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RESIDENCE OF HON. SCHUYLER COLFAX,
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
GAZETTEER
OF THE

ST. JOSEPH VALLEY,
MICHIGAN AND INDIANA,
WITH A VIEW OF ITS
HYDRAULIC AND BUSINESS CAPACITIES.
BY
Timothy Smar
URNER.
=
CHICAGO:
HAZLITT & REED, PRINTERS, 90 WASHINGTON ST.
1867.
F
572
543
Tq
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by
T. G. TURNER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois.
ERRATA.
Page 10, line 15 from the bottom, read "over to the The-au-ki-ki."
Page 13, line 19 from top, read St. Joseph Valley Railroad.
Page 28, line 11, for George "L.", read George C. Hackstaff.
Page 44, line 6 from the bottom, read Samuel L. Cotterell.
Page 72, at top, Joseph H. Defrees and not John D. Defrees was member of
Congress.
Page 72, line 13 from bottom, for "published," read purchased.
Page 72, Alfred Hall was associated with Mr. Wheeler in the conduct of the
St. Joseph Valley Register for about two years.
Page 73, line 9, for monthly read weekly.
Page 93, at top, read Nicar, Deming & Co.
Page 136, at bottom, read P. C. Perkins.
1

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BRITTON 932
101
CARRIAGE
FACTORY.
EE
STUDEBAKER BROTHERS FACTORY
STUDEBAKERS
OFFICE
I I
CARRIAGE REPOSITORY
HT
AO
ITE
Teston st
que for
STUDEBAKER BROTHERS' CARRIAGE AND WAGON FACTORY, SOUTH BEND, IND.
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
THE GREAT SOUTH BEND
vii
CARRIAGE & WAGON FACTORY
·OF-
STUDEBAKER BROS.,
A portion of which is represented on the opposite page, is located near the
St. Joseph river and convenient to the Michigan Southern and Northern Indi-
ana Railroad, eighty-five miles east of Chicago. It was established in 1852,
and now ranks second to no manufactory of the kind in the West. Indiana
is noted for the excellent quality of its timber-particularly the oak found
upon the openings and barrens of the northern portion of the State is equal
if not superior to the second growth of Connecticut and New York. This
timber we use exclusively.
Attention is called to the fact that we use
SARVEN'S PATENT BUGGY WHEEL,
Which is far superior to any other known to the trade. Also,
GRANT'S SHIFTING RAIL,
By which a buggy top can be almost instantly removed, either for convenience
or in case of accident.
Our wagon is known as the celebrated "South Bend Wagon," and our shop
is the only one in the country where the
SLOPE SHOULDERED SPOKE
Is used. To prove our confidence in our wheels, we will give a warranty that
those on our 34 Thimble Skein Wagon (which is best adapted to general
farm use,) will carry Forty Hundred !
A branch of our house is located at St. Joseph, Mo., where can be found at
all times a large and full assortment of our work, at wholesale and retail.
All classes of our wagons can also be found at the following places:
Chillicothe, Mo.
Kansas City,
<<
Little Piney,
Hamilton,
Council Bluffs, Iowa.
Des Moines,
(6
Belle Plaine,
Muscatine,
"
Marshalltown,
Aurora, Ill..
Bement,
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Brenham, Texas.
Helena,
Rochester, Ind.
Goshen,
<<
Coldwater, Mich.
.Dunn & Daily.
.Plant Bros. & Co.
Fellows, McGinty & Switzler.
Refer to pages 105, 113 and 126 of this book.
George Witwer.
Wall & Hine.
.Brown, Spafford & Co.
A. Strinagle.
.R. Burtner.
.John Turner & Co.
.R. W. VanDyke.
John Piatt & Co.
Geo. S. Ruble.
J. A. Trumbull.
John Ruckman & Bro.
.Samuel Keely.
. P. A. Welch.
.B. & T. C. Etheridge.
STUDEBAKER BROTHERS.
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Battle Creek, Mịch. .
Branch county,
Bronson,
Burlington,
Burr Oak,
Bristol, Ind
"
.Berrien county, Mich.
Bertrand,
Buchanan,
Berrien Springs,
((
Cession of Lands by Indians
Calhoun county, Mich.
Coldwater,
Colon,
Constantine,
Centreville,
•
<<
((
(C
((
Common Schools in Ind.
County seat, St. Joseph county, Ind.
location of...
Coquillard Alexis..
Commercial College
Carlisle Collegiate Institute
Conclusion..
20 Mendon, Mich.
21 Mottville,
((
25 Middlebury, Ind.
20 Mishawaka,
28
31 Notre Dame.
74 Northern Indiana College.
77 New Carlisle, Ind
78 Niles, Mich
78
•
Peninsular Railroad
11 Population of the Valley.
20 Peat.
·
ROD
27
28
36
51
67
69
73
77
13
16
40
SHE 1283
23 Philadelphia Industrial Association 48
27 Press of Mishawaka
27 Press of South Bend.
28
41 Quincy, Mich
•
47 Removal of the Indians.
73 St. Joseph Valley Railroad
56
71
24
11
58 Roads in St. Joseph Co., Ind... .
42
71
13
14
16
St. Joseph county, Mich..
26
Sturgis,
28
29
St. Joseph county, Ind.
37
32
แ
"roads in
42
organised. 44
9
"first court in 45
34
((
((
(6
population of 46
56
81 Source of the St. Joseph river.
Shipments by Railroad..
Discovery of the St. Joseph river.. 9
Elkhart county, Ind
Elkhart, village of..
General view..
Goshen, Ind..
Graded School, South Bend
Hillsdale county, Mich
Hillsdale village,
Harper, A. R…….
Harper, J. H.
Indian Settlements.
71 South Bend, city of..
Manufacturing Co. 59–61
Hydraulic Co.
19
((
• •
19 St. Mary's Academy
49 St. Joseph's Academy
51 St. Patrick's Select School.
St. Joseph Village, Mich.
11
Treaty with the Indians.
60
70
71
71
80
11
PEF8 == 28 8
28
Jonesville, Mich......
Kankakee Valley.
Kankakee Peat Beds.
Michigan Central Railroad...
19 Tributaries of the St. Joseph river. 14
Tekonsha, Mich.
38 Three Rivers, Mich.
40 | Taylor, Lathrop M……….
12 Union City, Mich...
20
27
58
25
Michigan So. & No. Ind. Railroad. 12
Marshall, Mich
20 White Pigeon, Mich
Howgate
11-19-45
53845
GENERAL VIEW
OF THE
ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
MUCH doubt and uncertainty hang around many of the events
which go to make up the early history of a new country. The
solitary wilds of an unexplored continent afford few opportunities
for making those notes and records which, as time advances, be-
come precious to the seeker after historical truths; and, as a
general thing, the explorers and settlers of our Great West have
been men little accustomed to literary pursuits and less desirous
of literary honors. Besides, the arduous labors and engrossing
duties of pioneer life leave little room or opportunity for that quiet
and leisure indispensable to scholarly habits. Thus it is, that a
considerable portion of the interesting events of our first settlements,
and of the discovery of the country itself, have faded from the
memory of man or are only handed down as traditions, distorted by
the uncertain medium or mystified by the lapse of time. True,
occasionally men of learning and taste have wandered into the
very heart of the continent and, with fertile pens, have recorded
what they did, and saw and suffered. Especially is this true of
those adventurous French explorers who first penetrated the un-
broken forests and traversed the almost boundless prairies of the
West; yet, even they left much for doubt and more for conjecture.
Their relations are frequently little more than skeletons around
2
12-5-4€ BER.
☺
་
10
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
}
which the busy imaginations of subsequent writers have moulded
forms to suit their purposes or to please their fancies. It is not,
therefore, strange that the time of the discovery and the identity
of the discoverer of the river and valley which form the subject
of this brief sketch are matters of dispute. To be sure, this may
be said to be a circumstance of not much practical importance,
but it is a source of regret to the enterprising investigator. The
French explorer LaSalle has generally been accredited the honor
of this discovery. The Griffin, a vessel of sixty tons, was launched
by him on Niagara river, in 1679, and in her, accompanied by over
thirty men, he sailed on the seventh of August of that year,
bound for the valley of the Mississippi. He crossed lakes Erie and
St. Clair and arrived at Green Bay, September second. The
Griffin was the first vessel which ever navigated these lakes. She
was wrecked on her return trip.
•
Coasting along the east shore of lake Michigan, with Hennepin,
"Tonti and some thirty followers, on the first day of November,
1679, he came to the St. Joseph, which he then called the Miamis,
or the "River of the Miamis," from the name of an Indian tribe
living upon it. Here he built a fort. A recent writer professing
to draw his facts from reputable sources, supposes the site of this
fort to have been Chicago, and the Miamis the Chicago river, a
most preposterous supposition when all authentic accounts agree
that from this fort LaSalle started on the third of December with
twenty-three men and came up the St. Joseph to the portage near
South Bend, and passing over the The-au-ki-ki or Kankakee, went
down that river to the Illinois. The site of his fort is still pointed
out at St. Joseph; and the remains of another built by him ont the
river near Niles, Michigan, is still to be seen. There is no doubt
but LaSalle discovered the mouth of the river, and was the first
voyager upon it for seventy miles towards its source.
In 1673, Frontenac and Talon, the governor and intendant of
Canada, resolved to send an expedition, under Louis Joliet, to
explore the direction and mouth of the Mississippi. Father
Marquette was directed to accompany the party as missionary.
During this expedition, and probably in the latter part of the
summer of 1673, it is said Marquette passed up the Illinois and
Kankakee rivers and over the portage to the St. Joseph of the
lakes. If this be so, of which there seems to be no doubt, then
his was the first European eye that ever rested upon the waters of
VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH.
11
this lovely river, and that too, at a point not two miles distant
from the present city of South Bend. This was more than six years
before the discovery of LaSalle. A narrative of Marquette's voyage,
first published in 1681, and also of a journal of his last expedition,
with autograph maps, may be found in Shea's "Discovery and
Exploration of the Mississippi Valley." The doubts once enter-
tained of the authenticity of these papers no longer remain.
These conflicting claims are briefly stated here rather incidently,
but not with a view to discuss them, nor to make any determina-
tion of the issue. As we have before said, the matter is of no
great practical importance-no greater, perhaps, than it would be
to know for a certainty whether the continent of America was first
discovered by Biorn of Iceland, Leif the son of Eric the Red, or
by Columbus the Genoese. The curious may settle it if they can.
The valley at the time of its discovery, was occupied by Indians,
mostly of the Potawattomie tribe, interspersed by a few Miamis
and Chippewas. It was a favorite resort for those "red men of
the forest," and remains of some of their villages and cornfields
are said to be found at the present time. Some of these settle-
ments were as follows: Chebass', Casson's and Topennebee vil-
lages, near Niles, Musconginon, Weesaw, Pokagon, Mishawaka
and Mongonghanon.
In 1828, Gen. Lewis Cass, then Territorial Governor of the State
of Michigan, made a treaty at the Mission near Niles, by which
the Indians ceded to the United States all their lands in the valley
with the exception of some small reservations. A few years after-
wards these reservations were also ceded to the Government, and in
1840 about two thousand of the aborigines under the conduct of
Alexis Coquillard, left for their new home west of the Mississippi.
In 1843, Mr. Coquillard removed all the remaining Indians, leav-
ing the white man in full and undisputed possession of their
ancient territory. The removal was entirely voluntary on the
part of the Indians. They had the option presented to go in
peace or by the gentle persuasion of the bayonet. Deeply sensi-
ble of the law of necessity which applied to their case, by an
extraordinary effort of free will, they voluntarily departed!
Previous to 1830 the only means of access to the valley was by
two Indian trails, one from Detroit and the other from Fort Wayne,
intersecting at Niles; and by coasting along lake Michigan to the
mouth of the river. Soon after that date, the Territorial road
12
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
from Detroit to Chicago, the Vistula road from Toledo to South
Bend, the Michigan road from Madison to Michigan City and the
State road from Fort Wayne to South Bend were opened and an
impetus thereby given to immigration. At the present time it is
penetrated by two of the most important trunk lines of railroad
to be found on the continent. The Michigan Central was the first
railroad built in the State whose name it bears. Its beneficial
effect throughout the region which borders upon it have been
very great. It runs from Detroit through the beautiful towns of
Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Marshall, Battle Creek and Kala-
mazoo to Niles; thence through Buchanan and Michigan City to
Chicago; making a total distance of two hundred and eighty-four
miles. It was commenced and partially built by the State at a
time when financial Dogberries ruled her legislative destinies;
but in 1844 it passed into the hands of the present corporation,
and was soon completed and ready for business. It has been well
and successfully managed; in proof of which reference need only
to be made to its universal popularity along its entire route and
with the public generally.
The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad was com-
pleted to South Bend in the month of November, 1851, and soon
after was opened from lake Erie to lake Michigan. It runs
through the Valley of St. Joseph from near Hillsdale, in Michi-
gan, to the western part of St. Joseph county, Indiana. It is en-
tirely impossible to estimate the material advantages derived from
this mammoth line of communication, by all the territory which it
traverses. By it, South Bend is one hundred and fifty-seven miles
from Toledo and eighty-five from Chicago. It is one of the best
constructed railroads in the United States, and its management is
unexceptionable in every respect. Its capital stock is $10,601,200,
and its bonded debt $9,135,840, making the aggregate capital
invested nearly $20,000,000. Its gross earnings for the year end-
ing February 28th, 1867, were $4,673,129.86. During the same
year the total number of miles run, by all kinds of trains, was
2,386,193, or more than ninety-five times around the globe! The
track owned, maintained and operated by this company, is as
follows:
VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH.
13
Toledo to Chicago, old line.....
242.06 miles.
Main track north of 22d street, Chicago
•
Toledo to Elkhart, air line...
1.18
133.20
"C
Air Line Junction to Detroit
Adrian to Monroe Junction
•
Palmyra Junction to Jackson…..
Side tracks.
61.51
33.60
(C
44.40
62.32
Total.....
578.27
There are only seven hundred and sixty-eight feet of wooden
bridging upon the road, and this will soon be replaced by perma-
nent structures of stone.
It is worthy of especial remark, that during the year, the amount
received for way passengers exceeds the amount from through
passengers by $271,319, a fact not only showing the character of
the country through which it runs, but suggestive to the managers
of the importance of cultivating this branch of traffic. E. B.
Phillips, Esq., is President, and Chas. F. Hatch, Esq., General
Superintendent.
The St. Joseph railroad runs from White Pigeon, on the Michi-
gan Southern and Northern Indiana road, by way of Constantine,
Three Rivers and Schoolcraft to Kalamazoo, a distance of about
thirty miles. This road, as far as Three Rivers, was built and for
several years operated by the Michigan Southern and Northern
Indiana Company. The whole road is now under the manage-
ment of Ransom Gardner, Esq., and is an important line of com-
munication and traffic for a large and fertile portion of the valley.
A railroad is now in process of construction from Port Huron,
in Michigan, by the way of Flint, Lansing and Battle Creek, Mich-
igan, and Mishawaka to South Bend. It is called the "Peninsu-
lar," and is intended to be a first class road in every respect.
From South Bend it will be carried forward to Chicago, by the
way of Laporte and Valparaiso, so that the connection between
the termini will be continuous and complete. The whole length
of this route is about three hundred and twenty-nine miles, viz.:
from Port Huron to Flint, sixty-five miles; from Flint to Lansing,
forty-five miles; from Lansing to Battle Creek, forty-five miles;
from Battle Creek to Indiana State Line, sixty-nine miles; from
State Line to Chicago, one hundred and five miles. A large pro-
portion of the road bed, in the State of Michigan, is already
graded; and at least that portion between Port Huron and Flint
14
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
will be ironed and in perfect running order before the close of
1867. Arrangements have been made for the necessary material
aid, so that the early completion of the Peninsular road is placed
beyond a peradventure or a doubt.
Enterprising capitalists are moving with a view to the construc-
tion of a railroad from the mouth of the St. Joseph river, by the
way of Berrien and Niles, in Michigan, to South Bend and thence
to intersect the Chicago and Peru road at Plymouth. The dis-
tance is about sixty miles; and the road when built will doubtless
be a very important and profitable one. Both these contemplated
roads will be of great advantage in developing the resources of
the country through which they will pass.
The St. Joseph takes its rise in a small lake, called Baw-Beese,
in Hillsdale county, Michigan, near the county seat, and runs
thence north-west into Calhoun county. Near Tekonsha it makes
an abrupt bend, and its general course thence to South Bend is
south-westerly. From South Bend to Lake Michigan it runs
nearly north. From its head to its mouth the river flows through
a rich, level and well cultivated country, and neither upon or near
any of its numerous tributaries can be found a mountain nor many
elevations that aspire to the dignity of hills. The face of the
valley is undulating, sometimes quite rolling, but everywhere well
adapted to purposes of husbandry. The landscape is beautified
by many small lakes and brooklets, and occasionally unimportant
marshes are found; but these last are fast disappearing under a
uniform and general system of drainage. The source of the river
is on the ridge dividing the waters of lake Erie from those of lake
Michigan, and which is, perhaps, the highest point of land on the
Peninsula. The descent from Hillsdale to lake Michigan is grad-
ual but constant and considerable, so that the St. Joseph, although
flowing through a remarkably level country has, at almost every
point, a rapid current. Being fed largely from springs and lakes,
it is not subject to rapid and excessive rises nor to inconveniently
low stages of water. Inundations are infrequent and unimport-
ant. Its chief tributaries are the Coldwater, Fawn, Pigeon, Little
Elkhart, Elkhart, Dowagiac and Paw Paw rivers, all of which
are valuable mill streams.
Unlike all mountain streams, the St. Joseph, instead of decreas-
ing in its volume as the surrounding country is cleared and im-
proved, has exhibited a very decided increase. This is caused by
VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH.
15
the drainage of marshes and low lands, thus bringing into the
current of the river a large quantity of water which was hereto-
fore spread over a vast area and there been left to evaporate to the
detriment of health and to the general damage and discomfort of
the country. This accretion is constantly going on and for many
years must add very materially to the volume of the stream. A
steamboat called the Schuyler Colfax, of about two hundred tons
burthen, is now plying regularly between South Bend and the
mouth of the river, meeting with little or no obstruction, even at
the present low stage of the water. For years much of the com-
merce of this valley was carried on by steam and keel boats quite
successfully. It now only requires a comparatively small outlay
of means to complete slack water navigation as far up as Three
Rivers, in Michigan. A few locks and dams only are needed to
perfect the navigation for steamers of three hundred tons burthen.
Such an improvement would be highly advantageous to those
whose business involves the moving of heavy and bulky freight.
But a little more than thirty years have elapsed since emigra-
tion was fairly directed towards this valley. Then, there were no
roads, no houses, no mills, no improvements of any kind. Sup-
plies had to be brought from a distance, and at great expense and
hazard. The sickness, suffering, privation and discouragement
incident to all new settlements in the West, had to be encoun-
tered. Homes had to be made, society formed and all the appli-
ances of civilized life to be wrought out by courage, perseverance
and industry. The pioneers of the valley and their successors
have done nobly. Few sections in all the Great West can show
equal results. The contrast and the progress made will more
fully appear by the following figures:
The amount of flour received at Toledo by the Michigan South-
ern and Northern Indiana Railroad for the years indicated and
from the places named, all being properly included in the Valley
of St. Joseph, is as follows:
16
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
1864.
NO. BBLS.
1805.
NO. BRLS.
1866.
NO. BBLS.
South Bend.
Mishawaka
Elkhart
Bristol...
Middlebury.
Three Rivers..
Constantine..
30,834..
38,954.
21,741
6,786..
30,436..
11,935
19,419..
31,438..
22,551
10,097...
12,834.
8,328
2,194.
4,008.
2,089
3,300..
28,757.
31,130
17,828..
24,526.
12,126
White Pigeon.
•
8,208.
11,346.
5,803
Sturgis
8,378.
14,310..
6,000
Burr Oak.
3,908...
9,242.
5,100
Bronson
485...
888..
164
Coldwater
11,706...
17,303..
5,321
Quincy.
Jonesville.
Goshen .
Total....
938..
200.
3,432
7,165..
10,046.
1,026
24,628..
31,880.
16,195
.155,874.........266,162.
152,941
·
The amount of grain received, as above, for the same years,
was, in 1864, 725,238 bushels; in 1865 it was 770,075 bushels; in
1866 it was 447,878 bushels. The almost total failure of the
wheat crop and the short corn crop of 1866 is the cause of the
falling off in that year. The year 1867 will undoubtedly show
a greater export of flour and grain from the places named above
than was ever known in a former year, by the equivalent of more
than half a million bushels. The figures already given, of course,
do not include the quantities sent west and that shipped by the
lake and by the Michigan Central Railroad.
The fruit exports including apples, peaches, strawberries,
huckleberries and cranberries, are almost incredible, but we have
no means of giving even a proximate of the actual amount. In
one week the present summer, over seven thousand bushels of
strawberries were sent to Chicago, from the port of St. Joseph
alone. The peach crop along the lower valley, is of very great
value and is seldom known to be a failure.
The population of the Valley, as shown by the census of 1860,
aggregates as follows:
In Michigan.
In Indiana
•
Total.
131,045
50.113
.181,158
An estimate for the present time, founded upon the ascertained
VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH.
17
rate of increase, gives 287,684. This includes six counties and
half of five others.
To say that the St. Joseph river is a beautiful stream of water
and that the country through which it flows is a very pleasant
and productive valley of land would be a truthful generalization
not likely to be disputed, but equally applicable to many other
rivers and their surroundings. Indeed, it may be doubted
whether the eye of the poet or of the painter would here meet
with that satisfaction easily to be found in more ungenial climes
and amid more rugged formations. To the eye of the utilitarian,
however, he who seeks for more immediate and more practical
uses, very little is here wanting to insure the highest gratification.
Almost from its very source, the river has such a volume of water
and such a gradual but decided fall, as to afford a succession of
valuable locations for the development of hydraulic power; and
the country which it at once waters and drains, though in many
places highly picturesque and beautiful, is noted more than for
all else, as a section where rural abundance is almost spontaneous.
Perhaps no valley in the land, of equal size, is capable of yielding
more sure or more ample rewards to the industrious worker, or
offers greater facilities for the support of a dense population of
enterprising people. This fact cannot but be apparent to even the
casual observer. The numerous and large fields of all the cereals
adapted to the latitude bear ample testimony to the quality of the
soil; natural meadows, thickly set in the rich native grasses and
affording abundant and excellent herbage; orchards laden with
their pomological treasures, gladdening the sight and tempting
the appetite; gardens rejoicing in succulent luxuriance; natural
forests of useful and ornamental trees, all these and much more, give
to the landscape an air not only of plenty but of absolute pro-
fusion. Add to all this the fact of easy culture, speedy and
cheap transportation and a good and never failing market, and
the dream of the agricultural utopian appears to be realized.
But add, further, the extraordinary facilities for all manner of
industrial pursuits afforded by the immense hydraulic power of
the river, and a reality, not a picture, is produced which challen-
ges competition or comparison.
Each town and village along the valley, which has struggled up
from the days of the early settlement of the country, is now
becoming the nucleus of a thriving and important center of indus-
18
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
try and trade. The rose colored expectations of the first settlers
and the feverish excitement occasioned by the construction of
railroads through the country, each visionary and delusive, have
subsided into a more sober and practical view of things, and now
there seems to be not only a rational appreciation of the facilities
which nature has afforded, but a substantial exhibition of that
practical application and energetic action which form a sure pre-
sage of success. A generation of white men have quietly seen
the St. Joseph river sweeping past their doors, wasting its mighty
powers in improvising sand-bars and in dancing over riffles.
That generation, while waiting, like Micawber, for "something to
turn up" to their advantage, have passed away. A new era has
dawned. Enterprise is at work. Genius and art; intelligence
and thrift; capital and labor have combined in a sort of co-oper-
ative union for the purpose of subjecting to humanizing uses the
hitherto unappropriated and unappreciated capabilities of the
situation.
HILLSDALE COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
This county, containing some of the highest land in the Penin-
sula, is the fruitful mother of rivers. Here rise the St. Joseph of
Lake Michigan, the St. Joseph of the Maumee, the Raisin and
the Kalamazoo. Several other small streams rise in, or traverse
the county. The surface is generally rolling, with abrupt swells,
which may, perhaps, properly be called hills. The soil is rich
and productive. In several places fine quarries of a very good
quality of sand stone crop out, well adapted for building-almost
the only ones to be found in the lower peninsula. Lime and iron
ore are found, though not in large quantities. Wheat, corn, pota-
toes and wool are the chief agricultural productions. The village
of HILLSDALE is the county seat. It is very pleasantly situated
near the outlet of Baw Beese lake, and is noted for the romantic
beauty of its surroundings. It enjoys a large and increasing
trade, and its manufactures are in a thriving condition. Hillsdale
College, a large and esteemed institution, under the control of the
Freewill Baptists, is located here. Both male and female students
are admitted.
The village of JONESVILLE is situated about four miles north-
west of Hillsdale, on the Michigan Southern and Northern
Indiana Railroad and on the St. Joseph river, which even here,
furnishes a very good water power. It is, properly, the first
village in the valley descending the river. Its population is esti-
mated at nearly two thousand, who are noted for intelligence and
enterprise. It contains several manufactories, among which is
an extensive woolen factory.
CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
This is one of the finest counties in the State, and contains
seven hundred and twenty square miles. The soil is mostly a
rich sandy loam, with some black alluvial loam in the river bot-
toms. It is one of the chief wool producing counties in Michi-
gan. The population in 1860 was 29,398. It is noted for its
superior public schools. In 1860 there were 7,968 children attend-
ing school. There were 116 male and 212 qualified female teach-
ers, to whom was paid $22,258.40. It has two flourishing cities,
MARSHALL, the county seat, and BATTLE CREEK, both situated on
the Central railroad and the Kalamazoo river, and some thirteen
miles apart. The population of the former in 1860 was 4,000 and
of the latter about the same. The village of TEKONSHA is situ-
ated near the St. Joseph river, on the stage route from Coldwater
to Marshall. It has a good water power and is a thriving town.
Ten miles below Tekonsha is the village of BURLINGTON, also on
the St. Joseph, and containing some three hundred people. It is
fourteen miles north of the Michigan Southern and sixteen miles
south of the Central railroad. It has some manufactories,
including a machine shop.
BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
From its source, the St. Joseph river runs nearly north-west
into Calhoun county, after which brief diversion it turns south-
westerly, and after touching the county of Branch, goes no
farther north again than the southern tier of counties in Michigan.
It makes a detour into Indiana but, returning very suddenly,
pursues its course with great rapidity to its native State and
empties its treasure of waters into Lake Michigan not more than
five miles from a due west line from its source. At Union City,
in Branch county, the Coldwater river debouches into the St.
Joseph, thus making the whole county tributary to and a part of
the valley.
The county of Branch in point of location, fertility and general
advantages, is hardly surpassed by any other county in the penin-
sular State. It was organized in 1833, having been previous to
that time a part of St. Joseph county. It contains five hundred
and twenty-eight square miles. In 1860 it had a population of
20,981, and has now at least 30,000. The estimated value of its
real and personal estate is over twelve millions of dollars. The
surface is generally level and the soil diversified, but all of it
producing crops of extraordinary abundance. It is watered by
the St. Joseph, Big Swan, Little Swan, Prairie and Coldwater
rivers and numerous small creeks and rivulets which become
tributaries to the larger streams. The Michigan Southern and
Northern Indiana railroad passes through the county and has
been a source of inestimable benefit to it. J. B. Crippen, Esq.,
formerly an enterprising citizen of Coldwater, a few years since
22
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
published a Monthly Journal at that place, from which the follow-
ing is extracted:
"When this county constituted a part of St. Joseph, it was
known as the township of Green. Afterwards the towns of
Coldwater and Prairie River were organised; the former embrac-
ing the eastern, the latter the western portion of the county.
From time to time other towns were organized; the names of
some have been changed, and now we have sixteen. The county
seat was first located in 1831, at Masonville, on the east branch of
the Coldwater river, by commissioners appointed for that purpose.
But their location not being confirmed, it was removed in Octo-
ber of the same year to Branch, a few miles south-west of there,
within the township of Coldwater. *
In 1842 the county seat was removed by an act of the legislature
to the village (now city) of Coldwater.
*
*
*
*
*
"The settlements in this county were commenced as early as
1828. The trials and difficulties which the pioneers had to endure
and contend with were many, among which, not the least was the
want of mills. There was no mill for grinding grain nearer than
Constantine, thirty-five miles west, or Tecumseh, fifty-five miles
east, and it was a journey of several days to and from either of
those places, traveling by marked trees through the woods.
"In 1829, Messrs. Foster and LeRonge had an Indian trading
house, west of the Coldwater river, on the north side of the
Chicago road. Mr. Godfroy had a trading house at the east end
of Coldwater Prairie; and afterwards Lorin Marsh established a
trading house on the west bank of the river, on the south side of
the Chicago road. Mr. Bonner, a Welchman, was the first white
man who came with his family to the township of Coldwater.
Rev. E. H. Pilcher preached the first sermon on Coldwater Prairie,
and also conducted the first funeral exercises, on the occasion of
the death of a child of Allen Tibbits. Rev. Allen Tibbits was the
first resident preacher of the gospel. He emigrated to this
country in 1831, and delivered his first discourse in July of that
year. Wales Adams came from Massachusetts, and located in the
western part of the county, in the year 1830, where he erected one
of the first saw mills built in the county, on a stream called Prairie
river." Allen Tibbits, spoken of in the above extract, still lives
at Coldwater. He long since abandoned the clerical profession,
BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
23
and is now a respectable citizen and an alderman of that thriving
city.
The city of COLDWATER, the seat of justice of Branch county,
is situated on the east branch of the river of the same name, and
not far from Coldwater lake. Mr. Clark, in his Gazetteer of Mich-
igan, says that "this is one of the most beautiful and pleasantly
located towns in the country, being located in the center of a
farming region that is unsurpassed for fertility and productiveness,
and inhabited by an enterprising and refined class of people, who
evidently take great pride in rendering their city neat and
attractive." It has a population of over five thousand, and is
distinguished for the intelligence of its women and the beauty of
its men. * It sent many good soldiers to the late war, furnished
material for three or four generals, and was worthily represented
in the quartermaster's department.
The celebrated Loomis'
Battery went from here, and the six guns with which they did
such splendid service have been returned to the city, and are
there held as mementoes of patriotism and valor. Aside from the
elegant public school, built at a cost of over $30,000, the public
buildings are unimportant. The court house is far from modern
in its arrangements and much too small. The jail is a disgrace
to modern or any other kind of civilization; indeed, it is not
equal, in size, style and comfort, to a majority of the stables in
the city. If common humanity does not soon prompt the build-
ing of a new and better one it is to be hoped that some sense of
shame will. It may be remarked that the people of the city, as a
general thing, see and deplore this blot which the inhabitants of
the "rural districts seem determined to perpetuate. There is
located here a very fine "Young Ladies' Seminary " which is
performing a work of great usefulness.
""
The first white settlement was made in 1829, by a man named
Campbell. On the 30th of October, of the same year, the eldest
daughter of Mr. Allen Tibbits died, and she was the first white
person buried in the town. In 1832, the village was laid out by
Joseph Hanchett and Allen Tibbits, and was called Lyons. The
following year the name was changed to Coldwater, that being
the interpretation of Chuck-sen-ya-bish, the Indian name of the
neighboring river. The first meeting house was erected in 1836.
* Vide the Mistletoe Bough.
24
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
An organization under a city charter was effected in 1861, when
Albert Chandler was elected the first Mayor.
The first newspaper issued in Branch county was published in
the village of Branch, then the county seat, in 1832, and was
called the Michigan Argus. In 1833 Dr. Calkins issued the
Coldwater Observer, in the village of Coldwater. In 1842 the
Observer passed into the hands of M. B. Josselyn, who changed
the name to Coldwater Democrat, and published it till 1844, when
Albert Chandler purchased it and continued it some five years, at
the end of which time it was discontinued. It was born, lived
and died a Democrat. The Branch County Journal was started
in November, 1851, by B. F. Thompson, and in 1856 it passed
into the hands of Eddy, Gray & Co., who changed the name to
Branch County Republican. In 1862 the Republican was bought
by Franc B. Way and changed to the Branch County Gazette.
This paper has been Republican throughout, and is now pub-
lished by Benton & Burr.
The Democratic Union was commenced by the late Captain
John L. Hackstaff, in 1856, and continued until 1861, when its
publisher and editor, at the call of his country, went into the
army, from which he returned only to die of disease contracted in
the service. The Southern Michigan News, an independent paper,
was started in March, 1862, under the editorial charge of T. G.
Turner, and was discontinued in the following winter, when the
editor went into the army. The Welcome Guest, a Spiritual
paper, was published for several months in 1859, by Loudon and
Hackstaff; and James B. Crippen, Esq., in 1861, issued an adver-
tising sheet called Crippen's Monthly Journal, evincing consider-
able editorial ability. In 1864 Frederick V. Smith commenced
the Coldwater Sentinel, at first an independent paper, but now of
the Democratic faith. It is still published by Smith and Moore,
and ably edited by the former gentleman. The Republican, the
politics of which is denoted by its name, was commenced in the
summer of 1866, by Major D. J. Easton, and is now published by
W. J. & O. A. Bowen. It is a quarto sheet of very fine
appearance, and may fairly claim to be a first-class weekly news-
paper.
QUINCY is an incorporated village, on the Michigan Southern
Railroad, six miles east of Coldwater. It is a place of consider-
able trade, and has about twelve hundred inhabitants.
BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
25
The village of BRONSON is twelve miles west of Coldwater, and
has a population of some five hundred. It is a brisk little town,
and has recently been contesting with its proud neighbor, the
honor of being the county seat. As yet it has been unsuccessful.
UNION CITY is a pleasant town, at the mouth of the Cold-
water river, twelve miles northwesterly from the county seat, and
on the St. Joseph. It has a fine water power, as yet unimproved,
except on the Coldwater. Had it a railroad connection with the
rest of the world, it would soon equal if not surpass any town in
the county.
3
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
In point of fertility of soil and general natural advantages,
St. Joseph is among the foremost counties in the valley. One of
the peculiarities of this county is thus related by Mr. Clark: "In
various parts of this and the adjoining counties are found
interesting traces of a species of agriculture practiced by a race
that inhabited this region at some very remote period. These
remains are in the shape of ancient garden beds, laid out with
mathematical precision, and occupying, oftentimes, a great extent
of ground, frequently covering from one to three hundred acres
