footbridge. Sapphire Pool, one minute quiet and two or three inutes later violently boiling, is the attractive feature here. The peculiar formation at its south end gives the name of “Biscuit ’’ to this basin. A short distance west are Jewel Geyser and Silver Globe 7-0. e - *. . : Mystic Falls is on Little Firehole River some distance to the west and rather difficult to find. - . . . . - - . A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water in action. - - º UPPER GEYSER BASIN " A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory. Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest gey- sers of the world are gathered together in a small space only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few seasons. , , . . At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside Geyser, one of the most prominent of the basin. Its period is very regular, ranging from seven to eight hours. Water * For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 52. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 31 overflows from the lower of its two craters for a period of one-half to two hours immediately preceding an eruption. A camp site is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Special camp Bisguir, g; Avoca Spring-e ‘’ prings '-º', Silver Globes" o 'o - Spring Jewel"Geyser Sapphire Pool*\, ', * - *s-, º º ench Spring Restless Ge yero |sion Spri º & prings 2 § temisia Geyser #! <\ < •º, —l ſl. - Sentine! Geysers } - º • *. Morning Glory Pool t § , , 'T' &Q ºur s Chain Lake N N / - -white pyramid No Sº . syRiverside Geyser & 2 geyser Gone, º, Fºgg/"; NY Pungº Bowl aſ Şā’. >Sº ºſ I 2' - Spring-º.8%. Gygº...!?”“º &e ----> &gºooºº/*B ! sºyz . & Poof - eyser ,” - * ºr Māstiff Geyser Z ind - * ſºiant Geyser - Round *ē £y Purple Pool Springs - & obſong Geyser \ 6% - (BLACK - Sºghromatic Pool sº ºp - Sº Beauty Pool Sunset àkes - ſº \o Wave Spr Rainboy/Pºglºſſ of Spouter Geyser & \ Bo *Economic Geyser Crater ſhlandkerchief Popſ: $owhistle Gé . º o in |Jurban Geyser GRAND .” ty gºtº Geyser. Spanker Springº §gººd ºf GRoué 2 Emerald $t. * Terra gºod'ºïse “Tº / O Pool Eſ...}}s “Spainodic Geyser , U) 2. §gi"Sawmill Geyser * , .<$ * - ׺ . *Liberty Pool &/ .3 3 BASIN Podło S. Tº 3. S N g? A.& \ *G * Three sisters S Springs *hººsersgåntessä, Sør Bºſſeſſly gºad Spri = Road ... - Chinaman cºme a smºs & Bºº & wº Nature Trail . - \Spring’ º sº, º ºs º º mº Formation Trail Old Fait \, .2 old Faithful ld Faithful Lo scale of FEET o T. Boo tooo 15oo 2000T.25oo ty cas spañon" *2. - Pustic ** AUTO CAMP SKETCEI MAP OF UPPER crysm. BASIN , grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faithful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside. Geyser camp. " . . - - 32 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. At this point it is usual to follow the path instead of keeping to the road. . . . From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any un- usual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin. Road) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. Dur- ing the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the Splendid Geyser, which erupted in 1931 for the first time since 1892. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this neighborhood, are con- nected. When one of the geysers of this group plays its appears to affect them all. . . . . . . . . A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black, Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and Rainbow Pool, and to the south’ lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Geyser Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly afterwards joins #. main road a couple of hundred yards or so north of Old Faithful Ellſ!. .. - . . . . . . . . . " - , . . . . . . r ; OLD FAITH FUL (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. . It is 56 miles from Gardiner (N. E.), 51 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude 7,366 feet. . ; - Here is located Old Faithful Inn, and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store and bathhouse are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. - - . . ; . OLD FAITH FUL RANGER STATION AND Community CENTER, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge; and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. Old Faithful Museum, located on the highway beyond the inn, stresses the thermal activity of this geyser basin. A wild flower garden is also worthy of attention. An information desk is maintained for the benefit of the public. Free literature, as well as other publications pertaining to the park, may be obtained here. Lectures are given each night at the museum and the bear feeding grounds. All hikes, including for- mation and nature trail, start from Old Faithful Cone. - TRAILs AND SIDE TRIPs FROM Old FAITH FUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has un- doubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the midst of geyserland, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 33 where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to be seen. For your advantage and convenience, two excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail begins on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is three-quarters of a mile long and completes a loop. The second, or Black Sand Basin Trail, is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the junction of the main highway and the Black Sand Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand Basin road in the reverse direction given above and crosses the main highway near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser, and one may return via the general store. For the convenience of auto visitors who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant Geysers, which are near the main highway. The third, or Greater Geysers T'rail, is a combination of some of the major features of both trails and is a mile and a half long. It is reached by starting at Old Faithful Cone. An auto caravan leaves from the Museum each morning. . . . Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail.—The trail nomi- nally begins at Old Faithful Geyser. It is not the highest or most powerful geyser in the park; it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities and, in addition, it never disappoints, playing, with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished eyes. It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. During the sum- mer season the first eruption after 9 p. m. is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. - The trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to the Firehole River Bridge. On the left are Chinaman Spring and another spring which bears the local name of “Blue Star.” The Firehole River derives its name from the steam vents, or “fire holes " so common along its banks. At Madison Junction it unites with the Gibbon River to form the Madison. The Madison is one of the three rivers which form the Missouri at Three Forks, Mont. After passing through the woods for a short distance the trail approaches the Giantess É. which in some respects is the most spectacular of geysers. Its eruptions, 100 to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 36 hours. They are accompanied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rumblings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is completely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyser and Teakettle Spring, companionate hot- water bodies near by. Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting tex- ture built by the droplets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds and has a miniature eruption every two or three minutes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is 34 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the corallike growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Wature Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Obser- vation Point, from which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. All of the leading features on this trail are labeled and explained. The Geyser Hill Trail completes a loop trip but another trail joins it near Beach Spring, the latter passing Ear Spring to the Lion, Group, which attractively surmounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. * . . . . * * From the Lion Group one may continue on toward the Greater Geysers, or return to Old Faithful Geyser and its vicinity. . If the latter route is chosen, Beehive Geyser, of interest because it has the most symmetrical cone and is the second highest geyser in the park, is passed just before the path crosses the Firehole #. at the Swim- ming pool. The pool is operated under franchise and receives its hot waters through a pipe from Solitary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet and it became a geyser, playing every five minutes to a height of 15 feet or more. From the swim- ming pool the trail leads back to the hotel or lodge. . . . . . . . . The Greater Geysers Trail, taken by turning north at the Lion Group, moves along the Firehole River, past Liberty Pool, Spas- modic, and Sawmill Geysers to the Grand Geyser Group. Of this group, the Triplets, which have some relation to the Grand Geyser, are first approached. The central geyser of this group, the Grand, is considered by many to be the most beautiful geyser in the Yellow- stone. . Its crater is a small opening in a shallow depression. It is almost inconceivable that so wonderful a display of geyser action originates from so unpretentious a crater. Among the large geysers it is second in frequency only to Old Faithful. Its eruptions consist of a series of spurts, and many of the shafts of hot water reach to a height of 200 feet. Just beyond the Grand Geyser is the Turban Gey- ser frequently in eruption. It is so called because of the great turban- like masses of sinter to be found in its crater. + The trail continues past the Grand to a junction from which the return may be made to Old Faithful Geyser by way of Calida Pool, Witches Cauldron, Crested Pool, and Castle Geyser. This latter has the most artistic cone in the basin, both in general outline and detail. It usually erupts daily, but at irregular intervals. . . . . . . Those who wish to continue on from the Grand may do so by keeping to the right past Economic Geyser Crater, where formerly played one of the most attractive geysers in the park. All of the water, which was erupted to a height of 20 to 50 feet, drained back into this crater—it was very economical of its water supply. Beauty Spring; of the Morning Glory type, larger but not so symmetrical, is approached just before Chromatic Pool, which is active only a part of the time. Just beyond this latter pool the Firehole River is crossed, with Inkwell Spring, whose crater is colored by iron com- pounds, on the left of the far bank. Just beyond, and on the right of the trail, is the Oblong Geyser, of interest whether quiet or in TyELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - 35 action. Over 100 yards beyond is the Giant Geyser, with its broken cone and attendant geysers, Mastiff, Bijou, and Catfish. Giant Gey- ser is the highest active geyser in the world, throwing its waters to a height of 200 to 250 feet. Along the road, just beyond, is the Grotto Geyser, famed for its peculiar crater, and beyond it, at the bridge, is the Riverside Geyser. From here the trail retraces to Grotto Gey- ser and turns to the right, paralleling the auto road to Daisy Geyser and Black Sand Basin. The visitor may turn back toward Old Faithful Geyser from Daisy Geyser or he may continue on through the Black Sand Basin. Directions for this trail are given on page 30 under the title “Upper Geyser Basin.” Ranger naturalists conduct parties over these various trails at different times during the day. This is a free service sponsored by the National Park Service. Parties leave Old Faithful cone at stated times, as indicated on the various bulletin boards. Further infor- mation regarding geyser trips may be obtained by inquiry at the museum, hotel, lodge, or housekeeping cabin office. * * * Nature Trail.—This trail may be entered from the Geyser Hill Trail either from the bridge back of Old Faithful Geyser or from a point near Beach Spring. It is composed of two parts, the shorter one being nearly level and remaining at the foot of the hill east of Geyser Hill. The other one is longer, and leads to Observation. Point, halfway up the hill, from which a wonderful view of the Geyser Basin and Old Faithful Geyser in eruption may be had. No guide is needed. Natural features are well labeled. Follow the arrows. Grand Teton National Park and Jackson, Hole.—Sixty-nine miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton National Park bordering Jackson Hole; Grand Teton, 13,747 feet. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Accommoda- tions available at Teton Lodge, Moran, and the Jackson Lake Lodge. Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this is a one-way road for eastbound traffic only. - * OLD FAITH FUL (O. F.) TO WEST THUMB OF YELLOWSTONE - - - LAKE (W. T.) . . . • . (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Continental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades; altitude 7,583 feet. - . At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right running three-quarters of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass along- side of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in spring- time hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out 36 - YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK the other into Atlantic waters and usual compromise by going in both directions. " - - - - , , * - Then the narrow road turns down Corkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb, . 9 miles from De Lacy Creek. e - . :* Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. . . The road descends a little-from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Continental Divide again at an altitude of 8,362 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). - . . . . . º " ; ; From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,730 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. - . . . . - * . 'The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the Paint Pots, boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Entrance, Jackson Lake, and the Grand Teton National Park. The fork to the left is the loop road. - , . . . . . . THE west Taux, (w. T.) The Thumb Ranger Station is on the left at the forks of the road; the housekeeping cabins and Hamilton's store are immediately north, The automobile camp grounds and cafeteria are on the right. Alti- tude 7,784 feet. . . . - - A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fishing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,730 feet), a quarter of a mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which frequently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. A lecture is given each evening in the auto camp by the ranger, in charge of the station. - - * The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 50 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake; * altitude 7,784 feet. - - - west THUMB (w. To to Lake Junction (L. J.) (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion * The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 45. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 37 of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, magnificent views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. On the old road, which branches off to the left at Arnica Creek, at the top of the hill the Knotted Woods are passed on the left, and at a point 11.5 miles from Thumb the Natural Bridge is viewed, 200 yards to the left of the road. A side trip to the last-named feature may best be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then turning left up a long lane, going back over the old road about a mile. The new United States Fish Hatchery (18.4 miles from Thumb; altitude 7,761 feet), is passed just before reaching Lake Hotel. - . Near the Lake Hotel is the boat landing (19.1 miles from Thumb) and a general store selling supplies, fishing tackle, and curios., Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 144 miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Fishing tackle may also be purchased in the general store in the auto camp ground. - * , . LAKE RANGER STATION is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures and free guides are furnished daily by the ranger naturalist service at Lake and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp. - . Lake Auto Camp, between the general store and the ranger station, offers camping facilities for those who have their own equipment. Fishing Bridge Auto Camp Grounds is located a little over 2 miles beyond, on the road to Cody, Wyo., and across the river from Lake Junction. This camp ground contains housekeeping cabins, cafe- teria, garage, store (where fishing tackle may be purchased), picture shop, and bathhouse. There is a newly constructed museum and in- formation office located on the lake shore. The museum contains a number of exhibits explaining the features to be found around Lake Yellowstone. - - f SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole.—Seventy miles (27 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton, 13,747 feet; Jackson Lake and Jackson Hole farther south. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. - - Heart Lake and Geyser Basin.—Twenty-eight miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake.—This trip is made by boat. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.)” Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel, and Lodge the road to East Entrance and Cody branches off to the right. Along this road one- half mile is the outlet of Lake Yellowstone and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp. It is 25.5 miles from Lake Junction to the East Entrance (E. E.); 79 miles to Cody, the east gateway city; 14.3 miles to Can- yon Junction (C. J.); and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); * The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 43. 101956°–32—6 38 YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK altitude, 7,791 feet. Near the Shoshone Dam, on the road between the East Entrance and Cody, several tunnels, the minimum clearance for which is 9 feet 4 inches wide and 11 feet high, will be entered. LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) (14.3 miles) . Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons Mowth, Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road. Around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Val- ley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. As the road crosses Otter Creek a branch road leads to the left to the bear feeding grounds, where each evening a fine show of grizzlies may be seen. Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively lo- cated among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. Uncle Tom's Trail, leading to the foot of the Lower Falls, offers a splendid view of the falls and canyon walls. - The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. The first building to the right is the Haynes's Picture . Shop. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the free public automobile camp grounds, housekeeping cabins and cafeteria, and opposite, on the right, is the CANYON RANGER STATION. Ranger naturalists conduct free guide and lecture service at the hotel and lodge. An auto caravan to Inspiration Point leaves the ranger station daily. - - - A trail to Inspiration Point, along which are several vantage points, offers splendid views of the canyon and falls. A short distance -west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately be. yond there is a fork in the road known as Canyon Junction (C. J.). CANyon Junction (C. J.) Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 39.8 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Morris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left leads to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles distant, used chiefly as a freight road. The main loop road continues north past Canyon Hotel Junction and to the left at Grand View Junc- tion. . . - - 1 11ſoo' - 11o-so" 2 TO LIVINGs Tony 11ofoo TO GAL GATE wa Y * CAMPING i - O *...* \\ is permitted throughout Yellowstone National Park dm specially designed > / Tº Un Ca11110 S1te - - - N ARS / & GARDINER : sº tes easily recognized by signs. Leave clean grounds for the next camper. $2. o NORTH ENTRANCE - TATION 4. R. R. Sta. P. 0. Express Hotels Stores Garages |lati ſº FY-- shelt ^ = --- reek º Cookb-– N - EHE Sportsmin, # Gasoline Oils // sūFää \\ cafeteria Sibre laundry Bath House Cabin ~c - / 45° Lake "Nº 11,155 s: T OFFICE - ~ *pºſs Cabins Picture Shop] MonTANA ſ wº \ 45- oo: - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - Yellowstone Park P. O.H.) HAYNEs Picture ^-- ~~ WY N- oo | Informativn Office U---SMAMMOTHTHOTEL sHoP 9, \s. –––. OMING * $ – ri-T- ~ w • ‘N. G Q Museum - N \ . MAMMOTHTN3 –--- <> ~\: ./ Medical Service Mammoth Hot Springs Lodge || --> T S}< *SS) 2^ to M. Qo z i- - N - * --- ~ S& \\ ugh 2* 31. IS RANG ~ * *v a ~ CAVERAVY's *…~&eisen ek § st ATION M Goldenv / Iſvº \ } Junction er # 5,800 o w T ( ,800 § Gateyº Mammoth Hot *s ar. *: NS, Butte S Cabin C. - - a l RANGER Q- -- sen Pºpº g k-triſ, Kø L– * §: ! 8,500 § Petrifie TJ > st ATIon § & § I \ akeli, LODGE -y Buffalo Ranch O ----|--|| C T&e Fall Y S > º &B * n § G sº \ -----sº w Folson Pk. - ~ zº JN - - SEVENM > s ...; ſó2 Foo/Dro \ *s Soda A. Cache Mt X---- griposa o $ #"Tºº L^ 20 STM Butte (v go MM - * ~ "...ſ -ke". - \ Jº § >3. / § n -Wy Gº? Z < \ A. ºy % / N --~~~ Road dº - - - ſ f\ § AO 9,400 & E & The Neebles ſ oadside tº Apollinaris Spring | V. v Amethyst a N 'N Closed 900 h - ſ - w \ 9,6OO O - ... Mt. Hºlºnes ź. \ \ . $/ / \ *2 sº Mtn. , Y--> - `--- # 2 White º 10,3OO /, :/oesian cut | § *A / } És \_2^ Nºwahb HIS 9,800 ºr - wº V \ iRS ...” I SN Springs imber ZIO *S Grizzly #ake -- . Lake of the Woods l s }. I º Tir _-T º § FREE AUTo 1 / # •, l \ % £10317 ** º \ Indian Peak CŞ. CAMP GROUND Tº c. N. N w - I Shelter | § # Roaring Mtn. º | Dunrºſesg’ Mt. FREE AUTo ^o \ Shelter Cabin - # 1O,929 ~ lſ WESTTYELLOWSTONE Cabin s! O N7,575 NACascade §§§ury camp GRoundso º 2× / ) 7. $/ s west ENTRANCE | (Twin i - canyºn Horël-NLake §§º - Store Picture Shop Nº. ~ */ºrs zº §/ FREE AUTo cam P GROUNDs l ŽſWºem Garage 2 NTS/3% Delicatessen Garage r Ky w **Cº--& - $/ & R. R. Sta| P. O. Express \ NORRIS A. /* j." 2 Housekeeping Cabins * M *S---sºº. Hoodoo Pk. ' Hotels | Stores Garages j GEYSER Orris - z- Gasoline 0ils \ 7 J. To soo | __---~~~ T---' BASI Virgi **** C rtist Point CANYON LODGE C. \ssdale Mtn. *::::::::: \ I 2^ M 22 C ſº - --Yellowstone Falls \1oooos _-N - ascades - 2 ~~ --- O I / 3 | CHITTENDEN BRIDGETFTs, ITNETERTEGET \ # --~~ 3& Black Mtn. Ash Tony WIF Pºy spring|M||FREE AUT3 ºr GRºNPs ‘A rººge \ shelter _^ #º ~ / } P. 0. Store Picture Shop Cafeteria - \ cAMP GROUNDS Cabin _` Pollux Pk §:19,609 ** - % e Tz=- ( Housekeeping Cabins Gasoline Oils .* * 1 *- P, 0, Store Cafeteria \ | --kastor PK. 3%. 11,08 #5 ºn ,-T -- ãdisoni V. | Żołę º Picture Shop -\r Pelican cone | `SS iº - f ------" - > / * Housekeeping Cabins $ Nº. 9,50 / w # - | - sys Gi ºr //c \ z. ping & > * ,-- I ~ z Q …” ibbon Falls lu s \ - Bath House Garage G 7 …” --~~ z A ~ est N ,” 80 Foot Drop A- //S % M N 4 22.8 \ / "ß, tn. A/ *Hºº \ - < >2 ~ -1. - L1 º Z ~ - 11, & Z - * irºn ";" |\, ºf Wºº *... ;-º ºl, /ăgº - 2% ſ L/ º # N. O GER .* - lº. - FTSETNGTERIDGET \ –- z' 2 / --- 2~ -z--~~ STATION `--- Firehole N. sTATION _Mary Lake--ſ / } fºr sºul Y ſ 2-2^ -> 2. w 2-1- S 7, n ~~6 --- *-ºſe § \ 29 º º º *::::::::: Pk. A 2'- 11,977 w- \-- ^- | KG & N. - …” - - - Sunlight Peak & -- Neºsº ; ºf 1. - gºz' º }~ whº w- WE'Rain Y - A M P G ROUNDS ~~~ 42 ,6O - # > .MLO ul P. O. Store G > --> & wº Cathedral Peak Q *GEYSE Fountain Paint Pot 9| Gºne "oils |E}KE HQTF- āś-Z’ \Turbid Lake §o _--- ºr T \ I <> o BASIN X- - Fish Hatchery 27 w w ar Cr & _---T - & I Q --- d - z *Firehole Lak - - Garage / A Bear ºr Mt. chittenden FAHAsKATEFEET)/Gº 42 00 (***-- - - - - ( or-1 renole Lake f -- useum|T x V-" 1O,OOO Monument Mtn. ~ O G Y Impe Natural Bridge – = NT | T---- * * Hotel Store Garage # sº 11,000 1. RANGER ~2^ - e - ~~ %; 11,200 # - * § V SGeyser & Zr evenson . / S. * sº * Sylvan-i- - autº- Mtn. : 3AJNA ºl-firehºuBEER eosTINRNA r’ | * º - sº sº" & / 44- 3 o' `- 7 --- - . 3O’ % NH--- “Tºgeºsgrº ... Nº A Jº */[[Wy o 3–sºo i --— - ...! M. \ -24- |||||r (Cz g-s \\? º Ap 5.3 M T I ſol D FATTH FULinn **22 & /ſlſº Lío O AkE|f Nº. 9,702 # ov Cº- Sºosz, - O Cody– - 29 / --Grizzly Pk: S. ~7OAZ --- Garage Kepler ~3> A Ø-" / & ~ Cascade"T- -- *N / ºsº @oº CN AL TITUDE OF LAKE 7.73 ^- - . . \ 2^ In Cascade J. - | º, MAXIMUM DEPTH 300' cody of EAs.T 2O Summit Lake ...,’ | \\ -“Last Laº; NSNV w" SHORE LINE / OO MILES ºrs ANCE |& - __IIIl-kyº.3% I5he Star Geyser , es' rank 1:{{\{\ |w A TER surface APPROx. *Regulatiºn PK *Yºss ſ ------ oLD FAlth Fu LIN - \ \! N sº efº-, 139 SQ. MILES OR 88.960A. 10,00 LODGE Double Mtn. | \ LODGE 2\ \,. Thumb | Cabinº ºs- Eš Mt.Langford FREE AUTO / 1 1,715 ºf N old FAITH FUL|/|\\ - º º ~ w - o cAMP G Rounds $10 4OO I º FREE AUTO N / MUSEUM $º ~~ -- 10,600 RANGER station - I CAMP GROUNDS SHOSHONE º \ N --~~ ſº BRIMSTONE coºl.". P. O. St - - Nº o Atki < n sº / L1-1---1 ºr. | º - º El H.N. A. F N BASIN §y lº § # r | El. 7,981 FREE AUTO o -C . . Bath House 2-º- | Nº cAMP GROUNDS ſº- CŞ $ helter Cabin \ ,- - Mt. Schurz ---- - Qafeteria Garage \ Q- * * * 5. s." *-* \ N. …” V. Cafeteria Store /~ \ ſo § 10,900 #Eaglenest || Buffle Lake e Shop \ Housekeeping|Cabins. veſ 2. ºr- 11,300 Šºš Fortress Mtn. - s / ~~~ S-3e” Mt. Humphre º, Eagle Pk. 12,073 } w // Fork --~~ Shelter 11,00 10,800 I \? - ſ' …" N HEART SSabin sº, |-> - a …" …’ \ LAKE Sºft Table Mt \; ſ se' 26regº v |GEYSER BAs N V. ~. sº 10,80 ls - &z *†JO ep/EAR's J \ cº; *** #sº Mtn. º MTNs. º \ ,500 11,900 \ PITCHSTONE FLATEAU evis Fall -. jº 2. º à," - s ~ / \ Ouzel e § Mt. Sh (4., \ " º §overlºº Mtn. & º, o | \ j} iº 's 10,385 \ # 9,400 fi' *\\ & ! o |,” ſ/ j } —— v Mountain Z F \ } / $ I ſ *~ § - || || 3. RANGER ,--> N z ! .A ^4, l - STATION V/~SV / N i >0 || | % •o \ +&o Ocean Pass O N \ ,3OO #N | I N - Cr / ºcco \ r--N \ sº Yellow Mtn. ... sºur” – ITNT— `, \ \ M N \ \ #º - - WIF * - - \ `- | 2 TN º 4.4° oo --~f~~ { - --~2 SN L º: y VTºv T--" \ - oo: —ºr T the |^\ | 27- ºo: …! ake 2 ~f~ gº Pk. ( \*3 % NV T --~ Z ~ \- ſ /12,165 __* \\} - \s, * 23. / | …' - \ \p. N / º .” // \, R. 3\\ 2^ V Cr. \ ZºS z' \ 2– \ |\ ~~~N- oł - \|\Q. S 2% ****. } w G 3º - - & - sy. I tº r. \ Rºgº. Mtn.) / *egº, Nºtn. # l Soda º – § waſ Mtn \\ 100 sºft / L' - | T-- ) 11,498 \ Q - ,- w" - 10,435 *Buffalo \ ( C) Bear Cub - - -º-Crescent Mtn. z P w / _#"º, O- \ º- Ragged top Mtn. it IX vº- | 11,848 --- <|O \ - ~~ º O Breccia Pk. ~~-l. …” ~ - 11,007 # | \T-J snoº Pass I | 9,730 I C Togwotee / | º ^ee4. Pass º º _-T ~~ (ſh Brooks L. * * `s ,” L E G E N Dºs º ºs Pilot Yº N > \ Knob - 36 -- - \, 9.700 SS Automobile **{ O.O miles n Yellowstone \ S- 12.2 miles in Grand Teto | Lºyº tºn/ Pe T^---- Trails 898.0 miles in Yellowstone t 10,400 L 50.0 miles in Grand Teton () -º- Direction of travel. 676 g RIVER Distances given are by road. / *str - Cº Note the mile post signs. --SS- cº Scale of Miles /. Sheridan Pass ^ss / ;3 9 9. \; 19 15 A* 29 ,OOO s:#. A- w / 2- # -- - $ a *. 2% s * ſº--------- *c. 70 --> - S. % wn tº 3. N. ( Fish Lake Sheep Mtn. ºv \ * -** Lake Mtn. tº W. Gros Ventre Butte & - - - 10,065 # "... 11,190 # º … ºf sh M fº \?, # -> \ # . Gros ventre Butte • Burnt Mtn. N-9. / 7,300 _- º, º 9,879 \ I \ ~ſ Hotels—Camps-Stores 19 *. y 7 7 | - Hospital-Medical Service Ä & Q - '-r: Jackson Service Station § - | yºts \-Z 7 -—- -* 13Z M. TO ROck springs 11oºso' l 11 o'koo" / \ J//74.xza ENGRAved and PR in TED BY THE u.e., Gºoloolcal-sur-VEY GUI DE MAP OF YE L LOW S T 0 NE AND GRAND TE TO N N AT IONAL PARKS YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 39 CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) - (10.8 miles) On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junc- , tion), and then the road winds through timber-covered, rolling country to Virginia. Meadows, where there is a small camp site. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Virginia Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. GRAND CANYon If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade \ Road ro 10WER Falls via ºr washhūRs 0R BLIMBA/EALPA ºf 6Tºs-- -35 *-ºs- §%f Dºğ. As er. º tº- º § º", %;Höf Sprº. I -NSGlaci Qu - ^F Bould £º A Trail to Crystal Falls and Lower Falls FREFA - º \\ *; gifts %; A Stairs to Lower Fall NS3. Hºſºkºfiñº ºblºg Š/$33; - irs to lower Falls %; - Lookout Point. ^R040. Tº *% WORRIS {\ Grand View Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls (No bridge here) Trail to inspiration Pt. G Trail to Silver Cord Gascade Hºmuncle Tom's Trail . BAWGER &rArtſ, # º - % Lpperſfalls (109 ft.) ſº | B C D E. F Chittenden Bridge); Forest Spree; - ScALE OF MILES % O. ſ ROAD. To take AND BEAR Aſ FEEDtNg GROUNDS SKETCH MAP of GRAND canyon Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right, down the edge of the gulch to Crystal É. a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attractions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellow- stone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, affording here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls con- tinues to the right to Grand View Junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. 40 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. - But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the visitor. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacier Boulder, not by any means the only glacier boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the visitor. - - There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, and so forth, to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horse- back, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. - - CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER FALLS JUNCTION (T. J.) (20.4 miles) . In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excellence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven. Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. - At Dunraven Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy, winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views constantly unfurling as the visitor rises are unrivaled, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Wash- burn, altitude 10,317 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan. The former is too inaccessible to be climbed YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 41 readily, but there is a horse trail to the top of the latter where a fire lookout was constructed in 1930. Mountain sheep are often seen on the slopes of Mount Washburn. . . . . . . . Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude 6,597 feet) near Tower Falls. Also, housekeeping cabins are available. Owing to the congested condition of the road below, it is better to leave cars here, then go down the trail to Tower Falls, 132 feet high. An excellent view of the falls is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fencelike layers of basaltic rocks in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a won- derful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river’s edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. . - Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Wash- burn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon, and past Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roosevelt Lodge and several hun- !. yards distant is ToweR FALLs RANGER STATION; altitude 6,264 ... • ToweR FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Falls Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining com- munity of Cooke, Mont., beyond the boundaries of the park. SIDE TRIPs FROM ToweR FALLs JUNCTION AND RoosevelT LopgE Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prev- alence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. Lecture and guide service are also furnished at Tower Falls. The small parties and wide choice of trails are most thor- oughly enjoyed here. * , . - The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Junction and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. . . • * 42 e YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Petrifted Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast, six- tenths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. * . - . . . . . . . - “Yanceys.”—This is a beautiful place where a famous old char- acter, “Uncle " John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. . Buffalo Ranch—On the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to see. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. Specimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf imprints. Guide is necessary. - Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. Soda BUTTE RANGER STATION is located here. Soda Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportunities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the northeast corner of the park traverses its entire length. CooHE RANGER STATION is located on the northeast boundary. . . . . Cooke, Mont.—This is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies 4. miles beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reser- vation. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Indea, Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraordinary mountains that were used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. The only automobile road into Cooke is through the park. . . . . . . . . . . Grasshopper Glacier—Twelve miles beyond Cooke, and outside the park, is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. Arrangements for such trips can be made at the Shaw Hotel, Gardiner, Mont., just outside the north entrance. . . : Tower FALLs JUNCTION (T. J.) To MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs (M.S.) (17.6 miles) , r Thé first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrifted Tree, six-tenths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road climbs a hill 3 miles long, then traverses Crescent Gulch to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 43 At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just be- yond the bridge, leads to Yellowstone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Twelve and one-half miles from Tower Falls Junction there is a very fine abandoned beaver dam and house on the left of the road. . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . Just beyond, the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. . It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. . . . . . . . . . At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower, Falls Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from. Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mam- moth auto camp and housekeeping cabins are located just before. reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. . . .3 : ". . . . west Yellowsrºº THE westERN ENTRANCE (w. E) w. ... ." T . . . . . . . . MADison Junction (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. É.". and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for visitors entering and leaving via the west- ern entrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the con- fluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. " . . . . . . . . - « CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) TO LAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . JUNCTION. (L. J.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (78.5 miles) - Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Bur- lington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 53 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River. and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is 10 See p. 27. 44 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermopolis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. Leaving the Burlington station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnificent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general southeasterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot-spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new highway as it turns out of sight of the plains. The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through. tunnels in the granite walls. The minimum clearance width for these tunnels is 9 feet 4 inches and height 11 feet. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Government, found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Shoshone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest founda- tion to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 has repaid the initial investment many times. . . . . . . Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Sho- shone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scientists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the - Shoshone gorge. - - - At the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the Morth Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of sev- eral large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big- game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge Sentinels at the gates of the forest. . . . . . . . . . . Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of YELLOwston E.NATIONAL PARK 45 red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Ohimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephants Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole ſpine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann SOIUICe. . . . . • . - . . . . . . . . . * . . . ; * . . . . . . . . . . . . . p ust after crossing the North Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pa. haska Tepee is reached. This is an old, hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situ- ated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point... . . . . . . . . . . . • . Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle. Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. . . . . . . At the eastern entrance to the park are located the SYLVAN PAss RANGER STATION and SYLVAN PAss LODGE, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, about 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, about 7 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. . . . . . Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the second Sylvan Lake, a dainty, sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, surrounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 9% miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 3% miles farther. - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 19% miles from the eastern boundary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom, and along its shores. These springs, keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the southeast. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw. Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 25% miles from the eastern boundary of the park. This is LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.).” MoRAN, wro, via southern ENTRANCE (s. E. To Loop Road - . . . AT WEST THUMB (W. T.) . . . . . . - - - (50 miles) . . . . . - Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 27 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park, on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is oppo- site the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles west- 11 See p. 36 46 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ward across the lake. Accommodations are available at Teton Lodge and at Jackson Lake Lodge. . . This mountain group, the central feature of the Grand Teton Na- tional Park, is an imposing outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low elevations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from the north to south, Survey Peak, altitude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. . The level of Jackson Lake, from which these mountains rise, is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the Summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small laciers. They constitute, therefore, a supreme scenic climax to the ar different volcanic grandeur of the Yellowstone. . . . . . The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game preserves pro- tect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in cer- tain areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. - : . The water stored in Jackson Lake irrigates a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution system includes 713 miles of canals. º: power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 IOILeS. . - . . . . . . - - . . The SNAKE RIVER RANGER STATION, altitude 6,882 feet, is at the southern entrance of the park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for wº. native, Loch Leven, and lake trout in Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the visitor should look back at the Teton Mountains to the south. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheri- dan. It has an extensive hot-springs basin on its northwestern shore Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, TVELE,OWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 47 1% miles south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” - . . . . Tower falls Junction (r. J.) To BUFFAlo RANCH, soda BUTTE, AND cookE, MONT. . . . . . . Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junctions Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite boulders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Fälls Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier $ - & boulders lie piled in immense masses. " ' ". . . - - Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Falls Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is main- tained by the Government. During the summer they are in the high country and inaccessible to park visitors. Five miles beyond, the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot, spring or geyser cone, so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Falls Junction. From Soda. Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of mag- nificent mountain scenery. 'Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp' site being 10 miles beyond the butte." The Cooke Ranger Station is located on the northeast boundary (31"miles from Tower Falls Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke, Mont., is 4 miles farther. There is no automobile highway out of Cooke except through the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT, TO WESTERN - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ENTRANCE (W. E.) is ". º (98 miles) - - ; : Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. From Bozeman the road passes across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way. The Yellowstone Park, Transportation Co. operates automo- bile, stages daily, from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . £º Gallatin Gateway the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and, at a point, 78 miles from the western en- trance, enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley by * See p. 36. 48 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin Mational Forest. - For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 33 miles from the western entrance the road enters the north- west corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the Gallatin River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the Madison River is crossed and the road follows down Grayling Creek, a tributary of the Madison River. It leaves the park 12 miles from the western entrance and enters the Madison, Mational Forest. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 43. YELLowSTONE PARK TRAILs An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. . HowARD EATON TRAIL - - º Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction_. - - - 20 Norris Junction to Fountain 18 Fountain to Old Faithful- - + . . . 11 Old Faithful to West Thumb______ ". . . . - . . - 20 West Thumb to Lake 16 Lake to Canyon 16 Canyon to Tower Falls Junction 20 Canyon to Norris Junction * • ‘ . . 14 Tower Falls Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail 153 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “ loop * road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “ loop " highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route * Intersecting trail between east and west sides at these points. YELLOWSTONE - NATIONAL PARIC 49 or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: • SCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM WHICH THEY RADIATE, AND DISTANCES “ 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: Miles To Summit of Mount Everts and return_- 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return_------- 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return 14 To Gardiner, Mont., via old road, and return 10 To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak - - 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station-------------- 11 To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, and Bighorn Pass Trail 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail 15 2. From Old Faithful : TO Biscuit Basin 2. 5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehouse Trail———— 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail_------- 15 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail 16 To Lone Star Geyser 3. 5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake Outlet, Shoshone Trail - 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail-------- 5. To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone Tuake 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Take, on Sheridan Trail_______------ 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bechler Canyon 35 To Mallard Lake, Over Mallard Lake Trail, and return---------- 8 3. From Lake : - . To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction.-------- 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary__ 13 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, via Miller Creek 22 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake_-__-_ 7 4. From Canyon: To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail_--------- 25 To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom’s Trail from Canyon LOdge . 5. To Seven Mile Fishing Hole 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge 1 To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail 6 TO Summit Of Mount Washburn 9 To Sulphur Mountain 5 To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail______ 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail 4 To Silver Cord Cascade 4 TO Devils Ink Pot 4 5. From Tower Falls : - To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail____________ 25 To Specimen Ridge 7 *See saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 69 and 72; also Personally Conducted Camping Parties, p. 80. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARFC 5. From Tower Falls—Continued. From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain—— To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail___ To East Boundary, via Junction of Soda Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller Creek To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction--- To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction_____ . From Fountain : To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail________ To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail - From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail___________ 7. From West Thumb : To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail) To Heart Lake, by road and trail Heart Lake to Mount Sheridan To Lewis Lake To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail To Snake River From Norris : To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail From Soda Butte : To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction___________ From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary__ To East Boundary, via Miller Creek From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake______ To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain From Specimen Ridge to Tower Falls Junction To Cache Creek, via Amphitheater Creek 10. From Gardiner: To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail_ From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail________ From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail__ To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail - To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road 11. From Gallatin : To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass_ To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail________________ From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass Trail To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail- 12. From Riverside: TO Fountain. On Madison Plateau Trail From Fountain to Biscuit Basin on Little Firehole Trail______ From BiScuit Basin to Old Faithful - To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail__ 13. From Upper Yellowstone: - To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge TO Lake, On Upper Yellowstone Trail 6 8. 9. Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., 1887 to 1931, inclusive - [Compiled by W. T. Lathrop, meteorologist, United States Weather Bureau] - Length of January | February March April May June July August Seºn- October Nº.ºn | Pºem" | Annual record er er er Years Mean temperature (°F)-------- 45 17. 9 20.3 27.0 37. 1 45.6 54.0 61. 5 60. 1 51.0 40.6 29, 1 20.3 38.7 Mean Inaximum temperature °F)------------------------- 45 26.1 30. () 37. 1 48. 0 57.6 67.3 76.7 75. 6 64.8 52. 1 38.4 28.7 40.2 Mean minimum temperature - °F)------------------------- 45 9. 6 10. 6 17. 1 26. 2 33.8 40, 7 46.3 44. 7 37.2 28.9 19.9 12.4 27.3 Highest temperature (*F.) and date 45 49 51 62 77 89 92 96 93 88 82 68 49 96 Lowest temperature (°F.) and 1888 1921 1910 1890 1887 1900 1901 1900 1887 1893 1887 1931 July, 1901. date 45 —41 –36 —25 –3 15 20 30 23 0 –20 –27 –34 –41 Average number of days with minimum temperature zero 1888 1905 1920 1920 1899 1901 1901 1910 1895 1887 1896 1923 Jan., 1888. or below--------------------- 28 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 1. Average precipitation (inches)-- 45 1. 72 1. 35 1. 72 1.33 1.97 1.66 1.28 1, 17 1.23 1. 39 1.35 1.44 17. 61 Greatest precipitation in 24 - hours (inches) and date------ 45 1. 60 1. 30 1. 12 0.82 1. 55 1. 55 1.40 0.98 1.28 2. 34 0.90 1.05 2. 34 Average number of days with º 0.01 inch, or more, of precipi- 1895 1890 1888 1929 1921 1895 1902 1924 1927 1908 1893 1889 Oct., 1908. tation 45 13 11 12 10 13 12 10 9 8 9 10 12 129 Average Snowfall (inches) ------ 45 18. 3 13.9 15.9 8. 3 4. 7 0.8 0.1 T. 1.7 6.9 11.4 14.4 96.4 Greatest snowfall in 24 hours - - (inches) and date------------- 45 16.0 13. 1 11.2 9. 1 10.8 8.0 3. 8 T. 7.7 14.0 11.2 11.3 16.0 Average depth of snow on - - - ground at end of month 1895 1908 1888 1928 1921 1905 1921 1910 1919 1919 1930 192 Jan., 1895. (inches) 28 11. 5 11.8 4.9 0.3 T. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 3.4 7.9 |----------- Greatest depth of snow on - - ground (inches) and date----- 28 26.0 29. 6 35. 6 26, 2 10.8 6.2 2.3 T. 6.0 14.6 13.5 28.0 35. 6 Average hourly wind velocity 1911 1922 1917 1917 1921 1928 1921 1910 1919 1919 1930 1916 Mar., 1917. miles 28 8.8 8.2 8.6 8.0 7.8 7.4 6.8 6. 6 7.3 7. 1 7.8 7.9 7.7 Maximum wind velocity (miles per hour) and date----------- 28 42—S. 52-NW. 54–S. || 48–SW. 54–S. || 48–SW. 52—SW. 48-.S. 49–S. 46—NW. 44–SW. 42—S. 54–S. 1923 1923 1921 1922 1927 1929 1904 1912 1915 1916 1927 1927 May, 1927. Prevailing wind direction.------| 45 S. S. S. S. S. S SW. S. S. S. S. S. S. Sunshine (percentage of possi- ble) average------------------ 28 39 52 57 57 55 63 73 70 62 57 46 38 56 Average number of days clear, - partly cloudy, and cloudy: - eaſ----------------------- 28 5 6 6 6 5 7 12 12 10 10 7 6 95 Partly cloudy-------------- 28 9 10 12 12 13 15 14 14 11 10 10 8 139 oudy-------------------- 28 16 11 12 11 12 8 5 5 8 12 14 16 131 Mean relative humidity (per- centage of Saturation): 6 a.m.---------------------- 28 78 78 77 76 76 74 75 73 74 74 74 78 76 Noon (local mean time).---- 14 66 64 57 50 44 39 36 38 45 52 61 68 52 6 p.m.---------------------- 28 73 67 60 51 48 43 39 38 46 56 65 73 55 T., indicates trace. §: 52 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK TABLE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES |Based upon observations made by the Geºry of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 1ngton, D. C. - All given temperatures are at best only approximate, as they vary considerably from time to time. At º § water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5° C.; and at 8,000 feet at 5. ., 91. - Temperatures Name Centi- || Fahren- Remarks grade heit Boiling River------------------------- 48.5 119. 3 North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: Angel Terrace-------------------- 74. () 165.5 | Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace----------------- 68.0 154.4 Coloring due to algae. Hymen Terrace------------------ 73. 0 163.6 Irregular in activity. Jupiter Terrace------------------- 73. 0 163.6 Largest hot Spring terrace in the world. ound Terrace------------------- 71.0 159.8 || High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: Black Growler Steam Vent------- 140. 0 284.0 Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool---------------------- 92.0 197.6 | Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser------------------ 91. 0 || 195.8 || Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser--------------- - 93. 0 199.4 uddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon).--- 92.0 197.6 || Violently agitated spring. Lower Geyser Basin: . Clepsydra Geyser---------------- 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain raint Pot-------------- 93.5 200. 3 | Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser----------- 96.0 204.8 || Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser--------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Just before an eruption. P0--------------------------- 92, 0 197.6 || Just after an eruption. . - Sapphire Pool-------------------- 93.0 199.4 || Beautiful intermittently erupting pool. Upper Geyser Basin: Beach Spring--------------------- 89.3 192.7 | Notable geyserite formations. Beehive Geyser------------------- 95.0 203. 0 || Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring---------------- 93.5 200.3 A small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser------------------ 94.2 201.6 || Dangerous area. 4. Lion Geyser---------------------- 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser------------------- 94.8 202.64 | Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool-------------- 77.0 170. 6 One of the most famous pools. Sponge Geyser-------------------- - 95.0 203.0 | Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring----------------- 94. 0 201. 2 | Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring------------- 95.0 203.0 | Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool------------------ 93. 0 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser---------------------- 91. I 195, 98 || Infrequently erupts. Cornet Geyser-------------------- 94.8 2. Underground connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser--------------------- 94.0 200. I Just before eruption. Do---------------------------- 91. 0 195.8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool-------------------- 69. 3 156.74 || Most beautiful green pool. Punch Bowl Spring-------------- 94.5 A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: ragons Mouth------------------ 75. 0 167.0 Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano--------------------- 84. 0 183.2 Violently boiling mud. PROMIN ENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN Average height of eruption A Heat of Water Name Remarks Feei o P. 15–35 188.1 5 to 15 Seconds - Beautiful ruddy Sér. New Crater Gey- YELLOWSTONE 53 NATIONAL PARIK PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE–Con. LOWER GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) Average - Average inter- Name height of Avºion Val between Remarks º eruption eruptlo eruptions Feet o F. Black Warrior Near Steady Geyser---------|-------- Springs. Clepsydra Geyser-- 10–40 | Few Seconds - - - - 3 minutes - - - ---- Named for water clock------ 197.6 Pºliº Geyser | 200–300 About 9% hour---| Irregular-------- Ceased playing in 1890------ 193.3 raller. Fountain Geyser-- 75 || 10 minutes_ _. do Seldom in eruption----------|-------- Fººtain Paint Basin of boiling clay--------| 200.3 Ot. Firehole Lake Underwater “flames” -------|-------- Grand Prismatic Size about 200 by 400 feet; 149.8 Spring. remarkable coloring. Great Fountain 75-150 45 to 60 minutes.| 8 to 12 hours- - - - || Spouts 4 or 5 times during 1 204.8 Geyser. - eruption. Imperial Geyser---| 100–125 || 4 to 5 hours----- 12 to 15 hours----! Now inactive---------------|-------- Steady Geyser----- 20–40 Steady None Plays continuously----------|-------- Turquoise Pool About 100 feet in diameter--|-------- White Dome------ 30 3 to 8 minutes---| 30 to 60 minutes-| Unique cone----------------|-------- UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITH FUL 50 200 10 to 15 6 to 8 hours- GEYSER BASIN) a Oriće. In 170. 6 20–40 || 7 About once a day 201.8 120–170 || 4 Usual interval 65 200. 1 UI Il (3 Crested Spring near 202. 1 Spring. Riverside 80–100 || 15 regular; plays over the 201. 2 Sapphire 6–15 || 3 - 199.4 Sawmill 20–35 | 1 to 192.1 Splendid 200 10 200. 48 1 hours. FISHING IN THE YELLOWSTONE PARK To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become edu- cated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses 54 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. #ing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon Junction. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake and Fishing Bridge. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. No fishing license required. The native fishes .# the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Gov- ernment in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yel- lowstone National Park at the Information. Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. wild ANIMALs Bears are seen daily in summer at bear-feeding grounds near hotels, lodges, and camps, and occasionally along the roads, and espe- cially in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occasion- ally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep sometimes are seen on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this purpose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may nearly always be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge and near the North Entrance. Beavers may be seen at work along the * Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt odge. In winter, elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens,” or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous treeS. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta).--Sometimes known as jack pine. The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timber line; probably three- fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 55 are distinguished from other evergreen trees by having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. . Limber pine (Pinus fleasilis).-In the West often known as white pine. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, golden brown and opening when mature; bark dark brown, rough. . White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis).-Found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; comes 1 to 3 inches long, brown- purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark thin, whit- ish, scaly. Medium-size tree except on adverse slopes. Firs.-The firs have flat, blunt-tipped or notched leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree, and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa),—Common about timber line and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched; those of the lower branches appearing 2-ranked because of the twisted petioles. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. - Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata).--Sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat and soft; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, 3-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by the protruding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other evergreen trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. Spruces.—These look much like the firs, but they have rigid sharp- pointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and thin, scaly, dark bark. The cones are borne near the top of the tree, and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe. Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmann??).—The most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle alti- tudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. Rocky Mountain juniper or cedar (Juniperus scopulorum).-Com- mon at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resem- bling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scale- like, attached by 2's or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berrylike; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. The creeping juniper (Juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub, however, and has awllike leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen, (Populus tremuloides).--Sometimes known as quaking as- pen or quaking asp. The only common broadleaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. - 56 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Narrowled; cottonwood (Populus angustifolia),—Occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small Seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” - . . . Water birch (Betula frontinalis).-Usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams. Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in cat- kins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - ... . . . . RULES AND REGULATIONS [Approved January 23, 1932, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed b the Secretary of the Interior] GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Re- vised Statutes, the acts of Congress approved March 1, 1872 (17 Stat. 32), May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), March 1, 1929 (45 Stat. 1435), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), and March 7, 1928 (45 Stat. 200–235), and shall supersede all pre- vious rules and regulations for this park heretofore promulgated, which are hereby rescinded. * > . . . - - 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—The destruc- tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or of the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited: Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quan- tities, when in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked, permit must be secured from this officer. It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscriptions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geysers or hot springs formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. 2. Camping.—In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for visitors touring the park, and no camping is permitted outside the specially desig- nated sites. These camps have been used during the past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. The following regulations, therefore, will be strictly enforced for the YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 57 protection of the health and comfort of visitors who come in the park. (a) Keep the camp grounds clean. Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose. At new or unfrequented camps, garbage shall be burned or buried. (b) There is plenty of pure water; be sure you get it. There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site and the water in the streams and creeks adjacent is not safe to drink. The water Supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, how- ever, the water supply is not piped to grounds, consult rangers for sources to use. Tourists out on hiking parties must not contaminate watersheds of water supplies. (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking uten- sils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park. Bathing in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park is not permitted without suitable bathing clothes. (d), Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering or polluting any of the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient distance from the camp grounds in order not to litter the ground and make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites. (e) Campers may use only dead or fallen timber for fuel. (f) Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near a road. - 3. Fires.—Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park. They shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area considerably larger than that required for the fire. Fires small be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and beds Smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibility of reignition. - . - - Permission to burn on any clean-up operation within the park must be first secured from the Superintendent’s office, and in such cases as is deemed advisable such burning will be under Govern- ment Supervision. All costs of suppression and damage caused by reason of loss of control of such burning operations shall be paid by the person or persons to whom such permit has been granted. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted cigar or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. - Smoking or the building of fires on any lands within the park may be prohibited by the Superintendent when, in his judgment, the hazard makes such action necessary. - The use of fireworks or firecrackers in the park is prohibited except with the written permission of the superintendent. 4. Hunting.—The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and all hunting, or the killing, wounding, frightening, or capturing at any time of any wild bird or animal, except dangerous animals 58 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying human lives or inflicting personal injury, is prohibited within the limits of the park. Molesting, teasing, or touching the bears is prohibited. Persons feeding bears do so at their own risk and peril. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation of every nature or description used by any person or persons engaged in hunting, killing, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals within the limits of the park shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park Service. Possession within said park of the dead bodies or any part thereof of any wild bird or animals shall be prima facie evidence that the person or persons having the same are guilty of violating this regulation. During the hunting season, arrangements may be made at entrance stations to identify the transport through the park, carcasses of birds or animals killed outside of the park. - Firearms are prohibited within the park except upon written per- mission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond, shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, seines, nets, or explosives in their pos- session to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain his written permission to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibility for the loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, or other property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept the responsi- bility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. NOTE.-The foregoing regulation is in effect a declaration of the law on, this subject contained in section 4 of the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (38 Stat. 73), entitled: “An act to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park, and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes.” 5. Fishing.—Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclusively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. All fish retained shall be killed immediately upon being removed from the hook. Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, except in certain waters where the limit may be decreased or increased as indicated by posted notices. The possession of more than two days' catch by a person at any one time shall be construed as a violation of this regulation. The use of live minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. 6. Private operations.—No person, firm, or corporation shall re- side permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the Na- tional Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such per- mission may be addressed to the director through the superintendent of the park. . • YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 59 7. Cameras.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures or sound pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or special equipment, or involving the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the super- intendent of the park. 8. Gambling.—Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 9. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed in the park, excepting such as the park superin- * deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the pupilc. 10. Mining claims.-The location of mining claims is prohibited on lands within the park. 11. Private lands.-Owners of private lands within the park lim- its are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the boun- daries of such lands, however, shall be determined, and marked and defined, so that they may be readily distinguished from the park lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by their live- stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed will be pun- ished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken over the park lands to private lands with the written permission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such permission and su- pervision are not required when access to such private lands is had gº over roads or lands not owned or controlled by the United tates. - 12. Grazing.—The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where au- thority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live- stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. 13. Authorized operators.--All persons, firms, or corporations holding franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con- dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge, with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and number corresponding there with, or the identification mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight. 14. Dogs and cats.—Dogs and cats are prohibited on the Govern- ment lands in the park except that upon written permission of the superintendent, secured upon entrance, they may be transported over through roads by persons passing directly through the park provided they are kept under leash, crated, or otherwise under re- strictive control of the owner at all times while in the park: Pro- wided, however, That employees and others may be authorized by the 60 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK superintendent to keep dogs in the park administrative area, or areas, on condition that they are kept within the confines of these areas, and subject to such further conditions in the interest of good park ad- ministration as may be determined by the superintendent. 15. Dead animals.--All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park, at any tourist camp, or along any of the public thorough- fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. Travel on trails.--Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack animals are passing, shall remain quiet until the animals have passed. Persons traveling on the trails of the park, either on foot or on saddle horses, shall not take short cuts, but shall confine themselves to the main trails. - Any and all roads and trails in the park may be closed to public use by order of the superintendent when, in his judgment, such ac- tion is necessary to protect the park. t - 17. Travel—General. (a), Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse- drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles shall take the outer edge of the road when meeting or passing ve- hicles of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals. (c) Load and weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by the superintendent of the park and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at ranger stations at the park entrances. (d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light must be carried on the left front side of all horse- drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. 18. Miscellaneous.-No pack-train or saddle-horse party shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a guide. Guides may be required to pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner sat- isfactory to the superintendent. At the discretion of the superin- tendent, guides may be permitted to carry unsealed firearms. 19. Fines md penalties.—Persons who render themselves obnox- ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, and/or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. NOTE.-All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., rendered in the park should be made to the superintendent, in writ- ing, before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 61 Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the Govern- ment headquarters or at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by the owners within 60 days, articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR CYCLE REGULATIONS 1. Automobiles.—The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern- ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in con- travention of the provisions of this regulation shall be deemed guilty of its violation. 2. Motor trucks and busses.—Motor trucks and busses are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles, except the superintendent will establish limits of size and tonnage capacity which may vary according to the different roads and bridges. Commercial truck trailers engaged in hauling freight will be re- quired to secure permission from the superintendent before using the park roads. 3. Motor cycles.—Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, so far as they are applicable. - 4. Permits.--No motor vehicle may be operated in the park with- out a Yellowstone National Park permit. The owner or driver of each motor-driven vehicle entering the park shall secure this permit at the entering ranger station. This permit authorizes the operation .# the vehicle therein de- scribed over the roads in the park throughout the current calendar year. The permit is issued to the vehicle described therein and not to the owner or driver. This permit should be carried in the car and exhibited to park rangers on request. 5. Fees.—Fees for automobile and motor-cycle permits are $3 and $1, respectively. - 6. Entrances—Direction.—During the season automobiles and mo- tor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a. m. and 9.30 p. m. by any of the entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The Superintendent may, in his discretion, keep any or all the gate- ways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. Automobiles shall pass around the road system forming the “loop " in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock, as indicated by the arrows printed in black on the automobile guide map. The reverse direction may be taken as follows: Norris Junction (N. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.), any time, day or night. Madison Junction (M. J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), any time, day or night. Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful—O. F.) to Western Entrance (W. E.), any time, day or night. 62 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Lake Junction (L. J.), any time, day or night. +. Falls to Canyon Junction (C. J.), any time, day or night. Canyon Junction & J.) to Norris Junction (N. J.), direct, any time, day or night. Lake Junction (L. J.) to West Thumb (W. T.) and South En- trance (S. E.) (but not Old Faithful—O. F.), any time, day or night. tºyon to summit of Mount Washburn (Mt. W.) down north side to junction of Dunraven Pass Road, thence to Canyon Junction (C. J.), any time, day or night. The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. 7. Speed.—Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid acci- dents. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. § straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 35 miles per hour. Ambulances and Government cars on emergency trips are the only exceptions to this rule. The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 25 miles per hour on all park roads. - 8. Distance apart.—Automobiles while in motion shall be kept a reasonable distance apart, except for the purpose of passing, which is permissible only on comparatively level stretches of road or on slight grades. - 9. Teams.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway, regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary, so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 10 miles per hour. 10. Overtaking vehicles.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the over- taking vehicle does not exceed the speed limits specifted for the park highways. - - When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. 11. Muffler cut-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be closed at all times within the park boundaries. 12. Accidents—Stop-overs.-If, because of accident or stop for any reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be immedi- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 63 ately parked off the road, or where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. The driver of any motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the superin- tendent of the park. . 13. Lights.--All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 14. Intoaxication.—No person who is under the influence of in- toxicating liquor and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic drugs shall operate or drive a motor-driven vehicle of any kind on the park roads. 15. Horns.—The horns shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. 16. Fines and penalties.—Any person who violates any of the fore- going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not ex- ceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, and/or may be punished by revocation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offender without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. 17. Paragraphs 1, 4, 5, and 6 of these regulations do not apply to º traffic on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. MAPS Topographic maps of the park and adjacent areas may be pur- chased from the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated below, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by cash or money order. Map of Yellowstone National Park, size 38% by 39% inches; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 25 cents.” The roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams and lakes in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. The areas north, east, and south of the park are mapped on the atlas sheets of the Geological Survey listed below. These maps should be ordered by the names of the atlas sheets. They are printed in the same colors as the large map of the park described above. Area north of park: Livingston sheet; scale, 4 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents. Area east Of park: Crandall and Ishawooa sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. Area South of park: Mount Leidy and Grand Teton sheets; scale, 2 miles to the inch. Price, 10 cents each. * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot jº or at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but these offices can not fill mail OfCleI’S. 64 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the Government information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful or Fishing Bridge Museums: Motorists’ Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, superintendent’s office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper. Map of National Parks and Monuments. - - - - Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to these reservations. Glimpses of our National Parks. 66 pages, including illustrations. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superin- tendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash : National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. Sixth edition. 274 pages, including 312 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.” Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. - Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendel- sohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. , ºrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point OI W16 W. - - - Reprint No. 1019 from Public Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illustrations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the YellowStone National Park. Geysers of Yellowstone National Park, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustrations, 10 cents.” - In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illustrations, 10 cents.” - This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904.) 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. * May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot §s or at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but these offices can not fill mail Order S. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 65 Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bul- letin 611, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1.” - This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from St. Paul to Seattle and along the branch line to Yellowstone Park. Guidebook of the Western United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, $1.” - A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but with the natural resources, history, and development of the country between Omaha. and San Francisco. REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. “Oh, Ranger l’” A book about the Na- tional Parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, illustrated. Price, $2.50. - -. ALTER J. CECIL. James Bridger. - A biography. Price $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. BAILEY, WEIRNoN. Animal Life of Yellowstone Park. 241 pages, 1930, Chas. .C. Thomas, Springfield, Ill. Price, $4. BARNES, O. P. Fly Fishing in Wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illus- trated. - - BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future, on pp. 389–406. BURRoughs, John. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illus- trated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. ... i '• * - - CHANEY, JACK. Foolish Questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth edition, 1929. 94 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents. . -- - - CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. 350 pp., illustrated, revised. Price, $2.50. DUNRAVEN, EARL OF. The Great Divide : Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. EwARTs, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. w - The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York. FARIs, JoBN T. Roaming the Rockies. Farrar & Rinehart. 333 pp., illustrated, 1930. Yellowstone on pp. 3 to 38. FARQUHAR, FRANCIS P. Reading Up on the Yellowstone. Free pamphlet pub- lished and distributed by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. FoRDycE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - - FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Mead & Co. HAwkINs, P. H. The Trees and Shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by the Collegiate Press, George Banta Pub- lishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents, postpaid. HAYNES, JACK E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., each year. 192 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents and $1.25. 15 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but these offices can not fill mail Orders. - - 66 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HENRIEsson, FBITZ. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. NorStedt and Söner. Yellowstone on pp. 230–252. HoDMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - Hough, EMERSoN. Maw's Vacation in the Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Third edition, 1929. 70 pp., illustrated. Price, 50 cents. JACKSON, WM. H., and How ARD R. DRIGGS. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. Yellowstone in chapters 7, 8, and 19. JEFFERs, LE Rox. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Pub- lished by Dodd, Meade & Co., New York. Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925, 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht. Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. KELLEY, EDGEMOND, and CHICK. Three Scout Naturalists in the National Parks. Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1931. $1.75. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. - ISSued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. LANGFORD, NATHANIEL P. Discovery of the Yellowstone, 1870. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., 1905, reprinted 1923, 188 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents and $1.50. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park. LEwis, SINCLAIR. Free Air. - Story of a motor tour across Northern States, including trip through Yellow- stone park. MILLS, ENos A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton- Mifflin Co. 1917. Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. - The Grizzly. 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, JoBN. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37–75. MURPHY, THOMAs D. Three Wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. QUINN, VERNON. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. Yellowstone on pp. 215–229. Rolf'E, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. Yellowstone on pp. 243–297. - - RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650–684. SCHAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134–160. SENN, NICHOLAs. Our National Recreation Parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17–92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. SETON, ERNEST THOMPSON. Life Histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Two Quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 67 SETON, ERNEST THoMPson. Wild Animals at Home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vols., with sketches and photographs. - In this Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in study- ing wild animals, especially in the Yellowstone Park. The Biography of a Grizzly. 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., N. Y. - SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price, $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. Bears of the Yellowstone. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1925. 151 pp., illustrated. Price, $2.50. The American Antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price, 30 cents. The Story of the Whitebar Elk. 1923. Price, 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a Hundred Bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. Published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons. - STODDARD, JoBN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park, 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207–304. STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen Thousand Miles by Stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. THONE, FRANK E. A. Trees and Flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Second edition, 1929. 92 pp., illustrated. Price, 60 cents. Toyſ LINsoN, EvKRETT TITsworth. Four boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a description of the geology. Out of print. VINTON, STALLo, John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An ac- count of his 1807 explorations. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. WARREN, EDwARD R. The Beaver. No. 2. 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October, 1926. WILBUR, RAY LYMAN, and DU PUY, WILLIAM ATHERTON. Conservation in the Department of the Interior. National parks, pp. 96–112. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D. C., 1931. Price, $1. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WRIGHT, WILLIAM. H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illus- trated. - The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. YARD, RoRERT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 63–86. The Book of National Parks. Scribner’s. 1926. 444 pp., 74 illustra- tions, 14 maps and diagrams. Yellowstone on pp. 202—228. YEAGER, DORR. G. Our Wildnerness Neighbors. McClurg, Chicago, 1931. 160 pp., illustrated. $1.25. - 68 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Circulars of general information similar to this regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writ- ing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: Acadia National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. ParkS. Hawaii National Park. Wind Cave National Park. Hot Springs National Park. Yosemite National Park. Lassen Volcanic National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks. Mesa Verde National Park. NATIONAL MONUMENTS Glimpses of Our National Monuments, a pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Depart- ment of the Interior, is also available for free distribution. This contains 74 pages, including 33 illustrations. AUTHORIZED RATES Fº PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASON 1932 All the rates of the authorized public utilities for services within the park are approved by the Government. Employees of the hotels, camps, and transportation lines are not Government employees. The National Park Service has no direct supervision over the rates or the service given outside the park; rates are furnished for the information of the public. YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. *- - RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK HoTEL Co. IBIOTEL IRATES 4%-day tours: 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), American plan On standard tour of Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellow- stone Park Transportation Co. $29.00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are furnished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rôoms will be charged for meals served between the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All rates at the hotels are based upon the American-plan operation. The 4%-day tour is planned primarily for those who have but a limited time at their disposal and represents the minimum time required to see the park. Visitors are urged to prolong their stay to give time for recreation, fishing, horse-back riding, and side trips to scenic regions off the main roads. No extra charge for transportation for the park tour is involved when guests decide to prolong their stay at any hotel. YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 69 Board and lodging, American plan, regular accommodations (not including private bath), per day: 1 person in room 2 or more persons in 1 room, per person American-plan hotel rates per day, per person, providing for room with private bath, are: 1 person in a room, $10 to $11, according to location. 2 persons in 1 room, $9 to $10 each, according to location. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, corner suite, $10 each perSOn. 3 persons in 2 rooms with bath between, inside suite, $9 each perSOn. 3 persons in 1 room with private bath, $8.50 and $9 per day, per perSon, according to location. 4 persons in 2 rooms, with bath between, $8.50 to $9 each according to location. Meals or lodging (room without bath), part of a day: LOdging, 1 person in room Lodging, 2 or more persons in 1 room, each Breakfast Lunch Dinner Meals served in rooms, extra, each (Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates.) BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Shave Neck Shave Hair cutting (men) Women’s hair cut, boy style Straight bob Shingle, back only All other hair cuts for women Shampoo (men), plain Women’s shampoo (plain bobbed hair) Women’s shampoo (long hair) Rinses Head massage Scalp treatment Face massage (men) Face massage (men), with vibrator Standard tonic Face massage (Women) Clay pack Manicure Women’s marcel ROund Curl Finger wave Water Wave Women's hairdressing, plain. Women's hairdressing, fancy Bath Shoe polish GUIDES, HORSES, AND SPECIAL TRIPS (Saddle animals are not rented to park visitors without a guide) Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from (rates do not include guide service): all hotels Per full day, 8 hours Per half day, 4 hours $3.50 2. 50 Per hour . 75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: Per day of 8 hours Per half day of 4 hours Per hour 70 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: Canyon Hotel— To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles) $2.50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles) 3.00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles) ----------------- 3.00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles) –––––––––––––––––– 3. 00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles) –––––– ------------- 4, 00 To Devil's Ink Well and return (8 miles) 4. 00 Old Faithful Inn— - To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles) -------------------- 2. 50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) 3.00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) 4. 00 Mammoth Hotel— To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) –––––––––––– 4. 00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) --------- 4. 00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) - 4. 00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) –––––– 2.50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) ------------------- 2. 00 Foot of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person - 8. 50 For 2 or more persons, each 6.00 NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEGRAMIS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates, either hotels or lodges. MeSSages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges On day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES Bell System long-distance service is available from or to all points in the United States and Canada, also points in Mexico, Cuba, England, Scotland, and Wales. - Bell System long distance is available at the following points within the park: Mammoth Telephone Office, Mammoth Hotel, Mammoth Lodge, Old Faithful Inn, Old Faithful Lodge, Lake Hotel, Lake Lodge, Canyon Hotel, Canyon Lodge, and West Yellowstone Post Office. - Standard Bell System rates between points in the park are as follows: Station-to-station day rates Canyon to Lake -- $0.10 Canyon to Mammoth - . 20 Canyon to Old Faithful . 25 Canyon to West Yellowstone . 30 Lake to Canyon - . 10 Lake to Mammoth . 30 Lake to Old Faithful . 20 Lake to West Yellowstone . 30 Mammoth to Canyon- - . 20 Mammoth to Lake . 30 Mammoth to Old Faithful . 35 Mammoth to West Yellowstone . 30 Old Faithful to Canyon . 25 Old Faithful to Lake . 20 Old Faithful to Mammoth . 35 Old Faithful to West Yellowstone . 15 West Yellowstone to Canyon . 30 West Yellow Stone to Lake . 30 West Yellow'Stone to Mammoth - . 30 West Yellowstone to Old Faithful . 15 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 71 YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS CO. The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern Entrance, and near Tower Falls. The address of the Lodge Com- pany is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPs Co. T.ODGE RATES 4%-day tours: - - - * 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transporta- tion Co - 20, 00 The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are fur- nished, refund will be made by the Lodge & Camps Co. However, guests registering for rooms Will be charged for meals served be- tween the time of registering and the time of checking out, regard- less of whether or not meals are actually eaten. All lodge rates are based upon the American-plan operation. Meals and lodging, American plan : Per day 4, 50 Breakfast 1.00 Tillnch 1. 00 Dinner 1. 00 Lodging and breakfast 2. 50 Meals served in guests' sleeping cabins, extra, each---------------- . 25 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) Service at Sylvan Pass Lodge: Breakfast 1. 00 Tillneh -- - . 1. 50 Dinner 1. O0 LOdging 1. 50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) EIOUSER.E.E.PING CABINS AND TENT'S IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Log and frame or canvas and frame cabin occupied by 1 perSon, per day- . 75 Log and frame or canvas and frame cabin occupied by 2 or more per- Sons, per day, per perSOn .50 (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) Tents or cabins are available, furnished with the following equipment: Single tent or cabin—1 double bedstead, 1 bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 table, 1 bench, 1 mirror. Double tent or cabin—1 double bedstead, 1 single bedstead, 1 double bed spring, 1 single bed spring, 1 stove, 1 washstand, 1 mirror, 1 table, 2 benches. Double tent or cabin–2 double bedsteads, 2 bed Springs, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benches, 2 mirrors. Persons not have all their own camp equipment may rent the follow- ing items: Standard-size mattress for 2 persons per day - . 25 Single-size mattress for 1 perSon per day . 25 Blanket, per day . 25 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, Set, per day------ . 40 Use of above set of linen, each additional day - . 25 Frying pan, stew pan, coffeepot, cup, plate, knife, fork, Spoon set, per day . . 25 Coffeepot, frying pan, stew pan, each article, per day--------------- . Of Knife, fork, and spoon, set per day . 05 Cup and plate, set, per day - ... 05 Teakettle, per day . 05 Lodging in fully equipped tent or cabin (cooking utensils not included) 1 person, per day - 1. 50 (Children under 8, half rate; children under 2. free.) 72 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), West Thumb, and Canyon automobile camps cafeteria service is avail- able. At Tower Falls automobile camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge automobile camp grounds at reasonable prices. BARBER SHOPS, BATHS, ETC. Sha We Neck shave Hair cutting (men) Women's hair cut, boy style Straight bob Shingle, back only All other hair cuts for women Shampoo (men), plain Women's shampoo (plain bobbed hair) Women's shampoo (long hair) Rinses Head §§2– Scalp treatmen Face massage (men) Face massage (men), with Vibrator Standard tonic ITace massage (women) Clay pack Manicure Women’s marcel Round Curl Finger wave Water Wave Women’s hair dressing, plain Women’s hair dressing, fancy Rath Swimming pool : Admission, suit, and towel - - - Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5 no charge) ------------ Shoe polish - - - - GUIDES AND SADDLE HORSES (rates do not include guide service) : Per full day, 8 hours - - - - Per half day, 4 hours Per hour " . - - - - (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) . - Special guides provided, if available, for individuals or parties on the following basis: - - Per guide, per day of 8 hours Per guide, per half day of 4 hours- Per guide, per hour Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges : - - Canyon Lodge— - - . . . To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles) ––––––––––––––– To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles) To Elk Park and return (9 miles) To Point Sublime and return (6 miles) –––––––––––––––––––– Mammoth Lodge— - - - - - To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles) ––––––––– To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles) ––––––– To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles) ---------- Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles) saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges , T ~ ºf §: i 00 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 7 3 Personally conducted Saddle-horse trips, etc.—Continued. Mammoth Lodge—Continued. - To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles) —- Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles) ----------------- To foot Of Electric Peak and return— - For 1 person For 2 or more persons, each Old Faithful Lodge— To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles) To LOne Star Geyser and return (7 miles)––––––––––––––––- To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles) –––––––––––––––––– - Roosevelt Lodge— To Garnet Hill and return (8 miles) To Specimen Ridge and return (14 miles) ––––––––––––––––– To Tower Falls and return (4 miles) To Lost Lake and return (4 miles) For fishing trips from all lodges, including saddle horse and mounted guide service (minimum 3 persons): Per person— All day, 8 hours Three-fourths day, 6 hours One-half day, 4 hours (For parties of less than 3 persons see rate above for special guides.- - All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for trip Of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camp- ing trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips % 10 days or more. Special arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. - $ ; 0. i ; ; Cost per day per person 1 person $27.00 2 persons 17. 00 3 perSOns 14.00 4 perSonS_ 13.00 5 persons 12.00 6 perSons 11.00 7 persons or more 10. 00 FISHING TACELE, Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net: . . First day - . 50 Each additional day . 25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. - TELEGRAMIS From or to all points in the United States at Western Union rates. Either hotels or lodgeS. Messages exchanged between offices in the park at the rate of 30 cents for 10 words or less and 2% cents for each additional word. This rate is used in computing charges on day letters and night letters. TELEPHONE MESSAGES (See Bell System long-distance telephone service, p. 70.) - ACCOMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON The hotels are open from June 20 to September 19 only. The lodges are open for standard service from June 20 to September 19, 74 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK but limited accommodations, of an informal character are avail- able from June 1 to the opening of the official season, and for a short time after its close. Housekeeping cabin accommodations will be available as soon after June 1 as practical and will remain open until September 25 or later. These accommodations will be of the same type as during the regular season. The cafeterias will be open at the same time, but will serve meals “table d'hôte ’’ instead of offering the regular cafe- teria service. Meals and informal accommodations for motorists can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gaso- line and groceries may be procured at approved prices. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted en- largements, lantern slides, moving pictures, Souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guidebooks; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. - SCHEDULE OF RATES OF THE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPHER Albums: De luxe 11 by 14 photo album $3.50 Souvenir book, 8 by 10, of 30 colored prints 1. 00 Treasures album, 8 by 10, 20 colored prints____________ - 1. 25 Masterpieces of Yellowstone National Park, 10 by 13, of 1 colored prints 2 Wonderland Domain of Bears, 9 by 12 album of 54 sepia Views . 35 Books: - Discovery of Yellowstone Park, 1870, Langford_____________ . 75 IDe luxe 1. 50 Foolish Questions, Chaney . 75 Haynes Guide Book of Yellowstone National Park__________ . 75 De luxe 1.25 Maw's Vacation, Hough . 50 Trees and Flowers of Yellowstone National Park, Thone_--_ . 60 Yellowstone National Park, Chittenden 2. 50 Pictures and pictorial souvenirs : Calendars, pictorial, up from . 25 Color photogravures de luxe, 5 by 8 to 22 by 28––––––––––––– . 35–5. 00 Colorgraphs, set of 12, 10 by 13 1. 50 Decks of playing cards and games (pictorial) -------------- . 75–1. 10 Etchings, up from . 75 Gems and Scenic gems, folders-------------- $0.15 or 2 for- . 25 Lantern slides, hand-painted 1. 50 Set Of 100 125. 00 Photographs, black and white, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21–––––––––––– ... 10–3. 50 Photographs, sepia, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60 . 75–25. 00 Pictures, hand-painted, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60–––––––––––––––– . 50–50. 00 Souvenir folders, 18 to 24 views, colored———— $0.15 or 2 for- . 25 Souvenir post cards____ 3 for $0.05 to 2 for $0.05; set of 50– . 50–. 75 Souvenir miniatures, sets . 15–.25 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK 75 Pictures and pictorial souvenirs—Continued. Souvenir place cards, Sets of 12 $1.50 Souvenir hand-painted etchings in WOOd . 35–4.95 Souvenir stationery, Old Faithful etching, per box--_______ . 75 Transparencies, hand-painted, 7 by 10 to 12 by 17---------- 9. 95–19, 85 Other items, including albums, books, etchings, frames, maps, paintings, sand souvenirs, pictorial souvenirs, lithographs, photographic apparatus and supplies, kodaks, cameras, and photo finishing at current prices. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Mr. George Whittaker, who also maintains a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch room and cafeteria. - At Old Faithful, Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates two general stores, one near the hotel and the other in the public auto camp for camp- ers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Mr. George Whittaker conducts the general store that serves the Canyon district. At Tower Falls a general store and lunch room is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to com- plete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc. . In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, Smokers' supplies, etc., are also available. All store and news-stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. Before and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Faith- ful and Fishing Bridge stores. . WOOD FOR FUEL The Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. operates wood yards in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. One bundle of wood approximately 12 inches long by 14 inches in diameter with fire starter and book of matches, 25 cents. TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yel- lowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park high- ways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11-passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. 76 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARIK Each day during the park season, regardless of weather or volume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and outgoing trains at the various park gateways. The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. - Refunds will be made for services paid for but not furnished, except that no refund will be made for transportation on account of loop trips where the passenger has been transported to Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Dunraven Pass, and Mammoth or Norris. The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions off the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. RATES OF YELLOWSTONE PARK TRANSPORTATION CO. PARK TOUR From any entrance, tour of park, including Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Dunraven Pass, and Mammoth or Norris, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance $25.00 NoTEl—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander gateways, applies only in connection with authorized paid rail tickets of Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Rail- way, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Rail- way. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway passengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont. ; otherwise extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrance to the park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Rail- way passengers must hold rail tickets from east of O’Neill, Nebr. ; Otherwise extra auto fare from Lander to South entrance Of park, Or vice versa, is $16.50. On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, each passenger, extra - On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G-C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G-W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra 5. 00 On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are avail- able at Canyon, each passenger, extra - 5. 00 On regular park tour, from Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra - 12. 50 2. 00 LOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS (On busses not operating in connection with park tours) From Mammoth : - . Terraces and Buffalo Corral 1. OO Around Bunsen Peak, Via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls---------- 2. 50 Roosevelt Lodge (Tower Falls Junction)— One way - 2. 75 Round trip 5. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PAREC 7 7 From Old Faithful : Hurry trips to geysers Black Sand Basin LOne Star Geyser From Canyon : Top of Mount Washburn and return Either side of Canyon Bear feeding ground and return From Roosevelt Lodge (minimum 5 fares): Soda Butte and return (per person) Cooke and return (per person) Mammoth— One way Round trip LOCAL FARES FOR SIDE TRIPS (On busses operating in connection with park tours) Gardiner to: Mammoth Mammoth and return West Yellowstone Old Faithful Canyon (via Norris) West Yellowstone to : Old Faithful Mammoth Gardiner Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway— One way - ROund trip Old Faithful to : West Yellowstone Lake to : - Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Cod y Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Cody to : Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Pahaska. Or Sylvan Pass Lodge and return Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) Canyon Mammoth to : Gardiner Gardiner and return West Yellowstone Old Faithful Canyon (via Norris) Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge to : Cody Cody and return (overnight stop at Cody) Take Lake and return (overnight stop at Lake) Canyon Canyon to : Pahaska or Sylvan Pass Lodge Cody West Yellowstone (via Norris) Mammoth (via Roosevelt Lodge) Gardimer (via Roosevelt Lodge) Roosevelt Lodge $ 1 º . ; 1. § ; ; i 1. }} O . 7.50 . 78 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Roosevelt Lodge to : Mammoth $2.75 Gardiner - - - - 3. 50 Moran, Wyo., to : Yellowstone Lake 10. 50 Canyon 14.00 Bozeman or Gallatin Gateway to : West Yellowstone, One way---- 10. 00 Round trip 17. 50 RATES FOR CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. BAGGAGE-TRUNKS Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direction, each trunk Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE SERVICE Special Lincoln touring cars for complete tours—$25 per day, in addition to a minimum of 5 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time the car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateways, railway terminal, or station in the park. This charge does not include Service beyond points covered by regular busses of the company. - Special 11-passenger busses for complete tour, $35 per day in addition to a minimum of 10 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time bus is taken at park entrance until release of bus at exit gateway, railway terminal, or Station in the park. Six-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour Storage, per day . 50 GASOLINE, OIL, ETC. Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, and a limited supply of parts and acces- sories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park Superintendent. - BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the depart- ment, maintains and operates speed, power, and row boats on Yellow- stone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT CO. SPEED BOATS Thumb of Lake to Yellowstone Lake Hotel and Lodge, per passenger____ $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares) --------- 3.00 Half-hour trips, per passenger 1. 00 POWER BOATS 16-foot and 18-foot launches: Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle).-------------------- $20.00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle) —–––––––––––––––– 3. 50 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARE 79 BOWBOATS Per day, 8 hours - $2.50 Per hour . 50 Rowboats can be secured at dock near Lake Hotel, from dock at West Thumb, and at Fishing Bridge. ROWBOATS EQUIPPED WITH MOTORS Per day, 8 hours $10.00 Per hour 2. 50 Boat rental and Services of motor boat and attendants’ time commence at time of leaving the dock until return ; or if boat is engaged in advance, Charges start from time for which boat is engaged. FISHING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day----------------- $0.50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods Or lost Outfit at regular price. - - Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. BATHHOUSES (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) SWIMIMING IPOOL–UPPER GEY SER BASIN Swimming pool, including use of bathing Suit and towel--------------- $0.50 Tub bath . 50 Children between ages 5 and 12 (less than 5, no charge when accom- panied by one or more full-pay bathers) . 25 Boy and Girl Scouts when accompanied by Scout leaders - . 25 Caps . 25 Caps, higher grade - - . 50 |Belts . 25 Shoes 1. 00 Use Of inflated floats . 25 OLD FAITH FUL AND FISHING BRIDGE AUTOMOBILE CAIME GROUNIOS Tub bath . 50 ShOwers . 25 Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof . 25 Electric irons, per hour or fraction thereof . 25 PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces vast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern visitors has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the parlance of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude" ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. 80 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904, when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton Brothers “Dude Ranch * at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellowstone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North of Sheridan, in the Birney (Mont.) ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are dis- covered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois (Wyo.) dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip of both parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crow and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is unequaled. CAMPING PARTIES WITH IICEN SED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and outfitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. . O Fountain Geyser LOWER GEYSER BAS|N Terrace Falls Union Falls |N THE FALLS RIVER SECTION - - Haynes Photograph OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK U. S. Gove RNMENT PRINTING of FICE: 1932 72 2- ZZ2 ºf YELLOWSTONE 4- NATIONAL PARK - - UNITED STATES Black Bear Cubs 1162aº” DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Canyon Lodge NATIONAL PARK SERVICE THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE - Acadia. A group of granite mountains rising from Mount Desert Island, off the coast of Maine, with interesting headlands on the near-by mainland. Formerly called Lafayette National Park. It contains 18 square miles. Bryce Canyon. Southwestern Utah. In the same general desert region that produced the Grand Canyon and Zion, lies Bryce Canyon. It contains countless array of fantastically eroded pinnacles of vivid coloring. Area, 55 square miles. Carlsbad Caverns. Magnificently d ted limest nsin southwestern New Mexico believed to be the largest yet discovered. Crater Lake. One of the most beautiful spots in America. A rugged, picturesque area in ººm Oregon embracing 250 square miles. Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct VO!CanO, General Grant. Created in 1890 to preserve the celebrated General Grant Tree—a giant . redwood 40.3 feet in diameter. It is located in middle eastern California, 35 miles by trail from Sequoia National Park. Area, 4 square miles. Glacier. In northwestern Montana. Rugged mountain region, unsurpassed in alpine character. It contains over 250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty, 60 small glaciers, and precipices thousands of feet deep. Area, 1,533 square miles. - s Grand Canyon. North central Arizona. The greatest example of erosion and the most sublime spectacle in the world. Area, 1,009 square miles. Grand Teton. Northwestern Wyoming. A area of 150 square miles. Most spectacular pore tion of Teton Mountains—an uplift of unusual grandeur. - Great Smoky Mountains. This area in North Carolina Tennessee is not to be developed as a national park until at least 427,000 acres have been donated to the United States. Meanwhile that portion already in Federal ownership (297,719.7 acres) is being protected by the National Park IVICC. - Hawaii. Kilauea and Mauna Loa, active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Haleakala, a huge extinct volcano on the island of Maui. Area, 245 square miles. - Hot Springs. Middle Arkansas. Reserved by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Reservae tion to prevent exploitation; 47 hot springs said to possess healing properties. Many hotels and boarding houses, and 19 bath houses under Government supervision. Area, 1.48 square miles. Lassen Volcanic. Northern California. Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet—only active volcano in the º States proper. Cinder cone (6,913 feet), hot springs, and mud geysers. Area, 163 square £8. Mesa Verde. Southwestern Colorado. The most notable and best-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings in the United States, if not in the world. Area, 80 square miles. Mount McKinley. Alaska. Highest mountain in North America—rises higher above sure rounding country than any other mountain in the world. Area, 3,030 square miles. Mount Rainier. Largest accessible single-peak glacier system—28 glaciers 50 to 500 feet thick. Wonderful subalpine wild-flower fields. Area, 377 square miles. Platt. Southern Oklahoma. Contains sulphur and other springs said to possess healing prop- erties. Area, 1.32 square miles. - Rocky Mountain. North middle Colorado. Remarkable records of glacial period. A snowy i. of peaks 11,000 to 14,255 feet altitude. Gorgeously colored wild flowers grow in profusion in sheltered gorges. Area, 405 square miles. & Sequoia. The Big Tree National Park. California. Scores of sequoias 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter. General Sherman Tree 36.5 feet in diameter and 272.4 feet in height. Towering mountain ranges. Startling precipices. Mount Whitney. Kern River Canyon. Area, 604 square miles. Wind Cave. South Dakota. Remarkable limestone cavern having numerous chambers decorated with fantastic formations. Surface area, 18 square miles. Game preserve. - Yellowstone. Northwestern Wyoming. Best known of our national parks and the largest— area, 3,437 square miles. Contains more geysers than all the rest of the world combined. Boiling springs, petrified forests, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone remarkable for gorgeous coloring. Large lakes, streams, and waterfalls, Vast wilderness—one of the greatest wild bird and animal preserves in the world. Exceptional trout fishing. - t Yosemite. In middle eastern California. Valley of world-famed beauty. Lofty cliffs, romantic vistas, many waterfalls of extraordinary height, three groves of big trees, good trout fishing. Area, 1,176 square miles. Zion. Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon) which has a depth of 1,500 to 2,500 feet; precipitous walls. Of great beauty and scenic interest. Area, 148 square miles. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - HAROLD L. Ickes, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE HoRace M. ALBRIGHT, Director GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK - WYOMING SEASON JUNE 1 TO OCTOBER 15 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 Don't HURRY THROUGH THE PARK . ENJOY IT LEISURELY RULES AND REGULATIONS (BRIEFED) The park regulations are approved by the Secretary of the Interior and are designed for the protection of the natural features and scenery, as well as for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The following synopsis is for the general guidance of visitors who are all requested to assist the administration by observe ing the rules. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.—It is forbidden to injure or write upon the formations, throw objects into the springs or steam vents, or to disturb or carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, etc., within the park. The destruction, injury, or disturbance in any way of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. Camps.-Permanent camping sites are available in all sections; PLEASE HELP US, YOURSELF, AND OTHERS BY KEEPING THESE CAMP. GROUNDS CLEAN! Burn combustible rubbish and place all other garbage and refuse in available garbage cans. There is plenty of pure water; be sure you get it. ALL WATER IN DESIGNATED CAMPGROUNDS IS GOOD WATER! Wood for fuel should be taken from dead or fallen trees. Fires.—The park's greatest peril. Do not kindle them near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., but in some open space on rocks or earth. Light fires only when necessary; they should be completely extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water. DON'T TAKE CHANCES-MAKE SURE YOUR FIRE IS OUT! Bears.--It is unlawful and extremely dangerous to molest, tease, or touch bears. IF YOU FEED OR PHOTOGRAPH THEM YOU DO SO AT YOUR OWN RISK AND PERIL. It is best to suspend food supplies in a box between two trees so as to keep it out of reach of bears. - Dogs and cats.--Dogs and cats are permitted to be brought into the park but must be kept on leashes or in crates at all times. - Government responsibility.—The Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. - Firearms.-Firearms are permitted in the park but must be sealed upon entry. Fishing.—No license is required to fish in the park. Ten fish per person fish- ing constitutes the limit for a day's catch, except in certain posted waters. Cameras.-The use of still and motion picture cameras is encouraged within the park. Gºing–Gambing in any form is prohibited. Saddle horse, pack trains, etc.—Saddle horse, pack trains, and horse- drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. All vehicles must be equipped for night travel. Lost and found articles.—Lost and found articles should be reported to the nearest ranger station. - Park rangers.-Ranger stations are located at all main points of interest; park rangers are stationed throughout the entire park. CONSULT THESE MEN–THEY ARE AT YOUR SERVICE. Automobiles.—Drive carefully at all times; obey all park traffic rules. ſ RogER. W. ToLL, Superintendent. II | . DEPOSITED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA J UN i 5 '33 -- The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellowstone supplements this infor- mation circular and contains more illustrations and historical data. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service and is on sale at all points in the park at prices approved by the Government. C O N TENTS Page General description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 The geysers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Other hot-water phenomena. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone............................................. 3 Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls. . . . . . . . . . .* & s = e º e º e = w e º 'º e º s e º e º e s e º e is a e º e º 'º s e º sº 3 Remarkable fossil forests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 4 Great wildlife refuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Do not feed the bears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 Trout fishing. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 6 The Grand Teton National Park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sylvan Pass and the Red Canyon of the Shoshone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The trail system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Administration of the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Protection of the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The guide, lecture, and museum service. . . . . . . . ................................ 8 The rules and regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................... 9 The park season. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Railroad information. . . . . . . . ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Escorted tours to the national parks............................................ 10 Transportation and accommodation................................................ < 10 Medical and hospital service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Telegrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 11 Post office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Automobile highway information. . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s e s e < * 12 Automobiles in the park. . . . . . . . . . . & e s e e s e e s e s a e e e s e s e e s e e s e e s e a e e º e º e s e s e s e º e e s s 12 Free camp grounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Gasoline, oil, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 uel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 The park milepost system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... 13 Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Gardiner, the northern entrance (N.E.), to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.). . . . . . . . . 14 The terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Side trips from Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Mountain climbing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Mammoth Hot Springs (M.S.) to Norris Junction (N.J.). . . . . . . . . ............... 18 Norris Junction (N.J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.).............................. 19 Norris Junction (N.J.) to Madison Junction (M. J.)............................. 19 Norris Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Elk Park, Gibbon Meadows, Gibbon Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . e e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 21 Madison Junction (M. J.) to Old Faithful (O. F.)....... ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Lower Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Midway Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Upper Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Trails and side trips from Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Old Faithful (O. F.) to West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake (W. T.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 The West Thumb (W. T.)....................., .......................... 29 West Thumb (W. T.) to Lake Junction (L. J.)................................... 30 Side trips from Lake Hotel and Lodge....................................... 30 Lake Junction (L. J.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... 31 Lake Junction (L. J.) to Canyon Junction (C. J.)................................. 31 Canyon Junction (C. J.)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Canyon Junction (C. J.) to Norris Junction (N.J.)............................... 32 Grand Canyon. ....................... ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32 [III] Yellowstone Park tour—principal points of interest—Continued. Page Canyon Junction (C.J.) to Tower Junction (T. J.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 33 Tower Junction (T. J.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Side trips from Tower Junction and Roosevelt Lodge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Tower Junction (T. J.) to Mammoth Hot Springs (M. S.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W.E.), to Madison Junction (M. J.). 35 Cody, Wyo., via eastern entrance (E. E.), to Lake Junction (L. J.)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Moran, Wyo., via southern entrance (S.E.) to loop road at West Thumb (W. T.).... 38 Tower Junction (T. J.) to Buffalo Ranch, Soda Butte, and Cooke, Mont. . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Bozeman, Mont., via Gallatin Gateway, Mont., to western entrance (W. E.). . . . . . . . 39 Yellowstone Park trails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Howard Eaton Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Schedule of trails, points from which they radiate, and distances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Table of surface temperatures of hot springs, geysers, and fumaroles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Prominent geysers and springs of the Yellowstone................................... 43 Norris Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Lower Geyser Basin (including Midway Geyser Basin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Upper Geyser Basin (Old Faithful Geyser Basin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * 43 Weather report for Mammoth Hot Springs......................................... 44 Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Wild animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Rules and regulations: . 2’ - General regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Automobile and motorcycle regulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Authorized rates for public utilities, season of 1933. ................................. 53 Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Accommodations before and after season. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Photographs of the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 57 Stores and news stands. . . . . * = e º e = * * * g e º & e e º e º e º dº e º º ſº e º e º e º e & Gº e º ſº tº tº, , , , , , , , , , s = - 58 Wood for fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •s e e = e e º e º e º a tº 58 Transportation in the park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Boat service on Yellowstone Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Bathhouses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Personally conducted camping parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 - Dude (tourist) ranches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 - Camping parties with licensed guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Literature and Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Government publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Distributed free by the National Park Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Sold by the Superintendent of Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Other publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 MAPS lº. section through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge, showing succession of buried Orests. . . . . . . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 The mountains of the Yellowstone-Grand Teton region............................... 7 Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Norris Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . .". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20 Lower Geyser Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Upper Geyser Basin.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 25 Grand Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Locations of national parks and national monuments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside back. Irv | YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK GENERAL DESCRIPTION * The Yellowstone, probably the best known of our national parks, was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revising its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. On October 20, 1932, President Hoover signed a proclamation adding approximately 7,600 acres along the north line, near Gardiner, Mont., which now gives the park an area of about 3,438 square miles or approximately 2,200,240 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho.” It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surrounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the inclosed table-land. * - Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in two or three days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is power- fully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Geological speculation points to a crater which doubtless once opened just west of Mount Washburn. Looked down upon from Washburn's summit and examined from the main road north of the pass, the conformation of the foreground and of the distant mountains is sug. gestive even to the unscientific eye. - In addition to these speculative appearances positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted lavas along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. THE GEYSERS There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park. Most of them are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, 1 Of the park area 3,145 square miles are within the State of Wyoming, 257 square miles within the State of Montana, and 36 square miles within the State of Idaho. - [1] like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals, longer, or shorter. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the internal heat of the earth approaches close to the surface. Their action, for so many years unexplained, and even now regarded with wonder by so many, is simple. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean springs collecting in the bottom of the geyser's crater, down among the strata of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and gives off steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and give off clouds of steam, the sign to the watchers above that the geyser is about to y. p At last the steam from the water in the bottom expands so rapidly under the continued heat that the less-heated water above can no longer weigh it down so the water bubbles over, thus relieving the pressure on the superheated water below, which suddenly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. The water rises many, feet into the air and continues to play until practically all the water in the crater has been expelled. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, runs off or with other water, again seeps through the surface to gather as before in the crater's depth, and in a greater or less time, according to difficulties in the way of its return, becomes reheated to the bursting point, when the geyser spouts again. - One may readily make a geyser in any laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at the Old Faithful Museum. This geyser, when in action, plays at short regular intervals. The water is heated electrically in a metal bulb and finds its way to the surface through a winding tube. After the eruption it drains back into the bulb by another tube where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. - OTHER HOT-water PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot-water phe- nomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the middle west side of the park, but other hot-water manifesta- tions occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water flows over the edges of these fretted basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, decorating them with hues of red, pink, tan, brown, and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as bacteria are found in long strings of j. and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as diatoms, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small geysers. - [2] The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well-marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many instances beautifully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed, the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visiting “The Grand Canyon” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seem- ingly out of the pine-clad hills and plunges downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious panorama. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine-topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Some. times they lie in huge hollows carved from the sidewalls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The whole canyon is colored as brokenly and vividly as the field of a kaleido- scope and is streaked and spotted in every shade from the deepest orange to the faintest lemon; from deep crimson through all the brickshades to the softest pink; from black through all the grays and pearls to glistening white. The greens are furnished by the dark pines above, the lighter shades of growth caught here and there in soft masses on the gentler slopes and the foaming green of the churning river so far below. The blues, ever changing, are found in the dome of the sky overhead. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass or the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. - - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is encoun- tered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rockfarabove the foaming Yellowstonearepicturesquetoa high degree. [3] . - REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the newly acquired region on the northwest known as the Gallatin Petrified Forests, and in the northeast, known as the Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests. º º * gº º º-ºº- - &kº ºf sº sº * § E- & Qº - ſº § - -*§ § gº §§ *:::: tºº§ 㺠§º: §§ § §: §§ ºššº §§ §§ § £º gºś º º º sººl_º º Zº ºº:: ºf ºrºgº º §§ºº: §§º º 3: --- *† #==== º Çiğº: §:### ºğ -3 º:==== ºś --- flººr:* E=-ºs- ɺgº #== S IDEAL SECTION THROUGH 2,000 FEET OF BEDS OF SPECIMEN RIDGE, SHOWING SUCCESSION OF BURIED FORESTS. AFTER HOLMES [4] These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests” might imply. These are not readily accessible to the visitor with the exception of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six-tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park to-day. They included broad-leaved species, such as laurel, sycamore, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out among other things great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dissolved and the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduction in rock of the original form of the tree, in many cases cell for cell. In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repetition of this process twelve times—with intervening periods of volcanic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered and in time petrified. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. - - GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most successful wild- life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also and excellent and accessible field for nature study. - - Its 3,438 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them, for the 327 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when abso- lutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart's content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant re- treats. In the fall and spring, when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders' camp in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when men treat them as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by our national parks' experience to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, however, they become fierce antagonists indeed. - It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family so to speak—are numerous in the park. . - - While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that these bears, too, are wild animals and should be treated as such. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, innumerable deer, many antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. [5] It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than two hundred species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of the Yellowstone Lake. DO NOT FEED THE BEARS Visitors Must Not FEED Bears, as this has resulted in the past in many in- juries, some of which have been severe. The bears are greedy and steal camp supplies whenever they can. Food left in cars tempts bears to cause damage. TROUT FISHING Troutfishing in Yellowstone waters is unexcelled. All of the great watersheds abound in trout which often attain great size. Yellowstone Lake is the home of large trout, which are taken freely from boats, and the Yellowstone River and its tributaries yield excellent catches to the skillful angler. - The Madison River and its tributaries also abound in trout, and Montana grayling are to be caught in the northwestern streams. There is excellent fishing also in many of the smaller lakes. Detailed informa- tion concerning fishing is found, beginning on page 45. THE GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Moun , tains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordinary, massing of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclama- tion dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Archi- tect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. Jackson Hole, as this country has been known for many years, was the last refuge of the desperado of the picturesque era of our western life. Here, until comparatively recent years, the bank robber of the city, the highwayman of the plains, the “bad man” of the frontier, the hostile Indian, and the hunted mur- derer found safe retreat. In these rolling, partly wooded plains and the foothills and canyons of these tremendous mountains even military pursuers were baffled. Here for years they lived in safety on the enormous elk herds of the neighborhood and raided distant countrysides at leisure. - With the passing of the Old West and the partial protection of the game Jackson Hole entered upon its final destiny, that of contributing to the pleasure and inspiration of a great and peaceful people. The very contrast between its gigantic granite spires and the beautiful rolling plateau and fruitful farms farther to the south is an element of charm. The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely dif. ferent from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone National Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 50 miles, and an additional drive of [6] The road over Sylvan Pass 3 l is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled 3 canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages ... that its passage imprints itself 3 indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic R. rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. And miles fartheron, where the united forks of the Sho- § | shone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United § States,higher thanNewYork's famous Flatiron Building, holds backfor irrigationalarge and deep lake of water and 3 creates, through partnership of manand nature, a spectacle ofgrandeurperhapsunequaled of its kind. The road, which " shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. ; THE TRAIL SYSTEM Yellowstone National Park § º º 16 miles brings one to the # § § § § 3 ; ; ; ; ; ; shore of ; Lake, lying £---- 3/ZSº f'; betweenJenny Lake and Leigh # ; S. * | Lake. From each of these # # § lakes, as well as from points # . : #N on the road leading to them, #3 * E º; views.of the Teton Mountains # j - §§ may be obtained that amply * #3 # § repay the short journey re- # # #N3 quired. Automobile stages "... às # run from Yellowstone Park to : 㺠#### º Moran and back, on regular 53 #### N = sº schedule. # gă s 3 SYLVAN PASS AND * *śā § | THE RED_CANYON OF * #### # * THE SHOSHONE § § | ; ; º : # -- | sºs ; : was finally motorized in 1917. | - I 7 The reduction of time required to travel between points of special interest permits the visitor to spend a far greater proportion of his allowance of time in pleasurable sightseeing. It has also brought to the park many thousands of more or less leisurely motorists in their own cars, many of whom bring with them their own camping equipment. - To facilitate the protection of the park and to meet the needs of visitors, the National Park Service is developing the trail system as rapidly as time and appro- priations permit. Much has already been accomplished, and nearly nine hundred miles of fairly good trails are now available for the horseback rider and hiker. These trails lead into splendid scenic sections of the park, out to streams and lakes teeming with fish, far away into the foothills of the Absaroka Range where the wild buffalo graze, into the petrified forests and other regions of strange geological formations, out beyond the east boundary to picturesque old mining camps, and they afford park tours touching the same important points of interest that the road system includes, although sections of the roads must be used in these circle tours. If parties wish to travel on the trails without the service of a guide, careful inquiries should be made at the office of the superintendent or at the nearest ranger station before starting, and a good map should be procured and studied. The map in this booklet merely sketches the trail system. On pages 40 to 42 the reader will find an outline of the important trail trips. ADMINISTRATION OF THE PARK Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive offices of #: admin. istration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. • x * The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general headquarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All comments regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. PROTECTION OF THE PARK The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is augmented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless visitors. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and rendering other assistance to the touring public. - - THE GUIDE, LECTURE, AND MUSEUM SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Norris Geyser Basin, Madi- son Junction, Upper Geyser Basin, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Many lectures are given in the evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. - The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in mu- seums at Mammoth, Norris, Old Faithful, and Fishing Bridge. This is a free service for all visitors. Circulars of general information regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on geysers, geological history, [8] fossil forests, and fishes of the Yellowstone, topographic maps and other public cations pertaining to the park are on sale at nominal charges at all museums except Norris and Madison Junction. The Mammoth Museum is devoted to a general survey of the natural and human history of the park. Old Faithful Museum, between the inn and the auto camp, is devoted largely to geyser activity and its products. The Norris Geyser Basin Museum is remarkable for its simple and easy manner of telling the story of volcanism in the park, as well as of the thermal features of that area. Madison Junction Museum is devoted to historical events of the park, while Fishing Bridge Museum deals primarily with the biologic life of the park and the history and geology of Yellowstone Lake. A trail side shrine near Obsidian Cliff explains that great mountain of volcanic glass and trail-side shrines, explaining local fea- tures of interest to the visitor, are also located near Silver Gate, Swan Lake, Willow Park, Nymphaea Lake, and Firehole Cascades. THE RULES-AND REGULATIONS Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was vested in the United States by the act of Congress creating the park. The rules and regulations printed on pages 47–53, inclusive, have the full force and effect of law and should be carefully observed. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at * by the United States commissioner for the park, Judge John W. Meldrum. THE PARK SEASON The main season extends from June 14 to September 13, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 14 and September 13 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at cer. tain places in the park for motorists. (See p. 56.) Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 15 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor-bus tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardiner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad also serves the Gallatin Gate. way entrance; the Union Pacific system reaches it on the west, at West Yellow- stone, Mont., and on the south from Victor, Idaho; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the auto stage drive of 54 miles; and the Chicago & North Western Railway has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 174 miles from the south entrance, which is reached by daily automobile service. . . . . During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada, to Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these six gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other five. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks and monuments in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, and Bryce National Parks and the Craters of the Moon, Devils Tower, and monu- ments of the Southwest, - - - [9] Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side trip in con- nection with journeys to other destinations will find stop-over privileges avail- able and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Pocatello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo., all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets; or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round. trip tickets. - - - Coupons covering autostage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sight-seeing” tour of the park of about five days' duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges, which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested railroads at Liv. ingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passen- gers enter the park, i.e., Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. - For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. - ESCORTED TOURS TO THE NATIONAL PARKS Several of the larger railroads operate escorted tours to the principal national parks of the West, such as Yellowstone, Yosemite, Rocky Mountain, Grand Canyon, Zion, Bryce Canyon, Glacier, and Mount Ranier, and some even go as far as Hawaii and Mount McKinley. - The tour-way is an easy and comfortable method of visiting the parks, as all arrangements are taken care of in advance. The total cost of the trip is included in the all-expense rate charged, and the escort in charge of each party attends to the handling of tickets, baggage, and other travel details. This is an especially interesting mode of travel for the inexperienced traveler or for one traveling alone. The escort, in addition to taking care of the bothersome details of travel, also assists the members of his party to enjoy the trip in every way possible. - Full information concerning these escorted tours may be obtained by writin to * passenger traffic managers of the railroads serving the various national parks. : - - - - . . . - TRANSPORTATION AND ACCOMMODATIONS: . There are four hotels, six lodges, and an automobile transportation line oper. ated in the park under contract with the Department of the Interior. Two hotels and two lodges will be temporarily closed during the 1933 season. Every person is at liberty to provide his own means of transportation, subject to the regulations printed on pages 47 to 52, inclusive. . . . . . . . . . . . For authorized rates of the public utilities see page 53. . . . . . . . . . ...The transportation company allows each passenger to take along 25 pounds of hand baggage without extra charge, which is º, quite sufficient unless con- [10] siderable extra time is to be spent in the park, when arrangements can be made for having trunks forwarded at extra expense. Arrangements can be made for caring for trunks left at entrance during tour of park, or for rechecking them for passengers who enter at one side of the park and go out by another route. Liability of transportation company for loss of . in the park is limited to $25 per piece, or parcel, but baggage may be insured for larger amounts. Heavy, strong clothing and heavy shoes (or light shoes and rubbers) are advis. able. A raincoat or other light, serviceable wrap should be taken along. Visitors desiring to view the wild animals feeding in Gardiner Canyon at north entrance of Yellowstone Park in winter will find comfortable accommodations in Gardiner, Mont. General stores are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, West Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge (the outlet of Yellowstone Lake), the Grand Canyon, and at Tower Falls. * . Photo finishing service is available at Mammoth, Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Fishing Bridge, and Grand Canyon by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), and photo- graphs, enlargements, souvenir post cards, and other photographic supplies are available at these stores. • - MEDICAL AND HOSPITAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has headquarters at Mam. moth Hot Springs where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are con- stantly available. A well-equipped hospital with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. - * Physicians of the medical service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are provided with adequately equipped dispen- SaſleS. - - In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse, proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical serve ice can be summoned by telephone. - Rates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. - t - TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mammoth Hotel, Mam- moth Hot Springs. Lists of undelivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. . - . POST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad visitors are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depending upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or fiº. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth Hotel and Mammoth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward, General-delivery mail must be [11] called for at the post office at Mammoth Hot Springs, but can on request be for. warded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Auto- mobile visitors j have their mail addressed with their name, “care of Gen. eral Delivery, Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” and should call for same at the post office on their arrival at Mammoth Hot Springs. Post offices near the park en- trances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. - - In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal stations in the park at Old Faithful, Lake Outlet, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. AUTOMOBILE HIGHWAY INFORMATION Yellowstone National Park may be reached from all major points, including other national parks and monuments, via improved United States highways. American Automobile Association offices throughout the country are prepared to furnish reliable information as well as maps showing routes to and from the park. Inquiry should be made at various cities concerning road conditions. - Yellowstone National Park may be reached from the following highways: Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance). U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 10 and 87 W. U.S. Highway. . . . . . . . 2 and 87 W U.S. Highway. . . . . . . . 10 and 12 U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 16 and 10. Cody, Wyo. (east entrance). U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 16 and 20. U. S. Highway. . . . .... 20. U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 10 to Billings, 310 south to Cody. Snake River (south entrance). U.S. Highway. . . . . . . . 87 W (over Togwotee Pass). U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 187 (via Hoback Canyon). U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 191 and 22 (via Swan Valley and Teton Pass). U.S. Highway. . . . . . . . 191 and 33 (Sugar City and Teton Pass). West Yellowstone, Mont. (west entrance). . S. Highway. . . . . . . . 10 to Bozeman and south through Gallatin Gateway. U. S. Highway. . . . . . . . 91 or 10 to Butte, thence southwest via Virginia City and Ennis or Harrison and Ennis. U.S. Highway. . . . . . . . 191 from Pocatello. AUTOMOBILES IN THE PARK Automobiles for pleasure purposes only are allowed in the park after payment of a license fee. (See p. 51) Guides are not necessary as all roads and features are well marked. FREE CAMP GROUNDS A system of free automobile camp grounds has been developed and many of these are available for use during the season. Others are being opened as fast as funds are granted for their improvement. In these camp grounds pure water is supplied and firewood is available at nominal cost. Cooking grates are provided. These camp grounds accommodate hundreds of cars. For the motorist who does not care to camp in the extensive camp grounds at the main points of inter- est, smaller camp sites, easily recognized by signs such as “Good Camp,” with pure water and wood for cooking, have been designated. Among these camping areas will be found attractive sites to meet the needs and desires of all motorists. Special attention is given to sanitation in all camp grounds. [12] GASOLINE, OIL., ETC. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company and filling stations carry a stock of automobile accessories, tires, etc. The trans- portation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot jº. Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge Auto Camp, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. - FUEL Wood yards are operated on the “Cash and Carry” basis by the Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. - THE PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond-shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case initials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have sometimes been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner, the north gateway, and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. The following is a key to the milepost initials: N. E. . . . . North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. W. E. . . . . West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. . . . . . East entrance, 54 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S. E. . . . . . South entrance, 25 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. . . . . Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop system. N. J. . . . . . Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. . . . . Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. O. F. . . . . Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. . . . . West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop sys- tem. . L. J. . . . . . Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop system. C. J. . . . . . Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J. . . . . . T. Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke, Mont., leaves the Oop system. . - C. S. ..... Cooke Station, 4 miles southwest of Cooke, Mont., on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Junction. Mt. W. . . Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. - As the map between pages 38 and 39 clearly shows, the main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop” Highway. There are 143 miles of improved highways in the main system. *. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 67.2 miles. + Other roads in the park have a combined length of 94.3 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 24 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone §ºl Forest and 25 miles of the south-approach road in the Teton National Orest. 157375°–33—2 [13] * YELLOWSTONE PARK TOUR-PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST . GARDINER, THE NORTHERN ENTRANCE (N. E). TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.)2 (5 miles) Gardiner (altitude, 5,313 feet) is the terminus of the branch line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and is immediately north of the northern boundary line of the park. Here is located the entrance arch of basaltic rock. Automobiles are required to stop at the point of entrance to register and purchase permit. Guides, horses, outfits, and supplies can be secured in Gardiner. There is no good camp site near the town. The Mammoth automobile camp is located on the eastern edge of Mammoth Hot Springs, near the headquarters power plant, slightly over 4 miles from Gardiner. This is the first camping site upon entering the park from the north. The distance from Gardiner to Mammoth Hot Springs is 5 miles, and the road lies along the Gardiner River. . Electric Peak is due west of the railroad station at Gardiner and is easily recog- nized by its sharp point and general reddish color. It is the highest mountain in the park (11,155 feet) and one of the peaks of the Gallatin Range. It is so named by reason of magnetic disturbances noted by the first party to ascend this mountain with surveying instruments. Sepulcher Mountain is east of Electric Peak and southwest of Gardiner. It can be easily ascended by trail from Snow Pass, 1% miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs, and turning to the northwest as the trail enters Swan Lake Basin, or by trail direct from Mammoth. It has an elevation of 9,500 feet, and from its summit is obtained a magnificentview to the south and east. It is named from a tomb-like rock on the spur of the mountain facing Electric Peak, best viewed from near Gardiner. Gardiner Canyon, entered 1 mile from Gardiner, is a deep, narrow gorge between walls of gray sedimentary rocks on the east and glacial drift on the west. Eagle Nest Rock on the east side has been a nesting place for ospreys since the park was first discovered. - Through Boiling River, 3% miles from Gardiner, a large volume of warm water from the Mammoth Hot Springs flows directly into Gardiner River. The water in this river is not boiling hot, as implied by its name, but varies in temperature, due to variations in the volume of underground steam, the highest temperature recorded being 136°F. in 1896. - From Boiling River the road ascends 600 feet in 1% miles to Mammoth Hot Springs (6,239 feet), the administrative headquarters of the park. Here are located the Superintendent's Office; United States Commissioner's Office; Mam. moth Information Office and Museum; Mammoth Hotel; Yellowstone Park (Wyo.), post office; and stores where supplies, curios, etc., may be purchased. The main highway leads to the Mammoth Lodge, the buffalo corral, the loop- road around the hot-springs formations, and Norris Geyser Basin. A small herd of buffalo may be seen at the corral, one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge. The loop road around the formations enables the motorist to drive his car to some of the hot springs terraces. The terraces, however, are best seen by foot trail as described later. * The road from West Yellowstone, Mont. (western entrance), connects with the loop road at Madison Junction (M.J.), 14.3 miles south of Norris. (See p. 22.) The route from the western entrance to the loop road is given on p. 35. The roa from the ºften entrance joins the loop road at West Thumb. (See p. 30.) The route from the §: entrance is given on p. 38. ... The road from Cody via eastern entrance joins the loop road at Lake Junction (L.J.) about 2 miles north of Lake Hotel. (See p. 37.) The route from Cody is given on p. 36, [14] No private camping is permitted above the reservoirs nor along Glen Creek, nor in Swan Lake Basin, so the next camp site is about 8 miles south of Mammoth Hot Springs on the road to Norris. THE TERRACES AT MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGs In seeing the springs and terraces the directions here given are usually followed, although the trip may be reversed if desired. The Terrace Trail starts at Liberty Cap, an extinct hot-spring cone now standing 40 feet above the surrounding formation south of the Park Curio Store. It is similar to the travertine deposits which make up the terraces and its form is the result of processes of erosion. At Mammoth Hot Springs the deposits from the hot water consist almost exclusively of carbonate of lime, or travertine, and are essentially different from those of the geyser basins, the latter being made up mainly of siliceous sinter, or geyserite. Under favorably conditions this carbonate of lime at Mammoth Hot Springs may deposit rapidly, as is shown by the thin film of travertine found coating all objects exposed in waters issuing directly from the springs. Objects lying for a day or two in the water frequently show a substantial deposit of this material. There are some other minerals in these waters, but it is true here, as at all other points, that the most of the coloring is due to low forms of vegetable life, principally algae, that will grow in hot water up to a temperature of 180° F. From Liberty Cap the trail goes to the north and around New Hymen Ter- race to the arch designating the Terrace Trail. After partly circling Hymen Terrace, which is only occasionally active, the trail leads to Devils Thumb, similar in origin to Liberty Cap. The trail now climbs to Minerva Terrace with its Grotto. - - With Mound and Main Terraces to the left, the trail bears to the right past Cleopatra Terrace, then up the stairs and along the top of a ridge which was once an active terrace similar to Narrow Gage Terrace, which is next. These twoformations were built up by springs which emerged along a fissure. - Cheops Mound, built up in the shape of a pyramid, is now extinct. From this place the trail parallels the auto road past The Buttress and Highland Terrace on the left to Orange Spring Mound, a prominent knob of travertine (hot springs deposit), which is slowly building up. From here the trail branches to the left and goes directly to the Devils Kitchen. The trail branching to the right passes Stygian Caves, White Elephant Back Terrace, and eventually leads to Devils Kitchen. Since these features lack the interest which they once held, the trail has been shortened to go directly to the Devils Kitchen, the fissure of an ancient hot spring. The visitor should note that this is the only opening that is safe to descend, as at many of the other caves and openings carbonic-acid gas is present to a dangerous extent. Indeed, many birds and small animals fall victims an- nually to the gas, especially in the Stygian Caves, which are the most dangerous of all. The Kitchen marks the high point of the Terrace Trail. From here it leads down past New Highland Terrace, Glen Springs, Old Angel, and on to Angel Terrace. The latter is considered by many to be the most beautiful of all the terraces. The numerous dead trees found here are not petrified but are well preserved by the travertine which is being deposited about them. From Angel Terrace the trail goes over the ridge to the north, thence down to Blue Springs. By standing near these powerful springs or at a point near Canary Spring, once quite active and located just south of Blue Springs, one can observe the wonderful colorings of the pools and terraces. The color is due to microscopic plants called algae, which give shades varying from delicate peach, through brown to dark green. Long strands of a yellow-colored substance may be noticed in places. Most of this yellow is caused by minute forms of life known [15] as bacteria. At many places upon the broad bench of Jupiter Terrace the springs present the appearance of boiling, though most of their temperatures are far below the boiling point, which is approximately 198°F. at this altitude. The violent agitation is due to the escape of gases, largely carbonic-acid gas. From Househºe EPING CABINS #0SPprºt. * * rettºsłowº Pºrs Gewirat &rafé cAMP wakehøUSE custo snº ſ WA v. s. commissioners office?/\, 2, º º Ne; º _ Liberty Gap (33° N } - Wºo z - Hymen ſo Devil Thumb -sº MAMMOTH LODGE Terrace/ cºee & I *Y"Old Palette spring j - - Minerva \ N Terrace # 4 / / \ §§', N / au, Pulpit #. \ 2^ #. Terrace & errace Cleopatra Terrace | 2^ * Jupiter * */ Main s § Terrace 27 Terrace; - zº º Jupiter • z || @ Sãrings / f Blue º / w Springs Çanaſy | NZ 23° * . S'P'ſ \- Narrow_ _ _ \, \eº z • * "Gågå ...” " Mº 2 Terrace wº º .* £2 - & / \ || Glen Spring ' ||S New Highlande º º, s Terrace ...* Angel * * Lookout Points, Terrace ſ SS w Devils Kitchen \ d o 1 o Old Angel Terrace º o,” 5 ---> . . . *--- Orange SRGing, scAl-E of FEET G #. 2 200 O 260 400 600 rottoes () e? ſ & Road | &" \ | & - - - - - - - - Formation Trail | & - - - - - - - Nature Trail MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS [16] south of Blue Springs the trail leads down alongside Jupiter Terrace, the largest hot-spring terrace in the world, past Mammoth Lodge and the Swimming Pool, and down the sidewalk to Liberty Cap. The Terrace-Forest Trail from Liberty Cap leads to Narrow Gage Terrace, thence into the open woods to Clematis Gulch, passing many interesting features. McCartney Cave is an old extinct spring. Its wire-covered opening may be found in the lawn near the tennis court. . Free Government guide service is available daily from Liberty Cap over the Terrace Trail and the Terrace-Forest (Nature) Trail. For those driving their own cars an auto caravan, the Buffalo-Terrace Trek, leaves the museum daily. Inquire at museum for schedule of guided activities and lectures. Lectures are given in the evenings in the auto camp, lodge, and hotel. SIDE TRIPS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS Clematis Gulch Nature Trail, 2-mile nature-study walk beginning at Hymen Terrace, to the right of Liberty Cap, and returning by way of hot springs, if desired. Flowers, trees, and other natural features well labeled and explained. No guide necessary. Rangers' Nature Trail, 5-mile round-trip horseback ride, starting through Clematis Gulch and returning near Administration Building. A beautiful ride, the chief attractions of which are extensive beaver workings and occasional glimpses of the animals themselves. Guide necessary. Can also be made on foot, without guide. - - Around Bunsen Peak, 10 miles by partly improved automobile road via Hoodoos, Golden Gate, Middle Gardiner Canyon (second canyon in size in the park), Sheepeater Cliffs in canyon, walls along the canyon with view of Osprey Falls (150 feet), and returning via northeastern slope of Bunsen Peak and the Buffalo Corral. A footpath leads to the bottom of Osprey Falls. The Yellow, stone Park Transportation Co. makes the trip available to rail visitors as well as to private motorists. One-way road for automobiles. Same trip can be made on horseback on trails which are among the finest in the park. . źil show herd of buffalo is kept in summer in corral one-half mile south of Mammoth Lodge, on main road to Norris Junction. Guide not needed. The auto caravan from the Museum and the formation automobiles from the hotel and lodge drive to this corral. The Lamar Valley herd is kept near Buffalo Ranch on Lamar River, 30 miles east from Mammoth, on stage road to Cooke, Mont. More than 1,000 head of pure-blood bison on summer range, but usually inac- cessible to motorists. Accommodations at Roosevelt Lodge (18 miles) and plenty of good camp sites and fine fishing. Tower Falls (132 feet), near mouth of Tower Creek, 20 miles southeast from Mammoth. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not needed. Roosevelt Lodge 2 miles from Tower Falls. Northeastern portion of park. A trip could be made to include the Petrified Tree, Tower Falls, Grasshopper Glacier, Cooke, Mont. (a picturesque old mining camp from which there is no automobile exit road except through the park), Specimen Ridge, and Fossil Forest, and some of the best fishing in the park in Yellowstone River in vicinity of Tower Falls, Lamar River, and Slough Creek. The Yellowstone Park Lodge Co.'s Roosevelt Lodge on Lost Creek, 2 miles northwest from Tower Falls (18 miles from Mammoth), provides accommoda- tions. Automobile road to Tower Falls and Cooke, Mont., but other points would have to be reached by trail, requiring guide and pack train. Excellent camp sites in abundance on this trip. (See side trips out of Tower Falls, p. 34.) [17] - MOUNTAIN CîIMBING 3 Electric Peak (11,155 feet), 10 miles northwest by trail; 8 miles may be done with saddle horse, balance on foot, and a portion of it is difficult and somewhat dangerous. Highest mountain in the park. Fine view on all sides. Guide needed. Bunsen Peak (8,500 feet), south 7 miles. Saddle horse can be ridden to top. Fine view. Excellent trail. - Terrace Mountain (8,100 feet), west of Bunsen Peak. Mount Everts (7,900 feet), northeast. Saddle horse can be ridden up from either end, over the top, and down the other end; total distance, about 10 miles. Sepulcher Mountain (9,500 feet), west 5% miles by well-marked saddle-horse trail. Fine view. Return trip may be made via Snow Pass or Golden Gate Trail. MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) (21 miles) Nearly 4 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, on the road to Norris Junction, are the Silver Gate and the Hoodoos, altitude 7,100 feet. The massive blocks of travertine, tumbled down in a most confused manner and covering several acres in the neighborhood of Silver Gate, evidently were broken off the higher level and brought down by landslides. A little farther is a trail-side shrine which explains the relation of this formation to the volcanic rock of Golden Gate (7,256 feet), where the concrete viaduct should be noted as part of the difficult engi- neering Kingman Pass presented. Bunsen Peak is on the left, Terrace Mountain on the right. At the head of Golden Gate Canyon is Rustic Falls, 47 feet high. Immediately after passing Rustic Falls the road leads into Swan Lake Flat. The abrupt passing from the frowning walls of Golden Gate Canyon to this open, smiling mountain valley is typical of the many unexpected changes that form the scenery along the park roads. On the right are the many peaks of the Gallatin Range. Electric Peak (altitude 11,155 feet), at the extreme north; then the long, flat summit of Quadrant Moun- tain (10,200), then Bannock Peak (10,400), Antler Peak (10,200), The Dome (9,900), Mount Holmes (10,300), and Trilobite Point (9,900), on the extreme south. Mount Holmes, especially, is visible from many points along the road. Near Swan Lake, on the right of the road, are rock seats where the visitor can orient himself to the peaks in all directions. Camping or fishing is not allowed along Glen Creek or in Swan Lake Flat because drinking water for headquarters and the hotel and lodges at Mammoth Hot Springs is taken from this region. Swan Lake (7,256 feet) and the rock seats are near the 6-mile post. After pass- ing the 8-mile post, camping is permitted at points designated by signs. All the streams along the road have trout in them. - Gardiner River (7,289 feet) is crossed just beyond the 8-mile post. Here the road enters Willow Park (7,289 feet), comprising the valley of Obsidian Creek, which is frequently crossed by the dams of beaver and dotted by their interesting houses. Beaver Dam shrine on the right tells the story of the beaver and their activities. Moose are often seen here. At Apollinaris Spring (11% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,337 feet, are two stone stairways, leading to the spring, for those visitors who wish to stop and try this water. On the opposite side of the road is a good camping place, the next camp site being 4 miles farther, on the right side of the road. A trail-side shrine is reached a few hundred yards before arriving at Obsidian Cliff. Here one may read the story of the cliff. * There is no drinking water on top of any of these mountains. [18] Obsidian Cliff (13 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,382 feet, is a cliff made up to a considerable extent of black volcanic glass. It is the most prominent exposure of this rock in the park. Obsidian also occurs in the red, white, and brown forms. It was much used by Indians for arrowheads and other stone implements, this being one of the few points in the park frequented by them before its discovery by white men. On the right at this point is Beaver Lake, the dam here being very long and heavy. - - The crater of the Semi-Centennial Geyser, the big geyser that erupted in 1922, is on the right before reaching Roaring Mountain. Roaring Mountain (16% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,575 feet, is especially to be noted as a late development of thermal action. In 1902 this mountainside was covered by a heavy growth of pine timber, and the only evidence of subterranean heat was a small opening among the pines, 30 feet square, on the extreme top of the mountain, in which a little steam could be seen rising from the ground. In the year mentioned activity became greater, the formation gradually spreading to its present size. Twin Lakes (17 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) are two beautiful lakes very close together, connected by a small brook, yet they are of different color— one blue, the other green. Bijah Spring (18 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) is alongside the road and presents an interesting example of a many-cratered spring. Nymphaea Lake shrine (18% miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) portrays the story of the chemical decomposition of rhyolite. The Frying Pan (18.8 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs), altitude 7,520 feet, is a peculiar hot spring, stewing away in a manner that earned its name. The Norris Ranger Station is at the crossing of the Gibbon River, where there is fair fishing for eastern brook trout. Back of the Ranger Station there is an auto camp ground. * - Just beyond the Ranger Station is Norris Junction (N.J.), Norris Geyser Basin and Norris Museum. - - NORRIS JUNCTION (N.J.) TO CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - (10.8 miles) The road leading to the left at Norris Junction is the direct route to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, but is used mostly as a freight road and is not recom. mended for motorists making the loop trip. The Norris-Canyon road, however, is open for traffic in both directions at all times of the day or night. NORRIS JUNCTION (N. J.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (14.3 miles) The road leading to the right at Norris Junction is the regular loop road to the Lower and Upper Geyser Basins as well as to Norris Geyser Basin, which is one- half mile south of the junction. NORRIS GEYSER BASIN 4 (Altitude, 7,550 feet) A trail across the basin starts in front of the Norris Museum. The floor of Norris Geyser Basin consists of siliceous sinter or geyserite, and is unsafe, so the walk should be followed. It is frequently covered with brilliantly tinted algous growths which flourish in the warm waters. The phenomena of this basin are *For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 43. [19] constantly changing in size, locality, and character of activity. The old opening of Black Growler is near the road and is now inactive. The vent is an apt illus- tration of the instability of the phenomena of this basin. The new vent (Octo- ber, 1930) is located 100 feet down the hill from the old vent and was first active from 1912 to 1926, then the old vent near the road was most active for four years, but gave way to the new vent again in 1930. From here the trail leads past Valentine Geyser, now quite active, Ledge Geyser, Hurricane Vent—a huge mud vent—Constant Geyser, active as its name implies, and Whirligig Geyser, thence eastward across Porcelain Basin to the top of a low hill, on the opposite side of the basin, from scALE OF FEET } & The MReservoir o Rock Spring *Sº Sieve Lake 3 O 3oo Tejoo Tøoo 12CO Receptacle Spring A--~~ Çay * © Onyx Springo / Q §. 31 Springso y Ebony Geyser d 6 Iris Spring & gº 3, Porcefań &e Crystal Spring Grown Crater 9 - cºm ºr °Arsenic Terrá.!" Whirligig Geyser | Spring 2 \ Congress Poo! Nuphar Lake KoBathtub Spring \ SyEmerald Spring -* - HILLS ...~ \ O New Grater Geyser - RAGGED • Miguſé Man ) yser A. O'Steamboat Geysers & Hydrophane Springs 5 Medusa Spring & Gold Springs SKETCH MAP OF NORRIS GEYSER BASIN which a general view may be obtained. From this point it is advisable to cross to the east side of the road and return to the museum via Nuphar Lake and Congress Pool. The trailside museum at Norris displays the local geologic and biologic features and will prove of real interest. From the south side of the museum a trail may be followed to Steamboat Geyser, a comparatively recent outbreak of an old vent. The texture and color of the deposits are due mainly to salts and oxides of Iron derived from the mineral in the fresh rock exposed by the opening of the new Crater. From here the trail leads to Echinus Geyser, so-called because of the resem- blance of its formation to the sea urchin, then to Fearless Geyser, from which [20] point Vixen (with an interval of three to four minutes), Pearl, Coral, and Pebble Geysers, all small and with uncertain periods of eruption, may be visited. The trail leads back to the museum past Veteran and Corporal Geysers to Monarch Geyser Crater. Unfortunately this geyser has ceased to erupt. During 1913 it played every hour, and further varied its custom by throwing black mud instead of clear water, as it had previously done. Some seasons it has been known to play only once or twice, and there is no record of its having played at all for several years. Minute Man Geyser is a short distance to the left and may be visited either from this point or the main highway after leaving the museum. The trail leads back past Emerald Spring to the museum parking space. No more erratic spring than Emerald Spring is to be found in this basin. It is often a seething spring, then a quiescent deep green or blue pool and again a violent geyser hurling out volumes of water into the valley below. The trail leads past Bathtub Spring to the museum. A ranger naturalist conducts frequent trips across this basin. Ample parking space will be found near the IIlliSCUIIIl. ELK PARK, GIBBON MEADOWS, GIBBON CANYON From Norris Geyser Basin the road leads southwest to Madison Junction (13 miles). It passes through Elk Park, where there is a camp site, then runs along Gibbon River through a short canyon, of interest due to the peculiar rock formations. The Chocolate Pots are small hot springs along and even out in the river, which have built themselves small cones colored with oxides of iron and brown algae giving them the appearance of being chocolate coated. Through Gibbon Meadows, 4 miles from Norris, altitude 7,335 feet, are good camp sites; the next camp site is below Gibbon Falls, 5 miles farther on. At the south end of Gibbon Meadows a trail leads to the left to Artist Paint- pots, located at the foot of Paintpot Hill, 50 feet above the meadow level and a quarter of a mile from the loop road. - & About 5 miles from Norris Junction is a footbridge across the Gibbon River which connects with the trail to Monument Geyser Basin. This basin is very interesting on account of the peculiar forms of the geyser cones and because of its location at the top of a mountain. These cones are more of the type of Lone Star and Lion Geyser and often resemble statues without arms or legs or “idols in a temple garden.” The trail to the right branches about a quarter of a mile above the bridge; the one to the right continues along the river to Sylvan Springs with its interesting mud pots, steam vents, and pools. - The road now leads through the main Gibbon Canyon for 5 miles. The canyon is characterized by fine views and several good exposures of glacial deposits. Beryl Spring (5 miles from Norris, altitude 7,312 feet, 197.6°F), on the right, close to the road, is a violent agitated spring, one of the hottest in Yellowstone Park. Gibbon Falls, 80 feet high (9 miles from Norris Junction), is the interesting waterfall of Gibbon River on the left as the road descends. One-half mile farther is a good camp site on the left. - The loop road continues down the Gibbon River, passing an interesting hot lake, Terrace Spring, about 13 miles from Norris Junction, and near the point where the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers meet. Here the road from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W. E.), enters the main high- way system. *- This is Madison Junction (M. J.)," altitude 6,805 feet. On the left is the Madison Junction Museum, built to commemorate the inception of the National Park idea. An excellent campground is located here. *The route from West Yellowstone, Mont, the western entrance (W. E.), is described on p. 35. [21] MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) TO OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) (15.9 miles) From the junction of the west entrance road with the loop highway the latter crosses the Gibbon River in a small meadow, turning thence up the Firehole River. The mountain on the right is National Park Mountain, where the discoverers of the park, before their camp fire in 1870, formulated plans for securing the establishment of this great playground. At its foot the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers join, forming the Madison, one of the three great branches of the Missouri River. The Gallatin River, another branch, heads in the north- western corner of the park. The confluence of the Madison, Gallatin, and Jefferson, the third branch, is at Three Forks, Mont. These streams were all named by Lewis and Clark while on their famous expedition in the early years of the last century. The road leads up the scenic Firehole Canyon. On the opposite side of the river is a cliff upon which appears what is thought by some to be the cross section of an ancient geyser or hot spring. At 2.5 miles from Madison Junction the loop road passes the Cascades of the Firehole. Above this point there is good fishing in the Firehole for eastern brook, Loch Leven, brown, native, and rainbow trout, and also whitefish. There are several good camp sites in the timber at the left of the road. Camping is not permitted between the road and the river. Near Nez Perce Creek is the last camp site till Excelsior Geyser, 4% miles farther, is reached. - Before Nez Perce Creek is reached, a road known as the Fountain Freight Road branches off to the right to rejoin the loop system 5 miles to the south. Two miles on this secondary road, a fork to the right leads to Fairy Creek at the base of Twin Buttes, 2 miles distant. From its terminus a well-beaten path, three- quarters of a mile long, winds through the woods to the huge crater of the Impe- rial Geyser which burst forth with tremendous fury in the summer of 1928 and was active little more than a year. This geyser played to a height of 100 to 125 feet for periods of four or five hours, with intervals of rest varying from 12 to 15 hours. The amount of water thrown out during an eruption was between 500,000 and 2,000,000 gallons (2,000 to 8,000 tons), enough to furnish a city of 25,000 inhabitants with its water supply. The geyser was of the fountain type, its eruptions closely resembling, on a smaller scale, those of the extinct giant, Excelsior. Upon leaving the Imperial Geyser and returning to the Fountain Freight Road, one may proceed to Old Faithful by turning to the right. The freight road rejoins the main highway just above Midway Geyser Basin and immediately below the 11-mile post (MJ 11, OF 5). Turn left at the junction to visit Excelsior Geyser Crater, Grand Prismatic Spring, and Turquoise Pool. LOWER GEYSER BASIN 6 Lower or Fountain Geyser Basin (altitude 7,317 feet) is the largest of the park geyser basins. ~ # A mile and a half beyond the Nez Perce Creek crossing the road ascends a low hill to Fountain Paint Pot, a striking example of what has been given the name “paint pots.” They occur scattered throughout the park, but the more promi- nent are here and at Thumb of Yellowstone Lake. From the point of unloading of buses at Fountain Paint Pot a side path leads along the ridge through the pines to the Fountain Geyser, which is surrounded by a great many small geysers. The Fountain Geyser was in former "For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 43. [22] years very prominent, more on account of the vast quantities of water erupted than of its height. Since 1911 the eruptions have been erratic and seldom witnessed. Clepsydra, Bellefontaine, and Jet are all small geysers near the Fountain; usually one or more of them is in eruption. South of Fountain Paint Pot the loop road proceeds in a straight line in a south- west direction. A branch road leads to the left at Silex Spring to Firehole Lake and other curiosities. The first interesting feature is Hot Lake, at the eastern end of which is a constantly playing geyser known as Steady Geyser. But the most remarkable feature here is the second lake at the extreme eastern end of the road, known as Firehole Lake. If the visitor leaves his conveyance and follows the path a hundred yards or so to the extreme eastern point of the lake, he will see the so-called flames. But they are to be seen from only two points, and should =======s 10 WER GEYSER BASIM Tſ). WORRIS GEYSER BASIN 21 #ft ES CŞ & o Rou § olone Spring Fingolº, . Gourd Thuáššº Že Kaleidoscope A º º Kºº. Geysero o Gentian Pool Fountain Geyser psydra Geyser2 & ine eyseroº o "- fleather Pool ÖV Fountain Paint Pot ~an Feather Lake Gº & - @º .*.gº si : 10WER GFYSER BASIW TG UPPER GEYSEf BASIN 7 uursº SKETCH MAP OF LOWER GEYSER BASIN the wind be causing a disturbance of the water they may not be seen at all. There is a circular opening in the bottom of the lake not unlike other vents of thermal waters. Through this vent, which usually stands full of clear, transpar- ent water, numerous bubbles of mingled gas and superheated steam rise gradually. Before reaching the surface they unite to form one large mass that in its upward passage strikingly resembles a blue flame. This continues till the bubble disap- pears in the water, only to be followed by a repetition of the phenomenon. The phenomena are far better seen at Firehole Lake than elsewhere, but under favor. able conditions they may be seen at other localities. On the return the road branches to the left, leading to the Great Fountain Geyser. This geyser, which plays every 8 to 12 hours, is rightfully considered one of the features of the park. Even during the quiescent period the beauty of its pool and the delicate tracery of its formation are worthy of close examination. - [23] * To the west of Great Fountain a footpath a half mile in length leads past Sur. prise Pool, Diamond, Five Sisters, and Buffalo Springs. All are worth visiting. From Great Fountain Geyser two roads lead back to join the loop road. The one running northwest passes the imposing cone of White Dome Geyser. This cone is large and interesting, but the geyser itself is small. - The other road leads west, and about 200 feet from Great Fountain is a vio- lently boiling spring close to and at the right of the road. This is Firehole Spring, with phenomena similar to Firehole Lake, but it is often necessary to walk entirely around the spring to find a favorable point of view. One hundred feet farther, at the right, is Broken Egg Spring. For the next mile or two the road approaches Twin Buttes, a prominent iniº in the southern end of Lower Geyser Basin and west of Firehole River, at whose base the Imperial Geyser burst forth in July, 1928. - MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN Midway Geyser Basin is, properly speaking, a part of the Lower Geyser Basin, but owing to the size of its features it has often been given a separate designa. tion. There are numerous camp sites along the river above and below Excelsior Geyser Crater. The next camp site is at Biscuit Basin, 3 miles farther on. The greatest attraction here is Excelsior Geyser Crater, which once was the largest geyser in the park, but which has not been active since 1890. The beau- tiful tints and colors of Grand Prismatic Spring, Turquoise Pool, and Indigo Pool make them worthy companions. The Fountain Freight Road rejoins the main loop road just above the Midway Geyser Basin. Biscuit Băsin (3.4 miles from Midway Geyser Basin) is in reality the lower end of the Upper Geyser Basin. There is a good camp site here, the next being near Riverside Geyser, 1% miles farther. Fishing here, and in fact all the way from Nez Perce Creek, is good, but the constant fishing makes the fish wary. The road forks opposite Biscuit Basin; the road on the right leads to Biscuit Basin and returns to the main road near Mirror Pool. A footbridge across the Firehole River leads to a number of interesting features. The trail passes Black Pearl, Sapphire Pool, particularly interesting because of alternate periods of agitation and quiet and its deep color, Jewel Geyser, erupting about every 5 minutes and noted for the remarkable coloring of the sinter, and Silver Globe Spring. - - - A half mile after leaving Biscuit Basin, at the right and below the road, is Artemisia Geyser, which has a beautiful crater and throws a tremendous volume of water when active. g UPPER GEYSER BASIN 7 A mile and a half south of Biscuit Basin at the base of a small hill the road branches again. The road on the right should be taken, as on it is Morning Glory Pool, whose beautiful shape and color make it an object of universal admiration. At this point we enter the far-famed Upper Geyser Basin, where the largest and finest geysers of the world are located in a small area only a mile north and south by a half mile or less wide. The Fan Geyser is on the right between the road and the river. Mortar Geyser is a few feet farther up the river. At their best these geysers are very interesting, but unfortunately have been seldom in eruption for the last few SeaSOInS. - - . . - - - At the left, just above the bridge on the extreme edge of the river, is the Riverside Geyser, one of the most prominent of the basin. Its period is very "For list of prominent geysers and springs in the park, see p. 43. [24] regular, ranging from seven to eight hours. (Approximate time scheduled on nearby bulletin board.) Water overflows from the lower of its two craters for a period of one-half to two hours immediately preceding an eruption. A camp site B1SCUIT Mustard r • *Springs 6. 0%uliflower Geyser %firror Pool •.]}. 1.-- Sriring wałºwº. T. “: & - 4->~ Ph.- : t) gºm pºi .#ench Spring § #Iron Springs Artemisia Geyser &estless Geyser o | : A © * ſ o º o rt a r G eyse p * Ş § A &’ --~~~~ Sº yser > - * Mastiff Geyser Round 93% 2%/4 Springs & BLACK 4% \,Ghromatic Pool * S. Sunset Rainbo ( Calida *Economic Geyser Grater Handkerc & Foo A * Turban Geyser GRAN G NS w; 10 D/ !g wº § ºr GRoué §§seF.;" Triplets Vents A {{...}, “Spasmodic Geyser bûgi"Sawmill Geyser Z *Qtery Polº, Ze - &. ~. 