in a single field or garden. They are generally found in prairies
or burr oak plains. They appear in fanciful shapes, but order and
symmetry of proportion seem to govern. Some are laid off in
rectilineal or curvilineal figures, either distinct or combined in a
fantastic manner, in parterres and scolloped work, with alleys
between, and apparently ample walks or avenues, leading in
different directions, displaying a taste that would not discredit a
modern pleasure garden. On the west bank of the St. Joseph
river, a short distance from the village of Three Rivers, a garden
of this kind is still to be seen in tolerable preservation. The
garden is judged to be half a mile in length by one-third in
breadth, and contains upwards of one hundred acres, regularly
laid out in beds, running north and south, in the form of
parallelograms, five feet wide, one hundred feet long, and eighteen
inches deep, with alleys between them eighteen inches wide and
eighteen inches deep. At the extremity of each is a semi-lunar
bed, or semi-circle, of the same depth and diameter, corresponding
to the width of the beds. The beds have the appearance of being
raised above the surrounding country, and are as regular and
distinct as if but recently made. One of the most singular
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
27
*
*
*
*
circumstances connected with these remains is that the Indians
of the neighborhood were evidently in perfect ignorance of their
originators or their uses.
It is evident
that these gardens were constructed and cultivated by a race of
men in every way superior in intelligence and civilization to the
American Indians of the present or past century."
This county had in 1860 an aggregate population of 21,111.
At the present time it probably has about 31,500. There are
several incorporated villages in the county. Descending the
St. Joseph river, the first is COLON, with a population of about
six hundred, and six miles below, MENDON, of about the same
size. Both of these towns have good, but undeveloped, water
power in abundance.
The flourishing and enterprising village of THREE RIVERS is
situated at the confluence of the Portage river and Rocky creek
with the St. Joseph, whence the name. The St. Joseph Railroad
runs through, connecting it with both the Michigan Southern, at
White Pigeon, and the Central, at Kalamazoo, it being twelve
miles to the former and eighteen to the latter place. The popu-
lation is estimated at about 2,500. Three Rivers is at the head of
navigation on the St. Joseph. To this point, for many years
before the completion of the great east and west railroads,
steamers of light draught constantly plied from Lake Michigan,
Lockport, Brooklyn and Canada, three adjoining settlements, are
regarded as suburbs of Three Rivers. The hydraulic power
afforded by the three streams which here mingle their waters is
immense, and unsurpassed in the State, except at Grand Rapids.
It is improved to some extent, but there is still a large surplus
awaiting the demands of capital and enterprise.
The first settler was Jacob McEutenfer, in 1830. The village
was laid out in 1836, and incorporated in 1857. The first church
was erected in 1838.
At the point where Fawn river falls into the St. Joseph, and on
the railroad from White Pigeon to Kalamazoo, four miles from the
Michigan Southern road, is situated the village of CONSTANTINE,
with something over fifteen hundred inhabitants. Fawn river
furnishes a first class water power, which has been liberally
improved and profitably used. The St. Joseph has never been
dammed here, but offers great inducement for such an improve-
ment. The town is handsomely laid out, and is ornamented with
28
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
a good degree of taste. It is one of the most beautiful and live
towns of the West, and is worthy the particular notice of those
who are seeking locations for business.
"
WHITE PIGEON is located on the Southern Michigan and
Northern Indiana Railroad, near the Indiana line, and is the
Southern terminus of the St. Joseph road. Pigeon river flows
through the town, and affords good and abundant water power.
Considerable manufacturing is done here, and the town is in a
healthy and flourishing condition. The population is nearly or
quite two thousand. A very good newspaper is published here,
called the Democratic Union, by George L. Hackstaff & Co. The
"office" is the same one used by Captain Hackstaff, now
deceased, in printing his paper of the same name at Coldwater,
several years ago.
Twelve miles east of White Pigeon, on the railroad, in the
midst of one of the finest prairies in the West, is the village of
STURGIS, with a population of nearly two thousand. It is a
thriving town, and likely to become a prominent point on the
Michigan and Indiana Railroad, which is now being built and
which will here cross the Michigan Southern. It has one news-
paper, the Sturgis Journal, edited by Hon. J. G. Wait.
BURR OAK is six miles to the east of Sturgis, and has about
eight hundred inhabitants. The village is prosperous.
CENTERVILLE is the county seat of St. Joseph, and is tastefully
laid out, in the interior of the county. It has several fine resi-
dences and respectable county buildings. The Prairie river fur-
nishes a fair water power which is improved to some extent. The
sound of the locomotive never echoed through the streets of
Centerville, and as a consequence it has only about six or seven
hundred people.
Returning to the St. Joseph river, we come to MOTTVILLE, a
few miles below Constantine. Settlements and considerable
improvements were made here at an early day. It has a splendid
water power but no railroad communication. General Hart L.
Stewart, now of Chicago, was one of the first settlers here, and
was formerly a large landholder, and one of the most enterprising
men in the county. Better days may be in store for Mottville.
It needs only enterprise and industry to raise the population far
above eight hundred, which is about the present number. We
now pass into Indiana.
ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA.
This county is bounded north by the State of Michigan, east
by Noble and LaGrange counties, south by Kosciusko county, and
west by St. Joseph county. It is divided into sixteen townships,
viz.: Cleveland, Baugo, Olive, Locke, Osolo, Concord, Harrison,
Union, Washington, Jefferson, Elkhart, Jackson, York, Middle-
bury, Clinton and Benton. Its aggregate population at the
present time does not vary much from 30,000. In 1860 it was,
according to the census returns for that year, 20,986, showing an
increase in seven years of at least 9,014. Assuming this as the
rate of increase for the ten years ending in 1870, the number at
that date will be near 35,000, which will be found to be under
rather than over the mark. The first census was taken in 1830,
for which the county paid the sum of four dollars and fifty cents,
a fact warranting the inference, perhaps, that the number of
inhabitants was not large, although what it was does not appear.
The
The county was organized in June, 1830, by James Matthews,
John Jackson and Armenius C. Penwell, constituting the Board
of Justices, the former of whom was elected president. At a
special meeting of the board, in the following July, all the
territory in the State east of the present limits of the county was
erected into a township, and called Mong-go-qua-nong.
territory constituting this township of magnificent proportions
and distances, as well as name, was attached to Elkhart county
for judicial and other purposes, and has since been organized into
several counties. The territory now forming a part of Kosciusko
county, on the south, was also attached to Elkhart at that time,
and was known as Turkey Creek township.
30
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed under the organizing
act of the Legislature, located the county seat on the southwest
quarter of section twenty-four, in Concord township; but in 1831
this location was changed, and the seat of justice was finally
established at Goshen, where it still remains. Here the first court
of record was held, by the associate judges of the county, in
November, 1830, who were allowed and paid for their judicial
services, in addition to the honor which they enjoyed, the sum of
four dollars each.
In July, 1830, the first merchant's license was issued to
Dominique Rouseau, an Indian trader of those times.
The county contains 472 square miles, or 302,080 acres of land.
The number of acres returned for taxation is 291,830, which shows
the waste land, village plats, &c., to be but a small fraction over
three per cent. The last property valuation, as returned, is as
follows:
Real Estate....
Personal Estate.
Total for taxation...
$4,604,163
4,101,493
$8,705.656
But these figures fail entirely to give the actual value of the
property in the county. It does not include a large amount of
property exempt from taxation, and the taxable is only an approx-
imation to the real value.
There are nine villages in the county, viz.: Goshen, Elkhart,
Middlebury, Bristol, Millersburg, Waterford, Wakarusha, New
Paris and Benton. The first two are important towns; the others
are thriving points for local trade.
The St. Joseph river enters the State of Indiana and the county
of Elkhart near the northeast corner of Washington township,
and runs southwesterly, through Bristol to Elkhart; thence, nearly
due west to St. Joseph county. The Elkhart river enters the
county near the northeast corner of Benton township, and runs
nearly west, through the village of Benton to Jackson township;
thence it pursues a northwesterly course through Waterford and
Goshen, in Elkhart township, across Jefferson and Concord town-
ships, to Elkhart, where it enters the St. Joseph. It is a fine
stream, of considerable volume, and has several valuable mill sites
upon it. At Goshen, it is made available for manufacturing pur-
ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA.
31
poses to a large extent. The Little Elkhart passes through
Middlebury and joins the St. Joseph at Bristol. Christian creek
rises in Michigan, enters Elkhart county at the northwest corner
of Osolo township, and runs thence nearly south to Elkhart, where
it falls into the St. Joseph. Turkey creek enters into the Elkhart
river some four miles south of Goshen. Baugo creek and its
tributaries serve to water much of the west part of the county.
The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad touches
the county in York township, runs southwesterly through Bristol
and Elkhart to the west line of Baugo township, where it enters
St. Joseph county. The air-line branch has its western terminus
at Elkhart, and runs almost due southeast, through Goshen and
Millersburg, to the northeast corner of Benton township, a distance
of about twenty miles, where it leaves the county.
The soil of Elkhart county is invariably of a most excellent
quality, and well adapted to the production of fruits, vegetables,
and all kinds of grains and grasses. The climate is good, the
water excellent and no county in the State of Indiana stands
higher in every desirable respect.
Following the course of the St. Joseph, from the old town of
Mottville, seven miles, we come to BRISTOL. This town is
situated just below where the Little Elkhart enters the St. Joseph,
and occupies a beautiful and high plateau of land at a point where
the latter river makes a bold but short sweep to the south. The
favorable character of the soil, the elevated plateau, the splendid
water view from almost every part of the town, the abundance of
verdure interspersed with fruits and flowers, and withal that
general air of quiet and serenity which everywhere pervades, serve
to render Bristol emphatically the
"Loveliest village of the plain."
The surrounding country is very fertile and very beautiful, and
the trade of the town, although local, has, from the first settle-
ment of the valley, been important. Quite a large grain trade
centers here, and the country round about is noted for the
quantity and quality of its orchard fruits.
The Little Elkhart has hitherto furnished sufficient hydraulic
power, easily available, for the purposes of the town, and this
circumstance has retarded the improvement of the more import-
32
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
•
ant St. Joseph. Recently, however, attention has centered upon
this latter power, and a substantial company has been formed for
the purpose of bringing it into use. From the west end of the
town, for over half a mile, the river has such a decided fall as to
give the current almost the character of rapids. Here, at a
convenient point, the company have purchased a tract of land
admirably adapted to the purpose, and are now actively engaged
in preparing to build a dam and races. The dam will be
very substantial, some three hundred feet long, and giving a
head and fall of about eight feet. The main race will be one
hundred and fifty feet wide and over one-third of a mile in length.
It can be made with very little excavation, by following a
depression seemingly intended by nature for the purpose. On
either side of this main race are splendid sites for erecting mills,
with good facilities for tail races and other conveniences. In a
word, there seems to be almost no limit to the facilities and
power. Near by are plenty of stone, and on the company's
property is now standing abundant timber for all purposes of the
improvement. The gentlemen who are engaged in the project
are entirely in earnest, and early next year a new field for enter-
prising manufacturers will be fully opened. The town has now
a population of nearly eight hundred, and there is good reason for
believing that, before the census of 1870, it will be at least doubled.
The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad runs
through the southern part of the town, and good roads lead in
almost every direction.
Probably no person of discernment ever visited the village of
ELKHART without being impressed not only with the great beauty
of the locality, but with its wonderful adaptation to purposes of
business, and especially to manufacturing. The town is situated
on a gentle declivity, bounded on the north by the St. Joseph
river. The character of the formation, in connection with the
dry, hard soil, gives excellent assurance of cleanliness and health.
The streets are conveniently laid out, and improved with good
taste. Through the easterly part of the town runs the Elkhart
river. This is much the lowest portion, but seldom overflowed.
In the great freshet of 1855, the Elkhart cut a new channel, east
of the old and main one, through which it now discharges a
portion of its water into the St. Joseph. This river affords a very
ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA.
33
desirable water power, which has been successfully, but only par-
tially, improved. A flouring mill, a woolen factory, and some
other machinery are located here.
A bridge spans the St. Joseph at the foot of Main street. On
the north side is found a large flouring mill and the paper mill of
C. Beardsley, Esq. The machinery here is driven by water
from Christian creek, a small stream which empties into the
St. Joseph about half a mile above. The fall obtained from the
Christian is twenty-four feet, and not over half the water is now
in use. Here, on a high and commanding table of land, are found
some of the finest building spots in the valley or in the West.
B. L. Davenport, Esq., is now just completing a splendid mansion
here at a cost of over $25,000. It is undoubtedly the best private
dwelling in Northern Indiana, and is a specimen of fine taste and
good workmanship.
It is almost impossible to say which of the many water powers
afforded by the St. Joseph is the best. They are all good, each
possessing some advantages peculiar to itself. In this regard
Elkhart certainly is not surpassed by any other place, and it is
entirely unaccountable how or why the citizens have left it so
long unimproved. They seem, however, now to have suddenly
opened their eyes to their own best interests, and are evidently in
earnest. A short distance above, and nearly adjoining the town,
nature has presented them with races nearly ready made to their
hands, and with a power sufficient to turn all the machinery at
present in the valley. The Elkhart Hydraulic Company are now
engaged with a large force in fitting this site for manufacturing
purposes. The river is here about one hundred yards wide, and a
fine dam is to be thrown across. They are not prepared to say
when their works will be completed, and we have no means of
knowing what particular inducements they propose to hold out to
those seeking business locations. It may be remarked, however,
that, in anticipation of the benefits expected to flow from this and
other improvements, Elkhart has taken a new start. Numerous
buildings, both for business and residences, have recently been
erected, and the population is rapidly increasing. In 1860 there
were 1433 people here, and this number has probably been just
about doubled in the past seven years.
Elkhart is an important railroad point. Here the air and the
old line of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana road join,
34
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
it being by the former 133, and by the latter 142 miles to Toledo:
The distance to Chicago is 100 miles. The only eating house
upon the line is located here. It is kept by Messrs. Patrick &
Son, and is in great favor with the public. Its hotel accommoda-
tions are complete.
The freight received at and forwarded from Elkhart, for the
twelve months ending February 28, 1867, was as follows:
Received,.
Forwarded..
(C
8,835,430 lbs; Revenue,
17,662,402
(6
$20,802.41
36,757.60
$57,560.01
Total,..
26,497,832 "
The number of passengers leaving, for the time above stated,
was 26,063, and the earnings from this source were $30,905.30.
There are two newspapers published here, viz.: The Elkhart
Review and a religious paper called the Herald of Truth.
GOSHEN is the county seat of Elkhart county. It is situated on
the east bank of the Elkhart river, and about eighty rods from the
lower point of Elkhart Prairie. This prairie is about five miles
long by three miles in width, and is noted for the depth and rich-
ness of its soil. The site of the town was formerly oak openings.
In 1830 the connty seat was located several miles below; but in
1831 it was permanently fixed at Goshen. The land upon which
the town stands was entered by the county, and the first lots were
sold in the fall of 1831. William Bissell was the first permanent
white settler. The first meeting house was built on Sixth street,
in the spring of 1833. It belonged to the Methodist Society, and
is still in existence, and used as a dwelling house. The first mill
was built on Rock Run, about half a mile from the center of the
town, by John Carpenter, in 1831. The court house, now standing
and in good repair, was commenced in 1832 and completed in the
following year. It was the first court house in Indiana north of
the Wabash.
In 1860 Goshen had 2,042 inhabitants; at the present time the
number does not vary much from 3,200. The town is in a healthy
condition, and increasing rapidly in wealth and importance. The
Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Air-line Railroad runs
through the western part of Goshen. The freight received and
forwarded by this road at and from Goshen, for the year ending
February 28, 1867, was as follows:
ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA.
35
Received,..
Forwarded,...
5,688,594 tbs; Revenue,
13,880,520
(6
((
Total,
$18,988.74
29,738.51
$48,727.25
19,569,114 "
The number of passengers leaving, for the time stated, was
15,443, from whom was derived a revenue of $18,418.95. Of the
freight shipped, one item consisted of about one million feet of
black walnut lumber, nearly one-half of which was forwarded by
one concern, Hawks Bros. All this and much more ought to
have been manufactured at home. The time is near at hand when
such a waste of raw material will not be suffered.
The Elkhart river, at Goshen, affords excellent and abundant
water power. The Mechanical and Manufacturing Company are
now improving this power to its utmost capacity. A substantial
dam, two hundred and fifty feet long, one mile above town, will
cause nearly the whole of the river to flow through a splendid
canal, sixty feet wide at the bottom, and one and a half miles in
length. A fall of twenty feet is thus obtained, and many excellent
mill sites with plenty of room secured. John W. Erwin, Esq., the
engineer of the works, estimates the whole hydraulic power thus
made available, to be sufficient for one hundred and fifty runs of
stones. In point of durability, security and cheapness, this power
is unsurpassed. The gentlemen actively engaged in the work are
exhibiting a spirit and liberality which might well be imitated at
some other localities. They know that talk will not build a dam,
and hence they are investing about $100,000; they know also that
in order to draw labor and capital from abroad, they must make
known the attractions which they offer; therefore they advertise.
Their engagements will all be kept; they have not yet learned the
art of repudiation.
Goshen is substantially built, and, especially on the high ground
toward its northern limits, presents some very beautiful sites for
private residences. The valuation of property for taxable pur-
poses, in 1866, was $715,847. It has two public schools; seven
churches; two banks; three hotels; one flouring mill; three
agricultural implement factories; one woolen factory; one planing
mill and spoke factory; four wagon shops and one tannery. The
Democrat and the Times are the papers published here, both of
them respectable in size, handsomely printed and ably conducted.
36
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
MIDDLEBURY is situated in a township bearing the same name,
some five miles nearly south of the railroad. The Little Elkhart
runs near by the town, and furnishes power for a flouring mill at
no great distance. The situation is delightful. It is in the center
of a rich and highly cultivated country, and enjoys quite a large
trade. It is rural in its aspect in every particular. A railroad
connection, now contemplated, is only required to render it a very
desirable place for business or residence. The number of inhabit-
ants is about five hundred.
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
The face of ST. JOSEPH County, Indiana, is handsomely diver-
sified, and is in every respect well adapted to all kinds of agri-
cultural industry. The soil may be divided into four kinds, viz. :
the light, sandy soil of the original oak openings, or barrens; the
black, sandy loam of the thick woods; the deep, vegetable mold
of the prairies; and the natural meadows or marshes. The
former of these is quick, easily tilled, and is highly prized for the
culture of fruit and for horticultural and gardening purposes. It
readily responds to the application of fertilizers and to all the
appliances of good husbandry. It is no more easily affected by
drouth than the prairie or the thick woods; and seldom suffers
from excessive rains. The little labor and expense required to
bring it from a state of nature under cultivation, secured for it
the favorable notice of the early settlers of the county; and
many of the first and best farms are located upon it. The densely
wooded sections of the county, or as those localities are techni-
cally called, the "thick woods," present a soil noted for its
strength, certainty and durability. The original growth of the
timber upon these lands has been the marvel of all observers;
and it has never failed to be a token of the great producing capa-
bilities of the soil when cultivated in the ordinary crops of the
farm.
The prairies are Terre Coupee, Greene's, Portage, Harris and
Sumption's. Terre Coupee is much the largest, being about nine
miles long and an average of three in width. It is quite level and
exceedingly fertile. The others are more rolling; but none of
38
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
them differ essentially from the ordinary prairies of the West,
excepting, perhaps, in the high state of cultivation to which care-
ful management has brought them. The marshes are quite numer-
ours, but none of them of much magnitude, except the celebrated
Kankakee, which commences two miles from the St. Joseph river,
near South Bend. It is but a few years since these lands began
to be prized at something near their real value. At present, how-
ever, under a proper system of drainage, they have become very
desirable. In many localities the coarse marsh grass and useless
weeds have given way to fields cultivated in wheat, corn or other
crops, or to pasture, or meadow lands thickly set in timothy or
blue grass. The Kankakee marsh, or perhaps more properly, the
Valley of the Kankakee, in particular, presents a remarkable
illustration of the benefits of judicious drainage. Here, on four
square miles of land, or about two thousand five hundred acres,
there has been constructed over twenty miles of ditch, averaging
eight feet in width by four feet in depth. These ditches have an
average fall of about four feet to the mile. Three-quarters of this
drainage is through the outlet of the Kankakee lake into the St.
Joseph river, some two miles distant and more than forty feet
below the surface of the lake and the surrounding country.
Along here is the dividing line between the waters flowing into
the St. Lawrence on the one hand and into the Gulf of Mexico on
the other. Indeed, so equal is the poise here, that it is frequently
impossible to tell in which direction the water is inclined to run
when unobstructed or unassisted by art. Some years ago, it is
said, the outlet of the Kankakee lake was by the way of the river
of that name towards the south-west; and old Government maps
make the head of the river in the lake. It is also asserted, upon
what seems to be abundant evidence, that by the breaking away
of an old beaver dam, the waters of the lake were diverted to the
St. Joseph and the lakes.
The Kankakee river is a very sluggish, crooked stream, but
susceptible of being deepened, widened and straightened at a
comparatively small expense. This done, as it doubtless will be,
at no distant day, and the system of drainage, now commenced,
properly extended, and at least twenty thousand acres of land in
this county will be reclaimed and made productive for all purposes
of husbandry. Even now, with slight improvements, these
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
39
natural meadows are capable of being used to great advantage
for dairy purposes. The richness of the herbage; the entire
exemption from the vicissitudes of drouth; the moderate climate;
access to abundant and good water; the low price at which the
lands can be purchased and a certainty of a constant increase in
their value offer inducements to enterprising dairymen and stock
raisers seldom met with elsewhere. If western bound emigrants
would give this section an examination they could scarcely fail to
choose homesteads and sure fortunes in the midst of an old and
desireable country rather than undergo the discomforts, dangers
and even want, incident to a settlement in the far off wilds, in the
regions of sundown.
A gentleman well acquainted with the dairy business of
Herkimer county, New York, and with that portion of the Wes-
tern Reserve, Ohio, known as Cheesedom, among other figures
gives us the following estimate of the profits of a dairy farm on
these lands:
"One hundred and sixty acres of land will keep fifty cows.
The land would cost about $15.00 per acre.
160 acres of land, at $15.00 per acre, is
50 cows, at $40.00 each....
Buildings, fencing, etc.,
Total outlay....
•
•
.$2,400
2,000
1,000
..$5,400
The net profit for each cow per year has been proved to be not
less than $70.00. Then say,
50 cows, first year at $70.00, is..
50
"6
second year, at $70.00, is.
Total.....
$3,500
3,500
$7,000
So that, if a man borrow money to begin with, in two years he
could pay it all up and have left as follows:
Cash on hand...
Cows and improvements.
Land, doubled in value....
Total...
.$1,600
3,000
4,800
.$9,400
Which last amount represents the clear profit for two years."
40
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
It is easy to double or quadruple this transaction with propor-
tionately increased results. These figures show, at least, that the
enterprising dairyman can find an almost unequaled field of labor
on the Kankakee. But the value of the Kankakee lands is by no
means measured by their adaptation to agricultural uses. It has
been demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt, that they are
overlaid with inexhaustible beds of the best peat in the world !
Here is an exemplification of that wonderful principle of compen-
sation which seems to govern in the economy of nature. Immense
prairies present to the eye neither tree nor shrub; the forests of
the West have been for years undergoing a process of exhaustion;
the extraordinary requirements of a new country and the demands
of commerce, coupled with an almost inexcusable waste, have
already occasioned reasonable fears that the time was approach-
ing, in this section of the country, when even fuel would be an
expensive luxury. Within the past ten or twelve years firewood
has risen in our market more than two hundred per cent. in value,
and even at the present prices, the consumption by our railroads
and the rapidly increasing manufactories as well as the require-
ments for ordinary domestic purposes, have increased these
apprehensions. No coal fields are known to be accessible within.
a reasonable distance. But now all fears are ended. The valley
of the Kankakee is ascertained to be a mine of useful wealth and
capable of furnishing an inexhaustible supply of fuel at low prices.
The following from Leavitt's Peat Journal is interesting in this
connection:
"There is one peat-bog in Indiana over sixty miles long, with
an average width of three miles, extending from South Bend to
the Illinois line, along both sides of the Kankakee river. It is
possible, at small expense, to lower the bed of this river below
the marsh, so as to drain the peat ten or fifteen feet deep. In
places it is known to be over forty feet deep. The amount of fuel
in this bog is perfectly incalculable, or rather incomprehensible,
to any ordinary class of minds. South of the Kankakee, the peat-
bogs between there and the Wabash are simply immense, and
they are traversed by three railroads.
"The only objection we ever heard to the prairie-marsh peat is
that it is generally too light, porous, spongy; too much of it
undecomposed fibre of coarse grass and weeds to make good fuel
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
41
when dried. That objection is all obviated in just such peat when
worked in a condensing machine.
Numerous tests have been made with this class of peat from all
the extreme Northwestern States, which prove that it is highly
combustible, and leaves a very small per cent. of ash. It is the
very material needed in all the prairie towns to make gas; for
that it is excellent."
It might also have been observed that the northern portion of
these peat deposits can be easily drained by cutting a channel
into the St. Joseph river at South Bend. Indeed, nearly thirty
years ago the late Alexis Coquillard constructed a mill race from
the Kankakee river to the St. Joseph, and obtained a sufficient
supply of water for two flouring mills and a saw mill, with over
forty feet fall. When the dam was thrown across the river at
South Bend, these mills were suffered to go into disuse, and finally
to decay. For many years they have been out of existence or
used for other purposes, and the race is now out of repair and in
some places entirely filled up.
Iron ore has been found in some parts of the county in such
quantities as to afford hopes of a permanent supply; but it has
already been exhausted and the smelting furnaces discontinued.
A good quality of brick clay is sufficiently abundant and conve-
niently distributed. Both red and yellow brick are made, the
latter of a color and quality closely resembling, and not at all
inferior to the celebrated Milwaukee brick.
Rich marl deposits are found in many places on the margin and
at the bottom of lakes and ponds. The marl is not only valuable
as a fertilizer, but is manufactured to some extent into a fair
article of lime. It is also said that quite extensive beds of silica
of a very fine quality have been discovered. If this be the case,
two important ingredients in the composition of glass are ready
to the hand of the manufacturer.
The county is well watered by fine springs, clear running
streams and several ponds and lakes, and at almost every point the
best of water is found by sinking wells from fifteen to twenty-five
feet.
The common school system of Indiana is by no means satisfac-
tory to the friends of popular education. It has undergone im-
provements, from time to time, and a spirit seems to be abroad
4
42
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
which will undoubtedly soon ripen into a determination to place
the State among the foremost in this regard. In some of the
Germanic powers, we are told that education is not only entirely
free, but that it is made obligatory upon parents to send their
children to school, until a certain age, and that grave disabilities
attach to the neglect of the advantages so generously provided.
Probably a system of coercion and disabilities is too despotic
ever to be adopted under our mild form of government, and that
the end sought can be better attained by the stimulas of competi-
tive rewards and popular approbation. However this may be, it
is a proposition too plain to admit of serious argument that air and
education should be equally pure and free to every minor of suffi-
cient age in the State. No matter of what color, clime, condi-
tion or sex, all should receive this earnest of the paternal care of
a commonwealth, whose honor, power and value can best be
preserved and perpetuated by the virtue and intelligence of the
ever-rising generation. There are many good common school
houses in the county, but as a general thing, the advantages they
afford are entirely too intermittent, and in many cases may be
said to be almost remittant. The common school should be the
best school. It should be the poor man's college and the rich
man's pride. Instead of being a convenient place for the occa-
sional restraint of unruly urchins, or an infirmary for pig-headed
pedagogues, it should be the fountain of popular intelligence, the
index of our civilization and the glory of our State.
The public roads are generally good, but they still offer a wide
margin for improvement. There was never but one plank road
built within the bounds of the county, except a short one over
Grapevine marsh, and that one has differed from other roads only
in being much the worst and in the imposition of an exorbitant
tax or toll for the privilege of being jolted over an impracticable
causeway of decayed and broken plank. Some persons have been
guilty of the technical ingratitude of "running" it, and have
been subjected to suits at law in consequence; few, however,
have been so hopelessly insane as to attempt to run upon it. In
the summer of 1832, the Great Michigan road, as it was and is
still called, was cut through the county. This road reaches from
Madison, on the Ohio river, to Michigan City, on lake Michigan,
a distance of two hundred and fifty-eight miles. About the same
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
43
time the Vistula road, running from Toledo (then Vistula) to
South Bend, was put in traveling condition. The advent of these
two great thoroughfares caused great rejoicing, and subsequently
proved highly advantageous in the settlement of the county.
They bore about the same relation to the ordinary facilities for
locomotion in those days, that the first class railroad of to-day
does to them. In May, 1832, the State road from Fort Wayne by
the way of Goshen, to South Bend, was surveyed by George
Crawford, under the directions of Nathan Coleman, James Blair
and Samuel Martin, commissioners. The distance between the
termini is seventy-six miles. The distance in this county is ten
miles. In the same month a State road, starting at a point where
the Michigan road crosses Yellow Creek, by the way of Laporte
to the mouth of Trail Creek, was laid out by A. Burnside, com-
missioner. Fifteen miles of this road were in the then county of
St. Joseph. In 1834, the State road through Sumption's prairie
to the west line of the State, was located. Mean time various
county roads were laid out connecting many already thriving
settlements with the county seat.
Ferries were also established across the St. Joseph at South
Bend. The first ferry license was granted to N. B. Griffeth, in
September, 1831. It was located at the foot of Water street,
where the bridge now stands; and Mr. Griffeth was "required to
keep a good and sufficient flat or boat, to convey conveniently over
said river two horses and a wagon at one time." In January, 1835,
another ferry was established at the foot of Market street, and license
granted to Alexis Coquillard, who was "required to furnish a
boat for said ferry to be at least forty-five feet long by twelve
wide." The license fee for a ferry in those days was two dollars
per annum. The Circuit Court records for 1833 show that Mr.
Coquillard was endeavoring, by a suit at law, to abate the com-
peting efforts of Mr. Griffeth. The records also show the suit to
have been a failure.
The act for the formation of St. Joseph and Elkhart counties,
approved January 29, 1830, bounds St. Joseph county as follows:
"Beginning at range number two west from the second principal me-
ridian of the State of Indiana on the northern line of the State;
thence running east to where range number three east intersects the
44
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
State line; thence south with the range line thirty miles; thence
west to range two west; thence north to the place of beginning."
Thomas J. Evans and Gillis McBane of Cass county, Daniel
Worth of Randolph county, John Berry of Madison county, and
John Ross of Fayette county, were appointed commissioners to
locate the seat of justice.
Section seven provides "that all the territory lying west of said
county, to the State line be and the same is hereby attached to the
said county of St. Joseph, for civil and criminal jurisdiction; and
the citizens residing within the bounds so included, shall be
entitled to all the privileges and immunities, and be subject to all
the taxes, impositions and assessments of the citizens of St.
Joseph."
The bounds of the county have since been somewhat circum-
scribed, a part going into the composition of Marshall, and a part
now belonging to Laporte county. The original south line fell a
little below the town of Plymouth..
The county is now bounded north by the State of Michigan,
east by Elkhart county, south by Marshall county and west by
Laporte county. It was organized the 27th of August, 1830. On
that day, in pursuance of the act of the General Assembly, Adam
Smith, Lambert McComb and Levi F. Arnold met at the house of
Alexis Coquillard and having each presented his commission, as a
justice of the peace, from James B. Ray, Governor of the State,
took the oath of office before L. M. Taylor, clerk of the county.
They then proceeded to elect Lambert McComb president of the
board, and St. Joseph county had a legal existence. The first
order of the board appointed John D. Lasly county treasurer.
Samuel Hanna & Co. and the American Fur Company were each
ordered to pay into the county treasury the sum of ten dollars for
a license to sell foreign merchandise. Panels of grand and petit
jurors were drawn to serve at the term of the circuit court to be
held in the following November. It is, however, a matter of
doubt whether this court was ever held. Mr. Thomas L. Cotterell,
now living at South Bend and who was then sheriff, has an indistinct
recollection that it was. He thinks at least one of the county
judges was present, that court was duly opened in the woods near
the bank of the river, below Water street, and immediately
adjourned. Other persons remember to have been present at
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
45
some time, about that date, when a court was held by county
judges; but the first court of which there is any record and at
which there was a presiding judge, was held at South Bend, on
the 29th day of October, 1832, by Hon. John R. Porter, presi-
dent judge of the first judicial circuit, to which the county was
then attached. It lasted but for one day, and was held in the
bar room of Calvin Lilley's hotel, then standing on Michigan
street, on the lot now occupied by Messrs. Russ & Ireland. The
old building is now in existence and is used by Studebeker Bros.
on Jefferson street, as a ware room. Daniel A. Fullerton was
sheriff, and Lathrop M. Taylor clerk. Jonathan A. Liston, Elisha
Egbert, A. Ingram, Thomas B. Brown, William M. Jenners and
C. E. Green were admitted to practice at the bar. The first case
recorded in the order book seems to be an illustration of the lines
of the poet-
""Twas the ominous month of October,
How the memories rise in my soul!
How they swell like a sea, in my soul!"
It was Redding vs. Redding-petition for a divorce, and was the
pioneer case of other thousands which have come after it, bringing
an immensity of happiness in their train! An order was made to
publish notiec of the pendency of the suit in the St. Joseph Beacon.
It is pleasant to be able to state that at the next term of the court,
Mr. Redding got a bill of divorce from Mrs. Redding, in considera-
tion of which he was ordered to pay the cost of suit in sixty days,
or stand the hazard of an attachment. The third case presents
Elisha Egbert against Jacob Hardman, in "case for libel." The
plaintiff was sent out of court for want of a declaration, and J.
A. Liston, attorney for defendant, says: "Received my docket
fee." The first criminal case shows Sarah McLelland as respond-
ent, and the lady being interrogated as to how she would acquit
herself of the charge of selling spiritous liquors to the Indians,
owned up to the "soft impeachment," and paid five dollars for her
indiscretion.
The record of the term closes with the following entry:
"The grand jury empanneled to enquire into the body of St.
Joseph county, do report, that they have examined the jail of said
county, and do find in said jail one prisoner; and farther do find
46
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
said jail insufficient and uncomfortable. George Holloway, Fore-
man." Since then the judges for the judicial circuit to which St.
Joseph has been attached, have been Gustavus A. Everts, Samuel
C. Sample, Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, Thomas S. Stanfield and
Andrew G. Osborn, the latter being the present incumbent. Judges
Sample and Chamberlain are deceased.
The first conviction for a felony was at a special term of the
circuit court, held January 1, 1835, when Alexis Provoncelle was
found guilty of burglary, and sent to State prison for three years.
This Provoncelle seems to have been a troublesome fellow, for at
the November term of the commissioner's court, in 1834, Adam
G. Polk was allowed seven dollars for arresting and bringing him
from Laporte, and Jennings & Bailey two dollars for "making
and repairing handcuffs and fetters for Provoncelle."
The county contains four hundred and sixty-three square miles,
or two hundred and ninety-five thousand three hundred and
twenty acres of land, about two-thirds of which is under improve-
ment. It is divided into thirteen townships, the population of
which in 1860, was as follows:
Portage...
Penn..
German
Warren
Olive....
4,374
3,752
786
734
1,450
Liberty and Lincoln.
1,756
Green
•
960
Center.
725
Union
Harris
1,461
•
349
..
Clay.
Madison
914
1,156
Total for county..
..18,411
The rate of increase from 1840 to 1860, was for each decade,
eighty-four per cent. Taking that as the basis of calculation
since 1860, and the population now should be 29,305, and the
census of 1870 should show a total of 33,957. These figures are
probably very nearly correct.
There are twelve cities and villages in the county, viz: South
Bend, Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Plainfield, Terre Coupee,
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
47
Weesaw, North Liberty, Walkerton, West Troy, Oceola, Lake-
ville and Woodland. It is, perhaps, safe to say that some of them
are not very large: but the aggregated testimony of citizens from
each is to the effect that all are likely to become important towns.
The first steamboat arrived at South Bend in the spring of 1834.
She was propelled by a stern wheel, and was called the Matilda
Barney. She was hailed with great rejoicings and her advent
celebrated with numerous and full-sized libations of red-eye and
tangle-leg decoctions.
By an act of the General Assembly of the State, approved
January 19th, 1831, the boards of the justices of the peace, in
whom the government of counties had previously been vested,
were abolished, and the election of three commissioners in each
county provided for. An election was accordingly held in the
summer of 1831, and Aaron Staunton, David Miller and Joseph
Rorer were chosen as commissioners for St. Joseph county. On
the 5th of September, the latter two met at the house of Alexis
Coquillard, and proceeded to transact county business.
Staunton took his seat the following day.
Mr.
In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed by the General
Assembly met, and located the county seat on the "McCartney
Farm," then owned by William Brookfield, about two miles below
South Bend. The recorded plot, done in very pretty water colors,
announced itself to be "a correct diagram of the county seat
called St. Joseph." Each of the Commissioners was honored by
having his name given to a street-an honor which, however
brilliant in anticipation, has only been realized in successive crops
of corn, cabbages and other vegetables, which form the staple
productions of the once hopeful county town and embryo city.
The town plot of St. Joseph has never been vacated. Its public
squares, its corner lots and its magnificent "Broadway," one
hundred and twenty-three feet wide, and three-quarters of a mile
long, remain to-day very much as the hand of nature left them,
illustrating, in their solitude, the moral that
"The best laid schemes o' mice an' men
Gang aft agley."
Absolom Holcomb, William M. Hood, Chester Sage and John
Jackson, having been appointed by the General Assembly com-
48
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
missioners to re-locate the county seat, met on the 12th day of
May, 1831, and were of opinion that the public interest required
its removal to South Bend, where they accordingly established it.
February 7th, 1832, Peter Johnson entered into a contract with
the county, to build and enclose a court house, for $3,000. The
building was accepted by the commissioners in September of the
following year. It was not, however, completed until the summer
of 1837. In 1854 it was taken down to make way for the present
beautiful structure which adorns the city of South Bend.
The first probate court was held at the house of Calvin Lilly,
by John Bauker and Chapel W. Brown, associate judges, on the
5th day of January, 1832. The following February James P.
Antrim, the first probate judge, appeared and took his seat.
The duplicate for 1840 shows the tax levy to be $3,038.89. The
population that year was 6,425. In 1866 the levy was $92,136.25,
and the population about 28,000. In the latter year the valuation
of property for taxable purposes was
Real Estate,.
Personal Property,.
Total,...
$4,923,305
2,750,300
$7,673,605
The true valuation of the property of the county would, how-
ever, show an amount more than double the above; probably not
less than $18,000,000. It will, therefore, be seen that the taxes
are but little more than nominal.
In the winter of 1845 a community, suggested, probably, by the
system of economics elaborated by the French philosopher,
Charles Fourier, was established on the "McCartney Farm,"
before mentioned, and about two miles below South Bend. It
was a joint stock company, incorporated by the name of the
"Philadelphia Industrial Association." Its objects were econom-
ical and social. Its operations continued about two years. Hon.
Wm. C. Talcott, of Valparaiso, Indiana, favors us with the
following reminiscences in relation to it:
"I think old Mr. McCartney was the first president, and I was
secretary, during almost its entire existence. It was chiefly
through my influence that the association was formed and
managed. There were, probably, more than a hundred persons,
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
49
* *
*
old and young, connected with us, from first to last; but I should
not think more than about seventy living on the premises at once.
During a part of the time they ate at a common table.
The main cause of their dissolution, I have ever believed, was
that Mr. McCartney violated his promise to invest his whole tract
of land; and after we were fully organized and on the ground
ready to receive the title and use the land, he withheld all of the
valuable and available portion, and turned us off with the broken,
marshy land, lying between the road and the river, at twenty
dollars per acre, the appraised price of the entire tract."
The cause of the failure, "in a nut shell," was probably this:
McCartney, with his natural shrewdness, if that is the proper
term, encouraged and co-operated with the association for the
purpose of getting his land cleared up and improved for nothing.
He succeeded, but the association did not.
The early history of St. Joseph county was, according to the
relation of the old settlers who now survive, checkered by those
vicissitudes common to the settlement of all new countries.
There was little capital and less conveniences. Roads were few
and far between. Schools, churches and other appliances and
promoters of civilization were rare, yet highly prized and eagerly
sought. Fevers of untold types and multifarious phases swelled
the aggregate of miseries and brought many a robust settler to
an early grave. Indians and doctors were almost equally
abundant; and even lawyers, not in pairs, but in packs, came
poking their angular faces into the most promising settlements of
this incipient Eden. Speculators swarmed in land offices, made
paper towns, "played out," and left wiser and poorer if not better
than they came. To illustrate something of this we give a brief
outline of the adventures and misadventures of one or two of the
early settlers of this county. The pictures, with slight variation,
will find a counterpart in every section of the country.
Abraham R. Harper left his old home in Myerstown, Lebanon
county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1835, to seek a location in the
new country. He took the stage for Pittsburgh, and from there,
on the new steamer Pocahontas, went to Natchez. Bound for
Natchetoches, he remained at the mouth of Red river, waiting for
a boat, six days. The hotel he staid at was fifteen by twenty feet,
and set on blocks six feet high to keep it out of the water. About
50
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
fifteen Indians were in the attic and some five hundred negroes
outside, all waiting to go up the river. Here, for the first time he
saw the beauties of the "peculiar institution," and took his first
degree in anti-slavery doctrine. He landed at Natchetoches
Sunday afternoon, and saw about five hundred gamblers hard at
work at their usual vocation. There he staid a week, in which
time two men were murdered and many more robbed. He then
went, via New Orleans, to St. Louis, thence to Pittsburgh, and
again over the mountains by stage, arriving at home about the
middle of January, 1836. He started a second time, about the
first of April, in company with some fifteen other voyagers, by
stage to Pittsburgh. Thence, by steamer, the party went to
St. Louis. All took deck passage, and some being short of money
helped wood to pay part of their expenses. From St. Louis they
came by steamer to Beardstown, and thence walked to Peoria,
from which latter place Mr. Harper came, via Chicago, by stage
to South Bend, where he arrived about the first of May. Here he
decided to settle, and immediately ordered $10,000 worth of goods
from Philadelphia. The goods were shipped on board the barge
Detroit from Buffalo, the first of June, and this was the last he
heard from them until the last of September. Going in pursuit of
his goods, Mr. Harper stopped a few days at Michigan City, and
then walked to Chicago, on the beach of the lake. Just as he
arrived at Chicago his goods came in, and in six days he got them
shipped on the schooner Sea Serpent and sailed for Michigan City.
Before he had been out two hours a terrible storm came on, and
the vessel made for St. Joseph, where it finally arrived in safety.
In two days thereafter they made sail again for Michigan City,
where they soon arrived, the weather being fine; but in half an
hour after landing, another storm commenced, and drove all the
vessels in that port ashore. In the morning he found the vessel
containing his goods beached and all the crew gone. He took
charge of the craft himself, and got out all his dry goods. That
night another storm drove the vessel into the mouth of Trail
creek, and all the groceries were lost. He had the damages
assessed, and commenced drying the goods on the sand hills. By
the time that labor was completed, another shipment of about the
value of $10,000 arrived, and he sent the whole, by teams, to
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
51
South Bend, where he commenced business about the first of
November, 1836, five months after his first shipment from Buffalo.
On the morning of July 4th, 1836, while waiting for his goods,
Mr. H. started on foot for Lafayette. By three o'clock he was at
Judge Polk's house on the Tippecanoe river. Next morning he
took breakfast at Logansport, and beat the stage into Lafayette.
He was on a business tour, taking orders for goods, and this is a
specimen of "drumming" in those days. Some things have
changed since then.
The reign of wild cat money was in 1836-7. The " 'sickly
season” was 1838. The crops failed in 1839, and in 1840 was the
great panic, at which time Harper, Smith & Co. had over $40,000
standing out, which was probably more than twice as much as all
the money in the county. Mr. H. moved back to Pennsylvania
some twelve years ago.
John H. Harper left Hanover, Lebanon county, Pa., on the first
day of May, 1837, and, traveling with his own conveyance, arrived
at South Bend in twenty-three days. The journey can now be
made in twenty-four hours. He was one of the fourth generation
of the same name who had lived on the same place, known as
Harper's Place," for one hundred and forty years. He was one
of the firm of Harper, Smith & Co., and was intimately connected
with many of the early improvements of the county. He has been
much in public life, and still resides at South Bend, an honored
citizen and a genial gentleman.
(6
Such was life in those days, and such are some of the incidents
of the past generation, in St. Joseph county. We have undertaken
to present only gleanings-"here a little, and there a little❞—a mere
skeleton of what ought to be written. Some may gain a few
moment's satisfaction from the perusal others may skip it if they
please.
MISHAWAKA.—In July, 1833, A. M. Hurd laid out and platted
the village of "St. Joseph Iron Works," about four miles above
South Bend, on the south bank of the St. Joseph river. On the
first day of January, 1835, an election was held, and the following
village trustees were elected, viz.: James White, John J. Deming,
Samuel Stancliff, Henry DeCamp and Alexander Sanderlands.
This was the first village organization in the county.
52
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
In June, 1836, Joseph Bartell, James R. Lawrence and Grove
Lawrence laid out the town of "Indiana City," situated on the
north side of the river, opposite St. Joseph Iron Works. The
plat of this town shows a race of extraordinary length, but, like a
line in mathematics, it had length without breadth or thickness-
it was never excavated. At what time or under what circum-
stances these two towns became incorporated under the present
name of Mishawaka, is a matter upon which "commentators do
not agree." The fact is, however, undisputed that all the territory
embraced in them, and much more, is now comprised within the
beautiful town of Mishawaka. Mr. Merrifield, in his excellent
reminiscences, published several years ago, says that "Mr.
Terrington, the intelligent clerk of Mr. Hurd, had sufficient taste
to appreciate the superior beauty and adaptation of the Indian
name; and when, the next year, an effort was made to get a post
office established here, it was at his suggestion that it was called
Mishawaka. By an amendment of the act of incorporation, this
afterwards became the legal name of the town." This may account
for the change of name of St. Joseph Iron Works, but how came
Indiana City combined with it?
The Indian word Mishawaka is said to signify "swift water;"
but by some it is said to mean "thick-woods rapids." Either
interpretation would be descriptive of the location.
The town is situated on both banks of the St. Joseph, within
about a mile of the most southern point of that river. The site is
one of very great natural beauty, and art and taste have added
largely to its original loveliness. On the south side there is a
gentle upward slope from the river bank, far off beyond the limits
of the town. Here, embowered beneath a profusion of natural
and cultivated trees, shrubbery and flowers, is built the main
portion of Mishawaka. On the opposite side the banks are more
precipitous, forming a high table of land, seemingly designed by
nature for its present uses.
In 1833, A. M. Hurd commenced building a blast furnace, which
was completed and put in successful operation the following year.
The population at the end of 1833 was about one hundred. There
was no ferry, but there was an excellent ford near where the dam
is now located.
On the 22d day of January, 1835 the "St. Joseph Iron Com-
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
53
pany was incorporated, and immediately began building a dam
across the river, which was completed in the summer of 1836.
This was the first dam ever built across the St. Joseph, and it
stands to-day as solid and firm as at the moment of its completion,
a monument to the sagacity and ability of its builders. A. M.
Hurd, John J. Deming and John H. Orr were the corporators and
active men in this company. Judge Deming was born in Vermont,
had been a school teacher, possessed a good, cultivated and
refined intellect, and contributed largely to the social advance-
ment of the town. He died several years ago in California. Mr.
Orr was an Englishman, educated and capable, and just such a
man as any place ought to be proud of. He now lives in Cleve-
land, Ohio. Mr. Hurd was originally from New York, lived some
time at Detroit, and was an excellent business man and a good
citizen. He still survives. The St. Joseph Iron Company con-
tinued to operate their blast furnaces until 1856, when the supply
of ore failed. They also established a foundry, and put in opera-
tion other machinery, which has been of incalculable benefit to the
place. They still own a large share of the hydraulic power, and
are also engaged in trading and manufacturing on a very liberal
scale. It is now controlled by John Niles, Esq., his son Henry
G. Niles, Oliver T. Niles, and Allan Sisson.
The hydraulic power at this place is unsurpassed at any point
on the river, and the facilities for erecting mills are most excellent.
The town is situated upon the Michigan Southern and Northern
Indiana Railroad, and is easily accessible from east or west. The
Peninsular road, from Port Huron to Chicago, will soon pass
through the town. The surrounding country is one of extraordi-
nary fertility, and the healthfulness of the place is undisputed.
The St. Joseph Iron Company have still a large amount of power
to dispose of at reasonable rates and on easy terms.
In early times there was great rivalry between Mishawaka and
South Bend. They were less than four miles apart, and the
advantages which they offered differed very slightly, except that
the latter had the honor of being the county seat. The bitterness
of those days has, however, subsided, and it is now seen that the
interests of the two places are identical. Before many years the
thriving borders of the two towns will meet, and it is not at all
improbable that, in the course of time, they will be joined in one
54
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
municipality. Already a street railroad is contemplated between
the two places.
Not only was the first dam across the St. Joseph built at Misha-
waka, but, if we except the territorial ones at Mottville and
Bertrand, the first bridge, also. As early as 1837 the enterprising
citizens, by subscription, erected a substantial structure across the
river, which has since given way to the present one. Many years
ago the steamboat Diamond was wrecked by running against a
pier of this bridge, and one life was lost. Perhaps the cylinder of
the engine of this boat was the one made classic by Hon. H. H.
Riley, in his Puddleford Papers. At the close of 1837 the popu-
lation had reached about one thousand.
In 1839 the first flouring mill was erected, with two runs of
stones. In 1842 there were six runs of stones in operation, with a
daily capacity of two hundred barrels of flour. Now there are
three mills with fourteen runs of stone, and a daily capacity of
over five hundred barrels of flour. They are as follows:
Mishawaka Mills,... ...A. B. Judson & Co.....5 runs of stones.
Ripple Mills,.
St. Joseph Mills,.
.A. Cass & Co....
.Kuhn & Brother.
.5
(C
660
4 ("
The quality of flour made at these mills is most excellent, stand-
ing at all times at the very top of the market. In 1865, 30,436
barrels of flour were shipped east by railroad from Mishawaka.
A very large quantity also went west.
The freight received and forwarded at and from Mishawaka, for
the year ending February 28, 1867, by railroad, was as follows:
Received,..
Forwarded,.
7,318,502 lbs; Revenue,
10,518,459
No. passengers leaving 6,944
Total earnings for the year
((
$15,675.57
23,587.22
8,159.45
$47,422.24
The excess of outgoing over incoming freight is a circumstance
which indicates a healthy industrial condition.
The river at Mishawaka is about one hundred yards wide, and
the fall over the dam is eight feet. The natural fall at these
rapids, in a distance of but a few rods, has been ascertained by
actual measurement to be two feet and nine inches. The race on
the south side is about four hundred yards in length; and the one
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
55
on the north side over two hundred yards. On either side there
is opportunity for an almost indefinite extension and there is at
all times, an abundance of water for all conceivable purposes.
Indeed, but a very small portion of this valuable power has, as
yet, been appropriated. The manufactories are, however, gradu-
ally and successfully increasing. There are now in operation
three flouring mills, two saw mills, four wagon factories, four
furniture factories, one agricultural implement factory, two ax and
edge tool factories, one woolen factory, five barrel factories, one
basket factory, and one sash, blind and door factory. The mam-
moth wagon factory of Messrs. Geo. Milburn & Co., is worthy of
particular notice. The products of this establishment are sold all
the way from lake Erie to the Rio Grande. It gives employment
to about one hundred hands, and the value of wagons, carriages,
etc., turned out is nearly $150,000 per annum. Judson, Montgom-
ery & Co. have here the largest furniture factory in the State of
Indiana. The main building is forty by one hundred and eighty
feet and three stories high. They have besides three large ware-
houses. At present they give employment to seventy hands, and
will soon increase the number to over one hundred. They use
over a million and a half feet of lumber in a year and have con-
stantly on hand and seasoning about two million feet. Last year
they made over sixteen thousand bedsteads, and this is only one
item. Messrs. Martin, and Bless, Kena & Co. have large furni-
ture establishments and are doing a thriving and increasing
business. The St. Joseph Iron Company has long stood among
the foremost manufactories of the West in the line of agricultural
implements. Its annual products amount in value to about
$150,000.
The value of manufactured products for the past year, is esti-
mated as follows:
Flouring Mills, shipped and custom work
Wagons and Carriages.
Furniture...
Saw Mills.....
·
Sash, Doors and Blinds
Agricultural Implements..
Axes and Edge Tools ..
Barrels
Miscellaneous
Total
$500,000
200,000
240,000
25,000
25,000
150,000
30,000
20,000
120,000
·
$1,310,000
56
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
The population of the town was in 1860, according to the
census returns, 1,486. Careful and competent judges estimate it
at the present time at 3,000 at least.
There has been more interest taken in public schools here than
in any other part of the county, and with good success. The
first school house was built in 1834, and Miss Sheldon of White
Pigeon, was the first teacher. There is now, however, great need
of an educational institution of a high order, a need which can,
perhaps, be best supplied by improved, if not perfected public
schools. The enterprising and progressive people of Mishawaka
are not the ones to suffer long a want which can be supplied, and
it may be safely predicted that all requisite intellectual advantages
will soon be afforded.
In 1841, Wilbur F. Storey issued the Mishawaka Tocsin, the
the first newspaper published here. It was edited and published
by himself. Mr. Storey has since made his mark in the world as
a journalist. He was for several years at the head of the Detroit
Free Press, and has been for a long time, and now is, the able
conductor of the Chicago Times. At the end of the first year the
Tocsin was purchased by George Merrifield, who continued it
until 1845, when it was sold to Thomas Jernigan, and removed to
South Bend.
In 1846, S. P. Hart started the Mishawaka Bee, which, after
being published about two years, was discontinued.
The Free Press was issued by D. C. Ireland, in 1853, and
continued by him for two years, when he sold out to L. A. Elliot.
Mr. Ireland now resides in Oregon City, and is editor of a paper
there. Mr. Elliot is dead. Mr. Elliot changed the name to
Mishawaka Enterprise, and, after publishing it for nearly two
years, sold it to Mr. Archibald Beal, who is at present one of the
editors of the St. Joseph Valley Register at South Bend. In 1865,
the Enterprise passed into the hands of N. V. Brower, by whom
it is now successfully and ably conducted.
There was, several years ago, published by P. T. Russell, for a
short time a religious paper called the Investigator. It advocated
the peculiar views of the Christian denomination.
SOUTH BEND.-The city of South Bend is situated on both
banks of the river, in Portage township, near a point where the
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
57
St. Joseph suddenly turns from a nearly west course and stretches
away with a rapid current, northward, into the State of Michigan.
The site of the city is extremely picturesque and beautiful. On
the west bank of the river an abrupt bluff rises to the height of
some forty feet, thence, for a distance varying from one-fourth to
three-quarters of a mile, extends a beautiful table of gravelly
land, eminently fitted for purposes of building.
Then ensues
another elevation, of some ten or twelve feet, with a succession of
fine, dry and eligible building ground. This is the old town of
South Bend. The location is elevated and commanding, and the
character of the soil and the excellent facilities for perfect drain-
age, are a perpetual guarantee of healthy and attractive places of
residence, and dry, hard and durable thoroughfares for locomo-
tion. The rich, sandy loam, of which the soil is composed, forms
abundant nutriment for the healthy and rapid growth of
innumerable shade and ornamental trees, indigenous to the locality,
among which may be mentioned the sugar and silver maple, the
elm, the sycamore, the walnut, and the oak; while gardens are
filled with thrifty apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry and quince
trees, and an abundance of the smaller fruits. The streets are
wide and regular, crossing each other at right angles, and at
convenient intervals. The grades are uniform, with a sufficient
fall toward the river to secure perfect drainage and afford a never-
failing auxiliary to the natural healthfulness of the place. The
business houses are capacious and convenient, while many of
them, by their imposing appearance, impart a metropolitan air to
the city. The private residences, many of which are of brick,
are generally neat and tasteful, and frequently illustrate some of
the most modern and artistic achievements in architecture.
On the east side a wide and rich bottom stretches away from
the margin of the river, with a gentle aclivity, until it is lost in
the romantic hillsides bordering upon the domain of Notre Dame
du Lac. This, until recently, was the village of Lowell. It is
now a part of the city. Through the bottom, and sufficiently
elevated to be secure from inundations, runs a capacious race,
affording a large number of excellent mill sites and abundant
hydraulic power. Here are also many fine business localities and
desirable lots for private dwellings. The time cannot be far
5
58
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
distant when this now sparsely settled delta will be the industrial
center, not only of the city, but of Northern Indiana.
Nature has here been lavish of those advantages which only
require the developing hand of human enterprise to yield rich and
sure returns. Here the whole machinery of Lowell or Lawrence
might be driven without intermission, and still there would be
power left for new comers and new enterprises-not among the
rugged hills and rocky mountains of New England, where the
chief "agricultural productions are school houses and men, but
in the very lap of luxuriance and plenty, and at the doorway of
the capacious market of the great West.
99
But, from the very general description thus given, the man of
business can gather very little which will be practically import-
ant to him. For all purposes of an ordinary county seat or post
town it might suffice; but South Bend claims to be something
more to be at least the vigorous and promising beginning of a
large and important manufacturing and business city-not only
the trading center of a rich and fast developing county, but a
point of unusual facilities in the direct channel of a never-ceasing
stream of immigration. We, therefore, leave "glittering gene-
ralities" and proceed to the consideration of particulars.
The first white settlement at South Bend was made by Alexis
Coquillard, in the spring of 1824. This was also the first in the
county. Mr. Coquillard was an Indian trader and agent for the
North American Fur Company, then actively managed by John
Jacob Astor. He was a Frenchman, born in Montreal, which
place he left at an early age, and spent most of his active life
among the Indians. He was a man of powerful frame, active
temperament and genial disposition. As a business man he was
enterprising, energetic and generally successful. His relation of
the early events in this country was graphic and exceedingly
interesting. He was a great favorite with the Indians, who once
elected him a chief, and over whom he had an extraordinary
influence. He was accidentally killed by a fall, in January, 1855,
at the age of about sixty.
Lathrop M. Taylor settled here in September, 1827. He was
also an Indian trader, and agent for the firm of Samuel Hanna
& Co., of Fort Wayne. He was the first clerk of the county, has,
for forty years, mixed actively in all the events that make an
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
59
interesting history, and still survives, hale and hearty, to relate
his varied experiences. In the same year several settlers came in
who are yet living, among whom was Samuel L. Cotterell, the first
sheriff.
The town was laid out and platted the 28th of March, 1831, by
Coquillard and Taylor. The first charter election was held
October 3d, 1835, at which time William P. Howe, Horatio
Chapin, Peter Johnson, John Massey and James A. Mann were
elected trustees. The village organization was abandoned in
1837, but in 1845, when the small pox was so prevalent that
unusual sanitary precautions and police regulations became
imperative, it was revived. In May, 1865, an organization under
a city charter was effected, by the election of William G. George,
Esq., as Mayor, and Wm. Miller, John Klingle, first ward; Thos.
S. Stanfield, Hon. William Miller, second ward; Israel Sweet and
John Gallagher, third ward, councilmen. Since then the village
of Lowell has been incorporated with the city, and forms the
fourth ward.
The population of South Bend, including the late village of
Lowell, was, in 1840, according to the census of that year, 728;
in 1850, it was 1,653; and in 1860 it had reached 3,832. A recent
publication recklessly and foolishly puts the present number at
9,750, which is about 2,000 too much. A liberal and fair estimate
results in about 7,750, which is probably within bounds and not
far from exact. At the present rate of increase, and with the
unusual inducements for men of capital, business or leisure to
settle here, it is quite safe to say that the census of 1870 will
show a population of over 10,000.
In 1842 the South Bend Manufacturing Company was chartered,
and in the following year the company built a substantial dam
across the St. Joseph river, which affords an abundant and
almost exhaustless hydraulic power, and which has contributed
largely toward the permanent prosperity of the place.
The first determined effort at utilizing the great water power
afforded by the St. Joseph, at South Bend, was made by Joseph
Fellows, Garrett V. Dennison, Thomas W. Alcott, James
McKown, William J. Worth, and John Van Buren, all of the
State of New York. Most of these men will be recognized as
having figured largely in public life; Judge McKown, General
60
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
Worth and John Van Buren, especially, have since been widely
known. They purchased the land in 1835. In 1837 they laid out
a town opposite South Bend, which was called Dennison. It was
afterwards called Lowell, and now forms part of the city of South
Bend, as before observed. They commenced digging a race, and
had a large amount of timber in readiness for building head gates,
locks, &c., when the scheme suddenly collapsed, and the project
was abandoned. Alexis Coquillard afterwards came into posses-
sion of the premises, and he made large improvements on the
race. It is now owned by the South Bend Hydraulic Company,
a corporation with a capital of $100,000, composed of live men
who are now engaged in enlarging the capacity of the power and
perfecting it for an almost unlimited use. This company has a
right to the use of one-half the water flowing in the river, which
is equivalent, at a very moderate estimate, to a sixty-horse power
for one hundred water wheels. They have a race five hundred
yards in length, and it is now in process of improvement. When
completed it will be one thousand yards long, one hundred feet
wide, and seven feet deep. The fall of the river, over the dam, is
eight feet on the west side and nine feet on the east side. The
fall from the head to the mouth of the race is twenty-eight inches.
Such a hydraulic power in New England would ensure the build-
ing of a city of fifty thousand inhabitants in two years. It would
set the capitalists of Boston half crazy in an hour; and agitate
the "hub of creation" to the extremity of every spoke. But
when it is considered that here this power is, in reality and for
every practical purpose, worth one hundred per cent. more than it
would be if located in any part of New England, who can
compute its value? But when we go further and state the fact,
which exists to-day, that this is but one-half of the power now in
perpetual motion at South Bend, and the additional one that for a
distance of more than one hundred and fifty miles, the St. Joseph
is competent to duplicate the whole of it every five miles, the
senses are astounded, and every attempt at computation becomes
not only futile but farcical. It requires no effort of the imagina-
tion, but only the exercise of those more sober and reflective
faculties which enter into the mental composition of the success-
ful business man, to see that the time is approaching-that it is
now almost here-when this valley must and will be an industrial
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
61
bee hive, unsurpassed on the continent of America. The South
Bend Hydraulic Company are now prepared to lease or sell, on
the most favorable terms, a large portion of this power to persons
desirous of availing themselves of its great advantages. On
another page of this work will be found their views and proposals
in detail.
One-half of this immense power is owned by the South Bend
Manufacturing Company, alluded to above. Their race extends
over one thousand feet, on the west side of the river, and every
water lot upon it, but two or three, is already occupied. Right
there, under the hill, in those unpretending mills and factories, lie
the main-springs of the prosperity of this infant city. Wars may
come, the elements may be unpropitious, crops may fail-no
matter! The prosperity of the city is not retarded. The hum of
industry goes on. Labor reaps its full reward; capital is safely
employed and richly remunerated, and wealth, with all its comforts
and blessings, pours in, in an uninterrupted stream.
An idea of the general business of the city may be gathered,
to some extent, by inspecting the advertisements contained in
this book. It may be noticed, however, that all the business
firms are not represented. There are three classes which do not
advertise: 1st, the oldest settlers, who are generally well known
and already rich; 2d, those so poor that they cannot pay for an
advertisement; 3d, those who have too little enterprise and who
are, withal, too mean to pay for a little publicity.
Something of the magnitude of the manufacturing interests
here is represented in the facts and figures following: There are
in operation three flouring mills; four wagon and carriage
factories; three furniture factories; three saw mills; two sash,
blind and door factories; one pump factory; one chair factory;
two tanneries; one mattress factory; one woolen factory; six
barrel factories; one clover thresher factory; one seed drill
factory, and one agricultural implement factory.
The following table shows the value of the products of these
different branches of industry for the year 1866;