3% N. gº/6% V §4% - Šºšāºškº -gr oublet Hoo S cº- G Sponge tº: §e Beehive Geyser, Giantess ge pr 84 rh Hotſ º aciºde ºf w - Yºo’ Old Faithful :* F #. - ld Faithful Lo 5oo 10OO T15OC zooo-ººoo uussuu Sºft $º woustºstrine & oasins •º $ ) º «» º • & i Three Sisters º Springs t i \ \ Road =------- Nature Trai **=-- *- - - - - - - Formation Trail Old Faithful Inn ORE 6A8 Sri TiOW º pusuc” Aurg Camp SKETCH MAP of UPPER GEYSER BASIN is located on the knoll above the Riverside Geyser. Special camp grounds for private parties traveling in automobiles are provided about 200 yards south of Old Faithful Geyser and a little over 1 mile from the Riverside Geyser camp. - [25] O At the left and close to the road is the Grotto Geyser, differing from most in that the empty crater is more interesting than the eruption. From here to Old Faithful Geyser there are two roads and a path. The road to the left is the direct road, but it does not pass any unusual features except Castle Geyser. (See description under the trip by path, below.) The road to the right (the Black Sand Basin Road) is slightly longer and passes many interesting phenomena. - The road to the right turns up the hill, and immediately beyond it comes close to a group of geysers and springs. Of these, the Daisy is a powerful little geyser that plays frequently and regularly. (Approximate time scheduled on nearby bulletin board.) During the last few years it has been increasing in frequency and power. Next to it on the west is the hooded opening of Comet Geyser, while over near the edge of the formation is the crater of the Splendid Geyser, which has erupted only occasionally since 1892. These three geysers, as well as all springs in this neighborhood, are connected. When one of the geysers of this group plays it appears to affect them all. A quarter of a mile beyond, the road passes a crested spring on a mound on the right. This is Punch Bowl Spring. Then Black Sand Pool and Spouter Geyser are passed. Near the latter is a footbridge to the west bank of Iron Creek. On crossing the bridge, Cliff Geyser is seen close to the bank of the stream on the left. Immediately before one are the attractive Sunset Lake and Rainbow Pool, and to the south lies Emerald Pool, one of the most beautiful in Upper Geyser Basin. As the road leads on across a more or less level stretch it passes Three Sisters Springs and shortly afterwards joins the main road a hundred yards northwest of Hamilton's store. * . Old Faithful (O. F.) is the general designation of the head of Upper Geyser Basin. It is 56 miles from Gardiner (N.E.), 51 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs (M.S.), 29.6 miles from West Yellowstone, Mont., the western entrance (W.E.), and 15.9 miles from Madison Junction (M. J.); altitude, 7,366 feet. Here is located Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge. A general store and bathhouse are located near these establishments. Here also, just south of Old Faithful Geyser, is a large free public automobile camp ground. Old Faithful Ranger Station and Community Center, located between Old Faithful Inn and Old Faithful Lodge, and adjoining the free public automobile camp, is open to visitors. Old Faithful Museum, located on the highway beyond the inn, stresses the thermal activity of this geyser basin. A wild-flower garden and a forestry exhibit are also worthy of attention. An information desk is maintained for the benefit of the public. Free literature, as well as other publi- cations pertaining to the park, may be obtained here. Lectures are given each night in the amphitheater adjoining the museum and at the bear feeding grounds. All hikes, including formation and nature trail, start from Old Faithful Cone. TRAILS AND SIDE TRIPS FROM OLD FAITHFUL The principal motive of your visit to the Yellowstone has undoubtedly been its geysers. You are now in the misdt of geyserland, where the greatest variety and largest geysers in the world are to be seen. For your advantage and con- venience, several excellent trails have been laid out. They are well marked and pass by all of the principal features of the basin. Everything is plainly labeled, and numerous explanatory signs have been prepared and posted for your benefit and instruction. Geyser Hill Trail begins on the right side of Old Faithful Cone. It is a mile long and completes a loop. The Black Sand Basin Trail is a 4-mile circuit, measured from the museum. Its real beginning is marked by a sign at the unction of the main highway and the Black Sand Basin road, immediately to the right of the gas-filling station. It parallels the entire length of the Black Sand © [26] Basin Road in the reverse direction given above and crosses the main highway near Grotto Geyser and Rocket Geyser. It terminates at Castle Geyser, and one may return via the general store. For the convenience of auto visitors who do not wish to walk the entire distance, the trail may be picked up at Grotto and Giant Geysers, which are near the main highway. The Greater Geysers Trail is a combination of some of the major features of both trails and is 2% miles long. It is reached by starting at Old Faithful Cone. Points of interest along the Geyser Hill Trail. The trail nominally begins at Old Faithful Geyser. It is not the highest or most powerful geyser in the park; it does not have the most attractive crater, but it does possess something of each of these qualities and, in addition, it never disappoints, playing with great frequency and regularity. When the first exploring party emerged from the trees to the east of the basin, Old Faithful burst forth in all of the splendor of full eruption before their astonished eyes. It has never failed to play majestically and regularly since that day. During the summer season the first eruption after 9 p.m. is illuminated by an arc light placed on top of the inn. It is then that the grace of its folds and the purity of its whiteness are best appreciated. The trail leads from Old Faithful Geyser to the Firehole River Bridge. On the left are Chinaman Spring and another spring which bears the local name of “Blue Star.” The Firehole River derives its name from the steam vents, or “fire holes,” so common along its banks. At Madison Junction it unites with the Gibbon River to form the Madison. The Madison is one of the three rivers which form the Missouri at Three Forks, Mont. After passing through the woods for a short distance the trail approaches the Giantess Geyser, which in some respects is the most specticular of geysers. Its eruptions, 100 to 200 feet high, occur only about once a year, but last from 12 to 36 hours. They are accompanied by miniature earthquakes and loud subterranean roarings and rum- blings. All of the water from its tremendous steep-walled crater, 20 by 30 feet, is thrown high into the air. The crater is completely drained by an eruption, as well as the craters of Vault Geyser and Teakettle Spring, companionable hot- water bodies near by. Sponge Geyser has a cone of interesting texture built by the droplets of water ejected by the vigorous boiling. It is stained with iron compounds and has a miniature eruption every two or three minutes. From this geyser the trail leads past Doublet Pool to Beach Spring, one of the most delicate on the hill. This is notable for the delicate blue of the water, the splendid tints of the algae growing on the beach, the tiny reef around the inner pool, and the corallike growth of the sinter around the outer edge. From Beach Spring, through the rustic gateway on the edge of the forest, the Observation Point Trail leads past Solitary Geyser to the summit of Observation Point, from which a splendid view of the basin and Old Faithful can be obtained. The Geyser Hill Trail.com. pletes a loop trip passing Ear Spring to the Lion Group, which attractively surmounts a small hill of its own building. The four members of the Lion family are Lion, Lioness, Big Cub, and Little Cub. From the Lion Group one may continue on toward the Greater Geysers, or return to Old Faithful Geyser and its vicinity. If the latter route is chosen, Beehive Geyser, of interest because it has the most symmetrical cone and is the second highest geyser in the park, is passed just before the path crosses the Firehole River at the swimming pool. The pool is operated under franchise and receives its hot waters through a pipe from Solitary Geyser in the forest above Geyser Hill. This was formerly a hot spring, but upon being tapped its water level dropped about 3 feet and it became a geyser, playing every 5 minutes to a height of 15 feet or more. From the swimming pool the trail leads back to the hotel or lodge. [27] The Greater Geysers Trail, taken by turning north at the Lion Group, moves along the Firehole River, past Liberty Pool, Spasmodic, and Sawmill Geysers to the Grand Geyser Group. Of this group, the Triplets, which have some relation to the Grand Geyser, are first approached. The central geyser of this group, the Grand, is considered by many to be the most beautiful geyser in the ... Its crater is a small opening in a shallow depression. It is almost inconceivable that so wonderful a display of geyser action originates from so unpretentious a crater. Its eruptions consist of a series of spurts, and many of the shafts of hot water reach to a height of 200 feet. Just beyond the Grand Geyser is the Turban Geyser frequently in eruption. It is so called because of the great turbanlike masses of sinter to be found in its crater. The trail to the left leads down to the bridge across Firehole River and returns to Old Faithful via Castle Geyser. This geyser has the most artistic cone in the basin, º in general outline and detail. It usually erupts daily but at irregular 1nterValS. - Those who wish to continue on from the Grand may do so by keeping to the right past Economic Geyser Crater, where formerly played one of the most attractive geysers in the park. All of the water, which was erupted to a height of 20 to 50 feet, drained back into this crater—it was very economical of its water supply. Beauty Spring, of the Morning Glory type, larger but not so symmetrical, is approached just before Chromatic Pool, which is active only a part of the time. Just beyond this latter pool the Firehole River is crossed, with Inkwell Spring, whose crater is colored by iron compounds, on the left of the far bank. Just beyond, and on the right of the trail, is the Oblong Geyser, of interest whether quiet or in action. Over 100 yards beyond is the Giant Geyser, with its broken cone and attendant geysers, Mastiff, Bijou, and Catfish. Giant Geyser is the highest active geyser in the world, throwing its waters to a height of 200 to 250 feet. Along the road, just beyond, is the Grotto Geyser, famed for its peculiar crater, and beyond it, at the bridge, is the Riverside Geyser. From here the trail retraces to Grotto Geyser and turns to the right, paralleling the auto road to Daisy Geyser and Black Sand Basin. The visitor may turn back toward Old Faithful Geyser from Daisy Geyser or he may continue on through the Black Sand Basin. Directions for this trail are given on page 26. Ranger naturalists conduct parties over these various trails at different times during the day. This is a free service sponsored by the National Park Service. Parties leave Old Faithful cone at stated times, as indicated on the various bul- letin boards. Further information regarding geyser trips may be obtained by inquiry at the museum, hotel, lodge, or housekeeping cabin office. Observation Point Trail may be entered from the Geyser Hill Trail just beyond the Firehole River Bridge, or through the arch near Beach Spring. It is about 2 miles in length and leads to Observation Point from which a fine view of the geyser basin and Old Faithful is possible. - Self-guiding Nature Trail may be followed by turning right, just inside the arch near Beach Spring, or by crossing the bridge back of the lodge and turning to the left. It is a short trail of easy grade. No guide is needed, for all features are carefully labeled. - “Chasing Geysers,” a caravan for those driving their own cars, leaves the museum daily. As many geysers as possible are observed in eruption. Opportunity for long hikes and horseback trips are afforded to several inter. esting parts of the region. Mallard Lake (8 miles round trip) affords a view of the distant Tetons; good fishing in the lake. Lone Star Geyser (7 miles round trip) is one of the most unique geysers in this region. Mystic Fall (6 miles round trip) is a beautiful fall in a deeply wooded section. Shoshone Lake (round trip [28] 18 miles) is a fine view of Shoshone Lake and Geyser Basin. Other short inter- esting trails for the flower and bird lover are also to be found here. Inquire at the museum for further information. The bears are fed at the bear feeding grounds, about three blocks southeast of the museum, each evening at 7 o'clock. A lecture is given by a ranger natu. ralist at this time. Both black and grizzly bears may be seen. * * Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole are 68 miles (25 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton Mountain is 13,747 feet in altitude. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. Accommodations available at Teton Lodge, Moran, and the Jackson Lake Lodge. Private cars can not return directly to Old Faithful from West Thumb, as this is a one-way road for east- boundtraffic only. - - • - ‘. OLD FAITHFUL (O. F.) TO west THUMB OF YELLOWSTONE LAKE (W. T.) (19.1 miles) As the road leaves Upper Geyser Basin it begins its long climb to the Con- tinental Divide, first along Firehole River and then up Spring Creek Canyon. Two miles from Upper Basin there is a platform on the right to enable one to view the pretty Kepler Cascades; altitude 7,583 feet. * .. At the junction of Firehole River and Spring Creek (3% miles from Upper Basin) the road leaves the Firehole, but there is a branch road to the right run- ning three-fourths of a mile to Lone Star Geyser, which plays for 10 minutes at intervals of 3 hours, height 40 to 60 feet. On this branch road are good camp sites, the next being 6% miles farther up the main road at De Lacy Creek. The first crossing of the Continental Divide, 8% miles from Old Faithful, at an altitude of 8,262 feet, is through Craig Pass alongside of a little lily-covered lake, Isa Lake, whose waters in springtime hesitate whether to flow out one end into Pacific waters or out the other into Atlantic waters and usually compromise by going in both directions. - - 'l Then the narrow road turns down Corkscrew Hill to the little valley of De Lacy Creek, hemmed in by pine-covered heights on all sides. Here is the last good camp site before reaching the Thumb,9 miles from De Lacy Creek. • Soon after leaving De Lacy Creek the road comes out on Shoshone Point, from which Shoshone Lake is in plain sight and the Teton Mountains can be seen on a clear day. There is fine fishing in Shoshone Lake, which can be reached by a trail following down De Lacy Creek for a distance of about 3 miles from the main road. -- - The road descends a little from Shoshone Point and then climbs to the Con- tinental Divide again at an altitude of 8,362 feet (15% miles from Old Faithful). From this point it pitches rapidly down through dense timber until within 1 mile of the Thumb, when a glimpse of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,730 feet) is had. A little later Duck Lake is passed far below the road on the left. The road forks as it leads out toward the lake shore. The fork to the right leads to the Paint Pots, boat landing, Lewis Lake, the South Entrance, Jackson Lake, and the Grand Teton National Park. The fork to the left is the loop road. THE WEST THUMB (W. T.) The Thumb Ranger Station is on the left at the forks of the road; the house. keeping cabins, Hamilton's store and a Haynes picture shop are immediately #: The automobile camp grounds and cafeteria are on the right. Altitude 3. eet. - • * * * - - - - - 157375°–33—3 - [29] ... A path leads to the lake by the Thumb Paint Pots. They are not so large as the ones in the Lower Geyser Basin, but are more brilliantly colored. The Fish- ing Cone is situated on the margin of Yellowstone Lake (altitude 7,730 feet), a quarter of mile north of the boat landing. The Lake Shore Geyser, which fre- quently plays to a height of about 30 feet, is on the lake shore, 200 feet north of the boat landing. This locality is more or less dangerous, as the crust is thin and it is sometimes very slippery around the Paint Pots. - . A lecture is given each evening in the auto camp by the ranger in charge of the station. - * , The Thumb is 19.1 miles from Old Faithful (O. F.), 20.4 miles from Lake Junction (L. J.), 23 miles from the South Entrance (S. E.), and 48 miles from Moran, Wyo., on Jackson Lake;" altitude 7,784 feet. west THUMB ow. T.) To LAKE JUNCTION al. J.) -- • . (20.4 miles) The road from West Thumb to Lake Junction is a lake-shore drive all the way. There are camp sites 2 miles from Thumb, 5 miles from Thumb, on Pumice Point, and at Bridge Bay. As the road passes around Thumb Bay fine views of Mount Sheridan, a portion of the rim of the old Sheridan Volcano, are had to the south. Also, magnificient views of Thumb Bay, the strait between this bay and the main lake, Stevenson Island, and the Absaroka Mountains on the east are visible from many points. . . . . . - - A side trip to the Natural Bridge may be made by taking the regular road to Bridge Bay and then turning left up a long lane about a mile. The United States Fish Hatchery (18.4 miles from Thumb; iii. 7,761 feet) is passed just before reaching Lake Hotel. ' * . . . . . . . . . . Near the Lake Hotel is the boat landing (19.1 miles from Thumb) and a general store selling supplies, fishing tackle, and curios. Lake Lodge is a short distance east of the hotel. There is good fishing all along Yellowstone Lake, but especially at the outlet of the lake, 1% miles north. Boats and tackle may be rented at the boat landing. Fishing tackle may also be purchased in the general store in the auto camp ground. . . . ' - - - - Yellowstone Lake covers 139 square miles and is one of the largest lakes in the world at so great an altitude (7,730 feet). Its greatest depth is over 300 feet and it has a shore line of approximately 100 miles. - * . . . Lake Ranger Station is one-quarter mile beyond the hotel. Both lectures and free guides are furnished .. by the ranger naturalist service at Lake and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp. . - - .. . Lake Auto Camp, between the general store and the ranger station, offers camping facilities for those who have their own equipment. - Fishing Bridge Auto Camp Grounds is located . over 2 miles beyond, on the road to Cody, Wyo., and across the river from Lake Junction. This camp ground contains housekeeping cabins, cafeteria, garage, store (where fishing tackle may be purchased), picture shop, and bathhouse. Fishing Bridge Museum, completed in 1931, is situated on the lake shore a short distance south of the cafeteria. The biology and geology of the lake region are featured here. Informa- tion service and publications are available. • * . . . SIDE TRIPS FROM LAKE HOTEL AND LODGE Grand Teton National Park and Jackson Hole is 68 miles (25 outside of park), passing Lewis Lake and Falls. Grand Teton, 13,747 feet; Jackson Lake and Jackson Hole farther south. Fishing for native and lake trout. Automobile road. *The route from Moran, Wyo., is described on p. 38. t * , , [30] Heart Lake and Geyser Basin is 28 miles south by road and trail. Guide needed. Fishing for lake and native trout. . . . . . . . . " s The Southeast Arm of Yellowstone Lake trip is made by boat. LAKE JUNCTION (L.J.) • Nearly 2 miles from Lake Hotel and Lodge the road to East Entrance and Cody branches off to the right. Along this road one-half mile is the outlet of Lake Yellowstone and Fishing Bridge Auto Camp. It is 25.5 miles from Lake Junction to the East Entrance (E. E.); 79 miles to Cody, the east gateway city; 14.3 miles to Canyon Junction (C.J.); and 20.4 miles from West Thumb (W. T.); altitude 7,791 feet. Near the Shoshone Dam, on the road between the East Entrance and Cody, several tunnels, the minimum clearance for which is 9 feet 4 inches wide and 11 feet high, will be entered. - * - LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) To CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) - (14.3 miles) - - - - • •3 - Six miles from Lake Junction are the Mud Volcano and Dragons Mouth Spring, located 100 yards to the left of the road. Around the next corner, down a steep bank between the road and the river, some fine examples of paint pots may be seen. There is good fishing all along the river. The road soon enters and crosses Hayden Valley, where elk are frequently seen, and then enters a narrow valley by the side of the Yellowstone River. As the road crosses Otter Creek a branch road leads to the left to the bear feeding grounds, where each evening a fine show of grizzlies may be seen.’ º ‘. . . . . . Thirteen and a half miles from Lake Junction, and right at the head of the rapids, a branch road leads to and across Chittenden Bridge to the Canyon Lodge. This lodge is most attractively located among the trees on the rim of the canyon and the roar of Upper Falls is ever present. The road extends to Artist Point. There is a path along the rim that can be followed on foot, and a great many magnificent views of the Upper Falls, the Lower Falls, and the Grand Canyon may be seen to advantage. Uncle Tom's Trail, leading to the foot of the Lower Falls, offers a splendid view of the falls and canyon walls. ; The loop road leads to the left. In about a half mile the parapet at Upper Falls, 109 feet high, is reached; steps lead down to the rim of the falls. The first building to the right is the Haynes's Picture Shop. A few hundred feet farther, on the left, are the free public automobile camp grounds, housekeeping cabins, and cafeteria, and opposite, on the right, is the Canyon Ranger Station. Govern- ment guide and lecture services are for your enjoyment at all major points. In- quire at the ranger station for the schedule of trips. Only one lecture is given here and that is in the lodge recreation hall where all are welcome. Canyon View Drive—an auto caravan for those driving cars leaves the ranger station daily for Artist and Inspiration Points. Stalking Game—a twilight caravan to enable the visitor to see animals in their natural environment, leaves the bear-feeding grounds each evening. The time for the bear-feeding show, at which both black and grizzly bears are usually seen, is scheduled on the bulletin board at the ranger station. A ranger is present to answer questions. * t - A trail to Inspiration Point, along which are several vantage points, offers splendid views of the canyon and falls. A short distance west of the ranger station is a general store, where supplies of all kinds can be purchased, and immediately beyond there is a fork in the road known as Canyon Junction (C. J.). . . . ~ * *A*- * * *The route from Cody, Wyo., is described on p. 36. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) Canyon Junction is 14.3 miles from Lake Junction, 39.8 miles from the East Entrance, 20.4 miles from Tower Falls Junction, 10.8 miles from Norris Junction, 10 miles from Summit of Mount Washburn, 1 mile from Canyon Hotel, and 2 miles from Canyon Lodge. The road turning to the left leads to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles distant, used chiefly as a freight road. The main loop road continues north past Canyon Hotel Junction and to the left at Grand View Junction. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO NORRIS JUNCTION (N.J.) (10.8 miles) On the crossroad from Canyon Junction to Norris there is a steep hill for the first mile (altitude 8,121 feet, 2 miles from Canyon Junction), and then the road winds through timber-covered, rolling country to Virginia Meadows, where there is a small camp site. This is the only camp site between Canyon Junction and Norris. At the lower end of the meadow Gibbon River is crossed and the road continues down its northern bank past the Virginia Cascades (65 feet) to Norris Junction, 10.8 miles from Canyon Junction. WOAt ſo. FOWER FALL& VIA ºr WARHºy ºf BüMRAVE&LPAºy * * *s ſº Sºx (Canyon Hotel/º * ºš%jś Trail to Grystal Falls and Lower Falls Stairs to Lower Falls Lookout Point Grand View Trail and Stairs to Upper Falls (No bridge here) Trail to lnspiration Pt. orest Spree; G Trail to Silver Gord Gasgade F. F-º-º- H*Uncle Tom's Trail rºº FR55°; ºft 2Tº ºblºg El sº #####| § % * N i SKETCH MAP OF GRAND CANYON GRAND CANYON If the canyon is to be viewed from the northern rim, the road to the right is taken. A high steel bridge is crossed over Cascade Creek. At the east end of the bridge a path leads to the right, down the edge of the gulch to Crystal Falls, a lovely little falls that is often overlooked in the presence of the larger attrac. tions. This path can be followed to the top of the Lower Falls of the Yellow- stone, 308 feet high. Another path from the end of the bridge leads to the left; this is a short cut to the Canyon Hotel. The loop road winds up the hill, afford. ing here and there glimpses of the Grand Canyon. At the top of the hill are stairs to the Lower Falls. A few hundred feet farther the road forks. A side road [32] OLD FAITH FUL GEYSER, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK ºº: -- S5DNI （HeBS LOH H LOWN WNV WN LV HOVèHèłB_L & HB LI CHT. C Æt:AAII ， MI ulotſ 1.1oN || 1:0,1:) Jo Nsonuno;) LN IOei S-LSIL&HV WO?-- HNOLsAACTTH A H H L =O TV – X-EWAO-I HOſ3 as NNV WTHEN= II*I witHIAA sq Idriſſonotid (5) =O HAOSHE) =N1+ v H5 ſhoa H. L. sciva T AvAAHSIH = HL * -º- --- --- º -- º º º 'Iood pio ouſl din poiâOIO MOJ1s UAoiul AISSolo.Ibo V N ISV8 & HSABE) 833ddſ, LV TOOc - 3 IHO8EXA CINVH WAHN FISHING BRIDGE MUSEUM There are five museums and several trailside shrines in the park. Photograph by William Ball STONE FROM ARTISTS FOINT CHI MNEY ROCK ON CODY ROAD NEAR SYLVAN LODGE A DAY-OLD TRU MPETER SWAN This species is almost extinct and the few in Yellowstone are carefully guarded. AFPROX I MATELY 1,000 EUFFALO ARE GIVEN FROTECTION IN THE FARK They constitute the majority of what is left of the millions which once roamed the country. :HWN OH ^-} I = H | L | LI H>{VVN - HBCI HTTI WN OO6 → LT OE \7 °CITÀ）, OAW H H L NI SHED Tì-IB （H HWN VSD LSH LVH?H GO BH_L -HO HNO SI >\ &+V， BH_L f : i- i i Photograph by William Ball “I WONDER IF THAT RANGER WILL THINK TO LOOK UP HERE'' turns to the left and leads to Canyon Hotel (altitude 7,800 feet). The main loop road to Dunraven Pass, Mount Washburn, and Tower Falls continues to the right to Grand View Junction, where it forks to the left. The road to the right at this point leads to Inspiration Point. On the main loop road about 1 mile from Canyon Junction is Lookout Point, reached by walking a hundred feet out to the right of the road. Down the gulch to the right of Lookout Point is a rather steep trail leading to Red Rock, a fine point from which to view the Lower Falls. Grand View and Castle Ruins are other good points from which to view the canyon. - But better yet is Inspiration Point, at the end of this road. This point, Artist Point, Lookout Point, and the edge of the Lower Falls are the best places from which to view the wonders of the canyon. The view from each is different from the others, and each merits a careful inspection from the visitor. This canyon is some 20 miles in length, but it is only the first 3 miles below the Lower Falls that carry these wonderful colors. This is due to the fact that in times gone by fumes rising from hot springs deep in the ground have moved through the rhyolite rock of this 3-mile section until the rock has been decomposed and changed. The remainder of the canyon has not been acted on by the hot-spring fumes, and hence retains its dark-gray walls. - A short distance from Inspiration Point, on the east side of and close to the road, is the Glacial Boulder, not by any means the only glacial boulder in the park, but the most striking example of this force. This boulder must have been brought a distance of at least 20 miles by an ancient glacier and left here for the wonder of the visitor. - W There are several interesting side trips for sight-seeing, fishing, and so forth, to be made from Grand Canyon on foot or on horseback, via good trails. Most of these can be taken safely without a guide, if careful inquiry is made beforehand. CANYON JUNCTION (C. J.) TO TOWER JUNCTION (T. J.) (20.4 miles) - - In honor of Gen. Hiram M. Chittenden, the engineer officer to whom the excel- lence of the present park roads is largely due, the road from Canyon Junction to the top of Mount Washburn is known as the “Chittenden Road.” It is usually not free from snow until about July 1. Camp sites are scattered all along this road, the best being at Dunraven Pass, 7 miles from Canyon Junction, at an alti- tude of 8,859 feet. These are not very good, owing to lack of water, the first water to be counted on being at Tower Creek, 17 miles from Canyon Junction by the loop road through Dunraven Pass and 20 miles by road over Mount Washburn. - At Dunraven Pass the road forks; the road to the left is the loop road to Tower Falls, shorter and avoiding the heavy grades of Mount Washburn, that to the right leading to the top of Mount Washburn (automobiles can be driven to the extreme top and down the northern side). It is well to get up Mount Washburn as early in the day as possible, on account of the heavy winds that spring up later. The climb is long, but the views unfurled as the altitude increases are unri- valed, and the time taken in the slow climb is put to good advantage by the sight-seer. The view from the top of Mount Washburn, altitude 10,317 feet, is equaled only by that from Electric Peak and Mount Sheridan. The former is too inaccessible to be climbed readily, but there is a horse trail to the top of the latter where a fire lookout was constructed in 1930. Mountain sheep are often seen on the slopes of Mount Washburn. Beyond Mount Washburn the road enters an open country free from heavy timber, and so affords numerous opportunities to view the surrounding region. [33] The grade is a steadily descending one for 7 miles to Tower Creek, altitude 6,400 feet. A free public auto camp is located in front of the store (altitude 6,597 feet) near Tower Falls. Also, housekeeping cabins are available. An excellent view of the falls, 132 feet high, is obtained from the crest of the hill. The fencelike layers of basaltic rocks in the walls of the canyon across the Yellowstone should be noted. Fishing in the river at this point is good. The road after leaving Tower Creek passes first the towers, or minarets, that give this section its name; then passes close to a wonderful cliff of columnar basalt that overhangs the road. This is the famous Overhanging Cliff. Shortly after the Needle is reached. This is a long, slender spire that starts at the river's edge and mounts up nearly 300 feet. Shortly after, the bottom of the long descent from Mount Washburn is reached, 2 miles from Tower Falls. Here a branch road leads to the left to Roosevelt Lodge. There is a very beautiful trail back of Roosevelt Lodge, up through Lost Creek Canyon and past Lost Creek Falls. Northwest of Roose. velt Lodge and several hundred yards distant is Tower Falls Ranger Station; altitude 6,264 feet. TOWER JUNCTION (T. J.) The ranger station is also regarded as Tower Junction (T. J.), because just before this point is reached a road leaves the loop system and leads into the region of the Lamar River, thence up the valleys of the Lamar and Soda Butte Creek to the mining community of Cooke, Mont., beyond the boundaries of the park. SIDE TRIPS FROM TOWER JUNCTION AND ROOSEVELT LODGE Numerous streams and lakes teeming with fish are easily accessible from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge. Many of these waters may be reached by automobile, but others lie at considerable distances from the roads and can only be reached with saddle-horse outfit. Saddle horses and full equipment, including supplies and fishing tackle, may be procured at Roosevelt Lodge. From the standpoint of scenery and natural phenomena and prevalence of wild life this section of the park is second to no other in interest. Furthermore, its opportunities for rest and recreation are unsurpassed. Lecture and guide service are also furnished at Tower Falls. The small parties and wide choice of trails are most thoroughly enjoyed here. The following trips are worthy of special mention: Tower Falls (132 feet), 2 miles distant on the loop road between the Juno- tion and Mount Washburn. Beautiful falls and mountain scenery. Guide not necessary. Petrified Tree, 1 mile west on loop road, thence southeast, six-tenths of a mile on side road. The standing trunks of one large and many small petrified trees are to be found on the slopes. A notable series of abandoned beaver dams is seen in the creek below the tree. “Yanceys” is a beautiful place where a famous old character, “Uncle” John Yancey, lived for many years. Fishing is usually good 2 miles below. Herds of antelope summer on the grassy hills northeast of Yanceys; large beaver dams are seen a half mile west; and conies live in the rock slides beside the old buildings. At Buffalo Ranch, on the Lamar River, near the mouth of Rose Creek, 11 miles from the ranger station and Roosevelt Lodge, is the big buffalo ranch, where more than 1,000 head of bison are cared for. In summer the herd is ranging in the hills and is difficult to see. A small show herd is maintained in the buffalo corral at Mammoth. [34] Specimen Ridge, 7 miles distant by trail. East of Yellowstone River and south of Lamar River through a country covered with fossil trees and fossil-leaf im- prints. Guide is necessary. Soda Butte, 17 miles distant, is a mound that was formerly a huge hot-spring crater. It is chiefly interesting because there are no other objects, even remotely similar, anywhere else in this section of the park. Soda Butte Ranger Station is located here. . Soda Butte Canyon is a gorge of unusual beauty which offers splendid opportu. nities for the study of glacial erosion. The road to the corner of the park traverses its entire length. Cooke Ranger Station is located on the northeast boundary. Cooke, Mont., is a picturesque old mining camp, and lies 4 miles beyond the park boundary at the northeast corner of the reservation. Above it rise Pilot Knob (altitude 11,977 feet) and Index Peak (altitude 11,740 feet), two extraor. dinary mountains that were used in early days as important landmarks by travelers moving back and forth in a wholly unsettled region. The only auto- mobile road into Cooke is through the park. - Grasshopper Glacier, 12 miles beyond Cooke, and outside the park, is a glacier in which millions of grasshoppers are embedded. These insects were caught in the snows of the remote past, and have for centuries formed a part of a body of ice of huge proportions. A trip to this feature necessitates travel on horseback. Arrangements for such trips can be made at the Shaw Hotel, Gardiner, Mont., just outside the north entrance. & - TOWER JUNCTION (T. J.) TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS (M. S.) (17.6 miles) The first camp site beyond the ranger station is 1 mile west, where a side road bears off to the left to the Petrified Tree, six-tenths of a mile from the loop road. The next good camp site is at Blacktail Deer Creek, 10 miles farther. After leaving Petrified Tree Junction the road bears to the right and encircles the north side of Crescent Hill to the Blacktail Deer Divide, from which point , there is a long, steady descent to Gardiner River, within 2 miles of Mammoth Hot Springs. At Blacktail Deer Creek is a good camp site, and there is good fishing for native and rainbow trout. A trail to the right, just beyond the bridge, leads to Yellow- stone River, 3 miles away, where there is more good fishing. Thirteen miles from Tower Junction the road crosses Lava Creek, and a few hundred yards below is Undine Falls (60 feet). The East Gardiner or Lava Creek Canyon, which starts here, is interesting because of the columnar basalt formation in its walls. It is 5 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs, and there is a good camp site. Good fishing for native and eastern brook trout. At Gardiner River, 16 miles from the Tower Junction, the road crosses on the highest and longest steel bridge in the park, 2 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs; altitude 5,960 feet. Mammoth auto camp and housekeeping cabins are located just before reaching the junction with the North Entrance Road. WEST YELLOWSTONE, MONT., THE WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) TO MADISON JUNCTION (M. J.) (13.7 miles) West Yellowstone, Mont. (altitude 6,688 feet), is the terminus of the Oregon Short Line Railroad, and is the western entrance to the park. Guides, outfits, and supplies for park trips can be secured. This is the post office for visitors entering and leaving via the western entrance. [35] The road lies up Madison River to Madison Junction at the confluence of the Gibbon and Firehole Rivers (13.7 miles), where the loop road is reached.” At West Yellowstone the road passes through a level country, and as the river valley is ascended low hills appear on either side, which increase in height until they culminate in Mount Haynes on the right and Purple Mountain on the left. Camp sites occur 3 miles, 7% miles, 12 miles, and 13 miles from West Yellow- stone. There is fine fishing at all points for trout. CODY, WYO., VIA EASTERN ENTRANCE (E. E.) TO LAKE JUNCTION (L. J.) (78.5 miles) Cody, Wyo., is the terminus of a branch line of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. It is located 53 miles from the eastern entrance of the park. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages from Cody daily. Guides, outfits, and supplies may be secured here. For the first 40 miles most of the available space is occupied by farms and ranches. After this point is gained there are frequent camp sites to the park boundary. Cody was founded by the famous scout, the late Col. William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” many years ago, and is a typical western plains town. It is situated on a bench or shelf above the Shoshone River and below the table-land that stretches away toward the east. It is therefore invisible to the traveler on the roads from Thermopolis, Basin, Powell, and other Wyoming towns to the eastward until he comes very near to the limits of the town. Leaving the Burlington station for the trip to the park, the road leads into the Shoshone Gorge, crosses the Shoshone River, and ascends to the bench upon which the town is located. Leaving Cody, the road passes close to the magnific cent statue of “Buffalo Bill,” executed by the famous sculptress, Mrs. Harry Payne Whitney, and dedicated July 4, 1924. It then keeps a general south- easterly course along the river, passes a sulphur mine and an extensive hot-spring orifice, and finally the canyon walls close about the new highway as it turns out of sight of the plains. The wonders of the trip to the park begin with the entrance to the Shoshone Canyon, the stupendous gorge through which the Shoshone River takes its course. On the right lies Rattlesnake Mountain and on the left Cedar Mountain. The two constituted a single mountain until the river cut a deep, narrow gash through its center of solid rock. The walls of the canyon are nearly perpendicular, and yet along the face of Rattlesnake Mountain the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior blasted a splendid road 8 miles long from the solid rock. In many places the road passes through tunnels in the granite walls. The minimum clearance width for these tunnels is 9 feet 4 inches and height 11 feet. This is the road that is traveled through the gorge and out to the park. The Government found it necessary to construct this road through the apparently inaccessible canyon in order to provide the means of transporting materials to construct the great dam of the Shoshone reclamation project. At the upper end of the canyon the Sho- shone Dam itself is reached. This dam is 328 feet from the lowest foundation to the top of the parapet, being 48 feet higher than the Flatiron Building in New York City. At its base it is 108 feet thick up and down stream and only 80 feet long. On top it is 200 feet long and 10 feet thick. The cost of its construction 10 See p. 22. [36] was $1,356,585, but the value of the crops raised by the use of the stored water since 1908 has repaid the initial investment many times. Leaving the dam the road follows the shore of the beautiful Shoshone Lake, which was formed by closing, with a great wedge of concrete, the narrow gash in the rock walls of the canyon. Scientists state that this lake occupies the basin of an ancient body of water which existed thousands of years ago. Where this lake overflowed the water gradually wore a passageway through the solid granite mountain, and in the course of numberless centuries formed the Shoshone OſCe. g '. the upper end of the lake the road turns into the valley of the North Fork of the Shoshone River and skirts the boundaries of several large ranches, many of which are favorite resorts of the big-game hunter. As the road continues westward beyond the ranch lands, a very mountainous region appears. The Shoshone National Forest is entered at a point where the valley suddenly narrows to a deep canyon. High mountains on each side of the river stand like huge sentinels at the gates of the forest. Proceeding into the canyon, many wonderful natural features appear on every side. The mountains are composed principally of red volcanic rock and have been carved into a million fantastic shapes by wind and water erosion. Signs attract the attention of visitors to the peculiarly shaped formations, the most interesting of which are Holy City, Chimney Rock, Clock Tower, Hole in the Wall, Dead Indian, Elephants Head, Duck, Maimed Hand, and Pinnacle Point. As the park boundary is approached the mountains become more rugged and timber growth becomes heavier. The principal species of trees are lodgepole pine, Douglas fir, and Engelmann spruce. Just after crossing the North Fork of the Shoshone River and leaving it to the right, as the road proceeds up Middle Creek, Pahaska Tepee is reachd. This is an old hunting lodge, built and owned for many years by Buffalo Bill, and is very beautifully situated in the forest. Supplies of various kinds may be obtained at this point. Two and four-tenths miles farther up Middle Creek the park boundary at the Eastern Entrance (E. E.) is reached. At the eastern entrance to the park are located the Sylvan Pass Ranger Station and Sylvan Pass Lodge, and 1 mile farther is a good camp site. On both Shoshone River and Middle Creek there is good fishing for native trout. The next camp site is at Sylvan Lake, about 9 miles farther. At Sylvan Pass, altitude 8,559 feet, about 7 miles from eastern boundary, the road leaves Middle Creek and passes between high frowning cliffs on either side. Two beautiful small lakes are passed, the first being Lake Eleanor and the sec. ond Sylvan Lake, a dainty sheet of water, set in the midst of heavy timber, sur. rounded by high and rugged peaks. Sylvan Lake is 9% miles from the eastern boundary and its altitude is 8,413 feet. At this point is a camp site; the next one is at Cub Creek, 334 miles farther. Turbid Lake, altitude 7,957 feet, 19% miles from the eastern boundary, is remarkable for the innumerable hot springs and steam openings in its bottom and along its shores. These springs keep the water more or less agitated and muddy, but there is good water in Bear Creek, flowing into Turbid Lake from the south- east. The next camp site is at Indian Pond, or Squaw Lake, near the north shore of the Yellowstone Lake, 3 miles farther. The junction point of this road and the loop road is nearly 2 miles north of the Lake Hotel and 25% miles from the east- ern boundary of the park. This is Lake Junction (L. J.).” 11 See p. 30. 157375°–33—4 [37] MORAN, WYO., VIA SOUTHERN ENTRANCE (S. E.) TO LOOP ROAD AT WEST THUMB (W. T.) (48 miles) Moran, Wyo., is located on Jackson Lake, 25 miles south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone Park, on the north side of Snake River just below the great reclamation dam. The location is opposite the magnificent elevation of the Teton Mountains, 9 miles westward across the lake. Accommodations are available at Teton Lodge and at Jackson Lake Lodge. This mountain group, the central feature of the Grand Teton National Park, is an imposing outcropping of granite rising abruptly from the plains to the east and west. It begins in low elevations just south of the southern boundary of Yellowstone National Park and rises rapidly to its culmination 30 miles south, in the Grand Teton; south of the Grand Teton it subsides. Only few peaks of the many are officially named. These are, from the north to south, Survey Peak, alti- tude 9,200 feet; Forellen Peak, altitude 9,700 feet; Mount Moran, altitude 12,100 feet; and the Grand Teton, altitude 13,747 feet. The level of Jackson Lake, from which these mountains rise, is at 6,733 feet of altitude. The Grand Teton, therefore, rises abruptly more than 7,000 feet above the water. These mountains wear their winter cloaks of snow far into the summer. They carry, among their peaks and spires, many small glaciers. They constitute, there- fore, a supreme scenic climax to the far different volcanic grandeur of the Yellow- Stone. . The country east of Jackson Lake is a fine rolling plateau, thickly grown with , grass and wild flowers in parklike glades among forest patches. This is the home of an elk herd of very large size, which is separate from the elk herd that makes the northern section of the park its principal home. Several large State game pre- serves protect wild life in this region, but outside of these preserves in certain areas hunting is permitted in appropriate season and surplus elk are killed in reasonable numbers under State law. The water stored in Jackson Lake irrigates a large area west of the Tetons in Idaho. The dam at Moran is 86 feet high and 650 feet long. Its distribution sys- tem includes 713 miles of canals. The power and transmission lines in Idaho have a length of 69 miles. The Snake River Ranger Station, altitude 6,882 feet, is at the southern entrance of the park. A good camp site is near and there is good fishing for whitefish, native, Loch Leven, and lake troutin Lewis and Snake Rivers. Next camp site is at Crawfish Creek. Moose Falls is on Crawfish Creek, 1% miles north of southern boundary and 100 yards east of road. The road leads over the hills west of and parallel with the Lewis River to the upper Lewis Falls (80 feet high), altitude 7,806 feet, 10.4 miles from south boundary. While climbing the hill through the section once devastated by forest fire, the visitor should look back at the Teton Mountains to the South. A good camp site is just north of Lewis Falls on Aster Creek, up which the road turns. The next camp site is at the north end of Lewis Lake, 4 miles farther on. Lewis Lake, altitude 7,787 feet, is a heart-shaped lake, 3 miles north and south by 2 miles wide, lying to the west of Mount Sheridan. It has an extensive hot- springs basin on its northwestern shore. Lewis River, which rises in Shoshone Lake farther north, flows through this lake on its way to Snake River. There is a fine camp site and good fishing in Lewis Lake and its inlet for lake trout. The next camp sites after leaving Lewis Lake are 2 and 7 miles north. From Lewis Lake the road climbs gradually up the Continental Divide, altitude 7,981 feet, [38] - GARDINER . No RTH ENTRAN ce. ** TATION va P. o. Express *. do stores ..Garages - $ A \ RANGER º t E ore tiara * - * Pk. Gasoline Oils º st PT's. in 11,155 Coffee Shop > of Fice * MAMMOTH HOTEL HAYNE ---- *ITF ~ ^ 2. SHO AMMOTHTN3 LODGE | -- Gray Peak Bureau v.-- - Bighorn Pas I r ..., 9,10 CAMP GROUND Mammoth Hot Spri - * 10,300 T \ o Goldenv º ammſ §N Gat ". Spri Fawn Pass or. \ nsen Pk., ºr 9,100 7, V l 8,500 O - t - EATHER aké l º --~~ N ----- seveNMILH/ & S RIDGE - ---- s tg ~! Roadside VºApollinaris Spring Mt. Holmes Shrine s: ºf 10,300 / Beave obsidian cliff *...* */f.jobs Fian ch White Peaksº 9,800 camp sites easily recognized by signs. Cafeteria Stbre Laundry Bath House 1 lo To Liv/avcs Tow - N CAMPING is permitted throughout Yellowstone National Park dm specially designed Leave clean grounds for the next camper. canyon HOTEL!\ L -. - wº # Grizzly Hak (S-t like of the Woods E AUTo I # *\ Shelter - | º ≠ ring Mtn. Cabin | O N7,575 | Twin Lakes V NORRIS Museum l Orris j GEYSE J -----' B zz - M. ºf Virginia 14.3 f Cascades Museum Beryl Spring tº FREE AUTO CAMP GROUNDs P. O. Store Picture Shop Cafeteria Hift=NOEn Bridge|TFERINGERIEas w FR T ſ |Housekeeping Cabins Gasoline Oils * P. 0, Store Cafeteria vº ,-- * w JYGibbon -” Gibbon Falls Gi ison £2 80 Foot Drop nºtion N A. * RANGER M ary Lake N. Ls"TATION y -LJ3 arºs - \---- z_-2?oº Fountain ez. #36 Sy N ! - - y: Fountain Paint Pot * Housekeeping Cabins § - FISHINGTERIDGET \ Lake RANGER #!). i N NO %-7's t_º- /* Firehole Lake Imperial } RANGER TNGeyser (K TATIo *--- -> - s F.N.&/UPPER ouTiNEN54 mº O GALLATIN GATEwa Y 45- FREE AUTO camp GRounds oo: I I : N & 2/ \ OFº” aithful Gºſsº 2% º Kepler -& --- N& 2 (\ - wº | Lewis & Picture Shop MONTANA WYOMING & cº 2 o M zz 31- l W *.* Ns 3199. §º Bison Pk. - *: Elºon {Junction *:::: # 8,800 - l RANGER \ ‘… STATION * SN- º *::2. Buffalo Ranch -Tówek Fall Y-> *ºf Soda ſ32 Fodt Dro \ ** Butte ? zº - / zo S^\ - V > NO 9,4oo v Arnethyst 2^! N. &e sº Mtn. , - w …” § ~...~~ M. 7 ** ash Free Auto *o ‘so a cAMP Grounds º *S* Store Picture Shop acy osº |Delicatessen Garage Ky s' Housekeeping Cabins * o? Gasoline 0ils Ye CANYON LODGE _^ wstone Falls _^ cAMP GRounds Picture Shop Boats -\r Bath House Garage § Gasoline Oils Laundry | CŞ N -r o/~---. & Sºº- Shelter & G _º* , citi. 4,6 Uğ(BRIDGE_--~~ £3 / STurbid Lake $º • - Bear Gr- Museu * Y----- * |- ~ *s - evenson I. --> º - @ºn. XSA "*s ºf sº ſºſ z fºs, 9%o sº. SHORE LINE too Mile:S \ BRIMSTONE O N. 70 - º Springs 70 4ff/SºS ºg o - Sº wa TER surface APPROx. 139 SQ. MILES OR 88.96.O.A. Colter Pk. a Shelter Cabin TS-->=}~ Creef- Parker PK.; Saddle Mtn. 10,000 10,000 sº § _- Shelter Cabin Pollux Pik. Sylvan ~ Pass sa *~ Shelter o * º: ſ > Cabin RT LAKE In s Zºº EYSER BASIN | &: * / * ſ § sºoverlook Mtn. « - 9.40O fi' l—— *- 2–~ N. 2. `-- < X- /* ~ SN Lu 4× SS 'sanow Peak \ 8 &S sº 3,500 Sºś \ Sº N--~. # Mt. Hancock SS Shelter 10,1 N, a Cabin ( / C z Z 11,417 2^ Thorofare Buttes - # Kingfisher 7. Peak Hotels–Camps—Stores Hospital-Medical Service Service Station 187 M. To Rock springs g WE N- 11,100 \\?: * _* & Zº S Indian / / Ll- Lake ^ Lºw- N - /)—s. \ Survey Pk. ~~ - 2 -0 I %. N N N-4-fwo ocean Pass & º \ #". Peak *~, 8,300 2, } \ : 9.6OO wo \ - - - -º-, Yellow Mtn. _ !—º- \ eco º \ r--\ Ž Q # Xī’āoo Squirrel- I \ - L/ ) - / 44- *- \ - * \- _2^TS | º 44- - L-2- \ - oo --~~ \ *Younts Pk. i) # - 12,165 / \ 2% / \ 2% \sº 2% --- ^---- - zºº # *~º z"/Q Gravel Mtn. #wall Mtn. 9,645 BUFFALO 11,498 \ store-Gasoline-oils PLATEAU \- 39 ~) mma Matilda Lake Teton Lodge Y dº ºf S *o l Housekeeping Cabins ( 38 * - ^+ Badger - o & I 2–2 (. - -º-Crescent Mtn. O ... I VV - y _#"º. - Z Tº ,- Ragged top Mtn. 2 > -- sº ~~ 11,848 tº-------" WS T- - à O Leigh Laks º N- \, | - § - - Sº * Shoshone Pass I N String Lºſ 9,730 w i \ Mt. Owen ſº F. al |→T \ >12,910s-ſ --> Trable Mtnº, ſ Jenny D. S. NA £5S Alſ, P 11,075 : Grand \ | *ś iſſ/ſº Mt. Leidy sº - 13,747. 'S to º # L E G E N D Bradley L 7& - i • *** -º | /3 Taggert Dº P I 376.0 miles in Y I --> auer wº - y: - Automobile Road"; 12.2 mile, in G. r. - " II gº "A - 898.0 miles in Yellowstone **-- - "T"---- /*ss--> y / - { º O *. 50.0 miles in Grand Teton | N- wº - - - 1. - Phelps L. §§ 4. º/ Blacktail Butte -º-º: Direction of trave } - |- ~~~~ º º 7.576 Distances given are by road. º — T t FC Q- - - I TR£y - ) eto - w; < Wenº - sº Note the mile post signs. 63. 2 ~~~ SSºx \ Scale of Miles º - º _` - sand tte - -> —H 19 sº / \– -- ----- * - ". ~ To -------- *>e-400 ſ $ - 3 Sº - > * S. p. \º, Fish Lake º * ^- 7 - ish Lake Mtn ^2 W. Gros-Veritre Butte 10,065 * 7, thrº ventre Butte \ 43- - - A. 43- - r i 3 or O § r ZTK - f \ AZZzz.” GUI DE MAP 0F YE L LOW S T0 NE AND GRAND TETon N AT I O N A --areaven and Paintet, ºr THE u-a,c-Eoucoro-survey L PARKS and then drops down to Yellowstone Lake, 1% miles south of the Thumb, 23 miles from the southern boundary of the park.” TOWER JUNCTION (T. J.) TO BUFFALO RANCH, SODA BUTTE, AND COOKE, MONT. Two hundred yards east of Tower Falls Ranger Station, 18 miles from Mam. moth Hot Springs, the road to the mining town of Cooke, Mont., branches off from the loop road northeast across the flat. Good camp sites are frequent, and there is good fishing for native trout to Soda Butte. The Yellowstone River is crossed on the longest single-span steel bridge in the park. Junction Butte is on the left. The road runs across open, grassy flats, strewn with granite boulders dropped by the glacier, to the bridge across Lamar River, 5 miles from Tower Junction. Two miles beyond the bridge the Lamar Canyon is entered. Here the smooth, round glacier boulders lie piled in immense masses. Leaving the canyon the road passes up the north side of the upper Lamar Valley, past the Buffalo Ranch (11 miles from Tower Junction), where a herd of over 1,000 head of buffalo (bison) is maintained by the Government. During the summer they are in the high country and inaccessible to park visitors. Five miles beyond the road leaves the Lamar Valley and turns northeast up the Soda Butte Valley. As one ascends this valley he is treated to some of the finest mountain scenery in the park. Soda Butte, an old hot spring or geyser cone, so named by the old trappers, lies alongside the road on the right, 17 miles from Tower Juncz tion. From Soda Butte the road follows up Soda Butte Creek through the heart of magnificent mountain scenery. Good camp sites continue frequently for 5 miles beyond the butte, the next good camp site being 10 miles beyond the butte. The Cooke Ranger Station is located on the northeast boundary (31 miles from Tower Junction and 49 miles from Mammoth Hot Springs) in the midst of a heavy forest. Cooke, Mont., is 4 miles farther. There is no automobile highway out of Cooke except through the park. BOZEMAN, MONT., VIA GALLATIN GATEWAY, MONT., TO WESTERN ENTRANCE (W. E.) (98 miles) Bozeman, Mont., is located on the main line of the Northern Pacific Railway, 98 miles from the western entrance of the park. From Bozeman the road pasess across the valley of the Gallatin River, one of the richest farming sections of the State. Fourteen miles from Bozeman is the town of Gallatin Gateway, the termi. nus of a branch line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway. The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates automobile stages daily from these towns. Supplies, guides, and outfits may be secured in either place. | Leaving Gallatin Gateway the road continues up the valley of the Gallatin River and, at a point 78 miles from the western entrance, enters the Gallatin Mountains on the south of the valley by way of the beautiful Gallatin Canyon, and then enters the Gallatin National Forest. For the next 35 miles the road climbs up through the mountains in this canyon, which is remarkable for its wooded slopes, high cliffs, and beautiful streams. In this section it crosses the Gallatin River, the West Fork, and Taylors Fork of the Gallatin River, and finally, at the crossing of the river, it leaves the canyon; from here on the topography changes to gentle rolling slopes and broad valleys. At 33 miles from the western entrance the road enters the northwest corner of Yellowstone National Park, and for another 8 miles follows the course of the 12 See p. 29, [39] Gallatin River, which rises among the high peaks to the left. Then the low divide between this stream and the Madison River is crossed and the road follows down Grayling Creek, a tributary of the Madison River. It leaves the park 12 miles from the western entrance and enters the Madison National For. est. From here the road crosses the wide level valley of the Madison River through a dense forest of lodgepole pine, and after crossing the Madison River reaches the western entrance, West Yellowstone, Mont. The road from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction, where the main loop is joined, is described on page 35. YELLOWSTONE PARK TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths, the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. - HowARD EATON TRAIL - Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20 Norris Junction to Fountain. . . . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 Fountain to Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e s e º e º e º e º a gº e º 'º & e º e º a 11 Old Faithful to West Thumb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 West Thumb to Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . 16 Lake to Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16 Canyon to Tower Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * . . . . . 20 Canyon to Norris Junction *. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Tower Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “ loop” road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “loop” highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: sCHEDULE OF TRAILS, POINTS FROM which THEY RADIATE, - AND DISTANCES 1. 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs: - - Miles To summit of Mount Everts and return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return. . . . . . . . . & & e e s e º e º e e º s e e s a e º s e e 14 To Gardiner, Mont., via old road, and return. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 tº Intersecting trail between east and west sides at these points. “See saddle-horse trips and rates, pp. 54 and 55; also Personally Conducted Camping Parties, p. 61. [40] 1. From Mammoth Hot Springs—Continued. Miles To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate and Bighorn Pass Trail. . . . . . . . . . . 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 From Riverside RangerStationto FountainRangerStation, onl/ſadison PlateauTrail. 15 2. From Old Faithful: • * * To Biscuit Basin. . . . . . . . . . . * * * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * 2.5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . ... s • * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 To Lone Star Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... 3.5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake Outlet, Shoshone Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bechler Canyon. . . . . 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return. . . . . . . . . . . ... • * * * * * * * * * * 8 3. From Lake: - - To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, via Miller Creek. 22 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4. From Canyon: - To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge............. e To Seven Mile Fishing Hole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y 1 To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 6 To summit of Mount Washburn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 9 To Sulphur Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail...................... 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail................................. 4 To Silver Cord Cascade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 To Devils Ink Pot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 5. From Tower Falls: To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 25 To Specimen Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 To East Boundary, via Junction of Soda Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller ſeek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘. . 42 To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction................... 54 To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction.................... 49 6. From Fountain: - To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail..................... 15 To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 7. From West Thumb: To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail).............................. . . . . . . . . . 20 To Heart Lake, by road and trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * s e 15. Heart Lake to Mount Sheridan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 3 To Lewis Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº a tº º e º e º ſº tº e º e º ſº e º s 9 To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 To Snake River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e s e e < e < e < e e 22 8. From Norris: - To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * 8 9. From Soda Butte: +. To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction......................... 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary........ e ‘º e a s e s e 16 To East Boundary via Miller Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 32 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake................... 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Junction................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 To Cache Creek, via Amphitheater Creek................................ 11 - [ al 10. From Gardiner Miles To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . & e º º & © e º e de e s g g g 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . tº e º sº e g º e . 12 From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on #iº Trail. . . . . . . . . . .... • - - - - 12 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º e º & e e º e º e 7 To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº g is is s g g g g e . . . . . 8 To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . © e º e º e º ºs s & e º s g º s 5 11. From Gallatin: -- º To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass. . . . . . * * g & e g sº e º & 30 To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak. . . . . . . . . . ... 14 To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass Trail. . . . . . ge s & gº is ge 35 To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail. . . . . . . tº gº tº e g º e 60 12. From Riverside: - ..To Fountain on Madison Plateau Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $º s º º gº dº s . . . . . . . . . . . 15 From Fountain to Biscuit Basin on Little Firehole Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e º e e º e e s e s s To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail............... 33 13. From Upper Yellowstone: - To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 TABLE OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES IBased upon observations made by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C.] All given temperatures are at best only approximate, as they vary considerably from time to time. At 6,000 feet pure water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; at 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5° C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F., 91.0° C. Temperatures ^* * Name Remarks * - Centie | Fahrene - grade heit - Boiling River.......................... 48.5 119.3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: * * * el Terrace...................... 74.0 165.5 || Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace................... 68.0 154.4 || Coloring due to algæ. Hymen Terrace..................... 73.0 163.6 Irregular in activity. Jupiter Terrace..................... 73.0 163.6 || Largest hot ; terrace in the world. Mound Terrace..................... 71.0 159.8 #. prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: Black Growler Steam Vent........... 140.0 284.0 Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 197.6 || Peculiar “cinders” floating on surface. Echinus Geyser..................... 91.0 195.8 Beautiful spiny sinter. New Crater Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 199.4 Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Canyon). ...... 92.0 197.6 Violently agitated spring. Lower Geyser Basin: - - Clepsydra Geyser.................. 92.0 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot............. . . . . . 93.5 200, 3 || Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser.............. 96.0 204.8 Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser. . . . . . ................. 95.0 203.0 || Just before an eruption. Po. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 197.6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool....................... 93.0 199.4 || Beautiful intermittently erupting pool. Upper Geyser Basin: Beach Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 192.7 §º. formations. Beehive Geyser........ tº e e s e e g is e º e º e 95.0 203.0 || Beautifully slender geyser. . . - - 93.5 200.3 || A small spring near Old Faithful. 94.2 201.6 Dangerous area. 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. 94.8 202.64 || Very seldom in eruption. . . 77.0 170.6 || One of the most famous pools. 95.0 | 203.0 | Coloring due to iron. 94.0 201. 2 || Violently bubbling. 95.0 203.0 Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. 93.0 199.4 || Deep blue color. - . 91.1 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. 94.8 202. Underground connection with Daisy Geyser. 94.0 200. Just before eruption. 91.0 195.8 || Just after eruption '69. 3 156,74 || Most beautiful green pool. 94.5 202. 1 | A crested, bubbling spring. 75.0 167.0 | Gushing, muddy water. 84.0 183. Violently boiling mud. 7– PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS OF THE YELLOWSTONE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN Average Avera - • - ge duration | Average interval Heat of Name height of of eruption between eruptions Remarks Water eruption Feet - of . Constant Geyser..... 15–35 | 5 to 15 seconds 5 minutes. . . . . . . . egular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 1 Coral Geyser........]..........]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . £gulldſ . . . . . . . . . Corallike sinter...............!........ Ebony Geyser. . . . . . . 50 | 3% minutes......l..... do. . . . . . . . . . Vigorous and unique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Echinus Geyser. . . . . . 30 l 3 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . . Spiny sinter.................. 195.8 Fan Geyser. . . . . . . . . 25 || 5 minutes. . . . . . . . . . ...do. . . . . . . . . . Follows ledge.................]........ Hurricane Vent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . irling steam vent................... Ledge Geyser. . . . . . . 75 | Irregular......... Irregular. . . . . . . . . Plays from 3 vents.............l........ Minute Man Geyser 8–30 || 1 to 4 minutes.....l..... do. . . . . . . . . . Quiet for long periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Crater Geyser. 6–25 !..... do. . . . . . . . . . 2 to 5 minutes..... Beautiful ruddy sinter. . . . . . . . . 199.4 Pearl Geyser. . . . . . . . . . e e s e s p * s e < * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * €gºliaſ . . . . . . . . . Glistening sinter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171.5 Valentine Geyser 60–75 || 1 to 3 hours. . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . . craterlike pit............... 199.4 izen Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . . Vigorous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195. 8 Whirligig Geyser... 10–15 Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . . Near Constant Geyser. . . . . . . . . 189.9 LOWER GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) Black Warrior Springs |..........l... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Near Steady Geyser...........|........ Clepsydra Geyser. . . . 10–40 | Few seconds. . . . . . minutes. . . . . . . . Named for water clock......... 197.6 Excelsior Geyser Crae 200–300 About 34 hour... Irregular. . . . . . . . . Ceased playing in 1890. . . . . . . . 193.3 teſ. Fountain Geyser. . . . . 75 10 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . do........... Seldom in eruption. . . . . . . . . ...l........ Fountain Paint Pot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º e º e e s e º e s ∈ e º e s tº e º e º e º e e s sº Basin of º clay. . . . . . . . . . . 200.3 Firehole Lake. . . . . . .l..........l..................l.................. Underwater “flames”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rand Prismatic l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size about 200 by 400 feet; re- 149.8 Spring. . markable coloring. Great Fountain Geye 75–150 || 45 to 60 minutes...} 8 to 12 hours. . . . . Spouts 4 or 5 times during 1 204.8 Ser. - eruption Imperial Geyser..... 100–125 4 to 5 hours...... 12 to 15 hours....] Now inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [........ Steady Geyser. . . . . . . teady. . . . . . . . . . . One . . . . . . . . . . . . Plays continuously. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turquoise Pool......l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About 100 feet in diameter......l........ White Dome. . . . . . . . 30 || 3 to 8 minutes 30 to 60 minutes...| Unique cone. . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL GEYSER BASIN) Artemisia Geyser. . . . 50 | 10 to 15 minutes...] 24 to 30 hours. . . . egular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beehive Geyser. . . . . . 6 to 8 minutes....] Irregular..... . . . . Interestingly shaped cone....... 203.0 Black Sand Pool......l..........l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep-blue pool................ 199.4 Castle Geyser....... 50–75 || 30 minutes. . . . . . . Irregular......... ily. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chinaman Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . ...l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Active bubbler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200. 3 Cliff Geyser......... 40–50 Irregular......... Irregular......... Seldom in eruption. . . . . . . . . . . . 196.0 Crested Pool..................l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep beautifully colored pool.... 191.0 Cub, Big. . . . . . . . . . . 8 minutes. . . . . . . . ular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201. 0 Cub, Little. ........ 3–10 || 17 minutes. . . . . . . 1 to 2 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.0 Daisy Geyser........ 70 3 minutes. . . . . . . . 80 to 105 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200. 1 Emerald Pool........l... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beautiful green pool. . . . . . . . . . . 156.7 Siant Geyser........ 200–250 minutes. . . . . . . Irregular......... Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.7 Giantess Geyser. . . . . 150–200 | 12 to 36 hours. ...l..... do. . . . . . . . . Once or twice a year. . . . . . . . . . 201.6 Grand Geyser. . . . . . . 15 to 30 minutes...] 16 to 20 hours....| Spectular eruption.............|........ 3rotto Geyser....... 20–30 ! Varies. . . . . . . . . . . 2 to 5 hours. . . . . .] Distinctive cone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.0 Jewel Geyser. . . . . . . . 5-20 || 1 minute. . . . . . . . . minutes. . . . . . . . Beaded formation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 203. O Lion Geyser. . . . . . . . 5 2 to 4 minutes Irregular......... 2 to 17 times a day. . . . . . . . . . . . 200. 6 Lioness Geyser. . . . . . 80-100 10 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . Played once in 1910, once in 202.6 1912, once early in 1914, and - once in 1920. - §§. Pool... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beautiful blue pool............ 170.6 Oblong Geyser. . . . . . 7 minutes. . . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . About once a day. . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.8 Old Faithful. . . . . . . . 120–170 || 4 minutes. . . . . . . . 35 to 80 minutes...] Usual interval 65 minutes. . . . . . 200. 1 Punch Bowl Spring...l... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crested spring near road. . . . . . . 202. 1 Riverside Geyser. ... 80–100 | 15 minutes. . . . . . . 7 to 8 hours. . . . . . Very regular; plays over the 201. 2 - river. - Sapphire Pool....... 6-15 ! 3 minutes. . . . . . . . 20 minutes. . . . . . . Beautiful deep-blue pool........ 199.4 wmill Geyser...... 20–35 | 1 to 3 hours...... Irregular. . . . . . . . . y 5 to 8 times a day. . . . . . 192, 1 Splendid Geyser..... 10 minutes. . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . . . . . Played 1931; last previous erup. 200.48 tion 1892. Spong Geyser A small but perfect geyser. . . . . . 