62
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
Flouring Mills (shipping and custom work)
Wagons and Carriages,..
Furniture,
Saw Mills,.
Sashes, blinds and doors,
Agricultural Implements,.
Hubs, spokes and felloes,.
Pumps,
Chairs,
Tanneries,
Mattress and Woolen goods,.
Barrels,.
Clover Threshers,.
Clothing, Boots and Shoes, &c.,.
$600,000
310,000
•
220,000
25,000
55,000
205,000
45,000
10,000
35,000
50,000
55,000
25,000
75,000
200,000
$1,910,000
All branches of manufacture are in a healthy condition. The
demand for all articles produced more than equals the supply.
Sales are easily made, and with little outlay for commissions.
Wages are liberal and promptly paid. Living is cheap, and
operatives, as well as employers, are thriving and independent.
The report of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana
Railroad Company, for the year ending February 28th, 1867, gives
the amount of freight received and forwarded at this point, with
the revenue derived therefrom, as follows:
Freight received,..... 13,320,269 lbs; Revenue,
Freight forwarded,.... 13,346,972 "
Total,....... 26,667,241
""
$29,769.53
28,635.64
$58,405.17
The singular uniformity in the amount of incoming and outgoing
freight, and the revenue derived therefrom, will be noticed.
The revenue derived from passengers leaving South Bend, by
this road, for the year, is $34,100.57, being exceeded in amount by
only each of four stations on the whole line, viz.: Chicago,
Toledo, Detroit and Adrian, all termini of roads.
It may not already have escaped the notice of the intelligent
reader that if, in the course of time, the whole hydraulic power of
the St. Joseph at South Bend should be exhausted, in driving the
machinery which enterprise, capital and labor will set in motion,
a very large additional power is easily available from the
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
63
Kankakee river. A comparatively small outlay of means would
bring from that source a current of water which, with the great
fall of between forty and fifty feet, would move a large amount of
machinery. The feasibility of such an enterprise was tested and
proved by Mr. Coquillard, at an early day, as elsewhere stated.
The time is approaching when the city will require a supply of
pure water over and beyond that now obtained from wells. The
Kankakee lake is at hand, with its abundant stores, which, at a
moderate expense, can be made to flow into every household; or,
if thought preferable, water can be forced from the St. Joseph to
an elevated distributing reservoir. The city, with commendable
forecast, has already secured water power sufficient for such an
emergency, which will be used at an early day.
South Bend was a railroad station long before the Northern
Indiana road was seriously thought of. The road which ran
through it was called, in a metaphorical way, "the underground
railroad;" not because it was a sort of miraculous tunnel beneath
the soil, but on account of the fact that although the trains were
known to be frequent, very few persons ever saw them. The
enterprising managers were singularly nocturnal in their habits,
and a large proportion of the passengers appeared to have been
born under the rule of the "ebon throne." It was liberally
patronized, but the dividends to stockholders were "few and far
between." It is said, however, that a large amount is placed to
their credit in a divinely chartered savings bank, where moth
doth not corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and
steal. Its operations were carried on, it must be confessed, in
opposition to law-that is to say, the fugitive slave law; and, if
slavery should turn out, after all, to have been a divine institution,
as many contend it will, then it must be conceded that it defied
“God, man and the devil." At any rate, its business was large,
if not profitable; and, although the dividends were small, the
assessments were sometimes frightfully large. One fine morning
the booming of cannon was heard in Charleston harbor in South
Carolina; and at the same moment this railroad vanished, like the
gossamer web of the fairies at the crowing of the cock. As
Byron died, according to the pious Pollock, because there was no
more to drink, so this extraordinary institution became defunct on
account of the sudden falling off of that peculiar traffic which
64
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
gave
it vitality. South Bend has, however, had her experiences
in the business; whether they were sweet or bitter is a question
which may be safely left to the determination of individual tastes.
As a matter of history, something of these experiences should be
here chronicled.
John Norris, of Boone county, Kentucky, claimed to be the
owner of David Powell, his wife and four children, all of African
descent, but not then exactly our fellow-citizens. These persons
had been passengers on the "underground railroad," and had
located in Cass county, Michigan. After searching Southern
Indiana for about two months, Norris, in the middle of a September
night, in 1849, with a party of eight men, forcibly broke into
Powell's house, and, drawing pistols and knives, compelled the
wife and three children to follow him. Hurrying them off, bound
with cords, they placed them in covered wagons and started for
Kentucky. Alarm was soon given and pursuit commenced. They
were overtaken at South Bend, about thirty miles from where they
started. A writ of habeas corpus was sued out, and the parties
were discharged by Hon. Elisha Egbert, probate judge. "Norris,
in the meantime, had gathered his men around the captives, and
the moment the decision was announced they seized the captives
with one hand, brandished their weapons with the other, threaten-
ing to shoot the first man that interfered. This was while the
judge was on the bench, and before any adjournment had been
announced. Everything had been perfectly quiet up to this
moment, but upon this display of force, the people rose to their
feet highly excited. *
Mr. Liston, one of the counsel,
jumped upon a table, and called upon the Kentuckians to shoot
all who interfered, and they would be justified in so doing. His
language was most violent and abusive toward the citizens, and
did much to fan the excitement." Suffice it to say that the
captives were never returned to slavery; but a law suit was
commenced between Norris and Leander B. Newton, George W.
Horton, Edwin B. Crocker, Solomon W. Palmer, David Jodon,
William Wilmington, Lot Day, Jr., and Amable M. Lapiere,
citizens of South Bend, to recover the value of the negroes and
other damages. It was vigorously fought, but Norris beat, and
some of the defendants were rendered homeless and penniless by
the sale of their property. Mr. Norris has probably had other
* *
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
65
experiences in the slave line since then, quite as exciting, but
perhaps less profitable. He and his ruffianly attendants succeeded
in making South Bend classic ground, and in arousing in Northern
Indiana a spirit which he, or some of his, may possibly have since
met in the "sunny South" amid the gleam of bayonets and other
things of that sort.
There are several public buildings in the city worthy of partic-
ular remark. The court house is a fine structure of cut Athens
stone, with a front ornamented with seven Corinthian columns.
It was built in 1854, at an expense of $35,000. The jail was
erected in 1860. It is a model building for the purpose it is
intended to subserve; indeed, exteriorly it is the handsomest
building in the county. It cost about $35,000. The new post
office, built in 1865, is a tasteful and well arranged structure.
There are five public school houses, four of which are of brick,
and are intended for ward schools. A large and elegant Union
school house is contemplated and will soon be built. Neither city
nor county owes any debt occasioned by the construction of
these buildings.
The first church in the city, and in the county also, was erected
by the Methodist, in 1832, on Michigan street, between Lafayette
and Jefferson streets. Samuel Good and Adanijah Rambo were
the builders. It was never used as a church, the workmanship
and materials being so poor that the trustees refused to receive
it. Thus an effort to cheat the Lord was defeated and two enter-
prising gentlemen disgusted. It is still in existence and is occu-
pied as a barn, near the south-east corner of Michigan and Wayne
streets. In 1835 the Methodists were successful in building a
church on the west side of Main street, north of Market street,
which was occupied for many years. There are now nine
churches, including the chapel on the east side. They are, the
Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Dutch Reformed, two Catholic,
German Lutheran, Universalist, United Brethren and Christian
Disciples. The Church of the Sacred Heart, of Notre Dame,
although outside the city limits, is easy of access and largely
attended by persons living in South Bend. This church has a
chime of twenty-four bells, cast in France, and ranging in tone
two octaves, from G to G. The largest bell was spoiled by a
crack, some years ago, and another has been recently received from
66
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
France to replace it. This bell weighs over fourteen thousand
pounds. There is only one larger bell in the United States, and
but two upon the continent. It is claimed that this bell, when in
place, can be heard for a distance of twenty miles.
The first bank at South Bend was established in 1838. It was
a branch of the Indiana State Bank, and had a capital of $102,000.
When the charter expired, in 1856, and the Bank of the State of
Indiana was incorporated, a branch was organized here with a
capital of $100,000, afterwards increased to $150,000, which con-
tinued until the First National Bank, with a capital of the latter
amount, took its place. In addition, there is now in operation the
St. Joseph County Bank, which is not a corporation. Under the late
free banking law of the State, the Bank of South Bend was
located here by some eastern capitalists. It was little more than
a redemption office, but was one of the few of its class that never
suspended.
The property of the city is valued for taxation at $2,522,977.
This is less than one-half its actual value, which may be safely put
at $6,000,000. The levy for 1867 is only about sixty cents on the
hundred dollars, a fact hardly to be credited by the over taxed citi-
zens of New York, Chicago, and other large cities. Perhaps when
South Bend is rejoicing in her hundred thousand inhabitants, some
victim of municipal rapacity in that "good time coming," may
point back to this item as evidence of the unsophisticated inno-
cence of primitive councilmen.
It is difficult to particularise the business interests of South Bend;
yet it is proper to do so to some extent. The Messrs. Studebaker
Bro's have established a business in the last dozen years which is
really an "institution" of the city. Their carriages, buggies,
wagons, sleighs, and all other articles in their line, are known
throughout the West and Southwest. From a small beginning,
these persistent workers have reached an enviable position.
More than one hundred and thirty men are constantly employed
by them, and they annually produce nearly a quarter of a million
dollars worth of manufactured articles. A. Coquillard & Co. are
engaged in the same branch of industry, and on a very large scale.
Jacob Strayer & Co. are turning out large numbers of their cele-
brated seed drills. It is said that any farmer who has thirty acres of
wheat to sow can pay for the drill by the increase in the crop for
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
67
one year by using one of them. Liphart & Co. take the lead in
furniture; and Lantz Bros. & Co. have no successful competitors
in the manufacture and sale of clothing. The superior quality of
the flour made by the mills here is well known to the trade and to
consumers. In fact, the large manufacturing interest of South
Bend is in a healthy condition and is conducted by earnest, com-
petent and every way reliable men. Nothing is overdone and
there is plenty of room for additional industry and capital. A
paper mill, a cotton and woolen factory, all on a large scale, are
much needed and would receive co-operation and assistance from
the foremost citizens of the place. Indeed, almost any branch of
business that requires a good water power, cheap living and a
constant market, would thrive here. To all other inducements
South Bend adds a quiet, moral, healthy and in all respects desire-
able place of residence. Property is low compared with other
places of equal facilities, and a generous welcome awaits all new
comers.
No other city in the State presents so varied and excellent
facilities for the training and education of youth, of both sexes,
as South Bend; and probably these facilities are not excelled in
any part of the continent. As early as 1832, when the chief part
of the inhabitants of the valley were the red men of the forest-
the Miamis and the Pottawatomies-the Rev. Stephen T. Badin
visited the spot now known as Notre Dame, and, with an eye
schooled to the appreciation of the beautiful in nature, became
impressed with the loveliness of the situation. The gently undu-
lating surface, the groves of magnificent oaks and other trees of
the forest, the natural fertility of the soil, the abundant growth
of native grasses, the profusion of wild flowers, the crystal lakes,
and generally all that could contribute to the composition of a
scene of rural beauty and almost absolute enchantment, attracted
the attention of Father Badin and became a prophecy, in his
mind, of future advantages and pious uses. He, therefore, lost no
time in becoming the owner of a magnificent domain, of some
eleven hundred acres, and, with a zealous devotion to the Catholic
Church, resolved to dedicate it to the education of youth. With
him to resolve was to execute. He placed the title in the hands
of the ruling authorities of the Church, and in a few years it was
transferred to the "right man in the right place," the Very Rev.
68
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
E. Sorin, priest of the congregation of the Holy Cross, who, with
a few brothers of the same order, had then recently come to
America from France. In 1842, Father Sorin, (with his confreres,)
took possession and with that pious determination and indomita-
ble energy which enter largely into the character of this extraor
dinary man, he immediately commenced that system of improve-
ments which has, in less than a quarter of a century, resulted in
placing "Notre Dame du Lac" very far towards the head of the
educational institutions in America.
The "University of Notre Dame" was incorporated by the
Legislature of Indiana, in 1844. It is situated on a table of land
elevated nearly a hundred feet above the St. Joseph river, and
distant from the river and the center of South Bend but a little
over one mile. It is on the banks of two lovely lakes of clear,
cool spring water. On one hand Arcadian groves of native forest
trees, adorned by all the appliances of cultivated art, invite to
their cooling shades and silent retreats; on the other a landscape
of sylvan beauty, rarely surpassed, stretches as far as the eye can
reach. The college is of most liberal proportions, and of that
subdued, though tasteful style of architecture, eminently fitted for
its uses. An air of quietude and neatness pervades every part,
not only of the college but of the whole domain. It is conducted
by the Fathers of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, assisted
by a number of competent lay professors in the various branches
of study. The whole is very ably presided over by the Rev. W.
Corby, Father Superior. These educators, with a profound
appreciation of the keynotes of the human mind, have success-
fully elaborated and, with admirable tact and ability, now conduct
an institution which is not only valuable but attractive. Here is
no rude coercion, no fear of punishment, no abnegation of individ
ualism, but all are kept within the line of duty by a noble sense
of honor and justice. A healthy emulation is excited by various
devices which appeal to the higher and nobler faculties of the
youthful mind.
The University has recently, in addition to the land above
spoken of, purchased a tract of about thirteen hundred acres in
Harris township, and they also own a fine peat bed on the Kan-
kakee, which they have commenced working. A trial of this peat
shows it to be superior in every respect, as fuel, to the best wood.
70
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
to pursue their studies will find competent and experienced teach-
ers in every department. Study rooms, recitation rooms, society
rooms, a library and reading room, maps and apparatus for illus-
trating the principles of natural science. The boarding hall is
under the superintendence of Rev. James Johnson and lady, well
and favorably known in this section of country. The school is
under the governmental and educational control of the M. E.
Church, yet is conducted on liberal and unsectarian principles.
The college is now in running order, and needs only an increased
share of public patronage to make it a success.
All denominations of christians and the public generally are
invited to enjoy the facilities here afforded for the education of
their sons and daughters.
The fall session for 1867, opened on the first Wednesday in
September. The President of this Institution is Rev. D. Holmes,
D. D., a gentleman who has few equals and no superiors as an
educator. He is assisted by a competent faculty. The Northern
Indiana College, though young and just emerging from the varied
difficulties incident to new enterprises of the kind, has already
entered upon a sphere of usefulness which will ultimate in most
beneficient results. It has a noble future in prospect, and the day
is coming when the gentlemen who have made large sacrifices in
its foundation will be held in most affectionate remembrance by a
matured generation of intelligent, useful and christian men and
women. It is most heartily commended to the patronage of the
St. Joseph Valley particularly and to Indiana and the whole
country in general.
St. Mary's Academy, under the direction of the sisters of the
Holy Cross, and devoted to the education of females, is pleasantly
situated upon the east bank of the St. Joseph river, not far from
one mile below South Bend. This is exclusively a boarding
school. It has already earned for itself a high reputation and as
a consequence is very liberally patronised, both by Catholics
and Protestants. The buildings are large and well adapted to
the purposes for which they were constructed. Hot and cold
baths attached to the sleeping apartments form a peculiarity
which may well be copied elsewhere. Only one wing of the
edifice, as it is designed to be, has been yet erected. There is
ample accommodation for several hundred pupils. It has just
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
69
Some idea of the magnitude of this educational establishment
may be gathered from the fact that there are annually consumed
there and at St. Mary's Academy, four hundred and fifty beef
cattle, one thousand fat sheep, sixty thousand pounds of pork,
seven thousand bushels of wheat, and other articles in pro-
portion.
The Northern Indiana College is located at South Bend, at the
west end of Washington street, just one mile from the court
house. Its position is easy of access, healthy, and affords a fine
view of the city and surrounding country.
The Northern Indiana College was founded in 1861, by an
association of protestant gentlemen, residing at and in the
vicinity of South Bend. They organized under the act of the
General Assembly, entitled an act for the incorporation of High
Schools, Academies, Colleges, etc.—and the purpose of the associ-
ation is described in the following extract from the records, to wit:
"To establish an Institution of learning, for the education of
both male and female students, in the various branches of the arts
and sciences usually taught in other Colleges." The first board
of trustees was composed of the following named gentlemen, viz:
Schuyler Colfax, William Miller, John H. Harper, John Brown-
field, Ashbury Clark, George F. Layton, Francis R. Tutt, John
W. Chess and Elisha Egbert. Like most institutions of the kind
in our young country, it has had many difficulties to contend with,
principally of a financial character. On this account the edifice
was not fully completed until the fall of 1866, soon after which, it
was consecrated to the sacred cause of science, by appropriate
services, conducted by Rev. Dr. Eddy, of Chicago.
The College building does honor to its projectors, and is an
ornament to the city with which it is connected. It is built of
brick, fifty by ninety feet and four stories high including basement.
The front is ornamented by a central and cylindrical tower, rising
to an altitude of nearly one hundred feet, and connected with
every floor in the building. The interior arrangement is well
adapted to educational purposes, and the whole edifice finished in
a workmanlike manner. Young ladies are accommodated with
pleasant, well ventilated rooms, in the college building, and young
gentlemen may be furnished with board, or room to board them-
selves, in the immediate neighborhood. Students who come here
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
71
entered upon its twelfth year of usefulness. All branches of a
liberal female education are taught, including vocal and instru-
mental music and the modern languages. Its proximity to Notre
Dame, it being less than a mile distant, is a great convenience to
parents having children at both institutions.
St. Joseph Academy is an institution for the education of
females, and is situated in the city of South Bend. It is an
elegant edifice of large proportions, and is under the management
of the sisters of the Holy Cross. This school is intended for the
accommodation of externs, or day scholars, in which it differs
entirely from St. Mary's, where only boarders are taken. It has
been in operation only about two years, but has already won a
large share of public favor.
St. Patrick's Select School is situated in South Bend, contiguous
to the church of the same name. It is a Catholic school, of the
parochial order, and not incorporated. It was organized in 1866,
by the present principal, Rev. P. P. Cooney. It is intended
for boys. This school is in a thriving condition, and enjoys a
substantial patronage.
A Spencerian Commercial College has been for some time in
successful operation at South Bend. It is pleasantly and airily
located on the corner of Main and Washington streets, and is ably
managed by its enterprising conductors, Messrs. Sumption and
Adams. These gentlemen also preside over a select graded school
at the same place, which has thus far proved a success and a blessing.
Mr. Sumption has been for many years actively engaged in the
profession, and as a teacher, has the confidence of all who know
him. He is now the Examiner of the schools of St. Joseph
county.
A good public school is kept up in each ward of the city during
several months of each year.
We had intended to give a brief history of the press of the
valley, but the task proves to be so difficult and the labor so great
that the purpose has been abandoned. We shall, however, under-
take to make a connected statement of the papers hitherto and
presently published in South Bend, as we have already done in
reference to some other places.
The publication of the Northwestern Pioneer was commenced
at South Bend, in October, 1831, by John D. Defrees and his
72
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
brother Joseph H. Defrees. The former of these gentlemen has
since occupied many positions of trust and honor-has been a
member of Congress, and is now the able Superintendent of
Public Printing at Washington. The latter is an esteemed citizen
of Goshen, in Elkhart county. The Pioneer, be it remembered,
was the first newspaper ever published north of Logansport and
west of Detroit. Chicago was then an uninhabited morass, and
all beyond terra incognita. At the end of six months the Pioneer
was changed to the St. Joseph Beacon. In 1833, John D. Defrees
bought his brother's interest and removed the office to White
Pigeon, Michigan, and shortly afterwards sold it to a man by
the name of Gilbert.
The South Bend Free Press was started by William Millikan
about 1836, and was published until 1845, when it was changed to
the St. Joseph Valley Register, and came under the editorial man-
agement of Hon. Schuyler Colfax, the present distinguished
Speaker of the House of Representatives. Mr. Colfax was not
a printer, as many have supposed, but was a very able editor and a
safe business man. In 1854 Mr. Alfred Wheeler became associated
with Mr. Colfax. In 1855 the whole interest passed into the
hands of Mr. Wheeler, who continued the publication up to 1866,
when he sold out to Archibald Beal and C. E. Fuller, the present
publishers. The Register has enjoyed a large circulation for
many years and has occupied a wide field of influence and useful-
ness. Mr. Millikan is now editor of the Fayette County Herald,
published at Washington, Ohio.
In 1844, Thomas Jernigan published the Mishawaka Tocsin,
and removed the office to South Bend, where Jernigan & Harris
resumed its publication under the name of the Indiana Tocsin.
In 1845 the Tocsin was removed to Laporte and was there pub-
lished under another name. Mr. Jernigan now resides in Michigan
City, where he edits a paper and holds a federal office.
In 1848 W. R. Ellis published a paper called the Free Democrat.
It was devoted to the support of the free soil party and of Martin
Van Buren for the presidency. It survived but a few month. Mr.
Ellis now lives in Lafayette, Indiana.
The St. Joseph County Forum was established in 1853, by A. E.
Drapier and his son Wm. H. Drapier. This was the first demo-
cratic paper published in South Bend. The elder Drapier retired
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
73
after a year or two and left the paper in the hands of his son who,
after being connected with it thirteen years to a day, sold the
establishment to an association of democratic gentlemen in 1866.
On the occasion of the change of proprietors the name was
dropped, and it is now published by Mr. E. Molloy as the
National Union. The Forum was for some months, at one time,
issued semi-weekly, but the experiment was not a financial
success.
There is now published a monthly periodical at Notre Dame
called Ave Maria. It is a religious publication, devoted to the
interests of the Catholic Church, and has a wide circulation
among persons of that faith.
NEW CARISLE is a flourishing town, on the Northern Indiana
Railroad, fourteen miles west of South Bend. It is located on an
abrupt elevation of land overlooking Terre Coupee prairie. The
situation is a very desirable and commanding one. The popula-
tion does not vary much from five hundred. At this place the
Methodists have established the Carlisle Collegiate Institute, a
school for the education of both sexes. This Institute has
already taken a high position among the many classical schools of
Northern Indiana. The building is of brick, and is commodious
and convenient, while all its surroundings are beautiful and
inviting. The sexes are educated together, and on a perfect
equality. Its existence, so far, has been marked with great
success, and a brilliant future seems to be within its reach. Isaac
W. McCasky, A. M., is president, and he is assisted by a full corps
of teachers in the various English, classical and ornamental
branches. The place is healthy and retired, yet easy of access;
and students enjoy, in addition to other advantages, the benefit of
quiet, intelligent and refined society.
New Carlisle is not properly in the St. Joseph Valley, but its
interests are so closely associated with South Bend and St. Joseph
county, that we have not felt at liberty to omit mentioning it.
6
BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
This is the extreme southwestern county of the State. It is,
on its northwesterly side, for many miles, washed by the waters
of Lake Michigan. The equable and moderate climate occasioned
by proximity to the lake, and the peculiar quality of the soil,
render a large portion of the county celebrated as a fruit growing
region. Apples, pears and peaches here grow in luscious
perfection, and in large quantities, so that had the county no other
resources it would soon become populous and wealthy from fruit-
growing alone. Peaches, especially, all along the shore of, and
for many miles back from, the lake are produced in great
abundance and of a very superior quality, and the excellent
facilities for transportation afforded by water and railroad to the
great markets east and west, give to this fruit a value which
must always make its culture very profitable. The peach crop
here is never known to fail entirely, as in most other places, but
its quantity seldom has any limit except the ability of the trees to
carry their burthen of fruit. Indeed, so certain is it, that it is not
uncommon for the prospective products of whole orchards to be
contracted for, in the lump, before the appearance of a single
blossom. The quality of this fruit is excellent, and in all accessible
markets it commands the highest price. All kinds of small fruits
are here abundantly and profitably cultivated. But Berrien
county is not alone adapted to fruit-raising; it is also one of the
best sections of Michigan for general agriculture. Wheat, corn
and grass appear to be both protected and stimulated by the
climatic influence of the neighboring lake. The general surface is
rolling, but scarcely ever broken. There are some small prairies,
BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
75
but only a few marshes. The oak openings are extensive, but
forests of pine, oak, walnut, poplar, beech, maple, and other trees,
abound. A large amount of capital is employed in the manu-
facture of lumber for export; and like many other sections of our
country, the land is likely to be soon denuded of its wealth of
lumber. Cupidity and waste have joined hands in this unpardon-
able and irreparable destruction. Under the shadow of private
right this public wrong is safely perpetrated, and no one has
power to prevent or restrain it. The man who now destroys the
most timber, by cutting it into lumber, is said to be the most
enterprising; posterity will, very properly, pronounce him to
have been the greatest nuisance of his day. The wanton, care-
less or useless felling of a tree, ought to be considered a great
crime; and the man who, for mere gain, strips his farm of those
beautiful forests which nature has planted, should be sent to the
asylum for the insane or for idiots.
The St. Joseph river enters the county in the township of
Bertrand, and runs in a generally north direction, through Niles,
Buchanan and Berrien Springs, to St. Joseph, where it empties
into Lake Michigan. At the city of Niles it receives the water of
the Dowagiac river, and a short distance above its mouth the
Paw Paw falls into it. Both these streams afford many and fine
mill sites, and the hydraulic capacity of the St. Joseph constantly
increases as it sweeps through the county. Galien river, Pipe-
stone, McCoy's, Hickory, Yellow and Blue creeks, drain and
water other parts of the county, and furnish a large amount of
water power.
The history of Berrien county is somewhat peculiar and very
interesting, and ought to be written at large. We are happy to
be able to state that this duty will soon be accomplished by
Hon. Nathaniel Bacon, of Niles, who is now preparing, and will,
at an early day, publish a very full history of the St. Joseph
Valley. The known ability of Judge Bacon, together with the
industry and perseverance with which he has sought and
examined all available sources of information, warrant the
expectation that he will present a very interesting and useful
book. Here it was that, nearly two hundred years ago, the
great explorer LaSalle, with Hennepin and Tonti, first discovered
the mouth of our beautiful St. Joseph river; here, on the borders
76
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
1
of the lake, these forerunners of a Christian civilization built
a fort; here, at that early day, the voice of praise and prayer
ascended to the "unknown God" of the aborigines; and here the
first white man boldly pushed his prow into the solitude of this
then unexplored valley. Here, also, were early missions established,
councils held and treaties made with the Indian tribes; here was
the first orchard planted west of Detroit, and here, to-day, a cross
marks the grave of the first white man who died in the valley.
And then the events of modern years, though more numerous, are
not less interesting. How the first settlers and settlements sped;
their struggles, sufferings and successes; the growth of improve-
ments, towns and cities; the establishment of civil, religious and
social institutions; the development of material resources; the
departure of the aborigines; life in the camp and in the cabin,
and the transition to more æsthetic abodes; all this and much
more, form a theme most inviting to the philosophic thinker or to
the intelligent historian.
The first permanent settlement in this county was made by
John Johnson, in 1827, although as early as 1820 there had been
an Indian trading post established. In 1840 the population was
about 5,000, and twenty years thereafter it had reached 22,274.
It is now, probably, over 30,000. In 1860 the cereals produced in
the county were as follows:
Wheat,
Rye,...
Corn,.
Oats,
260,000 bushels.
26,000
(C
456,000
75,000
(C
A large proportion of the emigration into this as into most of
the other counties in Southern Michigan, has been from New
England and New York. This fact accounts for the high degree
of perfection to which the common schools have there been
brought. The first public improvement a New England man
looks to in a new country is a school house, and until this is
completed and in use he does not begin to feel at home. This he
knows to be the foundation for other and higher schools, the sure
precursor of academies, seminaries and colleges. The common
school is his pet; and the better it is the greater is his satisfaction.
For it his money, however laboriously earned, goes freely. He
BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
77
looks upon it with the pride of a prince, and when he sees his
children marching, in cleanly attire, to this rudimental temple of
learning, he glows with that self-satisfied importance which only
the true-hearted pater familias can feel. It is not, therefore,
strange that Berrien county rejoices in the superiority of her
common schools. No better exist anywhere; and in addition to
them she has also several institutions of what are claimed to be a
higher grade. The Union school at Niles is equal to any in the
nation, and is one of the chief ornaments of that city, both in a
material and a higher sense. In 1860 there were 6,220 pupils in
daily attendance at the several public schools of the county. This
number has since been largely increased. To this fact may be
attributed the general intelligence of the people, and also the good
judgment recently displayed in electing so capable and suitable a
gentleman as Captain Henry A. Ford to superintend the affairs of
these "colleges of the poor man.”
About six miles below South Bend we cross the boundary line
between Indiana and Michigan, and immediately come to
BERTRAND, a village which reminds the observer of "the last rose
of summer." There was a time, many years ago, when Bertrand
was a town of much promise. It had its wide and long streets,
its public squares, and its church sites-nearly all in the woods.
The territorial road crossed the river here, and the town enjoyed
considerable trade. Corner lots were plenty, and amazingly high;
indeed, so high that nobody would buy them. And so it died-
died of wounds received in the house of its friends.
It is now a
place of no importance, and has but about three hundred
inhabitants.
The city of NILES is situated on the St. Joseph river at its
confluence with the Dowagiac. It is the commercial and manu-
facturing center of the county, and a place of large importance in
the State. The first settlement was made in 1827. The plat of
the town was made in 1829, and it became an incorporated village
in 1834. In 1859 it was incorporated as a city. The name is
derived from the editor of the celebrated Niles' Register. The
first store was opened in 1830, and the first church (Presbyterian)
was built in 1833. The city in 1860 had 2,826 inhabitants, but its
growth since then has been rapid, and it probably has now
considerably over 5,000. Niles is handsomely laid out on both
78
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
sides of the St. Joseph river, which is here spanned by two
bridges. There are many very beautiful locations for private
residence, some of which are improved with good taste. The
business houses are generally large, substantial and convenient.
The Union School House is a very fine building, and in point of
architectural beauty and general effect surpasses all other build-
ings in the city. It has accommodations for over twelve
hundred scholars, and is surrounded by grounds very prettily laid
out. There are several manufactories here, among which may be
mentioned five flouring and two saw mills, a foundry and a
machine shop. The machinery is driven by the Dowagiac,
which furnishes a fine water power. Several attempts have been
made to build a dam across the St. Joseph river, but for some
reason they have been unsuccessful. At the present time a
hydraulic company with ample means and becoming energy are
repeating the attempt, and will, without doubt, accomplish the
work. There is no impediment to the construction of a dam at
Niles which does not exist at all other places where such an
improvement has stood for years. The water power is here too
valuable to allow slight discouragements to control. The citizens
of Niles are proud of their city; they aim high, and are not made
to be beat by water-it will take something stronger to do it.
On this power the city depends for its future rapid and permanent
growth. Without it, Niles may be considered one of the finished
cities; with it, no one can predict any limit to its business,
wealth, population and importance. No town in the valley
which depends alone, or chiefly, upon local trade for its pros-
perity, can attain to any enviable proportions. Niles is no
exception; and unless she uses the great advantages which
nature has provided, and builds up a manufacturing business, she
will see other towns sweeping by, and leaving her to mourn over
her folly and her fate.
The village of BUCHANAN, at the mouth of McCoy's creek, a
few miles below Niles, has a population of over a thousand. It
has two newspapers, several churches, two flouring mills, and some
other manufactories. It is a brisk town, handsomely situated,
and has a good local trade.
BERRIEN SPRINGS is the capital of the county. It occupies the
site of an old French fort on the St. Joseph river, some ten miles
BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
79
below Niles, and fifteen miles from the mouth of the river. Its
only means of communication with the outer world is by stage
and steamboat. It is innocent of railroads, which accounts for
the fact that, although very pleasantly located and enjoying many
great natural advantages, it has only about a thousand people.
This cannot remain so long. A railroad from the mouth of the
river, by the way of Berrien Springs and Niles, to South Bend, is
not only contemplated, but its completion is certain at a very
early day. The road can be easily and cheaply made, and will be
highly important to the country and towns through which it will
pass. This improvement accomplished, and Berrien Springs will
soon become important for something else besides being the
depository of the county records, and as a place to which the
judges of the courts and a few lawyers make periodical but
flying visits. The name of the village is suggestive of a natural
means of wealth, near by, which may, even before long, make the
place famous as a delightful resort for health and pleasure. We
refer to the numerous mineral springs. There are found here
several very fine white sulphur springs, and some other mineral
waters, whose qualities deserve further analysis. The region is
evidently volcanic, and some persons are decidedly of the opinion
that they have found unmistakable evidences of oil-a slander upon
the locality which we have no idea will ever be verified. These
mineral waters are of such a character and quantity as to lead to
the expectation that, before many years, a great watering place
will be established here. A recent writer, referring to this town,
says it is "beautifully situated, healthily located, with a fine.
chalybeate spring within the corporation, and a sulphur spring on
the opposite side of the river, and surrounded by fine farms; over-
looking the beautiful St. Joseph, in sight of majestic woods, and
in the center of the great fruit region of Western Michigan, it
could not fail to be a charming resort. Just above the town are
the beautifully embowered Indian Fields, still retaining the foot-
marks of barbaric life, even now much frequented. Opposite is
Fruit Island No. 1, an island garden, bordered with majestic trees
and embowered with climbing vines. Below and opposite the
main mineral springs and basin are the celebrated Shaker farms
and establishment. The river, both above and below the village,
is a thing of beauty, bordered and embowered with the sycamore,
80
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
black walnut, buckeye, pawpaw and wild grape; and as a place
for rambles, walks and drives, is unsurpassed for romantic loveli-
ness and sylvan beauty. Peaches, apples, grapes, sweet potatoes,
and all kinds of berries, wild and tame; fish in the river and game
in the woods largely abound."
At the mouth of the St. Joseph river and at the terminus of the
Valley, is situated the village of ST. JOSEPH, a thriving town of
about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. Here the Paw Paw falls
into the St. Joseph, and here, also, is one of the best and most
commodious harbors on Lake Michigan. It has a fine local trade,
and ships large quantities of lumber, grain and fruit. A line of
propellers furnishes daily communication with Chicago, and the
interior is reached by steamboat and stage. The country all
along the lake, and for several miles back, is specially adapted to
the culture of fruit, and has the appearance of being almost one
continuous peach orchard. This is the point at which LaSalle
with his retinue of explorers landed, when he discovered the
mouth of the river. Here he built a fort, over which floated the
flag of France, and here the cross was first displayed to the
wondering gaze of the aborigines of the valley. A railroad up
the St. Joseph river to connect with the two great east and west
lines, and making a continuous route to the Ohio river, will very
suddenly increase the importance of the town and the harbor.
}
CONCLUSION.
81
CONCLUSION.
We have thus briefly gone over the proposed ground, following
the river from its source to its mouth, and occasionally making
diversions toward the borders of the valley. Of course the view
which we have taken has been limited and imperfect. Our first
purpose has been to exhibit, as fully as possible, the wonderful
hydraulic capacity of the valley, and to sketch some of the great
business advantages. Even this we have but imperfectly done;
yet we think enough has been presented to arrest the attention of
the reader, and to stimulate a personal examination by those who
are seeking locations for business or homes. From one end to the
other of the valley there are numerous inducements for settle-
ment. The climate is genial and equable; the water is abundant
and pure; land is cheap and productive; timber is plenty; roads
are good; schools are excellent, and society intelligent and
refined. No branch of industry is over-done, and good homes,
cheap subsistence, and ample fortunes are sure to reward perse-
vering and well-directed labor. If the foregoing pages serve to
give direction to even a small portion of those who are seeking
new homes and opportunities for usefulness, and assist in
developing, in some degree, the dormant capabilities of the
lovely Valley of the St. Joseph, the object of the writer will have
been substantially attained.
OFFICERS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA.
Auditor-W. J. Holloway.
Treasurer-Ezekiel Green.
Clerk-E. V. Clark.
Recorder-R. J. Chestnutwood.
Sheriff-Sol. W. Palmer.
Commissioners-Gilman Towle, J. C. Knoblock, Nathaniel
Frame.
COURTS.
Circuit Court-First Mondays of March and September. Hon.
Andrew J. Osborn, Judge.
Court of Common Pleas Third Mondays of January, May and
September. Hon. Elisha Egbert, Judge.
ST. JOSEPH COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
President-William F. Bulla.
Vice President-Nathaniel Frame.
Treasurer-William Miller.
Secretary-Charles Towle.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, SOUTH BEND.
Benjamin Wall,
William H. Stanfield,
Jacob Hardman.
OFFICERS OF THE
INDIANA STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
President-Hon. A. D. Hamrick.. Hamrick's Station, Putnam Co.
Vice President-Dr. John C. Helm........ Muncie, Delaware Co.
Treasurer-Carlos Dickson....
.. Indianapolis.
General Superintendent-John B. Sullivan.......
Secretary-A. J. Holmes..
.Indianapolis.
..Rochester, Fulton Co.
(Office-State House, Indianapolis.)
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Hon. A. D. Hamrick, President, Ex-officio.
Hon. W. C. Danaldson,
J. A. Grosvenor,
Hon. James D. Williams,
Joseph Poole.
MEMBERS OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
1st District—E. T. Cox…….
.New Harmony, Posey Co.
2d District-Hon. J. D. Williams..Pond Creek Mills, Knox Co.
3d District-John C. Shoemaker.
4th District-John McCrea....
5th District-Benjamin North..
6th District-D. E. Rees
7th District-J. A. Grosvenor..
•
•
•
.Bloomington.
Rome, Perry Co.
....Rising Sun.
Lawrenceburg.
Indianapolis.
8th District-Hon. W. C. Danaldson.....Montezuma, Parke Co,
9th District-Hon. A. D. Hamrick
10th District-Alexander Heron...
11th District-Dr. John C. Helm.
12th District-Joseph Poole ...
13th District-Hezekiah Caldwell
14th District—A. J. Holmes...
15th District-John Sutherland
16th District-Dr. George W. McConnell.
Putnam Co.
Connorsville
.Muncie.
Attica, Fountain Co.
Wabash.
Rochester.
Laporte.
.Angola.
CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
The Post Office of South Bend is situated on the corner of Main
and Market streets. Edwin R. Farnam is postmaster.
The city government of South Bend is composed as follows:
Mayor-William E. George.
Councilmen 1st Ward: John Klingle, S. F. Myers.
2d Ward: Thos. S. Stanfield, David Stover.
3d Ward: Thos. W. Defrees, A. B. Merrett.
4th Ward: A. Russworm, S. Parry.
Clerk-John Hagerty.
Marshall-Jacob K. Huston.
Street Commissioner-John A. Hartman.
City Engineer-Mathias Stover.
Chief of Fire Department-John Brownfield.
City Attorney-Geo. Pfleger, Jr.
Treasurer-J. B. Eaker.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
Chief Engineer-John Brownfield.
1st Assistant Engineer-Nathan Marsh.
2d "C
66
William Mack.
Engine Company, No. 1-E. P. Taylor, Foreman.
"2-Benjamin White, Foreman.
Hook and Ladder Co.-John Brownfield, Foreman.
CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
85
The Masonic Organizations in South Bend are as follows:
ST. JOSEPH LODGE No. 45.
[Instituted in 1842.]
W. M.-George H. Alward.
S. W.-Theodore Witherell.
J. W.-Israel Belton.
Treas.-Dwight Deming.
Secy.-M. A. Smith.
S. D.-W. F. Cushing.
J. D.—Ed. Turnock.
SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 294.
W. M.-O. H. Brusie.
[Instituted in 1863.]
S. W.-Archibald Defrees.
J. W.-Joseph Henderson.
Treas.-Adam Barnhart.
Secy.-C. Souders.
GERMANIA LODGE No. 301.
[Instituted in 1865.]
W. M.-John Klingle.
S. W.-M. Livingston.
J. W.-Charles Vinson.
Treas.-Jacob Myers.
Secy.-John Meussel.
S. D.-John Zeitler.
J. D.—Leonard Bock.
Stewards. Herman Yonker, Gerard Berger.
Tyler.-Andrew Russworm.
The Odd Fellows organizations are as follows:
SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 29.
N. G.-C. Studebaker.
V. G.—M. L. Huey.
Secy.-J. G. Vinson.
Treas.-John Gallagher.
[Instituted in 1846.]
86
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SOUTH BEND ENCAMPMENT I. O. O. F.
C. P.-W. J. Holloway.
H. P.-S. W. Palmer.
S. W.-V. G. Huey.
J. W.-William Miller.
S.-A. Wheeler.
Treas.-C. W. Martin.
[Instituted in 1848.]
ROBERT BLUM LODGE.
N. G.-J. G. Vinson.
V. G.-G. Poehlman.
Secy. John Wagner.
Treas.
[Instituted in 1867.]
Frederick Grether.
GOOD TEMPLARS.
GUIDING STAR LODGE No. 371.
[Instituted in 1866.]
W. C. T.-E. B. Metzger.
W. V. T.—Miss Jennie Eaker.
W. S.-James R. Davis.
W. F. S.-Almon Bugbee.
W. T.-Miss Mattie Bulla.
W. M.-Marion Staley.
W. D. M.-Miss Ritter.
W. I. G.—Miss Alena Rees.
W. O. G.-Washington Saunders.
W. A. S.-Willis Bugbee.
W. R. H. S.-Miss Lucretia Miller.
W. L. H. S.-Miss Ritter.
W. Chaplin-Elder Israel Beldon.
P. W. C. T.—Corydon E. Fuller.
CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
87
YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION.
[Instituted in 1866.]
President-Robert Johnson.
Vice President
J. A. M. LaPierre.
Cor. Secretary--Wm. S. Bartlett.
Rec. Secretary-Washington Saunders.
Treasurer-Alexander Ireland.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPBLIC.
SOUTH BEND POST.
P. C.-Alexander N. Thomas.
Sen. P. C.--Daniel Dayton.
Jun. P. C.-Ed. Nicar.
Adjutant-William Stover.
Q. M.-D. Smith.
Surgeon. Dr. S. F. Myers.
Chaplain.-L. G. Welton.
CHURCHES IN SOUTH BEND.
Methodist Episcopal-North-west corner of Main and Jefferson
streets. Rev.
, pastor.
Methodist Episcopal-(German,)-Lafayette street, between
Washington and Jefferson.
Presbyterian-South-west corner Washington and Lafayette
streets. Rev. Walter Forsythe, pastor.
Baptist-South-east corner Main and Jefferson streets. Rev.
Thomas P. Campbell, pastor.
Reformed Dutch-South-west corner Lafayette and Market
streets.
Lutheran-South-west corner Lafayette and Market_streets.
Rev. Phillip Wagner, pastor. Worship in the Reformed Dutch
Church.
Roman Catholic—(St. Patrick's,)—Division, between Scott and
Chapin streets. Rev. P. P. Cooney, priest.
Universalist-Main, between Washington and Jefferson streets.
Rev. Nathaniel Crary, pastor.
Disciples of Christ-Main, between Wayne and Division streets.
Rev. Israel Belton, pastor.
88
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
ST. JOSEPH VALLEY REGISTER
NEWSPAPER,
BOOK AND JOB PRINTING
AND
BOOK BINDING ESTABLISHMENT,
A. BEAL & CO., Proprietors,
No. 86 MICHIGAN STREET,
SOUTH BEND,
S
INDIANA.
THE REGISTER,
Established in 1845, by Hon. SCUYLER COLFAX, has much the
largest circulation of any paper in Northern Indiana, and is,
therefore, an excellent MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING.
Subscriptions $2.00 per year in advance. Advertising rates
reasonable.
JOB PRINTING.
The Register Job Office is well supplied with Power Presses
and material for excuting all kinds of JOB PRINTING in the best
style; and is daily turning out work equal to the best offices in
the large cities and at much lower prices.
BOOK BINDING.
The Register Bindery is now in successful operation. All kinds
of work executed in good style and at reasonable prices. A first
class Ruling Machine is connected with the Bindery, and the
various styles of BLANK WORK will be neatly and promptly
executed.
Orders from a distance for Job Printing, Binding, Ruling, etc.,
are solicited and satisfaction in all cases will be guaranteed.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
89
NORTHERN INDIANA COLLEGE
MALE AND FEMALE.
WEST END OF WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
FACULTY.
President-D. Holmes, A. M., D. D., assisted by five Department
Teachers.
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.
Rev. John Thrush, Pres. F. B. Tutt, Esq., Vice President. A.
Beal, Esq., Secretary. John Brownfield, Esq., Treasurer.
CALENDAR FOR 1867 & 1868.
College Year is divided into two sessions of 20 weeks each. First
session opens Wednesday, September 4th, 1867. Second session
will begin Tuesday, February 4th, 1868; one week's vacation
during holidays. Students may enter at any time.
The Boarding Department, within the college building, is intend-
ed for the special accommodation of young ladies. It is under
the management of Rev. James Johnson and Lady, the latter hav-
ing the position of Matron. The facilities of this department are
equal to those of any similiar institution.
EXPENSES.
Board in College Building with use of room per week, $3 00.
Light and Fuel will be an extra charge, in no case to
exceed per week,..
}
1 00.
Washing per dozen,.
Janitor's Fee, per term,.
60.
1 00.
TUITION, PER TERM.
Minimum Department,.
$4 00.
Medium, First Year,.
5 00.
·
Medium, Second Year,
6 00.
Collegiate and Classical, according to grade of studies,
7 00 to 10 00.
5 00.
Instrumental Music, including use of Instrument,.... 12 00.
Modern Languages, each.
Painting and Drawing,.
4 00 to 6 00.
Janitor's Fee must be paid when the name is enrolled, Tuition
in advance. In cases of serious illness a deduction will be made,
corresponding to time loss. Each Boarding Student is expected
to furnish one half the bedding for one bed, except the straw mat-
tress, two students occupying one room. Students will be required
to furnish towels, napkins and toilet for their own use.
For further information address the President of the insti-
tution, or the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, at South Bend,
Indiana.
7
90
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
THE NATIONAL UNION,
A WEEKLY JOURNAL,
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY.
Office in Washington Block, (third Story,)
SOUTH BEND, IND.
The UNION is striving to become the best local paper in
Northern Indiana. For that purpose unusual attention is devoted
to everything pertaining to South Bend and St. Joseph county. It
will always endeavor to maintain Democratic principles, using
nothing but argument in attacking or replying to opponents.
Selections of poetry and prose are always made with a strict
regard to the highest order of taste; and morality will be firmly
defended. No parent need hesitate about allowing the UNION
to be perused by the youngest members of his household.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
For One year, (in advance,).
For Six months,
For Three months,
CARDS,
66
66
JOB PRINTING.
LETTER HEADS,
$2.00
1.25
75
CIRCULARS, and
BLANKS,
of all kinds done to order, on short notice.
We do plain and fancy Printing, having on hand a good assort-
ment of metal and wood type.
order.
Our prices are reasonable, being on the "live and let live"
Communications on business, or enclosing subscriptions, should
be addressed to
E. MOLLOY & Co..
South Bend, Indiana.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
91
J. W. RUGGLES,
TEACHER OF
Vocal and Instrumental Music
OF THE
NORTHERN INDIANA COLLEGE,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
OFFICE AND MUSIC ROOM IN THE CITY.
Room No. 1, Second Floor, St. Joseph Block, on Washington Street,
Directly Opposite the Court House,
In the Vocal Department I call special attention to the cultiva-
tion of the voice, in private lessons and classes; embracing the
delivery and registering of the voice; accurate formation of tones
and appropriate expression. This is attended to with the greatest
care, and in accordance with the practice of the best teachers of
the country, among whom are G. F. Root, C. Bassini, and others.
In the Instrumental Department I am prepared to give instruction
upon the Piano, Organ, Melodeon and Guitar. In either of the
branches of Instrumental Music I claim a thorough presentation
of the principles of music, and use as text books for the Piano,
G. F. Root's unequalled "Curriculum," the most thorough and
progressive course ever offered to the musical world. After com-
pleting this work, the advanced studies of Listz, Chopin and
others will be used when required. For the Organ, Johnson's
improved Thorough Bass and Harmony combined, in connection.
with Rink's Voluntaries and Instructions in Pedal Harmony, etc.
For the Guitar, Carcassi's Method, which is progressive and
thorough in all its parts.
PIANOS, MELODEONS AND ORGANS
Furnished to customers at lowest retail rates, and none but good articles sold.
Every instrument warranted for five years.
Having had ten years experience in the sale of instruments and having been
engaged in manufacturing, tuning and repairing a large portion of the time, I
thoroughly understand every part of all kinds of musical instruments in use
in this country, and will tune or repair such and guarantee satisfaction. Espe-
cial attention given to tuning and repairing Pianos. New strings constantly
on hand and will be furnished on order. Terms for tuning Pianos in the city:
Single tuning...
Two tunings per year............……………………………………
Three
Cleaning Pianos
Re-covering Hammers, according to materal nsed..
.$3.00
5.00
6.00
1.00
.$15.00 to 25.00
Old Pianos taken in exchange for new ones at reasonable rates. For further
particulars call at my rooms in the St. Joseph Block, or N. I. College.
South Bend, Sept., 1867.
J. W.RUGGLES.
92
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SHIVELY'S HALL,
FRONTING ON MICHIGAN STREET,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
This is one of the largest, most convenient and best Halls in
Northern Indiana. It is centrally located, and elegantly fitted
up for
Theatrical Performances,
Concerts,
Lectures,
and all other purposes requiring ample room and good conve-
niences. Terms moderate. Apply personally or by letter to
D. M. SHIVELY, Proprietor,
South Bend, Indiana.
JOB PRINTING!
B. F. MILLER & SON,
ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
Handbills,
Posters,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Programmes,
Cards,
Book Work,
and all kinds of Plain and Ornamental Printing, neatly and
promptly done. New Type, new Presses and new Material. All
work warranted to give perfect satisfaction.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
93
NICAI, DEMING & CO.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF
HARDWARE,