203. O Sunset Lake. . . . . . . . A beauti otlake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teakettle Spring A vigorously boiling pool. . . . . . 201.2 Turban Geyser. . . . . . 20-40 || 10 minutes to 3 || Irregular. . . . . . . . . urbanlike pieces of sinter in . . . . . . . e Ours. e crateſ. gº- f tº- WEATHER IREPORT FOR MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS, YELLOWSTONE PARK, WYO., 1887 TO 1932, INCLUSIVE |Compiled by W. T. Lathrop, Meteorologist, United States Weather Bureau] Length record January | February | March April May June July August Septem" || October Nº. Pº Annual (years) - Mean temperature (°F.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 17.8 20.3 26.9 37.1 45.6 54.0 61.5 60. 1 51.0 40.5 29.2 20, 1 || 38.7 Mean maximum temperature (* F.). . . . . . . . . 46 26. () 30. O 37.0 48.0 57.6 67.3 76.7 75.6 64.9 52. O 38.4 28, 5 50.2 Mean minimum temperature (°F). . . . . . . . . 46 9.5 10.6 17.0 26.2 33. 40.7 46.3 44.7 37.2 28.8 19, 9 12.2 27.2 Highest temperature (°F.) and date. . . . . . . . 46 49 55 '62 77 | 89 92 96 93 88 82 68 49 96 - 1888 1932 1910 1890 1887 1900 1901 1900 1887 1893 1887 1931 July, 1901. Lowest temperature (* F.) and date. . . . . . . . . 46 —41 –36 —25 –3 15 20 30 23 O - –27 - -41 - 1888 1905 1920 1920 1899 1901 1901 1910 1895 1887 1896 1923 Jan., 1888. Average number of days with minimum tem. - perature zero or below. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7 5 3 O 0 O 0 O O O O 5 20 Average precipitation (inches). . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.71 1.33 1.71 1. 32 1.96 1.67 1.28 1.16 1.21 1. 38 1.33 1. 43 17.49 Greatest precipitation in 24 hours (inches) - w and date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1. 60 1. 30 1. 12 .82 1.55 1.55 1. .98 1.28 2. 34 .90 1.05 2. 34 - 1895 1890 1888 1929 1921 1895 1902 1924 1927 1908 1893 1889 Oct., 1908. Average number of days with 0.01 inch, or - - more, of precipitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 13 11 12 10 13 12 10 9 8 9 10 12 129 Average snowfall (inches). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 18.3 13.9 16.2 8.4 4.8 .8 • 1 T. 1.7 7.2 11.4 14.5 97.3 Greatest snowfall in 24 hours (inches) and p . date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 16.0 13. 1 11.2 9, 1 10.8 8.0 3.8 1.8 7.7 14.0 11.2 |. 11. 16.0 1895 1908 1888 1928 1921 1905 1921 1932 1919 1919 1930 1922 Jan., 1895 Average depth of snow on ground at end of month (inches). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 11.8 11.9 5.2 ... 3 T. 0 O O ... 1 .9 3.3 7.9 |. . . . . . . . . . Greatest depth of snow on ground (inches) - and date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 26.0 29. 6 35. 6 26.2 10. 6.2 1. 6.0 14.6 13.5 | . 28.0 35, 6 1911 1922 1917 1917 1921 1928 1921 1932 1919 1919 1930 1916 |Mar., 1917. Average hourly wind velocity (miles). . . . . . . . 1 1 8.2 10.8 8. 8.7 8. 7.4 7. 9 7.4 8.0 9.3 8.5 8.4 imum wind velocity (miles per hour) and date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 || 3 34–SW. 41—NW. 43—S. 38–SW. 43—S. 45–SW. 41—SW 38—S. 39–S. 37–NW, a 35–S. a 34–SW. 45–SW. - 1917 1923 1921 1922 1927 1929 1904 1912 1915 1916 1926 1907 June, 1929. Prevailing wind direction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 S. • S. - S. - SW SW. º SW. - e S. Sunshine tº: e of possible) average. . . . . 29 39 52 56 56 54 63 73 70 63 56 45 38 55 Average number of days clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy: - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ~ * * * * - - 29 5 6 6 6 6 7 12 12 10 9 7 6 92 Partly cloudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 9 10 12 12 13 15 15 14 12 10 9 9 140 Cloudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 17 12 13 12 12 8 4 5 8 12 S 14 16 133 Mean relative humidity (percentage of satu- - - ration): 6 a.m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 78 78 77 76 76 74 74 73 74 74 74 78 76 Noon (local mean time). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 67 64 57 49 44 . 40 35 37 44 52 60 67 51 • In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 73 67 60 48 43 38 45 56 65 72 55 T. indicates trace. 1 New correction system went into effect Jan. 1, 1932. 2 Same maximum velocity occurred once or oftener in later years. FISHING To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by our thousands of visitors that the trout become educated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mam- moth, and at the general stores at Upper Geyser Basin, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon Junction, and Tower Falls. It may be rented of the porters at the Mammoth Hotel, Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the lake and Fishing Bridge. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. . . No fishing license required. The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Government in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pam. phlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a pub- lic document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Super- intendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and in Yellowstone National Park at the Information Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but the latter offices can not fill mail orders. WILD ANIMALS Bears are seen daily in summer at bear-feeding grounds near hotels, lodges, camps, and occasionally along the roads, and especially in the vicinity of Roosevelt Lodge. Moose are seen occasionally, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep sometimes are seen on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can be seen on trips made especially for this pur- pose. Deer are frequent along roads and trails, and antelope may nearly always be found on hikes or horseback trips about Roosevelt Lodge and near the North Entrance. Beavers may be seen at work along the Rangers' Nature Trail at Mammoth Hot Springs, or near Roosevelt Lodge. In winter, elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close quarters along the northern line of the park, and a lover of wild animals would i. well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. - TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “ever, greens,” or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous trees. * - Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), sometimes known as jack pine. The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timber line; probably three-fourths of the forest of the park is come posed of this tree, The pines are distinguished from other evergreen trees by [45] having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. - - Limber pine (Pinus flexilis), in the West often known as white pine. Gcca- sional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, golden brown and opening when mature; bark dark brown, rough. White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis), found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 1 to 3 inches long, brown-purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark thin, whitish, scaly. Medium-size tree except on adverse slopes. Firs. The firs have flat, blunt-tipped or notched leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree, and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid ICSII). - Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), common about timber line and also at middle alti- tudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched; those of the lower branches appearing 2-ranked because of the twisted petioles. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata), sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat and soft; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, 3-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by the protruding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other evergreen trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. The spruces look much like the firs, but they have rigid sharp-pointed four- sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and thin, scaly, dark bark. The cones are borne - . the top of the tree, and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart wnen ripe. - Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), the most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. Rocky Mountain juniper or cedar (Juniperus scopulorum), common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scale like, attached by 2's or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berrylike; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. The creeping juniper (Juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub, however, and has awl-like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides), sometimes known as quaking aspen or quaking asp. The only common broadleaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower alti. tudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” Red birch (Betula frontinalis), usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams, Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp [46] pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in catkins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. Alder (Alnus tenuifolia), similar to birch; also found along streams; usually shrubby at high elevations; leaves more rounded; bark brownish-red to ashy gray; cones hard and woody, persisting during winter. RULES AND REGULATIONS [Approved December 21, 1932, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by the - Secretary of the Interior GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Yellowstone National Park are hereby established and made public pursuant to authority conferred by section 2475, United States Revised Statutes, the acts of Congress approved March 1, 1872 (17 Stat. 32), May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), as amended June 28, 1916 (39 Stat. 238), March 1, 1929 (45 Stat. 1435), and the act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), and March 7, 1928 (45 Stat. 200–235), and shall supersede all previous rules and regulations for this park heretofore promulgated, which are hereby rescinded. . 1. PRESERVATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND CURIOSITIES.—The destruction, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or of the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited; provided, that flowers may be gathered in small quantities, when in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked, permit must be secured from this officer. . It is forbidden to remove or injure the sediments or incrustations around the geysers, hot springs, or steam vents; or to deface the same by written inscrip- tions or otherwise; or to throw any object or substance into the springs or steam vents; or to injure or disturb in any manner or to carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, or wonders within the park; or to ride or drive upon any of the geysers or hot springs formations; or to turn stock loose to graze in their vicinity. 2. CAMPING.-In order to preserve the natural scenery of the park and to provide pure water and facilities for keeping the park clean, permanent camp sites have been set apart for visitors touring the park, and no camping is per- mitted outside the specially designated sites. These camps have been used dur. ing the past seasons; they will be used daily this year and for many years to come. The following regulations, therefore, will be strictly enforced for the protection of the health and comfort of visitors who come in the park. - (a) Keep the camp grounds clean. Combustible rubbish shall be burned on camp fires, and all other garbage and refuse of all kinds shall be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose. At new or unfrequented camps, garbage shall be burned or buried. - (b) There is plenty of pure water; be sure you get it. There are thousands of visitors every year to each camp site and the water in the streams and creeks adjacent is not safe to drink. The water supply provided is pure and wholesome and must be used. If, however, the water supply is not piped to grounds, con- sult rangers for sources to use. Contamination of watersheds of water supplie or of any water used for drinking purposes is prohibited. - [47] (c) Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking utensils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park. Bathing in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park is not permitted without suita. ble bathing clothes. (d) The wearing of bathing suits, scanty or objectionable clothing, without proper covering, is prohibited in automobiles, or around camps, villages or hotels. (e) All animals shall be kept a sufficient distance from camp sites and circula. tion areas in order not to litter the ground. - - (f) Campers may use only dead or fallen timber for fuel. (g) Any article likely to frighten horses shall not be hung near a road or trail. 3. FIREs.-Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park. They shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, forest mold, or vegetable refuse, but in some open space on rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con- siderably larger than that required for the fire. Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and beds smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibility of reignition. • - . Permission to burn on any clean-up operation within the park must be first secured from the superintendent's office, and in such cases as is deemed advisable such burning will be under Government supervision. All costs of suppression and damage caused by reason of loss of control of such burning operations shall be paid by the person or persons to whom such permit has been granted. No lighted cigarette, cigar, match, or other burning material shall be thrown from any vehicle or saddle animal or dropped into any leaves, grass, twigs, or tree mold. Smoking or the building of fires on any lands within the park may be prohibited by the superintendent when, in his judgment, the hazard makes such action necessary. - - - : All persons making trips away from established camps are required to obtain fire permits from the nearest ranger before building camp fires. The use of fireworks or firecrackers in the park is prohibited except with the written permission of the superintendent. - 4. HUNTING-The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and all hunting, or the killing, wounding, frightening, or capturing at any time of any wild bird or animal, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to prevent them from destroying human lives or inflicting personal injury, is prohibited within the limits of the park. Feeding directly from the hand, touching, teasing, or molesting bears is prohibited. Persons photographing bears do so at their own risk and peril. The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of transportation of every nature or description used by any person or persons engaged in hunting, killing, ensnaring, or capturing birds or wild animals within the limits of the park shall be forfeited to the United States and may be seized by the officers of the park and held pending the prosecution of any person or persons arrested under the charge of violating this regulation, and upon conviction, such forfei. ture shall be adjudicated as a penalty in addition to other punishment. Such forfeited property shall be disposed of and accounted for by and under the authority of the Secretary of the Interior. Possession within said park of the - [48] dead bodies or any part thereof of any wild bird or animals shall be prima facie evidence that the person or persons having the same are guilty of violating this regulation. . During the hunting season, arrangements may be made at entrance stations to identify the transport through the park, carcasses of birds or animals killed outside of the park. - Firearms are prohibited within the park except upon written permission of the superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond, shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms, traps, seines, nets, or explo- sives in their possession to the first park officer, and in proper cases may obtain his written permission to carry them through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibility for the loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, or other property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept the responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors. - - - Note.—The foregoing regulation is in effect a declaration of the law on this subject contained in section 4 of the act of Congress approved May 7, 1894 (28 Stat. 73), entitled: “An act to protect the birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park, and to punish crimes in said park, and for other purposes.” 5. FISHING-Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or explor sives, or in other way than with hook and line, or for merchandise or profit is prohibited. Boiling or attempting to boil live fish in hot springs, pools, or geysers is prohibited. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended by the superintendent, who may also designate waters which shall be reserved exclu- sively for fishing with the artificial fly. All fish hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if not seriously injured. All fish retained shall be killed immediately upon being removed from the hook. Ten fish per person fishing shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, except in certain waters where the limit may be increased or decreased as indicated by posted notices. The possession of more than two days' catch by a person at any one time shall be construed as a violation of this regulation. The use of live minnows for bait in any of the waters within the park is prohibited. No fishing license is required in the park. - 6. PRIVATE OPERATIONS.—No person, firm, or corporation shall reside perma. nently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may be addressed to the director through the superintendent of the park. - CAMERAs.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures or sound pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or special equipment, or involve ing the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the superintendent of the park. - - 8. GAMBLING-Gambling in any form, or the operation of gambling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 9. ADVERTISEMENTs.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed in the park, excepting such as the park superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. - - 10. MINING CLAIMS.—The location of mining claims is prohibited on lands within the park. - - 11. PRIVATE LANDS.–Owners of private lands within the park limits are entic tled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the boundaries of such lands, however, [49] shall be determined, and marked and defined, so that they may be readily distin- guished from the park lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by their livestock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken over the park lands to private lands with the written permission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such permission and supervision are not required when access to such private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or controlled by the United States. 12. GRAZING-The running at large, herding, or grazing of livestock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Livestock found improperly on the park lands may be im, pounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. 13. AUTHORIZED OPERATORs.—All persons, firms, or corporations holding fran. chises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the superin- tendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. - - All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge, with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the name and number corre. sponding therewith, or the identification mark, being registered in the superin- tendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight. - 14. DoGs AND CATs.--Dogs and cats are prohibited on the Government lands in the park except that upon written permission, secured upon entrance, they may be taken through the park provided they are kept under 1eash, crated, or otherwise under the restrictive control of the owner at all times while in the park; provided, however, that employees and others may be authorized by the superintendent to keep dogs in the park administrative area or areas on con- dition that they are kept within the confines of these areas, and subject to such further conditions in the interest of good park administration as may be deter. mined by the superintendent. 15. DEAD ANIMALS.–All domestic and grazed animals that may die in the park, at any tourist camp, or along any of the public thoroughfares shall be buried immediately by the owner or the person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 16. TRAVEL ON ROADS AND TRAILS.–Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack animals are passing, shall remain quiet until the animals have passed. Persons traveling on the trails of the park, either on foot or on saddle horses, shall not take short cuts, but shall confine themselves to the main trails. Any and all roads and trails in the park may be closed to public use by order of the superintendent when, in his judgment, conditions make travel thereon hazardous or dangerous, or when such action is necessary to protect the park. 17. TRAVEL, GENERAL-(a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. (b) Load and weight limitations shall be those prescribed from time to time by, the superintendent of the park and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at ranger stations at the park entrances. [50] (c) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At least one light must be carried on the left front side of all horse-drawn vehicles in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear. 18. MISCELLANEOUS.—No pack-train or saddle-horse party shall be allowed in the park unless in charge of a guide or competent leader. Such guides may be required to pass an examination prescribed by and in a manner satisfactory to the superintendent. At the discretion of the superintendent, guides may be permitted to carry unsealed firearms. 19. FINES AND PENALTIES.—Persons who render themselves obnoxious by dis- orderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regulations, and/or they may be sum. marily removed from the park by the superintendent. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. NoTE.—All complaints by visitors and others as to service, etc., rendered in the park should be made to the superintendent, in writing, before the complainant leaves the park. Oral come plaints will be heard daily during office hours. Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the Government headquare ters or at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and addresses, so that if not claimed by the owners within 60 days, articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR-CYCLE REGULATIONS 1. AUTOMOBILES.–The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Government franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contravention of the provisions of this regulation shall be deemed guilty of its violation. 2. MoTOR TRUCKS AND BUSES.–Motor trucks and buses are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles, except the superintendent will establish limits of size and tonnage capacity which may vary according to the different roads and bridges. - Commercial truck trailers engaged in hauling freight will be required to secure permission from the superintendent before using the park roads. 3. MoTOR CYCLES.–Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regulations, so far as they are applicable. 4. PERMITs.-Nomotor vehicle may be operated in the park without a Yellow stone National Park permit. - The owner or driver of each motor-driven vehicle entering the park shall secure this permit at the entering ranger station. This permit authorizes the operation of the vehicle therein described over the roads in the park throughout the current calendar year. The permit is issued to the vehicle described therein and not to the owner or driver. This permit should be carried in the car and exhibited to park rangers on request. 5 ºn-re for automobile and motor cycle permits are $3 and $1, respec- tively. 6. ENTRANCEs, DIRECTION.—During the season automobiles and motor cycles may enter and leave the park between 6 a.m. and 9.30 p.m. by any of the [51] entrances, viz, northern or Gardiner entrance, western or West Yellowstone entrance, eastern or Cody entrance, southern or Snake River entrance. The superintendent may, in his discretion, keep any or all the gateways open longer each day should the public convenience make this appear necessary. Travel over the road from Old Faithful to West Thumb is limited to one-way travel in the direction stated. Travel over the Mount Washburn Road is limited to one-way travel, begin. ning at Dunraven Pass. Motorists are advised to drive around the “loop” road in the direction opposite to that of the hands of a clock. This direction is required on the roads referred to above. The reverse direction may, however, be taken on the other roads. The superintendent of the park has authority to change routing of cars if necessary. 7. SPEED.—Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accidents. Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves and in restricted areas. On straight open stretches the speed may be increased to not exceeding 35 miles per hour. Ambulances and Government cars on emergency trips are the only exceptions to this rule. - The speed of all motor trucks over 1% tons capacity is limited not to exceed 25 miles per hour on all park roads. 8. TEAMs.--When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, automobiles shall be so manipulated as to allow safe passage for the other party. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 10 miles per hour. ... 9. RIGHT OF WAY, ETC.—Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of the park roads, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle, and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, shall move to the right to allow safe passage. When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade, the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable the ascending machine to pass with safety. 10. MUFFLER CUT-oUTs.—Muffler cut-outs shall be closed at all times within the park boundaries. 11. AccIDENTS, STOP-overs.-If cars stop because of accident or for any reason, they shall be immediately parked in such a way as not to interfere with travel on the road. The driver of any motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the superintendent of the park. 13. LIGHTS.—All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when automobile is on the road. Head- lights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 14. INToxication.—No person who is under the influence of intoxicating liq. uor and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic drugs shall operate or drive a motor-driven vehicle of any kind on the park roads. 15. HoRNS.—The horns shall be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other machines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians. 16. FINES AND PENALTIES.—Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine [52] of not more than $500, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, and/or may be punished by revo- cation of the automobile permit and by immediate ejectment from the park. Such violation shall be cause for refusal to issue a new automobile permit to the offen- der without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park. 17. Paragraphs 1, 4, 5, and 6 of these regulations do not apply to motor traffic on the Gallatin Road in the northwest corner of the park. AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES SEASON OF 1933 All the rates of the authorized public utilities for services within the park are approved by the Government. Employees of the hotels, camps, and transporta- tion lines are not Government employees. Any suggestions regarding service furnished by these public utilities should be made to the superintendent. The National Park Service has no direct supervision over the rates or the serve ice given outside the park; rates are furnished for the information of the public. YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. The Yellowstone Park Hotel Co. maintains four hotels in the park. These are located at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, and Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. The hotels at Mammoth Hot Springs and Yellowstone Lake will be closed during the 1933 season. The address of the hotel company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 15 to September 20, and Helena, Mont., thereafter. . RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK HOTEL CO. HOTEL RATES 4%-day tours: * 14 meals and 4 lodgings (in rooms without bath), on standard tour of Yellowstone . Park by passengers of the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. . . . . . . . . . . $29.00 The 4%day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are furnished, refund will be made by the hotel company. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served between the time §: and the time of checking out, regard. less of whether or not meals are actually eaten. The 4%-day tour is planned primarily for those who have but a limited time at their disposal and represents the minimum time required to see the park. Visitors are urged to prolong their stay to give time for recreation, fishing, horse-back rid. ing, and side trips to scenic regions off the main roads. No extra charge for trans- portation for the park tour is involved when guests decide to prolong their stay at any hotel. Rates on rooms only: Rooms without bath— 5.00 Rooms with bath— 1 Person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00– 6.00 2 persons in a room. . . . . . . . . . . . . _s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 8.00– 9.50 3 persons in two rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. 4.25 4 persons in two rooms, bath between. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5.00 All meals at hotels are table d'hote: Breakfast, $1.25; lunch, $1.50; dinner, $1.50. Rates including meals and lodgings as follows: Rooms without bath— ‘l person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e e s e s s is 7.00 2 persons in a room. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.00 157375°–33—5 [53] Rates includin º: and lodgings as follows–Continued. t - Rooms wit } 1 person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ſº e º e º e º 'º º e º e º e $9.00–$10.00 2 persons in a room. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.00- 18.00 3 persons in two rooms, bath between. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.00– 27.00 4 persons in two rooms, bath between............................. 30.00- 32.00 Meals served in rooms, extra each, 50 cents. Children under 8 years of age, half of above rates. GUIDE8, HORSE8, AND SPECIAL TRIPS (Saddle animals are not rented to park visitors without a guide) Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from hotels (rates do not include guide service): Per full day, 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Per hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged for at hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period. Mounted guides for saddle-horse parties: - Per day of 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Per half day of 4 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 Per hour. . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1.00 Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guide are available from the following hotels: • Canyon Hotel— To Cascade Lake and return (8 miles)....................................... 2.50 To Grebe Lake and return (12 miles)........................................ 3.00 To Silver Cord Cascade and return (8 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 To Sulphur Mountain and return (14 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 To Seven Mile Hole and return (14 miles)............................... ... . . 4.00 To Devil's Ink Well and return (8 miles). . . . . . .................... , - - - - - - - - - - 4.00 Old Faithful Inn— - - To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles)................................... 2, 50 To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles)................................. ... & e s tº he e 3.00 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles)..................................... 4.00 NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. - TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH Long-distance telephone and telegraph service is available from or to all points in the United States. YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE & CAMPS CO. The Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. maintains six lodges in the park. They are located at Mammouth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, Eastern Entrance, and near Tower Falls. Lodges at Yellowstone Lake and near Tower Falls will be closed during the 1933 season. The address of the Lodge Company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., from June 1 to September 30, and Livingston, Mont., thereafter. . RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK LODGE 89* CAMPS CO. LODGE RATF8 4%-day tours: - - 14 meals and 4 lodgings, American plan, on standard tour of the Yellowstone Park by passengers of Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The 4%-day tour is planned on the basis of 14 meals and 4 nights' lodging. If the trip is so arranged that less than 14 meals are furnished, refund will be made by the Lodge & Camps Co. However, guests registering for rooms will be charged for meals served be. tween the time of registering and the time of checking out, regardless of whether or not meals are actually eaten. - - [54] Meals and lodging, American or European plan: Per day, American plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * - - - - - - - - - - - - $4.50 Breakfast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Lunch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1.00 Dinner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Lodging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Meals served in guests' sleeping cabins, h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * .25 extra, eac (Children under 8, half of above rates; children under 2, free.) A la carte service furnished at moderate prices at some of the lodges. TOURIST CABINS AND TENTS IN PUBLIC AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS LOG AND FRAME, OR CANVA8 AND FRAME CABIN8 Single tent or cabin equipped with double bedstead, bed spring and mattress, stove, wash- stand, table, bench, and mirror, per day: 1 person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.00 2 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 Double tent or cabin equipped with 1 double bedstead, bed spring and mattress, 1 single bedstead, bed spring and mattress, stove, washstand, table, 2 benches, and mirror, per ay: 2 persons occupying double bed only................. • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 1.50 2 persons occupying double and single bed...................................... 1.75 3 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Double tent or cabin equipped with 2 double bedsteads, 2 bed springs, 2 mattresses, 1 stove, 2 washstands, 2 tables, 2 benches, 2 mirrors, per day: - 2 Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 3 Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.25 4 Persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Persons not having all their own camp equipment may rent the following items: Blanket, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 2 sheets, 2 pillows, 2 pillowcases, 2 hand towels, set, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Use of above set of linen, each additional day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Frying pan, stew pan, coffee pot, cup, plate, knife, fork, spoon, set, per day. . . . . . . . . .25 Coffee pot, frying pan, stew pan, each article, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O5 Knife, fork, and spoon, set, per day............................................ .05 Cup and plate, set, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .05 Teakettle, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .05 Lºs in fully equipped tent or cabin, 1 person (does not include cooking utensils), per . ay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 čičeň under 8, half rate; children under 2, free.) In the Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge (Yellowstone Lake), West Thumb, and Canyon automobile camps cafeteria service is available. At Tower Falls automobile camp grounds delicatessen service may be had. All service at these different places is at reasonable prices. Laundry tubs, hot and cold showers, and tub baths are available at Old Faithful automobile camp grounds at reasonable prices. - ! GUIDES AND 8ADDLE HORSES Saddle animals for riding trips of 1 day or less duration from lodges (rates do not include guide service): - ". . - - -- - Perfull day, 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.50 Per half day, 4 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Per hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* * * * * * ~ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .75 (Horses kept out over 8 hours will be charged hourly rates for each hour over the 8-hour period.) : ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special guides provided, if available, for individuals or parties on the following basis: Per guide, per day of 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. OO Per guide, per half day of 4 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 3.00 * * * * * * * * * * * 1.00 Per tº: per hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canyon Lodge– - - To Sulphur Mountain and return (10 miles)... ..., 3,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. - To Crystal Lake and return (9 miles)....... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 '''. To Elk Park and return (9 miles)........ . . . . . . ............, , . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. ‘. . . . To Point Sublime and return (6 miles). . . . . . . . . .';.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Iss] ~. Personally conducted saddle-horse trips escorted by mounted guides are available from the following lodges–Continued. Mammoth Lodge— To summit of Mount Everts and return (10 miles). . . . . . is a s s a e s e e s a s a e s s a e s s $4.00 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return (14 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 To summit of Bunsen Peak and return (10 miles). . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.00 Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return (12 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 To point near Gardiner and return via old road (9 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Ranger Nature Trail (loop trip) (5 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 To . of Electric Peak and return— For 1 person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.50 For 2 or more persons, each. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.00 Old Faithful Lodge— To Mallard Lake and return (8 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 To Lone Star Geyser and return (7 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 To Shoshone Lake and return (18 miles). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 Fishing trips from all lodges, including saddle horse and mounted guide service (minimum 3 persons): Per person— - All day, 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Three-fourths day, 6 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.00 One-half day, 4 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.00 (For parties of less than 3 persons see rate above for special Fº e Personally conducted saddle horse trips around the park, escorted by mounted guides, stopping at the lodges: For º of less than 4 persons, including saddle horse and mounted guide, per person 10.00 Per Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g 4 or more persons, per person, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.00 (The above rates do not include meals and lodgings at lodges. Regular rates for this service will ; iº The rates, however, include meals and lodgings for guide at Lodge & Camps Co. ocations. - . - - All-expense camping tours: The following rates for complete outfits for ; of 10 days or more, including the guides, packers, cooks, saddle animals, pack animals, canvas shelter, cooking utensils, and bedding necessary for the camping trip. The costs do not include provisions. These rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more. śfarrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days. Cost per day per person 1 Person. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27.00 2 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.00 4 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.00 5 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.00 6 persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.00 7 persons or more. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 FISHING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, line, and landing net: First day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Each additional day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Charges may be made for broken rods or outfits lost. Flies and other fishing equipment are sold at reasonable prices, according to quality. NEWS STANDS Guide books, periodicals, magazines, etc., at customary rates. TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH S Long-distance telephone and telegraph service is available from or to all points in the United tates. . - ACCOMMODATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER SEASON The hotels are open from June 20 to September 19 only. The lodges are open for standard service from June 20 to September 19, but limited accommodations, of an informal character are available from June 1 to the opening of the official Season, and for a short time after its close. -- - - - [56] Housekeeping cabin accommodations will be available as soon after June 1 as practical and will remain open until September 25 or later. These accommoda. tions will be of the same type as during the regular season. The cafeterias will be open at the same time, but will serve meals “table d'hôte" instead of offering the regular cafeteria service. Meals and informal accommodations for morotists can be obtained from Mr. C. A. Hamilton at his Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores as soon as park roads are negotiable in the spring and for about a month after the regular season closes in the fall. Also, gasoline and groceries may be procured at approved prices. PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PARK Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.) (address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season) maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Thumb, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs of their own manufacture in all sizes and styles, including hand- painted enlargements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, a complete line of photographic supplies and guidebooks; and have laboratories in the park for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs for travelers. 8CHEDULE OF RATES OF THE AUTHORIZED PHOTOGRAPHER Albums of pictures: Masterpieces album, 12 by 13, 12 colored prints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.00 Treasures album, 8 by 10, 20 colored prints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 Souvenir album, 8 by 10, 30 colored prints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 Wonderland domain of bears album, 54 sepia views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .35 :* plain album, 7 by 9, 40 plain views. . . . . . ‘. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . 20 S: Discovery of Yellowstone Park—1870, Langford 75 cents; de luxe. . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Foolish Questions, by Jack Chaney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Haynes Guide Book of Yellowstone National Park, poster cover, 75 cents; deluxe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.25 . Maw's Vacation, by Emerson Hough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Trees and Flowers of Yellowstone National Park, by F. E. A. Thone. . . . . . . . .60 Yellowstone National Park, by H. M. Chittenden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Pictures and pictorial souvenirs: Calendars, pictorial, up from... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Colorgraphs, set of 12, 10 by 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Colorgravures, 5 by 8 to 22 by 28. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25–5.00 Decks of playing cards and games. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75–1.00 Etchings, up from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Gems and scenic gems folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Lantern slides, hand-painted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Set of 100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.00 Photographs, black and white, 4 by 5 to 16 by 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 10–3.50 Photographs, sepia, 5 by 8 to 40 by 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75–25.00 Pictures, hand-painted, 2 by 5% to 40 by 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50–50.00 Souvenir folders, 18 to 24 views in color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * . 10-.12% Souvenir post cards; 3 for 5 cents to 2 for 5 cents; set of 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50–.75 Souvenir miniatures, sets of 12: - - lain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Colored. . . . . . . . . . e is e º e º e º 'º e e s e is e s e < * g º a **, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .25 Souvenir place cards, sets of 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50 Souvenir stationery, Old Faithful etching, box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Sylvanart etchings in wood, colored and plain; up from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 X- Transparencies, hand-painted 7 by 10 to 12 by 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.95–19.85. Other items including empty albums, books by other publishers, etchings, frames, maps, paintings, sand souvenirs, pictorial souvenirs, lithographs, photographic apparatus and supplies, kodaks, cameras, photo finishing, artists' materials, pastels, engravings, pictures of all kinds, at current prices. * [57] STORES AND NEWS STANDS - At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Pryor and Trischman, who also maintain a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a com: bined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a , combined lunch room and cafeteria. At Old Faithful Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates two general stores, one near the hotel and the other in the public auto camp for campers. At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Pryor and Trischman conduct the general store that serves the Canyon district. At Tower Falls a general store and lunch room is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. In all of the general stores, in addition to complete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, tobacco, smokers' supplies, etc. - In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers' supplies, etc., are also available. All store and news-stand charges are reasonable and subject to control by the park superintendent. Stores are open before and after park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. Before and after park season lodging and meals are available at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge stores. WOOD FOR FUEL The Yellowstone Park Fuel Co. operates wood yards in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenientsize are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. . One bundle of wood approximately 12 inches long by 14 inches in diameter with fire starter and book of matches, 25 cents. - TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK Under a franchise from the Department of the Interior, the Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. operates on the main park highways a line of specially built Lincoln touring cars and 11-passenger White automobiles. This line is under the strict regulation of the Government as to the type of service it renders to the public and the rates that it is permitted to charge for such service. It operates as a public utility, and may be compared to a street-car system in a city. Each day during the park season, regardless of weather or volume of travel, this transportation line meets all incoming and outgoing trains at the various park gateways. The address of the company is Yellowstone Park, Wyo., between June 15 and September 20; thereafter, Helena, Mont. - Four and one-half days represent the minimum time required for a sight-seeing tour of Yellowstone National Park. - Refunds will be made for services paid for but not furnished, except that no refund will be made for transportation on account of loop trips where the pas’ senger has been transported to Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Dunraven Pass, and Mammoth or Norris. - . - . º The tour can profitably be extended to a week, two weeks, or longer, giving time for recreation, fishing, mountain climbing, and other sports, and side trips to the scenic regions of the main roads. Stop-overs are encouraged. There is no additional transportation expense. . . . . . . . - [58] RATES OF YELLOWSTONE PARK TRANSPORTATION CO. PARK TOUR From any entrance, tour of park, including Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Canyon, Dunraven Pass, and Mammoth or Norris, and back to the same entrance, or to any other entrance. . $25.00 Note.—The $25 transportation rate for the standard tours, which include Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander #. applies only in connection with authorized paid rail tickets of Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway, Northern Pacific Railway, and Chicago & North Western Railway. Via Cody in either direction, Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway pas- sengers must hold paid railroad tickets to or from Cody, Wyo.; otherwise extra auto fare from Cody to eastern entrance of the park, or vice versa, is $2.25. Via Gallatin, . Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; otherwise extra auto fare Gallatin Gateway to west entrance to park, West Yellowstone, or vice versa, is $4. Via Bozeman, Northern Pacific Railway passengers must hold paid rail tickets to or from Bozeman, Mont.; otherwise extra auto fare from Bozeman to west entrance to the park, West Yellow, stone, or vice versa, is $5. Via Lander, Chicago & North Western Railway passengers must hold rail tickets from east of O'Neill, Nebr.; otherwise extra auto fare from Lander to south entrance of park, or vice versa, is $16.50. On regular park tour, cars will be routed over top of Mount Washburn, each passenger, extra • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * On regular park tour, passengers holding in Gardiner out Cody (G-C), or in Gardiner out West Yellowstone (G-W) tickets may make round trip from Grand Canyon to Roosevelt Lodge, going via Dunraven Pass and returning via Mammoth Hot Springs and Norris, each passenger, extra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On regular park tour, passengers leaving Old Faithful may continue same day from Lake to Canyon, provided accommodations are available at Canyon, each passenger, extra... regular park tour, from Old Faithful to foot of Jackson Lake in Teton Mountain region (Jackson Hole) and return to Lake Hotel and Lodge, each passenger, extra t; LOCAL FARES FOR 8LDE TRIPS (On busses not operating in connection with park tours) From Mammoth: Terraces and Buffalo Corral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * s e s e a s • e º a Around Bunsen Peak, via Golden Gate and Osprey Falls From Old Faithful: Hurry trips to geysers Black Sand Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... Lone Star Geyser From Canyon: Top of Mount Washburn and return Either side of canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... Bear feeding ground and return • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s a e e s e e s e e a e s - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * e s e s a e s a e s - a • • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s e º n - a w • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * RATES FOR CHILDREN Children under 12 years of age, one-half rates for all tours and trips scheduled above. BAGGAGE-TRUNK8 - Transportation of trunks between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs in each direc, tion, each trunk - Liability of transportation company for loss of trunk in park is limited to $100, but trunks may be insured for larger amounts. - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s e º 'º e º 'º - e - e º e º e º 'º e s a e º e e º a e º e º e - SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE SERVICE 2.00 5.00 5.00 12.50 1.00 Special Lincoln touring cars for complete tours—$25 per day, in addition to a minimum of 5 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time the car is taken at park entrance until release of car at exit gateways, railway terminal, or station in the park. This charge does not include service beyond Fº covered by regular busses of the company. Specia 11-passenger busses for complete tour, $35 per day in addition to a minimum of 10 fares at $25 each. Per diem charge starts from the time bus is taken at park entrance until release of bus at exit gateway, railway terminal, or station in the park. [59] 6-passenger touring cars for short trips in the vicinity of the various hotels and lodges, when available for such service, maximum charge per hour......................... e Storage, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 GA80LINE, OIL, ETC. Gasoline, oil, garage repair service, and a limited supply of parts and accessories of various kinds are available at prices subject to control by the park superintendent. BOAT SERVICE ON YELLOWSTONE LAKE The Yellowstone Park Boat Co., under contract with the department, main- tains and operates speed, power, and row boats on Yellowstone Lake. The service on this lake is not a part of the regular transportation of the park, and an extra charge is made, as shown in the schedule below. RATES OF THE YELLOWSTONE PARK BOAT CO. SPEED BOAT8 Thumb of Lake to dock near Lake Hotel, per passenger. . . . . . ....................... $2.50 Southeast arm and return, per passenger (minimum 10 fares)......................... 3.00 Half-hour trips, per passenger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 POWER BOATS 16-foot and 18-foot launches: Per day (price includes use of fishing tackle). ................... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 20.00 Per hour (price includes use of fishing tackle)................................... 3.50 ROWBOAT8 - O Per day, 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Per hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s e e s a e s - - - - e s s : * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * .50 Rowboats can be secured at dock near Lake Hotel, from dock at West Thumb, and at Fishing Bridge. - Rowboats EQUIPPED WITH MOTOR8 Per day, 8 hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Per hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Boat rental and services of motor boat and attendants' time commence at time of leaving the dock until return; or if boat is engaged in advance, charges start from time for which boat is engaged. FISHING TACKLE Outfit, consisting of rod, reel, and landing net, per day. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Same, free to each individual hiring launches. Charges may be made for broken rods or lost outfit at regular price. Flies and fishing accessories sold at regular prices, according to quality. BATHEHOUSES (Henry P. Brothers, proprietor) SWIMMING POOL-UPPER GEYSER BASIN Swimming Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * * * * * * $0.25 (No charge for children less than 5 years of age when accompanied by one or more pay atherS. Use of bathing suit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Use of towel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Use of inflated floats. . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tub bath (including towel and soap)............................................. 50 ap3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-.50 tº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Shoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 OLD FAITHFUL AND FISHING BRIDGE AUTOMOBILE CAMP GROUNDS Tub bath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.50 Showers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Laundry tubs, per hour or fraction thereof. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Electric irons, per hour or fraction thereof......................................... .25 RATES FOR OTHER SERVICES Approved rates for side trips within the park, barber shop and baths at hotels and camps, and telephone and telegraph services between points in the parks, are on file with the superintendent PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CAMPING PARTIES DUDE (TOURIST) RANCHES The trail of the summer vacationist has deviated during the last decade from the old familiar courses and now opens into a newly exploited region of the West, the new summer playground of America, which embraces vast areas in Wyoming and Montana. A veritable invasion of eastern visitors has followed the opening of this beautiful country which offers the vacationist, known in the ; of men of the range as “dude,” a solution for the summer vacation problem. Located in the mountainous regions of these two far Western States, on the last frontier, are the “dude” ranches, the quarters of the summer vacationist. These ranches are established in the mouths of canyons, among foothills, or in clearings in the forest. The dude ranches are not pretentious places, but are rustic and unique. Composed of little groups of cabins, corrals, and bunk houses, all of which are familiar to the native westerner, they are established as permanent lodges. In addition to the regular ranch work arrangements are made to care for a number of visitors each summer, and in this way they serve to perpetuate the spirit, the glamour, and the romance of the old West. Their popularity began in 1904, when Howard, Willis, and Alden Eaton established the now famous Eaton Brothers “Dude Ranch” at Wolf, Wyo. Many of these ranches are situated in territory within easy access to Yellow, stone Park. Entering Wyoming from the east, the first of them are found near Sheridan and Buffalo. North .# Sheridan, in the Birney (Mont.) ranch district, are many more. As the visitor journeys westward toward the park many more dude ranches are discovered, some of them near Cody, Wyo., the eastern entrance to the Yellowstone. Within a day's motor trip from the southern entrance of the Yellowstone, near the new Grand Teton National Park, are the Dubois (Wyo.) dude ranches and those of the famous Jackson Hole. North of Yellowstone Park and west as far as Glacier National Park are scores of dude ranches, all within a day's motor trip to both parks. Southern Montana is the location of most of these, and Big Timber, Livingston, and Bozeman are the tourist centers of the State. Other ranches are located near Rosebud and the Crow and Cheyenne Indian Reservations in southeastern Montana. Many have traveled the world seeking adventure and romance in far-away places, but in this historic old cattle country they have found a freedom and naturalness in the great outdoors that is unequaled. CAMPING PARTIES WITH LICENSED GUIDES Several villages near the park boundaries are headquarters for guides and out- fitters with whom arrangements can be made for saddle-horse and pack-train trips through the park. [61] The names and addresses of these guides and outfitters can be obtained by addressing the Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone Park, Wyo. - LITERATURE AND MAPS GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Yellowstone National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. - DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written application to the Director of the National Park Service or by personal application to the Gov. ernment information office at Mammoth or the Old Faithful or Fishing Bridge Museums: Motorists' Guide—Yellowstone National Park. Distributed in park only. Shows the park road system, hotels, lodges, free public auto camp grounds, garages, superintendent's office, routes to the park, etc. Also contains the automobile regulations and information for the motorist and camper Map of National Parks and Monuments. Shows location of all the national parks and monuments administered by the National Park Service and all railroad routes to these reservations Glimpses of our National Parks. 66 pages, including illustrations. Contains descriptions of the most important features of the principal national parks. Glimpses of Our National Monuments. Contains 74 pages, including 33 illustrations. A pamphlet containing brief descriptions of the national monuments administered by the Department of the Interior. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices given, postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash: National Parks Portfolio, by Robert Sterling Yard. Sixth edition. 274 pages, including 312 illustrations. Bound securely in cloth, $1.00.” Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one larger chapter devoted to other national parks and monuments. Canyon Automobile Camp, Yellowstone National Park, by Isador W. Mendelsohn. 12 pages. Price, 5 cents. Illustrated pamphlet dealing with the Canyon Camp from a sanitation point of view. Reprint No. 1019 from É. Health Service Reports, June 12, 1925. . Early History of Yellowstone National Park and its relation to national park policies, by Louis C. Cramton, 1932. 148 pages. 10 cents. Covers Folsom-Cook Expedition of 1869, Washburn. Doane Expedition of 1870, Hayden Expedition of 1871, etc. Conservation in the Department of the Interior, by Ray Lyman Wilbur and William Atherton DuPuy. 253 pages, including 159 illustrations and maps. $1.00.” Geological History of Yellowstone National Park, by Arnold Hague, 24 pages, including 10 illus, trations, 10 cents.” This pamphlet contains a general résumé of the geologic forces that have been active in the Yellowstone National Park. Geysers of Yellowstone National Park, by Walter Harvey Weed, 32 pages, including 23 illustra, tions, 10 cents.” . . In this pamphlet is a description of the forces which have produced the geysers, and the geysers of the Yellowstone are compared with those in Iceland and New Zealand. . • Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park, by F. H. Knowlton, 32 pages, including 15 illus. trations, 10 cents.15 This pamphlet contains descriptions of the fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park and an account of their origin. -- 15 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but these offices can not fill mail orders. [62] Fº of the Yellowstone National Park, by Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. (Bureau of Fisheries Document 904.) 30 pages, including 16 illustrations, 5 cents.” Contains description of the park waters and notes on fishing. . Guidebook of the Western United States, Part A, The Northern Pacific Route, with a side trip to Yellowstone Park, by M. R. Campbell and others. (Bulletin 611, U.S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 212 pages, 27 route maps, 27 plates, 39 text figures. Price, $1.00.” This volume deals with the country along the Northern Pacific Railway from St. Paul to Seattle and along the branch line to Yellowstone Park. - Guidebook of the Western United States, Part B, The Overland Route, with a side trip to Yellow. stone Park, by W. T. Lee, R. W. Stone, H. S. Gale, and others. (Bulletin 612, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 244 pages, 29 route maps, 50 plates, 20 text figures. Price, $1.00.” A handbook for the traveler which deals not only with the geology but with the natural resources, history, and devel. opment of the country between Omaha and San Francisco. Circulars of general information similar to this regarding the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C.: - Acadia National Park. Lassen Volcanic National Park. Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Mesa Verde National Park. Crater Lake National Park. Mount McKinley National Park. Glacier National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Teton National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Wind Cave National Park. • Hawaii National Park. Yosemite National Park. Hot Springs National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks. REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F. J. “Oh, Ranger!” A book about the National Parks. Stanford University Press. 1928. 178 pages, illustrated. ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. A biography. Price $12.50. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. BALEy, VERNON. Animal Life of Yellowstone Park. 241 pages, 1930, Chas. C. Thomas, Spring. field, Ill. Price, $2.50. BARNES, O. P. Fly Fishing in Wonderland, by Klahowya, 1910, 56 pp., illustrated. BRYCE, JAMEs. University and historical addresses. 1913. 433 pp. National parks—The need of the future, on pp. 389–406. - BURROUGHS, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. - . CHANEY, Jack. Foolish Questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth edition, 1929. 94 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents. CHITTENDEN, H. M. The Yellowstone National Park, historical and descriptive, 1927. Published by Stanford University Press, Berkeley, Calif. 286 pp., illustrated, revised. Price, $3.00. DUNRAven, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. A good description of the park in its early days. Evarts, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. Evarts, HALL G. The Cross Pull. 1920. 273 pp. Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York. FARIs, JoHN T. Roaming the Rockies. Farrar & Rinehart. 333 pp., illustrated, 1930. Yellowstone on pp. 3 to 38. 1 May be purchased by personal application to the Information Office at Mammoth Hot Springs or at Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but these offices can not fill mail orders. [63] FARNsworth, FRANCEs Joyce. Cubby in Wonderland. 140 pages, illustrated. The Abingdon Press, New York, Price, $1. FAyquhar, FRANCIs P. Reading Up on the Yellowstone. Free pamphlet published and distributed by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. FITzGERALD, LA VERNE H. Black Feather. Trapper Jim's Fables of Sheepeater Indians in the Yellowstone. The Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho. FoRDyce, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. FREEMAN, Lewis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published by Dodd, Mead & Co. FROTHINGHAM, Robert. Trails Through the Golden West, Robert M. McBride and Company, New York. - Hawkins, P. H. The Trees and Shrubs of Yellowstone National Park. 1924. 125 pp., illustrated. Published by the Collegiate Press, George Banta Publishing Co., Menasha, Wis. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents, postpaid. - HAYNES, Jack E. Guide to the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., each year. 192 pp., illustrated. Price, 75 cents and $1.25. HENRIKSSON, FRITz. Med. Sveriges Kronprinspar Genoma Amerika. Story of visit of Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden to the United States. 1926. P. A. Norstedt and Söner. Yellowstone on pp. 230-252. HoLMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. - Yellowstone on pp. 5–112. - Hough, EMERSON. Maw's Vacation in the Yellowstone. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Third edition, 1929. 70 pp., illustrated. Price, 50 cents. JACKSON, WM. H., and Howard R. DRIGGs. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illus. trated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. Yellowstone in chapters 7, 8, and 19. . . . JEFFERs, LB Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published by Dodd, Meade & Co., New York. - Yellowstone on pp. 27–35. KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Pub. * lished by Frederick Gumbrecht. - - Yellowstone on pp. 189–202. KELLEY, EDGEMOND, and CHICK. Three Scout Naturalists in the National Parks. Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1931. $1.75. - - KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. LANGFORD, NATHANIEL P. Discovery of the Yellowstone, 1870. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn., 1905, reprinted 1923, 188 pp., illustrated. Price 75 cents and $1.50. A good account of one of the early expeditions to the park, - Lewis, SINCLAIR. Free Air. Story of a motor tour across Northern States, including trip through Yellowstone Park. MILLs, ENOs A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton-Mifflin Co. 1917. Yellowstone on pp. 3–64, 433–443. The Grizzly. 1921. Published by Houghton-Mifflin Co. MUIR, John. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 37-75. MURPHY, THOMAs D. Three Wonderlands of the American West. 1912. 180 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 1–58. - QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. . QUINN, VERNoN. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. Yellowstone on pp. 215-229. - Rolfe, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. - Yellowstone on pp. 243-297, [64] RyDBERG, Per Axel. Catalogue of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. SANDERs, H. F. History of Montana, vol. 1, 1913. 847 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 650-684. Sawyer, EDMUND J. Poems of Nature and Wild Life. 74 pages, illustrated, 1930. $1.50. SchAUFFLER, R. H. Romantic America. 1913. 339 pp. Yellowstone on pp. 134-160. - - SENN, Nicholas. Our National Recreation Parks. 1904. 147 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 17-92. Notes on fauna in addition to descriptive matter. . . SETON, ERNEST THoMPson. Life Histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. - Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. Wild Animals at Home. 1913. 226 pp., 8 vols., with sketches and photographs. In º: Mr. Seton gives, for the first time, his personal adventures in studying wild animals, especially in the Yellow. Stone Park. -The Biography of a Grizzly 1903. 124 pp., illustrated. Published by The Century Co., New York. SKINNER, M. P. Birds of the Yellowstone. 1923. Illustrated. Price, $1. The Yellowstone Nature Book. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1924. 229 pp., illustrated. Price, $1.25. Bears of the Yellowstone. Published by A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Ill. 1925. 151 pp., illustrated. Price, $1.25. The American Antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price, 25 cents. The Story of the Whitebar Elk. 1923. Price, 15 cents. SMITH, F. DUMONT. Book of a Hundred Bears. 1909. 233 pp., illustrated. For sale by the Yellowstone Park Lodge Co. - SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. Published by G. P. Putnam's Sons. - STODDARD, JoHN L. Lectures, vol. 10. Southern California, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. Yellowstone National Park. 1911. 304 pp., illustrated. Yellowstone on pp. 207–304. STRAHORN, C. A. Fifteen Thousand Miles by Stage. 1911. 693 pp., illustrated. Early days in Yellowstone, pp. 254–286. THONE, FRANK E. A. Trees and Flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Second edition, 1929. 92 pp., illustrated. Price, 60 cents. ToMLINson, EveRETT TITsworth. Four Boys in the Yellowstone. 1906. 399 pp., illustrated. UNITED STATES GeoLogical SURVEY. Monograph 32, part 2, descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology of the Yellowstone National Park. Out of print. Geologic Folio No. 30, containing topographic and geologic maps of the park and a descrip- tion of the geology. Out of print. - VINTON, STALLo. John Colter, Discoverer of Yellowstone Park. 1926. An account of his 1807 explorations. Edw. Eberstadt, New York, publisher. - WARREN, EDwARD R. The Beaver. No. 2. 177 pp., illustrated. Price, $3. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October, 1926. WILEY, WILLIAM. H. and SARAH K. The Yosemite, Alaska, and the Yellowstone. 1893. 230 pp., illustrated. - - Yellowstone on pp. 205–230. WRIGHT, WILLIAM H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. The Black Bear. Scribner's. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. [65] A D * ISLE Roy Aſt NATIONAL PARK VERENDRYE N.M. PROJECT -: w- A- ” o N + A N N O R T H A O D A K O T A LE 00 WIS AND CLARK CAVERN N. M. L/ MALIONA C. 2. - AVA S U T H # Shoshone O 2. CAVERN N. M. # DEVILs TOWER N. M. - ſº TETON D A K O T A S TIONAL PARK &WIND CAVE NATIONAL PAR Y | N G *Fossil cycA N. M. SCOTTS BLUFF N. M. +: N E B R A s k A Pinosaur N. M. º MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK *Colorado N.M. C O :k L C R A D O ARCHES N. M. M ss O U R K A N S A S § PARK PARK 4 *Bow"." ºwest **REAT SAND DUNEs N. M. ^ ºft º: jº. *MESA verbe NATIONAL º, Fáš."l *Nºon Nº. Navajo Nº. 4 Aztec RT. * CAPULIN MOUNTAIN N. M. GRAND Cawº ...M. * ****on be chs. 1. "ATION." - * WUPAT *CHAco canyon N. M. PETRIF PARK KI N.M. *BANDELiéâ", w O K L A H O M A 2 Montezu, tºes, N. M. * * FL MoRRo N.M. PLATT - -º- --~~ L PARK -y * * : z o.º. A N E VV M E x I co NATIONA A R K A N S A S Hot SPRINGS ::: NATIONAL PAR GRAN QUIVIRA N. M. WHITE SANDS N.M. + CARLSBAD CAVERN NATIONAL PARK - T E X A S *CASA GRANDE N. M. T'MACAcorn!, w * ALAskA MOUNT ..". * ** a 7 MO LOKA; N OAHu - Mrſ...} H --- / HAWAIL- * > \ (ſo ºus, KAU Al \ .” ~ - \ Honolulu → R* NATIONAL --" ^ - ºwoº W. PARK ÖNihau THE Hawaiian islands NTV \ PrinTED BY THE U.s. Geological surveir E L PARK SERVIC Y THE NATIONA ADMINISTERED E L MONUMENTS S AND 38 NATIONA 2 NATIONAL PARK LOCATIONS OF 2 IMPORTANT EVENTS IN YELLOWSTONE’s HISTORY 1803. Louisana Purchase which included a portion of the present park. 1807. John Colter, the first known white man to set foot in this region, entered the park, but did not see the geysers. . - 1827. Jerediah Smith, a trapper, visited the Yellowstone and wrote in a letter about what he saw. 1830. James (Jim) Bridger, a trader and trapper, was in the area now a part of the park. 1834. Warren Angus Ferris, fur trader, wrote the first known account of Yellowstone wonders. 1859. The Raynolds Expedition attempted to enter this region in the winter of 1859–60, but were blocked by snow. 1863. Capt. W. W. DeLacy, in command of an unsuccessful prospecting expedition, discovered Lewis and Shoshone Lakes and Shoshone and Lower Geyser Basins. . 1869. The Folsom.Cook-Peterson Expedition traversed the Yellowstone region. 1870. The Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition spent several weeks exploring the Yellowstone country. Through their efforts it was later set aside as a park. 1871. The Hayden Survey party entered the region to make official explorations and surveys. This work was continued in 1872 and completed in 1878. 1872. On March 1, President Grant signed the Act of Dedication, setting aside Yellowstone Park “for the benefit and enjoyment of the people,” thereby establishing the first national park as such in the world. - 1875. Party headed by Capt. William Ludlow made a reconnaissance from Carroll, Mont., to Yellowstone Park and return. Obtained accurate measurements of the Yellowstone Falls. 1877. Gº; O. º Howard in command of the pursuit of Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Indian, through the park. 1878. Superintendent Norris constructed the famous Norris Road, a wagon road from Mammoth to the lower Basin. - 1879. Headquarters building constructed on Capitol Hill; guide boards placed to show names of - important phenomena and distances; first white men spent winter in the region. 1881. Photographer F. Jay Haynes first visited the park. 1883. President Chester A. Arthur visited park. First President to visit the wonderland. Con- struction partially completed on Mammoth Hotel and tent hotels conducted at Upper and Lower Geyser Basins and Canyon. 1884. Lower Basin Hotel erected. 1885. Two-story frame hotel erected in Upper Geyser Basin. 1886. Camp Sheridan, located on south side of Capitol Hill, established; one troop of cavalry sta, tioned there for protection. Park placed under military régime. 1890. Last recorded eruption of Excelsior Geyser. Canyon Hotel was constructed. 1890. Erection of Fort Yellowstone commenced; completed in 1892. ' 1894. Congress passed protective act; United States commissioner appointed. 1902. Reestablishment of buffalo herd undertaken. Northern Pacific Railroad completed to Gardiner, Mont. 1903. Dedication of North Entrance Arch by President Roosevelt; Old Faithful Inn under con. struction; road from Cody, Wyo., to east entrance of park completed (construction began in 1890); construction of Chittenden Bridge. 1904. Old Faithful Inn opened; 13,727 visitors to park. - 1905. Chittenden Road over Mount Washburn and Dunraven Pass completed, completing the Grand Loop. - 1907. Oregon Short Line completed to West Yellowstone, Mont. 1912. Rail passengers first entered by east entrance. 1915. First private automobiles permitted in park; 51,895 visitors. 1918. Complete civilian control of Yellowstone Park under National Park Service Rangers. 1920. Office of park naturalist created; first lecturer employed by the National Park Service. 1923. President and Mrs. Harding visited park. Howard Eaton Trail dedicated. 1927. President and Mrs. Coolidge visited the park. Opening of Gallatin Gateway for rail visitors. 1928. Donation of $110,000 for educational work by Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation, and beginning of museum development under the American Association of Museums. 1929. Park enlarged by act of March 1, 1929; 260,697 visitors, record travel year to date. 1930. Park boundaries further extended by act of April 19. - - 1932. Pºn of October 20 enlarged park by 7,600 acres, under authority of act of March F 7 2, 2– "YELLOWSTONE N A T I O N A L P A R K + W 1 O M I JW G + U.NITED STATES DEPARTME M T OF THE IN TERIOR JN A TI O JW A L PA R K S E R VI C E UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. IcKEs, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ARNo B. CAMMERER, Director YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK WYOMING SEASON JUNE 14 TO SEPTEMBER 13 UNITED STATES - Government PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1934 R U L ES AND REGULATIONS The park regulations are approved by the Secretary of the Interior and are designed for the protection of the natural features and scenery, as well as for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The following synopsis is for the general guidance of visitors. Complete regulations may be seen at the superintendent's office and ranger stations. Preservation of Natural Features and Curiosities.—It is forbidden to injure or write upon the formations, throw objects into the springs or steam vents, or to disturb or carry off any of the mineral deposits, speci- mens, natural curiosities, etc., within the park. Destruction, injury, or disturbance of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. Camps.-Permanent camping sites are available in all sections; please help us, yourself, and others by keeping these camp grounds cleanſ Burn combustible rubbish and place all other garbage and refuse in available garbage cans. All water in designated campgrounds is good water! Wood for fuel should be taken from dead or fallen trees. Fires.—The park’s greatest peril. Do not kindle them near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., but in some open space on rocks or earth. They should be extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water. Don’t take chances—make sure your fire is out! Bears.--It is unlawful and extremely dangerous to molest, tease, or touch bears. If you feed or photograph them you do so at your own risk and peril. It is best to suspend food supplies in a box between two trees so as to keep it out of reach of bears. . . . Dogs and Cats.--Dogs and cats are permitted to be brought into the park but must be kept on leashes or in crates at all times. Government Responsibility.—The Government is in no way re- sponsible for any kind of accident. ... . . Firearms.-Firearms are permitted but must be sealed upon entry. Fishing.—No license is required. Ten fish per person fishing constitutes the limit for a day’s catch, except in certain posted waters. Cameras.-The use of still and motion picture cameras is encouraged. Gambling.—Gambling in any form is prohibited. Saddle Horse, Pack Trains, Etc.—Saddle horse, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right-of-way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. All vehicles must be equipped for night travel. Lost and Found Articles.—Lost and found articles should be reported to the nearest ranger station. Park Rangers.-Ranger stations are located at all main points of interest, and rangers are stationed throughout the entire park to serve you. Automobiles.—Drive carefully at all times; obey all park traffic rules. …"-- Roger W. ToLL, Superintendent. [II] DEPOSITED BY THE UNITED STATES CF AMERICA --- AUG 1 3 '34 CON TENTS THE GEYSERs . . . . . . . . OTHER HOT-water PHENOMENA . GRAND CANYON of THE YELLOwSTONE DUNRAven PAss AND ToweR FALLs. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FoRESTs SYLVAN PAss AND RED CANYON OF SHOSHONE GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE . . TREES . . . . . . . . . . . GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . EDUCATIONAL SERVICE . . . . THE PARK SEASON . . . . . . RAILROAD INFORMATION . . . MEDICAL SERVICE . . . . . . TELEGRAMs . . . . . . . . . Post OFFICE . . . . . . . . HIGHways To YELLowsTone . AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIEs . . . . FUEL - e e s - PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM . . . . PARK PHOTOGRAPHS . . . . STORES AND NEws STANDs . . ACCOMMODATIONS AND ExPENSEs ALL-ExPENSE Tours . . . . . YELLowSTONE TRAILs . . . . PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . FoR SALE IN PARK . . . GoverNMENT PUBLICATIONs REFERENCEs . . . e SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGs, GEYSERs, AND FUMAROLEs . . . . . . * o PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs . . . . . . . . Don't hurry through the park—enjoy it leisurely. The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellow- stone supplements this circular. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service, and is on sale at all points in the park. [Iv I 1803. 1807. 1827. 1830. 1834. 1859. 1863. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1875. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1881. YELLOWST ONE HISTORY Louisiana Purchase which included a portion of the present park. John Colter, the first known white man to set foot in this region, entered the park, but did not see the geysers. Jerediah Smith, a trapper, visited the Yellowstone and wrote in a letter about what he saw. * James (Jim) Bridger, a trader and trapper, was in the area now a part of the park. Warren Angus Ferris, fur trader, wrote the first known account of Yellowstone wonders. The Raynolds Expedition attempted to enter this region in the winter of 1859–60 but were blocked by snow. Capt. W.W. DeLacy, in command of an unsuccessful prospecting expedition, discovered Lewis and Shoshone Lakes and Shoshone and Lower Geyser Basins. - The Folsom-Cook-Peterson Expedition traversed the region. The Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition spent several weeks exploring the Yellowstone country. Through their efforts it was later set aside as a park. The Hayden Survey party entered the region to make official explorations and surveys. This work was continued in 1872 and completed in 1878. - President Grant signed the Act of Dedication March 1, setting aside Yellowstone Park “ſor the benefit and enjoyment of the people,” thereby establishing the first national park as such in the world. Party headed by Capt. William Ludlow made a reconnaissance from Carroll, Mont., to Yellowstone Park and return. Obtained accurate measurements of the Yellowstone Falls. Gen. O. O. Howard in command of the pursuit of Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Indian, passed through the park. - Superintendent Norris constructed the famous Norris Road, a wagon road from Mammoth to the lower Basin. Headquarters building constructed on Capitol Hill; guide boards placed to show names of important phenomena and distances; first white men spent winter in the region. Phetographer F. Jay Haynes first visited the park. [v] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1890. 1890. 1894. I902. I903. I904. I905. 1907. I912. I915. 1918. I920. I923. 1927. 1928. I929. I930. I932 President Chester A. Arthur visited park. First President to visit the wonderland. Mammoth Hotel partially completed; tent hotels conducted at Upper and Lower Geyser Basins and Canyon. Lower Basin Hotel erected. Two-story frame hotel erected in Upper Geyser Basin. - Camp Sheridan, located on south side of Capitol Hill, established; one troop of cavalry stationed there for protection. Park placed under military régime. - - Last recorded eruption of Excelsior Geyser. Canyon Hotel erected. Erection of Fort Yellowstone commenced; completed in 1892. Congress passed protective act; United States commissioner ap- pointed - - Reestablishment of buffalo herd undertaken. Northern Pacific Railroad completed to Gardiner, Mont. Dedication of North Entrance Arch by President Roosevelt; Old Faithful Inn under construction; road from Cody, Wyo., to east entrance of park completed (construction commenced in 1890); construction of Chittenden Bridge. Old Faithful Inn opened; 13,727 visitors to park. Chittenden Road over Mount Washburn and Dunraven Pass finished, completing the Grand Loop. Oregon Short Line completed to West Yellowstone, Mont. Rail passengers first entered by east entrance. - First private automobiles permitted in park; 51,895 visitors. Complete civilian control of Yellowstone Park under National Park Service rangers. Office of park naturalist created; first lecturer employed by the National Park Service. President and Mrs. Harding visited park. Howard Eaton Trail dedicated. President and Mrs. Coolidge visited the park. Opening of Gallatin Gateway for rail visitors. Donation of $1 Io,000 for educational work by Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation, and beginning of museum development under the American Association of Museums. - Park enlarged by act of March 1, 1929; 260,697 visitors, record travel year to date. . . Park boundaries further extended by act of April 19. Proclamation of October 20 enlarged park by 7,600 acres, under authority of act of March 26, 1926. Ivi ) YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK HE Yellowstone, probably the best known of our national parks, was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revis- ing its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. On October 20, 1932, President Hoover signed a proclamation adding approximately 7,600 acres along the north line, near Gardiner, Mont., which now gives the park an area of about 3,438 square miles or approxi- mately 2,200,240 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Sur- rounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the enclosed tableland. -- Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in 2 or 3 days in Yellow- stone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature's secret laboratories. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted breccias along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decom- posed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. For a long time the chief public interest in Yellowstone centered around its spouting geysers and similar uncanny wonders of a dying volcanic region. , Now that good roads and trails have made this great wilderness accessible, its beautiful forests, trout- filled lakes and streams, and its wild animal population attract as many visitors as the volcanic wonders. - - . . 473990–34 [I] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming THE GEYSERS There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park. Most of them are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shootstreams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the high temperatures of the depths of the earth approach close to the surface. Much of the heat and an ap- preciable amount of gas and steam are added from considerable depths. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean seeps collecting in the geyser's plumbing down in the region of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and forms steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and gives off clouds of vapor, a sign that the geyser is about to play. The tube or plumbing of the geyser must be crooked or constricted suffi- ciently to prevent easy circulation of the water. With continued heat being .applied from below, the water in the bottom of the geyser's tube expands so that the less heated column above can no longer weigh it down, then water bubbles over and relieves the pressure of the superheated water below, which suddenly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. Then the water and the vapor rise many feet into the air and continue to play until practically all of the geyser is cleared. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, runs off or with other water, seeps into the ground to gather as before in the geyser's depth, in a greater or less time becomes heated to the explosion point, and the geyser erupts again. Naturally, each geyser has a different plumbing, and it follows that it has a different behavior. In the geyser basins the material making up the walls of the cracks and tubes of the geysers is of silica, and strong enough to withstand the explosive action of the steam. A less strong material, such as travertine, will not withstand this explosive action, and, hence, will not produce geysers. One may readily make a geyser in the laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at Old Faithful Museum. The water at the base of the tube in this geyser is heated by an electric element, and the geyser plays at short, regular intervals. After an eruption the water drains back into the bulb by another tube, where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. [2] 'infiļņp， p10 Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming OTHER HOT-water PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot-water phe- nomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the west central part of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white min- eral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water flows over the edges of these fretted basins. . . . . . . . - - Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, decorating them with hues of red, pink, tan, brown, and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants known as “bacteria” are found in long strings of yellow and white where the water is hottest. Still others, also microscopic in size, known as “diatoms,” occursingly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. - s A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity eyery 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well-marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many instances beauti- fully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. ". . . ." - - - GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed, the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national [4] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visiting “The Grand Canyon” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of Canyons. - Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and plunges downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where you stand widens out a glorious panorama. The steep' slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine- topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hollows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The dominant color of the canyon, especially when viewed on a sunshiny day, is yellow or even glaringly white in places, although a great variety of colors can be seen on closer inspection. In the morning or evening or on a cloudy day the colors may be seen in more striking contrast, and the pro- fusion of tints presents an incomparable picture framed in the green of the surrounding forest. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon-Artist Point, across the gorge. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLs From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass or the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. . - A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls, where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is en- * *. [5] Tellowstone .National Park—Wyoming &#sº E--><:s: - ºº:: Kºrº º £º § §§§ Eºs: sº ::ſº E->º: tº sº º Showing succession of buried forests through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge. After Holmes. [6] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming countered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. REMARKABLE FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the newly acquired region on the northwest known as the “Gallatin Petrified Forests”, and in the northeast, known as the “Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests”. These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests” might imply. They are not readily accessible to the visitor with the exception of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. - The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park today. They included broad-leaved species, such as laurel, sycamore, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out masses of eruptive fragments accompanied by great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dissolved and the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduc- tion in rock of the original form of the tree, in many cases cell for cell. In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repetition of this process 12 times—with intervening periods of volcanic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered and in time petrified. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. SYLVAN PASS AND RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. - [7] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a pre- cipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, higher than New York's famous Flatiron Building, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. GREAT WILD-LIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most successful wild-life refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. ... - Its 3,438 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them. The more than 300 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp, No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean , them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in auto- mobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart’s content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring, when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders’ camp in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when treated as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by experience in national parks to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, however, they become fierce antagonists indeed. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family so to speak— are numerous in the park. - While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that these bears, too, are wild animals and should be treated as such. [8] ·lººp ſo spaupunų ſo ºmuolį øų, są yuvq øl, L |× Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming º º Two young black bears take things easy. [ Io J 1ellowstone National Park—Wyoming This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, many deer and antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. One of the thousand buffalo which inhabit the park. It is an excellent bird preserve also, where more than 200 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of the Yellowstone Lake. Bears are seen daily in summer at the feeding grounds at Canyon and Old Faithful and occasionally along the roads. Moose are seen quite often, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep are seen sometimes on Mount Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can usually be seen on hiking or horseback trips. Deer are frequently along roads and trails and antelope may nearly always be found near the north entrance. Beaver may be seen in the evenings along the ranger nature trail at Mammoth Hot Springs and at other sections in the park. In winter, elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close range along the north line of the park and a lover of wild animals may be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. Many persons find the animals more interesting at this season than in summer. [ II | fellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens”, or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous treeS. - Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), sometimes known as jack pine. The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extend- ing nearly up to timber line; probably three fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines are distinguished from other evergreen trees by having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. Limber pine (Pinusflexilis), in the West often known as white pine. Occa- sional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, golden brown and opening when mature; bark dark brown, rough. - White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis), found only about timber line. Leaves five in each bundle; cones I to 3 inches long, brown-purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark thin, whitish, scaly. Medium size tree except on adverse slopes. - Firs. The firs have flat, blunt-tipped or notched leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree, and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), common about timber line and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched; those of the lower branches appearing two-ranked because of the twisted petioles. About timber line usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata), sometimes known as red fir. Common at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat and soft; bark dark and rough; comes scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, three-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by pro- truding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other ever- green trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. The spruces look much like the firs, but they have rigid sharp-pointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and thin, scaly, dark bark. The cones [I2] ºuoņsam011? I2ų, fòuoſupopup.19 9 / L Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming are borne near the top of the tree, and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe, * . s Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), the most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 13% to 2 inches long. Rocky Mountain juniper or cedar (juniperus scopulorum), common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scale like, attached by 2’s or 3's and closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berrylike; bark brown, easily peeled offin long shreds. The creeping juniper (juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub with awl-like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides), sometimes known as quaking aspen or quaking asp. The only common broadleaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” Red birch (Betula frontinalis), usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams. , Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in catkins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - Alder (Alnus tenuifolia), similar to birch; also found along streams; usually shrubby at high elevations; leaves more rounded; bark brownish-red to ashy gray; cones hard and woody, persisting during winter. - 8 FISHING • * - To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by visitors that the trout become educated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. [14] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon Junction, and Tower Falls. It may be rented of the porters at the Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and of the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the Lake and Fishing Bridge. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. NO FISHING LICENSE REQUIRED The native fishes of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Government in barren --.-- -- Nurs photograph. Two young visitors pleased with their day’s catch. waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fishes. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park,” by Hugh M. Smith, and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., and in Yellowstone National Park at the Infor- [I5] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming mation Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but the latter offices cannot fill mail orders. GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral like to an altitude of 13,747 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordinary, massing FEET ſºlº Tºſſ - REE PK. FEET jiàº. MT.* #. tºº isofºnTETON, MoUNTAINs Nºte: twº mºnºwº is a "wºgs #"Hºsº, this profile, but is shown for com- ! Il 1250 10000 87.50 1500 t ... 1 parative height. ; GALLATIN RANGE \!. % ſº º PITCHSTONE PLATEAU PLATEAu A. 87.50 A& % ºf & shoshone Lake * 4- 3º &zes - - rāoo //2\ ‘. f'N;\\ } }<ºz. - -- Sºğazºsé I- 1. – M E. --- 3750 º 2500]/Z/FROM shoñE of JACKSON % ë W. sourº JušTWEST OF ROAD/. 1250 Zºrrorſ ºf TH SEA % -IN THE YELLOWsºrontº AND GRAND Kºkºmiſts west of the Roa I 120 | 10 80 40. ! 0. it; ** MILES Geologic Section of the rellowstone-Grand Teton region. of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone Na- tional Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake the distance to Moran on Jackson Lake is only 47 miles, and an additional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes as . well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Mountains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey. Auto- mobile stages run regularly between Yellowstone Park and Moran. - [16] | Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming ADMINISTRATION Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at ‘Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. . The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general head- quarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All comments regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States Commissioner, Judge J. W. Meldrum. . The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is aug- mented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless visitors. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and render- ing other assistance to the touring public. . . - EDUCATIONAL SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Norris Geyser Basin, Madison Junction, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon. Many lectures are given in the evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. . . - ... The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in museums at Mammoth, Norris, Old Faithful, and Fishing Bridge. This is a free service for all visitors. Circulars of general information regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks and automobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets on geysers, geological history, fossil forests, and fishes of the Yellowstone, topographic maps and other publications pertaining to the park are on sale at nominal charges at all museums except Norris and Madison Junction. The Mammoth Museum is devoted to a general survey of the natural and human history of the park. Old Faithful Museum, between the inn and the auto camp, is devoted largely to geyser activity and its products. The Norris Geyser Basin Museum is remarkable for its simple and easy manner of telling the story of volcanism in the park, as well as of the thermal features [18] ‘unºsnjºy pnfiņp， p10 ſo ºſouſº ºuſſutº Tellowstone Mational Park—Wyoming of that area. Madison Junction Museum is devoted to historical events of the park, while Fishing Bridge Museum deals primarily with the biologic life of the park and the history and geology of Yellowstone Lake. A field exhibit near Obsidian Cliff explains that great mountain of volcanic glass, and other roadside exhibits, explaining local features of interest to the vis- itor, are also located near Silver Gate, Swan Lake, Willow Park, Nymph Lake, Tuff Cliff, and Firehole Canyon. : THE PARK SEASON The main season extends from June 20 to September 13, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between June 1 and 20 and September 13 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. Camp grounds may be used and gasoline is available at several points. September 9 is the last day on which the 4%-day motor bus-tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardi- ner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific system reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont., and on the south from Victor, Idaho; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the auto stage drive of 53 miles; and the Chicago & North Western Railway has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 179 miles from the south entrance: During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada to. Gardi- ner, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these six gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other five. . . • *~ * - - From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks and monuments in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, and Bryce National Parks and the Craters of the Moon, Devils Tower, and monuments of the Southwest. - Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side trip in con- nection with journeys to other destinations will find stop-over privileges [20] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Pocatello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo.; all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round-trip tickets. t Coupons covering auto-stage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sight-seeing” tour of the park of about 5 days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested railroads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R.R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers enter the park, i.e., Gardiner, West Yellow- stone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. - For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. - • MEDICAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has headquarters at Mammoth Hot Springs where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are constantly available. A well-equipped hospital with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. - Physicians of the medical service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are provided with adequately equipped dispensaries. - In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse, proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical service can be summoned by telephone. t Rates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. [21] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mam- moth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of undelivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. POST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad visitors are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.,” depending upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth Hotel and Mammoth Lodge and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail is held at the Mammoth Hotel or Mammoth Lodge pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mammoth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Automobile visitors should have their mail addressed with their name., “care of General Delivery, Yellowstone Park, Wyo.,” and should call for same at the post office on their arrival at Mammoth Hot Springs. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal stations in the park at Old Faithful, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. HIGHWAYS To YELLOWSTONE - Yellowstone National Park may be reached from all major points, in- cluding other national parks and monuments, via improved United States highways. American Automobile Association offices throughout the coun- try are prepared to furnish reliable information as well as maps showing routes to and from the park. Inquiry should be made at various cities concerning road conditions. [22] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming Yellowstone National Park may be reached from the following highways: Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance): U.S. Highway Io and 87 W.; U.S. Highway 2 and 87 W.; U.S. Highway 1o and 12; U.S. Highway 16 and Io. - * Cody, Wyo. (east entrance): U.S. Highway 16 and 20; U.S. Highway 20; U.S. Highway 1o to Billings, 3 Io south to Cody. Snake River (south entrance): U.S. Highway 87 W. (over Togwotee Pass); U.S. Highway 187 (via Hoback Canyon); U.S. Highway 191 and 22 (via Swan Valley and Teton Pass); U.S. Highway 191 and 33 (Sugar City and Teton Pass). West Yellowstone, Mont. (west entrance): U.S. Highway 1o to Bozeman and south through Gallatin Gateway; U.S. Highway 91 or Io to Butte, thence southwest via Virginia City and Ennis or Harrison and Ennis; U.S. Highway 191 from Pocatello. AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores through- out the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company and filling stations carry a stock of automobile accessories, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge Auto Camp, and Grand Canyon. FUEL Wood yards are operated on the “Cash and Carry” basis by the Yellow- stone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. - - PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond-shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case initials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly I mile apart. Fractions of miles have been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. The following is a key to the milepost initials: N.E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. [23] Tellowstone Mational Park—Wyoming W.E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E.E. East entrance, 53 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S.E. South entrance, 24 miles north of Moran, Wyo. - M.S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop system. N.J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M.J. Madison Junction where the west-approach road joins the loop system. - O.F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W.T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. - L.J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop system. - C.J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T.J. Tower Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke, Mont., leaves the loop system. C.S. Cooke Station, 4 miles southwest of Cooke, Mont., on a branch road which leaves the loop system at Tower Junction. Mt.W. Stands for the Mount Washburn road. There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. The main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop” Highway. There are 145 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggregate length of the approach roads in the park is 68 miles. Other roads in the park have a combined length of 97 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains 24 miles of the east-approach road in the Shoshone National Forest and 25 miles of the south-approach road in the Teton National Forest. PARK PHOTOGRAPHS Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in sum- mer, and Selby Avenue at Virginia, St. Paul, Minn., at any season, main- tains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Thumb, Grand Canyon, Fishing Bridge, and Tower Falls, and sale stands in various [24] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming hotels and lodges for sale of photographs in all sizes and styles, including hand-painted enlargements, lantern slides, moving pictures, souvenir post cards, photographic supplies and guidebooks. Laboratories in the park are maintained for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs. STORES AND NEWS STANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Pryor and Trischman, who also maintain a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. s - The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunch room and cafeteria. - - At Old Faithful Mr. C. A. Hamilton operates two general stores, one near the hotel and the other in the public auto camp. . At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) general stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Pryor and Trischman conduct the general store that serves the Canyon district. At Tower Falls a general store and lunch room is maintained by Mr. J. E. Haynes. § - In all of the general stores, in addition to complete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers' supplies are carried curios, souvenirs, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc. Stores are open before and after park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. - In all the hotels and lodges there are news stands at which curios, souvenirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers’ supplies, etc., are also available. - + ACCOMMODATIONS AND EXPENSES HOTELS The Old Faithful Inn and Canyon Hotel, operated by the Yellowstone Park Hotel Co., will be open during the 1934 season from June 15 to September 29, the hotels at Mammoth and Lake remaining closed as in 1933. These are first-class hotels with the charm of a wilderness setting and the rates are comparable with those that prevail in metropolitan hotels of the same type, though all supplies have to be hauled great distances. The rates range from $2.75 without meals for one person in a room with- out bath to $10 for a room with bath for one person, meals included. Meals only: Breakfast, $1.25; lunch and dinner, $1.50 each. Telephone and telegraph service is available in each hotel. ... " - [25] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming LODGES Lodges are maintained at Mammoth Hot Springs, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Lake, Canyon, East Entrance and near Tower Falls, by the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. Including meals, the rate is $4.50 a day, with children under 2 free and up to 8 years old, half rates. CABINS AND TENTs These are available at rates ranging from $1 a night for one person to $2.50 for four persons. They are equipped with the necessary furniture, and if you do not have all your camping equipment, linen and cooking utensils may be rented. There are cafeterias at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faith- ful, Fishing Bridge, West Thumb, and Canyon automobile camps. TRANSPORTATION The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. maintains bus and special car service for transportation to and from all park entrances, park tours, side trips, and Grand Teton National Park south of Yellowstone. Inquire at any concentration point in the park for rates and schedules. BOATs Speed boats, launches, rowboats, and fishing tackle may be rented from the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. Launches, including the use of fishing tackle, cost $3.50 an hour. Half-hour speed-boat trips on Yellowstone Lake will be made for $1 a person. You can rent a rod, reel, and landing net for 50 cents a day. SADDLE HORSES AND GUIDES There is no better way to see the park than on horseback over some of the 900 miles of trails. There are an unlimited number of special trips sched- uled, such as to Cascade Lake from the Canyon Hotel and Lone Star and Geyser from Old Faithful Inn, for prices as low as $2.50. Horses may be rented at $o.75 an hour; $2.50 for a half day; and $3.50 for a full day of 8 hours. Guide service is available for $1 an hour; $3 a half day; and $5 for a full day. * PUBLIC CAMP GROUNDS There are about 15 improved camp grounds supplied with water, sani- tary facilities and cooking grates. There are also between 25 and 30 smaller sites, scattered throughout the park, which are especially attractive to persons wishing to get away from the main points of concentration. Wood yards are operated on the cash-and-carry basis where fire wood may be obtained at reasonable prices. [26 J *25p07 qnfiņoſ p10 Mellowstone National Park—Wyoming ALL-EXPENSE TOURS For persons of limited time, a standard 4%-day tour of Yellowstone Park with overnight stops at hotels is offered at the all-expense rate of $29. This includes 4 nights’ lodging and 14 meals. If it is necessary to speed up your schedule still more, a special 3%-day tour may be arranged at the all-expense rate of $22.50. If you wish to reduce your expenses, you may make the 4%-day tour, stopping at the lodges instead of the hotels, for $20; and the 3%-day tour for $15.50. From Cody, Gallatin, Bozeman, and Lander, in connection with certain authorized railroad tickets, an all-expense rate to the park of $25 will be charged, including a 4%-day tour of the park, to any other entrance or back to the same entrance. For a similar 3%-day tour, the rate is $22.50. [29] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming YELLOWSTONE TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. It is here that nature, except for trails, remains undisturbed; where scenic beauty is so vividly impressed; where spots that appeal may be studied to your heart's content, uninterrupted by any schedule of transportation. sº HowARD EATON TRAIL - ~ * Miles Mammoth Hot Springs to Norris Junction....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . 2O Norris Junction to Fountain......... - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 Fountain to Old Faithful... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I Old Faithful to West Thumb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'e e s e º ºs e is 2O West Thumb to Lake..................... • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 Lake to Canyon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 Canyon to Tower Junction.......................................... . . . . . . s". 20 Canyon to Norris Junction................ .......... p e s • * ~ * ** - e. e. e. e. e. dº e º 'º - - - - - e. e. I4 Tower Junction to Mammoth Hot Springs. • * * * * * * * * * * * * .e. e. e. * * * * e s e s e e º e º e º e s e e 18 , Total mileage of Howard Eaton Trail.......... • * e s e s tº e e s e s e • * * * * * * * * * * * I53 The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking up of a former series of short trails. It will be noted that the above listing discloses the main points of interest in the order viewed by automobile travel, starting from and ending at Mammoth Hot Springs. The Howard Eaton Trail follows closely the “loop” road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “loop” highway. The traveler by trail may start from any other station listed, reversing the route or otherwise arranging the trip to meet his requirements. The Canyon to Norris or Norris to Canyon crosscut enables the hurried traveler to split the entire route into sections to be traveled as time affords. Certain branch trails may also be taken where they link with the Howard Eaton Trail, as the following trail schedule indicates: - * - SCHEDULE OF TRAILS FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS Miles To summit of Mount Everts and return.................................. • * * * * IO Around Bunsen Peak to foot of Osprey Falls and return........................ I2 To summit of Mount Sepulcher and return........................... . . . . . . . . I4. To Gardiner, Mont., via old road, and return.................... _s • * * * “º e º e º a tº e IO To Sportsman Lake, via Electric Peak............... ë e º e º 'º tº e º 'º e º ſº s s tº e º 'º - © tº e º e I4 From Sportsman Lake to Gallatin Ranger Station....................... tº e º 'º s e I It [3ol * Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming FROM MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS-Continued Miles To Gallatin Ranger Station, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass................ 30 To Gallatin Ranger Station, via Golden Gate and Bighorn Pass Trail. . . . . . . . . . . 35 To Riverside Ranger Station, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail............ : 33 From Riverside Ranger Station to Fountain Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I5 * FROM OLD FAITHFUL To Biscuit Basin. . . . . . . . . . • * * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - tº º e s tº a c e º e º e g • - - - - - - - - - 2.5 From Biscuit Basin to Fountain, on Little Firehole Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 From Fountain to Riverside, on Madison Plateau Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 To West Boundary, on Summit Lake Trail............... tº e s e e s e s a e e s e e s e s e e I6 To Lone Star Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . & © e e g º e e s e e s is e º e s s is e s = e º e a e e * c e º e s e e e s e 3. 5 From Lone Star Geyser to Shoshone Lake Outlet, Shoshone Trail.............. I5 From Shoshone Lake to Lewis Lake, on Sheridan Trail....................... 5 To Lewis Lake, via Norris Pass, DeLacy Creek, and Shoshone Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . 24 From Lewis Lake to Heart Lake, on Sheridan Trail.......................... 7 To Bechler River Ranger Station, via Lone Star Geyser and Bechler Canyon.... 35 To Mallard Lake, over Mallard Lake Trail, and return............... tº e s e e e s e 8 FROM LAKE To Soda Butte, via Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction.................... 53 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary.......... • e s e e s e s e I3 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to East Boundary, via Miller Creek. 22 From Cold Creek and Lamar River Junction to Frost Lake.................... 7 FROM CANYON To Fountain, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail. ................... • . . 25 To foot of Lower Falls, on Uncle Tom's Trail from Canyon Lodge. . . . . . . • e º e s e e To Seven Mile Fishing Hole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • . . . 7 To Artist Point from Canyon Lodge...... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I To Inspiration Point from Canyon Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 2 To Grebe Lake, on Grebe Lake Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 To summit of Mount Washburn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 To Sulphur Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 To Tower Falls, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail. . . . . . . 9 @ 9 & © tº s º ºs* e e º e º e 25 To Cascade Lake, on Cascade Lake Trail.................... e e s is e º ºs e o e e • . . . 4. To Silver Cord Cascade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. To Devils Ink Pot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s s e s • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * c s e e e s s e s is e e 4. FROM TOWER, FALLS To Canyon, via Cascade Lake, on Storm Peak Trail.......................... 25 To Specimen Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - • - - - - - - - - 7 From Specimen Ridge to Soda Butte, via Amethyst Mountain. . . . . . . gº tº º e s tº tº tº tº e I2 To North Boundary, via Hellroaring Creek, Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . • * * * * * - - - - 12 To East Boundary, via Junction of Soda Butte Creek and Lamar River and Miller Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - 42 To East Boundary, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction. . . . . . . tº e º ºs e s tº E tº e 54 To Frost Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 [31] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming FROM FOUNTAIN Miles To Riverside Ranger Station, on Madison Plateau Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 To Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 To Canyon, via Mary Lake, on Mary Mountain Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 FROM WEST THUMB To Lake (see Howard Eaton Trail). . . . . . e s e e s a e s e e e s e s a e s e e e s e e s e e s e s e e s s a 2O To Heart Lake, by road and trail. . . . . . ë e = e s e s e s = e º 'º e s s e s = * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * I5 From Heart Lake to Mount Sheridan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 To Lewis Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 To Shoshone Lake, via road and trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 To Snake River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 FROM NORRIS To Lake of Woods, on Lake of Woods. Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 FROM SODA BUTTE - To Lake, via Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to East Boundary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 To East Boundary, via Miller Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 From Lamar River and Cold Creek Junction to Frost Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 To Specimen Ridge, via Amethyst Mountain. . . . . . . . . . s e e s e a e s tº e e s e e s e e s e e ... • I2 From Specimen Ridge to Tower Junction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 To Cache Creek, via Amphitheater Creek. . . . . . . . . . tº s e º e e s e e º & e s e . . . . . . . . . . . I I FROM GARDINER To Blacktail Deer Creek, on Turkeypen Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2 From Hellroaring to Slough Creek, on Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2 From Blacktail Deer Creek to Hellroaring, on Hellroaring Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2 To Crevice Ranger Station, on Crevice Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - 7 To Knowles Cabin, on Knowles Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ 8 ..To Mammoth Hot Springs, on old road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 FROM GALLATIN * , To Mammoth Hot Springs, through Snow Pass and Fawn Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3o To Sportsman Lake, via Sportsman Lake Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . II From Sportsman Lake to Mammoth Hot Springs, via Electric Peak....... & e s e e s I4. To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Bighorn Pass Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 To Bechler River Station, via Riverside, on West Boundary Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6o -- FROM RIVERSIDE To Fountain on Madison Plateau Trail, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5 From Fountain to Biscuit Basin, on Little Firehole Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I6 From Biscuit Basin to Old Faithful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . º e e º e s e e 2. To Mammoth Hot Springs, via Golden Gate, on Riverside Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 FROM UPPER. YELLOWSTONE To Snake River Station, via Big Game Ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 To Lake, on Upper Yellowstone Trail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE IN THE PARK ANIMAL LIFE OF YELLOwstone PARK. By Vernon Bailey. 241 pages. THE YELLowsTone NATIONAL PARK. By H. M. Chittenden. 286 pages. Historical and descriptive. s - CUBBY IN WonderLAND. A book primarily for children by Frances Joyce Farnsworth. 140 pages. TRAPPER JIM's FABLEs of SHEEPEATER INDIANs IN YELLOwstone. By La Verne H. Fitz- gerald. THE TREES AND SHRUBs of YELLowstone NATIONAL PARK. By P. H. Hawkins. 125 pages. GUIDE TO THE YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK. By J. E. Haynes. 192 pages. MAw’s VAGATION IN THE YELLowsTONE. By Emerson Hough. 70 pages. Discovery of THE YELLowstone, 1870. By N. P. Langford. 188 pages. PoEMs of NATURE AND WILD LIFE. By E. J. Sawyer. 74 pages. BIRDs of THE YELLOwstone. By M. P. Skinner. THE YELLowsTONE NATURE Book. By M. P. Skinner. 299 pages. BEARs of THE YELLOwsroNE. By M. P. Skinner. 151 pages. THE AMERICAN ANTELoPE. By M. P. Skinner. 27 pages. TREEs AND FLowers of Yellowstone NATIONAL PARK. By Frank E. A. Thone. 92 pages. - - # e. - OUR WILDERNEss NEIGHBORs. By Dorr G. Yeager. 160 pages. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS MotoRISTs’ GuIDE. Distributed in the park only. Free. FISHEs of YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. By Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. 30 pages, illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 5 cents. GeologICAL HISTORY of YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. By Arnold Hague. 24 pages, illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Io cents. GEYSERs of YELLowsroNE NATIONAL PARK. By Walter Harvey Weed. 32 pages, illus- trated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Io cents. FossIL FoREST of YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. By F. H. Knowlton. 32 pages, illus- trated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Io cents. RECREATIONAL MAP. Federal reservations throughout the United States with recreational opportunities. Brief descriptions of principal ones. National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Free. w - - GLIMPSEs of OUR NATIONAL PARKs. Illustrated, 66 pages. National Park Service, Wash- ington, D.C. Free. - GLIMPses of OUR NATIONAL Monuments. Same as above. Free. NATIONAL PARKs Portfolio. By Robert Sterling Yard. Cloth bound. More than 3oo carefully chosen illustrations. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. $1. FAUNA of THE NATIONAL PARKs. By G. M. Wright, J. S. Dixon, and B. H. Thompson. 157 pages, illustrated. Survey of wild-life conditions in the national parks. Superin- tendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20 cents. - - Map of Yellowstone National PARK. 38% by 39% inches, scale 2 miles to the inch. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 25 cents. * [33] - +. Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming REFERENCES ALBRIGHT, H. M., and TAYLOR, F.J. “Oh, Ranger!” A book about the National Parks. ALTER, J. CECIL. James Bridger. A biography. Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 220 pages, illustrated. 1927. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. BURRoUGHs, JoHN. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. r11 pp., illustrated. Hough- ton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. CHANEx, Jack. Foolish Questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. Fourth edition, 1929. 94 pp., illustrated. DUNRAven, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. Evarts, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wild life of the park. FARIs, JoHN T. Roaming the Rockies. Farrar & Rinehart. 333 pp., illustrated, 1930. FARQUHAR, FRANCIs P. Reading Up on the Yellowstone. Free pamphlet published and distributed by Haynes Picture Shops (Inc.), St. Paul, Minn. FoRDYCE, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft, 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. - FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published by Dodd, Mead & Co. * \ - FROTHINGHAM, RoberT. Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride and Company, New York. - 3. *. *Holmes, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6: The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand £anyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. - JACKSON, WM. H., and Howard R. DRIGGs. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 31.4 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N.Y. * JEFFERs, LE ROY. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. - KANE, J. F. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. , 1925. 521 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht. - KELLEY, EDGEMOND, and CHICK. Three Scout Naturalists in the National Parks. Brewer, Warren & Putnam, 1931. $1.75. KIPLING, RUDYARD. American notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter contains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. MILLs, ENOs A. Your National Parks. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1917. MUIR, JoHN. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. Rolfe, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book two, 1928. 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalogue of the flora of Montana-and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. SETON, ERNEST THOMPson. Life Histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Two quarto vol- umes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone SKINNER, M. P. The American Antelope. 1923. 27 pp., illustrated. Price, 25 cents. SMITH, WALLAGE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. WARREN, EDward R. The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October 1926. WRIGHT, WILLIAM H. The Grizzly Bear. Scribner's. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. The Black Bear. Scribner's. 191o. 127 pp., illustrated. Tº YARD, RoberT STERLING. The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. - The Book of National Parks. Scribner's. 1926. 