Stoves and
Tinware,
Always on hand and for sale at the very lowest figures,
Iron, Steel, Nails, Glass, Putty, Paints, Oils, Brushes and all kinds
of Building Hardware. Also,
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,
Cooper and Carpenter's Tools,
Feather and Rubber Belting,
CIRCULAR, MILL AND CROSS CUT SAWS, ROPES AND
CORDAGE, CUTLERY, GLUE, &c.
All kinds of Tinwork made to order.
AGENT'S FOR THE "LA BELLE," NAIL WORKS,
WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA.
Laffel & Baldwin's Union Churas.
Agents for Wm. Mann & Co's Mishawka Pattern Axes. Also,
genuine Mishawaka Axes.
Cor. Washington and Michigan Sts., South Bend, Ind.
94
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
LIVERY.
LIVERY.

f

IRELAND & GISH,
PROPRIETORS,
Opposite the St. Joseph Block, and one door west of the Court House,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
We spare no pains or expense, to keep always for the use of
our customers and the public generally,
THE BEST HORSES & BUGGIES
And the most elegant Carriages to be found in the City.
Our Prices are Liberal and our accommodations perfect; in fact,
we are determined to give the most perfect satisfaction to all.
SAFE DRIVERS FURNISHED WHEN REQUIRED.
Large wagons on springs, for Parties and Pic-Nics.
HORSES KEPT ON SALE AND BOARDED.
Cash paid for Oats, Corn and Hay.
IRELAND & GISH, South Bend, Ind.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
95
C. LIPHART & CO.
Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers of and Dealers in
All kinds of Furniture,
ZANDO
ON HAND OR MADE TO ORDER,
SOFAS, LOUNGES, CHAIRS, OTTOMANS,
CENTER, PARLOR, TEA AND EXTENSION
TABLES, BUREAUS, BEDSTEADS, WASH-
STANDS, OAK AND WALNUT CHAM-
BER SETS, LOOKING GLASSES,

&c. &c. &c.
COFFINS
Of all prices and kinds constantly
on hand.
MICHIGAN ST., South of St. Joseph Co., Bank,
SOUTH BEND
INDIANA.
A. COQUILLARD,
LUMBER YARD,
COR. MICHIGAN AND JEFFERSON STS.,


SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
Always on hand and for sale, all kinds and qualities of seasoned
Lumber, Shingles, Lath, &c., including Boards, ¡Plank, Scantling,
Joists, Flooring, Siding, Fencing, &c.
Cash at all times paid for Walnut, Oak, Ash, Cherry and Poplar
Lumber.
Full Bills for Buildings filled without delay and on Accommodating
Terms. Call and see.
96
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.

A. COQUILLARD & CO.
AT THE
CORNER OF LAFAYETTE & WATER STS«
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.,
CONTINUE TO MANUFACTURE FOR THE WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, WAGONS
AND EVERYTHING IN THE VEHICLE LINE
In the greatest variety and of the best materials and with refer-
ence to the latest and most approved styles and patterns. We use
MACHINERY OF THE MOST PERFECT KINDS,
And employ none but the most capable and experienced mechanics
that can be procured, in the various branches of our business.
OUR TIMBER IS THOROUGHLY SEASONED
And all materials are subjected to a RIGID INSPECTION.
The success which has hitherto attended our enterprise we hold
as an indication of public satisfaction, and we are determined to
abate no effort to maintain the position we have attained.
We have on hand at all times a large stock of articles in our
line, which we intend to
SELL AT VERY LOW PRICES,
In fact, in no event will we be UNDERSOLD. Give us a call, or
address, by letter, as above, when all information will be given.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
97

CITY LIVERY,
[OPPOSITE DWIGHT HOUSE,]
I. SKINNER, Proprietor,
No. 54 Michigan Street,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA,
THE BEST OF
Horses, Buggies and Carriages,
At all times, and at reasonable prices.
SALE STABLE.
Horses sold or exchanged on fair terms.
BOARDING.
Horses boarded and taken care of in the best manner and satis-
faction guaranteed.
CASH PAID FOR CORN, OATS AND HAY.
I. SKINNER.
98
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
NEW YORK CLOTHING STORE,
PALMER'S NEW BUILDING, SOUTH BEND, IND.
Clothing of all kinds at Lowest Rates and of Best Quality.
!
GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS,
Including Collars, Cuffs, Gloves, Hoseries, Handkerchiefs, Shirts,
&c., &c. A fine stock of
Cloths, Cassimers and Vestings
Always on hand and made to order.
HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS, SATCHELS, VALISES, ETC.
Our motto is, Good Fits or no sale. None but the best workmen
employed. Give us a call.
LANTZ BRO'S & CO.
GEO. F. LAYTON,
DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY,
[REGISTER BUILDING,]
No. 86 Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind.
Offers to the public a large and well selected stock of Drugs,
Chemicals, Dye Stuffs, Druggists' Sundries, Proprietary
Medicines, Perfumery, Cosmetics, Hair, Nail and
Tooth Brushes, Hair Dyes and Hair Re-
storatives, all of unrivalled
excellence.
LUBRICATING AND BURNING OILS.
Physician's Prescriptions filled with accuracy and despatch at all
times Puritas et Perfectios Probus Parotive.
LIKEWISE:
BLANK BOOKS, STATIONERY, A Geneneral Assortment, SCHOOL
and COLLEGE TEXT BOOKS.
Which will be sold as cheap as at any House in South Bend.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
99
MARSH & MILLER,
Wholesale Manufacturers of

Sash, Doors, Blinds,
MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, &c.,
FACTORY ON THE EAST SIDE SOUTH BEND, IND.
Planing, scroll sawing, and re-sawing of all descriptions done to
order. Stair railing, balusters, Newel Posts, on hand or made as
required. A large stock of sash, doors, blinds, mouldings and
plain and ornamental fence pickets, constantly on hand. Dressed
flooring, siding and finishing lumber for sale at all times. In short,
everything requisite for finishing a house, can be had of best
quality and on short notice, at this establishment.

DWIGHT
HOUSE,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
D. DEMING, Proprietor.
This House is first class in all respects. The bedding and
furniture are all new, and the rooms neat, airy and commodious.
Omnibuses at all the trains, for the Hotel or any part of
the city.
Stages leave this house daily for Niles, Berrien and St. Joseph,
Michigan.
Express coaches depart for Mishawaka, Notre Dame and St.
Mary's, several times each day.
GOOD STABLING.
Un
100
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
....
W. G. GEORGE.
GEO. PFLEGER, JR.
GEORGE & PFLEGER,
Attorneys at Law,
OFFICE OVER THE POST OFFICE,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
Practice in the Supreme and Circuit Courts of the State, and in
the Federal Courts. Collections Promptly attended to.
George Pfleger, Jr., is Notary Public and Commissioner for the
State of Pennsylvania.

REED & COONLEY'S
DRUG STORE,
IN THE NEW BRICK BLOCK,

On the corner of Michigan and Washington Streets.
Fitted up by their superintendence, for them, has long been known to the
residents of St. Joseph County, and doing business at South Bend, as one of
the best in Northern Indiana.
They claim all goods sold by them to be perfectly pure and strictly as repre-
sented. They hope that a close attention to business, and honesty, will secure
success. They treat all alike cordially, and wish success to all their numerous
friends and customers.
They always have on hand a large and complete stock of Drugs and Medi-
cines, Linseed Oil and White Lead, all kinds of Paints and Painter's Goods.
All the standard Patent Medicines of the day, Machine Oil and Fish Oil,
Benzine and Turpentine, Varnishes of the best quality, Fruit Jars, Tobacco,
Cigars and Pipes. We wish to satisfy all favoring us with a call.
G. S. REED.
D. M. COONLEY.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
101
WITHERILL & CO.
DEALERS IN
Clocks, Watches, Jewelry,
Pure Silver and Plated Ware, Books, Stationery, Wall Paper and Window
Shades, Watches, Clocks, &c., repaired in the best manner. The latest news-
papers and periodicals always on hand
No. 95 MICHIGAN STREET,
NORTH OF WASHINGTON STREET, SOUTH BEND, IND.
JOHN K. SELTZER,
GROCER,
Dealer in all kinds of Groceries, Fruits, Fish, Vegetables, Glass,
Queens and Stone Ware, Teas, Coffee and Sugars. Also, Flour, Meal,
and all kinds of feed. Cash paid for Wheat, Corn, Oats, Fruit, and all sorts
of country produce, at the
COR. OF WASHINGTON & MICHIGAN STS., South Bend

BULLA & ROSE,
DEALERS IN
HATS, CAPS & FURS,
Paper Collars, Neck Ties, Travelling Bags and Valises,
Gloves and all kinds of Buffalo Robes, &c. Our prices are suited to the times,
and to the general truth that "we will not be undersold." Call and see us and
we guarantee satisfaction,
92 MICHIGAN ST
Bet. Market & Washington,
Next Door to Cushing's Drug Store, South Bend, Indiana.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES BY
Drs. L. PAGIN & BROS.,
NEW SCHOOL PHYSICIANS, SOUTH BEND, IND.
We make no pretentions of ability to cure ALL disease; we leave such arrogant and dis-
honest assumption to the horde of unprincipled quacks who prey upon the community. But
we do claim to have made many VALUABLE DISCOVERIES in Medical Science, by which
we are enabled, not only to afford temporary relief, but to effect RADICAL CURES in many
cases of Chronic Disease which have been pronounced hopeless by other physicians. Devote-
ing, as we do, our entire attention to diseases of a chronic nature, we deem it no impudent
assumption to claim GREATER SKILL than can reasonably be expected of those who divide
their time between acute and chronic complaints.
We have opened a large and convenient office in South Bend, Indiana, where one of us
may at any time be consulted FREE OF CHARGE by all who are suffering from any chronic
complaint. For full particulars as to our principles in the treatment of disease, as well as for
explicit directions to those desiring to consult us by letter, send for a copy of our paper,
which will be mailed gratis to any address. Address as above.
102
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
ST. PATRICK'S
SELECT SCHOOL


FOR
BOYS AND YOUNG MEN.
This School is Adjacent to St. Patrick's Church,
ON DIVISION, BET. SCOTT AND CHAPIN STS.
The building is 50x35 feet, with a ceiling 18 feet high, and it is divided by a
folding partition into two divisions; thus making two of the most commodious
study halls in the city. Both these halls may be thrown into one, when re-
quired; and as they are separated from the church by a folding partition, they
may be added to it on occasions of public service or religious lectures. The
windows are so adjusted as to admit the upper sash to slide downwards, thus
admitting a continuous supply of fresh air, so necessary for the health and
comfort of students.
The desks are constructed on an entirely new and convenient plan, projected
by Father COONEY, to avoid the inconvenience and noise unavoidable with the
ordinary desks, accompanied with chairs.
No chairs are used, and the seats and desks are so fixed that in a few
seconds they may be changed into ordinary pews, thus making it very conve-
nient for lectures, &c.
The school was organised by Father COONEY, in November, 1866, and con-
sists of two departments, or divisions, according to the capacity and age of
the pupils. In these departments the pupils are sub-divided into classes to
suit the wants and contribute to the advancement of each scholar.
The school is under the continual supervision of the Pastor, and the classes
are taught by the Brothers of the Holy Cross, who are thoroughly prepared
for teaching, which their vocation requires them to make the business of their
life.
All the preparatory branches, together with Book-keeping, Algebra, Geom-
etry, and everything connected with a thorough English education, are taught
in this school, thus preparing young men for any business, except the learned
professions.
The school is open to all denominations. Religion is taught only to Catholic
pupils. But the principles of morality are to be strictly followed by all,
together with a strict adherence to propriety of language and manners, with-
out which neither order nor discipline could be maintained in any school, and
the desired advancement of the pupils would be impossible.
As education is the only object of the school, the terms are very moderate.
The scholastic year commences on the first Monday of September.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
103


St. Mary's Academy,
NOTRE DAME, INDIANA,
Is situated on a beautiful drive, two miles from the thriving city of South Bend, and one mile
from the University of Notre Dame. It is conducted by the SISTERS OF HOLY CROSS,
ladies whose talent and energy, together with the cordial co-operation of the public, have
secured to Indiana one of the most desirable institutions for the education of young ladies in
the United States.
The Location
Is one most fortunately chosen, the rapid and health-imparting waters of the St. Joseph River,
encircling the eminence on which it stands, and the wooded barks affording a pleasant
theater for vigorous sports and delightful rambles.
The Grounds
Are charmingly laid out, and ornamented with summer-houses, fountains, shrines and statu-
ary, presenting a landscape to extort the admiration of the most indifferent.
The seclusion from the town-so promotive of study-is more than compensated for, by
the great attention paid to healthful amusements, which is a strong feature of the system
observed at St. Mary's; indeed no expense is spared to render the young ladies cheerful and
happy while pursuing their classical course.
The Buildings
Are large and well appointed, heated throughout by steam, furnished with hot and cold baths,
and perfectly ventilated. They are also tastefully adorned with choice paintings, statues and
oratories, the handsome Music Hall being supplied with harps, guitars, and thirty pianos, all
kept in constant use.
The Laboratory
Possessess an excellent Philosophical Apparatus, and an extensive Herbarium of foreign and
native plants is attached to the Botanical department.
The Plan of Teaching
With the Sisters of Holy Cross, is to incorporate the accomplishments upon a sound moral
and scientific basis, thus to render them but the just expression of an interior culture, rather
than a gilded mask to conceal a total deficiency of sound education, which we too frequently
find them.
Literary and Scientific Lectures
Are afforded the pupils through the year by accomplished professors from the University of
Notre Dame. Excellent facilities are also enjoyed for the study of Latin, while the modern
languages receive due attention. French and German being the native tongues of several of
the teachers, they are spoken in the Academy, and fluency encouraged by stated Conversa-
tions held in the hours of recreation.
The corps of Musical Instructors is unsurpassed, and many pupils enter for the sole
object of acquiring this branch. Distinguished Professors are employed in Vocal Music, as
also in the essential art of Elocution.
The Disciplinary Government
Is mild, and conducted with such energy and vigilance as always to secure perfect order and
regularity. The young ladies are kept within the line of duty more by a sense of honor and
justice than by fear of punishment. Pupils become the children of the House, the Sisters
watching over their best interests with the solicitude of mothers.
Non-Catholic pupils are received, and are only required, for the sake of uniformity, to
assist at the public and regular exercises of Religion with propriety and decorum.
A daily line of carriages is established between the Academy and the city of South Bend.
104
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SPENCERIAN COMMERCIAL COLLEGE,
Opposite the Court House,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Student are here perfected in a thorough business education. The system
pursued is of so practical a character that graduates are competent to enter at
once upon the active duties of a business life. Students from abroad can be
accomodated with board at reasonable rates. The country offers no better
opportunity for obtaining a good business education. Professors and teachers
are all competent and experienced men. Frequent lectures on commercial
law and other topics.
ADAMS & SUMPTION.
RHODES & SIEGFRIED,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
BOOTS, SHOES, LEATHER AND FINDINGS,
A large stock of Ladies', Misses', Children's, Men's and Boy's Boots and Shoes
of latest style at all times on hand and for sale at the very lowest prices.
Boots and Shoes made to order. Repairing done.
Call and examine our goods and we pledge ourselves that prices and quality
shall suit.
Washington, N. E. cor. Main Street, opposite Odd Fellows' Hall,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
FRIEDBERGER'S DRY GOODS AND FANCY STORE,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Washington Street, corner of Main,
OPPOSITE ODD FELLOWS' Hall,
ALL KINDS OF
STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS,
Of most fashionable styles, and Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods.
Keeps constantly on hand Hats, Caps, Zephyrs, Beltings, Nets,
Buttons, Gloves, Slipper Patterns, Hosiery, Collars, Under Shirts,
Drawers, Hoop Skirts, Corsets, &c. My motto is "Cheaper than
the Cheapest."
M. FRIEDBERGER.
LEMEN, GRETHER & CO.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
BOOTS, SHOES, LEATHER & FINDINGS
All of which will be sold very low for cash. We have a com-
plete stock of Ladies', Misses', Children's, Men's and Boy's
wear of the latest and most fashionable style, and in
great variety. Work made to order and war-
ranted. Repairing done.
No. 1 Odd Fellows' Block, OPPOSITE THE COURT HOUSE. SOUTH BEND,
IND.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
105
Established in 1852.


Studebaker Bros.,
Manufacturers of Heavy and Light
CARRIAGES

SPRING,
FARM AND FREIGHT WAGONS,
MICHIGAN STREET,
South Bend,
Indiana.
We invite particular attention to the superiority of our FARM
WAGONS, at prices that defy competition.
Photographs of Buggies and Carriages sent to customers on
application by letter. Farmers, Teamsters, Freighters and the
public generally are invited to call and examine our work before
purchasing.
Having had many years experience in this line of manufacture,
we believe that our judgment in selecting materials, the skill of
our workmen, together with the ample facilities in the way of
machinery which we possess, will warrant us in representing our
work equal, if not
SUPERIOR TO ANY MANUFACTURED IN THE COUNTRY,
And that we are justified in CHALLENGING COMPARISON
with any and all manufactories, for excellence in material and
workmanship.
ALL WORK WARRANTED.
C. Studebaker,
Financial Manager.
J. M. Studebaker,
P. E. Studebaker,
Gen. Manager of Manufactory.
Salesman.
8
106
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
ANDREW ANDERSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
:
SOUTH BEND, IND.
I HAVE IN MY OFFICE A
SET OF ABSTRACT BOOKS,
Showing all the recorded Deeds, Mortgages, Wills, Tax Sales and
Judgments of or affecting the title to real estate in
St. Joseph county.
I can tell the title to any farm or town lot in this county at a
glance. Will furnish written and guaranteed abstracts of title on
special contract, when desired.
A. ANDERSON.
J. A. CHOCKELT,
Jefferson Street, MICHIGAN MAIN STS.,
&
MANUFACTURER OF
South Bend, Ind.
FARM AND SPRING WAGONS,
And all kinds of Carriages, Buggies, Sulkies, Sleighs and Bobs. Repairing
done promptly and in the best manner. HORSE SHOEING and
BLACKSMITHING in all its departments attended to by experienced
workmen. This establishment is not as large as some others, but the quality
of work cannot be excelled, and in prices we defy competition. All work
warranted. Farmers and others giving us a call will see that these things are so.
NEUPERTH & BENZ,
East Side of Michigan Street, one door South of Shively's Block,
SOUTH BEND, IND.,
Have on hand a full and well selected stock of
Hardware, Cutlery, Tinware, Stoves,
And generally all articles in their line of business, which they offer at the
very lowest prices which small profits and quick sales will justify. A prac-
tical knowledge of the business and strict attention to all its details will, we
trust, insure perfect satisfaction. All kinds of tin work made to order, and
repairing done. Our stock of stoves is very full. Give us a call and we
guarantee satisfaction.

SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
107
CITY HAT, CAP & FUR STORE.
WHEELER & ORVIS.

GENT'S
Furnishing Goods,
Hats, Caps, & Furs.
A. H. WHEELER, W. ORVIS.
The largest and best assortment in the city. Also GENERAL
SEWING MACHINE AGENTS.
No. 3 Washington Block, Washington St., South Bend, Ind.
Sign
South Bend Graded School,
FOR SCHOLARS OF BOTH SEXES.
This School, so favorably known, is now open for the reception
of students. The business of teaching has long been a speciality
with the conductors of this school, and they are determined to
continue to merit the approbation of the public. Terms adjusted
on application. School Rooms in Commercial College Block,
opposite the Court House, South Bend, Indiana.
Mr. Sumption is Examiner of Schools of St. Joseph county.
ADAMS & SUMPTION.
KNOBLOCK BROTHERS,
MANUFACTURERS OF
IMPROVED EXTENSION TABLES,
ORDERS KINDLÝ SOLICITED. P. O. Box 115.
Wm. Knoblock,
ck.
Theo. E. Knoblock.
SOUTH BEND, IND.

A
100
THOMAS SON
ARD
NOTRE DAME.
BAKER
108
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
109

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME.
St. Joseph County, Indiana.
THI
HIS Institution, incorporated in 1844, enlarged in 1866, and fitted up with
all modern improvements, affords accommodations to five hundred students.
Situated near the M. S. & N. I. Railroad, it is of easy access from all parts of
the United States. Nearly one thousand acres of land are attached to the
College, all of which is well adapted both by nature and art for college pur-
poses. The studies pursued are wide in their range, and instruction careful
and thorough. A kind and parental care is exercised over all the students,
and the utmost attention paid to health and morals.
TERMS:
Matriculation Fee,..
$5 00

Board, Bed and Bedding, and Tuition, (Latin and Greek included,) wash-
ing and Mending of Linen, Doctor's Fees and Medicine and Attend-
ance in sickness, per session of five month……….
.152 50
French, German, Italian, Spanish and Hebrew, each.
10 00
12.50
Instrumental Music.
Use of Piano.
Use of Violin
Drawing..
Use of Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus.
10 00
2.00
10 00
5 00
Graduation Fee
10 00
Students who spend their summer vacation at the College are charged
extra..
35 00
Payments to be made invariably in Advance.
Class Books, Stationery, &c., furnished at Current Prices.
No expenditure for Clothing nor advances for Pocket Money will be made
by the Institution, unless an equivalent sum of money be deposited with the
Treasurer of the College.
6 Shirts,
Each Student on entering must be provided with.
6 Pocket Handkerchiefs,
3 Pairs Boots or Shoes,
2 Suits of Clothes for Winter,
2 66
66
(6
(6
66
6 Pairs Stockings,
6 Towels,
6 Napkins,
1 Hat,
1 Cap,
1 Overcoat,
1 Table Knife, 1 Fork, 1 Tea Spoon,
1 Table Spoon,
Combs, Brushes, &c., for Toilet.
The first Session begins on the first Tuesday of September,
the second on the first of February.
For further Particulars, address,
REV. W. CORBY, C. S. C., Pres't.
N. B. Express charges on parcels to the Students should be pre paid.

110
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
JACOB STRAYER'S PATENTS.
H
PATENT
JACOB
STRAYER'S
1861.
MAY
14
Of
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
Jing sig of lithone saline
PREMIUM GRAIN DRILL.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
111
STATESMAN

Premium Grain Drill
MANUFACTURED BY
JACOB STRAYER & CO.,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
We are now manufacturing the above celebrated Drill, with
eight and ten hoes, double rank, with grass seed sower and sur-
veyor, all warranted to sow wheat, rye, oats, barley, timothy and
clover seed, and to be quickly regulated to sow any quantity per
acre that may be desired.
This drill has taken many premiums at State and County Fairs,
and what is even better, has stood the test of experience for the
last seven years.
It has been several times improved since the
first Patent was issued, and now claims to be as near perfection
as any other article of Agricultural Machinery. The Drill is
ALL THAT FARMERS CAN WISH
Try one and you will have no reason to regret it. Drills are
delivered on board the cars at South Bend, free of charge.
Those desiring Drills should apply to our Agents, or write to
the Manufacturers in time. Delaying until seeding time may
result in being too late for the season.
For prices see our Agents, or write to the Manufacturers.
JACOB STRAYER & CO.
112
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.

SOUTH BEND
BILLIARD PARLOR
OVER KNOBLOCK & BUCHTEL'S STORE,


WASHINGTON ST.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
We have furnished the above Parlor with FOUR of
PHEFLAN & CALLENDER'S TABLES,
And fitted up for the comfort and quiet of visitors.
The best of Order will at all times be observed.
LOVERS OF THE GAME ARE INVITED TO GIVE US A CALL.
S. LEWIS & SON.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
113

மணி
STUDEBAKER BROS.,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
MANUFACTURE
EVERY STYLE OF BUGGIES,
INCLUDING
LIGHT BUGGIES,
HEAVY BUGGIES,
OPEN BUGGIES,
TOP BUGGIES.
Photographs sent on application by letter.
Buggies will be
manufactured to order in any desirable style. We have a full
force of hands specially engaged on this class of work.
Studebaker Brothers pay particular attention to all improve-
ments in this branch of their business, and do not permit any
improvements to escape their notice.
ALL WORK WARRANTED
To give full and perfect satisfaction.
Address, or call and see Studebaker Brothers, South Bend,
Ind., or at ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI.
C. STUDEBAKER.
P. E. STUDEBAKER.
J. M. STUDEBAKER
114
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
D. HATCH,
In the Rear of Shively's Building,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
Offers to the public generally, the advantages of
First Class Livery,
In all departments. The location is convenient, the stock and
carriages of the best kind and the prices reasonable. No pains
will be spared to give perfect satisfaction.
HORSES BOARDED and taken care of in the Best Manner.
Excellent accommodations and good facilities for those wishing
to sell or exchange horses. Cash paid for feed and hay.
ST. JOSEPH VALLEY
BILLIARD PARLORS.
FINCH & BROTHER, Proprietors,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
This Parlor, now located in the Third Story of the Washington
Building, corner of Washington and Main streets, will on the 1st
of November, 1867, be removed to a spacious room, on the ground
floor of the OPERA HOUSE, now building, on Washington
street, opposite the Court House. We shall put in five Tables
with Shulenburg & Co.'s new Patent Cushions, which are war-
ranted to us as superior to any other Tables in the world.
The St. Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors will be conducted on
strict temperance principles, and while we shall endeavor to
afford first class facilities for amusement to those who love the
noble game, we shall at all times, insist on the most perfect order
and give no favor to rowdyism or dissipation. We invite gentle-
ment to our Parlors and expect all who call to be such. The game
of billiards disgraces no one, and no one ought to disgrace it.
+
1
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
115

A. COQUILLARD,
LIVERY AND SALE STABLES,
Corner of Washington & Jefferson Sts.,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA,
Is prepared to furnish the public with Horses, Carriages, Buggies,
&c., at all times and of the most superior kind and quality. I
intend to give citizens and strangers perfect satisfaction.
Horses exchanged or sold to advantage, and on very reasonable
terms.
CASH PAID FOR HAY, GRAIN AND FEED.
The City Supply Store of Knoblock & Buchtel
can supply all articles needed in keeping house.
They sell more Goods than any other Grocery
House in the city. Flouring Mill and Bakery
in connection.
When you start out to buy go straight to Knoblock &
Buchtel's; and if you cannot go yourself, send your child
with the order and they will deal fairly, and deliver the Goods
without extra charge. They are also prepared to sell at
Wholesale.
The above are facts, and we challenge successful contra-
diction.
MANY CITIZENS,
Of South Bend and St. Joseph County.
116
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.

St. Joseph's Academy
SOUTH BEND, IND.
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
Sisters of the Holy Cross
This Institution is beautifully situated on a most eligible, ele-
vated and spacious lot, half way between the Court House and
the depot. The building has just been finished, at a cost of
nearly $20,000. The exterior elegance of the building, standing
in full view at the head of Wayne street, and the rare and excel-
lent taste with which the grounds are laid out, make it unques-
tionably one of the most conspicuous and attractive spots in the
city.
Here, as everywhere else, after ordinary difficulties and exer-
tions, the Sisters' School has become deservedly popular. The
class of pupils thronging their halls are, of course, in keeping
with their superior accommodations and the care bestowed upon
them. It is unnecessary to say that the internal arrangements are
all that can be desired for the comfort and advancement of young
ladies at school.
A few steps from the main building, and in a separate little cot-
tage, the Sisters have opened a minims school for young boys
under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a
want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender
age, if they go to school at all, are thronged into schools, among
boys of more advanced age, and they seldom learn much, except
what is detrimental to their manners and morals. Under the mild
government of the Sisters, who perform, in their regard, the duties
of the best mothers, their condition is far different. This every
parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude, therefore,
which parents must feel for their children at that age, will doubt-
less bring this department a liberal patronage.
Particular attention paid to teaching the French and German
languages. To accommodate a large number who desire to
obtain a perfect knowledge of German, arrangements have been
made for a native German teacher of elegant acquirements.
Terms are very moderate. Number of pupils attending the
Academy last term, one hundred and fifty-five.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
117
Choice White Winter Wheat Flour,
Choice Red Winter Wheat Flour,
Choice Graham Flour,
Choice Rye Flour,
Choice Buckwheat Flour,
Choice Corn Meal,
Choice Hominy,
Orders for any of the above shall receive our Best Atten-
tion. In our CUSTOM GRINDING we Warrant Entire Satis-
faction.
KNOBLOCK, ZEITLER & CO.
PROPRIETORS,
ST. JOSEPH CUSTOM MILLS,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
JOHNSTON'S NURSERY,
Devoted to the Culture of Small Fruits,
Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Grapes, &c.,
Particular attention paid to Selling Plants. New varieties always on hand.
Catalogues on application.
Washington Street, Near N. I. College, SOUTH BEND, IND.
T. G. TURNER,
Attorney & Counsellor at Law,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
CHAPIN & CUSHING,
DEALERS IN
FANCY & STAPLE DRY GOODS,
Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind.
118
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
DR. W. H. HANFORD,
DENTIST,
D. M. SHIVELY,
DEALER IN
STAPLE AND FANCY
All branches of the Business promptly DRY GOODS,
attended to in the most scientific
and artistic manner,
Office in Odd Fellows' Buildings,
Corner Washington and Main Steets,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
A. G. & W. F. CUSHING,
DRUGGISTS,
AND DEALERS IN
Paints, Oils, Glass, Etc.,
MICHIGAN STREET,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
ALEX, BERTRAND,
Bookseller, Stationer,
AND NEWS AGENT,
DEALER IN
Sheet Music and Fancy Goods,
WASHINGTON ST.,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
J. N. CORNING,
DEALER IN
Pine, Oak and Poplar
LUMBER,
LATH,
Pine and Poplar Shingles, &c.
Cor. MAIN & DIVISION STREETS,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
CARPETS IN GREAT VARIETY,
SHIVELY'S BLOCK,
Cor. Washington & Michigan Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
MISS FLORA L. TURNER,
TEACHER OF
VOCAL & INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
Anderson, King & Alexander,
WHEELS & WHEEL MATERIAL
MANUFACTURERS OF
FOR WAGONS, CARRIAGES
And Agricultural Machines,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
A liberal discount on large lots and to those
who buy to sell again.
VAN SICKLE'S
Fine Art Gallery
COLFAX'S STONE FRONT,

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
Beautiful Photographs, Ambrotypes,
Porcelain and Ivorytypes in every style
and variety. Photographs colored in
India ink, oil or water colors.
4
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
119
J. B. LOTT,
ED. GILLEN,
DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF
Barber & Hair Dresser, Liquors, Cigars and Fruits,
All Kinds of Perfumery for sale,
WASHINGTON ST.,
Over Knoblock's Store, South Bend, Ind.
FRANZ BAUER, JR.,
FRESH OYSTERS
At Wholesale and Retail,
Washington St., bet. Main & Michigan,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
C. W. MARTIN,
MANUFACTURER OF
Tobacco & Cigars HARNESSES, SADDLES,
Of best quality, in connection with
SALOON
Best of Liquors and Lager Beer,
WASHINGTON ST.,
Between Main and Michigan,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
MARTIN & SMITH,
Manufacturers of
BRIDLES, &c.
WHIPS, HALTERS, TRIMMINGS
And everything in his line for sale,
East side of Michigan Street,
Bet. Washington & Market,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JOHN H. KEEDY,
Manufacturer of Custom and Shipping
FLOUR,
FURNITURE, Ship Stuffs, Middlings, Bran, &c.,
OF ALL KINDS.
Orders will be Promptly Filled.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JAMES BONNEY'S
PHOTOGRAPHIC
GALLERY.
Pictures Finished in
Oil, Water Colors and India Ink.
Picture Frames, &c., for Sale,
S. W. corner Washington & Michigan Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
FOR SALE.
CASH PAID FOR WHEAT at ALL TIMES.
Office near cor. Michigan & Market Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
J. W. STOVER, M. D.,
RESIDENCE AND OFFICE:
East Side of Main, cor. Centre St.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
120
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
C. H. MIDDLETON,
DR. L. J. HAM,
DENTIST,
Office in Colfax Block,
Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind.
DR. CHAS. H. APPLEGATE,
Office with Dr. Middleton.
L. HITCHCOCK,
DEALER IN
GROCERIES, CROCKERY
Glass Ware, Fruits, Fish, Teas,
Wood, Stone & Willow Ware,
WASHINGTON ST.,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
OFFICE ON WASHINGTON ST.,
2d door west of Court House,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
SOUTH BEND
WOOLEN MILLS.
ALEXANDER C. STALEY.
Cash paid for Wool. Work Promptly Done.
ON THE EAST SIDE,
NEAR THE DAM.
DR. J. A. BURT,
HOMEOPATHIST,
OFFICE:
MICHIGAN ST., WEST SIDE,
STOCKFORD & KENT,
HOUSE, SIGN AND FANCY
PAINTING,
MAIN STREET,
Between Washington & Lafayette Sts., First Door North of the Methodist Church,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Dr. G. F. NEVIUS,
SOUTH BEND, IND,
YOUNG & MERRIMAN,
CONFECTIONERY AND
DENTIST, Ice Cream Saloon,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
OFFICE;
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in
FRUITS, OYSTERS,
SEGARS & TOBACCO,
WASHINGTON STREET,
Cor. Michigan & Washington Streets. Next door east of Odd Fellows' Block,
ALL WORK WARRANTED.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
121
CEO. HACEN,
A. B. CLIFFORD,
BILLIARD SALOON CITY BAKERY.
THREE FIRST CLASS TABLES,
LAGER BEER, WINE & CIGARS,
Of Best Quality.
Order and Sobriety always maintained,
MAIN STREET,
OPPOSITE ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA.
DR. S. F. MYERS,
GROCERIES,
Confectionery, Fruits, Notions, &c.
No. 3 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JOHN GALLAGHER,
PHYSICIAN & SURGEON MERCHANT TAILOR
OFFICE:
Corner Market and Michigan Streets,
Opposite the Bank,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
WILLIAM MILLER.
Keeps for sale all kinds of
LEATHER AT HIS TANNERY.
-AND-
AND CLOTHIER,
WASHINGTON STREET,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Garments cut and made to order. Fur-
nishing Goods for sale.
ALBERT MC DONALD,
Picture Gallery,
Portrait, Landscape, Architectural
-AND-
Flour, Meal & Feed at his Mill. SKY LIGHT PHOTOGRAPHS.
Cash paid for Hides, Bark, Wheat, &c.,
AT EITHER PLACE, IN
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JOHN TREANOR,
DRUGGIST,
DEALER IN
Paints, Oils & Groceries
ALSO,
All kinds of Frames. Large Work a
Speciality.¡
BARRETT'S BUILDING,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
A. B. WADE,
Pure Liquors and Patent Medicines Attorney at Law,
OF ALL KINDS.
WASHINGTON ST.,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
9
122
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
HARPER & MASSEY,
DEALERS IN
Dry Goods, Groceries,
CROCKERY, CARPETS, ET¤x
Cor. Washington & Main Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
C. G. HODSON,
CARPENTER & BUILDER,
FOOT OF WASHINGTON ST.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Jobbing done at Short Notice.
HUEY & CO.,
Wholesale Manufacturers of
WOOD AND CANE SEAT
CHAIRS
SOUTH BEND, IND.
HERTZELL & HARTMAN,
MANUFACTURERS OF
Sash, Doors and Blinds.
Planing & Sawing done to order.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
GEO. HERTZELL.
CHAS. HARTMAN.
L. HUMPHREYS, M. D.,
Physician and Surgeon,
OFFICE OVER EAGLE STORE,
WASHINGTON STREET,
SOUTH BEND,
- INDIANA.
GEO. A. HOWE,
DENTIST,
OFFICE ON MICHIGAN ST.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
J. B. ARNOLD, JR.,
Attorney at Law
AND REAL ESTATE AGENT,
Cor. Washington & Main Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
CHARLES VINSON,
BUTCHER,
AND DEALER IN
Cattle, Sheep and Hogs,
WASHINGTON ST.,
Between Main and Michigan,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
123
J. BROWNFIELD,
DEALER IN
H. J. BLOWNEY,
DEALER IN
DRY GOODS, Paints, Oils, Varnishes,
Groceries, Crockery, Salt,
PLASTER, WOOL, &c.
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
EDDY & HENDERSON,
WINDOW GLASS, ETC,
MAIN STREET,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
All kinds of Painting executed to order.
MUSSEL BROS.,
DEALERS IN
ATTORNEYS AT LAW GROCERIES
No. 5 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
NORMAN EDDY.
CIGARS & TOBACCO,
CROCKERY & GLASS WARE,
No. 2 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JOSEPH HENDERSON,
G. C. MUSSEL.
J. M. MUSSEL.
DUNN & CO.,
DEALERS IN
STAPLE AND FANCY
Dry Goods,
MICHIGAN STREET,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
J. H. DUNN. H. G. VAN TUYL. H. 8. STANFIELD.
RANDOLPH LABERDIE,
DEALER IN
Watches, Clocks
AND JEWELRY,
Also, in all kinds of
EDWARD BUYSSE,
DEALER IN
Watches, Clocks
AND JEWELRY,
ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Repairing done in superior style and warranted.
THE NORTHWESTERN “EXCELSIOR ”
MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
FULSOM, ILSLEY & CO.,
Will supply the trade with fine, coarse
and medium
EXCELSIOR
For Upholstering, Mattresses, and for
Fancy Goods & Toys, manufacturing Paper. Also for pack-
SOUTH BEND, IND.
ing merchandise.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
124
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
F. R. TUTT.
W. N. SEVERANCE.
TUTT & SEVERANCE,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Claim, Real Estate & Insurance Agents,
Office No. 4 Odd Fellows' Block, Cor. Main & Washington Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
W. N. SEVERANCE, NOTARY PUBLIC.
JACOB HARDMAN,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE,
OFFICE NORTH END OF ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
UP STAIRS,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
JAMES DAVIS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
OFFICE No. 8 ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING,
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA.
THOS. 8. STANFIELD.
ED. P. STANFIELD.
STANFIELD & STANFIELD,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Old Office of Stanfield & Anderson, Lafayette Street,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
125