444 pp.,74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams. * * [34] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, AND FUMAROLES [Based upon observations made by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington, D.C.] § All given temperatures are at best only approximate, as they vary considerably from time to time. At 6,ooo feet pure water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; at 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5° C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F., 91.0° C. Temperatures - Name Centi- || Fahren- Remarks grade heit - Boiling River.............. . . . 48.5 119.3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: Angel Terrace. . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.O | 165.5 | Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace....... ..! 68.0 154.4 || Coloring due to algae. Hymen Terrace ......... ..| 73.0 163.6 Irregular in activity. Jupiter Terrace... . . . . . . . . 73.o | 163.6 || Largest hot spring terrace in world. Mound Terrace............ 71.0 | 159.8 High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: Black Growler Steam Vent. || 140.0 | 284.0 | Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool............ . . . 92.0 | 197.6 || Peculiar “cinders” float on surface. Echinus Geyser............ 91.0 195.8 Beautiful spiny sinter. - New Crater Geyser.........| 93.0 | 199.4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl Spring (Gibbon Can- 92.0 | 197.6 || Violently agitated spring. yon). Lower Geyser Basin: Clepsydra Geyser.......... 92.0 | 197.6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot.... . . . .] 93.5 | 200.3 || Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser..... 96.0 204.8 || Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: Jewel Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 | 203.0 || Just before an eruption. Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 92.0 | 197.6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool............ : 93.0 | 199.4 || Intermittently erupting pool. Upper Geyser Basin: Beach Spring........ . . . . . . 89.3 || 192.7 | Notable geyserite formations. Beehive Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 | 203.o Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring. . . . . . . ..] 93.5 | 200.3 | A small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser. . . . . . . . . . .] 94.2 | 201.6 | Dangerous area. Lion Geyser............... 93.8 || 200.6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 || 202.64 | Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool. . . . . . . 77.0 || 17o.6 || One of the most famous pools. Sponge Geyser.............| 95.0 | 203.o | Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring. . . . . . . . . . 94.0 | 201.2 | Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring. . . . . . 95.0 | 203.o Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool. . . . . . . . ..| 93.0 | 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser............... . 91.1 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. Comet Geyser...... . . . . . . . 94.8 || 202.64 || Connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser............ ..| 94.0 | 200. I | Just before eruption. Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.0 | 195.8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool........ . . . . . 69.3 || 156.74 || Most beautiful green pool. Punch Bowl Spring.... . . . . 94.5 | 202. I | A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: * Dragons Mouth. . . . . . . . . . . 75.o | 167.0 | Gushing, muddy water. Mud Volcano. . . . . . . . . . . . 84.o 183.2 | Violently boiling mud. 1ellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming **. PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS , t , LOWER GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) . . . Average | Average du- Average inter- Heat . Name :- - |height of ration of erup-| val between Remarks of eruption tion eruptions Water - Feet of. Black Warrior |........|... . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Near Steady Geyser..|...... Springs. - - Clepsydra Gey- || 10–40 | Few seconds. 3 min. . . . . . . . Named for water | 197.6 Ser. - clock. Excelsior Geyser|200–300 || About 34 hr.. Irregular. . . . . Ceased playing in 193.3 Crater. - - IbjôO. J. " Fountain Gey- || 75 | Io min......|..... do . . . . . . Seldom in eruption........ Ser. - 4. A 'r * p Fountain Paint …]... * * * * * * * I • *** * * * * * * * * * * * Basin of boiling clay..] 200.3 Pot. * - “.. - t - Firehole Lake..........l. .. • * * * * * * * * * | * * * * * * * * * .....] Underwater“flames”.l...... Grand Pris- [........l....... • * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Size about 200 by 400 || 149.8 matic Spring. *4 > * : . feet; remarkable - - : ~ * *... • | * > . . . . coloring. . -: -- Great Fountain 75—150 45 to 60 min. 8 to 12 hrs. ... Spouts 4 to 5 times | 204.8 T. x . . . . ; - - during I eruption. Imperial Geyser|100-125 || 4 to 5 hrs. ...| 12 to 15 hrs...] Now inactive........|...... Steady Geyser..| 20–40 || Steady. . . . . . One . . . . . . . . Plays continuously. ..]. . . . . . Turquoise Pool.l... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '• * * * * * * * * * About Ioq.feet in di- |. . . . . . - f * } f ameter. “ White Dome. . . - 30 || 3 to 8 min. . .] 30 to 60 min..] Unique cone............. © NORRIS GEYSER BASIN º Constantgeyser 15–35 | 5 to 15 sec...] 5 min. . . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . ...] 188.1 Coral Geyser...l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . Corallike sinter . . . . .l...... Ebony Geyser..] 50 | 3% min.....|..... do. . . . . .| Vigorous and unique.]...... Echinus Geyser. 30 || 3 min. . . . . . . . . . . . do . . . . . . Spiny sinter. . . . . . . .] 195.8 Fan Geyser. ... 25 || 5 min. . . . . . . . . . . . do . . . . . . Follows ledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . Hurricane Vent ........l.... • • * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Whirling steam vent. . . . . . . Ledge Geyser. 75 Irr ..] Irregular. . . . . Plays from 3 vents...|....... Minute Man 8-30 || 1 to 4 min...]. . . . . do . . . . . . Quiet for long periods |, .... Geyser. - - - - New Crater | , 6-25 |.....do .". 2 to 5 min.... Beautiful ruddy sinter | 199.4 Pearl Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . Glistening sinter.....] 171.5 Valentine Gey- || 60–75 || 1 to 3 hrs ...|..... do . . . . . . In craterlike pit. . . . .] 199.4 Sër. t t Vixen Geyser...]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do ... . . . . Vigorous. . . . . . . . . . . 195.8 Whirligig Gey- || 10–15 Irregular......... do. . . . . . Near Constant Geyser 189.9 Ser. - *; f $ • [36] •e Tellowstone Mational Park—Wyoming UPPER GEYSER BASIN (OLD FAITHFUL) T. *. # * * * Average|Average dura-| Average inter-| * , , Heat Name height of tion of erup- | val between Remarks . of - eruption tion, eruptions' - Water - " . - “à -- - | Feet - - - ** | *F. Artemisia Gey- 50 | Io to 15 min. 24 to 30 hrs...] Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g e Ser. . - - } * & Beehive Geyser.| - 200 || 6 to 8 min...] Irregular..... Interestingly shaped 203.o COne. Black Sand pooll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep-blue pool. . . . . I99.4 Castle 50–75 || 30 min. . . . . . Irregular. . . . . Daily. . . . . . • - - - - - - - I -, * * * * * Chin a man |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * ~ e e = e º e s a • * Active bubbler. . . . . . 200.3 Spring. - - • " .. • Cliff Geyser....| 40–50 Irregular. Irregular. . . . . Seldom in eruption..| 196.o .Crested Pool. ..l..... * s e i e s s e s a e s p e s e e i s = e e s e e s a e e s s a Deep beautifully col- || 191.o - ored pool. Cub, Big. . . . . . 6o | 8 min. . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2OI - O Cub, Little. . . . 3–10 || 17 min. . . . . . I to 2 hrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2OI - O Daisy Geyser... 70 || 3 min. . . . . . . 80 to 105 min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2OO. I Emerald Pool..l... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beautiful green pool. 156.7 Giant Geyser...|200–250 | 6o min...... Irregular. . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . 202.7 Giantess Geyser 150–200 || 12 to 36 hrs...|..... do . . . . . . Once or twice a year. 201.6 Grand Geyser.. 200 || 15 to 30 min. 16 to 20 hrs...| Spectacular eruption. . . . . . . Grotto Geyser..| 20–30 || Varies. . . . . .] 2 to 5 hrs....]. Distinctive cone. . . . . 20+ ... O Jewel Geyser...] 5–20 || 1 min. ...] 5 min. . . . . . . . Beaded formation.... 203.o Lion Geyser....] 50–60 || 2 to 4 min...] Irregular. . . . . 2 to 17 times a day..] 200. Lioness Geyser. 80–100 | Io min......l.. ...do ...... Played once in 1910, 202.6 once in 1912, once * early in 1914, and - once in 1920. Mºs Glory |. . . . . . . . . . . . . • 6 p. 9 º' s s a I - - - - - © tº e s e º 'º - e. Beautiful blue pool.. 170.6 Pool. w Oblong Geyser.| 20–40 || 7 min....... 7 irregular....| About once a day...| 201.8 Old Faithful...|120–17o || 4 min....... 35 to 80 min...] Usual interval 65 | 200. I , * - minutes. Punch Bowl I. . . . . . . .l.............l.. e - e o s e e s - e - e. Crested spring near || 202. I -Spring. road. Riverside Geyser 80–100 | 15 min...... 7 to 8 hrs ..] Very regular; plays | 201.2 over the river. Sapphire Pool...! 6–15 || 3 min. . . . . . . 20 min. . . . . - e. Bººl deep-blue | 199.4 pool. Sawmill Geyser.| 20–35 | 1 to 3 hrs Irregular..... Usually 5 to 8 times | 192. I - a day. - Splendid Geyser 200 | Io min. . . . . . . . . . . do . . . . . . Played 1931; last pre- |200.48 vious eruption 1892 Sponge Geyser.]... . . . . . 1 min. . . . . . . 2 to 3 min....] A small, but perfect 203.o * -- geyser. Sunset Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A beautiful hot lake..]. . . . . . TeakettleSpring|........]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p e a e º s • e s • * * A vigorously boiling | 201.2 pool. Turban Geyser. 20–40 || 10 min. to Irregular.....] Turbanlike pieces of |...... • . - 3 hrs. sinter in the crater. Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming & & YEltowgrowf PMR4' ſº ge:AWEſtat grºº Or SCALE of FEET 250 TöTºo Tºo Tºo Road - * - - - - - - Nature Trail 43.N. } = - :*o z Hymen ſo Devil Thumb sº Terrace / *u. Pulpit º, \ _* Mound Terrace gº / Cleopatra Terrace l… " Terrace Jupiter . *****,’ war oº Terrace ſ * A 1%,3# & stafavor=2–~ | ," ſ .# © §. / Prings \- * - = f / Blue & / -N v - Springs “J Ganaſy | X 23° * . - Špſ; U_ _Narrow_ _ _ \ M29 • - Gauge T.---- yº 2^ Terrace twº, .* e cleops Mound \ *- - - - - - - - Formation Trail HOUSEKEEPING CABINS & *S*e sººº e sº • * * * cº 89 tº 22 N º * z Gapitol Hill N. (6) N. .., Nº" Liberty Ga MAMMOTH LODGE .” Lºr f Old Palette *Spring *. _-- ~~~~~~~ TN SS º: f'ſ Y / errace_3.J., ºf a N §§ / N $32 $2 & e? * «we i \ - Glen Spring J New Highland, "...”.” Terrace ...” Angel & Lookout Points, ſerrace & YS b W S Devils Kitchen \ o/-a- ~-S- .--" \ * &* : * Mammoth Hot Springs. [38] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming Th 9 Rock Spring - eservoir § gº - Receptacle Spring * Onyx Springo / "scal E of FEET 6 sº o Fº Qo goo 12Qo * Ebony Ge year ea Ge Grown Grataro Constant W. \ sºld s RAGGED HILLS M wºm. yo” Gratar Geyser 3: / O Steamboat Geysers o Pebble Geyser Gone Goraj Geyser - © - Hydrophane Springs s Gray Medusa Spring Q Lakes Gold Springs JNorris Geyser Basin. R BA&ty cy z- - mºś Porº ºt. •Morning M 2i Miis& #ºin" Springs ºff-iſſunrº - o, ºll-EX ºf BASIN bo QUAGMIRE § GROUP § Poglº ountain Paint Pot Feather Lake 5\%.º º tower dºrses sagiy no upper gerðffi sãáin 7 witég Lower Geyser Basin. [39] BISCUIT Mustard • *Springs Călthos Spring Sprite Pool Hem Pool fench Spring §Iron Springs emisia Geyser ===Road -- Q &roºs —-———Nature Trail - ... * **-a-- -------Formation Trail Old Faithful Inn * of FEET soo o 5OO 1000 15Oo 2000-2500 Upper Geyser Basin. - I) < Lil H. < —l ſl. / f Morning Glory Pool f -- § NUFan Geyser j own Lake, ortar Geyser * - - White Pyramid c, Spa Gºyseſ \Riverside Geyser &/ Geyser Gone, º, ºgºg | * Jºž Punch Bowl º tº:22 I ,” Sprig *2% ; sº --->23 ! sº ºyser 2’ Sand Māstiff Geyser lºgºjan ant Geyser - urple - tº oblong Geyser BLACK Pine Nº hromatic Poof Springs * \Beauty Pool - Sunset kºº \owave Spring # la pouter Geyser *Economic Geyser Grater Handkerchief oº: s Whistle G - §§ wi. hes i. urban Geyser GRAND A 2’ gaste veyser. bº;:Grand Geyser Z Emerald * ####, Triplets Vents GROUP O ol {{ •Spasmodic Geyser / wniii Ureyser (ſ) tº Il Gey $/ 3& - ... • - AN 2 .Neºgº. % > BASIN \ & Żół § V NRA wuseuwêN; [40] ---- - --- •ºwº CAMPING is permitted throughout Yellowstone National Park on specially design dºg camp sites easily recognized by signs. Leave clean grounds for the next camper. l - - via: v - ºr r - | foLIVINºrrow --o-o: 11-po º - - ºº:: - * * Lºº ºn M- -u ^ o-r- - :===l Motiºn: --------- -- wroming ------ to - ------ou- {-ºſs sºlº A.-4 L- L-kº- - - --- out, Traitºr-rulin-- ^***"fºrtmut ^ u-Gaoust's *** I --------> -u--u- ^ *atrºod ce-came mºn da 4osº-" º, N --------- shoshone § - 11.o.o.o. 1 *.0. d rºl 12 A in # - - I-7RLETRUTET - ºf-y ſº Rºº." ſº. - **** *— Vº ~~~ \ Wºº. **: - ther - *s------ à-l’ ---oo: rfortrº-Mtn - - - 3- P- 12.073 * >nbºrº - ºrsºn ºasin, cart Lake A re.--- LE was º ------- L.A.-E. º Mtns - 11.900 | ſ Pitchstone PLAreau * ºil--- ſ - TN TRIornt PLArtau ---> Thorofºr-autt- #":- -- 11.1oo º - ^ -O------- ~ ^-, -300 º - --tr. \ \ ~ --> HARK `s ºf a L E G E N Dºs 2 --------Y- 12 ** in arena t-tº- 896.0 mil-in Y-lo-tone sao mu-in Grand T-ton - ~~~~ *-( -*T*---- trº- { -— 4--. op- trºte enº anotrº-rº-e-open to 22. E.T.: º, | tº Map of Tellowstone and Grand Teton Parks. [41] OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Circulars of General Information for the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Acadia National Park * Carlsbad Caverns National Park Crater Lake National Park General Grant National Park Glacier National Park Grand Canyon National Park Grand Teton National Park Great Smoky Mountains National Park Hawaii National Park * - ** Hot Springs National Park 4 Lassen Volcanic National Park Mesa Verde National Park Mount McKinley National Park Mount Rainier National Park Rocky Mountain National Park Sequoia National Park Wind Cave National Park Yosemite National Park Wºr Zion and Bryce Canyon National Parks [42] �nwruowaw w • • •SCÌNVTSI Nw|IwAAWH BH-1, •Awal3|wap nw NoluwN ， N -- 4 -Elaeis oº， Ilºaenuwe ºs g. ~~~~wYA•. «»----1.Naºn Now AwwIITIW nwNołuwN. W w N·ſ„gºººº~ ~--~~~- - xae aevuſtuſae nw Noluvm • ººw ！-N*ģ%•^）w nºw laeſºn Now nw Nollawn 'w ºſº •-- «===,^W wnw, xwv« iww.ouww ‘º ‘N-~~{ }ſgïon "ºYN cu Nºsoº". ' +o，+\, ,şsa）, **####\，- •••№notae-** --, ¿§§}}ſºvº， osſon ,svo N \ ^ ^ ^?!?!? & Twºwoliwm! 3"… *}+ y ·*şi ſºšſiſw•wºw waesaeſºVögſ}}\，, \ >NIVÅNuowſ 7，5ög**j， * ?... nº v „Oaºso）, -$-- „¿?rawą，*S, §5 i H º \ NV × s v w e a NEºſºvºſso,·º N•) •• ‘º?¿Mõſſo‘W’N，• *dwu- • oºw, º RJTwvſae;*¿Naºnne suuosos*&wąTyw« +¿].*¿¿uor-ºlwyś{3}}}yy. ſa yoººº3）№ſoſ~]№ ā75īETTISEGIRMºšs）, „w^º）, ayºſ Rºſſ'xºgºživºči ſ; } -a NAyº Ğ Nſ -NNv ul o $， $''", ·ow?）'w w wawou snuķao • '^（'w wusa Ķ5%H i n o sišðff;'， W į+ loºt Odd# wwwa mwnolīīīīīīApw ºnsı ， **ts - 7.2 2- YELLOWST ONE N A T I O N A L P A R K + W. 1 O M I JW G + U.NITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE IN TERIOR JN A TI O WA L P A R K S E R VI C E UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKEs, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ARNo B. CAMMERER, Director YELLOWSTONE NATION AL PA R K WY O M IN G SEASON JUNE 20 TO SEPTEMBER 12 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 R U L E S A N D R E G U L A TI O N S. The park regulations are approved by the Secretary of the Interior and are designed for the protection of the natural features and scenery, as well as for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The following synopsis is for the general guidance of visitors. Complete regulations may be seen at the superintendent’s office and ranger stations. Preservation of Natural Features and Curiosities.—It is forbidden to injure or write upon the formations, throw objects into the springs or steam vents, or to disturb or carry off any of the mineral deposits, speci- mens, natural curiosities, etc., within the park. Destruction, injury, or disturbance of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. Camps.-Permanent camping sites are available in all sections; please help us, yourself, and others by keeping these camp grounds cleanſ Burn combustible rubbish, and place all other garbage and refuse in available garbage cans. All water in designated camp grounds is good water! Wood for fuel should be taken from dead or fallen trees. * Fires.—The park’s greatest peril. Do not kindle them near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., but in some open space on rocks or earth. They should be extinguished, and all embers.and bed smothered with earth or water. Don’t take chances—make sure your fire is out! * Bears.—It is unlawful and extremely dangerous to molest, tease, or touch bears. Feeding of bears in camp grounds and populated areas is prohibited. If you feed or photograph them, you do so at your own risk and peril. It is best to suspend food supplies in a box between two trees so as to keep them out of reach of bears. - Dogs and Cats.--Dogs and cats are permitted to be brought into the park but must be kept on leashes or in crates at all times. Government Responsibility.—The Government is in no way respon- sible for any kind of accident. Firearms.-Firearms are permitted but must be sealed upon entry. Fishing.—No license is required. Ten fish per person fishing constitutes the limit for a day’s catch, except in certain posted waters. Cameras.-The use of still- and motion-picture cameras is encouraged. Gambling.—Gambling in any form is prohibited. Saddle Horse, Pack Trains, Etc.—Saddle horse, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right-of-way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. All vehicles must be equipped for night travel. Lost and Found Articles.—Lost and found articles should be reported to the nearest ranger station. - Park Rangers.-Ranger stations are located at all main points of interest, and rangers are stationed throughout the entire park to serve you. Automobiles.—Drive carefully at all times; obey all park traffic rules. Secure automobile permit; fee $3. - Roger W. Toll, Superintendent. [II] DEPOSITED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA MAY 1 4 35 N C O N T E N T S THE GEYSERs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OTHER HoT-WATER PHENOMENA . . . . . . . . . YELLOwSTONE LAKE . . . . . e - © GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOwSTONE . . . . . DUNRAven PASS AND ToweR FALLs . . . . . . . . FOSSIL FORESTs . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYLVAN PASS AND RED CANYON OF SHOSHONE GREAT WILDLIFE REFUGE . . . . . . . . . . . FISHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK . . . . . . ADMINISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . NATURALIST SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PARK SEASON . . . . . . . . . . RAILROAD INFORMATION . . . . AIRPLANE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . MEDICAL SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TELEGRAMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TELEPHONE SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . PoST OFFICE . . . . . . . . . . HIGHways To YELLOwstone AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . PARK PHOTOGRAPHS . . . . . . . . . . . gº tº STORES AND NEws STANDs . . . . . . . . . . . . ACCOMMODATIONS AND EXPENSEs . . . . . . . ALL-ExPENSE TOURs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YELLOWSTONE TRAILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SURFACE TEMPERATUREs of HoT SPRINGs, GEYSERs, FUMAROLEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGs . . . . . . . [III] Don’t hurry through the park—enjoy it leisurely. :* The Haynes Guide Book of the Yellow- stone supplements this circular. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service, and is on sale at all points in the park. [Iv ) 1803. 1808. 1827. 1830. 1834. 1859. 1863. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1875. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1881. 1883. YELLO W S T O N E HISTORY Louisiana Purchase which included a portion of the present park. John Colter, the first known white man to set foot in this region, entered the park, but did not see the geysers. Jedediah Smith, a trapper, visited the Yellowstone and wrote in a letter about what he saw. James (Jim) Bridger, a trader and trapper, was in the area now a part of the park. . Warren Angus Ferris, fur trader, wrote the first known account of Yellowstone wonders. $ - The Raynolds Expedition attempted to enter this region in the winter of 1859–60 but was blocked by snow. Capt. W. W. DeLacy, in command of an unsuccessful prospecting expedition, discovered Lewis and Shoshone Lakes and Shoshone and Lower Geyser Basins. The Folsom-Cook-Peterson Expedition traversed the region. The Washburn-Langford–Doane Expedition spent several weeks exploring the Yellowstone country. Through its efforts the area was later set aside as a park. g - The Hayden Survey party entered the region to make official explorations and surveys. This work was continued in 1872 and completed in 1878. - - President Grant signed the Act of Dedication March 1, setting aside Yellowstone Park “ſor the benefit and enjoyment of the people”, thereby establishing the first national park as such in the world. Party headed by Capt. William Ludlow made a reconnaissance from Carroll, Mont., to Yellowstone Park and return. Obtained accurate measurements of the Yellowstone Falls. Gen. O. O. Howard in command of the pursuit of Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Indian, passed through the park. Superintendent Norris constructed the famous Norris Road, a wagon road from Mammoth to the lower Basin. Headquarters building constructed on Capitol Hill; guide boards placed to show names of important phenomena and distances; first white men spent winter in the region. Photographer F. Jay Haynes first visited the park. President Chester A. Arthur visited park. First President to visit the wonderland. Mammoth Hotel partially completed; tent hotels conducted at Upper and Lower Geyser Basins and Canyon. [v] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming 1884. 1885. 1886. 1890. 1890. 1894. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1907. 1912. 1915. 1918. 1920. 1923. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1932. Lower Basin Hotel erected. Two-story frame hotel erected in Upper Geyser Basin. Camp Sheridan, located on south side of Capitol Hill, established; one troop of cavalry stationed there for protection. Park placed under military regime. Last recorded eruption of Excelsior Geyser. Canyon Hotel erected. Erection of Fort Yellowstone commenced; completed in 1892. Congress passed protective act; United States commissioner ap- pointed. - º Reestablishment of buffalo herd undertaken. Northern Pacific Railroad completed to Gardiner, Mont. - Dedication of North Entrance Arch by President Roosevelt; Old Faithful Inn under construction; road from Cody, Wyo., to east entrance of park completed (construction commenced in 1890); construction of Chittenden Bridge. Old Faithful Inn opened; 13,727 visitors to park. Chittenden Road over Mount Washburn and Dunraven Pass finished, completing the Grand Loop. Oregon Short Line completed to West Yellowstone, Mont. Rail passengers first entered by east entrance. First private automobiles permitted in park; 51,895 visitors. Complete civilian control of Yellowstone Park under National Park Service rangers. Office of park naturalist created; first lecturer employed by the National Park Service. - * President and Mrs. Harding visited park. Howard Eaton Trail dedicated. President and Mrs. Coolidge visited the park. Opening of Gallatin Gateway for rail visitors. Donation of $110,000 for educational work by Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation, and beginning of museum development under the American Association of Museums. Park enlarged by act of March 1, 1929. Park boundaries further extended by act of April 19. Proclamation of October 20 enlarged park by 7,600 acres, under authority of act of March 26, 1926. [vi ) YELLO WST ONE NATIONAL PAR. K. HE Yellowstone, probably the best known of our national parks, was created by the act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 miles long and 54 miles wide, but the act of March 1, 1929, revis- ing its boundaries, gave it an area of 3,426 square miles, or 2,192,640 acres. On October 20, 1932, President Hoover signed a proclamation adding approximately 7,600 acres along the north line, near Gardiner, Mont., which now gives the park an area of about 3,438 square miles or approxi- mately 2,200,240 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated, volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Sur- rounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the enclosed tableland. Its geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no competitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in 2 or 3 days in Yellow- stone. Indeed, the spectacle is one of extraordinary novelty. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature’s secret laboratories. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted breccias along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the brilliantly colored decom- posed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. For a long time the chief public interest in Yellowstone centered around its spouting geysers and similar uncanny wonders of a dying volcanic region. Now that good roads and trails have made this great wilderness accessible, its beautiful forests, trout- filled lakes and streams, and its wild animal population attract as many visitors as the volcanic wonders. . 101903 O—35 [I] '1nfiņp， p1O Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming THE GEYSERS There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park. Most of them are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals. Others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power. Others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the high temperatures of the depths of the earth approach close to the surface. Much of the heat and an ap- preciable amount of gas and steam are added from considerable depths. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean seeps collecting in the geyser’s plumbing down in the region of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and forms steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and gives off clouds of vapor, a sign that the geyser is about to play. The tube or plumbing of the geyser must be crooked or constricted suffi- ciently to prevent easy circulation of the water. "With continued heat being applied from below, the water in the bottom of the geyser’s tube expands so that the less heated column above can no longer weigh it down, then water bubbles over and relieves the pressure of the superheated water below, which suddenly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward in an eruption. Then the water and the vapor rise many feet into the air and continue to play until practically all of the geyser is cleared. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, runs off or with other water, seeps into the ground to gather as before in the geyser’s depth, in a greater or less time becomes heated to the explosion point, and the geyser erupts again. Naturally, each geyser has a different plumbing, and it follows that it has a different behavior. In the geyser basins the material making up the walls of the cracks and tubes of the geysers is of silica, and strong enough to : withstand the explosive action of the steam. A less strong material, such as travertine, will not withstand this explosive action, and, hence, will not produce geysers. - One may readily make a geyser in the laboratory with a test tube, a little water, and a Bunsen burner. A geyser model may be seen at Old Faithful Museum. The water at the base of the tube in this geyser is heated by an electric element, and the geyser plays at short, regular intervals. After an eruption the water drains back into the bulb by another tube, where it remains until it becomes sufficiently hot to repeat the performance. [3] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming OTHER HOT WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot-water phe- nomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the west central part of the park, but other hot-water manifestations occur at more widely separated points. Marvelously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white min- eral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size." The hot water flows over the edges of these fretted basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, decorating them with hues of red, pink, tan, brown, and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants, microscopic in size, known as “diatoms”, occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, introducing strange, almost uncanny, elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. *** - • A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experience never to be forgotten. Some of the geysers play at quite regular intervals. For many years the celebrated Old Faithful has played with average regularity every 65 minutes. Some of the largest geysers play at irregular intervals of days, weeks, or months. Some very small ones play every few minutes. Many bubbling hot springs, which throw water 2 or 3 feet into the air once or twice a minute, are really small geysers. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe-inspiring spectacle. Well-marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often intensely blue. The incrustations are in many instances beauti- fully crystallized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. YELLOWSTONE LAKE Yellowstone Lake is itself a scenic attraction of the first order. It covers 138 square miles and is the largest lake in North America at so great-an altidude (7,731 feet). Its greatest depth is over 300 feet, and it has a shore line of approximately 100 miles. At West Thumb are paintpots and colored hot pools of great beauty. A side trip of 1% miles from Bridge Bay leads [4] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming to a natural bridge formed of lava. The United States fish hatchery is located along the main road on the north side of the lake not far from Lake Ranger Station. At the outlet of the lake is located the famous Fishing Bridge. Since the lake abounds in native or cutthroat trout (Salmo lewisi), many fish are caught here and in the other waters of the park each season. East of the Fishing Bridge about 34 mile, and on the lake shore, is a beautiful museum featuring the biology and geology of the lake region. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE But the geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. Indeed, the entire park is a wonderland. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are sev- eral in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. That is the one always meant when people speak of visiting “The Grand Canyon” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. & The Grand. Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is much the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its really marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. Standing upon Inspiration Point, which pushes out almost to the center of the canyon, one seems to look almost vertically down upon the foaming Yellowstone River. To the southwest a waterfall, twice the height of Niagara, rushes seemingly out of the pine-clad hills and plunges downward, to be lost from view behind a projecting parapet of the canyon wall. From that point to where one stands a glorious panorama widens out. The steep slopes, dropping on either side a thousand feet and more from the pine- topped levels above, are inconceivably carved and fretted by the frost and the erosion of the ages. Sometimes they lie in straight lines at easy angles, from which jut high rocky prominences. Sometimes they lie in huge hol- lows carved from the side walls. Here and there jagged rocky needles rise perpendicularly for hundreds of feet like groups of gothic spires. The dominant color of the canyon, especially when viewed on a sunshiny day, is yellow or even glaringly white in places, although a great variety of colors can be seen on closer inspection. In the morning or evening or on a cloudy day the colors may be seen in more striking contrast, and the pro- [5] Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming Sº º fºg§ §§ & º w &: - =-ºº-º- º ſº 㺠$#sº §§ ś Showing succession of buried forests through 2,000 feet of beds of Specimen Ridge. After Holmes. [6] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming fusion of tints presents an incomparable picture framed in the green of the surrounding forest. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. There are several spots from which fine partial views may be had, but no person can say he has really seen the canyon who has not stood upon Inspiration Point, on the north rim, and upon Artist Point, across the gorge. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLS From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass or the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls,where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is en- countered. The river’s gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. FOSSIL FORESTS The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the newly acquired region on the northwest, known as the “Gallatin Petrified Forests”, and in the northeast, known as the “Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests.” These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests” might imply. They are not readily accessible to the visitor, with the exception of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six-tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park today. They included broad-leaved species, such as laurel, sycamore, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. º There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out masses of eruptive fragments accompanied by great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dissolved and the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduc- tion in rock of the original form of the tree, in many cases cell for cell. [7] ·lººp fo spºupunų fo ºutoq 2\} są ſupºſ ºſ I. ： ：：： *** Tellowstone JNational Park—Wyoming In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repetition of this process 12 times—with intervening periods of volcanic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered and in time petrified. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. SYLVAN PASS AND RED CANYON OF THE SHOSHONE The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. - And miles farther on, where the united forks of the Shoshone won a precipitous way through enormous walls of rock, the Shoshone Dam, one of the highest in the United States, holds back for irrigation a large and deep lake of water and creates, through partnership of man and nature, a spectacle of grandeur perhaps unequaled of its kind. The road, which shelves and tunnels down the canyon, forcing a division of space with the imprisoned river, is one of the sensational drives of the West. * GREAT WILDLIFE REFUGE The Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most successful wildlife refuges in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,438 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them. The more than 300 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its yalleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer and bear and elk and antelope to his heart’s content, and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. In the fall and spring, when the crowds are absent, wild deer gather in great numbers at the hotel clearings to crop the grass. One of the diversions at the road builders' camp in the wilderness is cultivating the acquaintance of the animals. [9] ’ſpºnºs00!!! quipo fo uoņpuņupxø ºypu supºq qooqq ſuno Į Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when treated as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by experience in national parks to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, however, they become fierce antagonists indeed. - - It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family so to speak— are numerous in the park. While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that these bears, too, are wild animals and should be treated as such. This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, many deer and antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. - One of the thousand buffalo which inhabit the park. It is an excellent bird sanctuary also, where more than 200 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags. Wild geese and ducks are found in profusion. Many large white swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of the Yellowstone Lake. Bears are seen daily in summer at the feeding grounds at Canyon and Old Faithful and occasionally along the roads. Moose are seen quite often, especially in the evenings. Mountain sheep are seen sometimes on Mount [11] ‘ºuoņsam0/12 I ºff fo uoſ upp pupuſ) ºù I. Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming Washburn. Elk remain in the mountains above 8,000 feet and can usually be seen on hiking or horseback trips. Deer are frequently along roads and trails and antelope may nearly always be found near the north entrance. Beaver may be seen in the evenings along the ranger nature trail at Mam- moth Hot Springs and at other sections in the park. g In winter, elk, mule deer, antelope, and mountain sheep may be viewed at close range along the north line of the park and a lover of wild animals may be well repaid for taking a trip to Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs to see them. Many persons find the animals more interesting at this season than in summer. TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all “evergreens”, or members of the pine family. In most parts of the East the forests are composed of broad-leafed deciduous trees. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), sometimes known as “jack pine.” The most common tree of the park, abundant at low and middle altitudes and extending nearly up to timberline; probably three-fourths of the forest of the park is composed of this tree. The pines are distinguished from other ever- green trees by having their long slender leaves in bundles of two or more instead of being attached singly to the branches. In the lodgepole pine there are two leaves in each bundle. - Limber pine (Pinus flexilis), in the West often known as “white pine”. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on dry, rocky ridges, the trees usually scattered among those of other kinds. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 3 to 6 inches long, green when young, golden brown and opening when mature; bark dark brown, rough. White-bark pine (Pinus albicaulis), found only about timberline. Leaves five in each bundle; cones 1 to 3 inches long, brown-purple when young, remaining closed when mature; bark thin, whitish, scaly. Medium size tree except on adverse slopes. * * Firs. The firs have flat, blunt-tipped, or notched leaves 1 to 2 inches long. The cones are borne at the top of the tree, and they stand erect on the branches like candles on a Christmas tree; when ripe they fall apart. The bark of the firs is smooth and pale, and scattered over it are numerous blisters filled with liquid resin. * Alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), common about timberline and also at middle altitudes. Leaves rounded at the tip, not notched; those of the lower branches appearing two-ranked because of the twisted petioles. About timberline usually stunted and often lying flat on the ground; at lower altitudes a fine, large tree. [13] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata), sometimes known as “red fir.” Com- mon at middle altitudes. Leaves blunt-tipped, about an inch long, flat and soft; bark dark and rough; cones scattered all over the tree, drooping from the branches, not falling apart when mature, with long, three-lobed bracts which project beyond the scales of the cone. Easily recognized by pro- truding bracts of the cones, a character found in none of our other ever- green trees. A large tree, the most important source of lumber in the West. The spruces look much like the firs, but they have rigid sharp-pointed four-sided leaves (about 1 inch long) and thin, scaly, dark bark. The cones are borne near the top of the tree, and they droop from the branches; they do not fall apart when ripe. Englemann spruce (Picea engelmannii), the most common spruce, growing with lodgepole pine and Douglas fir, at middle altitudes. Twigs smooth, not hairy; cones 1% to 2 inches long. Rocky Mountain juniper or cedar (juniperus scopulorum), common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes. Closely resembling the common red cedar of the East; leaves very small and scalelike, attached by 2’s or 3's and * closely appressed to the twigs; fruit blue and berrylike; bark brown, easily peeled off in long shreds. The creeping juniper (juniperus sibirica), which is common at middle altitudes, is closely related. It is only a low shrub with awl-like leaves half an inch long or shorter which spread from the twigs. Aspen (Populus tremuloides), sometimes known as quaking aspen or quaking asp. The only common broadleaf tree; frequent on moist slopes at lower altitudes. A small, slender tree; bark smooth, whitish; leaves rounded, finely toothed. The leaves are on such slender stalks that they are kept in motion by the least breath of wind. Narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia), occasional along streams at low altitudes. A large tree with rough, pale bark; leaves resembling those of a willow, narrow, sharp pointed. The small seed pods contain numerous seeds, each of which bears a tuft of white hairs or “cotton.” Red birch (Betula frontinalis), usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams. Bark smooth, brown; twigs sticky; leaves broad, sharp pointed, coarsely toothed; flowers in catkins; fruit a small cone, which falls apart easily. Alders also grow along streams, but they are shrubs, never attaining the dimensions of trees. They look much like birches, but can be distinguished by the fact that their fruit cones are hard and woody, and do not fall apart like those of a birch. - Alder (Alnus tenuifolia), similar to birch; also found along streams; usually shrubby at high elevations; leaves more rounded; bark brownish-red to ashy gray; cones hard and woody, persisting during winter. [14] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming FISHING To thoroughly enjoy the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timberline down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species, and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by visitors that the trout become educated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon Junction, and Tower Falls. It may be rented from the porters at the Old Faithful Inn, and Grand Canyon Hotel, and from the Yellowstone Park Boat Co. at the Lake, Bridge Bay, and Fishing Bridge. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. NO FISHING LICENSE REOUIRED The native fish of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by a number of others planted by the Government in barren - - Nuº, photºgraph. Two young visitors pleased with their day's catch. waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fish. Persons planning to fish should provide themselves with the [15] ‘unºsnjºy 25pųq ſuņņºſ. Į Yellowstone National Park—Wyoming pamphlet entitled “Fishes of the Yellowstone National Park”, by Hugh M. Smith and William C. Kendall, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. This pamphlet contains a description of the park waters, a figure of each kind of fish in the park, together with notes on size, distribution, habits, game qualities, etc. It is a public document and is sold for 5 cents a copy. It may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in Yellowstone National Park at the Information Office, Mammoth Hot Springs, or the Old Faithful and Fishing Bridge Museums, but the latter offices cannot fill mail orders. GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax, 30 miles south of the park, in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,766 feet. This whole amazing outcropping of gigantic granite peaks is in many respects the most imposing, as certainly it is the most extraordinary, massing FEET 15000 13750 º FMT, MORAN MI.wº* tº Faisº 12500I ' 12594 Note: Mt. Washburn is on opposite side of 19?" wººts; 11155 || 12500 ſizsol/"A Ø\TEton MoUNTAINs this profile, but is shown for com: ; " : !ll 1250 \\s. parative height. t GALLATIN: RANGE 10000 º PITCHSTONE PLATEAU MADISDN PLATEAU ſº SHOSHONE LAKE 2S//? 87.50 S % f - geºs •º, ºA: 7500.J. Z. & g - -] ºšZºrrº”” *500 -- it - * z cº- - E. sº. sº rº- - ...W. sº : % #%# #4%% % Sł6250 5000 //, tº: E.; =: #!#: 72%:22:#. til 2 sºl 5000 | Ezzº-E %H. & gº tº º ãº/ Aujº 3750 2. %; º: #2//#2%; #5%;5% %; ##45&L3750 férôºoſtraſtá?ſsé ſºfſkręſ; 3%; : %%iº 2500|^2/FROM SHORE OF JACKSON % É % % * % %%; %; 2Z:53:5.2500 %9. Road// % Ø *** =^33 1250 % Żºłºśogº.4%jºjż” SEA LºvEſ —in'irº Yellowsronºnº GRANDTEröN NATióNAL FARKs/ZMILES WEST OF THE ROADžºvel 126 120 90 80 70 60 50 40 o 0. 10 Geologic section of the Tellowstone-Grand Teton region. of mountain spires in America. It rises more than 7,000 feet vertically from the lake and plain. Seen from the road at Moran, where the Snake River escapes from the reclamation dam which pens flood waters within Jackson Lake for the benefit of farms in arid western lands, these mountains seem actually to border the lake's west shore. It is hard to realize that these stupendous creations of the Master Architect, bearing upon their shoulders many glistening glaciers, are 9 miles away. The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone Na- [17] ‘unºsnjºy yn fiņp， p1O 10 210.40 ºuſſupo ſae~~~~ · Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming º tional Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 47 miles; and an additional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes, as well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Moun- tains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey. Automobile. stages run regularly between Yellowstone Park and Moran. ADMINISTRATION Headquarters of Yellowstone National Park are at Mammoth Hot Springs, 5 miles from the north gateway. Here are the executive offices of the park administration and of the public utilities that operate in the park under Government regulation and supervision. The officer of the National Park Service in immediate charge of the park is the superintendent, Roger W. Toll. His office is in the general head- quarters building and his address is Yellowstone Park, Wyo. All comments regarding service in the park should be addressed to the superintendent. Offenders charged with violation of the rules and regulations are tried at headquarters by the United States commissioner, Judge J. W. Meldrum. The park is protected by a permanent ranger force composed of men who are skilled in forest-fire fighting and in the detection of offenses in violation of the rules and regulations governing the park. This ranger force is aug- mented in the summer season by temporary rangers who are assigned to protect the natural features of the park from depredations by thoughtless and careless visitors. This temporary force as well as the regular ranger service is charged with the duty of giving information to visitors and render- ing other assistance to the touring public. NATURALIST SERVICE Ranger naturalists conduct parties at Mammoth, Norris Geyser Basin, . Madison Junction, Old Faithful, West Thumb, Yellowstone Lake, Fishing Bridge, and Canyon. Many lectures are given in the evenings, and the service is rendered by the National Park Service ranger naturalists without charge or obligation of any kind. w The National Park Service has established official information bureaus in museums at Mammoth, Norris, Old Faithful, and Fishing Bridge. This is a free service for all visitors. Circulars of general information, regarding Yellowstone and the other national parks, and automobile maps of the Yellowstone National Park are on hand for free distribution. Pamphlets * [19] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming on geysers, geological history, fossil forests, and fish of the Yellowstone, topographic maps, and other publications pertaining to the park are on sale at nominal charges at all museums except Norris and Madison Junction. The Mammoth Museum is devoted to a general survey of the natural and human history of the park. Old Faithful Museum, between the inn and the auto camp, is devoted largely to geyser activity and its products. The Norris Geyser Basin Museum is remarkable for its simple and easy manner of telling the story of volcanism in the park, as well as of the thermal features of that area. Madison Junction Museum is devoted to historical events of the park, while Fishing Bridge Museum deals primarily with the biologic life of the park and the history and geology of Yellowstone Lake. A field exhibit near Obsidian Cliff explains that great mountain of volcanic glass, and other roadside exhibits, explaining local features of interest to the vis- itor, are also located near Silver Gate, Swan Lake, Willow Park, Nymph Lake, Tuff Cliff, and Firehole Canyon. THE PARK SEASON The main season exténds from June 20 to September 12, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between the time the roads are cleared of snow (which is usually about June 1), and June 20, and between September 12 and October 15 limited accommodations of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. Camp grounds may be used and the general stores, gasoline filling stations, and picture shops are open at several points. September 9 is the last day on which the 3%-day motor-bus tour may be started. RAILROAD INFORMATION The Northern Pacific Railroad reaches the park on the north, at Gardi- ner, Mont., and also from Bozeman, reaching the park via the Gallatin Gateway; the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad also serves the Gallatin Gateway entrance; the Union Pacific system reaches it on the west, at West Yellowstone, Mont., and on the south from Victor, Idaho; the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad reaches Cody, Wyo., from which the eastern entrance to the park is reached by the auto-stage drive of 53 miles; and the Chicago & North Western Railway has its terminal at Lander, Wyo., 179 miles from the south entrance. During the park season round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are sold at practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Gardi- ner, Bozeman, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Cody, and Lander, as destinations. From the Middle West, East, and South, such [20] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming round-trip excursion tickets may be routed so that one may enter the park through any of these seven gateways, and leave from the same gateway or any one of the other six. From many sections trips may be planned to include visits to two or more of the following national parks and monuments in the Rocky Mountain region: Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Glacier, Rocky Mountain, Mesa Verde, Zion, and Bryce National Parks and the Craters of the Moon, Devils Tower, and monuments of the Southwest. Passengers wishing to visit Yellowstone National Park as a side trip in con- nection with journeys to other destinations will find stop-over privileges available and may make side trips to the park from Livingston, Billings, Bozeman, and Gallatin Gateway, Mont.; Pocatello, Idaho; Ogden and Salt Lake City, Utah; or Frannie, Wyo.; all of which are stop-over points on both one-way and round-trip tickets, or from Butte, Mont., which is a stop-over point on round-trip tickets. Coupons covering auto-stage transportation and accommodations at the park hotels or lodges for a “sight-seeing” tour of the park of about 4 days’ duration may be included in railroad tickets at proper additional charges which are the same as those in effect at the park. The National Park Service, however, recommends to the traveling public that stop-overs of as long duration as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Yellowstone National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may be glimpsed on a hurried trip of a few days but also as a vacation playground of boundless opportunities for rest and recreation. Storage charges for baggage will be waived by the interested railroads at Livingston, Gardiner, West Yellowstone, Pocatello, Idaho Falls, Ogden, Salt Lake City, Lander, Cody, Frannie, Bozeman, Gallatin Gateway, Billings, or at Butte (by C., M., St. P. & P. R. R.), for actual length of time consumed by passengers in making the park trip. Baggage may be checked to stations via which passengers enter the park, i. e., Gardiner, Bozeman, West Yellowstone, Victor, Gallatin Gateway, Lander, or Cody. For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply to local ticket agents of any railroad, general passenger agents of western lines, and tourist agencies. AIRPLANE INFORMATION Northwest Air Lines in its Seattle to Chicago service has stops at Butte and Billings. United Air Lines has a connection at Salt Lake City with the Alfred Frank Air Line to Butte. The Wyoming Air Service connects Cheyenne and Billings via Casper and Sheridan. [21] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming MEDICAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has headquarters at Mammoth Hot Springs where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are constantly available. A well-equipped hospital with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. Physicians of the medical service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are provided with adequately equipped dispensaries. In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse, proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical service can be summoned by telephone. Rates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. TELEGRAMS Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.”, as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mam- moth Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of undelivered telegrams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. TELEPHONE SERVICE Telephone service is available to any part of the world to which Bell System lines connect. Calls placed to Yellowstone Park, Wyo., for persons within the park will reach them if they are at any of the hotels, lodges, or principal auto camps. POST OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. Railroad visitors are advised to have their mail addressed care of the “Yellowstone Park Hotel Co.” or the “Yellowstone Park Lodge & Camps Co.”, depending upon whether the trip is to be made via hotels or lodges. All mail so addressed is first received at the Mammoth offices of the hotels and lodges and distributed from these points. If no particular hotel or lodge is designated in the address the mail [22] Tellowstone National Park—Wyoming is held at the Mammoth offices of the hotels or lodges pending directions to forward. General-delivery mail must be called for at the post office at Mammoth Hot Springs, but can on request be forwarded to hotels, lodges, or by daily carrier to postal stations on the loop. Automobile visitors should have their mail addressed with their name, “care of General Delivery, Yellowstone Park, Wyo.”, and should call for same at the post office on their arrival at Mammoth Hot Springs. Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside, and their location with regard to trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. In addition to the Yellowstone post office there are five postal stations in the park, at Old Faithful, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 20 to September 19 by motor route between the main office and the stations. HIGHWAYS TO YELLOWSTONE Yellowstone National Park may be reached from all major points, in- cluding other national parks and monuments, via improved United States highways. American Automobile Association offices throughout the coun- try are prepared to furnish reliable information as well as maps showing routes to and from the park. • Inquiry should be made at various cities concerning road conditions. - - Yellowstone National Park may be reached from the following highways: Gardiner, Mont. (north entrance): U. S. Highways 10 and 87 W.; U. S. Highways 2 and 87 W.; U. S. Highways 10 and 12; U. S. Highways 16 and 10. - * * Cody, Wyo. (east entrance): U.S. Highways 16 and 20; U. S. Highway 20; U. S. Highway 10 to Billings, 310 south to Cody. Snake River (south entrance): U. S. Highway 87 W. (over Togwotee Pass); U. S. Highway 187 (via Hoback Canyon); U. S. Highways 191 and 22 (via Swan Valley and Teton Pass); U. S. Highways 191 and 33 (Sugar City and Teton Pass). West Yellowstone, Mont. (West entrance): U. S. Highway 10 to Bozeman and south through Gallatin Gateway; U. S. Highway 91 or 10 to Butte, thence southwest via Virginia City and Ennis or Harrison and Ennis; U. S. Highway 191 from Pocatello. Cooke, Mont. (northeast entrance): U. S. Highway 10 to Laurel, and southwest via Red Lodge; U. S. Highways 420 and 310 from Cody. [23] Tellowstone National Park– Wyoming AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES The Yellowstone Park Transportation Co. and the general stores through- out the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the transportation company and filling stations carry a stock of automobile accessories, tires, etc. The transportation company also maintains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge Auto Camp, and Grand Canyon. FUEL Wood yards are operated on the “Cash and Carry” basis by the Yellow- stone Park Fuel Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Department of the Interior. PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond-shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case initials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of economy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Fractions of miles have been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. The following is a key to the milepost initials: N. E. North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. W. E. West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E. East entrance, 53 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S. E. South entrance, 24 miles north of Moran, Wyo. M. S. Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop system. N. J. Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J. Madison Junction where the west-approach road joins the loop system. - O. F. Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T. West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. L. J. Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop system. * C. J. Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. 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Lº. 15 Ottº ‘ſes§ 35×***! � ‘Awą ze ’oi ‘a ‘s ºn : yłA 19đureo 4xou aq, Iog spum013 ub310 9AbøT ’suºſs &q pązțuºooa， ÁIſsbø søņſs đureo ¿??¿?, paņeuſsøp ÁITeț09đs ſuo queaſ TeuoņeN au04sA0Iſºx qnoq3noJq4 pºļļļūII9đ sț ĐNIH INVO "¿?33 Niſaeuae. № Lºcae èłENICJ&JV5) ！ * ALL-EXPENSE TOURS In connection with railway tickets to Gardiner, Bozeman, Red Lodge, Gallatin Gateway, and West Yellowstone, Mont., and Cody, Wyo., standard 3%-day tours of Yellowstone Park are sold at all railroad ticket offices, where full information may be obtained. The basic rate for these tours, including hotel accommodations and bus transportation in the park, is $42.50. The rate for lodge accommodations and bus transportation is $40.50. BUS INFORMATION The Burlington Transportation Co., a subsidiary of the Chicago, Bur- lington, & Quincy Railroad, serves Cody, Wyo.; the Union Pacific Stages, Inc., a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad, operates to West Yellow- stone, Mont.; and the Northland Greyhound Lines serves Livingston and Bozeman, Mont. From Cody, West Yellowstone, and Bozeman bus pas- sengers use the busses of the Yellowstone Park Co. for their park trip, while from Livingston the trip can be made by train or bus to Gardiner, Mont., the north entrance, at which point the busses of the Yellowstone Park Co. are available. For futher information regarding bus transportation from Cody, West Yellowstone, Bozeman, and Livingston to and through the park, including rates, communicate with the Yellowstone Park Co., Yellowstone Park, Wyo. 18 - YELLows Ton E N AT Ion AL PARK - w Yom ING AIRPLANE INFORMATION Yellowstone National Park is accessible by airplane from all parts of the United States, with service provided direct to the West Yellowstone Air- port, 30 miles from Old Faithful Inn. This service is a joint one of the United Air Lines, from the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, and the Western Air Express which connects with the former at Salt Lake and flies to the park entrance. - The air traveler may leave points as far away as New England, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago at the close of the business day, or later, and reach Old Faithful Inn at the lunch hour the following day. There is similar overnight serv- ice from all major Pacific coast points. The Northwest Air Lines in its Seattle to Chicago service has stops at Butte and Billings, and Wyoming Air Service connects Cheyenne and Billings via Casper and Sheridan. - The Western Air Express conducts regularly scheduled flights over the park from West Yellowstone. - Information on airplane service may be obtained at any air-line office, travel bureau, or telegraph office. 1 * HIGHWAYS TO YELLOWSTONE Yellowstone National Park may be reached from all major points, in- cluding other national parks and monuments, via improved United States highways. Automobile association offices, tourist bureaus, chambers of commerce, and leading gasoline filling stations throughout the country are prepared to furnish reliable information as well as maps showing routes to and from the park. s - - Inquiry should be made at various cities concerning road conditions. Yellowstone National Park may be reached from the following highways: Gardiner, Mont (north entrance): United States Highways Nos. 10 and 89. - Cody, Wyo. (east entrance): United States Highways Nos. 14 and 20 United States Highway No. 10 to Laurel, and United States Highways Nos. 310 and 14 south to Cody. Snake River (south entrance): United States Highway No. 287 (over Togwotee Pass); United States Highways Nos. 89 and 187 (via Hoback Canyon); United States Highway No. 191 and State Highways Nos. 33 and 22 (via Teton Pass). - West Yellowstone, Mont. (west entrance): United States Highway No. 10 to Bozeman and south on United States Highway No. 191 through Gallatin Gateway; United States Highway No. 10 to Butte, thence southeast via YELLow ST on E N AT I on AL PARK - w Yom ING . 19 State Highway No. 1 through Harrison and Ennis; United States Highway No. 191 from Pocatello. + Cooke, Mont. (northeast entrance): United States Highway No. 10 to Laurel and southwest via State Highway No. 32 through Red Lodge; United States Highways Nos. 14 and 310 and State Highway No. 32 from Cody. PARK MILEPOST SYSTEM The milepost signs in Yellowstone National Park are diamond-shaped steel signs with raised letters, which are in every case initials of a junction point on the loop-road system or a park gateway. As a measure of econo- omy these signs have not always been placed exactly 1 mile apart. Frac- tions of miles have been dropped in order that two mileage signs might always be placed on one steel post. For instance, between Gardiner and Mammoth Hot Springs, a speedometer indicates that the distance is slightly over 5 miles, yet the mileage signs state the distance as 5 miles. w The following is a key to the milepost initials: N. E.-North entrance at Gardiner, Mont. ... W. E.-West entrance at West Yellowstone, Mont. E. E.-East entrance, 53 miles west of Cody, Wyo. S. E.-South entrance, 24 miles north of Moran, Wyo. . M. S.–Mammoth Hot Springs, where the north-approach road joins the loop system. N. J.-Norris Junction, near Norris Geyser Basin, where a road leads directly across the park to the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. M. J.-Madison Junction, where the west-approach road joins the loop system. * - - O. F.—Old Faithful, at the head of Upper Geyser Basin. W. T.-West Thumb of Yellowstone Lake, where the south-approach road joins the loop system. - - L. J.-Lake Junction, where the east or Cody approach road joins the loop system. ... • - C.J.-Canyon Junction, where a road leads directly across the park from the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone to Norris Geyser Basin. T. J.-Tower Junction, where the road to the Buffalo Ranch and Cooke, Mont., leaves the loop system. - C. E.—Cooke Entrance, 4 miles southwest of Cooke, Mont., where the northeast approach road from Red Lodge joins the park highway system. Mt. W.