BAKER
OLIVER, BISSELL & CO.,
South Bend,
Indiana,
Are prepared to Manufacture all kinds of
MACHINERY CASTINGS,
PULLIES,
HANGERS,
SHAFTING, &c.
Also, Manufactured and always on hand,
Steel & Cast Iron Plows,
OF THE MOST APPROVED PATTERNS,
SINGLE & DOUBLE SHOVEL PLOWS,
SCRAPERS,
Plow Castings, Plow Points,
And generally everything in the Casting Line.
Our patterns are mostly new and of the latest styles. Patterns
made for any desired castings. We pay personal attention to our
business, and having had long experience, expect to be able to
give the most perfect satisfaction. Call on or address
OLIVER, BISSELL & CO.
SOUTH BEND, Ind.
126
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
THE GREAT
CARRIAGE & WAGON FACTORY
At South Bend, Indiana.
STUDEBAKER BROS.
The Arrangements for 1867 and 1868 are Complete.
Founded in 1852 with willing hands and stout hearts, but no
capital. We have struggled upward, overcoming all discourage-
ments, until to-day we employ
One Hundred and Thirty Hands,
And turn out MORE WORK than any other Wagon Factory in
Indiana. We are willing to abide by the injunction "by their
works ye shall know them." Let our works praise us; we ask no
other indorsement. We claim to be
Unsurpassed in excellence of Workmanship and Material,
And we make our prices such that no prudent man will claim to
undersell us. On this base we plant our flag, and here we propose
to fight to the end. Confident of our ability we declare to all
men that we will not surrender while a "shot remains in the
locker," nor while we have the means to justify our proposed end,
which we assert to be
ENTIRE AND UNCONDITIONAL SUCCESS.
Our reputation, our interests, "all we are and all hope to be,"
are involved in making good our pledges, and all we ask is that
the public will give us a trial. If we are able, as we know we
are, to maintain ourselves agains all opposition, we will vindicate
our motto,
"LABOR OMNIA VINCIT.”
Our stock is complete and perfect. Wagons, Carriages, Bug-
gies, Sleighs, and all vehicles always on hand in great variety, or
made to order with dispatch.
WORK FULLY WARRANTED.
STUDEBAKER BROTHERS.
SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
127
THE SOUTH BEND HYDRAULIC COMPANY.
This Company has recently greatly Improved the
Race on the East Side of the St. Joseph River,
at the city of South Bend, and have put in New and Substantial
Head-Gates, One Hundred feet Wide. Although the Power here
is not as yet developed to its full capacity, there is sufficient now
available for several large manufacturing establishments in addi-
tion to those already in operation. The location is most excellent.
The lots are large, and water abundant. A portion of this Power
the Company propose to Lease or Sell to persons who wish to pro-
ceed with the erection of factories.
The Company has, by purchase, the right to use and draw
One-Half of the Water of the River,
which is sufficient to supply a large number of establishments
with cheap and durable power.
We extract from a recent report of R. Rose, Esq., Civil Engin-
eer, who has made careful measurements and surveys of the
capacity of the river, the following statements:
"The present stage of water, (April 19th, 1866,) gives eleven thousand one
hundred and fifty-seven gross horse power, the medium stage of water gives
eight thousand five hundred and one gross horse power, and low stage of wa-
ter, three feet below the present water surface, gives six thousand six hundred
and thirty-five gross horse power. One-half of the latter power gives to the
east side of river, three thousand three hundred and seventeen and a half gross
horse power.
"With the present state of development of the above power, I know of no
place in the North-West which affords so favorable an opportunity for creat-
ing a great water-power, at such inconsiderable expense.
Attention is directed to the class of factories and branches of
business that could be advantageously pursued here. A paper
mill could not fail to be a good investment. Our proximity to the
Chicago and western markets, the abundance of material, (thou-
sands of tons of straw being annually burnt and destroyed in the
county,) and the cheapness of living, are inducements that cannot
be ignored.
An edge tool factory, a large woolen factory, furniture factories,
wagon factories, would all find a desirable location and a good
market for all their products.
We would invite the attention of capitalists, East and West, to
the importance, cheapness, aud the superior advantages of this
water-power.
Further information will be given upon application to the
"SOUTH BEND HYDRAULIC COMPANY."
Reference is made to Hon. Thomas S. Stanfield, and W. G. George, Esq.,
South Bend, who are well acquainted with all the advantages presented by
these superior mill sites.
See page 60, Turner's Gazetteer of the St. Joseph Valley.
128
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY,
PEAT AND FARM LANDS,
ALSO
FINE DAIRY FARMS
FOR SALE!
Lying in St. Joseph County, Indiana, 800 acres of First Quality
Peat Lands; 3,600 acres of Rich Land, about 600 acres of which,
is Choice Timber; 1,500 acres of Fine Prairie, and 1,500 acres
Rich Bottom Lands, and can be advantageously divided into
farms of from 200 to 500 acres each. The bottom land will yield
annually, 3,000 tons of Hay, of good quality. The Prairie and
Wood land can be used for
PASTURE AND PLOUGH LANDS,
and will furnish good rail and building timber, with shade and
shelter for the stock. The whole is enclosed into eight large
fields-has an abundant supply of pure water, with good building
sites; and being in a healthy and well settled neighborhood, is
every way adapted for the
Dairy and Stock Business.
Also about 3,000 acres of Oak, Hickory, Maple, Beach and Larch
Timber Lands. The timber is of large growth and good quality.
Also,
A VALUABLE WATER PRIVILEGE
Of 150 horse power, with land sufficient for the buildings, say,
from 50 to 200 acres, or more, if required. All of the above lands
are well located, have a rich soil, being well watered, and are ex-
cellent for farming purposes.
The whole, or any part of the above,
WILL BE SOLD VERY LOW,
And on easy terms of Payment.
Enquire of
ISAAC ESMAY,
At the Court House, in South Bend.
MISHAWAKA, INDIANA.
The Post Office is on Vistula Street, west of Main. Col.
Newton Bingham is Postmaster.
TOWN OFFICERS.
Marshal-Henry Cooper.
Clerk-Wm. H. Judkins.
Treasurer-Frank Bingham.
Trustees-1st Ward: W. Judkins.
2d Ward Joseph Warden.
3d Ward: Joseph Whitson.
4th Ward: H. Milburn.
5th Ward: A. H. Long.
6th Ward: Henry Hane.
CHURCHES IN MISHAWAKA.
Methodist Episcopal-Corner of Vistula and Church streets.
Rev. R. H. Sparks, pastor.
Presbyterian-Corner of Vistula and Mill. streets. Rev. E.
Scofield, pastor.
Christian Chapel-Vistula, between Mill and Spring streets.
Rev. Elder Ira Chase, in charge.
Episcopal-Spring, between First and Second streets. Rev.
R. Brass, pastor.
Catholic-Third, between Mill and Spring streets.
German Evangelical-Third, between Main and Mill streets.
Rev. P. Wagner, pastor.
Lutheran-Front, between Main and Church streets. Rev. G.
Schuster, pastor.
Evangelical Association-Barbee's Addition. Rev. Mr. Herdel,
pastor.
130
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
The Masonic Organizations in Mishawaka, with their present
officers, are as follows:
MISHAWAKA LODGE No. 103.
W. M.-Henry G. Niles.
S. W.-John T. Kellogg.
J. W.-Newton Bingham.
Treas.-J. H. Whitson.
Secy.-J. O. Evans.
S. D.-Thomas Pates.
J. D.-E. R. Huntsinger.
Tyler-H. H. Fraats.
MISHAWAKA COUNCIL No. 19.
T. J. M.-George Milburn, Senior.
Dept. T. J. M.-J. H. Whitson.
C. S. W.-J. T. Kellogg.
C. G.-Thomas Pates.
Recorder.-J. O. Evans.
Treasurer.-J. D. Milburn.
Sentinel.-George Hess.
ODD FELLOWS.
MONITOR LODGE No. 286.
N. G.-James Easton.
V. G.-Thomas S. Long.
Secy. Washington Gibson.
Treas.-A. H. Long.
YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
President-J. S. Ball.
Vice President-H. H. Judson.
66
66 -Mrs. Jenny Honser.
Cor. Secretary-L. F. Cole.
Rec. Secretary-Miss K. E. Merrifield.
Treasurer-Tabor Ham.
Librarian-Miss R. E. Grimes.
MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
131
GEO. MILBURN & CO.,
Manufacturers of all kinds of
FARM AND SPRING
WAGONS,

Mishawaka, .
Indiana.
Sensible of the universal tendency to anti-war prices, it has
been and shall be our endeavor to touch the lowest possible
point which economy in production, coupled with a per-
fect article, will permit. Our aim is to allow no one
to surpass us in the quality of our work, and to
sustain that reputation which the public
have hitherto generously awarded us,
as manufacturers of
MODEL WAGONS.


To this end we use none but
SELECTED AND WELL SEASONED TIMBER,
AND THE
BEST OF IRON,
And our workmen are mostly those who have for years labored
with and for us to build up the large business which we now con-
duct. All our machinery is driven by power furnished by the
beautiful
ST. JOSEPH RIVER,
The best, cheapest and most desirable motive power in the West.
Whatever intelligence, industry and application can accomplish
may be relied on by our correspondents and customers, as we are
determined not to be surpassed in any market, either in
QUALITY OR ECONOMY OF PRICES.
We have Depositories at KANSAS CITY and NEW ORLEANS.
Address at Kansas City, MAC. B. GRAHAM.
New Orleans, BUSBY, LITTLE & CO.
132
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
H. B. & L. W. MARTIN,
WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN
ALL KINDS OF BLACK WALNUT AND MAPLE
BEDSTE ADS,
Wood and Cane Seat Chairs, Bureaus,
STANDS,

AND OTHER FURNITURE,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
Seasoned Lumber of the choicest kind only used. Immediate
attention paid to filling orders.
CASH PAID FOR WALNUT, MAPLE AND POPLAR LUMBER.
BLESS, KENA & CO.,
Wholesale Manufacturers of all kinds of
FURNITURE,
INCLUDING
BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, SOFAS, CHAIRS,
First Class Chamber Setts, Looking Glass Frames,
PILLAR EXTENSION TABLES, CENTRE TABLES, ETC.
ALL OF THE LATEST PATTERNS,
MISHAWAKA, INDIANA.
All Furniture made from the best seasoned lumber and warranted.
Cash paid for Black Walnut, Cherry, Maple and
Poplar Lumber.
MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
133
JUDSON, MONTGOMERY & CO.,
WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF
..
BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS,
STANDS, CENTRE TABLES,
Plain and Fancy Pillared Extension Tables,
CHAMBER SETS,
And generally all kinds of Walnut, Oak, Cherry and Ash
Household Furniture.
Mishawaka, Indiana.
ALSO,
OFFICE DESKS, BOOK CASES AND SECRETARIES,
In great variety.
We use no materials except of the very best quality and our
lumber is all thoroughly seasoned.
Information given in relation to prices and any other matter
connected with our business, on application by letter or otherwise.
Ours is much the
LARGEST FURNITURE MANUFACTORY IN INDIANA,
Which is a fact suggestive of our ability to do
GOOD WORK AT VERY LOW PRICES.

134
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
THE
MISHAWAKA ENTERPRISE
Is published at Mishawaka, Indiana, in the Enterprise Building,
Opposite Town Hall, every Saturday, at
ear in Advance
Two Dollars Per Year in Advance.
It circulates extensively in every part of St. Joseph and adjoin-
ing counties, and is one of the best mediums of advertising in this
section of the country. It aims to be a first-class paper, and its
subscription list is constantly increasing.
JOB PRINTING.M
In connection with the newspaper office, is a first-class
del hun
૧૫૪)
JOB PINTING OFFICE,
Lately supplied with the recent styles of type, with good presses,
and conducted by competent workmen. We do not, therefore,
hesitate to say that we can do all kinds of work as neatly, and as
cheaply as any other office in the west.
HANDBILLS, CARDS, CIRCULARS,
BILL HEADS, BLANKS,
And generally, all kinds of printing done on short notice.
Try us once, and you will try us again.
N. V. BROWER, Proprietor.
MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
135
ST. JOSEPH


IRON COMPANY,
MISHAWAKA,
ST. JOSEPH CO.,
INDIANA.

CLIPPER
ST. JOSIRON COMISHAWAKA IND
-BAKER-CHICAGO
Manufacturers of the Celebrated Mishawaka Silver Steel
Hardened
PLOWS,
SHOVEL PLOWS,
CULTIVATORS, &c.
We also manufacture a large variety of Cast Iron Plows, includ-
ing the Curtis Iron Beam.
Extras constantly on hand.
Castings and Machinery of all kinds made to order. We have
the largest collection of patterns in Northern Indiana, and our
facilities for manufacturing are unsurpassed.
The St. Joseph Iron Company's Store is at all times filled
with all sorts of
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, &C.,
Which will be sold at the lowest prices compatible with
QUICK SALES AND SMALL PROFITS.
We hold ourselves responsible for this statement:
WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD!!
136
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
DODGE & MILBURN,
DEALERS IN
SHELF & HEAVY HARDWARE,
STOVES & TIN-WARE, WOODEN-WARE, DOORS, SASH,
And All Kinds of SAWS.
Mishawaka,
Indiana.
A. B. JUDSON & SON,
DEALERS IN
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES,
China, Glass and Queensware, Carpets, Floor and Oil C'oths,
BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS AND FURS.
Manufacturers and Dealers in READY-MADE CLOTHING.
Mishawaka, Indiana.
A. HUDSON & CO.,
BOOTS AND SHOES,
Ready-Made, and Made to Order,
IN THE BEST MANNER, AND WARRANTED,
Vistula Street,
Mishawaka, Ind.
Joseph Heiser,
BARBER AND HAIR DRESSER,
OVER MILBURN'S STORE,
MISHAWAKA,
INDIANA.
P. G. PERKINS,
MANUFACTURER OF
AXES AND EDGE TOOLS,
Especial attention given to
MILL PICKS AND SHINGLE KNIVES,
MISHAWAKA,
INDIANA.
MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
137
A. B. JUDSON & CO.,
MISHAWAKA MILLS,
ALL WORK WARRANTED.
CASH PAID FOR WHEAT.
MISHAWAKA, IND.
GEORGE H. SISSON,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, CONVEYANCER, &c.
Mishawaka,
Indiana.
Collections promptly attended to,
McLAFFERTY & VAN DEUSEN,
DEALERS IN
Drugs, Chemicals, Paints, Oils,
GLASS AND DYE STUFFS,
MISHAWAKA,
INDIANA,
MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MILLS.
PALMER & WARDEN.
MACHINERY NEW AND IN PERFECT ORDER. CASH FOR WOOL.
MISHAWAKA, IND.
Loshbough & Costello,
WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF
BLACK WALNUT, POPLAR AND SCREW RAIL
BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS,
EXTENSION TABLES, WASHSTANDS, CRIBS, ETC.,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
10
138
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
W. J. THORNDYKE & CO.,
MANUFACTURERS OF
WHITE OAK BASKETS,
Orders Solicited and Promptly Filled. Work Warranted.
MISHAWAKA, IND.
FR. POPPENDICK,
BREWER,
SUPERIOR LAGER BEER AT WHOLESALE,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
BINGHAM & HUDSON,
DEALERS IN
Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots, Shoes
Ready-Made Clothing, Crockery, Glass Ware, &c.,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
J. H. EBERHART & CO.,
GROCERS
And Dealers in all kinds of Household Supplies,
MAIN, BELOW VISTULA STREET,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
ELIJAH TAYLOR,
Justice of the Peace, Collector & Conveyancer,
WEST SIDE-MAIN, BELOW VISTULA STREET,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
139
NOTTAGE & BALL,
MANUFACTURERS OF
DOUBLE STEEL AXES,
[TRUE MISHAWAKA PATTERN,]
Shingle Knives, Broad Axes, Sledges, Stone Hammers, Mill Picks, &c.
MISHAWAKA, IND.
CLARK & WHITSON,
DEALERS IN
STAPLE & FANCY DRY GOODS,
FAMILY GROCERIES,
Boots & Shoes, Crockery & Glass Ware, Hats & Caps,
READY-MADE CLOTHING AND CLOTHING MADE TO ORDER,
CORNER MAIN AND VISTULA STREETS,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
RIPPLE MILLS.
A. CASS & CO.
Custom Work promptly done and Warranted. Highest Market Price for Wheat.
Foot of Main Street, Mishawaka, Ind.
EXCHANGE, BANKING AND COLLECTION HOUSE.
A. B. JUDSON & SON,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
T. S. COWLES,

Attorney at Law, Notary Public,
COLLECTOR AND CONVEYANCER,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
140
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.

WAGONS!
Farm Wagons, Spring Wagons.
BOND-CHANDLER.ENG.CHI.
GEORGE MILBURN & CO.,
PROPRIETORS OF THE GREAT WATER-POWER
Wagon Manufactory,
AT MISAWAKA, IND.,
Offer at greatly REDUCED PRICES, at wholesale or retail, a
great variety of their celebrated Wagons, all of which, in
every particular, are FULLY WARRANTED. The sys-
tem to which we have reduced our business, the su-
perior quality of the material at our command,
the excellence of the mechanical ability in
our employment, together with a long
experience are grounds for the


assurance that
The Quality of our Work shall not be Surpassed,
And that while realizing a reasonable profit, we WILL NOT BE
UNDERSOLD. We have studied the requirements of the public
and are determined to meet all demands.
We have always on hand at our depositories at Mishawaka,
Kansas City and New Orleans, great numbers and all varieties of
Wagons, which buyers are invited to examine.
Address George Milburn & Co., Mishawaka, Ind.
(6
Mac B. Graham, Kansas City, Mo.
Busby, Little & Co., New Orleans, La.
ELKHART, INDIANA.
}
R. K. Brush is Postmaster at Elkhart. A new Post Office is
soon to be built, almost exactly like the one at South Bend.
TOWN OFFICERS.
Marshal-Geo. M. Colburn.
Clerk-S. E. Smith.
Treasurer-S. Maxon.
Assessor-Albert Burns.
Attorney-Hon. M. F. Shuey.
Trustees A. M. Tucker.
C. Beardsley.
C. J. Gillett.
CHURCHES IN ELKHART.
Episcopal-Conley's Hall. Rev. Mr. Averill, pastor.
Baptist-Pigeon street. Rev. Mr. Russell, pastor.
Presbyterian-Corner High and Second streets. Rev. J. W.
Fowler, pastor.
Methodist-Second, between High and Franklin streets. Rev.
Mr. Lacey, pastor.
Lutheran Conley's Hall. Rev. R. F. Delo, pastor.
Spiritualists-City Hall.
German Methodist.
142
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
}
MASONIC ORGANIZATIONS.
KANE LODGE No. 183.
W. M.-O. H. Main.
S. W.-J. R. Tallerday.
J. W.-Lan. C. Patrick.
Treas.-Jac. Arisman.
Secy.-B. Tumock.
W. M.-Uri Case.
EAGLE LODGE, U. D.
S. W.-Dr. C. S. Frink.
J. W.-Milton Miller.
Secy.-A. M. Tucker.
Treas.-C. North.
ODD FELLOWS.
N. G.-Jesse Rnsh.
V. G.-C. H. Chase.
Perm❜t Secy.-M. Truby.
Term Secy.-J. Boster.
Treas.-H. Neal.
ELKHART ADVERTISEMENTS.
143
R. STODDARD GEE.
CHAS. W. GEE.
R. STODDARD GEE & SON,
Dealers in

PIANO FORTES "
Cabinet Organs, Melodeons, Violins, Guitars, Flutes,
ACCORDEONS, SHEET MUSIC,
And All Kinds of MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.
ALSO,
CLOAK AND DRESS MAKING,
MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS.
Agricultural Block, Corner of Main and High Streets. Four
doors south of Conley's Hall.
P. O. Box 517.
ELKHART, IND.
·
R. STODDARD GEE & SON,
Having located in this place for the purpose of carrying on a general music
business, offer rare inducements to those who may favor us with their patron-
age. We offer to the lovers of music the celebrated MATT PIANO, which,
with its modern (patented) improvements, the beauty and style of workman-
ship, the smoothness and uniformity of tone; the blending of sounds, the ad-
vantages derived from the Dialutic Sounding Board, all combine to make
them a superior instrument, to any other ever offered to the public, for the
same amount of money.
Being in connection with L. J. Hoeffner, Esq., so long and favorably known
as a Piano tuner and repairer, we keep all pianos we sell in perfect tune, for
one year, free of charge.
We buy for CASH, and are the only agents in Ohio or Indiana who can buy
these instruments direct from the factory, (all reports to the contrary being
incorrect), giving us facilities for offering a better piano, and for less money,
than any other agent.
SECOND-HAND PIANOS and Melodeons taken in part pay-
ment for new instruments.
PIANOS TO RENT, and if purchased in four months, the rent
to apply on the purchase.
MELODEONS TO RENT.
Millinery, Dress and Cloak Making done with neatness and dis-
patch by workmen from Chicago.
144
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
MABLEY & BROTHER,
DEALERS IN
READY-MADE

CLOTHING,
OF ALL QUALITIES, STYLES AND PRICES,
HATS, CAPS, AND GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS
Of all kinds. We have also, always on hand, a large stock of
Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, &c.,
Of the most Fashionable Styles and suited to the season, which
will be made to Order, in a Superior Manner and warranted to fit.
We have come to Elkhart to stay; and, if First-Class Goods, Low
Prices, and Fair Dealing are desirable, we expect to make our
business mutually beneficial to ourselves and the public. Give us
a call and see. Remember,
"THE NEW YORK CLOTHING STORE,”
ELKHART, IND.
C. B. MANN & CO.,
Dealers in
STAPLE & FANCY DRY GOODS,
GROCERIES, ETC.,
ELKHART, IND.
Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, Silks; all kinds of Ladies' Dress
Goods, Hoops, Skirts, Muslins, Sheetings, and generally,
a Full Assortment of the
MOST FASHIONABLE GOODS,
Selected with great care, and to be sold at
VERY LOW PRICES.
Indeed, our determination is to
GIVE PERFECT SATISFACTION AND NEVER BE UNDERSOLD.
ELKHART ADVERTISEMENTS.
145
RAYMOND & KIBBE,
DRUGGISTS,

AND DEALERS IN
Paints, Oils, Glass, Confectionery, Perfumery,
GROCERIES, PURE LIQUORS, ETC.
ELKHART, IND.
C. BEARDSLEY,
MANUFACTURER OF AND DEALER IN
PRINTING & WRAPPING PAPER
All Orders promptly attended to.
Cash paid for rags.
ELKHART, IND.
S. M. CUMMINS,
DENTIST
Office over Bucklen's Drug Store, Opposite Clifton House,
ELKHART, IND.
DR. D. H. RUNYAN,
HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN,
OFFICE: MAIN STREET, Opposite Bank,
ELKHART, IND.
0. H. MAIN,
Attorney at Law, Notary Public,
GENERAL CONVEYANCER, ETC.,
Licensed to practice in all the Courts of the State,
ELKHART, IND.
CLIFTON HOUSE.
B. F. BROWN, Proprietor,
FIRST CLASS HOTEL IN EVERY RESPECT.
Elkhart, Ind.
146
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
A. E. FABER,
SALOON, RESTAURANT and BILLIARDS,
MAIN STREET, Seven Doors South of Clifton House,
ELKHART, IND.
ISAAC BUCKLEN,
DEALER IN
Drugs and Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass,
DYE STUFFS, ETC., ETC.,
ELKHART, IND.
Physicians' Prescriptions Carefully Prepared.
ELKHART MARBLE WORKS
D. M. & N. P. DOTY,
MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN
Tombstones, Monuments and Building Stone,
ELKHART, IND.
JOHN T. LANMAN,
DRUGGIST,
AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF
Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass, Dye Stuffs, Confectionery, &c.,
ELKHART, IND.
Railroad Eating House & Hotel.
PATRICK & SON, Proprietors,
ELKHART, IND.
ALL TRAINS STOP HERE FOR MEALS.
GOSHEN, INDIANA.
William L. Bivins is Postmaster at Goshen.
ELKHART COUNTY OFFICERS.
Auditor-E. W. H. Ellis.
Treasurer-Wm. H. Venamon.
Clerk-E. J. Wood.
Recorder-B. C. Dodge.
Sheriff-E. R. Kerstetter.
Commissioners-Nathaniel Thompson.
John E. Thompson.
Jacob Bechtel.
CORPORATION OFFICERS.
Trustees-Allen Smith, Wm. A. Barnes, Charles F. Butterfield,
Daniel Haberstich, A. H. Blake.
Clerk-E. G. Chamberlain.
Treasurer-Joseph Lauferty.
Assessor-Moses Simmons.
Marshal Samuel Trump.
CHURCHES IN GOSHEN.
Methodist-Main street. Rev. Geo. Newton, pastor.
Presbyterian-Market street. Rev. H. L. Van Nuys, pastor.
Baptist-Washington street. Rev. A. M. Buck, pastor.
Lutheran-Fifth street.
Rev. John Weaver, pastor.
German Methodist-Fifth street.
Catholic-Madison street. Rev. M. Stores.
Episcopal-Market street.
148
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
The Masonic Organizations in Goshen are as follows:
GOSHEN LODGE No. 12.
W. M.-George W. Gibbon.
S. W.-Milo S. Hascall.
J. W.-Charles Perkins.
Treas.-C. F. Butterfield.
Secy.-E. G. Chamberlain.
FRAVEL LODGE No. 306.
W. M.-Henry Miltenberger.
S. W.-Henry Warren.
J. W.-A. H. Elwood.
Treas.-W. H. Thomas.
Secy.-H. J. Bierly.
GOSHEN CHAPTER No. 45.
High Priest.-John Ginter.
King.-Chas. F. Butterfield.
Scribe.-David Darr.
Capt. of H.-C. E. Lawrence.
P. S.-E. J. Wood.
Treas.-James Lauferty.
Secy.-E. G. Chamberlain.
ODD FELLOWS' ORGANIZATION.
ELKHART COUNTY LODGE No. 34.
N. G.-D. M. Clymer.
V. G.-John Scroggs.
Perm't. Secy.-Daniel Fravel.
Rec. Sec.-Ira Nash.
Treas.-John S. Freeman.
ENCAMPMENT No. 7.
Ch. Patriarch.-John S. Freeman.
High Priest.-D. M. Clymer.
Senr. Warden.-Hezekiah Crowell.
Secy.-J. D. Arnold.
Treas.-Wm. L. Bivans.
GOSHEN ADVERTISEMENTS.
149
Established in 1837.
The Oldest Paper in Northern Indiana.
The Goshen Democrat

IS PUBLISHED AT
GOSHEN, INDIANA,
Every Wednesday morning. It has the LARGEST CIRCULA-
TION of any paper in the county of Elkhart, and affords
superior advantages to advertisers. Terms for ad-
vertising reasonable. Terms of subscription,
$2.50 per annum, invariably in advance.
JOB PRINTING,
Of all kinds neatly and promptly done. Address
HERB. S. FASSETT, Publisher.
Bristol Steam Flouring Mills
With Four Runs of Stones, Engine, Boiler and Machinery,
ALL COMPLETE,
FOR SALE CHEAP.
One-fourth cash, balance in three annual instalments. Address
E. W. H. ELLIS, Goshen, Iād.
M. B. HASCALL.
C. B. ALDERMAN.
HASCALL & ALDERMAN,
DEALERS IN
Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Groceries,
BOOTS & SHOES, HATS & CAPS, CROCKERY, CARPETS, &c.,
At the Old Stand, corner Main & Market Sts., GOSHEN, IND.
L. A. MARSHALL & CO.,
WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
Foreign and Domestic Wines, Liquors & Cigars,
And Manufacturers of Caldwell's Herb Bitters,
Main Street, GOSHEN, IND.
150
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
GREAT


Hydraulic Power
-AT-
GOSHEN, INDIANA!
:
The water-power at this point is created by damming the Elkhart river, one
mile south of the corporate limits of the town, and conveying the water by a
CAPACIOUS CANAL,
One Hundred feet in width, to the heart of the town, where it is emptied into
the original channel,
WITH A FALL OF TWENTY FEET,
Furnishing power equal to one hundred and fifty run of stones. The loca-
tion for mills and manufactories, for the extent of half a mile along the canal,
are unsurpassed for convenience and safety. The work will be completed
early in the spring of 1868, at a total cost of nearly one hundred thousand
dollars, and meanwhile, the public are invited to examine the locations and
facilities for business.
Goshen, the County Seat of Elkhart County, is situated near its geograph-
ical center, at the foot of Elkhart prairie, on the air line of the Michigan South-
ern railroad, and is surrounded by an agricultural region of unrivaled wealth
and fertility. Its present population is 3,200, and it is rapidly increasing in
wealth and numbers. On the west side of town commences the great timber
region, comprising more than one hundred square miles of choice timber,
such as Black Walnut, Poplar, Oak, Cherry, Basswood, Elm, Ash and Hick-
ory. More than one million feet of Walnut lumber is shipped from the
station annually.
Provision is already made for the erection of two large flouring mills, a fur-
niture manufactory and wagon shop, and the location offers great inducements
for the establisment of other manufactories, such as a paper mill, woolen
manufactory, carding machines, an oil mill, a chair factory, iron foundries,
cotton and flax mills, and various other manufactories of wood an iron.
The company own extensive
Grounds which will be Sold or Leased with the Power.
The water will be placed at a very low rental during the first season.
The officers of the Company are Milton Mercer, President; E. W. H. Ellis,
Secretary and Treasurer; Adam Yeakel, M. M. Latta, Cephas Hawks, and
John Stauff, Directors; any one of whom may be addressed on the subject.
Goshen, Indiana, August, 1867.
BRISTOL ADVERTISEMENTS.
151
BRISTOL
HYDRAULIC COMPANY,
Bristol, Elkhart County, Indiana.
CAPITAL STOCK,
$50,000.
President, Wm. Palin; Treasurer, Wm. Caldwell; Secretary, Chas. W.
Wilcox; Directors, Wm. Palin, Wm. Caldwell, Solomon Fowler, Wm. J.
Hall, Simon Pickel.
ses.
This Company was organized July 17, 1867, for the purpose of improving
the water-power on the St. Joseph river, at Bristol, for manufacturing purpo-
The head-race of this improvement will be 1,900 feet long, on each side
of which will be convenient tail races, fifty feet wide on the bottom, and
nearly as low as the bed of the river. The river, at the place selected for a
dam, is about two hundred and fifty feet in width at the surface, and averaging
eight feet in depth. Between the head and tail races are building lots, vary-
ing from fifty to one hundred feet front, and from seventy-five to one hundred
and fifty feet in depth. The great head race is one hundred and fifty feet
wide on the bottom, with five feet in depth of water. The head gates have a
clear water way of six hundred square feet. There will be an available fall
of about six feet, with ample grounds for the proper display of the power.
There is a front on the main race of nearly two thousand six hundred lineal
feet. There will be ample preparation made for the lockage and passage of
steamboats through the main race.
The head race, which at the top water line will be one hundred and seventy
feet wide, together with a road way on each side thereof, of thirty-five feet in
width, will make a clear space of two hundred and forty feet between the
manufacturing establishments when erected, thus securing all from the usual
risk from fire. The dam is to be three hundred feet long, and the abutments
to the same and the head gates, will be of massive stone masonry, and well
laid in hydraulic lime.
The entire cost of the work when completed, will not fall short of forty-five
thousand dollars. At the present stage of the river, which is its minimum,
the discharge of water is not less than two hundred thousand cubic feet per
minute, which will give to the Company, upon wheels properly constructed,
a power more than sufficient to drive three hundred mill stones as usually es-
timated. Three years out of five, the river discharges a much greater quan-
tity of water per minute than is stated above. This fact shows the actual
power to be much greater than the estimate given, but it is thought to be
safest to take the minimum discharge as the basis.
If the Company should hereafter desire to increase their power to double that which they
now have, it can be done at a comparatively small cost-probably for one-third the sum now
estimated. Everything will be so constructed as to require, hereafter, no alteration or addi-
tion, should it be necessary to bring into requisition more power by adding to the work al-
ready done.
The entire work will be completed in a few months, all, probably, with the exception of the
dam, before the first of December, 1867. The Company will guarantee to have the power
ready for use as soon as persons desiring water power, can have their establishments ready
for the water. Plats of the entire work, will be ready for distribution in a short time, and
those desiring a location for any manufacturing purpose, can be accommodated with a lot
eligibly situated, with water power, on fair terms.
This great hydraulic improvement is located on the line of the M. 8. & N. I. railroads, nearly
midway between Toledo and Chicago. The site is beautiful, safe, and easily improved. It
is in the midst of a healthy and fine agricultural region, possessing all the advantages of a
large town, good markets, and cheap living. Address the President, Secretary, or any of the
Directors, or call on them, at Bristol, Elkhart County, Indiana.
152
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SAMUEL B. ROMAINE,
Broker, Claim & Insurance Agent
PRODUCE AND LUMBER DEALER,
BRISTOL, IND.
SOLOMON FOWLER,
DEALER IN PRODUCE,
CASH PAID FOR WHEAT AND CORN,
WM. C. BIRCH.
BRISTOL, IND.
BIRCH & AITKEN,
DEALERS IN
ANDREW AITKEN.
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, CROCKERY,
Hardware, Notions, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, &c.,
BRISTOL, IND.
Highest Price Paid for Country Produce. I
W. PROBASCO,
DEALER IN
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE,
CROCKERY, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS,
AND IN ALL KINDS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE,
Bristol, Indiana.
BRISTOL HOUSE,
FORMERLY
ADAMS HOUSE,
BRISTOL, IND.
F. M. ROE, Proprietor,
FREE OMNIBUS TO AND FROM TRAINS.
LIVERY ESTABLISHMENT CONNECTED WITH THE HOUSE.
COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS.
153

THE REPUBLICAN,
A QUARTO WEEKLY NEWSPAPER,
18 PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, AT THE
CITY OF COLDWATER, MICHIGAN,
-BY-
W. J. & O. A. BOWEN,
AT TWO DOLLARS A YEAR IN ADVANCE.
It will advocate Republican principles, and in connection there-
with, discuss the polity and principles of our government.
The family circle will be well supplied with the choicest and
most readable matter.
The paper will contain the latest and best acts and results in
science, art, natural history and agriculture.
Our quarto form we think cannot fail to please.
We shall endeavor to so arrange and limit the quality of adver-
tising matter as to best serve the interests of advertising patrons,
and to avoid every occasion of charging us with parsimony.
GEO. A. COE,
Attorney at Law, Justice of the Peace,
And U. S. Court Commissioner,
OFFICE IN MICHIGAN SOUTHERN HOTEL BUILDING,
COLDWATER, MICH.
E, G. PARSONS,
Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery,
OFFICE IN THE MASONIC BLOCK,
COLDWATER, MICH.
W. J. BOWEN,
Attorney at Law & Circuit Court Commissioner,,
11
COLDWATER, MICHIGAN,
154
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
SOUTHERN MICHIGAN HOTEL,
North-west corner of Public Square,
COLDWATER, MICH.,
M. L. STRONG, Proprietor.
SPAULDING, DIBBLE & CO.,
DEALERS IN
STAPLE & FANCY DRY GOODS
41 Chicago Street, Coldwater, Mich.
The only exclusively Dry Goods House in the city.
EXCELSIOR DINING HALL,
S. N. CORNELL, PROPRIETOR,
MONROE STREET, COLDWATER, MICHIGAN.
Warm Meals prepared at all Hours.
J. W. SHIVELY,
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF
DRY GOODS & DRY GROCERIES,
COLDWATER, MICHIGAN.
LOUIS T. N. WILSON,
Attorney & Counsellor at Law,
COLDWATER, MICH.
HAMLET B. ADAMS,
Attorney at Law & Solicitor in Chancery,
COLDWATER, MICH.
COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS.
155

WATER CURE INFIRMARY,
IN
COLDWATER, MICH.
ON THE MICHIGAN SOUTHERN AND NORTHERN INDIANA R. R;
The Building is new, built expressly for the business, and is permanently
located.
To the Diseased,—those who are sick and considered incur ible,—who are
suffering with pain and can find no relief,-who are paralyzed and have been
given up by physicians,—who are near dying—we bid you hope-your health
may yet be restored.
The following diseases are positively and permanently cured by
ELECTROPATHIC TREATMENT,
without pain or inconvenience:
Palsy, or Paralysis of every variety; Consumption, Rheumatism, Acute and
Chronic Neuralgia; Torpid Liver; Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma, Spinal
Complaints, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Deafness of all kinds, Blindness and Weak
Eyes, St. Vitus Dance, Salt Rheum, Prolapsus Uteri, Piles, Female Weakness
and Irregularities, General Debilty, Stiff Joints, Constipation and every spe-
cie of Chronic and Nervous diseases.
We treat the above diseases with great success if they are curable. We
make no compromise with the stomach in the way of drugs. We claim to be
purely Eclectic, relying much upon Water and Electricity.
Electricity is the natural element of the nervous system-the connecting
link between mind and matter, the most absolute and subtle substance known.
It circulates the blood; is the cause of voluntary and involuntary motion;
produces all the chemical changes in the system--decompositions and recom-
positions, and always co-operates with vitality in imparting health and strength
to the human system. If Electricity is the generating agent of human life,
how important it must be in the continuance of that life, and in the preserva-
tion of health!
Electricians have for ages witnessed the astonishing effects of Electricity
from their own random experiments, in controlling the most obstinate dis-
eases, and have attributed their frequent failures more to their own ignorance
than to any lack of virtue in the agent; and it has for a long time been the
opinions of the most scientific investigators, that it was the vitalizing, animat-
ing, sustaining, and all-controlling power, which, if properly applied to the
human system, would regulate and control all the various functions of life.
Mrs. Jane R. Willson, M. D., a lady of much experience, is with me, to take
charge of the female department.
For further particulars, address
P. O. Box, 130.
H. F. BROWN, M. D., Proprietor.
COLDWATER, MỊCH.
156
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
O. B. QUIGLEY,
Livery & Sale Stable,
COLDWATER, MICHIGAN.

The best of Horses, the best of Carriages, the best of every-
thing in the Livery line.
Horses Sold or Exchanged on Fair Terms.
The best of Hacks in the city running to and from the cars,
and any part of the city.
Stages for Marshall, Union City, and Angola.
CASH FOR HAY AND ALL KINDS OF GRAIN AND FEED.
THE
COLDWATER SENTINEL
IS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY, AT THE CITY OF
COLDWATER, MICHIGAN,
BY SMITH & MOORE, AT
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE.
It has a large circulation, and is an excellent medium for advertising.
THE ADVERTISING RATES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
One square, (ten lines), one to three weeks,.
three months,.
" six months,.
"C
"
twelve months,,
One quarter column, one year,.
One-half column, one year,.
One column, one year,.
$1.00.
2.50.
4.00.
7.00.
.25.00.
40.00.
.75.00.
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
157
ST. JOSEPH'S ACADEMY,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
SISTERS OF HOLY CROSS.
No resident of this thriving young city need be told of the beauty and
healthfulness of the site of this institution. It is situated on Gen. Taylor
street, at the head of Wayne, on, perhaps, the highest spot of ground in the
city, of which, it commands a full view. The grounds of the academy are
well laid out, and embrace a full acre, reaching from Gen Taylor street to
Scott, thus affording ample space to the pupils for recreation.
The building has been finished at an expense of nearly twenty thousand
dollars, and has everything that could be desired, or the dictate of experience
could reasonably require for an educational establishment.
The building being extensive, the pupils have the invaluable advantage of
well ventilated halls for preparing their classes, separate from their recitation
rooms. And, exteriorly, the building is an ornament of the city, so beautiful
in itself!
The Sisters, as teachers, need no eulogy; for even those who have not
known them by experience, could not have failed to know them through
others, since their praise as efficient teachers of manners, morals, and science
combined, is upon the lips of the many who can speak of them from
experience.
The regular course of studies in this institution, embraces all the branches
required to complete a thorough education, including Music, vocal and instru-
mental, Drawing and Painting; the various branches of Needle Work; the
French, German and Latin languages.
To meet the wishes of German parents, and others who may desire a tho-
rough course in the German language, a department exclusively German, has
been opened in the academy, which is under the charge of native, German
Sisters. Thus affording more than ordinary facility in the acquisition of a
language, after the English, the most useful to the inhabitants of the Western
States.
A few steps from the academy, the Sisters have opened a
" Minim School"
for boys under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a
want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender age, if they
go to school, at all, are crowded into schools among associates of a more ad-
vanced age, and they seldom learn much except what is detrimental to their
manners and morals. Under the mild government of the Sisters, who per-
form, in their regard, the duties of the best of mothers, their condition is far
different. This every parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude,
therefore, which parents must feel for their children at that age, will, doubt
less, bring this department a liberal patronage.
From the above it may be seen, that the educational wants of the citizens
of South Bend, are, in this institution, fully supplied; and their liberal patron-
age hitherto, shows that they appreciate the advantages thus placed within
their reach. Terms are very moderate.
158
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
THE
:

MICHIGAN SOUTHERN
RAILROAD
With its connections, the MOST RELIABLE ROUTE to all
points in the Eastern States and the Dominion of Canada.
Four Express Trains leave Chicago daily
CONNECTIONS ARE
At DETROIT with Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways.
At TOLEDO with Lake Shore and Dayton & Michigan Railroads.
At CLYDE and MONROEVILLE with Trains for all points in Cen-
tral and Southern Ohio.
At CLEVELAND with Atlantic & Great Western, Cleveland &
Pittsburg.
At DUNKIRK with Erie Railway.
At BUFFALO with Erie, and New York Central Railways, for all
points in New York and the New England States.
Passengers coming West by the South Shore Line have choice of
Four Express Trains from Toledo over this first-class Road.
Or, coming to DETROIT via the Canada Roads,
then connect with the MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN, through from
DETROIT TO CHICAGO WITHOUT CHANGE
Elegant and most comfortable Sleeping Cars are run on all Night
Trains. Through to DETROIT and CLEVELAND without change.
Salisbury's Patent Dusters are used on Day Trains, and, also,
the most comfortable and well ventilated Smoking Cars in the
country.
We hold out the following inducements for public patronage :
GOOD, CLEAN EATING HOUSES.
Luxurious Sleeping Cars-Day Coaches with all Modern Improvements.
A SMOOTH TRACK.
Not second to any on this Continent. And,
FARE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY COMPETING LINES.
The new and elegant Passenger Depot at Chicago, erected this
season, is a great object of interest.
Tickets by this popular route may be had at all principal ticket
offices in the United States.
C. F. HATCH,
SAML. C. HOUGH,
Gen. Supt., Chicago, Ill.
Gen. Pass'r Agt., Chicago, Ill.
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
159
NICAR, DEMING & CO.,
Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all kinds of


HARDWARE, STOVES
AND TINWARE,
Cor. Washington and Michigan Sts.,
SOUTH BEND, IND.
Always on hand and for sale at the very lowest figure,
Iron, Steel, Nails, Glass, Putty, Paints, Oils, Brushes,
AND ALL KINDS OF BUILDING HARDWARE.
ALSO,
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,
COOPER'S AND CARPENTER'S TOOLS,
Leather and Rubber Belting,
Circular, Mill and Cross Cut Saws,
ROPES AND CORDAGE,
CUTLERY, GLUE, ETC., ETC,
All kinds of Tin Work Made to Order.
AGENTS FOR
The "La Belle" Nail Works, Wheeling, West Virginia; Laffel &
Baldwin's Union Churns; William Mann & Co.'s
Mishawaka Pattern Axes. Also, Genuine
Mishawaka Axes.
160
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.

DWIGHT HOUSE,

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA,
A. A. ALLEN, Proprietor,
Formerly of the Bramble House, Lafayette, Indiana,
I have leased the Dwight House for a term of years, and after
October 1, 1867, shall be glad to see all my old friends and the
public generally there. See page 99 of this Gazetteer.
WM. KNOBLOCK.
BOND-CHANDLER
A. A. ALLEN.

THEO. E. KNOBLOCK.
KNOBLOCK BROTHERS,
MANUFACTURERS OF
IMPROVED
Extension Tables,
ORDERS KINDLY SOLICITED.
Post Office Box 115.
SOUTH BEND, IND.
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
161
J. C. & C. W. HORR,
MANUFACTURERS OF
FACTORY CHEESE,
AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN
FACTORY, CHEDDER, ENGLISH DAIRY,
Hamburg and Western Reserve Cheese,
WELLINGTON, Lorain County, OHIO.
All orders promptly filled at the lowest market prices.
E. M. PLIMPTON,
Attorney and Counsellor at Law,
AND SOLICITER IN CHANCERY,
BUCHANAN, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN.
HENRY A. FORD,
Attorney & Counsellor at Law,
AND SOLICITOR IN CHANCERY,
NILES, MICH.
Soldiers' Claims adjusted; Back Pay, Bounty and Pensions ob-
tained. Collections promptly made.
EDSON FOSTER,
DEALERS IN
DRY GOODS, GROCERIES,
Glass and Earthen Ware, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps,
PLOWS, FARMERS' TOOLS, &c.,
Elkhart County,
MIDDLEBURY,
CASH FOR PRODUCE.
INDIANA
162
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
NEW PAPER!
THE


LYCEUM BANNER,
PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH, BY
MRS. L. H. KIMBALL,
-AT-
167 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO, ILL.
EDITED BY MRS. H. F. M. BROWN.
It is an OCTAVo, printed on good paper and embellished with
fine electrotype illustrations.
Some of our best writers are engaged as regular contributors.
We teach no human creeds; Nature is our Law-giver; to deal
justly our religion.
The children want Amusement, History, Romance, Music; they
want Moral, Mental and Physical culture. We hope to aid them
in their search for these treasures.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
One year, ONE DOLLAR, in advance.
10 copies, to one address...
25 do.
50 do.
100 do.
do.
do.
do.
.$9.00
22.00
45.00
90.00
Subscribers in Canada must pay twenty cents per year in addition, for pre-
payment of American postage.
Subscribers wishing the direction of their paper changed must always state
the name of the town, county and State to which it has been sent.
Money can be sent by Postoffice Orders, but when drafts on New York or
Boston can be procured, we prefer them.
All subscriptions discontinued at the expiration of the time subscribed for.
Specimen copies, Five cents.
All communications should be addressed to
MRS. LOU. H. KIMBALL,
P. O. Drawer 5956, CHICAGO, ILL.
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
163
DEMOCRATIC UNION,
A FIRST CLASS WEEKLY NEWSPAPER,
PUBLISHED AT
ST. JOSEPH
White Pigeon, Michigan,
-BY-
COUNTY,
GEORCE C. HACKSTAFF.
The Union affords an excellent medium for advertising, and aims
to be a good Family Newspaper.
JOB PRINTING,
Of all kinds neatly and promptly done at reasonable prices.
MOWBRAY & BUCKLEY,
No. 4 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK,
SOUTH BEND,
INDIANA,
DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF
Confectionery, Canned Fruits, Nuts
PICKLES, SAUCES, CIGARS, ETC.
LADIES' & GENTLEMEN'S RESTAURANT.
WARM MEALS OF CHOICEST AND BEST KINDS,
Served at all hours.
DAY BOARDERS ACCOMMODATED.
GREEN FRUIT IN THEIR SEASON.
NO LIQUORS SOLD.
164
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
BERRIEN COUNTY ABSTRACT OFFICE.
BACON & KING,
Real Estate Agents,
NILES, MICHIGAN.
Particular attention paid to the making of Abstracts of Titles
in Berrien county, to the payment of Taxes, perfecting titles, and
the foreclosure and collection of mortgages. Collections will be
promptly attended to.
D. BACON, Attorney at Law.
H. S. TOWLE,
JOHN KING.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
(With Goodwin & Larned,)
McCormick's Building,
P. O. Box 384.
CHICAGO, ILL.
FULSOM, ILSLEY & CO.,
Have dissolved by mutual consent and the business of the
North-western "Excelsior" Manufacturing Co.
Will hereafter be carried on by
FULSOM & GRANNIS.
See page 123, this Gazetteer.
A. V. P. DAY,
DEALER IN


BOOTS & SHOES,
ADRIAN, MICH.
BOND & CHANDLER,
Engravers on Wood and Label Printers,
COLORED LABELS OF ALL KINDS MADE TO ORDER,
(SMITH & NIXON'S BUILDING,)
S. W. Cor. Washington & Clark Sts., CHICAGO, ILL.
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
165
THREE RIVERS MILLS,
ST. JOSEPH
THREE RIVERS, COUNTY," MICH,
HAMILTON & RUCKMAN,
PROPRIETORS.
We manufacture Flour from best selected White and Amber
Wheat, and warrant our productions strictly first class Family
Flour. Our mill has recently been put in excellent repair, and
we are now using six runs of stones constantly. Our power is
abundant and constant, not being materially affected by drouths
or freshets. Cars on the St. Joseph Valley Railroad deliver wheat
and take flour from our mill without expense of drayage.
Ship Stuff in small or large quantities always for sale.
HAMILTON & RUCKMAN.
SOUTH BEND NURSERIES.
SMALL FRUITS CULTIVATED IN PERFECTION.
Strawberries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Grapes, Etc.
PLANTS SOLD AND VARIETIES WARRANTED.
WE HAVE ALWAYS ON HAND THE NEWEST AND CHOICEST VARIETIES.
Catalogues furnished on application personally or by mail, to
A. M. PURDY, South Bend, Ind.
Pl. C. PERKINS,
MANUFACTURER OF
AXES & EDGE TOOLS,
ESPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO
MILL PICKS AND SHINGLE KNIVES,
MISHAWAKA, IND.
166
GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY.
ST. JOSEPH VALLEY RAILROAD
FROM WHITE PIGEON,
THROUGH.
Constantine, Three Rivers & Schoolcraft,
TO
KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN.
DAY TRAINS CONNECT WITH TRAINS EAST AND WEST ON THE
MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD AT WHITE PIGEON.
This is the important connecting Road between the Michigan
Southern and Michigan Central Roads.
R. GARDNER, Supt.

HAZLITT & REED,
BOOK AND JOB
Printers,
90 WASHINGTON ST.,
CHICAGO, ILL.
Books,
Billheads,
Hand Bills,
Show Cards,
Pamphlets,
Business Cards,
Reports,
Catalogues,
Diplomas,
Sermons,
Programmes,
Blanks,
Etc.
Etc.
Etc.
In Good Style and at the Lowest Prices.
Estimates furnished when desired. Orders
from the Country promptly attended to.
INDEX TO SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS.
lams & Sumption..
iderson, Andrew
·
iderson, King & Alexander.
nold, J. B. Jr.,.
al, A. & Co..
illa & Rose..
ertrand, Alex
uer, Franz, Jr.
ɔnney, James.
urt, J. A. Dr.
rownfield John.
¡owney, H. J.
uysee, Edward
ollege, Northern Indiana.
ɔquillard, A.
ɔquillard, A. & Co……
hockelt, J. A
hapin & Cushing.
ushing, A. G. & W. F .
orning, J. N
lifford, A. B
B..
wight House.
eming, D.
unn & Co..
avis, James.
ddy & Henderson
smay, Isaac..
riedberger, M...
itch & Bro..
ulsom, Ilsley & Co
eorge & Pfleger
illen, Ed.
allagher, John.
Catch, D..
anford, W. H. Dr.
Kitchcock,
L.
(am, L. J. Dr...
[agen, Geo
[arper & Massey.
lodson, C. G.....
[uey & Co..
[ertzell & Hartman.
[umphreys, Dr. L.
[owe, Geo. A..
[ardman, Jacob.
reland & Gish.
ohnston's Nursery.
104-107 | Lewis, S. & Son.
•
106 Lett, J. B…………
118 Laberdic, Randolph.
122 Malloy, E. & Co..
88 Miller, B. F. & Son
101 Marsh & Miller.
118 Martin & Smith..
119 Martin, C. W...
119 Middleton, C. H.
123 McDonald, Albert..
123 Mussel Brothers.
89 Northern Indiana College..
95-115 National Union, (paper).
96 Nicar, Deming & Co..
106 Neuperth & Benz.
117 Notre Dame..
118 Nevins, G. F..
112
119
•
123
90
92
•
99
119
119
120
120 Myers, Dr. S. F…………..
121
123 Miller, William.
121
121
123
89
90
93
106
108-109
120
118 Oliver, Bissell & Co..
125
121
Pagin, Dr. L. & Bro's..
..101
99
99
Register, (paper).
88
123
Ruggles, J. W..
91
124
Reed & Coonley.
100
•
Rhodes & Siegfried.
104
123
123
Shively's Hall,..
92
Skinner, I..
97
101
102
103
104
··
105-113-126
121 South Bend Graded School
107
114 Strayer, Jacob & Co...
110-111
118 South Bend Billiard Parlor.
112
104 Seltzer, John K...
114 St. Patrick's Select School...
123 St. Mary's Academy...
100 Spencerian Commercial College.
119 Studebaker Bro's
120 St. Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors. 114
120 St. Joseph Academy
116
..
121 Shively, D. M..
118
..
122 Stover, J. W. Dr...
119
122 Staley, Alexander C
120
122 South Bend Woolen Mills..
120
122 Stockford & Kent..
120
122 Stanfield & Stanfield..
124
122 South Bend Hydraulic Co....
127
124 Turner, T. G…….
117
94 Turner, Miss Flora L.
118
117
Treanor, John..
121
Tutt & Severance.
124
107
115
University of Notre Dame……….. 108-109
117 Van Sickle's Fine Art Gallery.... 118
119 Vinson, Charles..
122
95 Witherill & Co..
101
98 Wheeler & Orvis
107
98 Wade, A. B...
121
104 Young & Merriman,
120
noblock Brothers.
noblock & Buchtel.
Knoblock, Zeitler & Co..
Keedy, John H..
iphart, C. & Co
autz Bro's & Co.
ayton, Geo. F.
•
emen, Grether & Co...
INDEX TO MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS.
Dodge & Milburn.
Hudson, A. & Co..
Judson, Montgomery & Co.....
136-139
Loshbough & Costell.
Brown, B. F
Bless, Kena & Co.....
Brower, N. V.
Bingham & Hudson
Clark & Whitson .....
Cass, A. & Co...
Cowles, T. S..
Eberhart, J. H. & Co
132 | Milburn, George & Co
134 Martin, H. B. & L. W.....
138 Mishawaka Enterprise
139 McLafferty & Van Deusen
139 Mishawaka Woolen Mills..
139 Nottage & Ball…….
136 Perkins, P. C C..
138 Palmer & Warden
136 Poppendick, Fr
•
133 St. Joseph Iron Company
Sisson, George H.
Heiser, Joseph..
Judson, A. B. & Son……………...
Judson, A. B. & Co..
INDEX TO ELKHART ADVERTISEMENTS.
131-140
132
134
137
137
139
136
137
138
136 Ripple Mills.
139
135
137
137 Thorndyke, W. J. & Co...
137 Taylor, Elijah.
138
138
145 Lanman, John T..
146
Beardsley, C
Bucklen, Ísaac.
Cummins, S. M..
Clifton House
Doty, D. M & N. P ..
Elkhart Marble Works..
Faber, A. E..
Gee R. Stoddard & Son
INDEX TO GOSHEN ADVERTISEMENTS.
Bristol Steam Flouring Mill
145 Mabbey & Brother.
144
146 Mann, C. B. & Co ..
144
145 Main, O. H.
145
145 Patrick & Son.
146
146 Raymond & Kibbe
145
146 Runyan, Dr. D. H.
145
146 Railroad Eating House.
143
146
149 | Great Hydraulic Power
150
•
Ellis, E. W. H
149 Hascall & Alderman.
149
Fassett, Herb. S.
149 Hydraulic Power.
150
Goshen Democrat.
149 Marshall, L. A. & Co
149
INDEX TO BRISTOL ADVERTISEMENTS.
Bristol Hydraulic Company
151 | Probasco, W.
152
Bristol House
152 Roe, F. M
152
Birch & Aitkin.
Fowler, Solomon
152 Romaine, Samuel B ...
152
152
•
INDEX TO COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS.
Adams, Hamlet B...
Bowen, W. J.
Bowen, W. J. & O. A.
Brown, Dr. H. F...
Coe, George A
154 Quigley, O. B ..
156
153 Republican...
153
153 Southern Michigan Hotel
154
155 Strong, M. L.
154
153 Spaulding, Dibble & Co.
154
Cornell, S. N..
154 Shively, J.W...
154
Coldwater Sentinel
156 Smith & Moore,
156
Excelsior Dining Hall
•
154 Wilson, Louis T. N
154
153 Water Cure Infirmary.
155
Parsons, E. G..
164
160
163
164
INDEX TO MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
Allen, A. A. Sonth Bend, Indiana. 160
Brown, Mrs. H. F. M. Chicago, Ill. 162
Bacon & King, Niles, Michigan... 164
Bond & Chandler, Chicago.
Dwight House, South Bend
Democratic Union, White Pigeon.
Day, A. V. P., Adrian, Mich
Foster, Edson, Middlebury, Ind... 161
Ford, Henry A., Niles, Mich 161
Fulsom & Grannis, South Bend... 164
Horr, J. C. & C. W. Wellington, O. 161
Hackstaff, Geo. C., White Pigeon.. 163
Hamilton & Ruckman, 3 Rivers 165
Hazlitt & Reed, Chicago...
..
.166
162
162
158
Knoblock Bro's South Bend...... 160
Kimball, Mrs. Lou H., Chicago.
Lyceum Banner, Chicago
Michigan Southern Railroad.
Mowbray & Buckley, South Bend. 163
Nicar, Deming & Co., South Bend. 159
Plimpton, E. M., Buchanan, Mich. 161
Purdy, A. M., South Bend
165
Perkins, P. C., Mishawaka, Ind... 165
St. Joseph's Academy, South Bend 157
St. Joseph Valley Railroad....... 166
South Bend Nursery.
Towle, H. S., Chicago..
Three Rivers' Mills
165
164
165
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