-Stands for the Mount Washburn Road. - There is a ranger station at each of the above entrances and near the junction points. º 20 - YELLows To NE NATIONAL PARK - w Yom ING The main road system of Yellowstone Park is roughly in the form of a figure 8. This system is called the “Grand Loop” Highway. There are approximately 145 miles of improved highways in the main system. The approach roads are the feeders to the loop system and they lead from all park gateways to junction points as above indicated. The aggre- gate length of approach roads in the park is approximately 123 miles. Other subsidiary roads in the park leading to points of interest have a combined length of 47 miles. Outside of the park boundaries, by special authority of Congress, the National Park Service maintains approximately 30 miles of the south- approach road in the Teton National Forest. - MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Post OFFICE The main post office in the park is called Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and is located at Mammoth Hot Springs. When visitors contemplate a trip to . Yellowstone Park, they should advise their correspondents to have their mail addressed to them in care of General Delivery, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and should call for same at the post office upon their arrival at Mammoth Hot Springs. Visitors arriving by train and using the hotels or lodges should have their mail addressed in their name, care of the Yellow- stone Park Co., Yellowstone Park, Wyo., and should include in the address one of the hotels or lodges at which they expect to stop and call for mail. In addition to the Yellowstone Park, Wyo., post office there are six postal stations located around the main loop of the park. These stations are: Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon, and Tower Falls. Daily service is maintained from June 12 to October 1, by star route between the main office and these stations. - - - Post offices near the park entrances are all located outside of the park and their location with regard to the trip as planned should be studied before having mail forwarded to them. Do not have your mail addressed to the entrances, but have it addressed to the nearest park office at your point of entrance. For instance, those coming by the west entrance should have their mail addressed to their name, care of General Delivery, Old Faithful Postal Station, Yellowstone Park, Wyo.” TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SERVICE Telegrams may be sent from hotels or lodges to any part of the world. Park visitors should use “Yellowstone Park, Wyo.” as their telegraphic address and should inquire for messages at the telegraph office in the Mam- YELLOWST ONE NATIONAL PARK - w Yom ING - 21 moth Springs Hotel, Mammoth Hot Springs. Lists of undelivered tele- grams are posted daily at hotels, lodges, loop ranger stations, stores, and information offices. These lists are posted for your benefit and convenience. Inspect them daily. There may be a telegram for you. Telephone service is available to any part of the world to which Bell System lines connect. Calls placed to Yellowstone Park, Wyo., for persons within the park will reach them if they are at any of the hotels, lodges, or principal auto camps. MEDICAL SERVICE The medical service of Yellowstone National Park has headquarters at Mammoth Hot Springs where physicians and a surgeon of long experience are constantly available. A well-equipped hospital with trained nurses and other skilled personnel is a part of this service. A fine ambulance is kept in readiness for instant service. Physicians of the medical service staff will promptly attend patients at any place in the park upon call. Trained nurses are also stationed in each hotel and lodge, and these establishments are provided with adequately equipped dispensaries. - *r * In case of accident or illness requiring the service of a physician or nurse, proceed at once to the nearest hotel, lodge, or ranger station, where medical service can be summoned by telephone. , sº- Rates for medical and hospital service are the same as prevailing rates in cities near the park. PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE Haynes (Inc.), address, Yellowstone Park, Wyo., in summer, and 341 Selby Avenue, St. Paul, Minn., at any season, maintains picture shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Thumb, Fishing Bridge, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls, and stands in various hotels and lodges for sale of photographs in all sizes and styles, as well as hand-painted enlargements, lantern slides, motion pictures, souvenir post cards, photographic supplies, and guidebooks. Laboratories in the park are maintained for developing, printing, and enlarging photographs. GENERAL STORES AND NEWSSTANDS At Mammoth Hot Springs a general store is operated by Pryor and Trischman, who also maintain a store where food supplies can be obtained by campers in the free auto camp. The Park Curio Shop, Mammoth Hot Springs, operates a combined curio shop, coffee shop, and soda fountain, and at the free auto camp a combined lunchroom and cafeteria. . 22 - YELLow ST on E N AT ſon AL PARK wyoming Haynes photo OLD FAITH FUL *::: At Old Faithful, C. A. Hamilton operates two general stores, one near the hotel and the other in the public auto camp. * * At West Thumb and Lake (between Lake Hotel and Lake Lodge) gen- eral stores are also operated, with store at Fishing Bridge free auto camp. At the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, near Canyon Junction, Pryor and Trischman conduct the general store that serves the Canyon district. At Tower Falls a general store and lunchroom is maintained by J. E. Haynes, and a small general store is operated in connection with Camp Roosevelt. - - In all of the general stores, in addition to complete lines of groceries, clothing, and campers’ supplies, are carried curios, souvenirs, tobacco, smokers' supplies, etc. Stores are open before and after the park season to serve motorists, weather permitting. - . . In all the hotels and lodges there are newsstands at which curios, sou- venirs, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, smokers' supplies, etc., are also available. AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES - - The Yellowstone Park Co. and the general stores throughout the park are authorized to sell gasoline and oil, and the company and filling stations carry a stock of automobile accessories, tires, etc. The company also main- tains garages and repair shops at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge Auto Camp, Grand Canyon, and Tower Falls. FUEL Woodyards are operated on the cash-and-carry basis by the Yellowstone Park Co. in all large automobile camps, at which bundles of sawed and split wood of convenient size are obtainable at prices approved by the Depart- ment of the Interior. ACCOMMODATIONS AND EXPENSES HOTELS The Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel, Old Faithful. Inn, and Canyon Hotel, operated by the Yellowstone Park Co., will be open during the 1938 season from June 20 to September 12. Lake Hotel will be open during the months' of July and August. These are first-class hotels with the charm of a wilder- ness setting, and the rates are comparable with those that prevail in met- ropolitan hotels of the same type, though all supplies have to be hauled great distances. The rates range from $2.75 per day, without meals, for one person in a room without bath to $9 per day for a room with bath for one person, meals included. Meals only: Breakfast, $1.25; lunch and dinner, $1.50 each. 24 . YEL Low's To NE NATIo NAI PARK - w Yom ING In connection with the Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel, there are comfort- able cottages, some with hot and cold running water and others in addition have shower and toilet. The rates for these cottages range from $2.50, single, for cottage with running hot and cold water, to $3.50, single, for cottage with shower and toilet. - Telegraph and telephone service is available in each hotel. It is advis- able to request reservations in advance. Hotel, lodge, and cabin accommo- dations should be requested of the Yellowstone Park Co., Yellowstone Park, Wyo. - LODGES Lodges are maintained at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Yellow- stone Lake, and Canyon by the Yellowstone Park Co.; including meals (American plan), $4.50 a day each for two or more in a cabin, with chil- dren up to 8 years old, half rates. Also operated on European plan. CABINS AND CAFETERIAS These are available at rates ranging from $1 a night for one person to $2.50 for four persons. They are equipped with the necessary furniture but do not include bedding, linens, or cooking utensils. These items may be rented at reasonable prices if one does not have all his camping equip- ment. The rate for a fully equipped cabin is $1.75 a night for one person; two or more in a cabin $1.50 each. There are cafeterias at Mammoth Hot Springs, Old Faithful, Fishing Bridge, West Thumb, and Canyon automobile camps; cabin accommodations and meals at Camp Roosevelt. BOATS Speedboats, launches, rowboats, and fishing tackle may be rented from the Yellowstone Park Co. Launches, including the use of fishing tackle; cost $3.50 an hour. Half-hour speedboat trips on Yellowstone Lake will be made for $1 a person. A rod, reel, and landing net may be rented for 50 cents a day. A boat trip, including fishing and fish fry at Stevenson Island, is a popular feature. - SADDLE HORSES AND GUIDEs There is no better way to see the park than on horseback over some of the 900 miles of trails. An unlimited number of specially scheduled trips are available. Among them are excursions from Canyon Hotel to Cascade Lake and to the famous Seven-Mile Fishing Hole, down in the canyon of the Yellowstone River, and from Old Faithful Inn to Lone Star Geyser. These trips may be made for as low as $2.50. Horses may be rented at 75 cents an hour; $2.50 for a half day; and $3.50 for a full day of 8 hours. Guide service is available for $1 an hour; $3 a half day; and $5 for a full day. YELLOWST ONE NATIONAL PARK w y o MING .. 25 TRANSPORTATION The Yellowstone Park Co. maintains bus and special car service for trans- portation to and from all park entrances, park tours, side trips, and Grand Teton National Park, south of Yellowstone. Inquire at any concentration point in the park for rates and schedules. - SWIMMING POOLS Swimming pools, using natural hot water from the hot springs and geysers, are located at Mammoth Hot Springs and Old Faithful. GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK The Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming, created February 26, 1929, lies a few miles south of Yellowstone National Park. The magnificent Teton Mountains border Jackson Lake on its west side, rising rapidly in a series of remarkably toothed and jagged peaks until they reach a sublime climax in the Grand Teton, which rises cathedral-like to an altitude of 13,766 . feet, 30 miles south of the park. The superlative mountain scenery of the Grand Teton region is entirely different from the scenery and extraordinary features of Yellowstone Na- tional Park, and visitors to Yellowstone should include in their tour, if possible, a visit to the Grand Teton National Park. From the Thumb, on Yellowstone Lake, the distance to Moran, on Jackson Lake, is only 47 miles; and an additional drive of 16 miles brings one to the shore of String Lake, lying between Jenny Lake and Leigh Lake. From each of these lakes, as well as from points on the road leading to them, views of the Teton Moun- tains may be obtained that amply repay the short journey. Automobile stages run regularly between Yellowstone Park and Moran. - PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE IN THE PARK . ANIMAL LIFE OF YELLowsTone PARK. By Vernon Bailey. 241 pages. ,-, THE YELLowsTONE NATIONAL PARK. By H. M. Chittenden. 286 pages. Historical and descriptive. - - & Bob FLAME, RANGER. By Dorr G. Yeager. 295 pages. CUBBY IN WONDERLAND. By Frances Joyce Farnsworth. 140 pages. A book primarily for children. - - CUBEY RETURNs. By Frances Joyce Farnsworth. 170 pages. TRAPPER JIM's FABLEs of SHEEPEATER INDIANS IN YELLowsTONE. By La Verne H. Fitzgerald. - THE TREES AND SHRUBs of YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK, By P. H. Hawkins. 125 pages. - HAYNEs GUIDE To YELLowSTONE NATIONAL PARK. By J. E. Haynes, 190 pages. MAw’s VACATION IN THE YELLowsTone. By Emerson Hough. 70 pages. 26 - YELLows to NE NATIONAL PARK - w Yom ING Discovery of THE YELLOwstone, 1870. By N. P. Langford. 188 pages. POEMs of NATURE AND WILD LIFE. By E. J. Sawyer. 74 pages. BIRDs of THE YELLowsTone. By M. P. Skinner. - THE YELLowsTONE NATURE Book. By M. P. Skinner. 299 pages. - § BEARS OF THE YELLOwstone. By M. P. Skinner. 151 pages. THE AMERICAN ANTELOPE. By M. P. Skinner. 27 pages. ADVENTURES IN GEYSERLAND. By H. D. Guie and L. V. McWhorter. 318 pages. . TRAILSIDE NOTEs, No. 1. A guide to the road between Mammoth Springs and Old Faithful. 35 pages. TRAILSIDE NOTEs, No. 2. A guide to the road from Fishing Bridge to Mammoth by way of Dunraven Pass. 25 pages. •. TREES AND FLOwers of YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. By Frank E. A. Thone. 92 pages. • - OUR WILDERNESS NEIGHBORs. By Dorr G. Yeager. 160 pages. OH, RANGER! By H. M. Albright and F. J. Taylor. 272 pages. MAP OF THE YELLOwsTONE. By Jo Moro. (The fun map of the park.) THE STORY OF YELLOwsTONE GEYSERs. By C. Max Bauer, 125 pages and map. PLACE NAMES OF YELLOwstone NATIONAL PARK. By C. Max Bauer. 100 pages. BUGs, BIRDs, AND BLIzzARDs. By H. B. Mills. 47 pages. , Government PUBLICATIONs Mororists GUIDE. Distributed in the park only. Free. , FISHEs of Yellowstone NATIONAL PARK. By Hugh M. Smith and W. C. Kendall. 30 pages, illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 5 cents. GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK. By Arnold Hague. 24 pages, illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 10 cents. FossIL FORESTs of YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK. By F. H. Knowlton. 32 pages, illus- trated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 15 cents. RECREATIONAL MAP. Federal reservations throughout the United States with recrea- tional opportunities. Brief descriptions of principal ones. National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Free. Giurses OF OUR NATIONAL PARKs. Illustrated, 94 pages. Address as above. NATIONAL PARKs Portfolio. By Robert Sterling Yard. Cloth bound. More than 300 carefully chosen illustrations. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. $1.50. - FAUNA OF THE NATIONAL PARKs. Series No. 1. By G. M. Wright, J. S. Dixon, and . B. H. Thompson. 157 pages, illustrated. Survey of wildlife conditions in the national parks. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20 cents. FAUNA of THE NATIONAL PARKs. Series No. 2. By G. M. Wright and B. H. Thompson. 142 pages, illustrated. Wildlife management in the national parks. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20 cents. - MAP OF YELLOwsTONE NATIONAL PARK. 38% by 39% inches, scale 2 miles to the inch. Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Washington, D. C. 25 cents. t , PLANTs of Yellowstone NATIONAL PARK. By W. B. McDougall and Herma A. Baggley. ‘Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Illustrated. 25 cents. YELLow ST ONE N AT I on AL PARK - w Yom ING . 27 REFERENCES ALBRIGHT H.M., and TAYLOR, F. J. Oh, Ranger! . A book about the national parks. ALTER, J. CECIL: - James Bridger. A biography. - Through the Heart of the Scenic West. 1927. 220 pages, illustrated. Shepard Book Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. - BURROUGHs, John. Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt. 111 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York. CHANEY, JACK. Foolish Questions, Yellowstone National Park. Published by Haynes Picture Shops, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Fourth edition, 1929. 94 pp., illustrated. DUNRAven, EARL of. The Great Divide: Travels in the Upper Yellowstone in Summer of 1874. 1876. 377 pp., illustrated. Reprinted in 1917 under title of Hunting in the Yellowstone, edited by Horace Kephart, 333 pp. Evarts, HAL G. Passing of the Old West. 1921. Relates to wildlife of the park. FARIs, JoHN T. Roaming the Rockies. 1930. 333 pp., illustrated. Farrar & Rinehart. FARQUHAR, FRANCIs P. Reading Up on the Yellowstone. Free pamphlet published and distributed by Haynes Picture Shops, Inc., St. Paul, Minn. Fordyce, Dr. C. P. Trail Craft. 1922. 202 pp. Published by Stewart Kidd Co., Cincinnati. FREEMAN, LEwis R. Down the Yellowstone. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published by , Dodd, Mead & Co. * FROTHINGHAM, Robert. Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride and Company, New York. - HoLMEs, BURTON. Travelogues, vol. 6; The Yellowstone National Park; the Grand Canyon of Arizona; Moki Land. 1908. 336 pp., illustrated. JACKSON, WM. H., and HowARD R. DRIGGs. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929. 314 pp., illustrated. The World Book Co., Yonkers-on-Hudson, N. Y. - JEFFERs, LE Roy. Call of the Mountains. 1922. 282 pp., illustrated. Published b Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. - KANE, J. F. Picturesque America. 1935. 256 pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick. Gumbrecht, Brooklyn, N. Y. KELLEY, EDGEMOND, and CHICK. Three Scout Naturalists in the National Parks. 1931. Brewer, Warren & Putnam, - KIPLING, RUDYARD. American Notes. Issued in several editions. One chapter con- tains an account of a trip through the Yellowstone Park in 1889. - - MILLs, ENOs A. Your National Parks. 1917. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton Mifflin Co. *. MUIR, JoHN. Our National Parks. 1909. 382 pp., illustrated. QUICK, HERBERT. Yellowstone Nights. 1911. 345 pp. - - Rolfe, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book two, 1928, 329 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Chicago, New York, and Boston. - RYDBERG, PER AxEL. Catalog of the flora of Montana and the Yellowstone National Park. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 1, 1900. 492 pp., map. SETON, ERNEST THOMPson. Life Histories of Northern Animals. 1909. Two quarto volumes, 1,267 pp., with 68 maps and 560 drawings. Deals largely with Yellowstone mammals. -* SMITH, WALLACE. On the Trail in Yellowstone. 1924. 105 pp., illustrated. G. P. Putnam’s Sons. ... -º 28 - YELLow's To N E N AT Ion AL PARK - w Yom ING WARREN, EDward R. The Beaver in Yellowstone Park. Notes on the Beaver in Estes Park, Colo. Roosevelt Wild Animal Annals. Syracuse University, October 1926. WRIGHT, WILLIAM H.: . The Grizzly Bear. 1909. 274 pp., illustrated. Scribner's. | The Black Bear. 1910. 127 pp., illustrated. Scribner's. YARD, RoberT STERLING: . - The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. The Book of National Parks. 1926. 444 pp., 74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams Scribner’s. - The Hom Guide Book of the Yellow- ſto/26 * th. circular. It is edited and approved by the National Park Service, and iſ on * at all pointſ in the park. YELLO WST on E N AT I on AL PARK - w y o MING . 29 SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF HOT SPRINGS, GEYSERS, - • AND FUMAROLES Based upon observations made by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D. C. All given temperatures are at best only approximate, as they vary confiderably from time to time. At 6,000 feet pure water boils at 200.3° F. or 93.5° C.; at 6,800 feet at 198.4° F., 92.5°C.; and at 8,000 feet at 195.8° F., 91.0° C. Mud Volcano. . . . . . . . . . . . Temperatures R Name Centi- || Fahren- emarks grade heit Boiling River. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 | 119. 3 | North of Mammoth on river bank. Mammoth Hot Springs: - Angel Terrace. . . . . . . . . . . 74. 0 | 165.5 | Most delicate formation. Cleopatra Terrace. . . . . . . . 68.0 | 154.4 || Coloring due to algae. Hymen Terrace . . . . . . . . . . 73. 0 | 163. 6 Irregular in activity. Jupiter Terrace. . . . . . . - 73. 0 | 163. 6 Largest hot spring terrace in world. Mound Terrace. . . . . . . . . . 71. 0 | 159.8 High, prominent formation. Norris Geyser Basin: Black Growler Steam Vent. 140. 0 || 284. 0 | Hottest vent in the park. Cinder Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 | 197. 6 | Peculiar “cinders” float on surface. Echinus Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . 91. 0 | 195.8 || Beautiful spiny sinter. - * New Crater Geyser . . . . . . . 93, 0 | 199. 4 || Ruddy, mineral-colored formation. Beryl jºins (Gibbon Can- 92.0 | 197.6 Violently agitated spring. On J. - Lower Geyser Basin: - * - . Clepsydra Geyser. . . . . . . . . 92.0 | 197. 6 | Name means a water clock. Fountain Paint Pot. . . . . . . 93.5 | 200. 3 | Bubbling, colored clay. Great Fountain Geyser . . . . 96.0. 204.8 || Beautiful and quite regular. Biscuit Basin: - Jewel Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . .* * 95.0 | 203. 0 || Just before an eruption. Do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 | 197. 6 || Just after an eruption. Sapphire Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 | 199.4 || Intermittently erupting pool. Upper Geyser Basin: - Beach Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . 89.3 | 192. 7 | Notable geyserite formations. Beehive Geyser . . . . . . . . . . . 95.0 203. 0 || Beautifully slender geyser. Chinaman Spring . . . . . . . . 93.5 | 200. 3. A small spring near Old Faithful. Giantess Geyser . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 201. 6 Dangerous area. Lion Geyser . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 93.8 200. 6 || Active once or more each day. Lioness Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 202. 64 | Very seldom in eruption. Morning Glory Pool. . . . . . 77.0 | 170. 6 || One of the most famous pools. Sponge Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . 95. 0 || 203. 0 Coloring due to iron. Teakettle Spring . . . . . . . . . 94.0 | 201. 2 . Violently bubbling. Tortoise Shell Spring. . . . . . 95.0 | 203. 0 || Bubbler beside Castle Geyser. Black Sand Basin: Black Sand Pool. . . . . . . . . . 93.0 | 199.4 || Deep blue color. Cliff Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91. 1 || 195.98 || Infrequently erupts. Comet Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 202. 64 Connection with Daisy Geyser. Daisy Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.0 200. 1 || Just before eruption. O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91. 0 | 195. 8 || Just after eruption. Emerald Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . 69. 3 || 156. 74 || Most beautiful green pool. Punch Bowl Spring . . . . . . . 94.5 | 202. 1 A crested, bubbling spring. Yellowstone River Road: Dragons Mouth. . . . . . . . . . 75. 0 | 167.0 Gushing, muddy water. 84. 0 | 183. 2 | Violently boiling mud. 30 - YELLOwston E N AT Ion AL PARK - w Yom ING PROMINENT GEYSERS AND SPRINGS Lower GEYSER BASIN (INCLUDING MIDWAY GEYSER BASIN) Average | Average du- | Average inter- Heat Name height of ration of erup- | val between Remarks of eruption tion eruptions Water • . - Feet - o F. Black Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Near Steady Geyser. . . . . . . Springs. Clepsydra Gey- || 10–40 | Few seconds. 3 min. . . . . . . Named for water | 197.6 Ser. . clock. Excelsior Gey- |200–300 | About 3% hr. . . Irregular. . . . . Ceased playing in 193.3 ser Crater. 1890. Fountain Gey- 75 | 10 min. . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Seldom in eruption. . . . . . . Ser. , Fountain Paint |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basin of boiling clay. | 200.3 Pot. . * Firehole Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Underwater“flames”. . . . . . . Grand Pris- |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size about 200 by 149.8 matic Spring. 400 feet; remark- - - • able coloring. Great Fountain 75–150 || 45 to 60 min. 8 to 12 hrs. . . . Spouts 4 to 5 times | 204.8 Geyser. tº $. during 1 eruption. Imperial Gey- 100–125 || 4 to 5 hrs 12 to 15 hrs. . . Now inactive. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ser. - Steady Geyser. . 20–40 || Steady. . . . . . None Plays continuously. . . . . . . . . Turquoise Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . About 100 feet in di- |. . . . . . anneter. White Dome. . . 30 || 3 to 8 min...] 30 to 60 min. Unique cone. . . . . . . . . . . . . NORRIS GEYSER BASIN Constant Gey- | 15–35 | 5 to 15 sec...] 5 min. . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . 188. 1 Sęr. Coral Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irregular Coral-like sinter. . . . . . . . . . Ebony Geyser. . 50 | 3% min. . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Vigorous and unique |. . . . . . Echinus Geyser. 30 min. . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Spiny sinter. . . . . . . 195. 8 Fan Geyser . . . . 25 | 5 min. . . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Follows ledge. . . . . . . . . . . . Hurricane Vent.l.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whirling steam vent. . . . . . . Ledge Geyser. . 75 Irregular. Irregular Plays from 3 vents. . . . . . . . Minute . Man 8–30 || 1 to 4 min. . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Quiet for long pe- |. . . . . . Geyser. - - riods. Steamboat Gey- 6–25 | . . . . . do. . . . . . 2 to 5 min Beautiful ruddy sin- | 199.4 Ser. - ter. Pearl Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . Glistening sinter. . . . 171.5, Valentine Gey- || 60–75 | }% to 1 hr. 18 to 20 hrs...| In craterlike pit. ...| 199.4 Ser. - Vixen Geyser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irregular Vigorous. . . . . . . . . . . 195.8 Whirligig Gey- || 10–15 Irregular. . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Near Constant Gey- | 189.9 Ser. . Ser. - Y E L L O W S T O N E N AT I O N A L P A R K • w Yom ING - 31 . UPPER GEYSER BASIN (old FAITHFUL) Average | Average du- | Average inter- Heat Name height of ration of erup- val between Remarks of eruption tions eruptions Water t Feet op. Artemisia Gey- 50 | 10 to 15 min. 24 to 30 hrs. . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ser. - Beehive Geyser. 200 || 6 to 8 min. . . . Irregular. . . . . Interestingly shaped 203.0 COne. Black Sand Pool I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep-blue pool. ... . . 199.4 Castle Geyser...] 50–75 || 30 min. . . . . . Irregular. . . aily. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chin a m an I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Active bubbler. . . . . 200. 3 Spring. Cliff Geyser. . . . . 40–50 Irregular. . . . . Irregular. . . . . Seldom in eruption. 196. 0 Crested Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep beautifully col- 191.0 ored pool. Cub, Big . . . . . . 60 | 8 min. . . . . . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201. 0 Cub, Little . . . . 3–10 | 17 min. . . . . . 1 to 2 hrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201. 0 Daisy Geyser. . . 70 || 3 min. . . . . . . 80 to 105 || Overflows indicate | 200. 1 min time of eruption. - Emerald Pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beautiful green pool. 156. 7 Giant Geyser. . .200–250 | 60 min. . . . . . .7 to 15 days. . . Irregular. . . . . . . . . . 202. 7 Giantess Geyser.150–200 | 12 to 36 hrs. . . Irregular. . . . . Once or twice a year || 201. 6 Grand Geyser. . 200 || 30 to 45 min. 16 to 20 hrs. . . Spectacular eruption | . . . . . . Grotto Geyser. . 20–30 || Varies. . . . . . 2 to 5 hrs. . . . . Distinctive cone. . . . . 201.0 Jewel Geyser. . . 5–20 | 1 min. . . . . . . 5 min. . . . . . . Beaded formation . . . 203. 0 Lion Geyser. . . . 50–60 2 to 4 min Irregular. . . . . 2 to 17 times a day. . . 200. 6 Lioness Geyser. 80–100 | 10 min. . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Played once in 1910, 202, 6 once in 1912, once early in 1914, and - once in 1920. Morning Glory | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beautiful blue pool.. 170. 6 Pool. - Oblong Geyser. 20–40 || 7 min. . . . . . . 7 irregular. . . . About once a day. . . 201.8 Old Faithful. . . .120–170 || 4 min. . . . . . . 35 to 80 min. Usual interval 65 | 200. 1 minutes. Punch Bowl I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crested spring near || 202. 1 Spring. * I'Oaol. Riverside Gey-. 80–100 | 15 min. . . . . . 7 to 8 hrs. . . . . Very regular; plays | 201. 2 Ser. over the river. Sapphire Pool. . 6–15 || 3 min. . . . . . . 13 min. . . . . . Beautiful deep-blue | 199.4 - pool. Sawmill Geyser | 20–35 | 1 to 3 hrs. . . . Irregular.....] Usually 5 to 8 times | 192.1 a day. Splendid Gey- 200 | 10 min. . . . . . . . . . . do. . . . . . Played 1931; last 200.48 • Sey". , previous eruption 1892. Sponge Geyser. . . . . . . . . 1 min. . . . . . . 2 to 3 min A small but perfect | 203.0 geyser. Sunset Lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A beautiful hot lake. . . . . . . Teakettle Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A vigorously boiling 201. 2 pool. Turban Geyser. 20–40 | 10 min. to 3 || Irregular. . . . Turbanlike pieces of . . . . . . hrs. sinter in the crater. 32 - YEL Lows To N E N AT I on AL PARK . W Y O M IN G - Washington Nat. Guard 116th Photo Section. A I R. V I E VV O F U P P E R A N D L O W. E. R. Y E L L O W S T O N E F A L L S RULES AND REGULATIONS [Briefed] THE FOLLowING SUMMARY of rules and regulations is intended as a guide for all park visitors. Complete regulations may be seen at the superintend- ent’s office and ranger stations. * * Preservation of Natural Features and Curiosities.—It is forbidden to injure or write upon the formations, throw objects into the springs or steam vents, or to disturb or carry off any of the mineral deposits, specimens, natural curiosities, etc., within the park. Destruction, injury, or disturbance of the trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited. * & Camps-Developed camping sites are available in all sections. Wood for fuel should be taken from dead or fallen trees. Camping limited to 36 days in any one area, Fires.—The park’s greatest peril. Do not kindle them néâr trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves, etc., but in some open space on rocks or earth. They should be extinguished and all embers and bed smothered with earth or water. Don’t take chances—make sure your fire is out! All fires away from main designated camps are prohibited except upon written permission issued from the nearest ranger station. - Bears.—It is unlawful and extremely dangerous to molest, tease, or touch bears. Feed- ing bears is prohibited. If you feed or photograph them, you do so at your own risk and peril. It is best to suspend food supplies in a box between two trees so as to keep them out of reach of bears. ' S- Dogs and Cats.—Dogs and cats are permitted to be taken through the park but they must be kept crated or on leash at all times within the park boundaries. - Hunting.—Hunting within the park boundaries is prohibited. All firearms must be declared and sealed at the park entrance. - Fishing.—No license is required. Fifteen pounds (dressed weight with heads and tails intact), plus one fish, not to exceed a total of 10 fish per person fishing constitute the limit for a day’s catch, unless otherwise determined and posted. Fishing with salmon eggs or other fish eggs or live minnows, chubs, or other bait fish is prohibited. Pos- session of two days’ catch only is permitted. The canning or curing of fish is prohibited. Saddle Horse, Pack Trains, Etc.—Saddle horse, pack trains, and horse-drawn vehicles have right-of-way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times. All vehicles must be equipped for night travel. - & e t “ Lost and Found Articles.-Lost and found articles should be reported to the nearest ranger station. - . k r - - c. Park Rangers.-Ranger stations are located at all main points of interest, and rangers are stationed throughout the entire park to serve you. Automobiles.—Cars must be equipped with good brakes, horns, and lights. Careful driving is required at all times. Obey traffic rules and regulations. Speed limit signs are posted. Secure automobile permit; fee $3. - Accidents.-All accidents should be reported as soon as possible to the nearest ranger station. - The Government assumes no responsibility for accidents occurring in the park. DO N T H U R RY THROUGH THE PARK—ENJOY IT LEIsurELY. 34 . YELLows T on E N AT Ion AL PARK . w Yom ING EVENTS 1803— 1807–8— 1827– 1830– 1834— 1859– 1863– 1869– 1870— 1871– 1872— 1875– 1877– 1878– 1879– 1881– 1883– OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE * Louisiana Purchase, which included a portion of the present park. John Colter, the first known white man to set foot in this region, entered the park, but did not see the geysers. - A member of the Rocky Mountain Fur Co., of which Jedediah Smith was the senior partner, visited the Yellowstone early in the summer and wrote . the description of the region published in the Philadelphia Gazette and reprinted in Miles Register of October 6, 1827. James (Jim) Bridger, a trader and trapper, is generally believed to have visited the area now a part of the park. • Warren Angus Ferris, fur trader, wrote the first known account of Yellow- stone wonders. 4. The Raynolds Expedition, sent out by the United States Government, attempted to enter this region in the spring of 1860 but was blocked by Snow. . - tº . Capt. W. W. DeLacy, in command of an unsuccessful prospecting expedition, discovered Lewis and Shoshone Lakes and Shoshone and Lower Geyser Basins. tº º t → The Folsom-Cook-Peterson Expedition traversed the region. The Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition spent several weeks exploring the Yellowstone country; through its efforts the area was later set aside as a park. * The Hayden Survey party entered the region to make official explorations and surveys. This work was continued in 1872 and completed in 1878. President Grant signed the Act of Dedication March 1, setting aside Yellow- stone Park “ſor the benefit and enjoyment of the people,” thereby estab- lishing the first national park as such in the world. Party headed by Capt. William Ludlow made a reconnaissance from Car- roll, Mont., to Yellowstone Park and return. Obtained accurate measure- ments of the Yellowstone Falls. - - Gen. O. O. Howard, in command of the pursuit of Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Indian, passed through the park. * * Superintendent Norris constructed the famous Norris Road, a wagon road from Mammoth to the Lower Basin. - Headquarters building constructed on Capitol Hill; guide boards placed to show names of important phenomena and distances; first white men spent winter in the region. Photographer F. Jay Haynes first visited the park. - President Chester A. Arthur visited park. First President to visit the wonder- land. Mammoth Hotel partially completed; tent hotels constructed at Upper and Lower Geyser Basins and Canyon. - f YELLows Tone NATIONAL PARK . WYOMING - 35 } EVENTS 1884– 1885– 1886— 1890– 1890– 1894– 1902– 1903– 1904– 1905– 1907– 1912– 1915– 1918— 1920– 1923— 1927— 1928– 1935– 1936– 1937– OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE Lower Basin Hotel erected. Two-story frame hotel erected in Upper Geyser Basin. Camp Sheridan, located on south side of Capitol Hill, established; one troop of cavalry stationed there for protection. Park placed under military regime. Last recorded eruption of Excelsior Geyser. Canyon Hotel erected. Erection of Fort Yellowstone commenced; completed 1892. Congress passed protective act; United States commissioner appointed. Reestablishment of buffalo herd undertaken. Northern Pacific Railroad completed to Gardiner, Mont. Dedication of North Entrance Arch by President Roosevelt; Old Faithful Inn under construction; road from Cody, Wyo., to east entrance of park completed (construction commenced in 1890); construction of Chittenden Bridge. - Old Faithful Inn opened. Chittenden Road over Mount Washburn and Dunraven Pass finished, completing the Grand Loop. Oregon Short Line completed to West Yellowstone, Mont. Rail passengers first entered by east entrance. First private automobiles permitted in park. Complete civilian control of Yellowstone Park under National Park Service rangers. Office of park naturalist created; first lecturer employed by the National Park Service. President and Mrs. Harding visited park. Howard Eaton Trail dedicated. President and Mrs. Coolidge visited the park. , Opening of Gallatin Gateway for rail visitors. - Donation of $110,000 for educational work by Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation, and beginning of museum development under the American Association of Museums. Road from Red Lodge to Cooke, Mont., opened to admit visitors via north- east entrance. First regular air service to any park gateway, at West Yellowstone, established. First regularly scheduled airplane flights over park established. President, and Mrs. Roosevelt visited park. Rail passengers first entered by northeast entrance. 36 . YELLOWST ONE NATIONAL PARK - w Yom ING NATIONAL PARKS IN BRIEF ABRAHAM LINCOLN, KY.-Birth- place of Abraham Lincoln. Established 1916; 0.17 square mile. ACADIA, MAINE.—Combination of mountain and seacoast scenery. Estab- lished 1919; 24.91 square miles. BRYCE CANYON, UTAH.—Canyons filled with exquisitely colored pinnacles. Established 1928; 56.23 square miles. CARLSBAD CAVERNS, N. MEX.- Beautifully decorated limestone caverns. Established 1930; 15.75 square miles. CRATER LAKE, OREG-Beautiful lake in crater of extinct volcano. Estab- lished 1902; 250.52 square miles. FORT McHENRY, MD.—Its defense in 1814 inspired writing of Star-Spangled Banner. Established 1925; 0.07 square mile. GENERAL GRANT, CALIF.—General Grant Tree and grove of Big Trees. Established 1890; 3.98 square miles. GLACIER, MONT.—Unsurpassed al- pine scenery; 200 lakes; 60 glaciers. Established 1910; 1,537.98 square miles. GRAND CANYON, ARIZ-World’s greatest example of erosion. Estab- lished 1919; 1,008 square miles. GRAND TETON, WYO.—Most spec- tacular portion of Teton Mountains. Established 1929; 150 square miles. GREATSMOKY MOUNTAINS, N.C.- TENN.—Massive mountain uplift; magnificent forests. Established for protection 1930; 643.26 square miles. HAWAII, ISLANDS OF HAWAIIAND MAUI.—Interesting volcanic areas. Established 1916; 248.54 square miles. HOT SPRINGS, ARK.—Forty-seven hot springs reserved by the Federal Govern- ment in 1832 to prevent exploitation of waters. Made national park in 1921; 1.54 square miles. 41388O—38 LASSEN VOLCANIC, CALIF.—Only recently active volcano in United States proper. Established 1916; 163.32 square miles. MAMMOTH CAVE, KY.-Interesting caverns, including spectacular onyx cave formation. Established for protec- tion 1936; 54.09 square miles. MESA VERDE, COLO.—Most notable cliff dwellings in United States. Estab- lished 1906; 80.21 square miles. MOUNT McKINLEY, ALASKA.— Highest mountain in North America. Established 1917; 3,030.46 square miles. MOUNT RAINIER, WASH.-Largest accessible single-peak glacier system. Established 1899; 377.78 square miles. PLATT, OKLA.—Sulphur and other springs. Established 1902; 1.32 square miles. .. ROCKY MOUNTAIN, COLO.—Peaks from 11,000 to 14,255 feet in heart of Rockies. Established 1915; 405.33 square miles. SEQUOIA, CALIF.—General Sherman, largest and possibly oldest tree in world; outstanding groves of Sequoiagi gantea. Established 1890; 604 square miles. SHENANDOAH, VA.—Outstanding scenic area in Blue Ridge. Established 1935; 282.14 square miles. WIND CAVE, S. DAK.—Beautiful cavern of peculiar formations. No stalactites or stalagmites. Established 1903; 19.75 square miles. YELLOWSTONE, WYO.-MONT.- IDAHO.—World’s greatest geyser area and an outstanding game preserve. Established 1872; 3,437.88 square miles. YOSEMITE, CALIF.—Valley of world- famous beauty; spectacular waterfalls; magnificent High Sierra country. Es- tablished 1890; 1,176.16 square miles. ZION, UTAH.—Zion Canyon, 1,500 to 2,500 feet deep. Spectacular coloring. Established 1919; 134.91 square miles. YELLows To NE NAT 1 on AL PARK - w Yom ING . 37 º o 1A：n as x x và "Iv NoI.Lv N × H L x a q º wa LSIN IW CI v sva & v · I ſeſt.'r aequenoN – NOII w 1HWIT 3.OwdS + O ESnwoºg NawoHs lon. S103t08'd Aſiae^x8wd Bowºbu ZEHOıwN GNV ººgſå antig “TWINOW3 W NO 19 NIHSVAA 39&ogº) ‘ELON 103rpºld X!'ſ ſë nwNÕUlw'N§ādī983A3 TwlèJOWE W TVNoI.LVN snoāNwºTTººoslw ſa Aegaeuaewºo TvNollwn uloaroºle l NEwn Now "TwºNOllº N CINñOłłÐHT_LLVE E. Lis clºſael-№ºT LLY/B "TwºNOllº N ׺wed aew， LITIW TIVNOI. 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"...#;"º. *NW,” #####2%rk a - º º "... hout Yellowstone National Park †-y - \ \\ 3. on specially designated camp sites easily - º - NoFTH ENTRANCE - - wº f - \ R. R. Station P. 0. Express Leave clean grounds for the next camper. Camping limited to V & N WXV Hotels Stores Garages 30 days in any one area. § & \\ 3. Y ( QSSNGARDINER s | &\\? L^ t •º- - = - - ms mº 4 5*asº Z-SC_2~~~A2; ---a e-tº- Peak & ! sº A. cooke ENTRAng: 4 *: 45° - ‘s #ºlls I -> *se L– _I_\ MONTANA. e-ºº-ºº: — —l" oo’ | C----- N MAMMOTH, *$ __ g/ WYOMING - * Ple, ºft oo: suPERINTENbFNT lº"; NGS *N *. Cº-Z & & 9.3% * ATO REE LOCGE, OFFICE formation lº * - ſº * _Tig # * McNair. MAMMOTH HOTEL **:: * Aſº &:=S - A - - - Ablathar Pº. Index Pik. - - A\\ MAMMOTH Loog E X---~\C. A. 31 M i 11,740 V -- _| Free Auto Campground 2^ lden Gatº/ N º N U & &p Az - Haynes Picture Shop Museum *:::: §)}: -Z’’ # * Y ---. s |\}s Mººn" * Sºunsenſe. ſºlº-6 e.g. ** Sº s tº | *Tinion. House ºS \,...ſº 9500 TOWER.F.A.I.S.Nº. NSN:... ; & I Housekeeping Cabins & ilºsºepeater l; Overhanging. Clift N *, f sy f Stores Laundry Cafeteria 2=}| f |&tº § camp Roosever’ XTower F soda aurº/4% is ſº Cra ^ ~~~~~ si *; #. Store Nise Ft. ~. # / ğ. * - * t - - - - ----- Buffalo show Corral § 3. Loyº N 42 A. 5 g GE's ER A PAHAskA TEPEE 4. aſ S. BASIN tº sºme M Yº, § ºe Butte 79 cody Peak 10,250. & 44 :: *%. A 8. Lºw A valanche P pººl coox_QB ENTRANCE = - so’ ºwa- T-I- § U. N. Grizzly ºoºº-ºº:$º *** * ºne Rive so: & * & Pk.9.2gºs Sºº Bºss To copy. Wyo. & º | &º Ss *** `-wind cººl PARK % AQſ. (Altitude of Lake 7,730 I // FAITHFU §.g º 3. T Y Water Surface Approz. ºf - - - - - - -H --" \ - - ºnotch H ou D FAITH FUL LODGE SSA 139 Sq. Miles ##. old FAITH FUL !. V sº: * Free Auto Carmpgroun - º, Housekeeping Cabins P. 0. Sºore line 100 Museum Bath House Stores \\ cº Pictures Cafete,..., Garage Gasoline Oils ſº Eaks N Colter Pk. N 1o,5Oo HEART LAKE S* # ** GEYser BASIN _Y'N # *5-- \ Table Mtn. Nºw - - - § § A. 10,800. ...- + -- e j- Yº, \ / Battlement Mtn. .* § *A f 11,900' #. th. º o: Žº ** }ºoverlook Mtn. 9,400 % *- gº - wV-7----- § 3 ; | %. Scale of Miles | º \ %. >fy 42. LEGEND ſ t- *~"--, “, \- º Bulldings, Campground | SNAKE RIVER THOROFARE Q Fire Lookout South ENTRANCE skir- Ranger Station #s shelter Cabin º Hawks - - - Trails 920.0 Mlles * --- Rest mº Grand Loop Road 3. # - Autornobile Roads 328.0 Miles Ziff —º- One way C Co Hucklebery *Mtn. All other roads open to travel 9,700 in both di Onº. Distances given are by road. TETon Note the mile post signs. NATL Park & MoR.An int-oo: 11o-3oº - 11o-oo: H.L.G. G U ID E M A P OF Y E L L O W S T O N E N AT I O N A L P A R K P==== Yellowstone W Y O M IN G Contents Old Faithful Geyser . . . . . . . Cover The Geysers . . . . . . . . . . . Other Hot-Water Phenomena . . . . . Yellowstone Lake . . . . . . . . . Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone . . : Dunraven Pass and Tower Falls . . . . Fossil Forests . . . . . . . . . . 9 Sylvan Pass . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Red Lodge-Cooke Road . . . . . . . 11 Yellowstone Trails . . . . . . . . 11 Great Wildlife Sanctuary . . . . . . 13 Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 The Park Season . . . . . . . . . 15 Events of Historic AL IMpoRTANce I807–8 John Colter, the first known white man to set foot in this region, entered the park, but did not see the geysers. I827 Member of Rocky Mountain Fur Co., of which Jedediah Smith was - senior partner, visited Yellowstone early in summer. 1830 James (Jim) Bridger, a trader and trapper, is generally believed to have visited the area now a part of the park. I834 Warren Angus Ferris, fur trader, wrote the first known account of Yellowstone wonders. 1859 The Raynolds Expedition attempted to enter this region in the spring of 1860 but was blocked by snow. 1863 Capt. W. W. DeLacy discovered Lewis and Shoshone Lakes and Sho- shone and Lower Geyser Basins. 1869 The Folsom-Cook-Peterson Expedition traversed the region. 1870 The Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition explored the Yellowstone country; through its efforts the area was later set aside as a park. - I871 The Hayden Survey party made official explorations and surveys. 1872 President Grant signed the Act of Dedication, March 1, establishing the first national park as such in the world. 1878 Superintendent Norris constructed the famous Norris Road, a wagon road from Mammoth to the Lower Basin. pºsitº C ºy º: ***** ºrts, sº º sº " ºut 2. an NATIONAL PARK SEASOJW–JUNE 2 o T O S E P T E M B E R I 2 Administration . . . . . . . . Naturalist Service . . . . . . . Free Public Campgrounds . . . . Railroad Information . . . . . All-Expense Tours . . . . . . . Bus—Airplane Information . . . . Highways to Yellowstone . . . . Park Highways . . . . . . . Miscellaneous Services . . . . . Accommodations and Expenses . . The Grand Teton National Park . . Publications . . . . . . . . . Surface Temperatures of Hot Springs, sers, and Fumaroles . . . . . Prominent Geysers and Springs . . 1881 Photographer F. Jay Haynes first visited the park. I883 President Chester A. Arthur visited park. 1886 Camp Sheridan established. Park placed under military regime. 1894 Congress passed protective act; United States commissioner appointed. I903 Dedication of North Entrance Arch by President Theodore Roosevelt. I9 I5 First private automobiles permitted in park. I918 Complete civilian control of Yellowstone Park under National Park Service rangers. I923 President and Mrs. Harding visited park. I927 President and Mrs. Coolidge visited park. I935 First regular air service at West Yellowstone established. I937 President and Mrs. Roosevelt visited park. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - - - Harold L. Ickes, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Arno B. Cammerer, Director of gº …” *** º n E. W. M.A. MMOTH SPRINGS HOTEL As SEEN FROM HOT SPRINGS TERRACES miles long and 54 miles wide, but an act of March 1, 1929, revised its boundaries on the east and north sides, giving it an irregular shape and adding to its acreage. On October 20, 1932, President Hoover signed a proclamation adding approximately 6,124 acres along the north line, near Gardiner, Mont., which now gives the park an area of about 3,472 square miles, or approximately 2,222,000 acres. It is under the control and supervision of the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior. HE YELLOwSTONE National Park was created by an act of March 1, 1872. It was originally rectangular in shape, 62 Copyright, Haynes Inc. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surrounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the enclosed tableland. Yellowstone's geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, Power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks Second, and Iceland, where the word - F. Copyright, Haynes Inc. This park is located in northwestern Wyoming, encroaching slightly upon Montana and Idaho. It is our largest national park. The central portion is essentially a broad, elevated volcanic plateau, between 7,000 and 8,500 feet above sea level, and with an average elevation of about 8,000 feet. Surrounding it on the south, east, north, and northwest are mountain ranges with culminating peaks and ridges, rising from 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the general level of the enclosed tableland. Yellowstone’s geysers are celebrated the world over, because, for size, power, and variety of action, as well as number, the region has no com- petitor. New Zealand, which ranks second, and Iceland, where the word “geyser” originated, possess the only other geyser basins of prominence, but both together do not offer the visitor what he may see in 2 or 3 days in Yellowstone. Indeed, the spectacle is an extraordinary one. There are few spots in the world where one is so strongly possessed by emotions of wonder and mystery. The visitor is powerfully impressed by a sense of nearness to nature’s secret laboratories. Practically the entire region is volcanic. Not only the surrounding mountains but the great interior plain are made of material once ejected, as ash and lava, from depths far below the surface. Positive evidence of Yellowstone's volcanic origin is apparent to all in the black glass of Obsidian Cliff, the whorled and contorted breccias along the road near the top of Mount Washburn, and the bril- liantly colored decomposed lava walls of the Grand Canyon. For a long time the chief public interest in Yellowstone centered around its spouting. geysers and similar uncanny wonders of a dying volcanic region. Now that good roads and trails have made this great wilderness accessible, its beautiful forests, trout-filled lakes and streams, and its wild-animal popula- , tion attract as many visitors as the volcanic wonders. * THE GEYSERs There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park. Most of them ... are located in the six principal geyser basins, the Norris, Lower, Midway, Upper, Heart Lake, and Shoshone Basins, all lying in the west and south central parts of the park. The geysers exhibit a large variety of character and action. Some, like Old Faithful, Daisy, and Riverside, spout at quite regular intervals; others are irregular. Some burst upward with immense power; others shoot streams at angles or bubble and foam in action. Geysers occur only at places where the high temperatures of the depths of the earth approach close to the surface. Much of the heat and an appre- ciable amount of gas and steam are added from considerable depths. Water from the surface trickling through cracks in the rocks, or water from subterranean seeps collecting in the geyers's plumbing down in the region of intense heat, becomes itself intensely heated and forms steam, which expands and forces upward the cooler water that lies above it. It is then that the water at the surface of the geyser begins to bubble and gives off clouds of vapor, a sign that the geyser is about to play. The tube or plumbing of the geyser must be crooked or constricted suffi- ciently to prevent easy circulation of the water. With continued heat being applied from below, the water in the bottom of the geyser's tube expands so that the less-heated column above can no longer weigh it down; then water bubbles over and relieves the pressure of the superheated water below, which suddenly flashes into steam, pushing the entire mass upward Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming 6 in an eruption. Then the water and the vapor rise many feet into the air and continue to play until practically all of the geyser is cleared. The water, cooled and falling back to the ground, runs off or, with other water, seeps into the ground to gather as before in the geyser’s depth, in a greater or less time becomes heated to the explosion point, and the geyser erupts again. Naturally, each geyser has a different plumbing, and it follows that it has a different behavior. In the geyser basins the material making up the walls of the cracks and tubes of the geysers is of silica, and strong enough to withººd, stand the explosive action of the steam. A less strong material, such as travertime, will not withstand this explosive action and hence will not produce geysers. - - OTHER HOT-WATER PHENOMENA Nearly the entire Yellowstone region is remarkable for its hot-water phenomena. The more prominent geysers are confined to three basins lying near each other in the west central part of the park, but other hot- water manifestations occur at more widely separated points. Marvel- ously colored hot springs, mud volcanoes, and other strange phenomena are frequent. In certain areas hot water has brought to the surface quantities of white mineral deposits which build high terraces of beautifully incrusted basins, often engulfing trees of considerable size. The hot water flows over the edges of these fretted basins. Microscopic plants called algae grow on the edges and sides of these basins, decorating them with hues of red, pink, tan, brown, and bluish gray, which glow brilliantly. Other plants, microscopic in size, known as “diatoms,” occur singly or in colonies clinging to the sides or to the algae themselves. At many other points lesser hot springs occur, intro- ducing strange, almost uncanny elements into wooded and otherwise quite normal landscapes. A tour of these hot-water formations and spouting geysers is an experi- ence never to be forgotten. The hot-spring terraces are also an awe- inspiring spectacle. Well-marked trails wind their way everywhere among the steaming pools. - Visitors should keep on the solid trails, as in many places the crust is thin and walking on it is extremely dangerous. In certain lights the surface of these pools appears vividly colored. The deeper hot pools are often in- tensely blue. The incrustations are in many instances beautifully crystal- lized. Clumps of grass, and even flowers, which have been submerged in the charged waters, become exquisitely plated as if with frosted silver. 7 Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming Copyright, Haynes Inc. N E W FISHING BRIDGE AT OUT LET OF YELLO WSTONE LAKE YELLOWSTONE LAKE Yellowstone Lake is itself a scenic attraction of the first order. It covers 138 square miles and is the largest lake in North America at so great an altitude (7,731 feet). Its greatest depth is over 300 feet, and it has a shore line of approximately 100 miles. The United States fish hatchery is located along the main road on the north side of the lake not far from Lake Ranger Station. At the outlet of the lake is located the famous Fishing Bridge. Since the lake abounds in native or cutthroat trout, many fish are caught here and in the other waters of the park each season. East of the Fishing Bridge about ¥4 mile, and on the lake shore, is a beautiful museum featuring the biology and geology of the lake region. GRAND CANYON OF THE YELLOWSTONE The geysers and hot-water formations are by no means the only wonders in the Yellowstone. The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone affords a spectacle worthy of a national park were there no geysers. But the grand canyons, of which there are several in our wonderful western country, are not to be confused. Of these, by far the largest and most impressive is the Yellowſtone National Park. Wyoming 8 Grand Canyon in Arizona. It is the one always meant when people speak of visiting “The Grand Canyon” without designating a location. It is the giant of canyons. - - } . The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone is altogether different. Great though its size, it is the smaller of the two. What makes it a scenic feature of the first order is its marvelous coloring. It is the cameo of canyons. The dominant color of the canyon, especially when viewed on a sunshiny day, is yellow or even glaringly white in places, although a great variety of . colors can be seen on closer inspection. In the morning or evening or on a cloudy day the colors may be seen in more striking contrast, and the pro- fusion of tints presents an incomparable picture framed in the green of the surrounding forest. It is a spectacle which one looks upon in silence. DUNRAVEN PASS AND TOWER FALLs From the canyon the visitor follows the road northward to Tower Falls on his way to Mammoth Hot Springs and views some of the most inspiring scenery in America. The crossing of Dunraven Pass or the ascent of Mount Washburn are events which will linger long in vivid memory. A few miles farther north, at Tower Falls,where the road again approaches the canyon of the Yellowstone River, scenery which has few equals is en- countered. The river's gorge at this point, the falls of Tower Creek, and . the palisades of basaltic rock far above the foaming Yellowstone are picturesque to a high degree. - FOSSIL FORESTS - The fossil forests are located over extensive areas in the northern part of the park. The two most prominent areas are in the northwest and north- east, known as the “Gallatin Petrified Forests” and the “Yellowstone-Lamar River Petrified Forests,” respectively. These areas are not as impressive as the term “forests” might imply. They are not readily accessible to the visitor, with the exception of one small area in the vicinity of the petrified tree, on a branch road, six-tenths of a mile from the main road between Tower Junction and Mammoth Hot Springs. The petrified trees prove to be different species from those growing in the park today. They include broad-leaved species, such as laurel, syca- more, and oak, as well as pines and sequoias, showing that a much warmer climate existed at the time of their growth. There is evidence that volcanoes came into existence, hurling out masses of eruptive fragments accompanied by great clouds of volcanic dust. This dust settled down upon the standing trees until they were buried. Water seeped through this dust and into the buried trees, carrying with it silica from the volcanic ash. The woody structure of the trees was dissolved and 9 - Yellowſtone National Park. Wyoming Grant photo L O W, E R F A L L S OF THE YE L L O W S T ONE FR O M A. RTIST POINT the silica was deposited in its place. The petrified tree which we now see contains none of the original wood of the tree, but is merely a reproduction in rock of the original form of the tree, even to the smallest cell. In some places trained observers can distinguish a succession of forests, 12 in number, one above the other, representing the repetition of this process 12 times—with the intervening periods of volcanic quiescence during which forests grew up, only to be covered and in time petrified. This process must have taken thousands upon thousands of years. Yellowſtone National Park. Wyoming 10 SYLVAN PASS The road over Sylvan Pass is one of the scenic features of Yellowstone Park. East of the park boundary the road passes through a red-walled canyon so vividly colored and so remarkably carved by the frosts and the erosion of ages that its passage imprints itself indelibly upon memory. It is no wonder that a hundred curious names have been fastened upon these fantastic rock shapes silhouetted against the sky. RED LODGE-COOKE ROAD This Federal approach highway to Yellowstone, leading from Red Lodge, Montana, to the northeast entrance, traverses some 60 miles of . rugged area previously accessible only by horseback. The road leads south- ward from Red Lodge and permits the motorist to climb up the twisting mountain highway to an altitude of 10,940 feet. Many glacial lakes dot the high areas, the visitor being able to glimpse 32 of these from a single point along the route. Fish abound in the cold mountain lakes and streams. The road leads from the summit through a section of Wyoming and back into Montana to the picturesque little mining town of Cooke, 4 miles from the northeast entrance of Yellowstone, to the community of Silver Gate, 1 mile from the park entrance, and continues into the park and through the Soda Butte and Lamar Valleys, joining the Grand Loop Highway at Tower Junction. This entrance is served by the Northern Pacific Railway from Red Lodge, where park busses meet and deliver rail visitors. > * YELLOWSTONE TRAILS An extensive system of trails is available for the saddle-horse lover desiring to visit the more remote and wilder sections of the park. Away from the beaten paths the watcher on the trail is amply rewarded in the study of wild animals in their native retreats during summer months. Here nature remains almost wholly undisturbed, with only trails leading to the scenic beauty spots. - HOWARD EATON TRAIL The Howard Eaton Trail is a linking-up of a former series of short trails. It follows closely the “loop” road, touching those points of interest visited by vehicle travel, yet the trail is sufficiently distant from the road at most points to avoid contact, except at key points of interest, with travelers on the “loop” highway. Complete information regarding branch trails may be secured at the various ranger stations throughout the park. 11 - Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming Grant photo H. O. R.S.E B A C K P A R T Y AT THE GIANT GE Y SER CONE GREAT WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and most successful wild, life sanctuaries in the world. For this reason it is also an excellent and accessible field for nature study. Its 3,472 square miles of mountains and valleys remain nearly as nature made them. The more than 300 miles of roads and the hotels, lodges, and auto camps are as nothing in this immense wilderness. No tree has been cut except when absolutely necessary for road, trail, or camp. No herds of domestic animals invade its valleys. Visitors for the most part keep to the beaten road, and the wild animals have learned in the years that they mean them no harm. To be sure, they are not always seen by the people in automobiles which move from point to point daily during the season; but the quiet watcher on the trails may see deer, bear, elk, and antelope and he may even see mountain sheep, moose, and bison by journeying on foot or by horseback into their distant retreats. - Thus one of the most interesting lessons from the Yellowstone is that wild animals are fearful and dangerous only when treated as game or as enemies. Even the big grizzlies, which are generally believed to be ferocious, are proved by experience in national parks to be inoffensive if not molested. When attacked, however, they become fierce antagonists. While apparently friendly, it should be remembered that bears are wild animals and should be treated as such. It is not only extremely dangerous but contrary to the park regulations to feed, molest, touch, or tease the bears. The brown, cinnamon, and black bears, which are color phases of the one species—the blondes and brunettes of the same family, so to speak—are numerous in the park. . . This wild-animal paradise contains several thousand elk, a few hundred moose, many deer and antelope, numerous bands of mountain sheep, and a herd of approximately a thousand buffalo. The buffalo range in the extreme eastern section of the park away from the main traveled highways and are not accessible to summer visitors, except those using the trails for horseback trips. In order that visitors may see some of these animals a herd is provided on Antelope Creek near Tower Falls. It is an excellent bird sanctuary also, where more than 200 species live natural, undisturbed lives. Eagles may be seen among the crags; wild geese and ducks are found in profusion; and many large, white Swans and pelicans add to the picturesqueness of Yellowstone Lake. TREES In Yellowstone Park, as everywhere in the West, the trees are nearly all evergreens, or members of the pine family. Its forests include lodgepole 13 Yellowstone National Park. Wyoming FISHING IN YELLO WST ONE R A PIDS pine, sometimes known as jack pine; limber pine, in the West often known as white pine; whitebark pine, found only above timber line; alpine fir, common about timber line and also at middle altitudes; Douglas fir, sometimes known as red fir; Engelmann spruce, the most common spruce; Rocky Mountain juniper or cedar, common at low and middle elevations, on rocky slopes; aspen, sometimes known as quaking aspen or quaking asp; narrowleaf cottonwood, occasionally along streams at low altitudes; red birch, usually a shrub but sometimes a small tree, growing along streams; alder, similar to birch, also found along streams. FISHING No license is required to fish in the park. To enjoy thoroughly the fishing of the Yellowstone National Park, waters as remote as possible should always be sought. Most of the streams and lakes in the park from timber line down to the lowest altitudes contain trout of one or more species and a few contain whitefish and grayling. But the more accessible waters are fished so steadily by visitors that the trout become educated and wary. Back in the depths of the mountain fastnesses are fish that are much less disturbed and that can be caught more readily. The native fish of the park represent only a few species which have been supplemented by others planted by the Government in barren waters. The species that now abound in the park comprise some of the best game fish. Fishing tackle may be purchased at the general store, near the hotel at Mammoth, and at the general stores at Old Faithful, Thumb, Lake, Fishing Bridge, Canyon Junction, and Tower Falls. It may be rented from the porters at the Old Faithful Inn and Grand Canyon Hotel, and from the Yellowstone Park Co. at the Lake, Bridge Bay, and Fishing Bridge. At the various lodges of the Yellowstone Park Co. fishing tackle may be rented or purchased as desired. THE PARK SEASON The main season extends from June 20 to September 12, during which time the park utilities are operated. Between the time the roads are cleared of snow (which is usually between May 15 and June 1) and June 20, and between September 13 and October 15, limited accommoda- tions of an informal character are available at certain places in the park for motorists. Campgrounds may be used, and the general stores, gasoline filling stations, and picture shops are open at several points. Sep- 15 Yellowſtone National Park. Wyoming 111°oor 11o-sor 11o-oo: Tºo Livingsºon. Mºonrº. "...º.º.º. *NW,” #######ax ſ | * ge CAMPING is permitted y National Park º \ * + North ENTRANCE specially designated camp sites easily recognized f R. R. Station P. O. Express Leave clean grounds for the next camper ping to */ 3, Hoºsis Stores Garages 30 days in any one area. & * - ſ l—l GARDINER ==P_-_ºp=1. *Yºr * TTT2", /*TS---Tº-APłº". e.a.ſ. p. x prºtoºs. North c & \ S--—º--> * * * * - sm º MONTANA. oo: suPERINTENb * |MMAMMOTH, : Nº. -- &/ WYOMING - OFFICE 'º, {QI SPRINGS ** gºeº-"._". *N- |_*:::3# ##, 2^{--- *s #A ſºlsº *~...] Free Auto Campground Gºtee N º- - Haynes Picture *.Museum */ p | s | *>+...º.º. Laks Eurºsen tºº. Pºtrified Tree Drº P. Ş | Information Office Bath ºlº “ TOWER FAL. & eºsitic clitº # & Stores Cafeteria Cabins g *N eepeater Overhanging. Clift §Tower Fails #Tº & laundry _2--> I cliff Carºº Rooseven tº owner Sopa BUITE/4.) A *_ __N- - - */ Stores Cabins P. 0. 132 Q # * => * & - w/5 Antelope Creek # *Apollinaris \e : - º sºngs- : Mt. Norris/ ſ \ Spri ſº * I f ::". ë t * * - tº wº *** - se” A. * * Lunch Station - #!? e:# ~7 sſ/obsidian city $ 5 Mt. | Gasoline Oils * \ ! #if: Mt. Holmes.” orieſ,”.5 z lashburſºx * \\ ſ > = 10,300 Žº. ~, Dunraven Pass no.317 ºo 4. * |- © y - ring Mt. asso f # * * I £ \ la Nº. © gr. 2 %5 - % Vº s: |A| \ LT | re-la- f sº jº - * º - s l t ! NORRIs %RRIs ºllſº gº ºf * A | | N | Głºś Museum ~ \|A S. &º cANYor. Hotel- 2, ºvº M-" " ; Fºscaſº º,-- ºft. * \ EST | ------A-T-Monum=NI-ſ f Virginia. g yºzowsrows fººds Cafeteria \ YELLOW-II \ aſ: #as GEYSER *. | 8; SIGW sºº. Wºnden ends" Picture Shop P. 0. SIONE\ & 'y Cº. º: MAD SON Beryl - ! f Grou “. w Pellcan cone ZoZº. 2\º. 2: I N in M./.2% A. Ye Fusº ºne errºº * 9,500' *1/5 ? Riº JUNCTION y s • * * v v. Free Auto £ºo mt. *Gibbon Falls * Sº * tº A 4. Càrnpground 22 castor ºS #: ºts. w Haynes; iseſ 80 Ft g iš / N *. ^ * #: *:::: Storistop e. annº S- sº MooseM - . Drop 11,01 %oor * Twest ºnce Nº. Cascades of the Firehole * | * > * Mudlwolcanº S sº: ". # º _2^ @ & F. E. H. ouse Laundry ~ * - l; lºo #. "tn. Nº, * 3: *** Hºº & yº” “. º:*, sunlºp. tº sºme Ga ise - | Carnpground *****: g rages * | º, ºg LAK 4 sº; & § ; LOWER 'ountain Paint Pot ! Gasoline cº A g §§ Firehole Lake \ . ==S/S-ae wº & PAHAsKA TEPEE * ZMIDWAY GEYsBR g M. n Hotel Garage S4% ; In I 24 * ºğ. s? O •S Natural ke Butte %2. J * Bridge k to 230" : &M # * P Cºntin[FNTAL } \\ A. *... º \º. 44- O *H-–H- s §§ % —is m.º. Y * | Šare, $º º:% R; 3o" - - a Mallard Laks ſ ſ & tººs £º Hºs To copy, Wyo. & 2^ ãº. 2/ſ) QWSTONE/), ~ Cy. Se” WiND, CAVE NATL PARK *\}; t 8.252 & f %. Ş \ſ # it. gº Anti-radon P. z t es Thumb (Maximum tºº 34; M. * Lone Star v \º — * = ** = ** ess sºme º ©' U ol_D FAITH FUL LODGE f Geyser \\ £º rº. 5 §§ º rnpgroun Garage Gasoline Dils } asºo. \ Free Auto Carnpground Museum #. House ria g º Fºss. sº A Cabins P. 0. iſ, t 2^T\\ sº º - 4- ^ -----' >\ S. \\ - e - | Fortress Mtn. Lewis \) f Sãºekºen 12,073 Laº WA Rep'ums Y& * %'Mºsheridan. Aº & , ^------A.ºne esterººn. * oncustone /*Areau !. | * f --- / § # * - |8 º' 3. § |§ Scale of Miles to Ashrrow, \ Moºre; | 4----Sº, * | *@Afºg Falls.